Mond gas is a cheap coal gas that was used for industrial heating purposes, the gas was named after its founder, a German-born chemist and industrialist who took British nationality?
Ludwig Mond
Ludwig Mond
Ludwig Mond (7 March 1839 – 11 December 1909) was a German-born chemist and industrialist who took British nationality.
 He discovered an important, previously-unknown class of compounds called metal carbonyls.
Mond gas
Mond gas is a cheap coal gas that was used for industrial heating purposes.
 Coal gases are made by decomposing coal through heating it to a high temperature.
 Coal gases were the primary source of gas fuel during the 1940s and 1950s until the adoption of natural gas.
 They were used for lighting, heating, and cooking, typically being supplied to households through pipe distribution systems.
 The gas was named after its founder, Ludwig Mond.
George Dixon (Cockfield Canal)
George Robertus Dixon (18 November 1731 Bishop Auckland - 29 September 1785 Cockfield, County Durham), was a chemist, mathematician, engraver, china-painter, engineer, geologist and coalmine operator, who helped pioneer the use of coal gas in heating and gas lighting - one of his gas experiments leading to the destruction of his own house. Gas engine
A gas engine is an internal combustion engine which runs on a gas fuel, such as coal gas, producer gas, biogas, landfill gas or natural gas.
 In the UK, the term is unambiguous.
 In the US, due to the widespread use of "gas" as an abbreviation for gasoline, such an engine might also be called a gaseous-fueled engine or natural gas engine or spark ignited. History of manufactured gas
The history of manufactured gas, important for lighting, heating, and cooking purposes throughout most of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, began with the development of analytical and pneumatic chemistry in the 18th century.
 The manufacturing process for "synthetic fuel gases" (also known as "manufactured fuel gas", "manufactured gas" or simply "gas") typically consisted of the gasification of combustible materials, usually coal, but also wood and oil.
 The coal was gasified by heating the coal in enclosed ovens with an oxygen-poor atmosphere.
 The fuel gases generated were mixtures of many chemical substances, including hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and ethylene, and could be burnt for heating and lighting purposes.
 Coal gas, for example, also contains significant quantities of unwanted sulfur and ammonia compounds, as well as heavy hydrocarbons, and so the manufactured fuel gases needed to be purified before they could be used. Dakota Gasification Company
The Dakota Gasification Company is a synthetic natural gas producing company founded in 1984 in Beulah, North Dakota, United States.
 It is an operator of the Great Plains Synfuels Plant.
 The plant is located at .
 The plant uses lignite coal to produce synthetic natural gas utilizing a coal gasification process.
 The plant processes 16 thousand tons of coal daily.
 Coal is oxidized to coal gas, which is then converted from a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen to methane, by hydrogenation over a nickel catalyst.
 The synthetic natural gas (95% methane, 975 BTU per cubic foot) is pipelined to the Northern Border Pipeline which transports gas from Canada, Montana and North Dakota to the Ventura, Iowa area, where the pipeline interconnects with many pipelines supplying the eastern United States.
 The Dakota Gasification Company is a subsidiary of the Basin Electric Power Cooperative which is located in Bismarck, North Dakota. British Nationality (Hong Kong) Selection Scheme
The British Nationality (Hong Kong) Selection Scheme, usually known in Hong Kong as simply the British Nationality Selection Scheme (BNSS), was a process whereby the Governor of Hong Kong, by Order of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in the British Privy Council, invited certain classes of people, who were permanent residents of Hong Kong with the right of abode, under the Hong Kong Immigration Ordinance, "Chapter 115" "", and who were also considered British nationals under Parts II, III and IV and Part V, Section 38, of the British Nationality Act 1981, "Chapter 61", but were not British citizens (with the right of abode in the United Kingdom) under Part I, Sections 1 and 2, of the 1981 Act, to apply to be considered and then be selected to become registered as British citizens under the British Nationality (Hong Kong) Act 1990, "Chapter 34", by the British Home Secretary, under the advice and the recommendation of the Governor with the consent of the British Foreign Secretary. Dry distillation
Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids).
 The method may not involve pyrolysis or thermolysis.
 The products are condensed and collected.
 This method usually requires higher temperatures than classical distillation.
 The method has been used to obtain liquid fuels from coal and wood.
 It can also be used to break down mineral salts such as sulfates through thermolysis, in this case producing sulfur dioxide/sulfur trioxide gas which can be dissolved in water to obtain sulfuric acid.
 By this method sulfuric acid was first identified and artificially produced.
 When substances of vegetable origin, e.g. coal, oil shale, peat or wood, are heated in the absence of air (dry distillation), they decompose into gas, liquid products and coke/charcoal.
 The yield and chemical nature of the decomposition products depend on the nature of the raw material and the conditions under which the dry distillation is done.
 Decomposition within a temperature range of 450 to about 600°C is called carbonization or low-temperature degassing.
 At temperatures above 900°C, the process is called coking or high-temperature degassing.
 If coal is gasified to make coal gas or carbonized to make coke then Coal tar is among the by-products. Destructive distillation
Destructive distillation is the chemical process of the decomposition of feedstock by heating it to a high temperature; the term generally applies to processing of organic material in the absence of air or in the presence of limited amounts of oxygen or other reagents, catalysts, or solvents, such as steam or phenols.
 It is an application of pyrolysis.
 The process breaks up or 'cracks' large molecules.
 Coke, coal gas, gas carbon, coal tar, ammonia liquor, and "coal oil" are examples of commercial products historically produced by the destructive distillation of coal. Producer gas
Producer gas is fuel gas that is manufactured from material such as coal, as opposed to natural gas.
 In this respect it is similar to other types of "manufactured" gas, such as coal gas, coke oven gas, water gas and carburetted water gas.
 Producer gas was used primarily as an industrial fuel for iron and steel manufacturing, such as firing coke ovens and blast furnaces, cement and ceramic kilns, or for mechanical power through gas engines.
 It was characteristically low in heating value but cheap to make, so that large amounts could be made and burnt.