func_code_string: #include <bits/stdc++.h>   #pragma GCC target( avx2 )   #pragma GCC optimization( O3 )   #pragma GCC optimization( unroll-loops )   using namespace std;   const int INF = 1e9;   int main() {     string s;     cin >> s;     long long n = s.length();     vector<long long> v;     long long ans = 0;     for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) {       if (int(s[i]) < 97) {         v.push_back(1);       } else {         v.push_back(0);       }     }     vector<long long> p = vector<long long>(n, 0);     p[0] = (v[0] == 0) ? 1 : 0;     for (long long i = 1; i < n; i++) {       p[i] = p[i - 1] + ((v[i] == 0) ? 1 : 0);     }     long long mn = n - p[n - 1];     for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) {       mn = min(mn, p[i] + (n - 1 - i - p[n - 1] + p[i]));     }     cout << mn << endl;   }   