After the legislation establishing the new department was enacted, the House Appropriations Committee established a new subcommittee. This resulted in the elimination of three appropriations subcommittees in the House and one in the Senate and ultimately affected the jurisdictions of 10 appropriations subcommittees in the House and 8 in the Senate. This report details the evolution of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees' subcommittee structure from the 1920s to the present. In anticipation of the more centralized executive budget system provided under the act, the House also changed its rules to require that all appropriations be considered by the Appropriations Committee. Prior to the Budget and Accounting Act, appropriations bills (and subcommittees) tended to be organized along topical lines. Other than name changes, the salient changes in appropriations bill structure (and, presumably, subcommittee structure) between 1922 and 1946 seem to have been limited to the following:
The combination of the bills for the Treasury and Post Office Departments beginning in the second session of the 68 th Congress (1924); The combination of the Commerce and Labor Departments bill with the State and Justice Departments bill beginning in the second session of the 68 th Congress (1924); The separation of the War Department and Army bill into two bills, one for the Military Establishment and the other for War Department Civil Functions, beginning in the first session of the 75 th Congress (1937); The separation of the Labor Department (and the Federal Security Agency) from the Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, and Labor bill beginning in the first session of the 76 th Congress (1939); and The inclusion of the Judiciary in the Legislative Branch bill during the 78 th Congress (1943-1944). Because appropriations bills continued to be organized along administrative lines, these changes in the executive branch had an impact on appropriations subcommittee structure. Transportation

A separate subcommittee was established to consider appropriations for the newly created Transportation Department by both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees beginning in the 90 th Congress (1967). Once the Subcommittee on Deficiencies in the Senate was eliminated at the end of the 91 st Congress (1970), the two chambers' appropriations subcommittee structures both totaled 13 and remained parallel during this period. The changes that did occur were primarily changes in subcommittee names to reflect changes in agency and departmental status. However, these changes did not represent major shifts in appropriations subcommittee jurisdictions. Major Changes and Renewed Stability: 2003-Present

In response to the establishment of a Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in January 2003, the chairman of the House Appropriations Committee announced that a new appropriations subcommittee would be created. The reorganization left the two chambers with the following 12 subcommittees:
1. These 12 subcommittees have remained in place since 2007. During the first session of the 110 th Congress (2007), based on the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, the House created the Select Intelligence Oversight Panel of the Appropriations Committee to oversee spending on federal intelligence activities. This panel did not have any spending jurisdiction.
This report details the evolution of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees' subcommittee structure from the 1920s to the present. In 1920, the House adopted a change in its rules to consolidate jurisdiction over all appropriations in the Appropriations Committee. After the enactment of the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the House reorganized its Appropriations Committee by establishing for the first time a set of subcommittees to consider appropriations bills based on the administrative organization of the executive branch. The Senate followed suit in 1922, and the two chambers have continued under that basic organizational approach since that time.
It is possible to divide the evolution of the modern Appropriations subcommittee structure into four eras. The first era, stretching roughly from the initial reorganization in the 1920s until the end of the Second World War, was marked by stability. Most of the changes in Appropriations structure resulted from combining bills (e.g., the Treasury Department bill with the Post Office Department bill beginning in 1924), although one new bill (and subcommittee) was created when the appropriations bill for the Department of Labor was split off from the Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, and Labor bill in 1939.
The second era, from the end of the Second World War through 1970, saw a number of significant changes. During this period, Congress attempted to keep pace with executive branch reorganizations (e.g., creation of subcommittees to consider appropriations for the new Departments of Defense in 1947 and Transportation in 1967) and changing national priorities (e.g., creation of a separate appropriations bill, and later subcommittee, for foreign operations).
The third era, from 1971 through 2003, was marked by a renewed stability. While some appropriations subcommittees were renamed to reflect changes in agency and departmental status, these changes did not represent major shifts in jurisdiction.
Following major changes in organization involving nearly every subcommittee in the 108th, 109th, and 110th Congresses, the two chambers have once again settled into an era of stable organization. In 2003, both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees merged their subcommittees on Transportation and Treasury and created new subcommittees to consider appropriations for the newly created Department of Homeland Security. In 2005, both chambers undertook major reorganizations, eliminating three subcommittees in the House and one in the Senate. This reorganization, however, left the two chambers with differing subcommittee jurisdictions. In 2007 the two Appropriations Committees reorganized again to reestablish parallel subcommittees that have remained in place since.
During the first session of the 110th Congress (2007), the House created the Select Intelligence Oversight Panel of the appropriations committee to oversee spending on federal intelligence activities. This panel was eliminated in 2011 at the beginning of the 112th Congress.
This report will be updated to reflect any changes in Appropriations subcommittee structure.