What reserve was established in 1991 to protect the habitat of the "Pan paniscus"?
Lomako Forest Reserve
Bonobo
The bonobo ( or ; "Pan paniscus"), formerly called the pygmy chimpanzee and less often, the dwarf or gracile chimpanzee, is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus "Pan"; the other is "Pan troglodytes", or the common chimpanzee.
 Although the name "chimpanzee" is sometimes used to refer to both species together, it is usually understood as referring to the common chimpanzee, whereas "Pan paniscus" is usually referred to as the bonobo.
Réserve Naturelle Lomako Yokokala
The Lomako Forest Reserve is found in Democratic Republic of the Congo.
 It was established in 1991 especially to protect the habitat of the Bonobo apes.
 This site covers 3,601.88 km² 
Volga-Kama Nature Reserve
Volga-Kama Nature Reserve (Russian: Волжско-Камский заповедник ) (also Volzhsko-Kamsky, Vosshko-Kamisky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict ecological reserve) at the confluence of the Volga River, the Kama River, and the Myosha River.
 There are two sections to the reserve, one on the left bank terraces of the Volga, at the actual meeting point of the rivers, the other section about 100 km up the Volga on the western outskirts of the city of Kazan.
 The reserve is situated in the Zelenodolsky Districts and Laishevsky District of Tatarstan.
 It was formally established in 1960 to protect remaining forest and forest-steppe habitat of the middle Volga region, and has an area of 8024 ha .
 A particular focus of scientific study is the effects of the Kuybyshev Reservoir on the local environment.
 The reservoir was completed in the mid-1950s, and is the largest reservoir in Europe.
 The Volga-Kama Reserve is part of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Besh-Aral State Nature Reserve
Besh-Aral State Nature Reserve was established on March 21, 1979 to preserve the unique natural complex and forests of the Chatkal valley, as well as to protect the habitat of the Menzbier's Marmot and to protect the natural habitat of vegetation of Greig and Cauffman tulips.
 The area of the reserve amounted to 116,700 hectares.
 In 1994,in regard with the establishment of Chatkal Forestry the boundaries of the reserve were changed and area reduced to 63,200 hectares (Government Decree No 573 of August 1, 1994).
 On July 16, 2002 the habitats of Menzbir's marmot (Marmota menzbieri) and other areas were re-subordinated to the nature reserve, and its area increased to 86,748 hectares (Government Decree No 499 of July 26, 2002).
 In 2006, extension of the Besh-Aral State Nature Reserve with Sandalash reserve area increased the total area up to 112,018 hectares. Prisursky Nature Reserve
Prisurski Nature Reserve (Russian: Присурский заповедник ) (also Prisursky) is a Russian "zapovednik" (strict ecological reserve) in the northern Volga Uplands of the East European Plain.
 It protects for study an area of forest-steppe and mixed forest, with sections in different parts of Chuvashia.
 The largest sector is the Alatyrski Nature Reserve, located in the valley of the Sura River (mixed coniferous and deciduous forests), and two small steppe sections to the southeast (Batyrevski and Jaltsjikski reserves).
 The reserve is situated in the Alatyr, Chuvash Republic District of the Chuvash Republic.
 It was set aside as a reserve in 1995 to protect the largest and least disturbed area of southern taiga lowland forest in Chuvashia, as well as steppe habitat at the northern edge of its range.
 A particular concern was protecting habitat of the muskrat and seasonal waterfowl.
 The reserve covers an area of 9150 ha . Takayoshi Kano
Takayoshi Kano (加納 隆至 , Kanō Takayoshi ) is a Japanese primatologist, known for his pioneering work on the bonobo chimpanzee ("Pan paniscus").
 He highlighted their peaceful communal lifestyle, and the high frequency of sexual interactions.
 A student of Junichiro Itani, he was a professor at Ryukyu University and at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University.
 In 1973, he founded the first bonobo study center, at Wamba, Luo Reserve.
 It is the oldest bonobo research area and has survived a number of political upheavals in the region. Frances J. White
Frances Joy White is a biological anthropologist, professor, and primatologist at the University of Oregon.
 She has studied the socioecology of the bonobo chimpanzee ("Pan paniscus") for over 25 years at Lomako Forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
 She is the foremost American authority on this species in the wild and has done extensive field research on the bonobo or pygmy chimpanzees. Isabel Behncke
Isabel Behncke Izquierdo is a Chilean primatologist who studies the social behaviour, especially play, of bonobos ("pan paniscus") the other species, together with Chimpanzee, inside the genus Pan.
 In 2011 she was a TED Fellow and gave a talk "Evolution's gift of play, from bonobo apes to humans". Hawane Nature Reserve
Hawane Nature Reserve was first established in 1978 to protect an area of marsh along the Mbuluzi River.
 This area included the natural habitat of "Kniphofia umbrina", a rare Swaziland endemic red hot poker.
 When the Hawane dam was built in 1988 to provide Mbabane's water supply, the reserve was expanded to protect the surrounding wetlands.
 The reserve is managed by the Swaziland National Trust Commission. Concealed ovulation
Concealed ovulation or hidden estrus in a species is the lack of any perceptible change in an adult female (for instance, a change in appearance or scent) when she is "in heat" and near ovulation.
 Some examples of such changes are swelling and redness of the genitalia in baboons and bonobos "Pan paniscus", and pheromone release in the feline family.
 In contrast, the females of humans and a few other species have few external signs of fecundity, making it difficult for a mate to consciously deduce, by means of external signs only, whether or not a female is near ovulation.