Which of these programs has already launched, Astron or James Webb Space Telescope?
Astron
Astron (spacecraft)
Astron was a Soviet spacecraft launched on 23 March 1983 at 12:45:06 UTC, using Proton launcher, which was designed to fulfill an astrophysics mission.
 It was based on the 4MV spacecraft design and was operational for six years as the largest ultraviolet space telescope during its lifetime.
 The project was headed by Alexandr Boyarchuk.
James Webb Space Telescope
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope that is part of NASA's Next Generation Space Telescope program, developed in coordination between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency.
 It is scheduled to launch in 2019 and will be located near the Earth–Sun L lagrangian point.
 The telescope will offer unprecedented resolution and sensitivity from the long-wavelength (orange to red) visible light through the mid-infrared (0.6 to 27 micrometer) range.
X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission
The X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (XARM, pronounced "charm") is an X-ray astronomy satellite project of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to provide breakthroughs in the study of structure formation of the universe, outflows from galaxy nuclei, and dark matter.
 It is a replacement for the failed X-ray astronomy mission Hitomi.
 As the only international X-ray observatory project of its period, XARM will function as a next generation space telescope in the X-ray astronomy field, similar to how the James Webb Space Telescope, Fermi Space Telescope, and the ALMA Observatory are placed in their respective fields.
 The mission will crosslink X-ray telescopes of the present (Chandra, XMM-Newton) with that of the future (ATHENA, Lynx/X-Ray Surveyor), thus preventing the formation of a blank period in X-ray astronomy in the early 2020s resulting from the loss of Hitomi.
 During its formulation, XARM was also known as the "ASTRO-H Successor", "ASTRO-H2". Integrated Science Instrument Module
Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) is a component of the James Webb Space Telescope, a large international infrared space telescope planned for launch in 2018.
 ISIM is the heart of the JWST, and holds the main science payload which includes four science instruments and the fine guidance sensor.
 ISIM is the spacecraft chassis and instruments that take the light from the main mirror and convert that into the science data that is then sent back to Earth.
 The other two major sections of the JWST are the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) (mirror and their structure) and the Spacecraft Element (SE), which includes the Spacecraft Bus and Sunshield.
 ISIM has a mass of 1.4 metric tons (tonnes) (1.54 US tons).
 The infrared camera instrument integrated with ISIM passed its thermal tests in early 2016.
 ISIM underwent intense thermal cold testing in late 2015 to early 2016.
 NIRcam is extremely important to JWST, because it's not only a sensitive infrared camera, but it is also used to adjust the alignment of the main mirror segments.
 The tests were very positive because NIRcam showed was very stable through vibration and thermal testing.
 NIRcam was installed into ISIM in March 2014, and then underwent integration and testing after that, as the telescope is readied for its 2018 launch.
 ISIM is about 23% of the overall mass of JWST, which equates to an ISIM mass of 1400 kg (3086 lb). New Worlds Mission
The New Worlds Mission is a proposed project comprising a large occulter in space designed to block the light of nearby stars in order to observe their orbiting exoplanets.
 The observations could be taken with an existing space telescope, possibly the James Webb Space Telescope when it launches, or a dedicated visible light optical telescope optimally designed for the task of finding exoplanets.
 A preliminary research project was funded from 2005 through 2008 by NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) and headed by Webster Cash of the University of Colorado at Boulder in conjunction with Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Northrop Grumman, Southwest Research Institute and others.
 Since 2010 the project has been looking for additional financing from NASA and other sources in the amount of roughly US$3 billion including its own four-meter telescope, or $750 million for one starshade to be used with the James Webb Space Telescope.
 If financed and launched, it would last five years. Spacecraft Bus (JWST)
Spacecraft Bus is the primary support component of the James Webb Space Telescope, that hosts a multitude of computing, communication, propulsion, and structural parts, bringing the different parts of the telescope together.
 Along with the Sunshield, it forms the Spacecraft Element of the space telescope.
 The other two major elements of the JWST are the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) and the Optical Telescope Element (OTE).
 Region 3 of ISIM is also inside the Spacecraft Bus; region 3 includes ISIM Command and Data Handling subsystem and the MIRI cryocooler. Sunshield (JWST)
Sunshield is a component of the James Webb Space Telescope, designed to shield the main optics from the Sun's heat and light.
 This is part of a space telescope, that after it is launched has booms that extend out unfolding a large metal-coated sheet of material.
 This material blocks the Sun's light and heat, so the telescope, which is like an eye, can see the faint light coming from stars and galaxies.
 Much like the way a hat with a rim shades its wearer's eyes, the Sunshield shades the telescope.
 The Sunshield segment includes the layers and its deployment mechanisms, which also includes the trim flap. Space Telescope Science Institute
The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST; in orbit since 1990) and for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST; scheduled to be launched in 2018).
 STScI is located on the Johns Hopkins University Homewood Campus in Baltimore, Maryland and was established in 1981 as a community-based science center that is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA).
 Today, in addition to performing continuing science operations of HST and preparing for scientific exploration with JWST, STScI manages and operates the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), the Data Management Center for the Kepler mission and a number of other activities benefiting from its expertise in and infrastructure for supporting the operations of space-based astronomical observatories.
 Most of the funding for STScI activities comes from contracts with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center but there are smaller activities funded by NASA's Ames Research Center, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the European Space Agency (ESA).
 The staff at STScI consists of scientists (mostly astronomers and astrophysicists), software engineers, data management and telescope operations personnel, education and public outreach experts, and administrative and business support personnel.
 There are approximately 100 Ph.D. scientists working at STScI, 15 of which are ESA staff who are on assignment to the HST project.
 The total STScI staff consists of about 450 people. Fine guidance sensor
A fine guidance sensor (FGS) is an instrument on board a space telescope that provides high-precision pointing information as input to the observatory's attitude control systems.
 FGSs have been deployed on the Hubble Space Telescope, and will be deployed with a different technical approach on the James Webb Space Telescope.
 The system on Hubble uses an interferometric instrument Optical Telescope Element
Optical Telescope Element (OTE) is a sub-section of the James Webb Space Telescope, a large infrared space telescope scheduled to be launched in October 2018.
 The OTE consists of some major parts of the telescopes including the main mirror, the secondary mirrors, the framework and controls to support those mirrors, and various thermal and other systems to support the functioning of the telescope.
 The other two major sections of the JWST are the Integrated Science Instrument Module (holds instruments) and the Spacecraft Element (SE), which includes the Spacecraft Bus and Sunshield.
 The OTE collects the light and sends it to the science instruments in the ISIM.
 The OTE has been compared to being the "eye" of the telescope and the backplane of it to being the "spine".