GAO’s long-term budget  simulations illustrate the magnitude of this fiscal challenge. Performance  budgeting can help enhance the government’s capacity to assess competing  claims in the budget by arming budgetary decision makers with better  information on the results of both individual programs as well as entire  portfolios of tools and programs addressing common outcomes. PART is central to the Administration’s budget and performance integration initiative. However, it is not clear that PART has had any significant impact on  congressional authorization, appropriations, and oversight activities to  date. Achieving Success in Performance Budgeting Requires Credible Information, Congressional “Buy- in,” and a Comprehensive and Crosscutting Perspective

Let me now turn to three factors we believe are critical to sustaining  successful performance budgeting over time: 1. building a supply of credible performance information, 2. encouraging demand for that information and its use in congressional  processes by garnering stakeholder buy-in, and  3. taking a comprehensive and crosscutting approach to assessing related  programs and policies. As part of the executive branch budget formulation process, PART must  clearly serve the President’s interests. Reexamination Requires a Crosscutting Perspective

While existing performance budgeting initiatives provide a foundation for a  baseline review of federal policies, programs, functions, and activities,  several changes are in order to support the type of reexamination needed. Such an approach would require assessing the performance of all programs  related to a particular goal—including tax expenditures and regulatory  programs—using a common framework. Concluding Observations

The federal government is in a period of profound transition and faces an  array of challenges and opportunities to enhance performance, ensure  accountability, and position the nation for the future. In addition to the  serious long-term fiscal challenges facing the nation, a number of  overarching trends, such as defense and homeland security policies,  increasing global interdependence, and advances in science and  technology, drive the need to reconsider the proper role for the federal  government in the 21st century, including what it does, how it does it, who  does it, and how it gets financed. This will mean bringing a variety of tools  and approaches to bear. Through PMA and its related initiatives, including PART, the  Administration has taken important steps in the right direction by calling  attention to successes and needed improvements in federal management  and performance. It  will only be through the continued attention of the executive branch and  Congress that progress can be sustained and, more importantly,  accelerated. This effort can both strengthen the budget process itself and  provide a valuable tool to facilitate a fundamental reexamination of the  base of government. We recognize that this process will not be easy. Given  the wide range of programs and issues covered, the process of rethinking  the full range of federal government programs, policies, and activities could  take a generation or more to complete.
Why GAO Did This Study

As part of its work to improve the management and performance of the federal government, GAO monitors progress and continuing challenges in performance budgeting and the Administration's related initiatives, such as the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART). In light of the nation's long-term fiscal imbalance and other emerging 21st century challenges, we have also reported that performance budgeting can help facilitate a needed reexamination of what the federal government does, how it does it, who does it, and how it is financed in the future. GAO remains committed to working with Congress and the Administration to help address these important and complex issues.

What GAO Found

The federal government is in a period of profound transition and faces an array of challenges and opportunities to enhance performance, ensure accountability, and position the nation for the future. A number of overarching trends--including the nation's long-term fiscal imbalance--drive the need to reexamine what the federal government does, how it does it, who does it, and how it gets financed. This will mean bringing a variety of tools and approaches to bear on the situation. Performance budgeting holds promise as a means for facilitating a reexamination effort. It can help enhance the government's capacity to assess competing claims for federal dollars by arming decision makers with better information both on the results of individual programs as well as on entire portfolios of tools and programs addressing common goals. However, it is important to remember that in a political process, performance information should be one, but will not be the only, factor in decision making. Existing performance budgeting efforts, such as PART, provide a means for facilitating a baseline review of certain federal policies, programs, functions, and activities. Successful application of these initiatives in this reexamination process rests on building a supply of credible and reliable performance information, encouraging demand for that information by garnering congressional buy-in on what is measured and how it is presented, and developing a comprehensive and crosscutting approach to assessing the performance of all major federal programs and policies encompassing spending, tax expenditures, and regulatory actions. Through the President's Management Agenda and its related initiatives, including PART, the Administration has taken important steps in the right direction by calling attention to successes and needed improvements in federal management and performance. However, it is not clear that PART has had any significant impact on authorization, appropriations, and oversight activities to date. It will only be through the continued attention of the executive branch and Congress that progress can be accelerated and sustained. Such an effort can strengthen the budget process itself and provide a valuable tool to facilitate a fundamental reexamination of the base of government. We recognize that this process will not be easy. Furthermore, given the wide range of programs and issues covered, the process of rethinking government programs and activities could take a generation or more to complete.