How many German scientists, engineers, and technicians, were recruited in post-Nazi Germany as a result of the clandestine operation where Arthur Rudolph became one of the main developers of the U.S. ?space program
more than 1,600
Arthur Rudolph
Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph (November 9, 1906 – January 1, 1996) was a German Nazi rocket engineer who was a leader of the effort to develop the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany.
 After the war, the United States Government's Office of Strategic Services (OSS) brought him to the U.S. as part of the clandestine Operation Paperclip, where he became one of the main developers of the U.S. space program.
 He worked within the U.S. Army and NASA, where he managed the development of several systems, including the Pershing missile and the Saturn V Moon rocket.
 In 1984, the U.S. Government investigated him for war crimes, and he agreed to renounce his United States citizenship and leave the U.S. in return for not being prosecuted.
Operation Paperclip
Operation Paperclip was a secret program of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians, such as Wernher von Braun and his V-2 rocket team, were recruited in post-Nazi Germany and taken to the U.S. for government employment, at the end of World War II; many were members and some were leaders of the Nazi Party.
Kerbal Space Program
Kerbal Space Program (KSP) is a space flight simulation video game developed and published by Squad for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, with a Wii U version that was supposed to be released at a later date.
 The developers have stated that the gaming landscape has changed since that announcement and more details will be released soon.
 In the game, players direct a nascent space program, staffed and crewed by humanoid aliens known as "Kerbals".
 The game features a realistic orbital physics engine, allowing for various real-life orbital maneuvers such as Hohmann transfer orbits and bi-elliptic transfer orbits. Ernst Grube
Ernst Grube (born on 13 December 1932) is a German teacher and important witness of the Holocaust.
 He survived his detention at Theresienstadt concentration camp and has spoken out on several issues of Post-Nazi Germany. Gustav Laabs
Gustav Laabs (born 20 December 1902-died 12 March 1980) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era.
 During the Second World War, he worked as a gas van operator at the Chełmno extermination camp in Wartheland.
 As an operator of a gas van, Laabs was directly involved in and responsible for the genocidal extermination of over 100,000 men, women and children, most of whom were killed on account of being Jewish.
 After the war, he was tried and convicted for his crimes against humanity.
 Despite being convicted, Laabs was given the lenient sentence of 15 years (subsequently reduced to 13 years) by a regional court in Landgericht Bonn, Germany.
 Far from being outliers, such instances of leniency, extended to perpetrators of genocide and crimes against humanity during trials in post-Nazi Germany, constituted the norm, as evidenced by the fact that most of the perpetrators of Nazi war crimes and the Final Solution were not brought to justice.
 Many former SS officers and Nazis, who were directly responsible for perpetrating genocide and murdering countless innocent people, were contracted to work for US and British intelligence agencies as part of the war against the USSR and Communism (also see Operation Paperclip for more on post-WWII Allied collaboration with Nazis). Operation Epsilon
Operation Epsilon was the codename of a program in which Allied forces near the end of World War II detained ten German scientists who were thought to have worked on Nazi Germany's nuclear program.
 The scientists were captured between May 1 and June 30, 1945, as part of the Allied Alsos Mission, mainly as part of its Operation Big sweep through southwestern Germany. Operation Damocles
Operation Damocles was a covert campaign of the Israeli Mossad in August 1962 targeting German scientists and technicians, formerly employed in Nazi Germany's rocket program, who were developing rockets for Egypt at a military site known as Factory 333.
 According to Otto Joklik, an Austrian scientist involved with the project, the rockets being developed were programmed to use a radioactive waste. History of the Jews in Germany
Jewish settlers founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community in the Early (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages ("circa" 1000–1299 CE).
 The community survived under Charlemagne, but suffered during the Crusades.
 Accusations of well poisoning during the Black Death (1346–53) led to mass slaughter of German Jews, and they fled in large numbers to Poland.
 The Jewish communities of the cities of Mainz, Speyer, and Worms became the center of Jewish life during Medieval times.
 "This was a golden age as area bishops protected the Jews resulting in increased trade and prosperity."
 The First Crusade began an era of persecution of Jews in Germany.
 Entire communities, like those of Trier, Worms, Mainz, and Cologne, were murdered.
 The war upon the Hussite heretics became the signal for renewed persecution of Jews.
 The end of the 15th century was a period of religious hatred that ascribed to Jews all possible evils.
 The atrocities during the Khmelnytsky Uprising committed by Khmelnytskyi's Cossacks (1648, in the Ukrainian part of southeastern Poland) drove the Polish Jews back into western Germany.
 With Napoleon's fall in 1815, growing nationalism resulted in increasing repression.
 From August to October 1819, pogroms that came to be known as the Hep-Hep riots took place throughout Germany.
 During this time, many German states stripped Jews of their civil rights.
 As a result, many German Jews began to emigrate. Adolf Bernhard Meyer
Adolf Bernhard Meyer (11 October 1840, Hamburg – 22 August 1911, Dresden) was a German anthropologist, ornithologist, entomologist, and herpetologist.
 He served for nearly thirty years as director of the Königlich Zoologisches und Anthropologisch-Ethnographisches Museum (now the natural history museum or Museum für Tierkunde Dresden) in Dresden.
 He worked on comparative anatomy and appreciated ideas from evolution, and influenced many German scientists by translating the works of Darwin and Wallace into German in 1858.
 Influenced by the writings of Wallace with whom he interacted, he travelled to Southeast Asia, and collected specimens and recorded his observations from the region. Read into
The process of being read into a compartmented program generally entails being approved for access to particularly sensitive and restricted information about a classified program, receiving a briefing about the program, and formally acknowledging the briefing, usually by signing a non-disclosure agreement describing restrictions on the handling and use of information concerning the program.
 Officials with the required security clearance and a need to know may be read into a covert operation or clandestine operation they will be working on.
 For codeword–classified programs, an official would not be aware a program existed with that codeword until being read in, because the codewords themselves are classified.