What is the largest subaerial volcano in the Hawaiian - Emperor seamount chain?
Mauna Loa
Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
The fifteen volcanoes that make up the eight principal islands of Hawaiʻ i are the youngest in a chain of more than 129 volcanoes that stretch 5800 km across the North Pacific Ocean, called the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain.
 Hawaiʻ i's volcanoes rise an average of 4572 m to reach sea level from their base.
 The largest and most famous, Mauna Loa, has built itself up to a height of 4169 m .
 As shield volcanoes, they are built by accumulated lava flows, growing no more than 3 m at a time to form a broad and gently sloping shape.
Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa ( or ; Hawaiian: ] ; English: Long Mountain ) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean.
 The largest subaerial volcano in both mass and volume, Mauna Loa has historically been considered the largest volcano on Earth.
 It is an active shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes, with a volume estimated at approximately 18000 mi3 , although its peak is about 120 ft lower than that of its neighbor, Mauna Kea.
 Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid, and they tend to be non-explosive.
Axial Seamount
Axial Seamount (also Coaxial Seamount or Axial Volcano) is a seamount and submarine volcano located on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, approximately 480 km west of Cannon Beach, Oregon.
 Standing 1100 m high, Axial Seamount is the youngest volcano and current eruptive center of the Cobb-Eickelberg Seamount chain.
 Located at the center of both a geological hotspot and a mid-ocean ridge, the seamount is geologically complex, and its origins are still poorly understood.
 Axial Seamount is set on a long, low-lying plateau, with two large rift zones trending 50 km to the northeast and southwest of its center.
 The volcano features an unusual rectangular caldera, and its flanks are pockmarked by fissures, vents, sheet flows, and pit craters up to 100 m deep; its geology is further complicated by its intersection with several smaller seamounts surrounding it. Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a mostly undersea mountain range in the Pacific Ocean that reaches above sea level in Hawaii.
 It is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts: together they form a vast underwater mountain region of islands and intervening seamounts, atolls, shallows, banks and reefs along a line trending southeast to northwest beneath the northern Pacific Ocean.
 The seamount chain, containing over 80 identified undersea volcanoes, stretches over 5800 km from the Aleutian Trench in the far northwest Pacific to the Loʻihi seamount, the youngest volcano in the chain, which lies about 35 km southeast of the Island of Hawaiʻi. Jasper Seamount
Jasper Seamount is a seamount (underwater volcano) located in the Fieberling-Guadalupe seamount track, west of Baja California, Mexico.
 Jasper is the site of detailed geophysical geological and geochemical studies which suggest that many seamounts, big and small, follow the same pattern of growth and death that was originally used to describe the Hawaiian - Emperor seamount chain. Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain
The Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain, also called the Pratt–Welker Seamount chain and the Kodiak Seamounts, is a seamount chain in southeastern Gulf of Alaska stretching from the Aleutian Trench in the north to Bowie Seamount, the youngest volcano in the chain, which lies 180 km west of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada.
 The oldest volcano in the chain is the Kodiak Seamount.
 Although the Kodiak Seamount is the oldest extant seamount in the Kodiak-Bowie chain, the adjacent lower slope contains transverse scars indicating earlier subduction of seamounts. Lōʻihi Seamount
Lōʻihi Seamount (also known as Loihi) is an active submarine volcano about 35 km off the southeast coast of the island of Hawaiʻi.
 The top of the seamount is about 975 m below sea level.
 This seamount is on the flank of Mauna Loa, the largest shield volcano on Earth.
 Lōʻihi, meaning "long" in Hawaiian, is the newest volcano in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, a string of volcanoes that stretches over 5800 km northwest of Lōʻihi.
 Unlike most active volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean that make up the active plate margins on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Lōʻihi and the other volcanoes of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain are hotspot volcanoes and formed well away from the nearest plate boundary.
 Volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands arise from the Hawaiʻi hotspot, and as the youngest volcano in the chain, Lōʻihi is the only Hawaiian volcano in the deep submarine preshield stage of development. Kīlauea
Kīlauea ( , ; ] ) is a currently active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, and the most active of the five volcanoes that together form the island of Hawaiʻ i.
 Located along the southern shore of the island, the volcano is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
 It is the second youngest product of the Hawaiian hotspot and the current eruptive center of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.
 Because it lacks topographic prominence and its activities historically coincided with those of Mauna Loa, Kīlauea was once thought to be a satellite of its much larger neighbor.
 Structurally, Kīlauea has a large, fairly recently formed caldera at its summit and two active rift zones, one extending 125 km east and the other 35 km west, as an active fault of unknown depth moving vertically an average of 2 to per year. Nintoku Seamount
Nintoku Seamount or Nintoku Guyot is a seamount (underwater volcano) and guyot (flat top) in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain.
 It is a large, irregularly shaped volcano that last erupted 66 million years ago.
 Three lava flows have been sampled at Nintoku Seamount; the flows are almost all alkalic (subaerial) lava.
 It is 56.2 million years old. Patton Seamount
Patton Seamount is a prominent seamount (underwater volcano) in the Cobb-Eickelberg Seamount chain in the Gulf of Alaska.
 Located 166 nmi east of Kodiak Island and reaching to within 600 ft of the ocean surface, Patton is one of the largest seamounts in the Cobb-Eickelberg Seamount chain.
 It was originally created near the coast of Oregon by the Cobb hotspot 33 million years ago, and was moved to its present location by tectonic plate movement.
 Patton is one of the most well-understood seamounts, as a major expedition using "DSV Alvin" in 1999 and another in 2002 helped define the scope of the seamount's biological community.
 Like other large seamounts, Patton acts as an ecological hub for sea life.
 Dives have revealed that the volcano is heavily encrusted in sea life of various forms, including sea stars, corals, king crabs, demersal rockfish, and other species.