ACE High
ACE High System (Allied Command Europe High) war ein Troposcatter-Kommunikationssystem der NATO im Kalten Krieg.

Funktion 

Ausgangspunkt des weltweiten Überwachungs- und Langstrecken-Kommunikationssystems war das in den USA installierte WACS (White Alice Communications System).
Dieses System wurde 1956 installiert und verlief von den USA aus führend über Kanada und Alaska und verband sich dort mit der DEW-Line (Distant Early Warning Line).
Diese Verbindung führte als das NARS (North Atlantic Radio System) weiter nach Grönland.

Dieses war mit dem in Europa installierten Langstrecken-Kommunikations-System, dem ACE-High-System – „Allied Command Europe Tropospheric Forward Scatter Communication System“, verbunden. Dieses somit global operierende Kommunikations- und Überwachungssystem führte im Norden von Europa von den Färöern (Station 43 – Sandfelli – Übergabepunkt der NARS-Linie) ausgehend mit der sogenannte Normal-Route (Backbone-Route) nördlich durch Dänemark und Norwegen bis an die sowjetische Grenze sowie südlich durch England, Belgien und Deutschland nach Italien. Von dort führte es über Griechenland bis in die Türkei weiter, wo das ACE-High-System ebenfalls an der Grenze der Sowjetunion und des Warschauer Paktes endete. Dieses vom Militär kontrollierte Kommunikationssystem mit einem damals sehr hohen technischen und einheitlichen Standard (Abhörsicherheit und Verschlüsselung der Informationen) stand somit den Streitkräften der NATO zur Verfügung, um die wichtigsten operativen Zentren und die Radar-Außenposten untereinander zu verbinden, welche verstreut in den verschiedenen europäischen NATO-Ländern installiert waren. Dabei wurden die mit Parabolantennen gerichteten UHF-Aussendungen hoher Leistung an der Troposphäre zur Erde zurückgestreut (Troposcatter), wodurch hohe Reichweiten erzielt werden konnten. Der Vorteil von ACE High war, dass solche Verbindungen auch dann noch funktionierten, wenn Kurzwellen-Verbindungen nach dem Einsatz von Kernwaffen beeinträchtigt wären. Das System wurde für die obere Führungsebene verwendet.
ACE bedeutete „Allied Command Europe“.

ACE-High-Stationen 

Bezeichnung und Standorte der Stationen: Nato-Codierung vor dem Jahr 1959 in Klammern und nach dem Jahr 1971 in Fettschrift.

Norwegen – AFNORTH 

(NC – Senja)
NSEZ - Senja
Position 69°19'44.06"N 17°29'49,52"O 
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(nca – Höggumpen)
NHGZ – Höggumpen
Position 69°04'41.27"N 18°00'16.53"O 
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(ND – Bodö)
NKLZ – Bodoe
Position 67°10'23.34"N 15°01'24.42"O 
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(nda – Bodoe Tail – Kletkov)
NVAZ – Kletkov
Position: no information
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(NE – Mosjöen)
NMOZ – Mosjoen
Position 65°52'41.93"N 13°18'11.54"O 
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(NF – Trondheim)
NSBZ – Trondheim
Position 63°18′41.01″N 10°56′17.75"O 
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter + Radio Line)

(nfa – Trondheim Tail – Graakallen)
Position 63°25'15.27"N 10°15'06.65"O 
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (NG – Oslo AAA)
NSOZ – Oslo
Position 60°03'34.24"N 11°16'09.06"O 
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (NGX – Oslo YYY – Svartas)
NSVZ – Svartas
Position 59°46.48'36"N  11°00'13.59"O 
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:3R (Radio Line)

 (nga - Oslo Tail 01 - Kolsås)
NKOZ – Kolsås
Position: no information
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (ngb – Oslo Tail 02 – Maakeroy)
NVEZ – Maakeroy
Position 69°09'22.44"N 10°26'19.01"O 
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (NH – Kristiansand – Stormyrheia)
NSMZ – Kristiansand
Position 58°27'19.14"N 08°27'43.45"O 
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S (Scatter Line)

 (NJ – Sola – Lysanuf)
NLYZ – Sola
Position 59°31'40.46"N 05°54'12.25"O 
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

Dänemark – AFNORTH 

 (DA – Karup – Torphøj)
DTOZ – Kollemorten
Position 55°52'28.98"N 09°21'00.95"O 
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (daa – Karup Tail – Lundbakke)
DLUZ - Lundebakke
Position 56°13'49.03"N 09°09'48.63"O 
Station Power Plant Category:1b
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

England – ROCCHAN 

 (EAA – Foroes – Sandfelli 2)
Position 62°04'09.59"N 06°58'06.09"O 713 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:unknown

 (EA – Shetlands – Mossy Hill)
UMSZ – Mossy Hill
Position 59°57'04.72"N 01°18'03.98"W 157 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (eab – Shetlands Tail Relay – Collafirth Hill)
UCOZ – (Collafirth Hill)
Position 60°34'56.66"N 01°11'54.82"E 102 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line) 

 (eac – Shetlands Tail – Saxa Vord)
Position 60°49'36.39"N 00°50'39.98"O 229 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line) 

 (EB – Aberdeen – Mormond Hill)
UMOZ – Mormond Hill
Position 57°36'11.19"N 02°01'51.86"O 227 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line) 

 (eba – Aberdeen Tail – Long Haven Hill)
USVZ – Long Haven Hill
Position:57°27'31.94"N 1°48.46'07"O 97 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:Ia
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line) 

 (EC – Boulmer – Brizlee Wood)
UBOZ – Brizlee Wood
Position:55°25'05.46"N 01°46'10.52"O 
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line) 

 (ED – Binbrook – Stenigot)
UBIZ – Stenigot
Position 53°19'36.08"N 00°06'57.44"O 153 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line) 

 (EE – London – Coldblow Lane)
UMAZ – Coldblow Lane
Position 51°17'44.95"N 00°36'51.52"O 194 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line) 

 (eeb – London Tail Relay – Woldinghom)
Position:51°16'45.43"N 0°00'47.46"O 267 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:Ib
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line) 

 (eea – London Tail – Hillingdon)
Position:51°32'41.26"N 0°27'49.17"O 45 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

Frankreich – AFCENT 

 (FAN – Paris – Mont Florentin)
FFLZ – Paris North
49°20'27.59"N 02°03'06.79"O 222 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 2R (Scatter Line + Radio Line) 

 FTAZ – Taverny
49°02'02.88"N 02°13'45.85"O 178 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:unknown

 (fac – Paris Tail (2) – Sant Germain)
48°54'44.67"N 02°01'25.44"O 71 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:Ia
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line) 

 (fae – Paris Tail (2) – Extension (SHAPE)
48°50'34'19"N 02°06'14.30"O 178 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:Ib
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line) 

 (fa – Relais Paris – Emeville)
FEMZ – Emeville
49°18'01.83"N 03°00'41.00"O 247 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:3R (Radio Line) 

 (faa – Paris Tail (1) – Laffaux)
49°27'15.05"N 03°24'57.39"O 143 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line) 

 (fad – Relay Paris – Rozoy Bellevalle)
FRBZ – Rozoy Bellevalle
48°55'56.05"N 03°28'24.62"O 219 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line) 

 (FAS – Paris – Mont Aout)
FAOZ – Paris South
48°46'14.78"N 03°53'25.33"O 216 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line) 

 (FAZ – Trier – Rohrbach)
FROZ – Rohrbach
49°03'18.47"N 07°14'40.74"O 376 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line) 

 (fay – Trier Tail – Kindsbach)
ABHZ – Kindsbach
49°23'48.11"N 07°35'38.32"O 458 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line) 

 (FC – Lyon – Pierre sur Haute)
FLYZ – Lyon
45°39'11.52"N 03°48'33.07"O 1632 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line) 

 (FD – Nice – Signal de la Chens)
FNIZ – Nice
43°44'53.67"N 06°39'44.85"O 1703 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

Belgien – AFCENT 

 BADZ – Adinkerke
51°05'00.72"N 2°35'28.51"O 8 m.üNN
Station Power Plant:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line) 

 BCAZ – Casteau (SHAPE)
50°30'05.56"N 03°58'15.69"O 87 m.üNN
Station Power Plant:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:o.a 

 BCHZ – Chievres
50°35'04.64"N 3°49'05.21"O 53 m.üNN
Station Power Plant:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line) 

 BFRZ – Baraque de Fraiture
50°15'07.94"N 05°43'56.13"O 654 m.üNN
Station Power Plant:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S+2R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

Deutschland – AFCENT 

 ABHZ – Kindsbach
49°23'51.24"N 07°35'41.17"E 458 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:3R (Radio Line) 

(AA – Emden – Aurich)
AEMZ – Aurich
53°30'32.04"N 07°26'34.83"E 10 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I 
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line) 

(AB – Moenchengladbach – Roetgen)
 ALAZ – Lammersdorf
50°39'57.59"N 06°17'14.58"E 593 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I 
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 2R (Scatter + Radio Line) 

(abb – Moenchengladbach Tail (1) – Hehn)
AHEZ – Hehn 
51°10'51.44"N 06°23'37.77"E 81 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:Ib 
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line) 

(aba – Moenchengladbach Tail (2) – Millen)
50°45'57.87"N 05°33'47.26"E 151 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:Ia 
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line) 

 (abc – Uedem) 
AUEZ – Uedem
51°39'39.08"N 06°16'58.97"E 47 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown 
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line) 

(AC – Feldberg)
AFEZ – Feldberg
47°52'23.09"N 08°00'59.73"E 1458 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

Italien – AFSOUTH 

(IE – Dosso dei Galli)
 IDGZ – Dosso dei Galli
45°51'13.66"N 10°22'32.28"O 2174 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S - 1R (1R)(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 IVTZ – Verona Tail (im West Star Bunker)
45°33'17.89"N 10°45'46.83"O 334 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (IA – Livorno – Monte Giogo)
IMXZ – Livorno
44°19'17.38"N 10°07'30.94"O 1496 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (IAZ – Cavriana – Monte Bosco Sucro)
IMBZ - Cavriana
45°21'00.79"N 10°37'01.46"O 189 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 2R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (iaa – Verona Torre 4)
45°27'11.35"N 11°00'30.55"O 164 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (IAY – Lame – Cavanella)
ICEZ - Lame Concordia
45°44'55.99"N 12°52'08.75"O 224 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (iax – Aviano)
 IAVZ – Aviano
46°02'42.92"N 12°36'22.95"O 130 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (IB – Rome – Tolfa)
 ITLZ – Rome
42°09'01.76"N 11°54'32.73"O 621 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (iba – Rome Tail – Monte Cavo)
IMCZ – Monte Cavo
41°45'04.86"N 12°42'31.03"O 930 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (IC – Neaples – Ischia – Punta Fetto)
IICZ – Neaples
40°35'50.88"N 13°54'08.54"O 639 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment: 2S + 2R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (ica – Neaples Tail – Monte Pecorara)
IPEZ – Monte Petrino
41°13'24.29"N 13°57'57.75"O 335 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (icy – Monte Vergine)
IMNZ – Monte Nardello
40°56'33.27"N 14°43'07.28"O 1516 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R(Radio Line)

 (icz – Monte Vulture)
IVUZ – Monte Vulture
40°57'03.12"N 15°38'10.75"O 1301 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:3R(Radio Line)

 (icv – Monte Lacontenente)
41°47"15.14"N 16°02'51.13"O 822 m
Station Power Plant Category: unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

 (icf – Pietra Ficcata)
IPFZ – Pietra Ficcata
40°34'04.90"N 16°19'21.31"O 586 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R(Radio Line)

 (icw – Martina Franca)
IAMZ – Martina Franca
40°39'22.90"N 17°17'21.05"O 496 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (ID – Catanzaro – Monte Mancuso)
IMMZ – Catanzaro
39°01'09.13"N 16°13'32.02"O 1319 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S(Scatter Line)

 (IDA – Monte Lauro – Cozzo tre Grotte)
ICCZ – Monte Lauro
37°06'52.13"N 14°51'18.96"O 944 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (idb – Malta – Gharghur)
IDBZ - Malta – Gharghur
35°55'50.01"N 14°27'43.33"O 123 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

Griechenland – AFSOUTH 

 (GA – Kefallina)
GKFZ – Kefallonia 
38°10'11.18"N 20°37'08.53"O 1001 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

 (GB – Athens – Pendelikon)
 GPKZ – Athens
38°04'50.46"N 23°52'58.14"O 1038 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:4S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(gba – Athens Tail – Cholargos)
GATZ – Athens Tail
Position:no information 
Station Power Plant Category:Ia
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (GBZ – Crete – Ziros)
GZIZ – Ziros
35°03'53.52"N 26°09'14.24"O 786 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S (Scatter Line)

 (GBY – Larissa – Phillon)
GPIZ – Phillon 
39°25'22.75N 23°03'11.54"O 1513 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(gbx – Larissa Tail – Aya Street)
GASZ – Larissa Tail
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:Ib
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

 (GBW – Vitsi) 
GVIZ – Vitzi 
40°38'43.34"N 21°23'11.07"O 2009 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S (Scatter Line)

 (GBV – Ismaros)
 GISZ – Ismaros
40°53'34.67"N 25°32'56.06"O 612 m.üNN
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S(Scatter Line)

Türkei – AFSOUTH 

(TA – Izmir – Bespinar Tepes)
TBPZ – Izmir – Bespnar Tepes
38°18'48.72"N 27°01'29.89"O 964 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(taa – Izmir Tail)
TIZZ – Izmir Tail
Position:no information
evtl.38°23'46.07"N 27°08'13.16"O 75 m
Station Power Plant Category:Ib
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

(TB – Eskisehir – Kutahya Dagi)
TKUZ – Eskisehir
39°25'03.25"N 29°51'19.07"O 1820 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(tba – Eskirsehir Tail)
TESZ – Eskirsehir Tail
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

(TBZ – Amasra – Kuskaya Tebes)
TKYZ – Amasra
41°42'52.92"N 32°22'05.99"O 375 m
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S(Scatter Line)

 (TC – Ankara)
TEDZ – Ankara – Elan Dagi
39°48'20.59"N 32°59'32.27"O 1856 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(tca – Ankara Tail)
TANZ – Ankara Tail
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

(TCK – Merzifon – Kocayanusbasi Tepsi)
TKJZ – Merzifon
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(TCW – Persembe)
TPEZ – Persembe
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(TCV – Pazar)
TPAZ – Pazar
Position: no information
Station Power Plant Category: III
Station Transmitter Equipment: 1S (Scatter Line)

(TD – Sivas – Pinarbasi)
TPIZ – Pinarbasi
38°40'39.10"N 36°24'12.88"O 2285 m
Station Power Plant Category: II
Station Transmitter Equipment: 3S (Scatter Line)

(TG – Adana – Davudi Dagi)
TDDZ – Adana
36°49'39.37"N 35°38'18.66"O 515 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment: 2S + 1R (Scatter + Radio Line)

(tga – Adana Tail)
TADZ – Adana Tail
Position:no information, evtl. 36°59'40.66"N 35°23'45.38"O 45 m
Station Power Plant Category: o.A
Station Transmitter Equipment: 1R (Radio Line)

(TE – Dyarbakir – Karaca Dagi)
TDIZ – Dyarbakir
Position: no information, evtl. 37°42'43.16°N 39°49'42.76"O 1946 m
Station Power Plant Category: II
Station Transmitter Equipment: 1S + 2R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(tea – Dyarbakir Tail)
TDEZ – Dyarbakir Tail
Position: no information
Station Power Plant Category: II
Station Transmitter Equipment: 1R (Radio Line)

(tf – Mardin)
TMAZ – Mardin
Position: no information
evtl.37°19'03.09"N 40°44'39.80"E 1194 m
Station Power Plant Category: o.A
Station Transmitter Equipment: 1R (Radio Line)

(TVK – Merzifon – Kocayanusbasi Tepsi)
TKJZ – Merzifon 
40°57'09.40"N 35°23'04.58"O 1908 m
Station Power Plant Category: unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment: 2S (Scatter Line)

(TCZ – Cap Greco)
JCGZ – Cavo Greko
36°58'00.85"N 34°04'11.41"O 62 m
Station Power Plant Category: unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment: 1S (Scatter Line)

Siehe auch 

 Troposphären-Nachrichtensystem „BARS“

Weblinks 

 ACE High description on usarmygermany.com by Walter Elkins
 ACE High description by Andy Emmerson
 Private Website (1) about ACE-High System, by Gerrit Padberg and Roger Camperi
 Private Website (2) about ACE-High System, by Gerrit Padberg
 Private Italian Website of Monte Gioco
 Private Website von Willibert Wilkens über die NATO ACE-High Richtfunkstation AFEZ Feldberg

Militärische Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie
Militärtechnik (Kalter Krieg)
Kommunikationseinrichtung (NATO)