	Introduction

Between FY1998 and FY2007, the annual budget of the Department of Defense (DOD) Science and Technology (S&T) Program grew from $7.7 billion to $12.8 billion. In constant FY2009 dollars, the cumulative increase was $22.5 billion. The purpose of this report is to aid Congressional oversight of DOD's S&T program by analyzing this budget increase by department and agency, by budget activity, and by program element. Activities 6.1 through 6.3 (basic research, applied research, and advanced technology development) constitute what is called the Science and Technology (S&T) program. Analysis

This report focuses on the growth in the base S&T budgets between FY1998 and FY2007. Program Elements are the building blocks of DOD's budget. propulsion technologies). It expresses the value of the direct program. Baseline funding, in constant FY2009 dollars, was $9.6 billion dollars per year. Defense agencies, as a whole, increased the least—$5.2 billion. While the defense agencies' 6.2 funding accounted for the single largest increase in funding in absolute dollars, the percentage increase was not as large as those of the departments. The Army and the Air Force basic research increased 39% and 31%, while the Navy's increased 14% and the basic research across all defense agencies increased only 3%. FY1998 appears to have been a transitional year for the PE. Except for the Army's Combat Vehicle and Advanced Automotive Technology program, these PEs contributed little to the overall increase in S&T funding and their relatively high increases in percentage terms are mainly due to their relatively low funding levels. Review of Major Findings

The increase in S&T funding over the 10 years from FY1998 to FY2007 was distributed broadly across the S&T program. Each department (Army, Navy, and Air Force) and the defense agencies as a whole shared roughly equally in dollar terms. A possible exception may be a growing emphasis on countering weapons of mass destruction. In an expanding program, Congress may be able to accommodate an increase in basic research (or elsewhere within the S&T program) without having to make other major allocation adjustments.
Every year Congress appropriates billions of dollars for the Science and Technology Program of the Department of Defense. Besides deciding on how much money to appropriate, Congress must also decide on how best to allocate those resources. Over the last ten years, the Science and Technology program has grown to historic levels in inflation-adjusted dollars. However, the funding increases appear to have peaked. In light of growing federal budget deficits, Congress may re-examine its investments in DOD's S&T program. Before doing that, it might be helpful to understand how the budget increases of the last ten years have been allocated. That is the purpose of this report.
Between FY1998 and FY2007, the annual budget of the Department of Defense (DOD) Science and Technology (S&T) program grew from $7.7 billion to $12.8 billion. The cumulative increase, in constant FY2009 dollars, was $22.5 billion.
The increase was distributed broadly across the S&T program. In constant dollars, the S&T budget of all departments (Army, Navy, and Air Force) and all defense agencies increased (except that of the Missile Defense Agency). While there was some variation in the distribution, no single department, agency, budget activity or program predominated.
Of the three budget activities that make up the S&T program—basic research, applied research, and advanced technology development—basic research increased the least. The increase in basic research varied widely between departments and agencies. Army, Navy, and Air Force advanced technology development, and Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) applied research received the highest increases.
Considering individual program elements, the Army's Combat Vehicle and Advanced Automotive Technology advanced technology development program received the single largest increase in constant dollars ($1.7 billion FY2009 dollars). The mission area that attracted the greatest increases was countering weapons of mass destruction. Four of the eleven S&T program elements that received the highest increases were related to this mission.
This report will not be updated.