article: The National Records of Scotland (NRS) figures showed an increase of 31,700 (0.6%) people over the year to the end of June 2016. It said the increase was due to migration, with 31,700 more people moving to Scotland than leaving. The number of deaths exceeded births by 800, while other changes resulted in an increase of 800 people. These other changes included variations in the prison population and in the number of armed forces personnel stationed in Scotland. The mid-year population estimate figures for 2016 show: Scotland's population has increased by 6% since 1996 (when it was 5,092,190)
summary: Scotland's population continued to increase last year, rising to a record 5,404,700.