TEXT: The GM Challenge Compilation 
  © by individual authors
  
  The Opening Gambit
  by Chris Kutalik, Hill Cantons 
  Beedo of Dreams in the Lich House posted a survey piece that ended with the punchline that the ultimate X-factor in 
  tabletop rpgs is the creativity of the GM. Tearing down or building up that assertion itself could fill up several posts, but I 
  was taken more by a gauntlet he dropped in the resulting comments: “something I'd like to see more bloggers discuss is 
  their successful table techniques that translate into good games.”
  Active GM worth their salt are constantly honing up, mulling over, tearing apart, and obsessing around what makes or 
  breaks their home games. Why is the topic so under-represented in our writings? Why the strange disconnect?
  No wait, don't answer that.
  Instead, let's try and make good on poor Beedo's deathbed wish with the following challenge:
  1. Name three “best practices” you possess as a GM. What techniques do you think you excel at?
  2. What makes those techniques work? Why do they “pop”?
  3. How do you do it? What are the tricks you use? What replicable, nuts-and-bolts tips can you share?
  Your temptation will be to cheat; to name more than three or collapse them into a very generalized theme.
  Don't give in. Focusing on three very specific techniques makes the whole exercise more concrete, more potentially 
  portable to another GM.
  
  The Six Million Dollar GM: Faster, Stronger, Now With More Funions
  by Arkhein, Rather Gamey
  Everything important that I've learned about running a role playing game I discovered in the first few years of playing. 
   The remaining decades are just filled with me having to relearn these basic tenants because I've read gaming advice that 
  sounds good, but ultimately falls short.
  Now when I say YOU in the points below, I mean ME.  I'm talking to myself here, and the games that I play.  What works 
  for other people is different that what works for me.  You probably shouldn't even be reading this because it will screw up 
  your game.
  1. Stop fucking planning.
  Really dude, just stop it.  Being prepared is one thing, but sitting around, imagining what the players are going to do and 
  coming up with some sort of tree branch decision matrix outcome generation system is futile.  It's not going to be 
  exciting. 
  Let the players do whatever the hell they want and react to it on the fly.  Build the world each step of the way as the 
  players put their foot down on that particular patch of grass.  Sure, sketch out a map, imagine some dungeon ideas, flesh 
  out an npc - but never expect that the players will go to those lands, explore those dungeons, or meet those characters. 
   The players can't screw up your plans if you don't have any, and it's kind of rude to expect the very free-thinking players 
  that you want to be playing with to hop aboard your choo-choo train of railroadiness, no matter how grand it might play 
  out in your head.
  The best 'planning' for a game is to read lots of adventure fiction, ancient history books, geology texts, and Shakespeare. 
   Go watch Mythbusters and play with LEGOs.  Devour information and play games.  Feed your mind the building blocks 
  of world making so you can have the tools to build on the fly.
  2.  Don't you dare open that rulebook.
  Looking up monsters stat, equipment lists, or random tables is okay.  But don't waste anyone's time digging for rules 
  DURING A GAME.  If you can't remember it - it was obviously too complicated anyway. 
  Recently, one of my newer players had a character in the water, fighting a sewer kraken in 4e.  I told him that he was at a 
  negative two to hit. 
  "Is that in addition to the underwater combat modifications listed in the rules?"
  I chuckled.  "I don't remember what the 4e rules for underwater combat are, and I don't care.  You are at a negative 2. 
   Go."
  He looked like I was speaking Martian to him, but he continued.  Later he joined my Labyrinth Lord game as well, so 
  evidently the way I was running things wasn't too repulsive to him.
  3. Leave the damn dice alone.
  If you roll the dice, accept the result.  You asked the universe a question.  The universe gave you an answer.  Deal or don't 
  
  roll the dice in the first place.  The universe typically makes better decisions that you anyway, since, you know, it can't be 
  WRONG, so you might as well go with it.  And it works because I never feel guilty about cheating or short-changing the 
  players from the full 'gaming experience.
  
  Building the Better GM
  by Beedo, Dreams in the Lich House
  Make a Calendar
  A calendar implies that you're marking the passage of time - turns, hours, days, weeks, months.  You're tracking climate, 
  the weather.  On the macro level, have future events happening in the larger world that are tied to the calendar.  During 
  July, the border skirmish between Kingdom A and Kingdom B will erupt in war.  Nothing adds some basic verisimilitude 
  to the world like a calendar and a list of potential upcoming events and weather; the list is very easy to generate in 
  advance.  It's huge when sandboxing.
  Use a Progressive Descriptive Technique
  "In the room is a book case, with a number of shelves and volumes, and a large desk in the corner."  Keep initial 
  descriptions brief so the players can direct their own attention, instead of front-loading the exposition.  Hold back the fact 
  that the desk is a large roll-top Victorian style, locked, with initials "AS" carved in the front of the drawer - that's second 
  level stuff that's important when they go and investigate it closer.
  Never Fudge the Dice
  Use lots of random tables and accept the results specifically to spur creativity.  Instead of making the wandering 
  encounter in the Orc Woods have to be orcs, isn't it more interesting to use a random result (Halflings!) and then have to 
  quickly improvise why the group is encountering Halflings in the Orc Woods?
  NPC Back Stories are Irrelevant
  Instead of writing about NPC back stories, jot down or two quick things about their appearance, manner of speech, 
  physicality at the table, or favorite sayings.  NPCs need to "tell their story" in single servings.  Example:  you could write up 
  a long boring back story about the abused tavern wench that's 99% likely never going to come up, or you could just write 
  in her NPC description - 'look down at the table when this character speaks, don't make eye contact with any of the 
  players' and suddenly you have a much more interesting NPC.  Everyone's wondering what's wrong with her?
  
  On Being Forced Against Your Will
  by -C, Hack and Slash
  1) The most important thing you can do as any kind of game master or designer is to NOT REMOVE PLAYER AGENCY.
  Player agency is the single most important factor of a satisfying game.
  I should point out that games that have little player agency (Cosmic Encounter for instance) can be quite fun. What they 
  do not support is long term memorable campaigns. 
  What is player agency? Two things. Does the player have choices? and more importantly do those choices matter?
  Walking down the hall and popped by a trap? No player agency if the trap was just checked for by some roll the players 
  had no control over. Minimal player agency if the player could put points into a find traps/perception/spot skill. Great 
  player agency, if all traps are visible, and the players have to make choices on how to bypass the traps. Examples of how to 
  use player agency in play.
  Things that remove player agency. Fudging dice rolls. Using a magician's switch. Engaging in pallet shifting. [Editor's 
  Note: moving areas around in an adventuring locale to create the illusion of choice.]
  2) Remember that the point is to have fun. There are two key critical factors to this.
  A) Fun does not mean that everything goes the parties way - sometimes it means bad things (including TPK's) happen, 
  because things that are not guaranteed, like success, are important. And having the choice you make matter is fun.
  B) Pay attention to what your party is asking, and do not shut them down. Don't say no, explain what that's going to take 
  to do, or who they will have to talk with to find out what to do.
  Again for emphasis. 
  Don't Say No.
  Pay Attention to what your players are really asking for.
  Give them everything they ask for, and three things they don't. 
  3) Have some fun with the game. Ham up your NPC's. Speak in funny accents. Remember to not expect your players to 
  treat the NPC's like real people, but have them react like real people and comment on the craziness of the players. 
  Remember that all these comments are for entertainment value, to make everyone laugh, and enjoy the NPC - not be 
  difficult or obtuse for the sake of teaching lessons.Have them provide some post modern commentary on events.
  Have the NPC's have wildly differing character traits, like the Kuo-Toa, who are really cool, like frat dudes, who have 
  some non-specific plan for taking over the surface world. When the party attacks, they scream and ask, "BLUBWHHY 
  ARE-GARBLE YOU GUYS SUCH DICKS?!!"
  
  Beedo covered several important logistical things in his post - Describing the most important thing down to the least 
  important, and keeping things vague until they are examined. Track time.
  What is important to remember, is that the point is to have fun. If you find yourself ever trying to do anything next other 
  than make it more entertaining, then you're wrong for that. It is important never to forget you are guys hanging out in a 
  room, just because you're a DM, doesn't mean you're the boss of them - just responsible for their enjoyment.  
  
  Gauntlet Thrown, I Accept Your Challenge Sir
  by James C, A Dungeon Master's Tale 
  1.  I speak with my whole body when DMing.  I've read some opinions online in recent months and years regarding the 
  use of boxed text vs.  paraphrased text when running adventure modules.  While I see merits in both, recently I realized 
  that for me personally it made little difference whether I was reading or paraphrasing text, it could be equally engaging 
  and evocative or laborious and tedious depending on how well or badly it was presented.  What mattered most, of course, 
  was the delivery. The times when I was moving around a bit, emoting, pacing my speech like a good spoken performance 
  and treating it as such the game seemed better.  
  So recently I've been more consciously engaging the players with eye contact, standing up and throwing out my arms to 
  describe rooms or scenic vistas and that sort of thing.  Don't get me wrong, I'm not LARPing.  I don't do funny voices often 
  nor change my physicality much when taking on an NPC.  I don't fault anybody that does and appreciate those who can.  
  I'm just naturally more comfortable with a more detached voice as a DM.  The problem is that detached can easily morph 
  into dull.  
  There's a sweet-spot for me where I'm still the omniscient voice but I'm hopping up and out of my seat and waving my 
  arms to make a point or walking out from behind the screen to really get into it.  The non-verbal feedback form the 
  players is that they're less likely to be staring at a phone or having a side discussion.  This fool just stood up to demonstrate 
  how awkwardly the halfling climbed out of a barrel.  Way more interesting than this tweet or your story about the guy in 
  line at the liquor store is what I'm seeing.  If you don't do funny voices either, but feel your presentation is lacking some 
  pop, just start off by standing up the next time you describe something and see what happens.  Take it form there.
  2. I Prepare.  The party may go off on a wild tangent and me right along with them.  On a good night the players can't tell 
  that from whatever it was for which I was originally prepared.  To some people this seems like winging it, but in truth it 
  comes down to a broader preparation than just having the next 20 rooms statted out or an encounter table for the road 
  between Bumbfuck and Timbuctoo.  Know your world, know the beings in it.  If your world is a dungeon and a town, 
  know that.  If its a hex map 200 miles x 150 miles, then know that.  Et cetera, et cetera.  But before you do that, live a 
  little.  Read and learn and go do things and it'll all come that much more easily.  The more you've done, studied or seen the 
  better shot you've got in presenting a believable and interesting world to somebody else.  
  On the subject of living I say this:  If your game has gotten better than it was 10 or 20 years ago I would offer that this is 
  not a result of you grasping the rules any better.  Rather, you're an older, wiser and more seasoned human being.  So, take 
  everything you do from hiking through a rainstorm to negotiating a price on a used car to visiting a foreign country for 
  the first time to dealing with a shitty boss and file it away with D&D in mind.  Come back to it and use it as needed.  
  Further, if you're getting ready to create a city for campaign use, know something about cities.  You don't really need to 
  buy a city-based role-playing source book. Take a walk around the nearest city.  If that doesn't help, check a book out 
  from the library or hit the internet.  Need some rules on dungeon delving?  Read up on what real-life spelunkers do.  I 
  swear there's probably 40 hours of this kind of preparation, away from graph and hex paper and anything resembling an 
  RPG rule book, that goes into every playable hour of any game that I've ever run.  It's also stuff I'm doing anyway, really. 
  3.  I Resist Clutter.  I've found that it's a simple enough practice to explain, but much harder to execute.  But from my 
  experience the extent to which one can limit the amount of crap at the table, the smoother things run.  It's tough to draw 
  
  on the battle mat when you've got a bowl of chips and a plate of aged cheeses and finely seasoned meats (mmm..... meats) 
  in the way.  Clearly you want the snacks nearby (boy do I!), so figure out a way to keep them around without infringing 
  upon the game. 
  If you're like me, and if you read this blog I suspect that in some way you must be, then you're not running the game right 
  out of the box.  You've got a pile of notes, house-rules, stuff you downloaded, stuff you're borrowing from another game 
  entirely all potentially relevant on any given night.  If your playing space is outside of your home, like mine, than you 
  either need to lug all of this shit around or condense it somehow.  
  Even if lugging is an option, resist it.  Condense it.  Put it on a computer.  I find that using a computer at the table detracts 
  from the game and prevents me from doing a lot of #1 above, so I at least get it all into the same binder.  Also there's lots 
  of ways to make a pdf for free nowadays, so if you can get everything you need into one doc and hit the print button, you 
  don't need any hardware.  When I resume running a game again in the near future I'll be experimenting with the use of 
  an e-reader at the table.  I'm hoping that cuts down on the stacks of things I need to play given that they seem to handle 
  .pdfs better now.
  
  Table Rules
  by Peter, Dungeon Fantastic
  I've always, personally, had trouble staying on target and staying focused. I get distracted, pulled away by tangents, and 
  then fatigued. This just feeds into the lack of focus. Couple this with the usual player indecisiveness, Monty Python jokes, 
  and food/drink/bathroom/smoke breaks and you get a very disjointed session. So here is what I do.
  1) Everything you say is in character, unless it's obviously out of character. So, "I do 10 damage" is out of character, as is 
  "Peter, do you want a beer?" or "Hey, I think your PC is on fire." That sort of stuff. Everything else is in character. You need 
  to rigorously enforce it, although early on you can get away with NPCs acting shocked as if at a bad joke ("What is this 
  about coconut shells, sir? I only have horses . . . ") to nudge people back onto target. Rules questions that are on topic are 
  fine, but disruptive ones should be treated however you treat poor roleplaying. "Do I know if my healing power can heal 
  undead?" is fine, if the PC is faced with healing an undead. "Hey, if we were using Psi powers and I had a TL10 Psi Shield 
  helmet, would that stop a Brain Sucker from eating my brain?" is NOT, not in a TL3 DF game when you are fighting orcs. 
  Or even Brain Suckers.
  Results so far: This has worked out pretty well, although it only got used in a playtest session we used as a dry run for DF. 
  It helped keep people in character more, even if they are third-person ("My character draws his sword") instead of first 
  person ("I draw my sword") players.
  2) Table Music = In Play. When the background music starts, the game is in play. When it stops or is turned off, we are on 
  official break. During official breaks, nothing is in character. You can ask anything, discuss anything, go get a smoke, 
  order food, make Monty Python references. It's musical chairs - when the music stops, so does the game play.
  Results so far: This has worked out very well. The music - so far I've used classical or soundtrack music - provides a nice 
  background we can all easily talk over. But it's a constant aural reminder that we are in character and in play. Coupled 
  with official breaks whenever the action stops or it seems like people need it, this has worked wonders. I knew people 
  used music before but I saw my friend (and excellent GM) Ryan use this one. It exceeded my expectations in play, and it 
  wasn't just "continuous background noise" but rather a tool in play.
  3) Sit in the order of initiative. We go around the table in combat, so having people sit at the table in the order they play is 
  very easy. I go as all NPCs, then the PCs go in order.
  Results so far: This should work better than it does, but it does work. If you go clockwise, you know who goes before you 
  so you can damn well be ready to go next.
  
  Jumping on the Better GM Bandwagon
  by FrDave, Blood of Prokopious 
  My answers are going to be very specific to a style of play influenced by the rules and "genre" of earlier editions of D&D. 
  Whether or not they can be applied to any other rule set or genre is up to you.
  Premise: D&D is at its best when it is a pastiche, because that is where it originated.
  Therefore: My best campaigns and the best sessions I have within those campaigns are those that embrace, encourage and 
  enable that pastiche.
  Why: James over a Grognardia made two interesting observations about his experience at the OSRCon in Toronto. Firstly, 
  how comfortable it was for him to run a pair of Dwimmermount sessions. Secondly, how comfortable Ed Greenwood 
  seemed running his session in Forgotten Realms. This comfort in both cases comes from familiarity— Greenwood from 
  spending decades steeped in his creation and James from running a continuous campaign for a couple of years.
  For those of us who don't have the luxury of that kind of time or suffer from bouts of Gamer ADD, the best way to 
  simulate this familiarity is by filling our game worlds with the familiar — pastiche from all kinds of stories, movies and 
  genres. This familiarity breeds comfort, which breeds confidence, which is essential for creativity.
  Given this premise, here are three ways in which I embrace, encourage and enable pastiche in my games:
  1. Unapologetically steal ideas from everywhere. If an idea, story, image, movie, adventure module, trap, monster, 
  whatever inspires you USE IT. You will naturally put your own spin on it and by the time it emerges from 
  gameplay it will have transformed into something entirely new — but it will come from a familiar place that 
  allows you the confidence to own the idea. The fact that you liked it in the first place will just fuel the creative 
  fire.
  2. Allow your players to bring their creativity to the table. This is, in part, an extension of my first point — don't be 
  shy from using ideas that come from your players. If they come up with a theory for why something exists, 
  happened, etc. don't be shy about incorporating it in part or in whole. This allows players to participate in your 
  world and allows them to own it as much as you do. This, however, is only part of how to make players 
  comfortable and familiar with your world. If they expect gravity to work, allow gravity to work. If it doesn't, give 
  them a viable explanation as to why. What I mean by this is that if you have a giant system of gears that the 
  players want to sabotage by literally throwing a wrench into the works, allow the wrench to muck things up. If it 
  can't, give them viable cues as to why (there is a force field; the gears are made of stronger material than the 
  wrench, etc.). Don't be afraid to decide these things via caveat rather than a die roll.
  3. Finally, don't be afraid of genre-bending. One of the primary themes of the game is exploration. One of the best 
  ways to simulate this is by breaking genre. It helps bring about a sense of wonder. One of the most memorable 
  sessions I've ever played was on board a derelict space ship…in space. It also forces you to be creative in order to 
  justify how such a break in genre is possible.
  
  The Hill Cantons Challenge: Building a Better GM
  by Sir Larkins, RPG Corner
   
     
  Here is my constructive attempt to add to the conversation via my answers to the challenge:
  1. I'd have to say my three best practices as a GM are: preparation, pacing, and characterization. Of the three, I'd say I 
  excel at preparation (as explained below).
  2. When I talk about excelling at preparation, I'm not talking about statting up NPCs or writing detailed, plot-heavy 
  adventure notes, both of which I actually find a bit tiresome (although I'm working hard to change the former). In fact, 
  my adventure notes these days, whether adapting a published scenario or running one of my own, tend to be in the form 
  of tersely-worded bullet lists. When I talk about preparation, I'm talking about research. If the game is set in the real 
  world, I research the adventure locale and time period extensively. In a fantasy environment, I look for real world 
  analogues and weave them into the setting. But most of my games these days tend to be set in the real world or something 
  based very closely on it, partly due to my penchant for research. When I ran my Cthulhu San Francisco game, I had at my 
  side a 1924 California travel guide and a poster map reproduction of a map of the city circa the mid-1920s mounted in a 
  cheap frame. My players were very appreciative whenever I hoisted that map up to show them where things were 
  happening in relation to each other; it really gave them a sense of place. Players can also tell when you've done your 
  background research properly; it comes through in the game in many subtle ways.
  Pacing is something I worked on for years, and I'm quite satisfied with how I pace my games at this point: I always keep 
  one eye on the clock and make an effort to not only wrap things up on time but also in a satisfying manner. If that means 
  wrapping up an hour earlier than planned, so be it. If the scenario is finishing up that day, I make sure there's enough 
  time to handle after-game tidying up (skill checks, experience points, etc.). If I can tell we won't be able to finish the 
  scenario that session, I make sure we leave off at a suitably dramatic point (a cliffhanger, if I can at all swing it). 
  Of the three practices listed above, I personally feel that characterization is my weakest, but at the same time I have 
  received many compliments on how much my players love to hate my villains, or on managing to successfully run 
  multiple NPCs at once. I feel like my NPCs "pop" because I put some effort into differentiating them while simultaneously 
  not making it overly obvious at first which ones are the "plot NPCs" and which ones are there merely for local color.
  3. Getting a handle on pacing is partly a matter of knowing your group and how quickly they work. It doesn't take that 
  long to do this. I started a new group made up entirely of strangers back in February and by the third session I had an 
  excellent idea of how they worked together (which is quite quickly and efficiently, as it turned out!). Probably the best 
  advice I got on pacing came from John Tynes in an old Unknown Armies essay online (link long since lost, unfortunately). 
  He suggested watching movies, particularly thrillers and capers (I remember Heat was specifically called out), with an eye 
  towards how the director paces the scenes, alternating intense action with dialogue-heavy sequences. (GMing advice 
  really came into its own with the internet; some of the bet tips I've picked up have been from online sources.)
  The internet has, of course, also been a godsend for my preparation-related activities. As much as possible, I try and 
  prepare visual aides, and the internet is great for finding fodder. My Pendragon games are full of color printouts of 
  heraldry, armor, actors-as-NPCs, and maps, for example, all culled form the internet. When I run Call of Cthulhu, I go 
  out of my way to create "realistic" handouts: if there's a photograph-cum-clue, I find a suitable subject on sites like 
  Shorpy.com or the photo archives of major metropolitan libraries and then print it out on glossy photo paper; if a note is 
  
  supposed to be crumpled, I crumple the paper. Nothing too over-the-top, just enough to let the players' imaginations fill 
  in the gaps (good GMing advice in general, incidentally).
  I've always been a bit of a mimic, so my characterizations sometimes feature different voices. I don't go overboard with 
  this either, but if the PCs are talking to a Russian count, for example, I trot out my best Russian accent. Working on 
  mastering a broad range of believable accents is one of my great ongoing goals as a GM. For differentiating multiple NPCs 
  without resorting to cartoon accents, I can't recommend enough simply listening to audio books (available for free from 
  your local library). Just as you'd closely watch movies for their pacing, so too should you listen attentively to how the 
  reader gives each character a slightly different inflection. Listen also to how male readers read female characters and 
  vice-versa. Stephen Fry's readings of the Harry Potter series are particularly excellent. It doesn't take much to give an 
  individual NPC some vocal character and you certainly don't have to resort to hammy acting or cheap theatrics to do so.
  A couple other things to add from my GMing toolbox that don't fit the "big three" I came up with above but are definitely 
  worth mentioning:
  Accept the "iceberg theory" of GM prep: there will always be more going on behind the screen than the players ever see, 
  and that's a good thing. Having a few notes on an NPC's background, even if the players never find out about it, can help 
  you determine the NPC's motivations and actions in the moment.
  Random elements are your friend. In fact, the more randomness the better. It helps keep you from turning into a 
  railroader, and it's just plain fun. Don't forget the "G" part of "RPG": these are supposed to be games for everyone involved, 
  including the GM, and figuring out a way to integrate off-the-cuff random elements into your precious story is a 
  tremendously fun challenge that can open up possibilities you'd never previously thought of. It's one of the reasons I love 
  Pendragon so much: the trait and passion rolls can drive PCs and NPCs alike in completely surprising directions.
  Don't shy away from using published scenarios, but make them your own. There's a certain snobbishness, particularly in 
  OSR circles, about running your own material in preference to using modules or published adventures. The poor 
  reputation that published adventures enjoy, I suspect, comes from GMs who simply run them as-written, reading blocks 
  of text out loud, their noses buried in a book. As someone who, due to time constraints, more often than not will use a 
  published adventure if at all possible (it also helps that my two favorite games each boast repositories of literally dozens of 
  scenarios), I can firmly say that running someone else's stuff in no way need hamper your own creativity. Take the 
  published stuff and make it your own. Replace NPCs in the text with NPCs from your own campaign. Add or drop 
  encounters. Change place names. Change MacGuffins, motivations, and anything else you don't like. Don't simply read the 
  flavor text aloud; extemporize off the text the same way you would your own notes. Over the years I've observed that, 
  doing this, the players legitimately can't tell the difference between when I'm running a published scenario versus one of 
  my own devising.
  
  What Works for Me
  by Trollsmyth
  Three "best practices" and how they work, etc.
  1) Play Every Week.
  We play (almost) every week. Every Thursday is game day, and my group game plays. Yes, I make that commitment to the 
  game up-front, and I ask it of my players as well. We'll move stuff around on rare occasions when necessary, and cancel 
  for holidays, but otherwise, we play every week.
  This keeps the game fresh in everyone's minds. There's less fumbling around for what we were doing last time, and what 
  everyone's goals are. There are also fewer cancellations or arguments about scheduling; everyone knows that Thursday is 
  not open. We play, we play regularly, and we play for years.
  Sometimes I can't play with great folks because they can't make that kind of commitment. That sucks, but I think it's worth 
  it. Besides, I have a huge pool of players to pick from because...
  2) I play online, via text-chat.
  The entire world is my hobby shop. I've had players from as far away as Japan in my game. And no matter if I'm at home 
  in Texas or visiting family in New Jersey, if I can find access to the intrawebs, we can play. 
  More than that, however, is the depth of play you get in text chat. Verisimilitude is heightened not only by the engrained 
  habits of life-long readers, but also by access to everything that was said and done in character from the log files of 
  previous games. Players also find it a lot easier to speak and act in-character via text. It's not at all rare for players to 
  banter back-and-forth in-character in my text-chat games. Players interact with the world and the characters far more 
  than they do at the table. It's just easier to suspend disbelief.
  Understand that you also lose a lot playing this way. You lose body language and non-verbal ques and the way suddenly 
  rolling the dice behind your DM screen focuses everyone's attention. The game is also slower, which is why it's vital that 
  we play every week.
  But it's absolutely worth it, because it really allows me to leverage my writing skills. Descriptive passages, 
  characterization, mood and atmosphere are all much easier for me to conjure via text than I could at the table. 
  3) I play with topics that interest me.
  In junior high and starting in high school, I was obsessed with the Arthurian legends and kept trying to invest my D&D 
  games with that feel. I failed miserably.
  But I never lacked for players or for ideas.
  If you do it right, you'll be playing your new campaign for a long time, so it best be what you want to play, not what you 
  
  think (for whatever reason) you ought to play. Enthusiasm is infectious, it builds quickly under reinforcement, and can 
  weather criticism (especially of the constructive sort). "Ought-to" and "should" will just make the thankless task of GMing 
  an unmitigated burden. 
  These days, I'm most interested in pre-Roman ancient civilizations. Apparently, including terror birds was one of the 
  aspects that attracted Oddysey to my game. Be honest about your passions, and you'll be far more likely to find folks who 
  share them. 
  
  On Building a Better GM
  by R.W. Chandler, Black Hole Diaries
  It's hard to narrow it down to just 3 "best practices" really. In surveying my own thoughts on the issue, dozens of best 
  practices come to mind, however I'll try to stick to what I believe are the 3 most important.
  1. The game is not about you, it's about your players
  It's a hard truth to accept for many GMs. We all have our own philosophies on how the game should be played, but 
  ultimately, the only ones you really need to worry about impressing are your players. That is not to say that you fudge dice 
  rolls, or give into unreasonable player demands at the table. Rather it means keeping your focus on what the players want 
  to do in the game as opposed to what you would like to see them do.
  This especially rings true in preparation. There have been countless times when a GM has sat down with his players, 
  having prepared a nice little adventure for them, only to have them do something completely off the wall which derails all 
  that preparation. We hear about these things happening at the table all the time, and true enough, they happen at my 
  own. It's part of the game. You have to learn to roll with it, because it's never going to change as long as you believe in not 
  restricting player control over their characters.
  This is where the sandbox style really shines, however, because you are providing a world with which the players 
  interact, and the choices they make should always matter. Resist the urge to railroad players into certain situations. 
  Present the adventure hooks for them, and let them take it in the direction they choose. This is going to require 
  improvisation on your part as a GM, but if you're remotely considering sandbox style play, you must accept the fact that 
  you will likely be improvising...a lot.
  Make the world around your players a living and breathing thing. There are NPC motivations outside of what your 
  players are involved in at a given time. Their characters can't be everywhere all the time. Maybe they have a few options 
  in the beginning, but they won't know the results of their actions until things are played out. For example, they have 
  option 1, which is to raid a nearby set of ruins overrun with undead, or option 2, which after some investigation by the 
  players, results in their foil of an assassination attempt. If they pick option 1, don't forget about option 2, and let the 
  consequences of their choices take place. Let that major NPC get assassinated because the players didn't take that hook.
  Know your world, and write down notes on events surrounding it. These don't have to be detailed pages and tomes of 
  useless information that may never come up in play. Just a series of simple bullet style notes, preferably keeping it in line 
  with your campaign world calendar. Those particular events in which your players actively chose not to participate in, 
  should happen. The ones in which your players took the bait of a hook should be saved and the results determined by 
  their actions in the game. Doing this, they will quickly realize that their actions have consequences, and will respond 
  accordingly.
  Ultimately you want your players to have fun, and have a strong desire to return to the gaming table and continue. That's 
  what it's all about. If your players prefer detailed railroady storyline games over an open-ended sandbox style, then give 
  them what they want, or find a group of players whose play style fits more in line with your own. Don't force players 
  down a path they don't want to take in play style, because the results will often be complacency at best, or downright 
  apathy at worst.
  
  2. Stay Organized
  I am the most unorganized person you'll ever meet really. My organization skills in general entail trying to remember if I 
  laid that notebook under the bag of Doritos I've been working over, or with a bunch of other notebooks piled on top of my 
  printer. Still yet, I try my best to keep things organized when it comes to the RPGs I run.
  I can't stress enough how important it is to have a campaign notebook. For me, this typically means a traditional 3 ring 
  binder with dividers, document protectors, and various useful in-game documents. That said, your campaign notebook 
  can entail a number of different options. Find whatever is best for you, and run with it. If you can keep things organized 
  on a laptop, or on a site like Obsidian Portal, use those methods, but try your best to stay organized.
  So, how do I do it? As I said, I have a 3 ring binder I use, tabbed with document protectors. I have a section for maps, 
  random tables and charts specific to the area the players are in, and a section of notes for the game.
  I have stated above how important improvisation is in sandbox gameplay. I tend to use a lot of tables and charts which I 
  can quickly refer to in a jam. These include NPC name generator tables, inn and tavern name tables, random trap and 
  trick generators, etc. These are particularly handy because they allow you to focus your creative energies into important 
  stuff, like the game, rather than having to spend mental energy to find a clever name off the top of your head for a NPC or 
  location, which may end up sounding stupid (we've all been guilty.)
  In my maps section, I usually keep a handful of maps I have either made, or found online. There's usually a mixture of 
  both. Some of these mini-dungeon areas are keyed, while others aren't, but the idea is to whip one out in a jam when the 
  PCs go off the beaten path. This way I'm not completely caught off guard. I know, for example, in general where my 
  players are on my hex map before each session. I will then prepare a few maps and encounters for various locales in and 
  around those hexes. Nothing too fancy, just enough to give me something should they wander off from what I perceive to 
  be their goal at the time. Best of all, I can always use those maps in other areas later if need be.
  The notes section is probably the most important section of the notebook. I have a campaign log which I keep, an item 
  spreadsheet which lists who has what item, where they got it, if it's been identified and the items known and unknown 
  properties. I also keep a small chart to document xp to help me calculate everything at the end of a session.
  My campaign notebook is like my GM bible for the game. A good, well kept campaign notebook, will bail you out of sticky 
  situations, and just make life easier for you as a GM, which in turn, will make things better and more enjoyable for the 
  players.
  3. Don't over-prepare
  Don't spend too much time in preparation, and stick to things that will directly involve your PCs. Do you really need to 
  write up 3 or 4 paragraphs of notes on a temple or inn your players may never visit? Improvise many of these things. 
  Stick to what's important for the upcoming sessions. Yes, this can be, more or less, a fly by the seat of your pants method, 
  but that's the fun of the sandbox. You're discovering your world along with the players.
  When I start a new campaign, I like to take a hex map, key out several locations of interest, without detailing them too 
  
  much, a brief set of notes on major NPCs in the area, and their motivations, various secret groups and organizations, a 
  very brief overview of the political climate of the area, etc. These don't have to entail hours upon hours of needless 
  preparation. Just a few notes, allowing you to focus on really preparing the important stuff, like areas your players might 
  explore. Throwing up a few one page dungeons to get things going is a good idea.
  It's very easy to find yourself spending hours preparing for scenarios your players may never encounter. I've done it 
  myself, and in many ways, it's simply unavoidable, but try to limit the time and energy you spend on your campaign into 
  what directly involves your players in the current session. Trust me, some of the best moments at your table will come 
  through improvisation and just winging it. Just ensure you take good notes (or keep a campaign log as I mentioned in 
  point 2), so you can keep things organized.
  Some of these methods may work for you, some may not, and many of you are probably already implementing these 
  methods in some form in your own games anyway. There simply is no absolute best way to GM. It would be a pretty 
  boring world if that were the case. Still yet, we all have techniques and experiences to draw upon, which can make the 
  job of GMing easier if we actually take the time to read and learn from others. 
  
  Building a Better GM
  by Alex Schroeder
  Hm, thinking back on how other games are being run in the area, I think that first and foremost I am a good host.
  •
  I actually run as many games as I can manage instead of just talking about running a game. The worst way to 
  run a game is to not run it at all.
  •
  We have no kids that require our attention, my wife also likes to game, we have a big enough living room and a 
  nice gaming table. No matter how hard you try, it’s going to be harder if family members need to sleep, babies 
  need attention or the table is tiny.
  •
  I pick dates for months in advance, use Google Calendars and send friendly reminder emails. This takes energy 
  and discipline. If the weather on Sunday is damn hot and I’d rather go for a swim in the lake—no can do. I 
  promised to host and that’s that. I’ll try very hard to make it happen.
  •
  I try hard to resist changes to commitments made. If one player out of five can’t make it, that’s unfortunate. 
  Starting an email discussion discussing alternatives risks confusing and annoying everybody.
  •
  People will learn that I am dependable. I am a rock. When I am dependable, others will be as well. Avoid 
  uncertainty and doubt.
  When I was a teenager, a player told me that he loved my scenarios. There was always great scenery. These days, reading 
  about Planet Algol or Vornheim, I feel humbled and don’t feel like I can claim great creativity. But I can claim something 
  else: I improvise well.
  •
  When I returned to role-playing games in 2006 and to D&D 3.5 in particular, it did not take long for me to 
  realize that I desperately needed to save prep time. I decided that preparing one hour for a four hour session was 
  the most I was willing to invest.
  •
  Even if running D&D 3.5 or Pathfinder, I stick to this rule and make up the rest. I don’t fiddle with stats. I either 
  use a monster from the monster manual, or I make up plausible stats on the spot.
  •
  I don’t plan where the campaign will go, but I always have around five plots on hold waiting for the players. 
  Sometimes I’ll advance or end plots because by choosing to ignore the appropriate plot hooks my players are 
  telling me that they don’t want to pursue these plots.
  •
  I may not know where the campaign is going, but I have a pretty good idea of where it went in the past. I usually 
  maintain a Campaign Wiki for every campaign. This helps me remember stuff that happened and allows me to 
  improvise motivations, events and NPCs that fit into the greater picture. This also imbues past events with more 
  significance and helps the suspension of disbelief.
  •
  This last point warrants emphasizing. I may not prepare a lot before running a game, but I certainly will think 
  about it a lot after running a game. (I called it postparation in jest back in 2009.)
  •
  After six or ten sessions, you will need to prepare less and less, because you already prepared dungeons and 
  
  towns and hex maps for previous adventures. You can return to old locales, old acquaintances, old plots and keep 
  on adding detail. The lizard patrol you met is looking for the old lizard druid that you defeated a few sessions 
  ago. The sage you seek knows how to unlock the portal you saw a few sessions ago. The pasha tells you to fight 
  the blue dragon that took your magic items a few sessions ago.
  •
  I make sure my players have a map of the region. As they explore, they get to add new places and people to the 
  map. Having the map in front of them allows them to remember past events and makes it easy to point 
  somewhere and go back to places they have already seen and visit people they already met.
  •
  By picking up past events, places and people multiple times, the world seems to be rich and solid. I don’t have to 
  improvise all the time. Whatever I improvised, I will take note of it after the session.
  And lastly, I am very tolerant.
  •
  I am willing take a lot of shit before kicking people out of my games. I don’t want to suffer a lot before making 
  hard choices but I am often amazed at how long I am willing to make excuses for other people.
  •
  I will run games in German or English as required.
  •
  I will take the time to introduce people to the game at their own pace. I will make sure that more experience 
  players don’t push inexperienced players around and I will not be impatient. Instead, I will offer them two or 
  three smart moves to make when their turn comes up.
  •
  When I don’t understand how players behaved at the table, I talk it over with my wife. Seriously, getting an 
  outside perspective is important to me. Am I imagining things? Am I overreacting? I need to find a benevolent 
  explanation for what they said or did. I don’t want anger to build up.
  •
  I’m not good at confronting people. This is something I need to work on, maybe. Here in Switzerland confronting 
  people involves loosing face, even though everybody claims that this is what one should do.
  •
  I can handle all player types at my gaming table even if I have my preferences.
  •
  I am willing to use different rules. In fact, I am curious about different rules. I have tried D&D 4, Archipelago, 
  and everything in between. I am interested in all systems without having developed Gamer’s Attention Deficiency 
  Syndrome. (I try to keep system purchases down and rarely switch campaigns to different systems just because 
  something new and shiny has caught my eye.)
  •
  Be benevolent, understanding, patient, curious—and firm. Make it a point to work on your social skills.
  So, there you have it. I am a lousy encounter builder. I don’t use terrain a lot. In fact I like my combat to be very short. I 
  don’t like thieves, I don’t like traps. I spent a lot of time learning the D&D 3.5 rules and know them well, and yet I can’t 
  make character builds that rock in a min-max kind of way. I rarely do funny voices, my setting is vanilla fantasy of 
  the Wilderlands of High Fantasy sort. But the three practices that keep my games running are the following:
  1.  I am a good host.
  2.  I improvise well.
  3.  I am very tolerant.
  
  Being the Best GM Possible
  by Rob Conley, Bat in the Attic
  First I read books and watch movies. Both for enjoyment as well as keeping an eye on how they do things. Twenty years 
  ago, I gamed with a guy named Wes and we went to a couple of movies. He was a movie buff in addition to being a gamer 
  and he had a gift for explaining what was good and bad in a film. It was an eye-opener for me and I never looked at 
  movies in the same way again. Afterward I learned a lot of little bits that I incorporated into my game. Mostly dialog and 
  how two actors played off of each other. I also read lots of books and found them a great source of inspiration. 
  I do this to build up a bag of stuff in my head to pull out while running a game. A bigger bag of stuff means you have 
  more options for when the player talks to the tavern keeper, arrives at royal court, or just stumbles across a peasant's 
  hovel in the middle of the forest. 
  The key thing is to take some quiet time and organize things in your head. Think about a peasant, an orc, a kobold, etc and 
  then ask yourself a series of what if. There is no right answer and you don't need to be Star Trek's Data and have perfect 
  recall. Do it enough times it will come to you when you need it. This technique shares some ideas with that of the Memory 
  Palace. The best part is that you likely have much of what you need already due to being exposed to fantasy and other 
  genres over the years. 
  Another technique is to challenge yourself. Conventions are perfect for this. Run some situation, genre, or game that you 
  never done before. The idea isn't to change your style of play but to broaden your experience. By experiencing different 
  methods of roleplaying you will understand the ones you like better. With Google Plus gaming and the virtual tabletop 
  games there are more opportunities today than ever before to try different games at a convenient time. 
  For me it was playing and running a LARP game for over a decade. Writing and running adventures for LARPS is stifling. 
  It is because the physical logistics precludes the flexibility of locations, creatures, and items, that you have for tabletop. 
  Despite the limitations I learned to write fun adventures for LARPS and it helped my tabletop game immensely. 
  Another thing I did was run a dungeon adventure cold. All I had was the stats for the big bad guy, the map, and a general 
  idea that it was a coven of warlocks. I just made it up on the spot as the players went through the dungeon. Knowing that 
  it was a coven keep things from getting incoherent. 
  Also surprisingly running Tegal Manor. The sparseness of the description, (a room name and maybe a sentence or two) 
  has really forced me to reach deep into my bag of stuff to keep the game going. I always done it with my sandbox 
  campaigns but since Tegal is a funhouse dungeon it forced me to go outside of the things I done before. 
  On a different note, I been refereeing large groups of players at my Gold Star Anime games. One session I had ten players. 
  This is something I hadn't done since the early 80s so I had to relearn a few things. Once thing I did was figure out how to 
  keep individual initiative. Basically everybody roll for initiative. I roll once for each group of monsters. 
  In my games the DEX bonus gets added to the die. Fighter get to add their to hit bonus from their class. For monsters I add 
  1/2 hit dice. So I start at 10 and count my way down calling for anybody who has initiative at that number. I found this 
  works just as fast as doing single die initiative and going round robin around the table. 
  
  Split groups don't bother me, I just go round-robin between each group giving them 5 minutes at a time. 
  There is my How to Build a Fantasy Sandbox for preparing a campaign. 
  I always have players speak in first person when they speak as their characters. I find it helps immersion. 
  I do the funny voices, I also practice so I am pretty comfortable doing them. I understand it is not everybody cup of tea. 
  If you use miniatures, the best thing you do is take all the most commonly used items; beds, tables, orcs, guards, chests, 
  doors, etc and put them in an easily accessible box. I use foam lined bead trays bought from Wal-mart. 
  Plot in my campaign is a time-line of events that would occur if the players don't do anything. It gets changed (or not 
  changed) after every session to reflect what the PCs did (or not do). I have a roster of NPCs. The creativity comes from 
  deciding how the NPCs react to the PCs. 
  I try to sit down with each player and do a one on one session to develop their character background. Then incorporates 
  elements of that into the campaign's plot. I make sure there are as many potential benefits as there is potential 
  complications from doing this. 
  I have way more than the three Hill Canton asked for, I hope you find them useful. 
  
  Building a Better GM: A Challenge
  by Matt Jackson, Lapsus Calumni
  1. Name three “best practices” you possess as a GM. What techniques do you think you excel at?
  A) An idea. I always start with an idea. Stop. Think of one right now. What do YOU want to see in a game. There, got the 
  idea? Use it.
  This can be as elaborate as a multi-session complex idea to something seemingly almost too simple. I have ran great 
  games with ideas as simple as "I want a battle on a lake of fire" that panned out to be some of the best games I have ever 
  ran. How do I come up with these ideas? What works for me is classical music or a quiet moment to myself. At one time I 
  was running a weekly game and the evening of the game I would get in my car to drive home from work, put on classic 
  music, and poof! the ideas came to me. This would amount to my prep for the game. Now that I game mostly online, I 
  have to plan a tad more than that with usually a map or two, some tokens...this is actually the part of online games I 
  dislike the most.
  B) Know/Listen your players.  Know what they like, what they don't. I have a player in my current group that likes a little 
  crunch, I try to throw a little in there for him. Another player just has a crazy strange sense of humor (I'm looking at you 
  Keith), so when he gets his motor revving and has nutty ideas flowing, I roll with it. He enjoys it, that makes me enjoy it, 
  and everyone has a great time. This practice will also help with the one above. When you get to know your group well 
  enough you will be able to drop in bits that you know your players will HAVE to do. Got that player that just cannot pass 
  up the chance for some magic item? Mess with him. Drop in an item that appears to be a magic item but is perhaps 
  possessed, or hates his race, is a cursed item, etc. It will add to the table.
  The other side of that slash up there says "Listen" and this is important as well. I recently ran a game with a drug using 
  wizard and in the table chatter the player mentioned something about "giant mushrooms" as he passed a plowed field. In 
  the session I had some goblins that were going to be farmers, normal, plain jane farmers with crops. In a moment of 
  inspiration driven by listening to my players, I swapped out a normal agricultural crop for giant mushrooms. The same 
  player then cracked a witty joke about his character talking to the giant mushroom as if they were alive. So what did I do? 
  I had them snap to attention and follow his orders. The player later remarked that it shocked and amazed him and the 
  scene ended up being one of the most memorable from that game. I had not planned any of that, yet the players made it 
  one of the best parts of the game that night.
  C) Think fun and toss the rules to the side. One thing I have done since as long as I remember is that in a situation where I 
  cannot recall a rule, or there is no rule, I always wing it. I make a judgement on the spot that sounds decent to me and I 
  roll with it. Only a handful of times has a player ever objected (he soon left my table) to my rash decisions. I use this 
  thought process to bend rules so that massive fun can be had because that is why I am here. Not to memorize a tome of 
  rules, or a dozen feats, or a hundred spells. I am here for FUN. Period.
  2. What makes those techniques work? Why do they “pop”?
  Having the right group of players. I have a group now that I have gamed with over the last maybe three years or so, a few 
  of the players have been around much longer than that. We know each other fairly well, we get along, and we are all in it 
  for the fun of playing, the fun of telling a story, and heck, just having a good time.
  I guess I kind of explained above why these practices work for me, go back up there and read it. :P
  
  3. How do you do it? What are the tricks you use? What replicable, nuts-and-bolts tips can you share?
  The biggest thing I would say is know your group. Know why they are there and find a group whose goals for the evening 
  match yours. There is nothing worse than a crunch GM running a game for a bunch of story gamers, or vice versa.
  Do not plan too much, players like to mess with you as much as you like to mess with them, they will only ruin your 
  grand plans. Plan a little, have a general idea of where you want to. I used to say that a gaming session should be planned 
  this way: Know where starting point is and where the destination lies, but not how you got there. The players...good 
  players...will fill in the gaps for you if you have the right group and you know your players.
  
  The DM Challenge...
  by Dragolite, RPG: Rants and Raves
  1) Creativity.  I am a bit of a frustrated novelist.  I have another blog about it here if you wish to read that one as well.  
  However, I do know that I have some creativity.  It is one of a few compliments that I have received on my games.  I try to 
  focus on what will make this game fun and what might be exotic or interesting to the players and try to bring it in and 
  show them.  How do I do it?  Well, I read as much as I can.  I carry a notebook with me everywhere.  Not just to write 
  down ideas for stories, but for games as well.  Also, as much as some will comment that the medium is dying, TV and 
  movies are full of great ideas and not so great ideas.  Look at something that tickles the DM bell in your head and twist it 
  and turn it around.  Ponder on what will make this better.  And, ask the next question.
  2) Allow for a more free-flow game.  I have found that the more the players can seek out and do what they want, they will 
  enjoy it.  Have a story, yet don't ever railroad.  That is a mantra I think most good DMs have.  Let the PCs have some 
  freedom.  With freedom, comes action.  They will love the fact that they don't have to doggedly continue to go into the 
  dungeon time and again, getting to the point where it feels like punching a time card as they come in and sit down, ready 
  to grind through the next level of dungeon.
  3) Learn from your mistakes.  I think one thing I have learned in my ten plus years of gaming is try not to make the same 
  mistake.  (I know, I am still a newbie in many ways with only ten years of gaming and DMing under my belt, but write 
  what you know.)  Some of my first campaigns were dreadful.  Nothing but a linear point A to point B progression.  I 
  remember there was one game where the players, through a critical and the shouted out want to use a critical hit table, 
  decapitated my main NPC, my Baron Von Badass for lack of a better term (I suggest you look up Fear the Boot and listen to 
  some of their podcasts, they are free and funny!)  I was so stunned, I just closed up the book and said we are done.  And, I 
  walked away from the game.  I learned several things.  One of them is that you always need a plan B, and another is to 
  allow the players to kill that big bad.  Why?  Because and even bigger bad is always going to be out there somewhere.  
  And, since then I have made many many more mistakes.  And, I have learned from them all.
  I hope that this has been enlightening for you.  If not, no worries.  Either way, feedback would be great.
  
  The Better GM Challenge
  by morrisonmp, The Rhetorical Gamer
  Best Practices:
  1. Think about the game All The Time
  Now, I don’t mean by this that you obsess about the game, have no life, lose your job, etc. What I mean is, the game should 
  be percolating around in your brain all the time. If you think about the campaign once a week for the two hours right 
  before your session starts that week — well, what can you really hope to convey to your players that seems like you’ve 
  really thought about it? Going on a long car ride with your players? Ask them questions about the game and then don’t 
  talk, just listen and take mental notes. Sitting around watching football with other GMs? Talk to them about their games 
  and solicit stories, then just listen. Have a great idea for a scene between a PC and an NPC, write it down and then let it 
  rumble around in your brain. Think about what your NPCs are doing in between seeing the PCs, think about what’s going 
  on in the world, think about what makes the PCs tick so you can play to it and off of it. Think about the game all the time.
  This has the added bonus of building confidence. If you are brainstorming and thinking about the game — and talking to 
  your players about the game — then you have a better grasp of everything that’s going on when a session rolls around 
  and it’s time to play it out. Also, talking to your players about the game keeps them invested too… everyone likes to talk 
  about their character and the plans they have for that character. Lots of upside here.
  2. Have Fun Too.
  This may sound self-evident and even kinda stupid but I’ve run more than one bad game that basically came down to the 
  fact that I, as the GM, hated the game. Even if the players were having a decent time, I just wasn’t invested at all. So you 
  need to be honest about your play. If you are a GM who is never going to have fun running Deadlands, well, don’t run 
  Deadlands. If you absolutely love Gamma World but your players are never going to be willing to give it a try — then try 
  to compromise. Run D&D but homebrew up a world that’s fallen to a magical apocalypse and reflavor some of your 
  races… Maybe the Goliaths are actually a race of powerful Gorilla Men fighting to preserve their High Mountain Homes 
  from the encroaching Valley Princes in a world where a Dwarven Technology destroyed everything? You get the idea… 
  but it you aren’t having fun, the game suffers. It isn’t all about the GM’s fun — but you are at the table to play the game 
  too, so you deserve to at least share the fun. Some DMs who have the mindset to be Great GMs often forget that because 
  they care about their players. It’s a good trait, but if you never have fun, you’ll end up a bitter, burnt-out GM.
  3. Play to your own strengths (but keep growing)
  Related to number two, what I mean is, you probably already know the parts of the game you feel comfortable with — so 
  play to those things. If you are a great improviser, improvise. If you are good at funny voices, do that. If you are a 
  meticulous encounter builder, awesome. Focus on your strengths early in a game/campaign so that you can build comfort 
  and your players will see your confidence. But never lose sight of being better. If you hate, hate, hate, going “off-script” 
  because you are worried about what people will think? Try it a little bit each session — heck, most players won’t even 
  realize you’re off-script unless you tell them, so just relax and improvise a scene sometime. If it sucked, no big, just try 
  again later. Just like a quarterback with a safety valve, you can always dump off a pass to your tight end if you need too… 
  but if you never throw the deep ball, you’ll never be able to throw the deep ball. Terrible sports metaphor — that’s what 
  the preseason will do to you…
  So that’s my three, and I kinda wrapped up the answers to the other parts into my three pieces of advice — so hopefully 
  you’ll forgive me for not breaking it down more.
  
  I have one other point to jump on here before I leave. Some of the responses suggested that it is impossible to “teach” 
  DMing. That it’s a talent, you are either creative or not… Some folks seemed invested in the idea that you can’t give 
  DMing advice. I tend to think that attitude may stem from reading so-called GM advice of the sort I mentioned earlier — 
  but that’s my axe to grind, not yours so I’ll shut up about it.
  To those folks I say this — Talent is great, but you also have to hone it.
  Let me quote from one of the first fantasy stories I read as a nine-year old who was already hooked on D&D but was still 
  learning to love Fantasy…
  “I don’t understand it,” she whispered finally. “It — it was like my body wouldn’t do anything I told it to. My mind was 
  saying, ‘Do this! Do that! Do something!’ And my body just wasn’t connected. Sacherell –”
  Sacherell was well enough.” Coram yawned. “He’s a bit of a natural. Ye’re just not a natural with a sword, Master Alan. 
  Some are born to it, like me. I never knew aught else, and I never wanted to. Now some — some never learn the sword at 
  all, and they don’t survive their first real fight. And then there’s some –”
  “Yes?” Alanna asked, grasping at this straw. She was obviously not born to the sword, and she had no plans of dying in her 
  first fight.
  “Some learn the sword. They work all the extra minutes they have. They don’t let a piece of metal — or Aram Sklaw — 
  beat them.”
  –From, Alanna, the First Adventure, by Tamora Pierce.
  This message is repeated over and over again — go watch The Natural, with Robert Redford, or listen to any coach talk 
  about their best players… they all might have some talent, but they also watch the most tape, practice the hardest, and 
  devote themselves to their game.
  
  DMing Experience
  by RavenConspiracy, Drawings & Dragons
  DMing is the single most important aspect of our games - bad players might ruin games but a bad DM WILL ruin a game 
  everytime. 
  Prompted by THIS great post; here are things that (when I remember to abide by them) always help me DM. 
  1 - Prepare for the worst and embrace the best. 
  Be prepared (emotionally) for your players to ignore or even be absolutely annoyed by your favorite ideas. Understand 
  that your favorite NPCs will probably die like bitches at the hands of annoyed PCs. Learn to let go and move on fast. 
  On the other hand, sometimes things or NPCs you introduce will lodge in your players imaginations and they just won't 
  let it drop - be ready for this and run with it! Be open to what your players do (and also the wonderful surprises the dice 
  bring for that matter). These moments are pure DM gold! 
  Basically this is about understanding that your player's interest and affection for game elements must be earned, you can 
  never force them to like a certain thing and the more your force it on them the more they will be distracted and cause 
  "problems". 
  2 - Run a game you would LOVE to play in and carry this idea to every level of your game. 
  As often as possible, when you have the chance to make game decisions and interpretations, ask yourself, "If I was 
  PLAYING in my game, what would be the coolest thing to happen right now?" When I remember to do this it always 
  works - you will start running a game you LOVE - and some of that will rub off on your players for sure. 
  Oh, and remember that this rule is always useable in reaction to anything your players or the dice throw at you. 
  This especially includes the times when you players ruin or ignore one of your favorite ideas... say to yourself, "Ok... well, 
  what would be the coolest thing to happen NOW?" 
  This rule is about understanding how your ideas and NPCs work out in the real game space - get used to thinking hard 
  about what a player can or might do when confronted by this element or NPC -> Is it fun at all? Would you like to 
  encounter this as a player? What would your character do in this situation and would that be fun for you? 
  3 - Give special awards for cool/clever player actions... 
  BUT give out this award EVENLY to ALL players present. This builds amazing positive energy at the table and encourages 
  your players to build off of each other's ideas without having them worry or bicker about the credit and rewards falling 
  on someone else. It also rewards all kinds of players - remember that the creative spotlight hogging guy is nothing 
  without the straight-men at the table. This has done wonders for my games especially when certain players split up and 
  the thief for example steals something and I say, "Ok, everyone gets 200xp," everyone cheers and behaves more patiently 
  when the spotlight is not on them. 
  
  Building a Better GM
  by David, Tower of the Archmage
  1. Be prepared. I’m not talking about knowing the rules, or having read through the module you’re going to run, that’s a 
  given. I’m talking about being ready for when things go wrong. For example in my last session the players managed to 
  take out a dragon in 2 rounds, making what should have been the big tense fight of the night into something that was at 
  once awesome, and yet a bit of a let down. “Dragon” is half the name of the game! It shouldn’t be a 2 round encounter. 
  Just... no!
  But it happened.
  We moved on, and they still got a big boss fight before we wrapped up for the night. Because of they way things went 
  earlier I had an encounter that they skipped that I tweaked on the fly to beef it up a bit, and I dropped on them. It was 
  everything the dragon encounter could have been.
  Things are not going to go according to plan. Be prepared, mentally, to go with it.
  2. Ham it up. This is Dungeons and Dragons, not Lord of the Rings. You are not a professional actor or writer of works of 
  literary genius, you are a DM. Use funny voices, odd speech patterns, hats, props, and your hands. You don’t have to be 
  (or even just look) crazy, but put some life into it. It’ll get your pulse going, which will get you more into the game. This 
  will spread to your players, even if they don’t get in on the act. My players are almost pure 3rd person when it comes to 
  their characters, but I can tell they respond better when I get into it.
  3. Provide options and back doors. This goes back to point 1 - Your players are not following a script, and they especially 
  aren’t following your script! Be sure that if you give them a situation that they can get into, they you give them a way out. 
  I’m not talking about a free pass, but if you stick them in a room without any doors, windows, or anything else, no one is 
  going to have any fun. Give them a door, but make it cost whoever opens it. If they’ve been stupid, maybe it costs a hand. 
  Who’s going to sacrifice a hand to let everyone out?
  W
  
  A Challenge: Building a Better GM
  by Grendelwulf, Axe and Hammer
  Name three “best practices” you possess as a GM. What techniques do you think you excel at?
  1. I like to teach. The game exists to provide entertainment on an ongoing basis. It is specifically aimed at a group of 
  players to interpret the campaign and bring it to life. I endeavor to present my prepared game material in such a way that 
  every player can learn and understand quickly. I try to keep it simple. Explain it, but keep it short and to the point. I find 
  most players want to learn but they want to use what they have learned. If I ramble on and on or am difficult to 
  understand, the players will start to tune me out ... and very likely miss out on information that is offered during play.
  2. I like to learn. The game is constantly undergoing modification through game master and player interaction.  My 
  players are free-willed and always have a multitude of choices from which to proceed. Anything can happen. I cannot 
  and will not preordain how the events in my campaign will unfold. My games are flexible and are subject directly to and 
  indirectly by the preferences and actions of the players and the PCs. 
  3. I am the Game Master. I do my best to remain disinterested while retaining my power as final arbiter. It is a part of my 
  role as game master to challenge the players and their PCs. To do less would only lead to boredom, chaos, and the 
  eventual end of our enjoyment of the game. I am not the players' adversary. I am not a "Killer-GM". I simply like to present 
  them with the joy of a challenge. Nothing too easy (at least, not actually if it may seem so), and nothing 
  absolutely invincible (yet knowing when to run away and return when one is more readily prepared is also something 
  which must be learned). I always allow for a chance at success, even when it may not be one I have anticipated or 
  foreseen, as long as the players willingly and enthusiastically confront all the challenges that have been placed before 
  their characters. They have seldom failed to surprise me. 
  What makes those techniques work? Why do they “pop”?
  I believe these "pop" with my players because they know I respect them. They know I will not give them easy answers and 
  paint a wide, yellow-bricked road for their PCs to follow. They are able to attempt anything they can imagine, within the 
  realm of the game system we are using, and know they can expect absolute fairness from me. They may succeed or fail by 
  their actions. They know I will not "hold their hands" and I am not "out to just kill their PCs".
  How do you do it? What are the tricks you use? What replicable, nuts-and-bolts tips can you share?
  I just do it. Play honestly. There are no tricks. 
  Okay, as it has been previously said (particularly in the comments of the challenge post at Hill Cantons), one cannot teach 
  Creative Force. What works for one gaming group may not necessarily work for another. However, this does not mean 
  that a game master cannot learn anything from another. 
  What tricks do I use? Is preparation a trick? Is research a trick? I have a love of many authors and their works. Likewise, I 
  have enjoyed many other forms of media: comic books, movies, musicals, operas, etc. 
  All of these experiences have given me something to use in my games. For example, I have a veritable cast of 
  
  thousands to choose from whenever I create NPCs. How such characters are presented to players is very, very important 
  for the "believability" factor. If you make a cardboard cutout Dudley Do-Right or Snidely Whiplash, the players are going 
  to treat them as such: ridiculous parodies. Unless the game system you are using demands the use of such constructs, they 
  can certainly shake serious players out of the "atmosphere" of the campaign you are all building.
  Be attentive to your players themselves. What books, music, movies, etc. do they like? If you are using a game system 
  that already reflects the type of environment given in those forms of media, your work is only partially done. You then 
  have to keep it from being boring, as some overly popular genres can become. If you are using a system unlike what they 
  find enjoyable, then you must think of ways to incorporate aspects of them into your game. Take it down to the nuts and 
  bolts. Is it just action/adventure of any kind, or does it have to be fantasy, or superheroes, or sci-fi?
  Some players like hack and slay. Some players prefer the mind-bending challenges of tricks and traps. Some players just 
  want to role-play a tale of unending heroism against all of the dark twisted forces of chaos to free the world so that peace 
  and beauty may reign forever. Then again, sometimes you get players who like to experience all of these (oh, the horror. 
  The horror). The better game master must know when and how to balance these desires. 
  The more all of you game together, the better game master will be taking note of how the players and their PCs react 
  when confronted with certain situations. The players will also be seeing how you, the game master, playout these 
  situations. Are you running all of the NPC barkeeps with the same accent? Do the city guards always behave the same 
  way towards the PCs?) Do your players say things like, "Oh, here's another guy we have to bribe for information...", etc. 
  The players will also see if you are in the habit of bending the rules, whether it be in their favor or against them. Don't do 
  it! Be consistent. Sure, new players may grumble at first, but so long as they see you treating everyone fairly it will cause 
  less distraction in the game. 
  Be creative. Do the unexpected! Prepared modules are fine if you need them, but be ready to take them and twist them 
  and turn them into something entirely new at the roll of the dice. In fact, nowadays, it is entirely possible for your players 
  to access many of the same gaming modules you yourself may have been preparing. Think of ways to roll "outside the 
  box". Your players will thank you for it later. 
  
  Adventure Game Mastering
  by Stuart, Strange Magic 
  Here are the 3 things I think make a good GM and which I try and keep in mind when running a game. 
  Fair Play
  As a Game Master you may also have written the scenario, but that's not your job as the game master during the session. 
  Once the game starts you should try and be as impartial as possible acting more as a referee than "omnipotent benevolent 
  dictatorial storyteller". If you are leaving something to chance, then roll the dice in the open so everyone can see it was left 
  to chance. If you aren't leaving it to chance - just say so. Don't change the statistics for the monsters, locations of the 
  rooms, or add / remove elements to "keep things interesting". If you are using a map and key, let the players know that. If 
  you aren't using a pre-generated scenario… let them know that too. It might change what the players spend their time on, 
  and it's only fair they aren't wasting their time.
  Meaningful Choices
  The second best practice is making sure the choices the players are presented with make a difference. Don't ask them if 
  they order beer or ale in the Inn if it doesn't make any difference to anything in the game. Don't ask them if they go to the 
  West or East if you intend them to encounter the Evil Wizard regardless of which door they choose. Rather than railroad 
  your players or present them with false choicesjust narrate whatever you need to setup the scenario and then give them 
  real freedom around the choices they make from that point on.
  Adventure Roleplaying
  Of course fairness and meaningful choices might not be important if you're running a game about improvisational acting 
  or storytelling, or a game where the adventure is just the fluff between the "fun" of detailed tactical miniatures combat. 
  However if the game is about theadventure itself then you should also be making sure there is a balance between the 
  different things that make up an adventure. Tactics and deep in-character acting should only be a small part of that while 
  exploration, mystery and solving a variety of problems they encounter along the way becomes the focus.
  GM Merit Badges
  What would be great is if GMs had merit badge style indicators of not only what they thought they did well, but also their 
  general philosophy around how to run a game. Knowing two GMs are both running games of D&D is less important (for 
  me anyway) than knowing that one believes in letting the dice fall where they may, while the other believes the dice 
  shouldn't get in the way of telling fun stories with interesting and long-term characters. Even if you'd be happy to play in 
  both games it would be good to know this stuff ahead of time. 
  
  Being a Better DM: Blair's Version
  by Blair, Planet Algol
   
  1) Read Jack Vance.
  2) MASH - Keep the game moving; keep things fast. Make up a ruling on the spot instead of wasting everybody's time 
  looking stuff up and heming and hawing. Get the viking hat on and steamroller the game forward. If there's a rules 
  lawyer or whiner in your group that's cramping your style, '86 them. If a player isn't paying attention or listening and 
  keeps holding up the game let them know that you're always right, to get their shit together, and MASH on through/over 
  them. If someone is holding up the start of the game while fussing over naming their character or buying equipment have 
  everybody at the table STARE at them and let them know that they're being an asshole. 
  To quote from Savage Worlds, Fast Furious and Fun. I persecute and harass and implement punitive houserules to get the 
  players to the sessions by a reasonable time. A guy who plays in a buddy's game keeps hinting that he'd like to play in my 
  game; he always show's up to my buddy's game hours after everyone else, there's no way I'm going to put up with that 
  crap! I wasn't happy to do this, but I had to ask a friend to leave my game because he couldn't keep up with the other 
  players. It was nothing personal, but he was holding up the game and I MASH.
  3) Be Unmerciful. You forgot to buy torches and you got seperated from the party? Well, I guess you're fucked. Nobody 
  wrote down the 5,000 gp gem? Well I guess it was lost. You didn't write down your XP from last session? Well I guess 
  you'll remember next time. The dice say your favorite PC just ate it? Well I guess this is goodbye. You rolled a crap set of 
  ability scores? So did I for my Red Box Vancouver character, and that PC is one of my favorite characters; deal with it. The 
  point isn't to be a dick, the point is so that people are engaged, pay attention, hustle, and have to be so in order for their 
  PCs to survive and thrive.
  Believe me, when I'm DMing I'm a combination of Nethack, Captain Bligh, Larry David and Kali. I revel in mayhem, 
  confusion, and horrendous death. But I don't do it to be a jerk or fuck over players; I do it because I love my players and I 
  love my game, and have too much respect for both of them to play kindergarten softball. This isn't World of Warcraft, this 
  isn't T-ball, this isn't Chutes and Ladders; this is Dungeons and fucking Dragons, so you damn well better hustle and 
  sweat and think and pay attention in order to keep your character's head above water blood.
  
  DM Best Practices
  by Telecanter, Telecanter's Receiving Rules
  Here are some practices I don't think anyone mentioned yet and that I think are essential to my game and that I'm good at:
  1 Describe Combat
  For old school play the randomness of the dice is essential but sometimes puzzling.  It's your job as DM to meld these into 
  some sort of sense.  Especially in combats.  You are in the best position to do this because, unlike players, you have to pay 
  attention to what everyone is doing, you have a sense of what the monsters look and act like, and you have a sense of what 
  tone you want to give players (isolation, desperation, victory).  So, I do these things:
  •
  describe hits and misses for both sides
  •
  every few hits/misses back up and reiterate what has happened
  •
  leave critical hits and misses to my own judgement (no charts) so I can come up with whatever ridiculous or 
  awesome things fits the context
  •
  if players make a great suggestion run with it as always
  •
  I learned to elicit some description from players by being DMed by Tavis, but I don't want to put too much of a 
  burden on them and (for the reasons above) I'm usually better equipped to evoke the scene as a whole.  I do try to 
  ask spell casters what their spells look like because a) that seems very personal, and b) I can reuse that over and 
  over with slowing the game down waiting for a player to be creative.
  This isn't just for combat either-- missed saves, made saves, reaction rolls, morale rolls-- you are the interpreter 
  of the randomness of the dice. 
  2 Don't Worry about Time
  The single thing that kept me from DMing for years was worrying about how to keep track of rounds, and when 
  to roll for wandering monsters, and when a torch will go out, etc.  But I remember now, watching Tarzan movies 
  on TV and trying to see if I could hold my breath as long as he could.  Invariably, there would be a cut to a 
  commercial, a cut to a scene happening elsewhere, a flashback, whatever.  Tarzan underwater time was not 
  literal time, we, the audience could forget about it to focus on something else for a bit and then be reminded of it 
  with dramatic music and underwater closeups.  My D&D is just like that.  It isn't a simulation.  Time is 
  emotional.  Time is narrative.  Some specifics:
  •
  If I forget to roll for wandering monsters then other interesting things were most likely happening and it isn't a 
  big deal.
  •
  If I suddenly remember, "Hey, it's been a while since I rolled for encounters," then there is either a lull in action 
  or, more likely, players are dithering about what to do next.  A fight to remind them of the danger of the 
  underworld is just what's needed.
  •
  If there's a dramatic time for a torch to go out, a spell duration to run out,especially if players mention it, then I 
  might roll to see if that does happen.
  •
  Now I realize that players need info to make decisions and I am always striving to come up with simple systems 
  that will, for example, give them a better sense of when their torch will go out.  But for now this works and quite 
  well: fast paced, tense and dramatic. 
  3 Try to Engage All Your Players
  I don't see myself as a distant arbiter of rules, a neutral judge.  I'm there to have fun and see everyone else having 
  
  fun.  The rowdy, confident folks that turn out to be natural party leaders are not a problem.  It's the person 
  visiting and playing for the first time, the shy person, or even the person tired from work.  So here are some 
  things I try to do:
  •
  I ask folks being quiet to roll initiative for the party
  •
  I ask quiet folks what they are doing.  To make sure they aren't talked over and forgotten.
  •
  I'll have characters with little to do (the 1 hp MU who's cast his spell) make rolls for hirelings or npcs in combat
  •
  If I roll a wandering monster I tell the quiet person that they hear something
  •
  I give one session visitors a perk and try to make them essential to the session
  •
  I try to make sure the players know their options "What was the spell you memorized PlayerNoobie?  Oh, you're 
  saving it, cool, cool."
  In a nutshell, the last thing I want to see is a player huddling in a corner of the couch, quiet and bewildered.
  Here is a fourth for good measure:
  4 Don't Worry About the 4th Wall
  If breaking it is fun, do it.  This I learned from Jeff Reints.  My hireling traits chart can result in some real doozies: 
  hirelings with no feet, bearded women, slobs and pervs.  It turns out players quite enjoy rolling to see the results.  So, I let 
  them do that during the session when they get hirelings.  Other mechanics like pulling Jenga blocks or rolling a big d30 
  or whatever, if it adds choices, adds excitement, adds fun it gets added.  I don't worry so much about ruining the player's 
  sense of disbelief.  The right mechanic will oddly make them more engaged. This all works better if you subscribe to my 
  rule 1, because I will rewind a little and then narrate what the result of the goofy mechanic means in the game world, and 
  this probably goes a long way to re-immersing everyone present in the shared daydream.
  Other than that I'm not sure I have specific points for this practice. 
  
  GM Challenge Best Practices
  by Tsojcanth, Lost Papers of Tsojcanth
  Ckutalik over at the Hill Cantons asked every GM’s three best practices. I wrote an almost answer years ago because, you 
  know, I can see the future.  But I want to give better answers this time around, and the. Or try at least.
  1. Strip mine your surroundings for ideas and turn them into archetypical subverted caricatures: I really really like 
  creating NPCs out of people by making them a subverted caricature of the original to make them into a different 
  entity. The same can be done with anything else: places, events, items. Caricatures magnify what’s important 
  about the entity but the subversion gives it deeper, interesting shades. For example: I need a merchant city, so I 
  pick Dunbarton, put it in the middle of Genoa and make it ruled by a never-seen immortal queen and her secret 
  police. When I needed a shady broker I took my dad (a salesman) and gave him a gang of thugs. My demihuman 
  races have Italian regional accents, but have magnified idiosyncrasies (my halflings are more halflingish than 
  yours, and speak Sicilian). Filthy Phil (a really stinky ragman and garbage-sifter in my current setting) is inspired 
  to… well, I like dumpster diving (the best stuff you can get is free). The beautiful thing is that you can do this on 
  the fly in games: players usually are fascinated by deep NPCs and they think deep NPCs must be important hence 
  worth their time: oftentimes they just like them, especially if you play gonzoish adventures. Which gives me 
  enough time to actually link them with the rest of the setting in (you guess it) subverted caricatures of existing 
  relationships.
  2. Evolutionary game elements rock: the reasoning is that of the 10 campaign elements (npcs, odd objects, etc) you 
  introduced in the last settings, players will pursue maybe 2. They will pursue the most interesting, because they 
  don’t care about the others. So if you improvise you can just come up with a good/boring element ratio of 1/4, the 
  players will kill the bad ideas by not caring about them. The morale is: stop fretting about the quality of your 
  improv, just care about players’ feedback. If you only come up with amazing ideas, the players will pick only the 
  most interesting so, instead of having gold and platinum in your game, you’ll have only platinum. Of course this 
  works only if you are not a control-freak railroader. There is only trying, diversity is king, survival of the most 
  adaptable and so on.
  3. Play with your players: the game is yours, but players live in it. I suppose you don’t hate them, so your goal is to 
  have fun with them, not at their expenses. I’m not saying to indulge in monty haulism, but if you have a choice 
  between doing what you want and doing something that your players find interesting (and doesn’t irk you), go 
  for the second one: players will feel engaged (read point 2 above) and they will steer the game for a while, giving 
  you overworked GM time for thinking about other stuff. It works best when a player goes like “I wonder if Mr X 
  is obsessed with orchids because of an ex lover or something” and you apply point 2 and yeah, it’s because his 
  mom loved them and he has an Oedipus complex. If your bud Dan feels super-good when his PC saves a young 
  girl and gets closely but not necessarily sexually involved with her, you have a major player driver in your 
  arsenal that you can use every time without fault: remember to apply subversion from point 2 above to keep 
  things different. More in general, Intuitive Continuity works extremely well, if you don’t need to have your ego 
  fed at every step of the game.
  In general, I favor player centered design: it works with software, why not for D&D?
  
  Jury Duty (Better GM Techniques) 
  by JB, B/X Blackrazor
  I'm not sure I can provide specific nuts-and-bolts technique for each of these, but I'll talk about each and how I attempt to 
  do it. As with any art form, practice helps.
  Know the Rules: For a traditional RPG like Dungeons & Dragons, the GM is God, Jesus, and Umpire all in one. It doesn't 
  help anyone do anything if you don't know how to play the damn game. Players want to sit down and play...their level of 
  interest in knowing the nuts-and-bolts of the game mechanics will vary; some will want the knowledge to "game the 
  system" (optimize in-game effectiveness), some will just want to know what dice to roll when (and some won't even care 
  to know that much). Regardless of player knowledge, YOU as GM must know how the game runs, backwards and 
  forwards. If there are tables and obscure rules and such that you can't be bothered to memorize, you should still be able to 
  find this info quickly in the book and have a good basic grasp of the game play. If you're lost, you can't run an enjoyable 
  game; it doesn't matter how creative you are!
  "GAME" is the operative word in that last sentence...you can still run a collaborative story-telling session, or narrate 
  players down your particular linear ego-trip. But if you want an interactive game, then you have to have rules, and the 
  GM is final referee and arbiter of these rules.
  Knowing the rules of the game allow you to be an effective judge and referee; it allows you to be an effective teacher of 
  the game and mentor to the players. It allows you to be consistent in your presentation of the game which, in the final 
  analysis, is the closest thing we ever get to "fairness" and "game balance."
  Finally, knowing the rules, being a subject matter expert on the game, gives you the freedom to move onto other 
  issues...like #2 (Encourage Role-Playing) and #3 (Balance Hard & Soft) listed above.
  Encourage Role-Playing: I'll be blunt here: if you're running a role-playing game, you have a responsibility to encourage 
  role-playing...no ifs, ands, or buts about it. Real role-playing (imagining yourself in the role of your character, making 
  your character's interests your own) is the main thing RPGs have that other games (including computer "RPGs") do not. 
  Those of us who have the privilege of running a game have the responsibility to the hobby to showcase this side of the 
  game whenever possible.
  Why? Because it's the thing these games have that others don't; it's the draw that brings people to the game. It's the thing 
  that can keep the hobby going...a hobby that encourages imagination, social interaction, community building, and critical 
  thinking. A hobby I'd like to see last beyond my own limited time on this planet.
  Encouraging role-playing means giving the players the chance to think as their characters and not making the game too 
  mechanical. Even when it IS mechanical, one should be able to provide the rational to explain things in terms of character 
  for the players.
  Why can't my cleric use a sword? Because the spark of divinity within all creatures rests in the blood, and it is a sacred 
  thing to the Gods, not to be spilled except in very specific rituals at the proper moment of sacrifice; the very creation of a 
  blade used for the injuring of others is antithesis to the tenets of your faith.
  
  I want to throw dust in the eyes of my opponent and then hamstring him with my dagger? Make your attack roll 
  (watches); okay, your roll failed. You scoop up dirt and throw it in your opponent's face, but it appears he's no stranger to 
  this tactic...he sneezes but still anticipates the blow, blocking it with a downward parry.
  Can we negotiate our way out of this? Yes, but unless you speak lizard man it may be difficult, though perhaps one of the 
  creatures knows a bit of the Common tongue.
  Role-playing comes about when players begin to thing in terms of their character's desires, and this happens the more 
  they can place themselves in the imaginary world of the game. "Shutting them down" and telling players they can't do 
  something because it's not in the rules puts the focus of their game squarely ON the rules; which in turn de-emphasizes 
  the identification with character. It's difficult enough to experience suspension of disbelief at a gaming table when one 
  has to occasionally break the 4th wall to call for an initiative roll or saving throw. Encouraging players to try different 
  things or "think outside the box" not only makes the game more fun and less boring/rote, but will help the imagined world 
  to live and breathe for the players. Do it as much as possible.
  Looking players in the eye and practicing active listening is more important to role-playing than speaking in funny 
  voices.
  Balance Hard and Soft: The trickiest of all three practices, and definitely one that's fairly specific to the role-playing 
  gameDungeons & Dragons; I'm speaking specifically to fairly balance risk and reward for players in-game.
  Gygax (and Moldvay and Mentzer and everyone else) has written about the need to find balance in the rewarding of 
  characters in-game; that pendulum swing between "too stingy" and "Monty Haul" type campaigns. For me, the treasure/XP 
  factor is secondary to finding balance in the challenge that's handed out to the players. And by "challenge" I mean "threat 
  to (imaginary) life-and-limb" not just "solve the puzzle."
  I like the games I run to be deadly. I want there to be a real feeling of threat in the minds of my players when I sit down at 
  the table. I want them to believe that they are risking their character's lives every time they step into the dungeon, that it's 
  possible they'll get energy drained, or poisoned, or smashed in a cave-in, or over-run by goblins and speared to death. I 
  don't want them to think that there's some safety net/dice-fudging thing that's going to happen and save their bacon if 
  they press their luck or blunder into the wrong corridor or fail to screw up through ignorance or possibly bad luck.
  Why not? Because, to me, that's what D&D is about. It's not about coming up against Great Old Ones and being driven 
  insane. It's not about Antediluvian vampires that can kill you with a glance and have no need for game stats. It IS a game 
  about heroic individuals undertaking perilous adventure for both gold and glory.
  "Perilous" means deadly. But that doesn't mean characters don't get saving throws...player characters ARE heroic, after 
  all. Both purple worms and greater demons can be fought and killed by Joe Human in the D&D game, and sure Joe 
  willprobably bite the dust, but it's not guaranteed. Sometimes dumb luck can be an ally in the game...just as it is in real 
  life.
  However, with that threat of deadliness (or poison or petrifaction or energy drain) ready to pop out at any time, and the 
  consistency of the DM with enforcement (the "Hard") you create a more visceral experience for your players. Assuming 
  you're following #2 (encouraging role-playing), players can feel real adrenaline and racing heartbeats when the shit hits 
  
  the fan.
  [otherwise, they may just think you're an asshole]
  However, the trick (as I wrote) is balancing the Hard with "the Soft" and that means knowing when to give on something, 
  allowing the PCs to survive or overcome an obstacle in a manner or method not otherwise anticipated by the DM. A PC is 
  poisoned and the players use a potion of gaseous form to dump the foreign substance from his body. PCs rig up an 
  elaborate method of getting a treasure item without setting off a found trap (rather than attempting to disarm said trap). 
  Allowing PCs to negotiate with monsters or find "outside-the-box" methods of overcoming obstacles and environmental 
  hazards (White Plume Mountain is a good adventure to practice this kind of DM/PC training). Allowing escape. Allowing 
  capture for ransom. Allowing unusual methods of recovery as rewards for certain benny side-quests.
  And definitely allowing REWARD to match the risk. If the PCs overcome a huge threat, give 'em a huge payday. I gave PCs 
  a 4000+ gp piece of jewelry for overcoming a single gargoyle...but they were 2nd level with only a couple magic weapons 
  between 'em and gargoyles can only be harmed by enchanted weapons. On another adventure a PC landed himself in jail 
  for asking around town for a controlled substance (poison) and blowing a reaction roll. He was allowed to escape (with a 
  healthy bribe to a guard); later, when the party overcame a giant snake, he was able to milk the thing's poison sacs for a 
  couple doses.
  When players are innovative and creative, reward them. When danger comes a-calling don't coddle them. Give them the 
  hard and the soft with a lot less "lukewarm." These make for a better player experience. And if you can deliver that, then 
  you are on your way to becoming a better GM.
  My Only Pro DM Tip
  by Aplus, People Them With Monsters
  I still consider myself quite a noob when it comes to being a DM, so I don't have three table tips to use in response to Hill 
  Canton's GM Challenge Thingy. But there is one that I actually came up with all by myself that seems to work well.
  Have players roll their own wandering monster checks.
  Not necessarily the ones that happen every fixed number of turns, but the ones that come about as a result of their actions 
  (or inaction).
  For example, I usually have a failed open door check trigger a wandering monster check. This actually gives meaning to 
  the failures, and makes it worthwhile to attempt to pick a lock when possible.
  Also, the most important one is when the party is standing around in the dungeon while the players are debating a course 
  of action at the table. More than just a little of this, and I ask them to roll a wandering monster check as a result of their 
  bickering in the dungeon corridors.
  This lets them know that they need to keep things moving both in game and out.
  
  The Building a Better GM Challenge
  by Timothy, Unbidden Thoughts from the Underemployed 
  What should a good GM do – what should his or her practices be – in three steps?
  1. It is laudable to over-prepare; it is lamentable to over-plan.
  This could be an entire argument in and of itself, so please allow me to limit this to the detail I will provide in the 
  following paragraphs.  One of the traits a good – meaning functional – GM is to be prepared to run the game, by which I 
  mean the system.  This does not mandate that a potential GM needs to lock him- or herself away and study the mechanics 
  as though a proper understanding would enable him or her to pass the Bar Exam.  It does, however, mean that the GM 
  should have a mastery of the basic rules and if not a knowledge of the more complicated concepts and mechanics, than 
  any easy reference to them (say, like a GM Screen with various rules printed on the inside).  Nothing does more to draw 
  everyone out of the experience than constant rules referencing.  Some rules referencing is unavoidable, if only to settle 
  questions between players about how some situation is resolved, but knowing the rules helps the GM attain and maintain 
  the position of authority at the table.  After all, he or she is the ultimate arbiter of what happens in the game.
  That is not the extent of preparation, but the beginning.  It better serves a GM to prepare as much of the game 
  world/universe as is practical before the actual playing begins.  I note "as practical" because fully fleshing out the 
  world/universe can lead to a restrictive outlook from the GM and a constricting environment for the players.  Fully 
  developing the game environment before the players have any level of input falls squarely in the camp of over-planning, 
  and that will be addressed later.  The prepared GM has more than an idea of the setting, but rather has a concept that can 
  be well described and explained to the players in a consistent manner. 
  The game world/universe is not just an empty box into which concepts can be plugged, but a vibrant entity that has a life 
  given to it by game play.  As such, the game world/universe needs to be able to meet not just the vision of the GM, but also 
  fit the expectations of the players, and accommodate both the backgrounds of the players characters and the 
  consequences of the actions taken by said characters.  Preparation allows the GM to exercise a more consistent mien and 
  the freedom to be creative within the established framework, thus not bringing about unintended moments of parody or 
  absurdity.
  Over-planning, on the other hand, prefigures the actions the player characters will take.  It established a plot-line which 
  the players must navigate in order for the evolving story to make sense.  In actuality, over-planning diminishes the 
  evolution of the story; the only changes that end up happening are the ones that either allow for lost player characters to 
  return to the regularly scheduled plot or – in extreme cases – to abandoning the ruined story in favor of a simpler one the 
  PCs can't help but follow.  Over-planning is not only restrictive – for all parties involved – it can also lead to resentment 
  because the value of choice is trivialized when the GM adheres to the planned scenarios. 
  Being prepared means being able to handle the rules, the world, and the PCs' choices affecting what is happening.  Over-
  planning means anticipating the actions of the PCs and plotting out plot lines and story arcs for the players to follow.  One 
  allows for interactive creativity, the other for creativity (maybe) forced upon the rest of the group. 
  By means of example, I would point to a brief Vampire: The Masquerade (3rd Ed.) chronicle I ran titled Dallas: By the 
  Light of the Silvery Moon; I believe it lasted somewhere in the neighborhood of twenty sessions.  I had a spiral notebook 
  with 300 pages of notes, maps, and stats for the anticipated NPCs (and that was just for Dallas proper).  I would 
  reacquaint myself with the notes between sessions, updating them with what the PCs did, who they met or influenced, and 
  
  locations visited.  I would then review where the last session left off – and what may have been left unresolved from 
  sessions prior to the last – and have a loose plan for the introduction of the night's session.  The players would take the 
  game in whatever direction they pleased, oftentimes scary and wholly unanticipated, but I could react to them in a 
  responsible manner because I had prepared for as much of the game world as possible and knew the rules backwards and 
  forwards.
  The opposite of this would be an AD&D 2nd Ed. campaign in which I played where, regardless of anything the players 
  wanted to do, the PCs were moved from location to location towards some eventual goal that – lo and behold – was 
  instead accomplished by an NPC (so that the players couldn't screw it up).  Yes, that is an extreme example of planning 
  (and plotting) out a story and sticking to it, but many GMs still indulge in this to a larger degree than necessary.  It ruins 
  spontaneity (or at least reduces the impact of it to nothing) and kills the cooperative aspect of evolving the story the 
  players and GM are experiencing.
  2. Know your players; know their characters.
  I am sure this is a subject often brought up and with many different points of view, but there is such a person as 
  the problem player.  The first step a GM should take, when taking inventory of his or her players, is identifying whether 
  any of them are of this breed.  The problem player is oftentimes, but not solely, one whose primary goal at the table is to 
  foster some sort of discord among the characters.  This is a problem that cannot be easily solved once it has reared its ugly 
  head, in part because the problem player has exposed him- or herself as a person who has little regard for the other 
  players' enjoyment of their characters.
  My recommendation – and one that it took me a good long while to adopt – is to view each potential player as an 
  applicant.  Are they well suited for play with others?  Some players come right out and let the GM know they enjoy 
  playing characters who are disruptive.  This has happened to me four times in the last three months (they were looking to 
  get into any type of home campaign), and in each instance I let them know the following:  I would not ask them to join an 
  established group I had (they seem to want to disrupt a functioning dynamic), I would not want to start a new group for 
  them (as they have expressed that they aren't interested in building a good group dynamic), and that I find that approach 
  to playing very immature.  This is not a process that is simply limited to when a player enters the group, but one that 
  should be revisited whenever a conflict seems to arise without legitimate cause.  Players should likewise be consistently 
  evaluating the GM to see if he or she is delivering the kind of experience the group – and individual players – want and 
  deserve.
  Once the group is established, it may seem more than a little difficult to consider removing a player from the group.  It 
  should be, but it should also not be the first resort to conflict.  If the GM has taken the time to become acquainted with the 
  players, it should be easy to have discussions with the players about the problems that arise during play (it is my position 
  that the GM should not take on the responsibility of managing real-world relationships of the players; such a proposition 
  would require the role of GM to pay extremely well).  Still, problem players are like a cancer for a game group, and it they 
  cannot be treated with a discussion of what led to some early conflicts, they should be excised from the group.  Likewise, 
  players who are unhappy with the role their GM has taken on – oftentimes in regards to the level of responsiveness to the 
  players – should first have a discussion about their disappointment with the GM, and, if the problems continue, leave the 
  GM (which may also mean leaving or ending the group).
  Knowing the players has more benefits than being able to identify problem players and taking early action to resolve 
  conflicts at the table.  It allows the GM to have a better grasp on what these players are looking for in the gaming 
  
  experience.  This is not an absolute – I played in a Dungeons & Dragons 3E campaign at NIU where the GM and three of 
  the players all favored combat over roleplaying sequences, but only one player was disappointed when we did back-to-
  back sessions without a fight (and the GM was the happiest person of all!) – but it is a great place to start to get an idea of 
  what kind of experience the players expect.
  Knowing the player characters is a little easier, but in order to do it correctly one must have some kind of understanding 
  of the player.  I think many GMs are against the notion of the broken character.  I am against the disproportionately 
  powerful character, but that can often be regulated by some simple instructions on character creation at the beginning of 
  the campaign; for example, not allowing mega-heroes inHeroes Unlimited.  On the other hand, I find it a little high 
  minded for a GM – especially when it's me – to tell a player he can't make the kind of character he or she wants to play.  
  The only question is how to accommodate the type of character into the world – and this is where preparation again 
  comes into play – which is easier if the GM does not have an overly restrictive view of what belongs in the game 
  world/universe.
  Knowing the characters means being aware of their motivations and their capabilities.  This enables the GM to interject 
  (personally or emotionally) meaningful moments for the player characters into the game.  It enables the grander story to 
  blend in various elements that would otherwise be disparate appeals to individual character desires that become known 
  only in retrospect.  The more obvious aspect of knowing the player characters is that challenges and encounters can be 
  properly proportioned to be – or appear to be – risky without being over- or underwhelming.  Knowing the characters 
  makes preparation much easier, and can reduce the desire to over-plan.
  3. Remember that it is your game, too.
  Being a GM is not just about being the world and its reactions to what the player characters do.  Ultimately, the GM is 
  another player at the table, and one who deserves as much of a chance to enjoy the game as everyone else.  Just as the GM 
  shouldn't reduce the amount of influence the other players have in the story, he or she shouldn't feel that they can't add 
  their voice and contributions to the story and setting.  Table top roleplaying is a cooperative experience, and while the 
  GM is weighted with the authority of being the final arbiter, he or she has to find a way to be an equal in terms of having 
  a good time.  Luckily, many GMs find pleasure in how a good story unfolds, and how players take unexpected routes and 
  find novel solutions to the resolution of the challenges in the game.
  As a GM, one of the things I like to do is create tiny rewards for those moments where the players surprise and impress 
  me.  These oftentimes have little more in-game (mechanical) effect than what the player characters may have acquired on 
  their own, but I make every attempt to tie them to the moment, the character, and the overall story.  I have had a fair 
  amount of success doing this, but I also know that there are players for whom it does not do much. 
  I apologize for not being able to fully articulate how to exercise a level of participation in the game that does not rise to 
  the level of ownership nor sink to a level of being subservient to the players.  I do know that it is very important to find 
  this level of balance.  This may seem to go against the notion of the GM being the one who gets to choose who is fit to sit 
  at the table – that is an inconsistency I cannot easily resolve, either.  Maybe the easiest solution to this is to make sure that 
  enjoyment can be found in various ways, and that there is more of a need to allow to exercise caution when exerting the 
  powers available to the position of GM.
   
  
  Building a Better GM
  by Rubberduck, The Vocacious Wright
  David over at the Tower of the Archmage pointed to my attention to Ckutalik's post about Building a Better GM. So I 
  thought I'd throw my towel into the ring. 
  Specifically, what he wants us bloggers to do is 
  1. Name three “ best practices” you possess as a GM. What techniques do you think you excel at?
  2. What makes those techniques work? Why do they “pop”?
  3. How do you do it? What are the tricks you use? What replicable, nuts-and-bolts tips can you share?
  1. Allow the players to be awesome. Maybe one of your players wants to jump on the ogre's back and ride it like a rodeo 
  bull. Maybe he wants to run along the back of the dragon and jump off its shoulder to get to high ground. Maybe he has 
  convinced the friendly troll to throw him, and wants to fire crossbows akimbo while flying through the air. Just because 
  the rules doesn't say how to do this, doesn't mean you shouldn't let him. 
  That doesn't, usually, mean that you should just let him automatically be successful. Look at the rules, and find a roll or 
  two he can make. Set the difficulty depending on how suited the character actually is for the stunt, and how much you 
  would like to see it successful. That rodeo ride could be resolved through a series of strength checks. The dragon-run 
  could be a dexterity check or an acrobatics check, depending on the system. The akimbo crossbow flying might be simply 
  attack rolls, with some negative modifiers. 
  If the character succeeds, there will be high-fives all around, and the players will talk about afterwards how awesome it 
  was that time Bob the Elf surfed a shield down the stairs while shooting orcs left and right. If the character fails, that gives 
  the opportunity to throw in some nice complication or other, heightening the tension, and making the encounter 
  memorial anyway through the failure of the stunt. A GMing success either way. 
  2. Steal with hands and feet. There is inspiration everywhere. Movies, books, songs, roleplaying anecdotes, setting 
  backgrounds, documentaries, everyday events. If you stumble across something that is cool, keep it in mind. Then once 
  you have the time, consider how you might use it. If it is obscure or ubiquitous enough you might be able to use it 
  outright. Otherwise it might just take a bit of tweaking. Or maybe it is purely inspiration, and only the core essence 
  remains once you are finished with it. 
  The refrain of this little number for example inspired me to have a short adventure revolving around a relative of a player 
  who fell in love with ice fairy, and would freeze to death if he stayed with her, and go mad if he didn't. 
  The world is filled with creative people, and you can't possibly be as creative as all of them combined. So when someone 
  has come up with something cool, use their work. That way you will seem ten times as creative as if you had to come up 
  with the stuff yourself. 
  Not only that, but it is filled with incredibly and cool real-life stuff too. Sometimes truth is, if not stranger, then at least as 
  strange as fiction. Monsters, cultures, places, events, and much more can be found on wikipedia or in books or 
  documentaries. If you use all that as well, you'll seem twenty times as creative, and your setting might seem more real to 
  boot. 
  
  3. Don't cling to your plans. This is related in some ways to the first point, but writ large. While you may have plans, for 
  the adventure or for the entire campaign arch, you should always be prepared for the fact that the players may have other 
  thoughts. Don't be afraid to make it clear that this was the adventure that you had planned for tonight. But also, always 
  make it clear that there is no pressure. They can choose to do something else, if they would rather not do that adventure 
  for some reason. 
  This also means that you have to be prepared for that straying off course. There are two general ways to prepare. 
  Preparation or improvisation. Generally I myself try to have a little something prepared, if I suspect the players might 
  decide not to bite the plot hook. Not a lot, because most likely it won't be used, but enough that I have something to base 
  my improvisation on if that becomes necessary. Having some other adventure hooks, with general ideas about what those 
  adventures would be about, is a typical trick. 
  Being always prepared to drop your adventure keeps you from forcing the players down a path that they really don't want 
  to take. Your players won't thank you if half of them lose their characters assaulting the dread necromancer's fortress, 
  when what they really wanted was to leave the country from the moment they heard about him
  
  Building a Better GM Challenge
  by Fleur du Mal 
  Quite coincidently, I’ve been thinking about pretty much the same thing the past couple of days.
  Name three “best practices” you possess as a GM. What techniques do you think you excel at?
  1- Know the damn rules. You don’t have to have them memorized, but you have to know them well enough to be able to 
  be internally consistent when you makes rulings on the fly – and those rulings really need to cleave to the combined spirit 
  of the rules themselves and the campaign you’re running.
  2- It’s a sandbox, not a sandpit or a litter box. I used to steal shamelessly from anything at the drop of a hat. Now, while I 
  still steal shamelessly, I take the time to make sure it “fits” into both my DM-style and my campaign world. As a result, 
  players feel free to run with their own concepts, knowing that I’ll work with them to make sure it fits rather than being 
  stuck with a dead-end idea or concept.
  3- I only just realized this a little bit ago, but I also think that what makes things work is being evocative. People are 
  coming to play in your sandbox. Not just any old sandbox, yours. Make it your own, make it different, make it identifiable, 
  give it a soul all its own. It doesn’t matter what that is, just let it be something you enjoy and are comfortable with.
  What makes those techniques work? Why do they “pop”?
  1- The players will trust you. The rulings will “make sense” and enhance the game rather than bog it down. Plus, when 
  you understand the rules, it lets you understand why the world wants to act in a certain way – because you understand 
  the “grand unified theory” behind it all.
  2- Understanding that a sandbox still has conceptual boundaries. Knowing what they are (for me) lets me relax and let 
  the world do some the work itself. For example, my world has firearms and magic (plus things in the middle like darters), 
  I know that why they exist and how they both fit. I can extrapolate, on the fly, from my “base principles” and make things 
  up that I don’t have to shoehorn in later and explain away with handwavium.
  3- It aids in the suspension of disbelief that is needed for TT RPG’s. It also softens the blow of bad things happening to 
  characters and makes the goods things that much sweeter. It’s not a “magic shortsword” it’s “The Sword of Kas”. Players 
  feel like they are in a world that they can do things in, where they can have an effect on things – which is, ideally, a spur 
  to their own activities.
  How do you do it? What are the tricks you use? What replicable, nuts-and-bolts tips can you share?
  I read a lot. Fiction and non-fiction.
  I role-play – both as a player elsewhere and as the voice/face of all the NPC’s in my game world.
  I let players win. Yes, you can win in this game. My current players can hear about the stories of old characters who have 
  now passed into the myth and legend of the world. Some of my current players played those legends, some of them have 
  had the opportunity to meet those legends. Some characters win by “failing” miserably, and having to be put down by the 
  rest of the party – and as a result live on in infamy…
  
  I’m not cheap. I don’t really care that much how much magic players have (either item’s or powers). There is always a 
  bigger elephant. I have yet to give a player anything, in 32 years of gaming, that I couldn’t bypass, steal back, destroy, or 
  otherwise render ineffective if I wanted to. Most of the time I don’t care, and it’s a great way to reward players for success 
  at whatever it is that they have decided to do.
  I have a similar attitude about character level. I really don’t care, I think that the process of leveling up is fun and 
  important, but I’ve run really fun low-level games and I’ve run really fun high-level games – if people are having fun, 
  who cares? I have yet to run into a character with a level so high I still couldn’t say, “You explode” in response to a 
  comment of they made in passing regarding the NPC they were interacting with. (and I did that once running a BYOC 
  game at GenCon – nobody else blinked, they just healed him up, and the game went on).
  I make sure I’m having fun. If I’m not having fun, my game suffers. That means my players suffer. So I have to make sure 
  I’m having fun. I can look and see the times in the past where this was not the case, and I can see the effect it had on my 
  game…
  I have a well-designed, well-balanced world with lots of detail but enough blank spots and fuzzy edges that I can always 
  add something new if I need or want to. The world isn’t there to trap me, or trap the players, it’s there to give us all the 
  opportunity to tell some great stories based on the actions of the characters and how the dice roll.
  Yeah, stories. If you don’t want to tell stories, play poker. This doesn’t mean there has to be a pre-determined narrative 
  arc, but everyone likes to tell the story of what happened afterwards and brag about what they did. As the DM, give them 
  some stories to tell! And please, most people don’t want to spend lots of time talking about how many of their characters 
  have died trying to survive in your world.
  
  Build a Better GM Challenge - Unemployed Geek Edition
  by Joshua “DocStout” Brown, the Unemployed Geek
  ...Gamemasters are part narrator, part referee, and in most systems the ultimate arbiter of the world and how the 
  characters the players have created can interact with it. Good GMs provide the players with an arena for drama and set 
  the stage for telling their own adventures. Bad GMs enter into a competition with the players, one rigged in their favor. 
  Everyone who runs games has their own strengths, and weak points, and some of the things that make the greatest GMs 
  are talents, that cannot be taught. Others, however, are teachable and learnable skills.
  1. The Balance.
  The first thing that I feel I do well in my home campaigns is careful attention to a balance between two elements of 
  gaming that sometimes interfere with each other. The “roleplaying” and the “game.” I've been a player in campaigns 
  where one is emphasized to the neglect of the other, and personally, those sorts of games aren't fun for me. Taking either 
  element to its logical extreme conclusion and you have something that most people wouldn't find fun. All game, no 
  roleplaying sacrifices theme and story for tactical combats without context or meaning, die rolls determine life or death, 
  effective tactics minimize risk and there is a simulation-level resource management. If a “character” dies, it doesn't matter, 
  roll a new one and get back in there. All roleplaying and no game makes character decisions only meaningful in the 
  context of interpersonal relationships. Combats are loosely scripted affairs with no reasonable risk of death unless the 
  player is clearly choosing to make a noble sacrifice, and a trip into town may involve hours of conversations with 
  shopkeepers and locals, making the game more an exercise in collaborative improvised storytelling.
  The first example is how many of the first tabletop roleplayers played, evoking the wargaming roots of the hobby, and the 
  second is the rule for online forum roleplay. I do not mean to say either of these styles are worthless or that one is 
  inherently superior to the other. It isn't a choice of one extreme vs the other, with the very best gamemasters, a blend and 
  balance of the two has created the best gaming experiences of my life, and I strive to pass that on to players. In general, I 
  make combats meaningful by making the vast majority of my rolls behind the screen stand, and if I need to fudge a roll, I 
  do so very rarely and without letting the players know. I fudge rolls if and only if allowing random chance to stand “as 
  rolled” would make the experience less fun for everyone. A spectacular critical hit from a nameless henchman putting a 
  hero into an early grave scenes before he confronts his personal nemesis might be fudged, but ignoring dice rolls too often 
  makes them all meaningless. Don't be the GM who bends rules to pound the PCs into the dirt, and bends them again to let 
  them win. Players know when you are doing that, and resent it.
  2. Roleplaying is a Group Activity.
  I've been in a lot of games where there's that one player who insists on creating an obstinate character whose personal 
  goals and outlook frequently cause chaos and dysfunction within the team of other players. I've seen GMs throw their 
  hands up in frustration, not knowing what to do, and a table full of uncomfortable players. After all, the player is “just 
  playing my character, doing what he would do,” so no one can fault him for it, right? Bad advice in this situation labels 
  this individual as a problem player off the bat and recommends eventually asking the player to leave the group. 
  Sometimes, this is regrettably the case, but I've found that such extreme measures are rarely necessary. I've corrected this 
  with a particular speech I give at the beginning of most of my campaigns. The “Group Activity” speech has been given so 
  many times that my regulars don't even need it anymore. It is understood.
  Basically, I concede that no one can fault someone for playing a character honestly and accurately to their core concept. 
  
  However, fault can be found in the creation of a character whose outlook and goals will inevitably create conflict and 
  strife, and whose personal philosophy allows for no growth as a person, compromise or change. Roleplaying is a group 
  activity, and the fun for a single player of creating a situation that is all about a clash of their characters personal ideology 
  and goals with the rest of the group should not trump the fun for the other players in that group. An understanding that 
  conflicts within a team may naturally arise as characters develop is one thing, and can provide great scenes if played by 
  mature players resolving a difference of opinion. Making a character who is unsuited philosophically or psychologically 
  to belong to a group working toward a goal is not appropriate for a group activity such are roleplaying in all but the 
  rarest of circumstances. Players in my games keep that in mind before the first word or number is written on a character 
  sheet.
  3. Plan to Improvise.
  “No plan survives first contact with the enemy.” Every GM who has assumed players would go a certain direction and they 
  immediately seized on the opposite one knows this. Some respond by railroading the players and seizing the illusion of 
  control of their own destinies from the player's hands. This is not fun. One of the strengths of tabletop roleplaying is being 
  able to determine your character's fate, and do what you want, rather than following someone else's script. Knowing that 
  the players will knock you for a loop now and again, a lot of preparatory work can be done to shore up an individual 
  gamemaster's improvisational weaknesses. I have a list of names ready that are unassigned to any NPC so when they 
  introduce themselves to a throwaway NPC I create on the spot, they don't immediately know that character is 
  unimportant as I struggle for a name off the top of my head.
  So long as the player group has a concrete goal to work toward to avoid a paradox of choice, and whatever a GM might 
  need to make up, but would personally struggle with on the spot is prepared in advance, there is a lot of fun to be had 
  with letting the players have some control over the flow of the action. Have a few villains statted out, maybe a few maps of 
  locations to be dropped in ready, focus on having the hard stuff to make up on the fly in front of you, and making up the 
  rest by the seat of your pants is easy, and a lot of fun. The limits imposed by a pre-written scenario are gone, and the story 
  can flow purely based on reactions to player decisions.
  
  Building a Better GM
  by Tim Shorts, Gothridge Manor 
  The three questions blend together so I will sort of answer them all at once. 
  1. I like to take the stereotypical, allowing the players to go on assumptions and then twisting it, sometimes subtly and 
  sometimes more extreme.  This is a great technique I use in my fiction and it works fantastic for gaming.  Maybe the orc 
  that is tromping through the forest is not a 1HD easy target.  Maybe it's a 5HD orc/troll with regenerative powers wearing 
  the Charm of Gruumsh that grants any weapon it uses to paralyze.  This is a deadly example, but a good one that plays on 
  players' assumption.  Everyone has the monster manual, but GMs have to remember those stats are just a suggestion.
  What to watch out for: Making everything unusual so in doing so you've made the unusual the usual.  It's okay to have a 
  horde of goblins for the players to slaughter.  That's fun too.  A GM needs to set up the situation so that the twist will 
  work.
  2. I am very good a winging it.  I think this is probably one of the most important skills a good GM can have.  I think the 
  best adventures are ad-lib and some nice surprises for the GM as well as the players.  Of course to be effective the GM 
  needs a solid knowledge of the system.  Ad-libbing is cool, but also I think needs to be done in moderation.  A foundation 
  and consistency needs to be established.  Some people who have the entire world, cultures, history and geography 
  memorized then it's no big thing.
  What to watch out for: Like I mentioned the biggest problem with too much improvisation is inconsistency.  Too much 
  and it's difficult to keep track of motivations and people and things and places because you made them up on the spot.  
  Keep good notes or at least have a good outline/structure that you use to keep things from going too wonky.
  3. I think what makes me a good GM is I engage the players in interesting story-lines.  There is often several running 
  through a single game at any one time and some are the main story arc for the characters and some are those side quests 
  or path splitters.  I like to weave a lot of layers and build a complex relationship to the world they're interacting with. 
   What to watch out for: Over complicating things.  Players love to develop their story-lines and will often complicate it 
  enough themselves, GMs need to allow them that privilege.  If things slow down a bit the GM can always interject some 
  new interesting twist, but if your players are anything like mine they create enough drama to last several sessions in one 
  sitting. 
  
SOURCE: textdata/thevault/_GM Books/Adventure prep and inspiration/The GM Challenge Compiliation.pdf