title: Oliver Smithies
text: Oliver Smithies (23 June 1925 – 10 January 2017) was a British-American geneticist and Nobel laureate,
  
  He invented gel electrophoresis in 1955, which is now one of the basic techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology.
  
  Much later, he worked on the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA. This is the most reliable method of altering animal genomes at present, and the technique behind gene targeting and knockout mice.
  
  Martin Evans and Mario Capecchi were also working on this idea, and they were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2007.
  
  References 
  
  1925 births
  2017 deaths
  American geneticists
  American Nobel Prize winners
  British Nobel Prize winners
  English geneticists
  Foreign Members of the Royal Society
  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
  People from Yorkshire