func_code_string: #include <bits/stdc++.h>   using namespace std;   struct P {     long long first, second, sum;     P(long long first = 0, long long second = 0, long long sum = 0)         : first(first), second(second), sum(sum) {}     bool operator<(const P &b) const { return first < b.first; }   };   const long long MAX_V = 500100;   const long long MAX_LOG_V = 25;   vector<long long> G[MAX_V];   long long root, V;   long long parent[MAX_LOG_V][MAX_V];   long long depth[MAX_V], ans[MAX_V];   struct vertex {     long long v, di;     vertex(long long v, long long di = 0) : v(v), di(di) {}     bool operator<(const vertex &b) const { return di < b.di; }   };   vector<vertex> depVec[MAX_V];   long long dfs_index = 0;   void dfs(long long v, long long p, long long d) {     parent[0][v] = p;     depth[v] = d;     depVec[d].push_back(vertex(v, ++dfs_index));     for (long long i = 0; i < G[v].size(); i++)       if (G[v][i] != p) dfs(G[v][i], v, d + 1);   }   void init() {     dfs(root, -1, 1);     for (long long k = 0; k + 1 < MAX_LOG_V; k++)       for (long long v = 1; v <= V; v++) {         if (parent[k][v] < 0)           parent[k + 1][v] = -1;         else           parent[k + 1][v] = parent[k][parent[k][v]];       }   }   long long lca(long long u, long long v) {     if (depth[u] > depth[v]) swap(u, v);     for (long long k = 0; k < MAX_LOG_V; k++) {       if ((depth[v] - depth[u]) >> k & 1) v = parent[k][v];       if (depth[v] == depth[u]) break;     }     if (u == v) return u;     for (long long k = MAX_LOG_V - 1; k >= 0; k--) {       if (parent[k][u] != parent[k][v]) {         u = parent[k][u];         v = parent[k][v];       }     }     return parent[0][u];   }   void solve(const vector<vertex> &vec) {     vector<P> stk(vec.size() + 1, P(0));     long long sn = 0;     long long d = depth[lca(vec[0].v, vec[1].v)];     stk[sn++] = P(d, 1, d);     ans[vec[1].v] += stk[0].sum;     for (long long i = 2; i < vec.size(); i++) {       long long d = depth[lca(vec[i - 1].v, vec[i].v)];       if (d < 0) {         cout <<  d =   << d << endl;       }       long long x =           lower_bound(stk.begin(), stk.begin() + sn, P(d, -1)) - stk.begin();       if (x == sn) {         stk[sn] = P(d, stk[sn - 1].second + 1, stk[sn - 1].sum + d);         sn++;       } else {         long long cnt = stk[sn - 1].second - (x > 0 ? stk[x - 1].second : 0) + 1;         if (cnt < 0) {           cout <<  stk[sn-1].second =   << stk[sn - 1].second << endl;           cout <<  x =   << x << endl;           cout <<  sn =   << sn << endl;           cout <<  ~ =   << (x > 0 ? stk[x - 1].second : 0) << endl;         }         stk[x] =             P(d, stk[sn - 1].second + 1, (x > 0 ? stk[x - 1].sum : 0) + d * cnt);         sn = x + 1;       }       ans[vec[i].v] += stk[sn - 1].sum;       if (stk[sn - 1].sum < 0) {         cout <<  vec[i].v =   << vec[i].v << endl;         for (long long j = 0; j < sn; j++)           cout <<  stk[  << j <<  ] =   << stk[sn - 1].first <<                    << stk[sn - 1].second <<     << stk[sn - 1].sum << endl;         exit(0);       }     }   }   int main() {     std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);     std::cin.tie(0);     cin >> V;     for (long long i = 1; i <= V; i++) {       long long p;       cin >> p;       if (p == 0)         root = i;       else         G[p].push_back(i);     }     init();     for (long long i = 2; i <= V; i++) {       if (depVec[i].empty()) break;       if (depVec[i].size() > 1) {         sort(depVec[i].begin(), depVec[i].end());         solve(depVec[i]);         reverse(depVec[i].begin(), depVec[i].end());         solve(depVec[i]);       }       for (auto j : depVec[i]) {         ans[j.v] += ans[parent[0][j.v]] + depth[j.v] - 1;       }     }     for (long long i = 1; i <= V; i++) {       cout << ans[i] << (i == V ?   n  :    );     }   }   