original_query: f the Tudors, what happened to the Earldom of Ulster?
query: What happened to the Earldom of Ulster during the Tudor period?
answer: The Earldom of Ulster's collapse after the Bruce campaign in Ireland (1315) led to a Gaelic resurgence.  The O'Neills of Tyrone filled the power vacuum, bringing Ulster under their sovereignty and claiming the title "King of Ulster", uniting the province.