TEXT:  
  TACTICAL LIGHTING AND SIGNALS
  Signal Device Rules
  Signaling Devices
  
  RULES FOR SIGNAL DEVICES
  The category "signal devices" includes a broad range of flares, star signals, and sometimes even whistles and radar reflectors
  designed to aid in rescue, sending a signal to begin an operation, or warn friendly forces of imminent danger. They can range from
  hand-held flare tubes to rocket-powered signals to ground-based devices with tripwires meant to catch enemy troops that are
  entering a friendly area of control. Most hand-launched devices are simple tubes that are discarded once fired; others are shells
  that are fired from specially-designed pistols (referred to as "flare guns" or "signal pistols" here) or sometimes grenade launchers.
  Hand-held devices are usually flares or smoke, and are normally used to signal rescuers, dropped on the ground, or (in some
  cases) thrown into water. Most launched devices, whether tube launchers or signal pistol shells, are designed to leave no trail, so
  they cannot be visually back to their launching point; some do produce such a trail, and some do it by design (these are usually
  warning signals).
  Flares: These are very bright lights that are generally launched into the air, but may be hand-held. They are very bright, visible
  from long ranges, and typically have longer burn times. Some deploy parachutes when they actuate, slowing their descent and in
  game terms increasing their burn times. Most use white light, but some use other colors. A flare on the ground will cause dry
  objects or wood to catch fire 0-4 phases after they light (roll 1D6-2).
  Star Signals: These signals also deploy bright signals, but the signal is more of a bright but localized light rather than
  illuminating an area. Star signals (also called "star shells," particularly when launched from a signal pistol or grenade launcher)
  usually come in colors rather than simple white light, though white-light star signals are by no means unknown. Like flares, star
  signals can cause fires if they land in dry areas or in woods, though the chance of this happening is 0-3 phases (roll 1D6-3).
  Smoke: Smoke is, well, smoke. Most (but not all) smoke signals are orange, and are usually hand-held devices; few are designed
  for launching. Virtually all use non-flammable compounds and will not ignite dry tinder or items. Unlike smoke grenades, these
  signals are not designed to produce obscuring smoke; most have short burn times and produce relatively thin smoke.
  Radar Reflectors: These signals are composed of a chaff packet that spreads when the payload bursts. They are primarily
  meant to allow a signal to show up on friendly radar and therefore aid in a rescue, but they also have a secondary use as a decoy
  for enemy radars.
  Whistles: This is a loud, high-pitched whistle designed to get attention, scare enemy troops, or ruin an enemy’s hearing for a
  short time (or any or all of the above).
   
  THE TABLES
  SIGNALS
  Size: The size of the device or shell; this gives the players and GM some idea of the size of the device they are carrying around.
  (It also helped me figure out costs…) Virtually all such devices are cylindrical, and the first number should be treated sort of like
  the caliber of the device.
  Burn Time: This is how long the signal burns, in seconds. Smoke signals generally take triple that time to totally disperse; chaff
  devices have a second number under the Burn Time that shows how long the dispersion of the chaff makes the radar return
  useless.
  Burst: The first number listed here is the "direct burst" radius; i.e. how wide an area is directly illuminated. The second number
  shows how far away the flare or star can be seen for signaling purposes; this will usually say something like "4K" meaning "4
  kilometers." Some of the signals listed will have three entries under the Burst entry; this means that the signal has some other
  effect such as chaff or a whistle, and that third number is the range at which that signal can be heard, picked up on radar, etc.
  Altitude: This is the maximum altitude the signal will reach when fired, provided the signal is fired straight up. Trigonometry fans,
  have fun here; I was a History major and will just guess at other angles of fire. In some cases, the signal is not designed to be
  fired straight up; in this case, the Altitude rating is more like a "Range" rating.
   
  SIGNAL PISTOLS AND LAUNCHING DEVICES
  Caliber: This is the caliber of the signal pistol or launcher in millimeters, measured by the bore size. Like most firearms, the bore
  size of the signal pistols are not necessarily exactly the same as the nominal caliber, but they are close enough to launch the
  nominal bore size shells of appropriate size. Though some launchers, particularly pen-type launchers (where the launcher is simply
  
  a small tube and the round screws or latches in the end of the launcher) have a proprietary design, in general, signal pistols of
  similar nominal caliber can launch shells of the same rough caliber, regardless of origin. Some particular examples include 26.5mm
  signal pistols, which can generally launch shells of 25-27mm; and 37mm and 38mm signal pistols, which can launch shells of
  37mm-38mm. Note that virtually no signal pistols can launch grenade launcher rounds, even those that are 40mm, though certain
  37mm, 38mm, and 40mm signal rounds can be fired by grenade launchers of the appropriate caliber.
  ROF: This is the rate of fire by Twilight 2000 v2.2 rules; this will almost always be SS (Single Shot).
   
  AND NOW YOU WANT TO USE YOUR SIGNAL DEVICE AS A WEAPON
  The problem is that Twilight 2000 is an RPG and not a movie. I’ll grant you that both have a large element of unreality, but for
  purposes of these rules, we’ll try to throw in as much reality as possible (and then translate it into game terms).
  The problem with the typical signal device (even shells fired from a signal pistol or launcher) is that they fire low-velocity rounds
  that take a long time to arm and actuate. Thus, unlike you might see on movies or TV, they are unlikely to hit your opponent and
  then ignite him into a blossom of fire or even go off when they hit him. They are equally unlikely to even penetrate the clothing or
  even skin of the typical human being. Therefore, the best you might hope for is to hit your opponent hard enough to knock the wind
  out of him, or hit him in the head hard enough to crack his skull.
  So here’s a quick and dirty rule that will suffice for most such cases: take the caliber of the device, divide it by 10, round off, and
  that’s the number of points of damage your opponent will take if you shoot him. Body armor of any type will prevent any damage
  from being done. (Even if your opponent is wearing a backpack and you hit him there, the projectile will just bounce off and not
  hurt him.) Range for the shot is equal to the Altitude figure, again divided by 10; in addition, all shots are one level more difficult at
  short range and two levels more difficult at any greater range.
  An exception to this rule is hand-held flares. These can be waved at an opponent; they will cause damage to the opponent equal to
  the caliber divided again, but in dice, not points; this is burn damage. Hit probability is calculated using Melee Combat (Armed)
  rules, but hit rolls are one level more difficult. They are also 25% likely to ignite the opponent’s clothing on fire. Unfortunately, they
  tend to go out rather quickly…
  
  Condor SS-603 Hand-Held Signal Star
  Origin: Brazil
  Notes: This is a fairly-typical sort of pyrotechnic signaling device, which is a simple tube with a propelling charge that fires a star-
  type signal. The SS-603 comes in white, green, or red, with the tube being the same color as the star cluster. The user removes
  the lower end cap, which reveals a cord. At this point, you will want to be holding the SS-603 over your head, because once the
  cord is forcefully pulled, the star cluster fires immediately.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Condor SS-
  603
  33x207mm
  0.14 kg
  7
  (B1/4K)
  90
  $23
  Condor SS-604 Hand-Held Signal Flare
  Origin: Brazil
  Notes: Unlike the SS-603 above, this is a flare and not a star. It is designed for downed airmen or other surface or ground troops
  to signal aircraft, and does launch into the air; in a way it is sort of a professional version of a Roman Candle. The SS-604
  produces an intense red flare light, and sparks can be shed that can ignite dry tinder in the immediate area. Actuation of the SS-
  604 is otherwise identical to the SS-603 above.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Condor SS-
  604
  44x242mm
  0.58 kg
  60
  (B24/8K)
  Nil
  $19
  Condor SS-605 Day/Night Signal Device
  Origin: Brazil
  Notes: The SS-605 is actually two devices in one, held together with red tape – a night signal firing a high-intensity red flare, and
  a day device which is essentially an orange smoke grenade. They are not meant to be used while still attached to each other (and
  in fact, the design prevents this), but the unused half of the SS-605 can be kept for later use. Each part of the unit is set off by
  removing an end-cap and pulling a cord forcefully.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Condor SS-
  605 Flare
  44x126mm
  0.27 kg
  25
  (B24/4K)
  125
  $15
  Condor SS-
  605 Smoke
  44x116mm
  0.24 kg
  25
  C0 B8
  Nil
  $7
  Condor SS-606 Hand-Held Parachute Flare
  Origin: Brazil
  Notes: The SS-606 is a large-tube parachute flare with a very bright light and a parachute to slow its fall back to earth by a factor
  of about 5. Like most Condor signaling devices, it comes in the form of a plastic tube, and is actuated by the removal of an end-
  cap and a firm pull on an igniter cord. The SS-606, however, is known for the kick produced by its strong propelling charge;
  therefore, the ignition has a 2-second delay to allow the user to get a firm hold on the tube before the propelling charge ignites.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  
  Condor SS-
  606
  44x325mm
  0.49 kg
  40
  (B24/15K)
  300
  $39
  Condor SS-607 Hand-Held Five-Star Rocket
  Origin: Brazil
  Notes: Unlike most of Condor’s signaling devices, the SS-607 is contained within a tube of thin aluminum. This is due to the power
  of the launching charge, and because instead of a single star, it launches a star cluster consisting of five stars instead of one. The
  stars may be red, green or white, and when the cluster detonates, it busts in a star pattern so that each star goes in a different
  direction. At one end of the SS-607 is a plastic end-cap, which is removed to reveal a cord that is pulled firmly to launch the star
  cluster. There is an ignition delay of 2 seconds, due to the kick and temperature of the propelling charge.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Condor SS-
  607
  44x329mm
  0.51kg
  5
  (B6/3K)
  300
  $42
  Condor SS-608 40mm Signaling Cartridge
  Origin: Brazil
  Notes: Not a self-firing device, the SS-608 is a cartridge for use in any 37mm, 38mm, or 40mm flare or signaling gun, and is the
  sort of cartridge that might be issued to pilots if they happen to get shot down. The SS-608 fires a short-burn time flare to minimize
  the downed pilot’s exposure, or to minimize the time of compromise of ground troops. SS-608 cartridges may be green, red, or
  white.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Condor SS-
  608
  43x96mm
  0.14 kg
  6
  (B1/8K)
  80
  $12
  V-81 Signal Cartridge
  Origin: Bulgaria
  Notes: The V-81 is a signal star cartridge for use in 26.5mm signal flare pistols. They have cardboard tubes of the color of the
  star(s) and metal rimmed bases. The V-81 comes in white, green or red, and one, two, of three-star versions. The V-81 is offered
  for export worldwide.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  V-81 (One
  Star)
  26.5x79mm
  0.1 kg
  10
  (B1/3K)
  90
  $4
  V-81 (Two
  Stars)
  26.5x79mm
  0.12 kg
  10
  (B1/3K)
  90
  $5
  V-81 (Three
  Stars)
  26.5x79mm
  0.14 kg
  10
  (B1/3K)
  90
  $6
  V-83 Signal Rocket
  Origin: Bulgaria
  Notes: This is a hand-held signal device that launches a single star shell of a 2- or 3-star cluster. The body of the cartridge is
  
  cardboard, but the bottom end is sheathed in thin aluminum to protect the user’s hand. V-83s are available with one, two, or three
  stars, all of which are the same color. That color may be white, green, or red. A rocket-assisted version of the V-83 is also
  available, but this version comes only in white-star versions. Launching is actuated using a striker cap – the end of the rocket is
  slammed against a hard surface, with no delay between hitting the bottom of the cartridge and launching of the star. The rocket-
  assisted V-83 is actuated using a pull cord and has a delay of 2 seconds.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  V-83 (One
  Star)
  30x226mm
  0.16 kg
  9
  (B1/3K)
  110
  $14
  V-83 (Two
  Stars)
  30x226mm
  0.18 kg
  9
  (B1/3K)
  110
  $17
  V-83 (Three
  Stars)
  30x226mm
  0.2 kg
  9
  (B1/3K)
  110
  $21
  V-83
  (Rocket-
  Assisted,
  One Star)
  30x226mm
  0.24 kg
  9
  (B1/5K)
  150
  $20
  V-83
  (Rocket-
  Assisted,
  Two Stars)
  30x226mm
  0.26 kg
  9
  (B1/5K)
  150
  $24
  V-83
  (Rocket-
  Assisted,
  Three Stars)
  30x226mm
  0.28 kg
  9
  (B1/5K)
  150
  $30
  CXT-87 Chemical Attack Warning Rocket
  Origin: Bulgaria
  Notes: Though designed specifically to provide warning of chemical attack, the CXT-87 could be used for general signaling
  purposes as well. The rocket, like many such Bulgarian devices, is contained in a cardboard tube with a length of the bottom of the
  tube sheathed in light aluminum to protect the user’s hand. The CXT-87 can be ignited by a pull cord after removing an end cap,
  or ignited electrically after installation on a vehicle. Once fired, the rocket emits a bright yellow light and a loud hissing noise until it
  burns out.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  CXT-87
  40x264mm
  0.45 kg
  30
  (B12/8K)
  400
  $28
  NORINCO Type 57 Signal Pistol
  Origin: China
  Notes: Like most flare guns, the Type 57 is a single-shot, break-open pistol designed specifically for launching flares or star
  signaling devices. The Type 57 is a very simple pistol consisting of only 30 parts, most of which are in the trigger mechanism. The
  hammer is single-action and must be cocked before the Type 57 can be fired. The Type 57 is based on the Russian SPSh-2 signal
  pistol, and is rugged and easy to maintain.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  
  Type 57
  26.65mm
  SS
  0.9 kg
  1
  2
  $238
  NORINCO 27mm Signal Cartridge
  Origin: China
  Notes: Useable in both 26.5mm and 27mm flare guns, this cartridge launches a bright flare which may be red, green, white, or
  yellow. The cartridge is contained in a plastic case with a brass endcap. The burn time is short, but during this time these
  cartridges are visible from a long distance due to their intensity. Unfortunately, this is mitigated somewhat by the low altitude at
  which they detonate.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  NORINCO
  27mm
  26.65x79mm
  0.06 kg
  7
  B4/13K
  90
  $8
  NORINCO 11mm Pyrotechnic Pistol
  Origin: China
  Notes: Not a conventional pistol in design, the 11mm Pyrotechnic Pistol is a single-shot device that looks more like a pen gun-type
  weapon than anything else. It is designed to be a compact signaling device for downed airmen and for survival packs used by
  crews whose ships have sunk. The cartridges are 22mm long, and are screwed into the top end of the device. A knob is then
  pulled back to cock it, with the knob’s extension dropping into a detent. It is striker fired, and the user simply pushes the firing knob
  out of its detent. It is a short-range device firing a small flare, just enough to get the attention of someone close by.
  Device
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  11mm Pyrotechnic
  Pistol
  SS
  0.06 kg
  0
  1
  $118
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  11mm
  Pyrotechnic
  Cartridge
  11x22mm
  0.01 kg
  4
  B1/2K
  30
  $1
  Maadi Abu Redis Signal Pistol
  Origin: Egypt
  Notes: This is another sign gun that is based on the ubiquitous Russian SPSh-2 signal pistol. As such, it is a break-open device
  which is very robust in construction, simple to maintain, and easy to use. Unlike most such pistols, the Abu Redis has no trigger
  guard, or a conventional trigger; instead, a trigger bar is set against the pistol grip. The pistol grip is rather elongated and has a
  lanyard loop on the butt. The hammer is single-action and must be cocked before firing the Abu Redis.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Abu Redis
  26.5mm
  SS
  0.92 kg
  1
  2
  $250
  Lacroix Type 252 Day/Night Distress Signal
  Origin: France
  Notes: Though the Type 252 is a signal device, it not designed to be launched into the air – it is to be held up and used to signal
  
  from the ground. The Type 252 is a small device with a percussion igniter at each end, so it must be hit against a solid object to
  actuate. It can be held in the hand once ignited, since it does not produce enough heat to burn the user. One end of the Type 252
  produces thick orange smoke for daytime use, and the other end produces a red flame for night use. The night end is very bright
  and can be seen a surprising distance away. Once one end is used, the Type 252 must be discarded, as the other end becomes
  unusable. The Type 252 is watertight, and the night side can be used underwater down to a depth of 70 meters. Note that the both
  the prices below are for the complete device; one does not double the prices to obtain the full price for the Type 252; likewise, do
  not double the weight figures to arrive at the weight of the entire Type 252, or the size for the final size of the Type 252.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Type 252 (Day)
  38x126mm
  0.14 kg
  30
  C0 B12
  Nil
  $24
  Type 252 (Night)
  38x126mm
  0.14 kg
  15
  B6/12K
  Nil
  $24
  Lacroix Mle F-1 Hand Signaling Device
  Origin: France
  Notes: The Mle F-1 consists of a family of signaling devices, all within almost identical containers. The containers are not only
  marked with their type – the markings are embossed, allowing identification of the type of Mle F-1 by touch (for those familiar with
  the markings). The all come in plastic tubes with plastic endcaps; when these are removed, they reveal a cord which is a pull-
  friction device, actuated by a firm pull. They all fire after a 3-second delay.
  There are basically two sorts of Mle F-1 devices – standard star signals and parachute star signals. Each use single stars. The
  stars may be white, green or red. Burnout is roughly twice as long for parachute stars as for standard stars. The containers of the
  parachute stars are much longer than the standard stars.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Mle F-1 (Standard)
  28.5x146mm
  0.09 kg
  7
  B1/3K
  90
  $8
  Mle F-1 (Parachute)
  28.5x273mm
  0.16 kg
  15
  B1/5K
  90
  $15
  Lacroix Type 328 Distress Signal Kit
  Origin: France
  Notes: The Type 328 is a kit of small flare devices contained in a waterproof resealable plastic bag. The Type 328 kit consists of
  four F-428 red flares, two Type 328 radar-reflecting red flares, and a snap-together launcher and grip. Designed primarily as
  rescue aids, they are quite bright and the radar-reflective flares are visible on radar from a good distance away. The Type 328
  radar-reflective flares are interesting in that, in addition to deploying a bright red flare, they also release a cloud of chaff to help
  friendly radar-equipped aircraft to find those who need to be rescued.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  F-428 Flare
  20x70mm
  0.06 kg
  5
  B1/6K
  150
  $2
  Type 328 Radar
  Reflecting Flare
  20x70mm
  0.09 kg
  5/10
  B4/6K/13K
  150
  $6
  Total Kit
  20x70x300mm
  0.52 kg
  N/A
  N/A
  N/A
  $109
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Type 328 Grip-
  Launcher
  20mm
  SS
  0.1 kg
  0
  1
  $89
  
  Lacroix Type 428 Distress Signal Kit
  Origin: France
  Notes: This is a simple package of six small red flares and a hand launcher, contained in a waterproof plastic resealable bag. The
  kit is quite small and easily carried by persons who have little room for gear, like pilots or special operations personnel. Though the
  flares are not bright (about 5000 candlepower), the rocket booster fires the flare to almost half a kilometer. The launcher itself
  consists of a tube; most of it is a handle for the user; the flare clips into the well as the end of the launcher, and the flares are
  short metal tubes with rounded ends. Inside the kit, the flares clip into a plastic holder, with the flare holder, launcher, and plastic
  bag held together by a dummy cord.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Type 428
  Flare
  15x70mm
  0.02 kg
  11
  B1/4K
  400
  $1
  Total Kit
  15x70x140mm
  0.25 kg
  N/A
  N/A
  N/A
  $40
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Type 428 Grip
  Launcher
  15mm
  SS
  0.12 kg
  0
  0
  $38
  Lacroix 40mm Signal Cartridges
  Origin: France
  Notes: Despite the caliber, these cartridges are designed for 40mm signal pistols and not for grenade launchers. The signal stars
  come (in order of brightness) in green, red, or white. Though the burn time is short, this is enough for the star to ignite while the
  shell is still traveling upwards and not burn out until it is about 15 meters above the ground, assuming the cartridge is fired straight
  up.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Lacroix
  40mm
  (Green)
  40x100mm
  0.13 kg
  7
  B3/10K
  100
  $11
  Lacroix
  40mm (Red)
  40x100mm
  0.13 kg
  7
  B3/15K
  100
  $13
  Lacroix
  40mm
  (White)
  40x100mm
  0.13 kg
  7
  B4/27K
  100
  $18
  Lacroix ASATOX Chemical Attack Warning Device
  Origin: France
  Notes: The ASATOX is a hand-held rocket in a tube of thin aluminum with a twist-grip at the end to ignite the rocket (one twists
  the grip and pulls it sharply). The ASATOX is specifically meant to alert nearby units of chemical attack, but can be used for other
  signaling purposes. The rocket ignites after a 1.5-second delay; as the rocket flies into the air, it ejects several white star signals
  and emits a loud whistle (139 decibels). All stars deploy within 5 seconds after launch. To work properly, the ASATOX must be
  pointed vertically upwards or at the near-vertical. It should be noted that there are three burst radii listed below instead of the
  normal two; the third is the audible radius of the whistle, assuming there are no other interfering loud noises. There are also two
  
  burn times; the second is the duration of the whistle.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  ASATOX
  47.5x347mm
  0.69 kg
  20/10
  B5/12K/500
  200
  $52
  Lacroix Type F-2 Short-Range Illumination Rocket
  Origin: France
  Notes: This is technically not a signaling device, as it is designed to produce battlefield illumination rather than for signals use. It is
  a tube similar in appearance to the ASATOX above, and it is actuated in the same fashion – by turning the handgrip at the rear
  and then pulling it downward sharply. The rocket fires, then deploys a high-intensity parachute flare. There is no launch delay
  because the F-2 uses a soft-launch device and the flare does not eject until the rocket has reached 140 meters.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Lacroix F-2
  40x323mm
  0.58 kg
  25
  B300/76K
  140
  $69
  Heckler & Koch P-2A1 Signal Pistol
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: The P-2A1 is a standard break-open-type signal pistol which can also fire certain riot control cartridges. The unit is very
  simple, with a single barrel and a pistol grip/trigger unit. Safeties ensure that the hammer cannot fall with the P-2A1 broken open,
  nor can a cartridge fire with the P-2A1 in that state. When the weapon is broken open, any cartridge in the chamber (whether
  spent of not) is partially ejected, allowing the user to pull the cartridge or case out of the pistol. The hammer of the P-2A1 must be
  manually cocked before the pistol will fire, but there are no other safeties that function while the breech is closed. Maintenance is
  simple, as is operation.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  P-2A1
  26.5mm
  SS
  0.52 kg
  1
  4
  $182
  Heckler & Koch Emergency Flare Kit
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: This device is sort of handle/trigger unit without a barrel, magazine-fed and loaded with 19mm DM-13 signal cartridges. The
  firing unit has simple selector switch for safe and fire. The device has an effective fire rate in Twilight 2000 v2.2 of "BA," as before
  each shot the firing unit must be switched from fire to safe and back again to cock the weapon. The unit is compact and easy to
  place in survival kits.
  The DM-13 stars and their 5-round magazine are likewise quite compact. The DM-13 stars are usually red, but may also be had in
  white, green, or yellow.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  DM-13 Star
  19x37mm
  0.4 kg
  5
  B1/3K
  65
  $1
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Launcher Unit
  19mm
  BA
  0.23 kg
  0
  1
  $54
  
  Nicosignal Flare Kit
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: This is an interesting device – a simple grip loaded with six cartridges, which fires semiautomatically by means of a trigger
  bar on the side. The grip also has a selector switch allowing for safe and fire options. The flares may be red, green or white, and
  are loaded onto the grip as a cylindrical magazine atop the device. The Nicosignal also has a dummy cord to prevent its loss.
  Cartridges come in the cylindrical magazines only and cannot be loaded separately.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn
  Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Nicosignal
  Flares
  (Flare) 16x45mm; (Magazine)
  50x45mm
  0.09 kg
  6
  B2/8K
  80
  (Magazine) $6
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Nicosignal
  Launcher
  16mm
  SA
  0.23 kg
  0
  0
  $33
  Comet Signal Cartridge
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: Designed for 26.5mm or 27mm signal pistols, Comet Signal Cartridges deliver a flare, a smoke signal (the same color as
  the flare), and a loud bang when they detonate. They are therefore effective at day, night, and in places where potential rescuers
  cannot see the sky or are not looking in the right direction. This also means that their visibility radius is not reduced during daylight
  hours as are flares and star signals. They are contained in aluminum casings and can be identified by their markings or by touch,
  as they have notches on the rim specific to the color and type of Comet cartridge. Comet cartridges (of any type) are very common
  in the West and elsewhere, and have also enjoyed wide sales to civilians. Comet Signal Cartridges may have red, white, green, or
  yellow flares and smoke.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Comet Signal Cartridge
  26.5x80mm
  0.06 kg
  8
  B8/19K (Flare) C0 B8
  (Smoke)
  120
  $8
  Comet Parachute Signal Cartridge
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: Comet Parachute Signal Cartridges fire a flare suspended on a parachute, and are usable as signals or for battlefield
  illumination. They are quite long and will come close to filling the barrel most 26.5mm or 27mm signal pistols. Two versions are
  available; the standard type uses an ordinary rocket motor which will leave a smoke trail, and a smokeless propellant type which
  will not leave a smoke trail, thus protecting the shooter from having his position traced back to source by following that smoke trail.
  The flares may be red or white.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Comet Parachute Signal Cartridge
  26.5x170mm
  0.12 kg
  30
  B16/61K
  300
  $11
  Comet Smoke Signal Cartridge
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: This signal cartridge emits thick smoke (either purple or orange, though Comet will make it in other colors upon request)
  
  which burning when it reaches the vertex of its flight and then continues to emit smoke for the duration of its burn time. Like the
  Parachute Signal Cartridge, the Smoke Signal Cartridge is quite long and almost fills the barrel of the typical 26.5mm or 27mm
  signal pistol. Though the Smoke Signal Cartridge is designed primarily to test wind conditions for incoming helicopters and aircraft,
  it can also be used for general signaling as well as to mark targets for air or artillery strikes.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Comet Smoke Signal Cartridge
  26.5x148mm
  0.09 kg
  7
  C0 B8
  120
  $7
  Comet Color Signal Rocket
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: This is a hand-held tube that fires a rocket after the user removes the endcap and pulls the cord that is attached to the end
  of the rocket. The device ejects a parachute-suspended flare or a standard flare cluster. They are designed for signaling, but can
  also be used for battlefield illumination.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Comet Color Signal Rocket (Red,
  Parachute)
  45x270mm
  0.44 kg
  40
  B8/30K
  300
  $38
  Comet Color Signal Rocket
  (Green, Parachute)
  45x270mm
  0.44 kg
  30
  B16/61K
  300
  $76
  Comet Color Signal Rocket (Red,
  Cluster)
  45x270mm
  0.44 kg
  40
  B12/45K
  300
  $57
  Comet Color Signal Rocket
  (Green, Cluster)
  45x270mm
  0.44 kg
  30
  B24/91K
  300
  $114
  Comet White Parachute Signal Rocket
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: These hand-held devices are meant primarily for battlefield illumination, but are also useful as signaling devices. They are
  contained in aluminum tubes with plastic endcaps. There are three types: The Type 1234 and 1236 are for the most part the same
  design, but differ in caliber. The Type 1260 is a more powerful version of the Type 1234. The Type 1234 and 1236 are actuated by
  removing the plastic base, then giving the looped wire underneath a sharp pull. The more powerful Type 1260 has a much larger
  plastic endcap; actuation requires the user to pull a safety pin, then twist the endcap sharply. All three use smokeless propellants
  for their rockets and there is no smoke trail to trace back to the user.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Type 1234
  45x270mm
  0.44 kg
  30
  B35/13K
  300
  $36
  Type 1236
  33x295mm
  0.3 kg
  30
  B10/8K
  300
  $22
  Type 1260
  45x300mm
  0.55 kg
  30
  B45/17K
  500
  $40
  Comet Type 1315 Day/Night Signal
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: The Type 1315 is designed for use by night or day; it is a hand-held device that is not launched, but simply held in the
  hand. The Type 1315 uses a white plastic tube with a brown endcap at one end and a red endcap at the other. When the user
  
  removes the brown cap and pulls the igniting wire, a cloud of orange smoke is produced. When the red endcap is pulled and the
  igniting wire pulled, a red flare is produced. The Type 1315 is watertight to 30 meters, and up to this depth the flare may still be
  used. Both ends may be used, as different times as necessary; using one end does not affect the use of the other end. The price,
  weight and size listed below are for a complete unit on both lines of the table; do not add the two sizes, weights or costs together.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Type 1315 (Smoke)
  30x190mm
  0.17 kg
  20
  C0 B10
  Nil
  $17
  Type 1315 (Flare)
  30x190mm
  0.17 kg
  20
  B30/11K
  Nil
  $17
  Comet Type 1219 Signal Pistol
  Origin: Germany
  Notes: The Type 1219 is a common, ordinary type of signal pistol, robustly built of steel with plastic grip plates. However, the
  hammer is not required to be cocked before a shot; instead, the Type 1219 has a safety switch. Like most such pistols, it is loaded
  and unloaded by a break-open barrel.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Type 1219
  26.5mm
  SS
  1 kg
  1
  2
  $150
  IOF 16mm Signal Cartridges
  Origin: India
  Notes: These cartridges are small flares fired from a pen-gun-type device. The cartridges are screwed into the end of the launcher
  and readied for firing by cocking a spring-loaded knob, with firing done by pushing a switch just below the front end of the
  launcher. Flares may be red, green or white, and are short-range and have a short burn time.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  IOF 16mm Flare
  16x40mm
  0.06 kg
  4
  B1/5K
  60
  $1
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  IOF 16mm
  Launcher
  16mm
  SS
  0.13 kg
  0
  0
  $41
  IOF 38mm Signal Cartridges
  Origin: India
  Notes: Designed for 38mm signal pistols and grenade launchers, these are short-range flare rounds with a relatively short burn
  time. The cartridges are light in weight and are contained in cardboard tubes with an aluminum base.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  IOF 38mm Flare
  38x133mm
  0.08 kg
  8
  B3/12K
  90
  $13
  Pindad 25.4mm Illuminating Cartridge
  Origin: Indonesia
  
  Notes: Designed for 25.4mm (1-inch) signal pistols, these cartridges will not work with their larger 26.5mm or 27mm cousins,
  despite the fact that the complete cartridge has a diameter of 27.2mm. The Pindad cartridges use aluminum casings with older-type
  Berdan primers, and instead of modern propellants use blackpowder to propel their flares. These cartridges fire red, white or green
  flares.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Pindad 25.4mm Flare
  25.4x57mm
  0.05 kg
  4
  B2/3K
  60
  $2
  DIO Hoshdar Multipurpose Pistol
  Origin: Iran
  Notes: These two signal pistols, the Hoshdar 1 and 2, are essentially identical in form and function except for their caliber and the
  resulting size. Both are described by the manufacturer as "multipurpose pistols," as they are able to fire riot-control munitions as
  well as signal cartridges. Like most such pistols, the Hoshdar is a break-open pistol, but has a rather large securing latch atop the
  device to ensure the breech stays shut. The Hoshdar has a rather short and narrow pistol grip and a trigger with a trigger safety
  that ensures that the trigger must be fully pulled to the rear of the trigger guard before it will fire.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Hoshdar 1
  26.5mm
  SS
  0.81 kg
  1
  2
  $194
  Hoshdar 2
  38mm
  SS
  0.95 kg
  2
  3
  $294
  Bernardelli PS-023 Signal Pistol
  Origin: Italy
  Notes: Sort of a rare caliber for a signal pistol, the PS-023 can fire any sort of 37mm pyrotechnic cartridge, including certain types
  of smoke rounds designed for larger grenade launchers used for riot-control purposes. The PS-023 is a simple device which
  breaks open for loading and unloading. Atop the device are prominent metal latches, one of which is used to latch the breech, and
  the other which is pulled to unlatch the breech. Other than the rather short barrel, it is a conventional sort of signal pistol.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  PS-023
  37mm
  SS
  1 kg
  1
  3
  $224
  SIMAD Signal Cartridges
  Origin: Italy
  Notes: These are two essentially similar shells, separated only by their caliber. They are star shells designed specifically for
  signaling. Each shell has a pair of star signals in an aluminum case sealed with a weatherproof disk at the bottom of the shell.
  Identification of color and type is possible with markings by day and indentations which can be felt at night. The SIMAD Cartridges
  come in white, red, green, and yellow. Though designed specifically for a US Navy contract for use with their standard Mod 8
  Signal Pistol, the 1.57-inch star shells can be used by any 40mm signal pistol; likewise, the 1-inch shells are designed specifically
  for the ubiquitous Very Pistol, but can be fired from any 26.5 or 27mm signal pistol.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  SIMAD 1.57" Star
  39.5x97.5mm
  0.08 kg
  7
  B2/10K
  80
  $11
  SIMAD 1" Star
  27x66.7mm
  0.05 kg
  5
  B1/6K
  80
  $3
  
  SIMA MGP-S2 Convertible Signal Pistol
  Origin: Peru
  Notes: Is it a signal pistol, or a survival pistol? Well, it’s both, really. The MGP-S2 appears to be a small but conventional signal
  pistol at first, but it has an unusual wrinkle – if one breaks open the barrel and then inserts a special drop-in barrel, it can also fire
  .38 Special revolver ammunition, converting it to a short-range survival pistol. The standard signal cartridge for the MGP-S2 is a
  small, 12-gauge flare (it cannot fire conventional 12-gauge ammunition). The drop-in barrel is simply inserted into the breech of the
  signal barrel, then an endcap is screwed onto the muzzle to lock the barrel in place. In either case, the MGP-S2 automatically
  ejects the spent casing once the breech is opened again. The barrel is locked shut during firing with a device derived from the
  Webley stirrup lock, after which the hammer must be cocked manually.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  MGP-S2
  12 Gauge (Flare); .38 Special (Pistol Barrel)
  SS
  0.59 kg + 0.2 kg Pistol Barrel
  1
  3
  $147
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  MGP-S2 Flare
  18.59x33mm
  0.03 kg
  3
  B1/4K
  50
  $1
  Weapon
  ROF
  Damage
  Pen
  Bulk
  SS
  Burst
  Range
  MGP-S2 (.38)
  SS
  2
  Nil
  1
  5
  Nil
  11
  SPSh-2
  Origin: Russia
  Notes: The SPSh-2 is a much-simplified (mostly for manufacturing purposes) version of the older LP-1, which is itself a close copy
  of a World War 2 Walther signal pistol. Most Eastern-Bloc signal pistols are also, to a greater or lesser degree, based on the
  SPSh-2. The SPSh-2 built primarily of steel stampings, and is a standard sort of break-open signal pistol. It is capable of firing both
  Eastern and Western 26.5mm and 27mm cartridges. The SPSh-2 has no trigger guard, only a trigger bar, but the device cannot be
  fired until the hammer is cocked and a safety switched is moved to the fire position. Until then, the trigger is recessed into the
  pistol grip and cannot be pulled. The hammer must be cocked and the trigger switched to fire before the barrel can be loaded, as
  the barrel release is at the bottom of the trigger bar – but the breech cannot be locked again until the hammer is forward again and
  the device set to safe again. Simpler for production, but more cumbersome in use. The SPSh-2 is no longer in production, but it
  was produced and exported in such large numbers, both to military and civilians, and it can still be found almost anywhere.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  SPSh-2
  26.65mm
  SS
  0.9 kg
  1
  2
  $238
  PG-431 Illuminating Rocket
  Origin: Russia
  Notes: This is similar to other such devices made by other countries, but much more powerful. The kick from this device is so great
  that Russian doctrine calls for the user to hold the PG-431 against the barrel with the end of the PG-431 braced against the
  handguard, set the butt in the ground, then launch it as a 45-degree angle instead of straight up. (It can be fired straight up or by
  hand, however.) The PG-431 deploys a flare that is said to be almost blinding if you look at it. Contained in a thin steel tube, the
  PG-431 is actuated by unscrewing the base, then pulling a lanyard with a pull-ring on it. A variant of the PG-431 is designed to
  warn of NBC attack; it fires a bright red star instead, and emits a piercing whistle for 9 seconds.
  Two other variations of the PG-431 also exist: a 40mm model with a longer flare-burn time, and a 50mm version with a two-stage
  rocket to greatly boost the flare’s maximum altitude. These two do not have NBC alarm versions.
  
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  PG-431 Flare
  30x225mm
  0.19 kg
  9
  B19/29K
  450
  $27
  PG-431 NBC Alarm
  30x225mm
  0.19 kg
  9
  B5/7K/1K
  450
  $20
  PG-431 Flare
  40x225mm
  0.25 kg
  20
  B12/19K
  300
  $32
  PG-431 Flare
  50x300mm
  0.31 kg
  30
  B19/29K
  1200
  $99
  CPI 1.5-Inch (38mm) Signal Cartridges
  Origin: Singapore
  Notes: Designed for use in most standard 38mm and 40mm signal pistols, these CPI Cartridges are star-signal shells (except for
  one) that use a brass case visible at a good distance. The red, green, and white cartridges are single signal stars, while the yellow
  cartridge is a flare.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  CPI 1.5" Star Shell
  39.7x100mm
  0.09 kg
  8
  B2/11K
  120
  $10
  CPI 1.5" Flare
  39.7x100mm
  0.09 kg
  8
  B4/22K
  120
  $10
  Swartklip 37mm Cartridges
  Origin: South Africa
  Notes: These are standard sorts of flare and star signal shells designed for firing from 37mm and 38mm signal pistols. The different
  types of cartridges can identified both by markings and by markings on the base. Star signals come in red, green, and yellow; the
  flare shell is a white illuminating flare. Cases are cardboard with brass end caps.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Swartklip 37mm Star
  Shell
  38.7x97mm
  0.12 kg
  6
  B2/10K
  100
  $10
  Swartklip 37mm Flare
  38.7x97mm
  0.12 kg
  6
  B4/20K
  100
  $10
  Swartklip 15mm Signal Cartridges
  Origin: South Africa
  Notes: These small flares are designed for the type of launcher often called a "pencil launcher;" in other words, a pen-gun-type
  launcher which is small and simple in operation. To use this device, one screws a flare cartridge onto the 15mm end of launcher
  (the flares are actually wider), cocks the launcher by pulling back the operating knob and locking it, and then pushing an injector-
  type of disc at the back end of the launcher to release the spring-loaded firing pin. The flares for the Swartklip launcher come in
  red, green, and white, and have both visual markings and tactile markings on the cartridge for identification. For the most part,
  construction is of plastic, except for two parts in the launcher and certain elements in the flares.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Swartklip 15mm Signal Launcher
  15mm
  SS
  0.12 kg
  0
  0
  $38
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  
  Swartklip 15mm Flare
  24x40mm
  0.1 kg
  6
  B2/8K
  100
  $2
  Swartklip Hand Rocket Flare
  Origin: South Africa
  Notes: This rocket-powered flare is designed primarily for battlefield illumination, but can also be used for signaling. Unlike most
  such hand-fired flares, the Swartklip Hand Rocket Flare is spin-stabilized to ensure a stable trajectory; this also allows for the use
  of a smaller rocket motor. The flare is easy to operate; one simply removes the end cap and a safety pin inside the cap, and a
  small trigger springs open on the side. When the trigger is pressed, the flare is fired with no delay. The high-intensity flare is
  parachute-suspended and has a relatively long burn time. (A training version is also available; this operates in the same manner,
  but fires a reduced-charge inert cartridge.)
  The Swartklip Hand Rocket Signal Flare is similar in form, but the opposite in intent – they are designed primarily for signaling with
  a secondary use as battlefield illumination. Operation is the same, and the rockets are spin-stabilized. Two versions of the Hand
  Rocket Signal Flare – the PARA, which is parachute suspended, and the STAR, which is not. The PARA comes in Red, green,
  yellow, and illumination (white). The STAR does not have an white version.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Swartklip Hand Rocket
  Flare
  48x267mm
  0.35 kg
  35
  B50/76K
  200
  $82
  Swartklip PARA (Red)
  48x267mm
  0.27 kg
  35
  B15/23K
  250
  $53
  Swartklip PARA (Green)
  48x267mm
  0.27 kg
  35
  B7/11K
  250
  $27
  Swartklip PARA
  (Yellow)
  48x267mm
  0.27 kg
  35
  B20/30K
  250
  $77
  Swartklip STAR (Red)
  48x267mm
  0.27 kg
  10
  B100/152K
  250
  $164
  Swartklip STAR (Green)
  48x267mm
  0.27 kg
  10
  B35/53K
  250
  $57
  Swartklip STAR (Yellow)
  48x267mm
  0.27 kg
  10
  B108/163K
  250
  $177
  EXPAL Red Parachute Flare
  Origin: Spain
  Notes: This hand-launched rocket-boosted flare is designed primarily for signaling, and is suspended on a parachute along with
  having a very long burn time. The rocket is gyroscopically stabilized, leading to a very accurate flight path. If the user is in the
  water, he can actuate the device and then throw it into the water, and the flare will right itself, float, and fire. The EXPAL red
  parachute flare has a launch delay of 2 seconds. The device’s tube is plastic as is the end cap; one removes the end cap, then
  pulls a cord at the bottom of the device to actuate it.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  EXPAL Red Parachute
  Flare
  45x245mm
  0.42 kg
  45
  B12/19K
  200
  $49
  EXPAL Red Hand Flare
  Origin: Spain
  Notes: This is a compact red flare projector, designed primarily for signaling. It is a compact plastic cylinder with an end cap, also
  
  of plastic. To actuate the flare, the end cap is removed, reversed and screwed back into the device (forming a hand hold), then the
  ignition ring is pulled. The EXPAL Red Hand Flare does not have any launching device; it is simply held in the hand. One should
  not simply throw it onto the ground if there is any dry materials around, as a fire will start almost immediately.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  EXPAL Red Hand Flare
  35x122mm
  0.11 kg
  45
  B6/7K
  N/A
  $10
  Helios Illumination Rocket
  Origin: Sweden
  Notes: This hand-fired rocket is designed primarily for battlefield illumination, and is very bright and intense. The flare is suspended
  on a parachute and has a long burn time. The Helios is contained inside a metal tube, and is fired by removing the end cap, bulling
  a safety ring, and then pushing the trigger lever.
  The Horizon is similar in concept and design, but is longer and more powerful, with a brighter flare. Internal construction is also
  somewhat different due to the more powerful booster rocket.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Helios
  45x270mm
  0.55 kg
  30
  B20/289K
  170
  $72
  Horizon
  45x400mm
  0.75 kg
  30
  B25/342K
  250
  $107
  Pains-Wessex Hand-Held Illumination Rocket
  Origin: UK
  Notes: Also produced under license by SME Ordnance of Malaysia, this rocket is designed primarily for battlefield illumination or
  search area illumination. These rockets are in common use by the British, US, and many countries worldwide, both by military and
  civilians. The rocket and payload are contained in a waterproof cardboard sleeve, and actuated by removal of the top and bottom
  caps and a safety pin. When the bottom cap is removed, a trigger lever is revealed, and a simple press fires the rocket. There is
  no delay. The resulting flare is suspended on a parachute.
  The Radasound and Radaflare rockets are similar in form and function, but the Radasound deploys five small packages of chaff
  instead of a flare. The Radaflare deploys four small packages of chaff and one red star signal. They can be used to indicate
  location to friendly radars, decoy enemy radars, and radar testing and calibration. The Burn Time indicates the time in minutes that
  the chaff will be visible on a typical radar; for the Radaflare, the first number is the star signal burnout (in seconds, as is normal)
  and the second the chaff visibility.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Pains-Wessex
  Illumination Rocket
  48x267mm
  0.35 kg
  30
  B40/61K
  300
  $41
  Pains-Wessex
  Radasound
  48x268mm
  0.35 kg
  19
  B0/10K
  300
  $41
  Pains-Wessex Radaflare
  48x268mm
  0.39 kg
  11/15
  Star:
  B3/11K;
  Chaff: B0/8K
  300
  $62
  Pains-Wessex Day/Night Distress Signal
  Origin: UK
  
  Notes: Not designed to be launched, this consists of a orange smoke dispenser for day use, and a red flare for night use. The
  device is contained in a plastic tube, with raised ribs identifying the flare end for identification in darkness. The signal is waterproof
  and floats until opened. One simply unscrews the appropriate end and pulls the ignition cord. The flare will light underwater if
  necessary. Both ends may be used, whether or not one end has already been used.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn
  Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Pains-Wessex
  Day/Night
  42.5x139mm
  0.23 kg
  18/20
  Smoke: C0 B4/3K; Flare B3/4K
  N/A
  $33
  Manroy Signal Pistols
  Origin: UK
  Notes: The Manroy Signal Pistol is built similar to the Very-type pistol, and is a standard sort of break-open device requiring the
  hammer to be cocked for the pistol to fire. Construction is generally of steel with plastic grip plates, and is otherwise of standard
  construction for such a device. The Manroy Signal Pistol comes in a 25mm version, generally used by civilians, and a 26.5mm
  version, generally used by the military.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Manroy Signal Pistol
  25mm
  SS
  0.82 kg
  1
  2
  $207
  Manroy Signal Pistol
  26.5mm
  SS
  0.87 kg
  1
  2
  $218
  Pains-Wessex 38mm Signaling System
  Origin: UK
  Notes: Not as complicated as it sounds, this is simply a signal pistol along with flares designed specifically for (but not restricted to)
  the same pistol. In addition, the Pains-Wessex 28mm Signal Pistol can fire any 37mm or 38mm signal cartridge. Construction is
  mostly of lightweight phosphated steel, with plastic grip plates. Under the pistol grip is a lanyard loop. Operation is similar to most
  such pistols – break it open and cock the hammer to fire the device. Unlike most such pistols, the barrel swings open to either side
  for loading instead of breaking from front to rear.
  The flares come in red, green, white, and a white flare that is designed specifically for battlefield illumination. They are contained in
  aluminum cases, with both visual markings and tactile markings.
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Pains-Wessex Signal Pistol
  38mm
  SS
  1.4 kg
  2
  2
  $294
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Pains-Wessex Flare (Red)
  38x70mm
  0.09 kg
  8
  B6/42K
  100
  $7
  Pains-Wessex Flare (Green)
  38x70mm
  0.09 kg
  8
  B3/25K
  100
  $4
  Pains-Wessex Flare (White)
  38x70mm
  0.09 kg
  8
  B6/42K
  100
  $7
  Pains-Wessex Flare
  (Illumination)
  38x70mm
  0.09 kg
  8
  B12/91K
  100
  $15
  Pains-Wessex Miniflare No 1 Mk 3 Kit
  
  Origin: UK
  Notes: The No 1 Mk 3 Kit consists of a pen-type launcher and eight small screw-on star signal cartridges. The kit is contained in a
  waterproof plastic case that seals watertight when the lid is closed. The star signals may be red, green, or white, and may be a mix
  of colors in one kit. Cartridges are aluminum-cased with threading on one end; the pen-gun-type firing device is of aluminum alloy
  with a threaded cup on one end. A simple trigger launches the flares.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Pains-Wessex Miniflare
  (Red/White)
  32.5x16.7mm
  0.02 kg
  7
  B2/2K
  100
  $1
  Pains-Wessex Miniflare
  (Green)
  32.5x16.7mm
  0.02 kg
  7
  B1/1K
  100
  $1
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  Pains-Wessex Miniflare Projector
  22mm
  SS
  0.02 kg; (Kit)
  0.22 kg
  0
  3
  $53; (Kit)
  $92
  Pains-Wessex 51mm Illuminating Rocket
  Origins: UK
  Notes: This device is designed to provide brilliant battlefield illumination with a decent illumination period. It is contained in an
  aluminum tube with an endcap revealing a pull cord. The Pains-Wessex 51mm is suspended on a parachute. There is a 2-second
  delay before firing.
  The Pains-Wessex 51mm can also be placed on a small tripod and ignited electrically. The tripod is 3.9 kilograms, but is preferred
  since the Pains-Wessex 51mm can produce quite a whomp of recoil when hand-held (it’s best steadied on the ground), and the
  placement on a tripod allows for a number of the devices to be set up and fired quickly when necessary. When electrically ignited,
  there is no launch delay, and the firing angle is 32 degrees.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  Pains-Wessex 51mm
  55x385mm
  1.02 kg
  30
  B60/228K
  250
  $153
  WDS Lightweight 57mm Signal Rocket Launcher
  Origin: UK
  Notes: The WDS (Wallop Defence Systems) Signal Rocket Launcher is not designed for hand-held use, and in fact cannot be
  used in such a manner. The rocket is fired from a reusable, folding, lightweight launching stand designed to be carried and used by
  one man. This stand has rudimentary sights and leveling bubbles, both of which glow for night use. A family of rockets are available
  for the WDS Launcher, including illumination flares, signal flares (red, green, or yellow), and a maroon flare with an audible signal
  (at 140 decibels). The rockets can be launched at a variety angles including straight up to as little as 30 degrees, and each rocket
  come in five different fuze versions to allow for different ranges and burst altitudes. (Note that these are not variable fuzes, and I
  have called these range bands below.) Ignition can be by a pull cord, electrical, or induction, and the rockets can be set in advance
  and fired singly or in groups from one igniter if electrical ignition is chosen.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  WDS 57mm Illumination Flare
  (Range Band 1)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  6
  B50/190K
  600
  $128
  
  WDS 57mm Illumination Flare
  (Range Band 2)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  9
  B50/190K
  800
  $171
  WDS 57mm Illumination Flare
  (Range Band 3)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  12
  B50/190K
  1000
  $214
  WDS 57mm Illumination Flare
  (Range Band 4)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  14
  B50/190K
  1200
  $257
  WDS 57mm Illumination Flare
  (Range Band 5)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  17
  B50/190K
  1800
  $386
  WDS 57mm Signal Flare
  (Range Band 1)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  6
  B13/48K
  600
  $64
  WDS 57mm Signal Flare
  (Range Band 2)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  9
  B13/48K
  800
  $86
  WDS 57mm Signal Flare
  (Range Band 3)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  12
  B13/48K
  1000
  $107
  WDS 57mm Signal Flare
  (Range Band 4)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  14
  B13/48K
  1200
  $129
  WDS 57mm Signal Flare
  (Range Band 5)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  17
  B13/48K
  1800
  $193
  WDS 57mm Audible Flare
  (Range Band 1)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  6
  B13/48K/3K
  600
  $80
  WDS 57mm Audible Flare
  (Range Band 2)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  9
  B13/48K/3K
  800
  $108
  WDS 57mm Audible Flare
  (Range Band 3)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  12
  B13/48K/3K
  1000
  $134
  WDS 57mm Audible Flare
  (Range Band 4)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  14
  B13/48K/3K
  1200
  $161
  WDS 57mm Audible Flare
  (Range Band 5)
  57x300mm
  1.8 kg
  17
  B13/48K/3K
  1800
  $241
  Device
  Caliber
  ROF
  Weight
  Bulk
  SS
  Price
  WDS Lightweight Launcher
  Device
  57mm
  ½
  2.5 kg
  3/5
  N/A
  $196
  38mm Colored Signal Cartridge
  Origin: Yugoslavia
  Notes: These are standard sorts of signal cartridges, firing a star signal. They are aluminum-cased and marked with both visual
  and tactile markings. They can be fired not only from signal pistols, but from 38mm grenade launchers.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  
  38mm Signal Cartridge
  (Red/White)
  38x80mm
  0.11 kg
  6
  B3/42K
  100
  $8
  38mm Signal Cartridge
  (Green)
  38x80mm
  0.11 kg
  6
  B2/27K
  100
  $7
  38mm Single-Star Illuminating Cartridge
  Origin: Yugoslavia
  Notes: The name of this cartridge is somewhat confusing, as it is a very bright star, designed for battlefield illumination. It is
  otherwise similar to the Colored Signal Cartridges above. A similar cartridge, the Triple-Star Illuminating Cartridge, is similar but
  emits three stars.
  Device
  Size
  Weight
  Burn Time
  Burst
  Altitude
  Price
  38mm Single-Star Illumination
  38x80mm
  0.12 kg
  6
  B6/91K
  80
  $13
  38mm Triple-Star Illumination
  38x90mm
  0.15 kg
  5
  B9/137K
  80
  $20
  
SOURCE: textdata/thevault/Twilight 2000/3rd party/pmulcahy.com Archives/Explosives/Twilight 2000 - Lighting and Signals.pdf