	Introduction

This report provides a concise, chart- and table-based introduction to China's political institutions and current leaders. The report is intended to assist Members and their staffs seeking to understand where political institutions or individuals fit within the broader Chinese political system and to identify which Chinese officials are responsible for specific portfolios. The information may be useful for Members and staff visiting China, hosting visitors from China, preparing for China-related hearings, or drafting China-related legislation. For a detailed discussion of the Chinese political system, see CRS Report R41007, Understanding China's Political System , by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]. Its third chapter, entitled "Structure of the State," describes China's unicameral legislature, the National People's Congress (NPC) , as "the highest organ of state power." This political power structure is illustrated in Figure 1 . The Communist Party of China is not mentioned in Chapter 3 of the state constitution, although Communist Party leadership is mentioned in passing five times in the state constitution's preamble. As noted above, it is China's dominant political institution, exercising leadership over the entire political system. The Communist Party Politburo Standing Committee

The Communist Party's Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) serves as China's most senior decision-making body. The second-ranked PSC member serves as Premier of the State Council, which manages the state bureaucracy. The seven State positions that confer Politburo membership are the State President and Vice President, the Premier of the State Council, and the four State Council Vice Premiers. The Communist Party's Military

The Party's Central Military Commission (CMC) exercises unified command over China's armed forces, consisting of the active and reserve forces of China's military, the People's Liberation Army (PLA); a paramilitary force, the People's Armed Police Force (PAP); and a militia. In addition to the Premier, the Vice Premiers, the State Councilors, and a Secretary General, it also includes the ministers of China's 20 ministries, the chairmen of three ministerial-level commissions, the governor of the central bank, known as the People's Bank of China, and the head of the National Audit Office. Officials Whose Portfolios Include Foreign Affairs

Several members of the 25-person Party Politburo have portfolios that include foreign affairs.
This report provides a snapshot of China's leading political institutions and current leaders in the form of nine organization charts and three tables. The report is a companion to CRS Report R41007, Understanding China's Political System, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed], which provides a detailed explanation of China's political system. This chart-based report is intended to assist Members and their staffs seeking to understand where political institutions and individuals fit within the broader Chinese political system and to identify which Chinese officials are responsible for specific portfolios. The information may be useful for Members and staff visiting China, hosting visitors from China, preparing for China-related hearings, or drafting China-related legislation.
Figures 1 and 2 depict China's political power structure as it was envisioned in Chapter 3 of the 1982 state constitution, and as actually implemented. The key difference is that while Chapter 3 of the state constitution identifies the National People's Congress as the highest organ of state power, the Communist Party of China exercises leadership over the entire political system.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 provide information about the Communist Party's leadership. Figure 3 presents the Party's hierarchy. Figure 4 lists the members of the Party's most senior decision-making body, the Politburo Standing Committee, and their portfolios. Figure 5 lists all 25 members of the full Politburo and their principal areas of responsibility.
Figure 6 lists the members of the Central Military Commission, a Party body that exercises unified command over the armed forces, known collectively as the People's Liberation Army.
Figure 7 shows where the largely honorary office of the State President sits within the state hierarchy, according to the state constitution. The president's authority actually derives from his concurrent post as General Secretary of the Communist Party.
Figure 8 presents the hierarchy of the State Council, a cabinet-like entity which is tasked with implementing Party policies and managing the state bureaucracy. China conducts its relations with most of the world through the State Council. Table 1 introduces the 10 members of the State Council Executive Committee, listed by rank, with information about each official's portfolio.
Figure 9 depicts the organizational structure of China's unicameral legislature, the National People's Congress.
Table 2 lists leading Party, military, and State officials with portfolios that include foreign affairs. Table 3 lists the top officials of China's Foreign Ministry, with information about each official's portfolio.