What is a small spaniel classed as a toy dog by The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel or Poitevin?
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Poitevin (dog)
The Poitevin, known as the Chien de Haut-Poitou until 1957, is a breed of dog used in hunting as a scenthound, from the province of Poitou.
 This predominantly pack hound was created in the 17th century specifically to hunt wolves.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small spaniel classed as a toy dog by The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club.
 It originated in the United Kingdom and is one of the more popular breeds in many countries.
 Since 2000, it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 18th most popular pure-breed in the United States (2013 Registration Statistics).
 It has a silky, smooth coat and commonly a smooth undocked tail.
 The breed standard recognizes four colours: Blenheim (chestnut and white), Tricolor (black/white/tan), Black and Tan, and Ruby.
 The breed is generally friendly, affectionate and good with both children and other animals; however, they require a lot of human interaction.
 Since they are a family dog, it is recommended to not leave them alone for long periods at a time.
 The expected average lifespan of a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is under ten years.
Small Münsterländer
The Small Münsterländer (also SM or Kleiner Münsterländer) is a versatile hunting-pointing-retrieving dog breed that reached its current form in the area around Münster, Germany.
 The Large Münsterländer is from the same area, but was developed from different breeding stock and is not related as the names would suggest.
 Small Münsterländers bear a resemblance to both spaniels and setters but are more versatile while hunting on land and water.
 The Small Münsterländer is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale under Group 7, Section 1.2, Continental Pointing Dogs of Spaniel type, by the American Kennel Club as a Foundation Breed, and by The Kennel Club and the United Kennel Club as a gun dog.
 It is related to the Epagneul Français and the Drentsche Patrijshond. Beaglier
The Beaglier is a designer breed, the offspring of a Beagle and a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
 The Beaglier became particularly popular through crossbreeding programs in Australia during the 1990s.
 The dog was developed because of affection for the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Beagle breeds; the breeders were looking for a healthy, energetic small dog with a less active scent drive than that of the Beagle.
 They are very popular in Australia due to their temperaments.
 The Beaglier typically has the shorter and more rounded muzzle of the Cavalier.
 Beagliers have variable coat colours and markings. Canine Chiari-like malformation
Chiari-like malformation (CM) is the most common cause of foramen magnum obstruction and syringomyelia in dogs.
 Syringomyelia (SM) is a disease of the spinal cord typified by fluid filled cavities, or syrinxes, within the spinal cord substance.
 The disease is caused by the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in the nervous system.
 A situation of high pressure in the spinal cord compared to low pressure outside, leads to fluid accumulation, which eventually forms cavities.
 CM is a condition characterized by the mismatch of size between the brain and the skull.
 The skull is too small causing part of the brain to descend out of the skull through the opening at its base, crowding the spinal cord.
 The cause of CM is not yet fully understood.
 CM is rare in most breeds but reportedly has become very widespread in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Griffon Bruxellois (Brussels Griffon).
 Some researchers estimate that as many as 95% of CKCSs may have CM.
 It is worldwide in scope and not limited to any country, breeding line, or kennel, and experts report that it is believed to be inherited in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
 CM is so widespread in the Cavalier that it may be an inherent part of the CKCS's breed standard.
 This disease not only affects thousands of dogs, but a similar condition affects over three hundred thousand children yearly.
 Therefore, canines are an appropriate model for the treatment of the human condition. Toy Trawler Spaniel
The Toy Trawler Spaniel is an extinct breed of Spaniel which physically was similar to the King Charles Spaniel of the 16th century.
 It is considered to have descended from the original King Charles Spaniel, and the older variety of Sussex Spaniel.
 It was originally used as a sporting dog, but became used as a toy and show dog.
 It was considered to be on the verge of extinction by 1920.
 A preserved specimen is kept in Tring at the Natural History Museum. Welsh Springer Spaniel
The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a breed of dog and a member of the spaniel family.
 Thought to be comparable to the old Land Spaniel, they are similar to the English Springer Spaniel and historically have been referred to as both the Welsh Spaniel and the Welsh Cocker Spaniel.
 They were relatively unknown until a succession of victories in dog trials by the breed increased its popularity.
 Following recognition by The Kennel Club in 1902, the breed gained the modern name of Welsh Springer Spaniel.
 The breed's coat only comes in a single colour combination of white with red markings, usually in a piebald pattern.
 Loyal and affectionate, they can become very attached to family members and are wary of strangers.
 Health conditions are limited to those common among many breeds of dog, although they are affected more than average by hip dysplasia and some eye conditions.
 They are a working dog, bred for hunting, and while not as rare as some varieties of spaniel, they are rarer than the more widely known English Springer Spaniel with which they are sometimes confused. French Spaniel
The French Spaniel (Epagneul Français) is a breed of dog of the Spaniel-like setter.
 It was developed in France and Canada as a hunting dog, descended from dogs of the 14th century.
 Popular with royalty during the Middle Ages, it nearly became extinct by the turn of the 20th century but was saved by the efforts of Father Fournier, a French priest.
 One of the largest breeds of Spaniel, it typically has a white coat with brown markings.
 It is a friendly breed that has few health issues, but can be affected by a syndrome called acral mutilation and analgesia.
 The breed is recognised by Canadian and international kennel clubs but not by The Kennel Club (UK).
 The American Kennel Club has included the breed in its Foundation Stock Service, the first step to full recognition. King Charles Spaniel
The King Charles Spaniel (also known as the English Toy Spaniel) is a small dog breed of the spaniel type.
 In 1903, the Kennel Club combined four separate toy spaniel breeds under this single title.
 The other varieties merged into this breed were the Blenheim, Ruby and Prince Charles Spaniels, each of which contributed one of the four colours available in the breed. Bulldog
The Bulldog is a medium-sized breed of dog commonly referred to as the English Bulldog or British Bulldog.
 Other scent-hound breeds include the Small Greek Domestic Dog, Irish Wolfhound, Bluetick Coonhound, Finnish Lapphund, and the Basset Hound.
 The Bulldog is a muscular, hefty dog with a wrinkled face and a distinctive pushed-in nose.
 The American Kennel Club (AKC), The Kennel Club (UK), and the United Kennel Club (UKC) oversee breeding records.
 Bulldogs were the fourth most popular purebreed in the US in 2007 according to the American Kennel Club.