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  Miscellaneous | optional Rule: siMplified daMage
  Optional Rule: 
  Simplified Damage
  Introduced here is an optional rule to streamline and 
  expedite combat resolution in D&D 5e. Simplified 
  Damage combines attack (or a saving throw) rolls and 
  damage into a single d20 roll.
  Attacks & Saving Throws
  When a creature makes a successful attack, it deals 
  harm. If a creature succeeds on an attack roll by 10 or 
  more, they deal powerful harm instead. If the creature’s 
  attack was a critical, they deal critical harm instead.
  When a creature fails a saving throw, it takes harm 
  from the spell, attack, or effect. If the creature fails a 
  saving throw by 10 or more, or rolls a natural 1, the 
  creature takes powerful harm instead.
  Harm
  Harm, powerful harm, and critical harm are categories 
  of damage whose values differ based on the attack 
  or spell. To determine the harm, powerful harm, and 
  critical harm values of each attack or spell, reference 
  the harm by damage die chart below. 
  For example, an attack with a rapier has a damage die 
  of d8 which gives it a harm of 4, a powerful harm of 8, 
  and a critical harm of 12. The attacker’s relevant ability 
  score modifier, in this case Strength or Dexterity, is 
  then added to each value. Whenever that attacker deals 
  damage with a rapier he deals those amounts of damage.
  If an attack or spell would call for multiple damage 
  dice to be rolled, multiply the harm, powerful harm, and 
  critical harm values by the number of dice called for.
  Harm By Damage Die
  Damage Die
  Harm
  Powerful Harm
  Critical Harm
  d4
  2
  4
  6
  d6
  3
  6
  9
  d8
  4
  8
  12
  d10
  5
  10
  15
  d12
  6
  12
  18
  d20
  10
  20
  30
  How Does THis Help?
  When using this optional rule for Simplified Damage, it is 
  best if all players determine the harm, powerful harm, 
  and critical harm values of their weapon attacks and 
  spells ahead of time. The intention of this optional rule is 
  to speed up combat which it isn’t likely to do if players 
  are referencing a chart after every time an attack or 
  saving throw is rolled at the table!
  Half-measure
  Some players will miss the visceral experience of rolling 
  damage when they score a sneak attack or cast a spell. 
  For these players, consider using the simplified damage 
  rules for weapon attacks and cantrips and roll damage as 
  normal for spells 1st level and above and any additional 
  damage that might come from a class feature or racial 
  trait.
  Optional Rule: Simplified Damage by
  Benjamin Huffman
  http://sterlingvermin.com/
  Desktop Publishing by Ners
  
SOURCE: textdata/thevault/Dungeons & Dragons [multi]/5th Edition (5e)/3rd Party/Benjamin Huffman/Simplified Damage.pdf