challenge: In the context of testing, what distinguishes a norm-referenced test from a criterion-referenced test?
  
  A. Norm-referenced tests assess mastery of specific material, while criterion-referenced tests assess relative ranking.
  B. Norm-referenced tests focus on individual performance, while criterion-referenced tests focus on group performance.
  C. Norm-referenced tests prioritize ranking students, while criterion-referenced tests prioritize actual achievement.
  D. Norm-referenced tests compare test-takers to each other, while criterion-referenced tests measure against a specific standard.
  Answer: 