int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: forkloop <iterations>\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    int iterations = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10);

    for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
       int n = fork();
       if (n < 0) {
            perror("fork");
            exit(1);
        }
        else if (n == 0) {
            printf("ppid = %d, pid = %d, i = %d\n", getppid(), getpid()>            exit(0);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
Only original parents call fork, and new children do not create additional processes.