original_query: What were the causes of the Al-Wathbah uprising in Baghdad in January 1948?
query: What were the causes of the Al-Wathbah uprising in Baghdad in January 1948?
answer: The Al-Wathbah uprising was primarily sparked by the Iraqi monarchy's plans to renew the 1930 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty, effectively making Iraq a British protectorate.  However, underlying causes included widespread poverty in urban centers, a growing student population, low purchasing power for workers, and rigid class boundaries in Iraqi society.  These factors contributed to pre-existing unrest, with many protests orchestrated by the Iraqi Communist Party.