title: The Emergence of Modern Turkey
author:  Bernard Lewis 
description: "No one has done more to examine the interactions of the West and the Middle East...Lewis' book will remain a landmark in the study of the modern Middle East."--Foreign Affairs, "Significant Books of the Last 75 Years"
zlib_text: ![](images/00001.jpg)
  
  
  ##### www.blackmask.com
  
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  Turkey
  
  
  [I](Turkey_%20A%20Past%20and%20a%20Future_split_001.html#filepos1848)
  
  [II](Turkey_%20A%20Past%20and%20a%20Future_split_001.html#filepos25419)
  
  [III](Turkey_%20A%20Past%20and%20a%20Future_split_001.html#filepos65336)
  
  
  
  
  
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  # Turkey: A Past and a Future
  
  
  ### Arnold Joseph Toynbee
  
  
  This page copyright © 2003 Blackmask Online.
  
  
  http://www.blackmask.com  
    
  
  * I
  
  
  * II
  
  
  * III
  
  
  
  
      
  
  E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, L. Barber, and
  
  
  Distributed Proofreaders
  
  
  TURKEY: A PAST AND A FUTURE
  
  
  BY A.J. TOYNBEE
  
  
  MCMXVII
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  ### I
  
  
  What is Turkey? It is a name which explains nothing, for no formula
  
  
  can embrace the variety of the countries marked “Ottoman” on the map:
  
  
  the High Yemen, with its monsoons and tropical cultivation; the tilted
  
  
  rim of the Hedjaz, one desert in a desert zone that stretches from the
  
  
  Sahara to Mongolia; the Mesopotamian rivers, breaking