The luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), also lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LCGR) or luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) is a transmembrane receptor found predominantly in the ovary and testis, but also many extragonadal organs such as the uterus and breasts, the receptor interacts with both luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropins, such as hCG in humans, hCG is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation, the acronym stand for?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor
The luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), also lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LCGR) or luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) is a transmembrane receptor found predominantly in the ovary and testis, but also many extragonadal organs such as the uterus and breasts.
 The receptor interacts with both luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropins (such as hCG in humans) and represents a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
 Its activation is necessary for the hormonal functioning during reproduction.
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation.
 The presence of hCG is detected in some pregnancy tests (HCG pregnancy strip tests).
 Some cancerous tumors produce this hormone; therefore, elevated levels measured when the patient is not pregnant may lead to a cancer diagnosis and, if high enough, paraneoplastic syndromes, however, it is not known whether this production is a contributing cause, or an effect of carcinogenesis.
 The pituitary analog of hCG, known as luteinizing hormone (LH), is produced in the pituitary gland of males and females of all ages.
Cetrorelix
Cetrorelix (INN, BAN), or cetrorelix acetate (USAN, JAN), is an injectable gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist that is marketed primarily under the brand name Cetrotide.
 A synthetic decapeptide, it is used is used in assisted reproduction to inhibit premature luteinizing hormone surges The drug works by blocking the action of GnRH upon the pituitary, thus rapidly suppressing the production and action of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
 In addition, cetrorelix can be used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast (in pre-/perimenopausal women) and some benign gynaecological disorders (endometriosis, uterine fibroids and endometrial thinning).
 It is administered as either multiple 0.25 mg daily subcutaneous injections or as a single-dose 3 mg subcutaneous injection.
 The duration of the 3 mg single dose is four days; if hCG is not administered within four days, a daily 0.25 mg dose is started and continued until hCG is administered. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
The gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR), also known as the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor (LHRHR), is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family.
 It is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH analogue or "analog"), also known as a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist (LHRH agonist) or LHRH analogue is a synthetic peptide drug modeled after the human hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
 A GnRH analogue is designed to interact with the GnRH receptor and modify the release of pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH for therapeutic purposes.
 Shortly after the discovery of GnRH by Nobel laureates Guillemin and Schally researchers tried to modify the GnRH decapeptide with the intent to synthesize stimulating and blocking variants. Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
 In females, an acute rise of LH ("LH surge") triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum.
 In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell–stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone.
 It acts synergistically with FSH. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist, GnRH–A) is a type of drug that acts as an agonist of the GnRH receptor, the biological target of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
 These drugs can be both peptides and small-molecules.
 They are modeled after the hypothalamic neurohormone GnRH, which interacts with the GnRH receptor to elicit its biologic response, the release of the pituitary hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
 However, after the initial "flare" response, continued stimulation with GnRH agonists desensitizes the pituitary gland (by causing GnRH receptor downregulation) to GnRH.
 Pituitary desensitization reduces the secretion of LH and FSH and thus induces a state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadal anovulation, sometimes referred to as “pseudomenopause” or “medical oophorectomy.” Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor
The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor or FSH receptor (FSHR) is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and represents a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
 Its activation is necessary for the hormonal functioning of FSH.
 FSHRs are found in the ovary, testis, and uterus. Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein polypeptide hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates.
 This family includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and placental/chorionic gonadotropins human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), as well as at least two forms of fish gonadotropins.
 These hormones are central to the complex endocrine system that regulates normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.
 LH and FSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, while hCG and eCG are secreted by the placenta in pregnant humans and mares, respectively.
 The gonadotropins act on the gonads, controlling gamete and sex hormone production. GnRH modulator
A GnRH modulator, or GnRH receptor modulator, is a type of drug which modulates the GnRH receptor, the biological target of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
 They include GnRH agonists and GnRH antagonists.
 These drugs may be GnRH analogues like leuprorelin and cetrorelix – peptides that are structurally related to GnRH – or small-molecules like relugolix, which are structurally distinct.
 GnRH modulators affect the secretion of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which in turn affects the gonads, influencing their function and hence fertility as well as the production of sex steroids, including that of estradiol and progesterone in women and of testosterone in men.
 As such, GnRH modulators can also be described as progonadotropins or antigonadotropins, depending on whether they serve to increase or decrease gonadotropin levels.