func_code_string: #include <bits/stdc++.h>   using namespace std;   int constexpr nax = 3e5 + 5;   using ll = int64_t;   const int INF = 1e9;   template <typename T>   struct fenwick {     T bit[nax];     fenwick() { memset(bit, 0, sizeof(bit)); }     void update(int x, T val) {       for (; x < nax; x += x & -x) bit[x] += val;     }     T get(int x) {       int res = 0;       for (; x > 0; x -= x & -x) res += bit[x];       return res;     }     T get(int l, int r) { return get(r) - get(l - 1); }   };   struct segtree {     static constexpr int Mx = 4 * nax;     ll sg[Mx] = {}, tag[Mx] = {};     inline void pull(int v) { sg[v] = min(sg[v * 2], sg[v * 2 + 1]); }     segtree() {       fill(sg, sg + Mx, INF);       fill(tag, tag + Mx, 0);     }     inline void push(int v) {       if (v * 2 + 1 < Mx && tag[v]) {         sg[v * 2] += tag[v];         sg[v * 2 + 1] += tag[v];         tag[v * 2] += tag[v];         tag[v * 2 + 1] += tag[v];       }       tag[v] = 0;     }     inline void update(int v, int x, int y, int l, int r, ll val) {       push(v);       if (l > r) return;       if (l == x && r == y) {         sg[v] += val;         tag[v] += val;         return push(v);       }       int mid = x + y >> 1;       update(v * 2, x, mid, l, min(r, mid), val);       update(v * 2 + 1, mid + 1, y, max(l, mid + 1), r, val);       pull(v);     }     int find_first_neg(int v, int x, int y) {       push(v);       if (x == y) {         assert(sg[v] <= 0);         return x;       } else {         int mid = x + y >> 1;         if (sg[v * 2] <= 0)           return find_first_neg(v * 2, x, mid);         else           return find_first_neg(v * 2 + 1, mid + 1, y);       }     }   };   segtree sg;   fenwick<int> sum;   int n, nq;   int ans[nax];   int b[nax];   vector<pair<int, int>> q[nax];   int main() {     cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(false);     cin >> n >> nq;     for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {       cin >> b[i];       b[i] = i < b[i] ? INF : i - b[i];     }     for (int i = 1; i <= nq; ++i) {       int x, y;       cin >> x >> y;       q[x + 1].emplace_back(n - y, i);     }     for (int i = n; i >= 1; --i) {       sg.update(1, 1, n, i, i, (ll)b[i] - INF);       while (sg.sg[1] <= 0) {         int v = sg.find_first_neg(1, 1, n);         sum.update(v, 1);         sg.update(1, 1, n, v, v, INF);         sg.update(1, 1, n, v, n, -1);       }       for (const auto &[r, id] : q[i]) ans[id] = sum.get(i, r);     }     for (int i = 1; i <= nq; ++i) {       cout << ans[i] <<   n ;     }   }   