func_code_string: #include <bits/stdc++.h>   char s[100001];   int a[100000];   int b[100000];   void func() {     int n = strlen(s), i, ans = 1 << 29;     if (isupper(s[0])) {       a[0] = 0;     } else {       a[0] = 1;     }     for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {       if (isupper(s[i])) {         a[i] = a[i - 1];       } else {         a[i] = a[i - 1] + 1;       }     }     if (islower(s[n - 1])) {       b[n - 1] = 0;     } else {       b[n - 1] = 1;     }     for (i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--) {       if (islower(s[i])) {         b[i] = b[i + 1];       } else {         b[i] = b[i + 1] + 1;       }     }     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {       if (i == 0) {         ans = ((ans) < (b[i]) ? (ans) : (b[i]));       }       if (i < n - 1) {         ans = ((ans) < (a[i] + b[i + 1]) ? (ans) : (a[i] + b[i + 1]));       } else {         ans = ((ans) < (a[i]) ? (ans) : (a[i]));       }     }     printf( %d n , ans);   }   int main() {     while (scanf( %s , s) == 1) {       func();     }     return 0;   }   