	Background

The Bureau takes extraordinary measures to produce a complete and accurate  census. Importantly, nonresponse follow-up is the last opportunity for people to be  directly counted in the census. First, for 2010, the mail-back  response rate, used for determining the nonresponse follow-up workload, of 61.4  percent for the city of L.A. is lagging the national rate of 63.2 percent. The Bureau Is Positioned to Conduct Nonresponse Follow-up but Could Encounter Local and Other Challenges

Nationally, in terms of workload (as measured by the mail-back response rate)  and staffing levels, the Bureau appears to be well positioned to implement  nonresponse follow-up. On both counts, the Bureau’s performance is meeting its  expected goals. With respect to the mail-back response rate, the Bureau expected a level of  between 59 percent and 65 percent. The actual mail-back response rate when the  Bureau determined the universe of houses to visit for nonresponse follow-up on  April 19, was just over 63 percent, well within its estimates. This translates into  a workload of around 48 million housing units. In terms of recruiting, the L.A. region has met its recruiting goals. Starting pay  for enumerators, which is based on local labor markets, is $17 per hour in the  L.A. area. Aside from workload and staffing, the reliability of the Bureau’s automated  systems, and in particular an information technology (IT) system used for  managing the Bureau’s field operations, is an open question. Further,  census data are used to help ensure compliance with federal civil rights and other  laws protecting our citizens. Census Data Are Used to Allocate Federal Aid to States and Localities

Many federal assistance programs are funded by formula grants that have  historically relied, at least in part, on census and related population data to  allocate funds. In our recent analysis, we found that the 10 largest federal  assistance programs obligated an estimated $478 billion in fiscal year 2009  based, to some extent, on census and related population data. The grants included  Medicaid, Highway Planning and Construction, Head Start, and the Children’s  Health Insurance Program. Key Steps Could Help Ensure Timely and Accurate Follow-up Operations

Nationally, following up on nonresponding households is a daunting task, and  L.A. presents its own challenges and opportunities. For example, data from a  planning database the Bureau developed placed L.A. County first on a list of the  top 50 U.S. counties with the highest number of people living in hard-to-count  areas, based on data from the 2000 Census. Factors contributing to the area’s hard-to- count challenges include poverty, unemployment, and language barriers. At the same time, it will be important for the Bureau to  fully leverage its partnership program—an effort where specially trained Bureau  employees engage key government and community organizations to support the  census—to help pave the way for nonresponse follow-up and improve  cooperation with enumerators. Concluding Observations

As measured by workload and staffing levels, the Bureau is generally well- positioned to launch nonresponse follow-up. The operation starts tomorrow and  will have more than 600,000 enumerators fan out across the country, collecting  census information from those households that did not mail back their forms. With that in mind, the level of  cooperation that occurs in the coming weeks on doorsteps across the country—as  well as right here in downtown and South L.A.; Echo Park and Westlake;  Wilshire and East Hollywood; and in neighborhoods all across L.A. City and  County—will determine, to a large degree, the ultimate cost and quality of the  decennial census.
Why GAO Did This Study

On May 1, 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau (Bureau) will launch its massive follow-up effort with the roughly 48 million households that did not mail back their census forms (130 million forms were delivered). As part of this nonresponse follow-up effort, over 600,000 enumerators will fan out across the country, personally contacting nonresponding housing units as many as six times in an effort to ensure everyone is counted. As requested, GAO's testimony in Los Angeles (L.A.) focuses on the importance of census participation, paying particular attention to (1) the Bureau's preparedness for nonresponse follow-up in terms of workload and staffing levels, (2) why it will be critical for Angelenos and others across the country to cooperate with enumerators during nonresponse follow-up, and (3) key steps the Bureau needs to take moving forward to ensure nonresponse follow-up is timely and accurate. The testimony is based on previously issued and ongoing GAO work.

What GAO Found

Nationally, based on workload and staffing levels, the Bureau appears to be well positioned to implement nonresponse follow-up. On both counts, the Bureau's performance is meeting its expected goals. With respect to the mail-back response rate, the Bureau expected a level of between 59 percent and 65 percent. The actual mail-back response rate when the Bureau determined the universe of houses to visit for nonresponse follow-up on April 19, was 63.2 percent, well within its estimates. The mail-back response rate for L.A. City was 61.4 percent, and L.A. County was 64.7 percent. In terms of staffing, the Bureau met its goals both nationally as well as for L.A. Still, the Bureau could encounter pockets of challenges at the local level where mail-back response rates are less than expected. Further, the reliability of a computer system needed to administer nonresponse follow-up is an open question. Participation in the census has decade-long implications for individuals, communities, and states. For example, census data are used to apportion House seats, redraw the boundaries of congressional and local election districts, and help ensure compliance with civil rights and other laws protecting our citizens. A complete count also helps ensure that L.A. and other areas obtain their fair share of federal assistance. Indeed, a number of formula grants allocate money based at least in part on census and related population data. GAO's recent analysis found that the 10 largest federal assistance programs obligated an estimated $478 billion in fiscal year 2009 based, to some extent, on census and related population data. The grants included Medicaid, Highway Planning and Construction, Head Start, and the Children's Health Insurance Program. Local governments as well as businesses use census data for planning and investment decisions, and to better tailor the services they provide. Nationally, following up on nonresponding households is a daunting task, and L.A. presents its own challenges and opportunities. For example, data from a planning database the Bureau developed placed L.A. County first on a list of the top 50 U.S. counties with the highest number of people living in hard-to-count areas, based on data from the 2000 Census. Factors contributing to the area's hard-to-count challenges include poverty, unemployment, and language barriers. Moving forward, among other activities, it will be important for the Bureau to track various production, quality, and other indicators as planned to help ensure nonresponse follow-up stays on track. In summary, participation in the census is a quick, easy, and confidential civic act that has a lasting impact on states, cities, neighborhoods, and even individuals. But the benefits that can accrue from a complete and accurate population tally can only occur if Angelenos cooperate with enumerators when they knock on nonrespondents' doors in the weeks ahead.