What title did the mother of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen hold in Tuscany?
Grand Duchess
Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (German: Erzherzog Carl Ludwig Johann Joseph Laurentius von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen; 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of Emperor Leopold II and his wife, Maria Luisa of Spain.
 He was also the younger brother of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.
 Despite being epileptic, Charles achieved respect both as a commander and as a reformer of the Austrian army.
 He was considered one of Napoleon's most formidable opponents.
Maria Luisa of Spain
Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain (Spanish: "María Luisa", German: "Maria Ludovika") (24 November 1745 – 15 May 1792) was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Archduke Charles of Austria (disambiguation)
Archduke Charles of Austria most commonly refers to Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (1771–1847). Count Leo Stefan of Habsburg
Count Leo Stefan Maria Carl Wolfgang Rudolf von Fidelis of Habsburg (born June 12, 1928 in Żywiec) is a morganaut of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and the representative of the Teschen ducal line.
 He is the son of Archduke Leo Karl (1893–1939) and Countess Maria-Klothilde de Thuillières von Montjoye-Vaufrey et de la Roche (1893–1978) and a grandson of Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria.
 He is today the heir to the Dukedom of Teschen.
 because of the unequal marriage of his parents.
 He thus is only entitled to use the title Count of Habsburg.
 He has seven children of whom Count Albrecht of Habsburg (born 1963), who is his heir to the Dukedom. Battle of Mannheim (1799)
The Battle of Mannheim (18 September 1799) was fought between a Habsburg Austrian army commanded by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and a Republican French army under Jacques Léonard Muller.
 Most of the French "Army of the Rhine" had retreated to the west bank of the Rhine River, leaving the division of Antoine Laroche Dubouscat to hold Mannheim on the east bank.
 Despite assistance by Michel Ney, Laroche's division was beaten and driven out of the city when attacked by Charles and a much superior force.
 The War of the Second Coalition action occurred in the city of Mannheim, located in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany about 80 km south of Frankfurt. Abensberg 1809 Order of Battle
The Battle of Abensberg was fought on 20 April 1809, between an Allied force under the command of Emperor Napoleon I of France on one side and three Austrian corps led by Johann von Hiller, Archduke Louis of Austria, and Michael von Kienmayer.
 The Austrians formed the left wing of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen's main army and were under the overall command of Hiller.
 Napoleon's French troops, reinforced by troops from the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Kingdom of Württemberg outfought their opponents, inflicted heavy losses, and forced the Austrians to retreat to the southeast. Order of battle for the Battle of Caldiero (1805)
The armies of the First French Empire and the Austrian Empire fought the Battle of Caldiero from 29 to 31 October 1805 just east of Verona in Italy.
 Marshal André Masséna led the French Army of Italy while Archduke Charles commanded the Austrian "Armee von Italien".
 Historians variously call the battle a French victory, an Austrian victory, or indecisive.
 Austrian losses were over 5,500, while the French suffered at least 5,000 casualties.
 Archduke Charles began a withdrawal from Italy on 1 November.
 The retreat ended in early December with Archduke Charles' army intact at Kormend in western Hungary.
 Unfortunately for Austria, by this time, Emperor Napoleon had decisively defeated the Austro-Russian army at the Battle of Austerlitz. Battle of Caldiero (1805)
The Battle of Caldiero took place on 30 October 1805, pitting the French "Armée d'Italie" under Marshal André Masséna against an Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen.
 The French engaged only a part of their forces, around 33,000 men, whilst Archduke Charles engaged the bulk of his army, 49,000 men, leaving out Paul Davidovich's corps to defend the lower Adige and Franz Seraph of Orsini-Rosenberg's corps to cover the Austrian right against any flanking maneuvers.
 The fighting took place at Caldiero, 15 kilometres east of Verona, in the War of the Third Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. Battle of Neresheim
The Battle of Neresheim (11 August 1796) saw a victory of Republican French army under Jean Victor Marie Moreau over the Habsburg Austrian army of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen.
 Pursued by Moreau's "Army of Rhin-et-Moselle", Charles launched an attack against the French.
 While the Austrian left wing saw some success, the battle degenerated into a stalemate and the archduke withdrew further into the Electorate of Bavaria.
 Neresheim is located in the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany a distance of 57 km northeast of Ulm.
 The action took place during the War of the First Coalition, part of a larger conflict called the French Revolutionary Wars. Battle of Würzburg
The Battle of Würzburg was fought on 3 September 1796 between an army of Habsburg Austria led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and an army of the First French Republic led by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan.
 The French attacked the archduke's forces, but they were resisted until the arrival of reinforcements decided the engagement in favor of the Austrians.
 The French retreated west toward the Rhine River.
 The action occurred during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.
 Würzburg is 95 km southeast of Frankfurt.