   Beginners direct3d vertex buffer problem
  Hi all, how are we all?I hope you guys might be able to help me out with this, I'm just starting out with direct3d programming and so I'm editing a bit of code from toymaker.info, I'm just trying to get a simple triangle showing on the screen splitting who bits of code so i have a dedicated direct3d initialisation sequence.  Starting in the main.cpp:#include <windows.h>#include "vis_setup.h"LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);// The main entry point of our Windows programint APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){// Create and fill out a window class structureWNDCLASS wcex;ZeroMemory(&wcex,sizeof(WNDCLASS));[... more windows stuff going on here]So thats the initial start up, moving on the vis_seup.h:#include <d3dx9.h>// D3DX helper functionsLPDIRECT3D9 gD3dObject=NULL;LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 gD3dDevice=NULL;LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9gVertexBuffer=NULL;struct TMyVertex{D3DXVECTOR3 p;// Vertex positionD3DCOLOR c;// Vertex colour};#define MYVERTEX_FVF (D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)class vis_setup{public:vis_setup(void);bool InitialiseDirect3D(HWND hWnd);bool CreateTriangle();And when i want to use MYVERTEX_FVF i do it like this:bool vis_setup::CreateTriangle(){HRESULT hr=gD3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(3*sizeof(TMyVertex),D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, MYVERTEX_FVF,D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &gVertexBuffer, NULL );if (FAILED(hr))return false;// Lock and fillTMyVertex* pVertices=NULL;This all looks alright to me but when i compile I get errors like this:Triangle fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols foundTriangle error LNK2005: "struct IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 * gVertexBuffer" (?gVertexBuffer@@3PAUIDirect3DVertexBuffer9@@A) already defined in main.objI dunno whats up with it, I've never being exactly confident with #defines (My c++ skills need ALOT of work) but I can't really see whats wrong with this. Anyone know?(sorry for cross posting)   
  Why don't make your code between '[' + "source" + ']' and '[' + "/source" + ']'? that will looks clear.   ;  Have you tried #include <d3d9.h> before #include <d3dx9.h>?Do you have a vis_seup.cpp file that implement the class? or you put the implement all in vis_seup.h?It seem like a multiply include.   ;  A few things:A) Put include guards around each header file. That is:#ifndef VIS_SETUP_H#define VIS_SETUP_H// all your code in here#endifB) You're defining a variable in a header file. That means that if you have more than one source file including that header file, there'll be two definitions (or more) of that variable, in this case gVertexBuffer, for the linker. Linkers only like one definition of each thing. To get around this, either use C++ properly (ask how, we'll be happy to tell you), or declare the variable gVertexBuffer, and define it in one source file. To do this, you have to declare gVertexBuffer extern:// in the header fileextern LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 gVertexBuffer; // in the source filegVertexBuffer = NULL;But seriously (seriously), I'd ask/read up on how to structure your code properly - you shouldn't be using global variables almost ever in C++. There are far better ways (for example, some sort of buffer class, so you can have many instances!).Hope that helps.   ;  Yes goat, i think as well thats the point. I made the same mistakes when i wrote my first header files.   ;Quote:Original post by _goat- you shouldn't be using global variables almost ever in C++.That is a matter of personal preference my friend.;  Global variables ISN'T a matter of personal taste but a sign of good OO design. If you take the trouble to design your code and follow the standard Object Oriented Programming rules, then you will never use globals.Just my 2 cents.   ;  Yes, thats right. Sometimes i use them for my private programs but if you work in a team you need modular, fexible code that all can use. So no matter of taste. Only in non professional projects you can allow yourself to mess up the code.   