func_code_string: #include <bits/stdc++.h>   #pragma GCC optimize( O3 )   #pragma GCC target( tune=native )   #pragma GCC optimize( unroll-loops )   using namespace std;   using ll = long long;   const int N = 120005;   struct node_t {     int tag, time, value, number;     ll answer;   } tree[N << 2];   int n, m, top_max, top_min, a[N], stack_max[N], stack_min[N];   vector<pair<int, int>> queries[N];   ll answer[N];   static void add_value(int x, int value) {     tree[x].value += value;     tree[x].tag += value;   }   static void add_time(int x, int value) {     tree[x].time += value;     tree[x].answer += (ll)value * tree[x].number;   }   static void push_up(int x) {     tree[x].value = min(tree[x << 1].value, tree[x << 1 | 1].value);     tree[x].answer = tree[x << 1].answer + tree[x << 1 | 1].answer;     tree[x].number = 0;     if (tree[x].value == tree[x << 1].value) {       tree[x].number += tree[x << 1].number;     }     if (tree[x].value == tree[x << 1 | 1].value) {       tree[x].number += tree[x << 1 | 1].number;     }   }   static void push_down(int x) {     if (tree[x].tag) {       add_value(x << 1, tree[x].tag);       add_value(x << 1 | 1, tree[x].tag);       tree[x].tag = 0;     }     if (tree[x].time) {       if (tree[x].value == tree[x << 1].value) {         add_time(x << 1, tree[x].time);       }       if (tree[x].value == tree[x << 1 | 1].value) {         add_time(x << 1 | 1, tree[x].time);       }       tree[x].time = 0;     }   }   static void build(int x, int l, int r) {     tree[x].value = l;     tree[x].number = 1;     if (l == r) {       return;     }     int mid = (l + r) / 2;     build(x << 1, l, mid);     build(x << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r);   }   static void modify(int x, int l, int r, int ql, int qr, int value) {     if (l == ql && r == qr) {       add_value(x, value);       return;     }     int mid = (l + r) / 2;     push_down(x);     if (qr <= mid) {       modify(x << 1, l, mid, ql, qr, value);     } else if (ql > mid) {       modify(x << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r, ql, qr, value);     } else {       modify(x << 1, l, mid, ql, mid, value);       modify(x << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r, mid + 1, qr, value);     }     push_up(x);   }   static ll query(int x, int l, int r, int ql, int qr) {     if (l == ql && r == qr) {       return tree[x].answer;     }     int mid = (l + r) / 2;     push_down(x);     if (qr <= mid) {       return query(x << 1, l, mid, ql, qr);     } else if (ql > mid) {       return query(x << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r, ql, qr);     } else {       return query(x << 1, l, mid, ql, mid) +              query(x << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r, mid + 1, qr);     }   }   void solve() {     ios::sync_with_stdio(0);     cin.tie(nullptr);     cin >> n;     for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {       cin >> a[i];     }     cin >> m;     for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {       int l, r;       cin >> l >> r;       queries[r].push_back(make_pair(l, i));     }     build(1, 1, n);     for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {       add_value(1, -1);       while (top_max && a[stack_max[top_max]] < a[i]) {         modify(1, 1, n, stack_max[top_max - 1] + 1, stack_max[top_max],                a[i] - a[stack_max[top_max]]);         --top_max;       }       stack_max[++top_max] = i;       while (top_min && a[stack_min[top_min]] > a[i]) {         modify(1, 1, n, stack_min[top_min - 1] + 1, stack_min[top_min],                a[stack_min[top_min]] - a[i]);         --top_min;       }       stack_min[++top_min] = i;       add_time(1, 1);       for (auto q : queries[i]) {         answer[q.second] = query(1, 1, n, q.first, i);       }     }     for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {       cout << answer[i] <<   n ;     }   }   int main() {     solve();     return 0;   }   