In May 2009, President Obama requested $147.620 billion for R&D in FY2010, a 0.4% increase over the enacted FY2009 R&D funding level of $147.065 billion (est.) (not including FY2009 R&D funding provided under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ( P.L. According to the Obama Administration, preliminary allocations of R&D funding provided under P.L. 111-5 brings total FY2009 R&D funding to $165.400 billion. The President's proposed FY2010 R&D funding included an emphasis on increasing funding for the physical sciences and engineering, an effort consistent with the intent of the America COMPETES Act ( P.L. President Obama would have achieved this objective largely through increased funding for the Department of Energy Office of Science and the National Science Foundation, and, to a lesser extent, the Department of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology's core laboratory research. 111-5 ). 111-8 . For purposes of this report, unless otherwise noted, comparisons of FY2009 and FY2010 R&D funding do not incorporate funding provided under P.L. Under President Obama's FY2010 budget request, six federal agencies would have received 95.1% of total federal R&D funding: the Department of Defense (DOD), 54.0%; the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (primarily the National Institutes of Health (NIH)), 21.0%; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 7.7%; the Department of Energy (DOE), 7.3%; the National Science Foundation (NSF), 3.6%; and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1.5%. President Obama's FY2010 request included $30.884 billion for basic research, up $1.003 billion (3.4%) from FY2009; $28.139 billion for applied research, down $627 million (-2.2%); $84.054 billion for development, up $167 million (0.2%); and $4.543 billion for facilities and equipment, up $12 million (0.3%). Multi-Agency R&D Initiatives Perspective

Federal R&D funding can also be viewed in terms of multi-agency efforts, such as the National Nanotechnology Initiative (see " FY2010 Federal R&D Appropriations Status " section below), and presidential initiatives, such as the Bush Administration's American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI). 110-161 ) for these agencies fell below these doubling targets. FY2010 Federal R&D Appropriations Status

As of December 19, 2009, all twelve of the regular FY2010 appropriations bills have been enacted. Multiagency R&D Initiatives

President Obama's FY2010 budget request provided funding for three multiagency R&D initiatives. In addition to the FY2009 regular appropriations, which were provided in Division F of the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 ( P.L. 111-5 ). NSF's other interagency priorities in its FY2010 request included funding for the Climate Change Science Program ($299.9 million), Homeland Security ($385.5 million), and Networking and Information Technology R&D ($1.111 billion). Therefore, there is insufficient information in the House and Senate bills and reports and in the conference report for P.L. On December, 16, 2009, the President signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 (P.L. In December 2009, Congress merged the Transportation-HUD appropriations act and five other regular appropriations bills into the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 ( H.R. This act was signed into law ( P.L. 111-117 to determine the precise level of R&D funding. For purposes of this report, where specific data is not available, FY2010 agency R&D funding levels provided in Table 17 (and discussed below) have been estimated based on the amounts requested by the department in its request and the proportionate funding levels provided to each DOT agency in the bills and the act, excluding items that are clearly not intended to support R&D and related activities.
In his FY2010 budget request, President Obama sought $147.620 billion for R&D, a $555 million (0.4%) increase from the estimated FY2009 R&D funding level of $147.065 billion (not including FY2009 R&D funding provided under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5). According to the Obama Administration, preliminary allocations of R&D funding provided under P.L. 111-5 brought total FY2009 R&D funding to $165.400 billion. Unless otherwise noted in this report, comparisons of FY2009 and FY2010 R&D funding do not incorporate funding provided under P.L. 111-5. To the extent possible, the agency discussions in this report include an analysis of House and Senate actions with respect to R&D funding. In some cases, however, there is insufficient information to parse agency R&D funding from other spending to determine precise agency funding levels; estimated funding levels are provided for these agencies.
Congress continues to play a central role in defining the nation's R&D priorities, especially with respect to two overarching issues: the extent to which the Federal R&D investment can grow in the context of increased pressure on discretionary spending and how available funding will be prioritized and allocated. A low or negative growth rate in the overall R&D investment may require movement of resources across disciplines, programs, or agencies to address priorities.
Six federal agencies received 95.1% of total federal R&D spending in the President's FY2010 request: the Department of Defense (54.0%), Department of Health and Human Services (21.0%), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (7.7%), Department of Energy (7.3%), National Science Foundation (3.6%), and Department of Agriculture (1.5%). The President's FY2010 request included $30.884 billion for basic research; $28.139 billion for applied research; $84.054 billion for development; and $4.543 billion for R&D facilities and equipment. The FY2010 request included funding for three multiagency R&D initiatives: National Nanotechnology Initiative, $1.637 billion; Networking and Information Technology R&D program, $3.927 billion; and Climate Change Science Program, $2.026 billion.
President Obama requested increases in the R&D budgets of the three agencies that were targeted for doubling in the America COMPETES Act and by President Bush as part of his American Competitiveness Initiative: the Department of Energy Office of Science (up 3.5%), the National Science Foundation (up 8.6%), and the Department of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology's core research and facilities (up 1.2%).
Congress has completed action on all twelve regular FY2010 appropriations bills The final bill, the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2010, was passed by Congress and signed into law on December 19, 2009.
For the past four years, federal R&D funding and execution has been affected by mechanisms used to complete the annual appropriations process—the year-long continuing resolution for FY2007 (P.L. 110-5) and the combining of multiple regular appropriations bills into the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 for FY2008 (P.L. 110-161), the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8), and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 (P.L. 111-117). Completion of appropriations after the beginning of each fiscal year may cause agencies to delay or cancel some planned R&D and equipment acquisition.