original_query: What were the technologies used by civilizations by 1000 BC that laid the foundation for the branches of chemistry?
query: What were the technologies used by civilizations by 1000 BC that laid the foundation for the branches of chemistry?
answer: By 1000 BC, civilizations utilized technologies such as fire, metal extraction from ores, pottery and glaze making, beer and wine fermentation, extracting plant chemicals for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, glass making, and creating alloys like bronze.