title: Molecular Oncology: Causes of Cancer and Targets for Treatment
author: Edward P. Gelmann
description: The genomic era has greatly facilitated the understanding of the molecular changes that underlie malignant transformation. This timely foundation for understanding the origins of molecular oncology reviews available technologies for cancer analysis, summaries of key oncogenic pathways for a wide range of human malignancies, and pharmacologic therapies in development.
zlib_text: o-TOLUIDINE and o-TOLUIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 
  CAS Nos. 95-53-4 and 636-21-5 
  First Listed in the Third and Second Annual Reports on Carcinogens, respectively 
  CH3
  Cl
  NH2
  NH2
  H
  CH3
  o-Toluidine
  o-Toluidine hydrochloride
  CARCINOGENICITY
  o-Toluidine and o-toluidine hydrochloride are reasonably anticipated to be human
  carcinogens based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of
  carcinogenicity in experimental animals (IARC 1978, 1982a,b, 1987, 2000). When administered
  in the diet, o-toluidine hydrochloride increased the incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas or 
  adenomas in female mice, hemangiosarcomas at multiple sites in male mice of one strain, and
  hemangiosarcomas and hemangiomas of the abdominal viscera in both sexes of another strain.
  When administered in the diet, o-toluidine hydrochloride increased the incidences of sarcomas of
  multiple organs in rats of both sexes; subcutaneous fibromas and mesotheliomas in male rats;
  and sarcomas of the spleen, tran