When was the dictator overthrown by the 26th of July Movement born?
January 16, 1901
26th of July Movement
The 26th of July Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento 26 de Julio" ; M-26-7) was a vanguard revolutionary organization then a party led by Fidel Castro that in 1959 overthrew the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba.
 The Movement fought the Batista regime on both rural and urban fronts.
 The movement’s main objectives were distribution of land to peasants, nationalization of public services, industrialization, honest elections, and large scale education reform.
Fulgencio Batista
Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (] ; born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and U.S.-backed dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution.
 Fulgencio Batista initially rose to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants that overthrew the provisional government of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada.
 He then appointed himself chief of the armed forces, with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member Presidency.
 He maintained this control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was himself elected President of Cuba on a populist platform.
 He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba, considered progressive for its time, and served until 1944.
 After finishing his term he lived in Florida, returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952.
 Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a military coup that preempted the election.
Huber Matos
Huber Matos Benítez (26 November 1918 – 27 February 2014) was a Cuban military leader, political dissident, activist and writer.
 He opposed the dictatorship of Batista from its inception in 1952 and fought alongside Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and other members of the 26th of July Movement to overthrow it.
 Following the success of the Cuban Revolution that brought Castro into power, he criticized of the regime's shift in favor of Marxist principles and ties to the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC).
 Convicted of treason and sedition by the post-revolutionary government, he spent 20 years in prison (1959–1979) before being released in 1979.
 He then divided his time between Miami, Florida, and Costa Rica while continuing to protest the policies of the Cuban government. Timeline of the Cuban Revolution
The Cuban Revolution was the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista’s regime by the 26th of July Movement and the establishment of a new Cuban government led by Fidel Castro in 1959.
 It began with the assault on the Moncada Barracks on 26 July 1953 and ended on 1 January 1959, when Batista was driven from the country and the cities Santa Clara and Santiago de Cuba were seized by rebels, led by Che Guevara and Fidel Castro's surrogates Raúl Castro and Huber Matos, respectively . Frank País
Frank País Pesqueira (December 7, 1934 – July 30, 1957) was a Cuban revolutionary who campaigned for the overthrow of General Fulgencio Batista's government in Cuba.
 País was the urban coordinator of the 26th of July Movement, and was a key organizer within the urban underground movement, collaborating with Fidel Castro's guerrilla forces which were conducting activities in the Sierra Maestra mountains.
 País was killed in the streets of Santiago de Cuba by the Santiago police on July 30, 1957. Herbert Matthews
Herbert Lionel Matthews (January 10, 1900 – July 30, 1977) was a reporter and editorialist for "The New York Times" who grew to notoriety after revealing that Fidel Castro was still alive and living in the Sierra Maestra mountains, though Fulgencio Batista had claimed publicly that he was killed during the 26th of July Movement's landing. Araguaia Guerrilla War
The Araguaia guerrilla (Portuguese: "Guerrilha do Araguaia" ) was an armed movement in Brazil against its military dictatorship, active between 1967-1974 in the Araguaia river basin.
 It was founded by militants of the Communist Party of Brazil (PC do B), the then Maoist counterpart to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), which aimed at establishing a rural stronghold from whence to wage a people's war against the Brazilian military government, which had been in power since the 1964 coup d'état.
 Its projected activities were based on the successful experiences led by the 26th of July Movement in the Cuban Revolution, and by the Communist Party of China during the Chinese Civil War. Rafael García Bárcena
Rafael García Bárcena was a Cuban philosopher who later took a leading role in the Cuban Revolution against President Fulgencio Batista.
 A Professor of Philosophy, he founded the National Revolutionary Movement ("Movimiento Nacional Revolucionaria" – MNR).
 Consisting largely of middle-class members, it contrasted with Fidel Castro's predominantly working class support base, the 26th of July Movement.
 In March 1953, the MNR had planned to attack and seize control of the barracks at Camp Colombia, but police had been alerted to the plot, with the conspirators being rounded up and tortured.
 In all, fourteen people were sentenced to imprisonment for the attack. Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution
The Cuban communist revolutionary and politician Fidel Castro took part in the Cuban Revolution from 1953 to 1959.
 Following on from his early life, Castro decided to fight for the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista's military junta by founding a paramilitary organisation, "The Movement".
 In July 1953, they launched a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks, during which many militants were killed and Castro was arrested.
 Placed on trial, he defended his actions and provided his famous "History Will Absolve Me" speech, before being sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment in the Model Prison on the Isla de Pinos.
 Renaming his group the "26th of July Movement" (MR-26-7), Castro was pardoned by Batista's government in May 1955, who no longer considered him a political threat.
 Restructuring the MR-26-7, he fled to Mexico with his brother Raul Castro, where he met with Argentine Marxist-Leninist Che Guevara, and together they put together a small revolutionary force intent on overthrowing Batista. Cuban Revolution
The Cuban Revolution (Spanish: "Revolución cubana" ) was an armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement and its allies against the right-wing authoritarian government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista.
 The revolution began in July 1953, and continued sporadically until the rebels finally ousted Batista on 1 January 1959, replacing his government with a revolutionary socialist state.
 The 26th of July Movement later reformed along communist lines, becoming the Communist Party in October 1965.
 Castro’s organized attack set up on the eastern end of Santiago de Cuba against the military barracks ended in despair and failure due to government.