func_code_string: #include <bits/stdc++.h>   using namespace std;   const int N = 1e5 + 10;   int ph[N];   int main() {     string s;     cin >> s;     int n = s.size();     for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)       ph[i] = ph[i - 1] + (s[i - 1] >=  A  && s[i - 1] <=  Z  ? 1 : 0);     int ans = 1e5;     for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {       ans = min(ans, i - ph[i] + ph[n] - ph[i]);     }     cout << ans << endl;     return 0;   }   