1The people of Judah chose Josiah's son Joahaz and anointed him king in Jerusalem. 2Joahaz was 23 years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled in Jerusalem for three months. 3King Neco of Egypt took him prisoner and made Judah pay 3.4 tonnes of silver and 34 kilogrammes of gold as tribute. 4#Jer 22.11–12Neco made Joahaz' brother Eliakim king of Judah and changed his name to Jehoiakim. Joahaz was taken to Egypt by Neco.

King Jehoiakim of Judah

(2 Kgs 23.36—24.7)

5#Jer 22.18–19Jer 26.1–6Jer 35.1–19Jehoiakim was 25 years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled in Jerusalem for eleven years. He sinned against the Lord his God. 6#Jer 25.1–38Jer 36.1–32Jer 45.1–5Dan 1.1–2King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia invaded Judah, captured Jehoiakim, and took him to Babylonia in chains. 7Nebuchadnezzar carried off some of the treasures of the Temple and put them in his palace in Babylon. 8Everything that Jehoiakim did, including his disgusting practices and the evil he committed, is recorded in The History of the Kings of Israel and Judah. His son Jehoiachin succeeded him as king.

King Jehoiachin of Judah

(2 Kgs 24.8–17)

9Jehoiachin was eighteen#36.9 Some ancient translations (and see 2 Kgs 24.8) eighteen; Hebrew eight. years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled in Jerusalem for three months and ten days. He too sinned against the Lord. 10#Jer 22.24–30Jer 24.1–10Jer 29.1–2Jer 37.1Ezek 17.1213When spring came, King Nebuchadnezzar took Jehoiachin to Babylonia as a prisoner, and carried off the treasures of the Temple. Then Nebuchadnezzar made Jehoiachin's uncle#36.10 Some ancient translations (and see 2 Kgs 24.17) uncle; Hebrew brother. Zedekiah king of Judah and Jerusalem.

King Zedekiah of Judah

(2 Kgs 24.18–20; Jer 52.1–3a)

11#Jer 27.1–22Jer 28.1–17Zedekiah was 21 years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled in Jerusalem for eleven years. 12He sinned against the Lord and did not listen humbly to the prophet Jeremiah, who spoke the word of the Lord.

The Fall of Jerusalem

(2 Kgs 25.1–21; Jer 52.3b–11)

13#Ezek 17.15Zedekiah rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had forced him to swear in God's name that he would be loyal. He stubbornly refused to repent and return to the Lord, the God of Israel. 14In addition, the leaders of Judah, the priests, and the people followed the sinful example of the nations round them in worshipping idols, and so they defiled the Temple, which the Lord himself had made holy. 15The Lord, the God of their ancestors, had continued to send prophets to warn his people, because he wanted to spare them and the Temple. 16But they ridiculed God's messengers, ignoring his words and laughing at his prophets, until at last the Lord's anger against his people was so great that there was no escape.

17#Jer 21.1–10Jer 34.1–5So the Lord brought the king of Babylonia to attack them. The king killed the young men of Judah, even in the Temple. He had no mercy on anyone, young or old, man or woman, sick or healthy. God handed them all over to him. 18The king of Babylonia looted the Temple, the temple treasury, and the wealth of the king and his officials, and took everything back to Babylon. 19He burnt down the Temple and the city, with all its palaces and its wealth, and broke down the city wall. 20He took all the survivors to Babylonia, where they served him and his descendants as slaves until the rise of the Persian Empire. 21#Jer 25.11Jer 29.10And so what the Lord had foretold through the prophet Jeremiah was fulfilled: “The land will lie desolate for seventy years, to make up for the Sabbath rest#36.21 Sabbath rest: A reference to the requirement of the Law that every seventh year the land was not to be farmed (see Lev 25.1–7). that has not been observed.”

Cyrus Commands the Jews to Return

(Ezra 1.1–4)

22In the first year that Cyrus of Persia was emperor,#36.22 emperor: King Cyrus of Persia occupied the city of Babylon in 539 bc and began to reign as the emperor of Babylonia. the Lord made what he had said through the prophet Jeremiah come true. He prompted Cyrus to issue the following command and send it out in writing to be read aloud everywhere in his empire:

23#Is 44.28“This is the command of Cyrus, Emperor of Persia. The Lord, the God of Heaven, has made me ruler over the whole world and has given me the responsibility of building a temple for him in Jerusalem in Judah. Now, all of you who are God's people, go there, and may the Lord your God be with you.”