original_query: What is the lower world of phenomena according to Valentinus?
query: What is the lower world of phenomena (kenoma) according to Valentinus?
answer: According to Valentinus, the lower world of phenomena (kenoma) is brought into existence through the error of Sophia, one of the lowest aeons, and the ignorance of Sakla.  It is the lower world, subject to matter, in contrast to the higher, spiritual world (pleroma).