 The Arbalète sauterelle type A allowed bombs to be thrown into trenches beginning what was called what?
Trench warfare
Trench warfare
Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
 The most famous use of trench warfare is the Western Front in World War I.
 It has become a byword for stalemate, attrition, sieges and futility in conflict.
Sauterelle
The Arbalète sauterelle type A, or simply Sauterelle (French for grasshopper), was a bomb-throwing crossbow used by French, and British forces on the Western Front during World War I.
 It was designed to throw a hand grenade in a high trajectory into enemy trenches.
 It was initially dismissed by the French Army but General Henri Berthelot thought it had practical value.
Italian Unabomber
The Italian Unabomber is a name given by the international media to an unknown terrorist tied to a series of booby-trap bombings in northern Italy, specifically in the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions, which began in 1994.
 Italian law enforcement officials and the FBI believed that Unabomber is Elvo Zornitta, a 49-year-old engineer who has been charged with planting 20 bombs after police raided his home in August 2006.
 Though it is possible a group is behind the attacks, the prevailing assumption of the investigation and media reports is that one man is behind the crimes.
 Dubbed the Unabomber by the Italian media and correspondingly called the Italian Unabomber by the international press, the bomber is named after the American convicted murderer Theodore Kaczynski, referred to as the "Unabomber" during his criminal career.
 Kaczynski planted miniature bombs in mail packages sent to selected targets that killed three people and injured 23.
 Similar to Kaczynski, the Italian Unabomber hides bombs in everyday items, though never targeting anyone in particular.
 Instead, his bombs are set off by whoever happens to handle the booby-trapped object, including pens, candy containers and food jars.
 These objects are generally then placed in public places to await activation and are designed not to kill, but only to seriously injure a single person at short distance.
 Many of these devices are meant for small children using chocolate eggs, coloring markers, and bubble blowing tubes.
 Generally, the explosions severely injure limbs, hands, arms, faces and most of all eyes.
 Unlike Kaczynski, the attacker has made no political or economic demands.
 Several of his devices seem to have been planted in the "Continente" supermarket in the city of Portogruaro. Volcanic bomb
A volcanic bomb is a mass of molten rock (tephra) larger than 64 mm (2.5 inches) in diameter, formed when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption.
 They cool into solid fragments before they reach the ground.
 Because volcanic bombs cool after they leave the volcano, they are extrusive igneous rocks.
 Volcanic bombs can be thrown many kilometres from an erupting vent, and often acquire aerodynamic shapes during their flight.
 Bombs can be extremely large; the 1935 eruption of Mount Asama in Japan expelled bombs measuring 5–6 m in diameter up to 600 m from the vent.
 Volcanic bombs are a significant volcanic hazard, and can cause severe injuries and death to people in an eruption zone.
 One such incident occurred at Galeras volcano in Colombia in 1993; six people near the summit were killed and several seriously injured by lava bombs when the volcano erupted unexpectedly. Aerial bomb
An aerial bomb is a type of explosive weapon intended to travel through the air with predictable trajectories, usually designed to be dropped from an aircraft.
 Aerial bombs include a vast range and complexity of designs, from unguided gravity bombs to guided bombs, hand tossed from a vehicle, to needing a large specially built delivery vehicle; or perhaps "be" the vehicle itself such as a glide bomb, instant detonation or delay-action bomb.
 The act is termed aerial bombing.
 As with other types of explosive weapons, aerial bombs are designed to kill and injure people and destroy materiel through the projection of blast and fragmentation outwards from the point of detonation. Blast bomb
Blast bomb is a term used in Northern Ireland for a type of improvised explosive device.
 More specifically, these devices are usually a form of homemade grenade, which is thrown at a target.
 These devices have been used in a number of public order situations, and in attacks on the Royal Ulster Constabulary, its successor Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) and British Army.
 A police officer was killed by a blast bomb in Northern Ireland during The Troubles by loyalists and in 2001 Loyalist protesters threw a blast bomb at Catholic schoolgirls, some as young as 4 years old, making their way to school in September 2001.
 Ordinary fireworks are sometimes used in a similar fashion to blast bombs.
 Such devices which are packed with nails are referred to as nail bombs. Trenchless technology
Trenchless technology is a type of subsurface construction work that requires few trenches or no continuous trenches.
 It is a rapidly growing sector of the construction and civil engineering industry.
 It can be defined as "a family of methods, materials, and equipment capable of being used for the installation of new or replacement or rehabilitation of existing underground infrastructure with minimal disruption to surface traffic, business, and other activities." Poena cullei
Poena cullei (from Latin 'penalty of the sack') under Roman law was a type of death penalty imposed on a subject who had been found guilty of parricide.
 The punishment consisted of being sewn up in a leather sack, sometimes with an assortment of live animals, and then being thrown into water.
 The punishment may have varied widely in its frequency and precise form during the Roman period.
 For example, the earliest fully documented case is from ca. 100 BCE, although scholars think the punishment may have developed about a century earlier (earlier than that, murderers, including parricides, would be handed over to the aggrieved family for punishment, rather than punishment being enacted by Roman state officials).
 Inclusion of live animals in the sack is only documented from Early Imperial times, and at the beginning, only snakes are mentioned.
 At the time of Emperor Hadrian (2nd century CE), the most well known form of the punishment was documented, where a cock, a dog, a monkey and a viper were inserted in the sack.
 However, at the time of Hadrian "poena cullei" was made into an optional form of punishment for parricides (the alternate being thrown to the beasts in the arena).
 During the 3rd century CE up to the accession of Emperor Constantine, "poena cullei" fell out of use; Constantine revived it, now with only serpents to be added in the sack.
 Well over 200 years later, Emperor Justinian reinstituted the punishment with the four animals, and "poena cullei" remained the statutory penalty for parricides within Byzantine law for the next 400 years, when it was replaced with the punishment for parricides to be burnt alive instead. Bombe Guidée Laser
Bombe Guidée Laser (BGL) laser-guided bombs were developed by Matra (now MBDA) starting in 1978.
 The guidance system had to work using the same principles as the US Paveway guided bombs.
 The guidance kits were intended as modifications to existing free fall bombs that were in service with the French Air Force.
 The semi active laser homing (SALH) guidance system was developed starting from the AS-30 laser-guided missile sensor.
 The guidance system allowed for in-flight target illumination by the aircraft-mounted ATLIS 2 (Automatic Tracking Laser Illumination System) or with ground-based laser designator targeting pod. Changeup
A changeup is a type of pitch in baseball and fastpitch softball.
 The changeup is the staple off-speed pitch, usually thrown to look like a fastball but arriving much more slowly to the plate.
 Its reduced speed coupled with its deceptive delivery is meant to confuse the batter's timing.
 It is meant to be thrown the same as a fastball, but farther back in the hand, which makes it release from the hand slower while still retaining the look of a fastball.
 A changeup is generally thrown to be 8–15 miles per hour slower than a fastball.
 If thrown correctly, the changeup will confuse the batter because the human eye cannot discern that the ball is coming significantly slower until it is around 30 feet from the plate.
 For example, a batter swinging at the ball as if it were a 90 mph fastball when it is coming in at 75 mph means he is swinging too early to hit the ball well, making the changeup very effective.