Which American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian and civil rights activist coined the term of the Black Cabinet, or Federal Council of Negro Affairs or Black Brain Trust?
Mary Jane McLeod Bethune
Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (born Mary Jane McLeod; July 10, 1875 – May 18, 1955) was an American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian and civil rights activist best known for starting a private school for African-American students in Daytona Beach, Florida.
 She attracted donations of time and money, and developed the academic school as a college.
 It later continued to develop as Bethune-Cookman University.
 She also was appointed as a national adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of what was known as his Black Cabinet.
 She was known as "The First Lady of The Struggle" because of her commitment to gain better lives for African Americans.
Black Cabinet
The Black Cabinet, or Federal Council of Negro Affairs or Black Brain Trust, was the informal term for a group of African-Americans who served as public policy advisors to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor Roosevelt in his 1933-45 terms in office.
 There was no official organization.
 The term was coined in 1936 by Mary McLeod Bethune and was occasionally used in the press.
 By mid-1935, there were 45 African Americans working in federal executive departments and New Deal agencies.
Jonathan Daniels
Jonathan Myrick Daniels (March 20, 1939 – August 20, 1965) was an Episcopal seminarian and civil rights activist.
 In 1965 he was assassinated by a shotgun-wielding construction worker, Tom Coleman, who was a special county deputy, in Hayneville, Alabama while in the act of shielding 17-year-old Ruby Sales.
 He saved the life of the young black civil rights activist.
 They both were working in the Civil Rights Movement in Lowndes County to integrate public places and register black voters after passage of the Voting Rights Act that summer.
 Daniels' death generated further support for the Civil Rights Movement. Myrlie Evers-Williams
Myrlie Louise Evers–Williams (née Beasley; born March 17, 1933) is an American civil rights activist of the Civil Rights Movement and journalist who worked for over three decades to seek justice for the murder of her civil rights activist husband Medgar Evers in 1963.
 She was also chairwoman of the NAACP, and published several books on topics related to civil rights and her husband’s legacy.
 On January 21, 2013, she delivered the invocation at the second inauguration of Barack Obama. Septima Poinsette Clark
Septima Poinsette Clark (May 3, 1898 – December 15, 1987) was an American educator and civil rights activist.
 Clark developed the literacy and citizenship workshops that played an important role in the drive for voting rights and civil rights for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement.
 Septima Clark's work was commonly under appreciated by Southern male activists.
 She became known as the "Queen mother" or "Grandmother" of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.
 Martin Luther King, Jr. commonly referred to Clark as "The Mother of the Movement".
 Clark's argument for her position in the Civil Rights Movement was one that claimed "knowledge could empower marginalized groups in ways that formal legal equality couldn't." Dan Desdunes
Daniel F. Desdunes (c.1870 – April 24, 1929) was a civil rights activist and musician in New Orleans and Omaha.
 In 1892, he volunteered to board a train car designated for whites in violation of the 1890 Separate Car Act to allow New Orleans civil rights activist involved in the Comité des Citoyens to challenge the law in the courts.
 The train he boarded was an inter-state train, and it was found the law did not apply in this case.
 Shortly later, another member of the Comité des Citoyens, Homer Plessy, boarded an intrastate train leading to the case, Plessy vs Ferguson.
 Desduens became a musician, directing bands, orchestras, and minstrel shows and playing many instruments, including the coronet, the violin, the baritone horn, and the trombone.
 He was known for many styles, including minstrel, ragtime, jazz, gospel, classical, and marching.
 He performed under the direction of Perry George Lowery in the P. T. Wright led Nashville Students and under Harry Prampin in Lash E. Gideon's Grand Afro American Mastodon Minstrels and Gideons Big Minstrel Carnival.
 In 1904 he moved to Omaha where his band became a fixture in civic life and he also led the Boys Town Band at Father Flanagan's Boys Town.
 He was described as the "father of negro musicians of Omaha" in Harrison J. Pinkett's 1937 manuscript, "An Historical Sketch of the Omaha Negro." Jacob C. White Jr.
Jacob "Jake" C. White Jr. (1837 – November 11, 1902) was an American educator, intellectual, and civil rights activist.
 Born to a successful and influential businessman, White received the finest education afforded to African-Americans of the time and became intertwined in the dealings of Philadelphia's most prominent black leaders.
 The first black man in the city to be appointed as a school principal, White is recognized for his position at Roberts Vaux Consolidated School.
 During his tenure between 1864 and 1896, White reformed the institute and became the leading figure in the field of urban education in Philadelphia.
 Alongside his academic endeavors, White was significant in the sports field: he helped establish the Philadelphia Pythians, an early black baseball club.
 Following the shooting of his friend and fellow activist Octavius Catto in 1871, White became the top civil rights activist in the city, and remained active in the community until his death in 1902. Bob Moses (activist)
Robert Parris "Bob" Moses (born January 31, 1935) is an American educator and civil rights activist, known for his work as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee on voter education and registration in Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement.
 He was a graduate of Hamilton College and completed a master's in philosophy at Harvard University. Patricia M. Derian
Patricia Murphy "Patt" Derian (August 12, 1929 – May 20, 2016) was an American civil rights and human rights activist, who fought racism in Mississippi and went on to serve as Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs from 1977 to 1981.
 She was, remembered The Times of London, "a courageous champion of civil rights who took on some of the world’s most brutal dictators in her role as a senior American diplomat." Richard Aoki
Richard Masato Aoki ( or ; 20 November 1938 – 15 March 2009) was an American educator and college counselor, best known as a civil rights activist and early member of the Black Panther Party.
 He joined the early Black Panther Party and was eventually promoted to the position of Field Marshal.
 Although there were several Asian Americans in the Black Panther Party, Aoki was the only one to have a formal leadership position.
 Following Aoki's death, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's records on him were obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, showing that, over a period of 15 years, he had been an informant for the government on the activities of the San Francisco area dissident movement.