ما الذي يستخدم ⟨◌ ʱ⟩?
 اللاهث-اعرب اطلاق سراح obstruents.
Some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to murmured sonorants, such as vowels and nasals, which are murmured throughout their duration, and use the superscript hook-aitch ⟨◌ʱ⟩ for the breathy-voiced release of obstruents. بعض علماء اللغة يحد من ال ⟨◌ ၢ⟩ ل جوزو الغنة, مثل حروف العلة و الحروف, والتي جوزو طوال فترة طويلة, وتستخدم ال هوك-aitch ⟨◌ ل⟩ ل  اللاهث-اعرب اطلاق سراح obstruents. Algunos lingüistas restringen el doble punto subíndice ⟨◌ ၢ⟩ para murmuró sonorants, tales como vocales y nasales, que se murmuró a lo largo de su duración, y utilizan el superíndice hook-Hache ⟨◌ ʱ⟩ para la  Entrecortada-voz liberación de obstruents. Một số nhà hạn chế các mathrm hai chấm ⟨◌ ၢ⟩ để lằm sonorants, như nguyên âm và nasals, mà là lằm bằm trong suốt thời gian của họ, và sử dụng móc hook-aitch ⟨◌ ʱ⟩ cho  #-nói Phát hành của obstruents.
In times past, until the 15th century, in Korea, Literary Chinese was the dominant form of written communication, prior to the creation of hangul, the Korean alphabet. Much of the vocabulary, especially in the realms of science and sociology, comes directly from Chinese, comparable to Latin or Greek root words in European languages. However, due to the lack of tones in Korean,[citation needed] as the words were imported from Chinese, many dissimilar characters took on identical sounds, and subsequently identical spelling in hangul.[citation needed] Chinese characters are sometimes used to this day for either clarification in a practical manner, or to give a distinguished appearance, as knowledge of Chinese characters is considered a high class attribute and an indispensable part of a classical education.[citation needed] It is also observed that the preference for Chinese characters is treated as being conservative and Confucian. Chữ lớn hơn của bảng chữ cái Nga bao gồm ⟨ѣ⟩, mà hợp nhất với ⟨O⟩ (/ je / hoặc / je /); ⟨í⟩ và ⟨ѵ⟩, mà cả hai đều hợp nhất với ⟨i⟩ (/ tôi /); ⟨ѳ⟩, mà hợp nhất với ⟨f⟩ (/ f /); ⟨ѫ⟩, mà hợp nhất với ⟨u⟩ (/ u /); ⟨ѭ⟩, mà hợp nhất với ⟨ û ⟩ (/ ju / hoặc / ju /); và ⟨ѧ / ⟨ѩ⟩⟩, mà sau đó là đồ reshaped vào ⟨Tạo⟩ và hợp nhất phonetically để / ja / hoặc / ja /. Trong khi những lá thư cũ này đã bị bỏ rơi vào một thời điểm hoặc một người khác, họ có thể được sử dụng trong các bài viết này và liên quan. Cái ⟨ʺ⟩ và ⟨ʹ⟩ ban đầu chỉ ra cách phát âm của ultra-ngắn hoặc giảm / ự /, / tôi /. A commonly seen example is the double happiness symbol 囍, formed as a ligature of 喜喜 and referred to by its disyllabic name (simplified Chinese: 双喜; traditional Chinese: 雙喜; pinyin: shuāngxǐ). In handwriting, numbers are very frequently squeezed into one space or combined – common ligatures include 廿 niàn, "twenty", normally read as 二十 èrshí, 卅 sà, "thirty", normally read as 三十 sānshí, and 卌 xì "forty", normally read as 四十 "sìshí". In some cases counters are also merged into one character, such as 七十人 qīshí rén "seventy people". Another common abbreviation is 门 with a "T" written inside it, for 問題, 问题, wèntí ("question; problem"), where the "T" is from pinyin for the second syllable tí 题. Since polysyllabic characters are often non-standard, they are often excluded incharcter dictionaries. दोनों मानकों के बीच सबसे उल्लेखनीय अंतर कुछ टॉनिक है ⟨ई⟩ accentuation, उदाहरण के लिए: फ्रांसिस, anglès (आईईसी) - francés, कोण (avl) । फिर भी, avl का मानक कब्र के लहजे को रखता है ⟨è⟩, इस ⟨ई⟩ के रूप में / ɛ का उच्चारण किए बिना /, कुछ शब्दों में जैसे: què (' क्या '), या मद्रिद । अन्य divergences में ⟨टीएल⟩ (avl) का उपयोग शामिल है ⟨tll⟩ की बजाय कुछ शब्दों में⟩ तरह / ametlla (' बादाम '), espatla / espatlla (' बैक '), elided का उपयोग demonstratives (एस्टे ', eixe ' वह ') एक ही स्तर में प्रबलित लोगों के रूप में (aquest, aqueix) या कई मौखिक रूपों का उपयोग वैलेंसियाई में आम है, और इनमें से कुछ पश्चिमी कैटलन में भी आम हैं, जैसे subjunctive मूड या inchoative संयुग्मन इन-ix-एक ही स्तर पर-इक्स-या 1 st व्यक्ति एकवचन में 1 st में प्राथमिकता का प्राथमिकता उपयोग (-ar क्रिया): जो व्यापक के बजाय जो (' मैं खरीदता हूँ ') 现代中文词典中发现的最复杂的角色之一[g]是齉(u+ 9 f49) (nang, 聆听(帮助·信息), 图中, 中间图像), 意思是哼哼(这是一个被阻塞的鼻子的发音), 只有三十六次中风. 但是, 这不是常用的. 使用微软新语音ime 2002 a为传统中文输入的最复杂的角色是龘(dá, 一个龙飞的外观). 它由龙基组成, 代表三次, 总共16 × 3 = 48中风. 现代字典中最复杂的角色之一, 也在经常的现代使用中是籲(jìn, 恳求), 有32中风; 鬱(jìn, 华丽, 郁郁葱葱; 忧郁), 有29个中风, 在憂鬱(youyu, 郁闷); 豔(yan, 多彩), 有28中风; 和釁(新, 争吵), 有25中风, 像在挑釁(tiǎoxìn, 挑一个战斗). 还有偶尔的现代使用是鱻(仙新鲜; 变体仙的变体)有33中风. One of the most complex characters found in modern Chinese dictionaries[g] is 齉 (U+9F49) (nàng,  listen (help·info), pictured below, middle image), meaning "snuffle" (that is, a pronunciation marred by a blocked nose), with "just" thirty-six strokes. However, this is not in common use. The most complex character that can be input using the Microsoft New Phonetic IME 2002a for traditional Chinese is 龘 (dá, "the appearance of a dragon flying"). It is composed of the dragon radical represented three times, for a total of 16 × 3 = 48 strokes. Among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries and also in frequent modern use are 籲 (yù, "to implore"), with 32 strokes; 鬱 (yù, "luxuriant, lush; gloomy"), with 29 strokes, as in 憂鬱 (yōuyù, "depressed"); 豔 (yàn, "colorful"), with 28 strokes; and 釁 (xìn, "quarrel"), with 25 strokes, as in 挑釁 (tiǎoxìn, "to pick a fight"). Also in occasional modern use is 鱻 (xiān "fresh"; variant of 鮮 xiān) with 33 strokes. Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /ʲa/. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The yers ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ originally indicated the pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced /ŭ/, /ĭ/. Sung文本的翻译-无论这种类型的意思是要唱的还是一个更多或更少的字面类型意味着要阅读-也被用作对观众, 歌手和导体的艾滋病, 当一个工作是以一种不知道的语言唱的对他们来说. 最熟悉的类型是在歌剧表演中, 被插入演唱会节目的字幕或字幕, 以及伴随着声乐音乐的商业音频cd的翻译. 此外, 专业和业余歌手经常以他们不知道的语言唱(或不知道), 翻译然后被用来了解他们在唱歌的含义. समय की लैटिन वर्णमाला में अभी भी अक्षरों ⟨j⟩ और ⟨w⟩ की कमी है, और ⟨यू⟩ से अलग कोई ⟨v⟩ नहीं था; अतिरिक्त देशी पुरानी अंग्रेजी वर्तनी ने ⟨k⟩, ⟨q⟩ या ⟨z⟩ का उपयोग नहीं किया । शेष 20 लैटिन अक्षरों को चार और से पूरा किया गया: ⟨æ⟩ (æsc, आधुनिक ऐश) और ⟨ð (ðæt, अब eth या edh कहा जाता है), जो लैटिन अक्षरों को संशोधित किया गया था, और कांटा ⟨þ⟩ और व्यान ⟨ƿ⟩, जो futhorc से उधार हैं । कुछ अक्षर जोड़े को digraphs के रूप में इस्तेमाल किया गया था, एक ध्वनि का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हुए । इसका भी इस्तेमाल किया गया था tironian नोट ⟨⁊⟩ (अंक 7 के समान एक चरित्र), और सर्वनाम þæt के लिए ascender के माध्यम से एक कांटा के साथ एक कांटा के साथ एक कांटा । स्वरों पर macrons का मूल रूप से लंबे स्वर (आधुनिक संस्करण के रूप में) को चिह्नित करने के लिए नहीं किया गया था, लेकिन तनाव को इंगित करने के लिए, या निम्न एम या एन के लिए संक्षिप्त के रूप में 一个常见的例子是双重 幸福 符号囍, 构成了喜喜的一个捆绑, 并由其汉语名称(简体中文: 双喜; 传统中文: 雙喜; 拼音: 双溪). 在手写中, 数字经常被挤入一个空间或合并-常见的连字包括廿年, 二十, 通常阅读为二十èrshí, 卅sà, 三十, 通常阅读为三十sanshi, 和卌习近四十四, 通常阅读为四十sishi. 在有些情况下, 柜台也合并成一个角色, 如七十人qīshí ren人. 另一个常见的缩写是门, 有一个t写在它里面, 为黄昏, 问题, wenti (问题; 问题), t是来自拼音的第二个音节samatina者. 由于复角色往往是非标准的, 他们经常被排除在incharcter字典之外.