func_code_string: #include <bits/stdc++.h>   using namespace std;   const int MOD = 1000000007;   const int INF = 2e9;   const long long INFLL = 1e18;   const int MAX_N = 100000;   vector<int> gp[MAX_N + 1];   int N;   int p[MAX_N + 1];   int cnt[MAX_N + 1];   int lv[MAX_N + 1];   void dfs(int x) {     cnt[lv[x]]++;     for (int i : gp[x]) {       lv[i] = lv[x] + 1;       dfs(i);     }   }   int main() {     scanf( %d , &N);     for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++) {       scanf( %d , &p[i]);       gp[p[i]].push_back(i);     }     lv[1] = 1;     dfs(1);     int ans = 0;     for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {       ans += (cnt[i] % 2);     }     cout << ans;     return 0;   }   