لماذا قام بعض الملاك بحرق مبانيهم الخاصة?
كان اكثر ربحا للحصول على اموال التامين اكثر من تجديد او بيع مبنى في منطقة تعاني من مشاكل شديدة
In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to get insurance money than to refurbish or sell a building in a severely distressed area. The Bronx became identified with a high rate of poverty and unemployment, which was mainly a persistent problem in the South Bronx. في 1970 s, برونكس ابتليت بم موجة من الحرائق. كان حرق المباني في الغالب في اشد المجتمعات فقرا, مثل جنوب برونكس. وكان التفسير الاكثر شيوعا لما حدث هو ان اصحاب العقارات قرروا حرق مبانيهم المنخفضة القيمة و اخذ اموال التامين لانه كان اكثر ربحا للحصول على اموال التامين اكثر من تجديد او بيع مبنى في منطقة تعاني من مشاكل شديدة. وقد تم التعرف على برونكس مع ارتفاع معدل الفقر وال البطالة, والتي كانت اساسا مشكلة مستمرة في جنوب برونكس. In den 1970 er Jahren wurde die Bronx von einer Welle der Brandstiftung geplagt. Die Verbrennung von Gebäuden war überwiegend in den ärmsten Gemeinden, wie in der South Bronx. Die häufigsten Erklärung, was passiert ist, war, dass die Vermieter beschlossen haben, ihre niedrigen Immobilien-Gebäude zu verbrennen und die Versicherung zu nehmen, da es mehr lukrativ war, Geld zu erhalten, als ein Gebäude in einem schwer notleidenden Bereich zu renovieren oder zu verkaufen. Die Bronx wurde mit einer hohen Rate an Armut und Arbeitslosigkeit identifiziert, die in der South Bronx vor allem ein anhaltendes Problem war. 1970 के दशक में आगजनी की एक लहर से ब्रोंक्स ग्रस्त हो गया था । इमारतों का जलना मुख्य रूप से सबसे गरीब समुदायों में था, जैसे दक्षिण ब्रोंक्स । इस बात का सबसे आम स्पष्टीकरण यह था कि जमींदारों ने अपनी कम संपत्ति-मूल्य इमारतों को जलाने का फैसला किया और बीमा पैसे ले लिया क्योंकि यह एक गंभीर परेशान क्षेत्र में एक इमारत को बेचने या बेचने के बजाय बीमा पैसे प्राप्त करने के लिए अधिक आकर्षक था । गरीबी और बेरोजगारी की एक उच्च दर के साथ ब्रोंक्स की पहचान की गई, जो मुख्य रूप से दक्षिण ब्रोंक्स में एक स्थायी समस्या थी । Vào những năm 1970, Bronx đã bị quấy rầy bởi một làn sóng hỏa hoạn. Sự bùng cháy của các tòa nhà là chủ yếu trong các cộng đồng nghèo nhất, giống như South Bronx. Lời giải thích phổ biến nhất về những gì đã xảy ra là chủ nhà đã quyết định đốt cháy các tòa nhà giá trị tài sản thấp của họ và lấy tiền bảo hiểm vì nó có lợi nhuận hơn để có được tiền bảo hiểm hơn là làm lại hoặc bán một tòa nhà trong một khu vực đau khổ nghiêm trọng. Bronx đã được xác định với tỷ lệ nghèo và thất nghiệp cao, mà chủ yếu là một vấn đề bền bỉ ở South Bronx. 在1970世纪1970年代, 布朗克斯被一波纵火困扰. 建筑物的燃烧主要是在最贫穷的社区, 就像南布朗克斯. 最常见的解释是, 业主决定烧掉他们的低财产价值建筑, 并拿到保险钱, 因为获得保险钱比翻新或出售一个严重痛苦地区的建筑更有利可图. 布朗克斯被确定为高贫困率和失业率, 这主要是在南 布 朗 克 斯的一个持续存在的问题.
Năm 295, một Maximilian không từ chối dịch vụ quân sự; năm 298 Marcellus từ bỏ lời thề quân sự của mình. Cả hai đều bị hành hình vì phản bội; cả hai đều là Thiên Chúa giáo. Vào một khoảng thời gian khoảng 302, một báo cáo về thảm hại haruspicy trong domus ' s domus và một tiếp theo (nhưng undated) dictat của placatory hy sinh bởi toàn bộ quân đội đã kích hoạt một loạt edicts chống lại đạo Cơ đốc. Lần đầu tiên (303 quảng cáo) đã ra lệnh phá hủy các tòa nhà nhà thờ và văn bản Christian, các dịch vụ cấm được tổ chức, các quan chức bị thoái hóa là những người theo đạo Cơ đốc, lại làm nô lệ cho hoàng gia tự, người đã là thiên chúa giáo, và giảm các quyền [Vật lý] hoặc các hình phạt thủ đô không được áp dụng cho họ nhưng sớm sau, một số người Cơ đốc giáo nghi ngờ về việc cố gắng phóng hỏa trong cung điện đã bị hành hình. Chương trình thứ hai đe dọa các linh mục Christian với tù giam và thứ ba đề nghị họ tự do nếu họ thực hiện sự hy sinh. Một sắc lệnh của 304 dạy hy sinh phổ biến cho các vị thần truyền thống, trong các điều khoản mà nhớ lại lệnh Decian. Hasta el final de su vida, bell y su familia se alterna entre las dos casas, pero beinn bhreagh, en los próximos 30 años, se convirtió en más que una casa de verano como bell se convirtió en tan absorbido en sus experimentos que sus estancias anuales alargado. Tanto Mabel como bell se convirtieron en la comunidad de baddeck y fueron aceptados por los aldeanos como propios.[n 22] las campanas todavía estaban en residencia en beinn bhreagh cuando la explosión de halifax ocurrió el 6 de diciembre de 1917. Mabel y bell movilizaron a la comunidad para ayudar a las víctimas en halifax. 加德满都的古老历史在其传统神话和传奇中被描述. 根据swayambhu purana, 今天的加德满都曾经是一个巨大和深深的湖名字, 因为它充满了蛇. 这湖被bodhisatwa manjusri用他的剑割掉, 水从那里疏散, 他建立了一个叫manjupattan的城市, 并使dharmakar成为山谷土地的统治者. 有时候, 一个叫banasur的恶魔关闭了奥特莱斯, 山谷又是一个湖. 然后很多克 里 希 纳来到尼泊尔, 杀死了banasur, 再次耗尽了水. 他与他带来了一些gpo, 并使bhuktaman成为尼泊尔国王. In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consultations between private diviners and their clients were thus suspect. So were divinatory techniques such as astrology when used for illicit, subversive or magical purposes. Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in 139 BC and 33 BC. In 16 BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death. "Egyptian rites" were particularly suspect: Augustus banned them within the pomerium to doubtful effect; Tiberius repeated and extended the ban with extreme force in AD 19. Despite several Imperial bans, magic and astrology persisted among all social classes. In the late 1st century AD, Tacitus observed that astrologers "would always be banned and always retained at Rome". 除了分裂, 西方教会被神学争议所破坏, 其中一些变成异端. 约翰·威克里夫(d. 1384), 一个英国神学家, 在1415年被谴责为一个异教徒, 因为教俗人应该有机会获得圣经的文本, 并在圣餐上持有相反的观点去教会理论. 威克里夫的教义影响了后中世纪的两个主要的异端运动: 英格兰的lollardy和波希米亚的hussitism. 波西米亚运动开始于一月1415日的教学, 他被康斯坦茨理事会谴责为异教徒, 在1415年被烧死. 胡斯教堂虽然是一个十字军东征的目标, 但在中世纪后幸存下来. 其他异端是制造的, 如对圣殿骑士的指控, 这导致1312年的镇压和他们在法国国王菲利普四世(r. 1285-1314)和医院管理局之间的巨大财富. 圣地亚哥及其穷乡僻壤受到定期野火的影响. 2003年十月, 圣地亚哥是雪松火的地点, 它被称为在加利福尼亚州过去一个世纪最大的野火. 火灾烧毁了280,000英亩(1,100平方公里), 杀死了15人, 摧毁了超过 2,200 家的家园. 除了火灾造成的损害之外, 烟雾导致紧急房间的访问大大增加, 因为哮喘, 呼吸道问题, 眼睛刺激和吸入烟雾; 差的空气质量导致圣地亚哥县学校关闭一周. 四年后的野火摧毁了一些地区, 特别是在兰彻·贝尔纳多, 兰彻·圣达菲和雷蒙娜 Masonic lodges created a private model for public affairs. They "reconstituted the polity and established a constitutional form of self-government, complete with constitutions and laws, elections and representatives." In other words, the micro-society set up within the lodges constituted a normative model for society as a whole. This was especially true on the Continent: when the first lodges began to appear in the 1730s, their embodiment of British values was often seen as threatening by state authorities. For example, the Parisian lodge that met in the mid 1720s was composed of English Jacobite exiles. Furthermore, freemasons all across Europe explicitly linked themselves to the Enlightenment as a whole. In French lodges, for example, the line "As the means to be enlightened I search for the enlightened" was a part of their initiation rites. British lodges assigned themselves the duty to "initiate the unenlightened". This did not necessarily link lodges to the irreligious, but neither did this exclude them from the occasional heresy. In fact, many lodges praised the Grand Architect, the masonic terminology for the deistic divine being who created a scientifically ordered universe. 295 में, एक निश्चित मैक्सीमिलियन ने सैन्य सेवा से इनकार कर दिया; 298 में मार्सेलस ने अपनी सैन्य शपथ को त्याग दिया । दोनों को देशद्रोह के लिए अंजाम दिया गया; दोनों ईसाई थे । 302 के आसपास कुछ समय में, diocletian के domus में अशुभ haruspicy की एक रिपोर्ट और एक बाद (लेकिन नागजारी) ने पूरे सैन्य द्वारा बलिदान की एक श्रृंखला शुरू की, ईसाई धर्म के खिलाफ के की एक श्रृंखला शुरू की । पहला (303 ईस्वी) ने चर्च इमारतों और ईसाई ग्रंथों के विनाश का आदेश दिया, मना किया गया सेवाओं को आयोजित किया गया, अपमानित अधिकारियों जो ईसाई थे, फिर से ग़ुलाम शाही कुरेनी जो ईसाई थे, और सभी ईसाइयों के कानूनी अधिकारों को कम कर दिया... [भौतिक] या पूंजी दंड उन पर लागू नहीं किया गया था, लेकिन जल्द ही, कई ईसाइयों को महल में आगजनी की कोशिश करने के संदिग्ध को अंजाम दिया गया था । दूसरे आदेश ने ईसाई पुजारियों को कारावास के साथ धमकी दी और तीसरे ने उन्हें स्वतंत्रता की पेशकश की अगर उन्होंने बलिदान किया । 304 का एक आदेश पारंपरिक देवताओं को सार्वभौमिक बलिदान का आदेश दिया गया है, जो कि decian आदेश को याद करता है । In 295, a certain Maximilian refused military service; in 298 Marcellus renounced his military oath. Both were executed for treason; both were Christians. At some time around 302, a report of ominous haruspicy in Diocletian's domus and a subsequent (but undated) dictat of placatory sacrifice by the entire military triggered a series of edicts against Christianity. The first (303 AD) "ordered the destruction of church buildings and Christian texts, forbade services to be held, degraded ofﬁcials who were Christians, re-enslaved imperial freedmen who were Christians, and reduced the legal rights of all Christians... [Physical] or capital punishments were not imposed on them" but soon after, several Christians suspected of attempted arson in the palace were executed. The second edict threatened Christian priests with imprisonment and the third offered them freedom if they performed sacrifice. An edict of 304 enjoined universal sacrifice to traditional gods, in terms that recall the Decian edict. الملاك, islington كان سابقا نزل تدريب, الاول على الطريق نحو الشمال من لندن, حيث يعتقد ان توماس بين قد كتب الكثير من حقوق الانسان. تم ذكرها من قبل تشارلز ديكنز, اصبح منزل ليونز كورنر, وهو الان بنك تعاون.