What was Grace Mugabe's title after she married the former chairman of the Zimbabwe African National Union?
First Lady of Zimbabwe
Grace Mugabe
Grace "Gucci Grace" Mugabe (née Marufu, 23 July 1965) is the wife of Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe and the First Lady of Zimbabwe from her marriage to the leader in 1996.
Robert Mugabe
Robert Gabriel Mugabe ( ; ] ; born 21 February 1924) is a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who has been President of Zimbabwe since 1987; he previously led Zimbabwe as Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987.
 He chaired the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) group from 1975 to 1980 and has led its successor political party, the ZANU – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF), since 1980.
 Ideologically an African nationalist, during the 1970s and 1980s he identified as a Marxist-Leninist although after the 1990s self-identified only as a socialist; his policies have been described as Mugabeism.
1960s in Rhodesia
Iain Peter Butchart, a cricketer, was born in Bulawayo on 9 May 1960.
 Broadcasting of television started in November.
 The Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) was formed in 1961 with Joshua Nkomo as leader.
 The Rhodesian Front won the general elections of 1962 on 14 December.
 Winston Field then became the Prime Minister of Rhodesia.
 The Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) was formed in 1963 with Robert Mugabe as Secretary.
 The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was dissolved on 31 December 1963 as Zambia and Malawi moved towards independence.
 The government placed Joshua Nkomo, leader and founder of the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union, under restriction on 16 April 1964.
 Northern Rhodesia gained its independence and Southern Rhodesia became the colony of Rhodesia on 24 October. China–Zimbabwe relations
China–Zimbabwe relations date back to January 1979, during the Rhodesian Bush War.
 The Soviet Union supported Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union, and supplied them with arms; Robert Mugabe's attempts to gain Soviet support for his Zimbabwe African National Union were rebuffed, leading him to enter into relations with Soviet rival Beijing, culminating in a January 1979 meeting in Mozambique in which both sides affirmed their intent to cooperate more closely.
 The two countries formally established diplomatic relations on 18 April 1980, the day of Zimbabwe's independence.
 Two months later, Zimbabwe's foreign minister Simon Muzenda visited Beijing to express his thanks; he was followed by Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe himself the next year. Geneva Conference (1976)
The Geneva Conference (28 October – 14 December 1976) took place in Geneva, Switzerland during the Rhodesian Bush War.
 Held under British mediation, its participants were the unrecognised government of Rhodesia, led by Ian Smith, and a number of rival Rhodesian black nationalist parties: the African National Council, led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa; the Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe, led by James Chikerema; and a joint "Patriotic Front" made up of Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe African National Union and the Zimbabwe African People's Union led by Joshua Nkomo.
 The purpose of the conference was to attempt to agree on a new constitution for Rhodesia and in doing so find a way to end the Bush War raging between the government and the guerrillas commanded by Mugabe and Nkomo respectively. Charles Mzingeli
Charles Mzingeli (1905–1980) grew up on a Catholic mission station near Plumtree in Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe.
 At the age of 14 he ran away to work on the railways, before moving to Bulawayo, where he became involved in the Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (ICU).
 The ICU, a radical trade union, started in South Africa in 1919, but spread into neighboring colonies in the 1920s and 1930s.
 In 1929 Mzingeli was sent to Harare Township at Salisbury as the ICU’s organizing secretary.
 The ICU disintegrated in South Africa and Southern Rhodesia in the 1930s, but Mzingeli remained active, and developed connections with the South African Communist Party and the short-lived Communist Party of Southern Rhodesia.
 In the early 1940s he became involved with the Southern Rhodesian Labor Party, which had recently opened its doors to blacks.
 In 1945, following a massive strike by black railway workers, he decided to launch a Reformed Industrial Commercial Union (RICU).
 It was an important force into the 1950s, campaigning for black township residents, and reaching 7,000 members.
 From the mid-1950s he was increasingly challenged by hard-line nationalists associated with the Southern Rhodesia African National Congress, which later developed into the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), from which emerged the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), as a split, which is today the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF).
 Mzingeli was politically marginalised in the 1960s and 1970s, and died in 1980. Russia–Zimbabwe relations
Russia–Zimbabwe relations (Russian: Российско-зимбабвийские отношения ) date back to January 1979, during the Rhodesian Bush War.
 The Soviet Union supported Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union, and supplied them with arms; Robert Mugabe's attempts to gain Soviet support for his Zimbabwe African National Union were rebuffed, leading him to enter into relations with Soviet rival Beijing.
 After the end of the white regime in Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe had strengthened his relations with both Beijing and Moscow as a result of intense western pressure on him.
 The USSR soon established diplomatic relations with Zimbabwe on February 18, 1981 and Russia still maintains an embassy in Harare.
 Both Russia and China still maintain strong economic and political ties with Zimbabwe and both countries had vetoed the UN resolution imposing UN sanctions on Zimbabwe which was proposed by both the US and the UK on July 12, 2008. Propaganda in the Rhodesian Bush War
During the Rhodesian Bush War, informational and political warfare was mounted by each of the involved factions: on one side, the Rhodesian government (led by Prime Minister Ian Smith of the Rhodesian Front); on another, the British government and the Commonwealth of Nations; on a third, the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and its associated guerrilla army, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA); and, on a fourth, the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and its armed wing, the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA). ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) has been the ruling party in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980.
 The party has been led by Robert Mugabe, first as Prime Minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as President from 1988 after merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.
 In the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC), but subsequently won the 2013 election and gained a two-thirds majority. Southern Rhodesia African National Congress
The Southern Rhodesia African National Congress (SRANC) was a political party active between 1957-1959 in Southern Rhodesia (now modern-day Zimbabwe).
 Committed to the promotion of indigenous African welfare, it was the first fully fledged black nationalist organisation in the country.
 While short-lived—it was outlawed by the predominantly white minority government in 1959—it marked the beginning of political action towards black majority rule in Southern Rhodesia, and was the original incarnation of the National Democratic Party (NDP); the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU); the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU); and the Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF), which has governed Zimbabwe continuously since 1980.
 Many political figures who later became prominent, including Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo, were members of the SRANC.