#include <bits/stdc++.h>   using namespace std;   const int N = 100010;   int a[N], p[N], d[N];   int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {     int n, gain = 0;     scanf( %d n , &n);     for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) scanf( %d , p + i);     for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) d[i] = d[p[i]] + 1;     for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) a[d[i]] += 1;     for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) gain += (a[i] % 2);     printf( %d n , gain);     return 0;   }   