What is the name of the biographer and one-time student of this British physicist and mathematician who discovered the Taylor–Proudman theorem along with Joseph Proudman?
George Batchelor
G. I. Taylor
Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor OM (7 March 1886 – 27 June 1975) was a British physicist and mathematician, and a major figure in fluid dynamics and wave theory.
 His biographer and one-time student, George Batchelor, described him as "one of the most notable scientists of this (the 20th) century".
Taylor–Proudman theorem
In fluid mechanics, the Taylor–Proudman theorem (after Geoffrey Ingram Taylor and Joseph Proudman) states that when a solid body is moved slowly within a fluid that is steadily rotated with a high angular velocity formula_1, the fluid velocity will be uniform along any line parallel to the axis of rotation.
 formula_1 must be large compared to the movement of the solid body in order to make the Coriolis force large compared to the acceleration terms.
Intercept theorem
The intercept theorem, also known as Thales' theorem (not to be confused with another theorem with that name) or basic proportionality theorem, is an important theorem in elementary geometry about the ratios of various line segments that are created if two intersecting lines are intercepted by a pair of parallels.
 It is equivalent to the theorem about ratios in similar triangles.
 Traditionally it is attributed to Greek mathematician Thales. Tychonoff's theorem
In mathematics, Tychonoff's theorem states that the product of any collection of compact topological spaces is compact with respect to the product topology.
 The theorem is named after Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov (whose surname sometimes is transcribed "Tychonoff"), who proved it first in 1930 for powers of the closed unit interval and in 1935 stated the full theorem along with the remark that its proof was the same as for the special case.
 The earliest known published proof is contained in a 1937 paper of Eduard Čech. Lovelock's Theorem
Lovelock's Theorem is a theorem of general relativity which says that from a local gravitational action which contains only second derivatives of the four-dimensional spacetime metric, then the only possible equations of motion are the Einstein field equations.
 The theorem was described by British physicist David Lovelock in 1971. Paul Guldin
Paul Guldin (original name Habakkuk Guldin; 12 June 1577 (Mels) – 3 November 1643 (Graz)) was a Swiss Jesuit mathematician and astronomer.
 He discovered the Guldinus theorem to determine the surface and the volume of a solid of revolution.
 (This theorem is also known as the Pappus–Guldinus theorem and Pappus's centroid theorem, attributed to Pappus of Alexandria.)
 Guldin was noted for his association with the German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler.
 Guldin composed a critique of Cavalieri's method of Indivisibles. Joseph Proudman
Joseph Proudman (30 December 1888 – 26 June 1975), CBE, FRS was a distinguished British mathematician and oceanographer of international repute.
 His theoretical studies into the oceanic tides not only "solved practically all the remaining tidal problems which are soluble within the framework of classical hydrodynamics and analytical mathematics" but laid the basis of a tidal prediction service (developed with A. T. Doodson) of great international importance. Pohlke's theorem
Pohlke's theorem is the fundamental theorem of axonometry.
 It was established 1853 by the German painter and teacher of descriptive geometry Karl Wilhelm Pohlke.
 The first proof of the theorem was published 1864 by the German mathematician Hermann Amandus Schwarz, who was a student of Pohlke.
 Therefore the theorem is sometimes called theorem of Pohlke and Schwarz, too. Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem
Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem is a proof, by British mathematician Andrew Wiles, of a special case of the modularity theorem for elliptic curves. Together with Ribet's theorem, it provides a proof for Fermat's Last Theorem.
 Both Fermat's Last Theorem and the modularity theorem were almost universally considered inaccessible to proof by contemporaneous mathematicians, seen as virtually impossible to prove using current knowledge. Poynting's theorem
In electrodynamics, Poynting's theorem is a statement of conservation of energy for the electromagnetic field, in the form of a partial differential equation, due to the British physicist John Henry Poynting.
 Poynting's theorem is analogous to the work-energy theorem in classical mechanics, and mathematically similar to the continuity equation, because it relates the energy stored in the electromagnetic field to the work done on a charge distribution (i.e. an electrically charged object), through energy flux.