In addition to these bilateral activities, the United States has supported multilateral family planning efforts through annual contributions to the U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA). In 1984, at the second International Conference on Population held in Mexico City, Mexico, President Reagan issued what has become known as the "Mexico City policy," which required foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) receiving USAID family planning assistance to certify that they would not perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning, even if such activities were undertaken with non-U.S. funds. Kemp-Kasten prohibits U.S. assistance to organizations that, as determined by the President, support or participate in the management of coercive family planning programs. Presidents Reagan, George Bush, and George W. Bush prohibited U.S. contributions to UNFPA and supported the Mexico City Policy, while Presidents Clinton and Obama have supported U.S. funding of UNFPA and overturned the Mexico City Policy. This section addresses two key actions that were initiated in the mid-1980s and have remained particularly controversial in the U.S. family planning debate: the Mexico City policy involving funding for foreign non-governmental organizations, and "Kemp-Kasten" restrictions on funding for the U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA) because of its activities in China. Rescinded by the Obama Administration (2009)

On January 23, 2009, President Barack Obama issued a presidential memorandum to the Secretary of State and USAID Administrator revoking the Mexico City policy and Bush Administration conditions on voluntary population planning provided by the State Department. U.S. Activities and Funding Levels

USAID is the lead U.S. agency addressing voluntary family planning and reproductive health and has been the largest international family planning donor for over 40 years. Since 1965, it has obligated over $13.8 billion in assistance for international family planning activities. FY2016

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 ( P.L. 113-114 ), stated that not less than $575 million shall be made available for bilateral FP/RH activities, $523.95 of which would be drawn from the Global Health Programs account (GHP). It further stated that $32.5 million shall be made available for UNFPA, a $2.5 million decrease from the enacted level of $35 million annually from FY2012 through FY2015. FY2015

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2015 ( P.L. 113-235 ), enacted in December 2014, stated that not less than $575 million should be made available for bilateral FP/RH activities, and that $35 million shall be made available for UNFPA. FY2014

Enacted in January 2014, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 ( P.L. 113-76 ), directed that no less than $575 million shall be made available for bilateral FP/RH activities, and that an additional $35 million shall be made available for UNFPA. As during previous appropriations cycles, UNFPA funding is subject to certain restrictions, including 
funds not made available for UNFPA because of any provision of law shall be transferred to the Global Health Programs account and made available for family planning, maternal, and reproductive health activities; none of the funds made available may be used by UNFPA for a country program in China; U.S. contributions must be kept in an account separate from other UNFPA accounts and should not commingle with other sums; and UNFPA must not fund abortions. For FY2014, President Obama had requested $635.4 million in bilateral and multilateral family planning funding. The act also states that $35 million shall be made available for UNFPA. For FY2012, the Obama Administration requested a total of $769.105 million for international family planning and reproductive health assistance.
For the past several decades, U.S. policymakers have debated the most appropriate and effective funding levels for U.S. international family planning programs. In the mid-1980s, controversy arose over U.S. family planning assistance when the Ronald Reagan Administration introduced restrictions that became known as the "Mexico City policy." The Mexico City policy required foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to certify that they would not perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning—even if the activities were undertaken with non-U.S. funds. Presidents Reagan and George H. W. Bush also suspended contributions to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) due to evidence of coercive family planning practices in China, citing violations of the "Kemp-Kasten" amendment, which bans U.S. assistance to organizations that, as determined by the President, support or participate in the management of coercive family planning programs.
President Bill Clinton resumed UNFPA funding and rescinded the Mexico City policy in 1993. In 2001, however, President George W. Bush reapplied the Mexico City policy restrictions. The Bush Administration also suspended U.S. contributions to UNFPA from FY2002 to FY2008 following a State Department investigation of family planning programs in China. In January 2009, President Barack Obama issued a memorandum rescinding the Mexico City policy. The President also stated that the United States would resume U.S. contributions to UNFPA.
The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is the primary U.S. agency charged with supporting bilateral voluntary family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) worldwide. Since 1965, it has obligated over $13.8 billion in assistance for international family planning activities. UNPFA is the primary organization through which the United States supports multilateral family planning activities. Recent international family planning-related appropriations and Administration requests are outlined below.
FY2016 funding—Similar to the previous two fiscal years, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113), stated that not less than $575 million shall be made available for bilateral FP/RH activities. The act stated that an additional $32.5 million shall be made available for UNFPA, a $2.5 million decrease from the FY2015-enacted level of $35 million. (The Obama Administration had requested a total of $577.6 million in bilateral FP/RH funding, and $35 million for UNFPA.) FY2015 funding—As in FY2014, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235), stated that not less than $575 million shall be made available for bilateral FP/RH activities, and that an additional $35 million shall be made available for UNFPA. FY2014 funding—Enacted in January 2014, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 (P.L. 113-76) directed that not less than $575 million shall be made available for bilateral FP/RH activities, and that an additional $35 million shall be made available for UNFPA.
For further discussion of abortion and family planning-related restrictions in U.S. legislation and policy, see CRS Report R41360, Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy, by [author name scrubbed]; and CRS Report RL33467, Abortion: Judicial History and Legislative Response, by [author name scrubbed].
This report will be updated as events warrant.