article: Shipping containers are a common feature of the Kenyan landscape. You'll find these steel boxes converted into comfortable homes, clinics and offices. Others are turned into shops and granaries to store farm products. But now shipping containers have entered the sphere of learning. Starting this year, national examinations materials will be stored in secure shipping containers and placed under 24-hour armed police surveillance. This is just one of the many new tough measures that the government is introducing to curb cheating in national exams. In a country where people often rely on well-connected relatives and friends to succeed, education is everything. Such is the thirst for personal development that around 20:00 on weekday evenings, you'll find the streets of Nairobi and other urban centres teeming with people of all ages going home from class. Evening classes are a popular way for Kenyans to acquire a second or third degree with the hope of rising higher in life. Competition for promotion or for the few job opportunities that become available is intense, leading to a desperate desire for more and better academic qualifications. Joseph Warungu: "There is a crisis of trust in Kenyan society." This pressure to succeed starts at primary school. As a result, cartels have emerged to take advantage. Working with some of the former national examinations council officials, police officers and teachers, these cartels have found a way to get hold of exam papers and sell them to desperate students and parents. But last year things got out of hand as the cheating reached industrial proportions. More than 5,000 primary and secondary school students had their exam results cancelled; the national examinations board was disbanded and some senior managers fired. Nearly 200 people including police officers were arrested and charged over exam malpractices. There is a crisis of trust in Kenyan society. The government cannot trust the teacher to prepare the students for exams without cheating. The teacher cannot trust the government to oversee the exams without cheating. The student cannot trust himself to pass the exam without cheating. And so in comes the tough steel containers to try and safeguard trust. This year the government is not taking any chances. By the time national exams begin in November, invigilators will have been vetted afresh. Head teachers will now be held personally liable for any incidents of cheating that occur in their schools because they will have the sole responsibility of collecting from, and returning, the exam materials to the containers at central distribution points. The government is so confident of the measures it has taken that the cabinet secretary for education gave this warning: "I want to tell all children in candidate classes, that they better prepare for the exams. The monkey business that has been going on shall never happen again". But education is not the only sector suffering from the trust deficit. Governance is badly hit. Recently, a group of more than 30 elected County Assembly members, who were planning to impeach their Nyeri county governor in central Kenya, decided to spend the night inside the County
summary: In our series of letters from African journalists, Joseph Warungu, a former high-school teacher, examines the measures the Kenyan government has put in place to tackle cheating in national exams, which begin in early November.