   DirectX
  Well I have started with DirectX and I am forced to learn DirectDraw instead of available Direct3D. Till now I have donw primary surface,back surface.. flipping.. blt() etc... but still I am not sure if how to draw line, polygons and use functions for polygons transformations (rotation,translation,scaling etc..)hope anyone can help me out here 
  You are not forced to do DirectDraw at all.  It''s your choice.  Most of the people that frequent this forum haven''t used DirectDraw in quite a while.  For me, it''s been more than 3 years since I''ve even looked at DirectDraw code.If what you really want to do is 3D, then you should definately move to either DX8 or DX9.If you are determined to stick with DirectDraw (for which there is no good reason unless you''re tyring to support *really* old hardware), you need to do a few things.  You need to initialize DirectDraw, then on top of the initialize Direct3D to render to the backbuffer that DirectDraw is using.  You do all of your polygon drawing using the Direct3D interface.If you''re determined to stick with DirectDraw, you should do a Google search for some old tutorials and possibly find a used book on DX7.neneboricua ;quote:Original post by amittripathi2k2   but still I am not sure if how to draw line, polygons and use functions for polygons transformations (rotation,translation,scaling etc..)Possibly because everything you want to do is exclusive to D3D? You can't do polygons and transformations in DDraw without a LOT of software code, and you might as well use D3D in such a case. As neneboricua19 said, no one is forcing you to use DDraw. In fact, I would recommend you just skip it entirely and learn D3D. It might be a bit more complex (I didn't understand DDraw, but I love D3D, so I don't really know if it's more complex) but it's far more powerful and you'll be going there eventually anyway. I feel like a broken record (I've said this 3 times today) but get a good book on D3D and you'll be happier in the end. [edited by - Erzengeldeslichtes on February 5, 2004 2:43:59 AM];  ThanX but no thanX.    Actually the reason I m forced to do DirectDraw is that I have some assigments to do  STRICTLY USING DIRECTDRAW. Well I have found few materials on this issue, and if anyone interested I can mail them some of my learnings. ;  For lines, look up "Bresenham''s line algorithm". That is quite simple, but it isn''t very fancy in it''s basic form (no antialiasing).For translations, rotations and scaling, you need to apply some linear algebra. The DX SDK has very good basic info on how the D3D geometry pipe is implemented, you just need to use similar formulas in your own code.The final thing in a graphics pipeline is a triangle rasterization algorithm, to convert your geometry to pixels so that DDraw can handle it. Again, the net has many articles on this issue.-Nik ;  There is a good book -- The Black Art of 3D Game Programming, by Andre LaMonthe. It deals with DOS games, but many of the concepts (Brasenham''s algorithm, polygon drawing, making a 3D engine) can be easily adapted to DirectDraw and Windows. 