func_code_string: #include <bits/stdc++.h>   using namespace std;   long long fact(long long n) {     if (n == 0 || n == 1)       return 1;     else       return n * fact(n - 1);   }   long long gcd(long long a, long long b) {     if (a < 0) a = -a;     if (b < 0) b = -b;     if (a == 1 || b == 1)       return 1;     else if (a == 0)       return b;     else if (b == 0)       return a;     else {       long long r = a > b ? a % b : b % a;       if (r == 0)         return min(a, b);       else         return gcd(min(a, b), r);     }   }   bool Comparator(int a, int b) { return (a >= b); }   long long M = 1e9 + 7;   long long solve() {     int n;     cin >> n;     vector<int> inf(n, 0), tt(n, 0), ans(n, 0);     for (long long i = 1; i < n; i++) {       cin >> inf[i];       inf[i]--;     }     tt[1] = 1;     for (long long i = 2; i < n; i++) {       tt[i] = tt[inf[i]] + 1;     }     for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) {       ans[tt[i]]++;     }     long long sum = 0;     for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) {       sum += ans[i] % 2;     }     return sum;   }   int main() {     ios::sync_with_stdio(0);     cin.tie(0);     cout.tie(0);     int t = 1;     while (t--) {       cout << solve() <<   n ;     }     return 0;   }   