The program is operated by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a separately organized agency within DOE that Congress established in the FY2000 National Defense Authorization Act ( P.L. NNSA also manages two other programs, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation and Naval Reactors. Stockpile stewardship consists of all activities in NNSA's Weapons Activities account. It consists of four programs with funding of over $1 billion each and several smaller programs, all of which are discussed in detail below. According to a White House document of May 2010, the President provided Congress with a classified report (the "1251 report") required by the FY2010 National Defense Authorization Act, Section 1251, "on the comprehensive plan to: (1) maintain delivery platforms [that is, bombers, missiles, and submarines that deliver nuclear weapons]; (2) sustain a safe, secure, and reliable U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile; and (3) modernize the nuclear weapons complex." The panel's recommendations included strengthening presidential guidance and oversight of the nuclear enterprise; establishing new congressional mechanisms for leadership and oversight of the enterprise; replacing NNSA with a new Office of Nuclear Security within DOE, renamed to the Department of Energy and Nuclear Security, with the Secretary responsible for the mission; and building a culture of performance, accountability, and credibility. Similarly, in its FY2016 report on energy and water development appropriations, S.Rept. The FY2016 request was $3,187.3 million; the enacted amount, on a comparable basis, for FY2015 was $2,797.2 million. The House Appropriations Committee recommended $3,354.3 million for FY2016. The House passed H.R. 2028 , Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016, by a vote of 240-177, without amendments to the Weapons Activities section of the bill as reported from committee. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommended $3,039.5 million for FY2016. H.R. 2028 , as passed by the House, provided the requested amounts; the Senate Appropriations Committee likewise recommended providing the requested amounts. 113-235 , the FY2015 Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, had also provided full funding for the B61 LEP, the W76 LEP, the W88 Alt 370, and the cruise missile warhead life extension study. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommended $52.0 million, and the omnibus appropriations bill provided this amount. The FY2015-enacted amount for Stockpile Services comparable to the FY2016 budget structure (i.e., minus programs transferred to Nuclear Material Commodities) was $762.4 million. For FY2016, H.R. For FY2016, the House Appropriations Committee recommended $589.2 million and stated, "The recommendation further expands the request to specify funds for the management of nuclear materials to other materials of strategic significance by including funding requested for Material Recycling and Recovery, Storage, Nuclear Materials Integration, and other planning efforts within Strategic Materials Sustainment." Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) Programs

RDT&E includes five programs. The FY2016 request was $1,776.5 million. 2028 , as passed by the House, provided $1,774.2 million. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommended $1,766.3 million. The omnibus appropriations bill provides $1,818.5 million. The FY2016 request was $389.6 million; the House Appropriations Committee recommended $412.9 million, which would, among other things, provide funds "to better understand the properties of plutonium and to advance concepts for pit reuse" and "to enhance U.S. capabilities to assess foreign state weapons activities." H.R. H.R. Readiness in Technical Base and Facilities (RTBF)

This program used to fund infrastructure and operations at nuclear weapons complex sites. However, beginning in FY2016, its main funding elements were material recycle and recovery, recapitalization of facilities, and construction of facilities. The FY2016 request was $1,054.5 million. The House Appropriations Committee recommended consolidating funding for RTBF, Infrastructure and Safety, and Site Stewardship into a new category, Infrastructure and Operations (I&O), for which it recommended $2,228.2 million. 2028 , as passed by the House, provided the amount recommended by the House Appropriations Committee and did not amend the committee's recommendation on consolidation. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommended $1,021.1 billion for RTBF. Infrastructure and Safety

Infrastructure and Safety (I&S), a new program in the FY2016 budget request, included parts of RTBF and another program, Site Stewardship, described below. The FY2016 request was $1,466.1 million; the comparable FY2015-enacted funding was $1,386.7 million. As noted in the previous paragraph, the committee recommended consolidating I&S into I&O. The omnibus appropriations bill followed the House lead and appropriated $2,279.1 million for Infrastructure and Operations. Among other things, the bill provided $25.0 million for certain emergency response-related R&D that had been traditionally funded in Weapons Activities; the Administration requested no funds in the Nuclear Counterterrorism Incident Response Program for this R&D. The FY2016 request for the remaining Site Stewardship program was $36.6 million; the comparable amount for FY2015 was $27.8 million. H.R. The omnibus appropriations bill followed the House budget structure and funded this program under the I&O account. The omnibus appropriations bill provides $682.9 million for Defense Nuclear Security and directed that $30 million should be used for the Security Improvements Program that will address the backlog of security projects, as directed in the House report. For Weapons Activities, the FY2016 request was $283.9 million; the comparable enacted amount for FY2015 was $307.1 million. (NNSA requested an additional amount for Legacy Contractor Pensions under Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation.)
The annual Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Energy (DOE), and several independent agencies.
The DOE budget includes funding for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a separately organized agency within DOE. NNSA operates three programs: Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, which secures nuclear materials worldwide, conducts R&D into nonproliferation and verification, and operates the Nuclear Counterterrorism and Incident Response Program; Naval Reactors, which "is responsible for all U.S. Navy nuclear propulsion work"; and Weapons Activities.
The latter is the subject of this report. It operates the Stockpile Stewardship Program, which maintains the U.S. nuclear gravity bombs and missile warheads and has science and infrastructure programs that support that mission. (The Department of Defense [DOD] operates the bombers and missiles that would deliver nuclear weapons; it is funded in the Department of Defense appropriations bill.) The Armed Services Committees authorize funds for DOD and NNSA programs. The FY2016 request proposed moving counterterrorism programs from Weapons Activities to Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation. On a basis comparable to the FY2016 budget structure, the FY2015 Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act (H.R. 83/P.L. 113-235) provided $8,007.7 million for Weapons Activities. The FY2016 request was $8,846.9 million, a 10.5% increase over FY2015. The House Appropriations Committee recommended providing $8,713.0 million for FY2016. The House passed H.R. 2028, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016, by a vote of 240-177 on May 1. The bill as passed by the House made no changes to the Weapons Activities section of the committee bill. The Senate Appropriations Committee reported the bill on May 21. It recommended providing $8,882.4 million. Congress provided 8,846.9 million for Weapons Activities in the omnibus appropriations bill for FY2016 (H.R. 2029).
Weapons Activities has four main programs, each with a request of over $1 billion for FY2016, as follows. FY2015-enacted amounts included below are comparable to the FY2016 budget structure.
Directed Stockpile Work works directly on nuclear weapons. It includes life extension programs, maintenance, and others. The FY2015-enacted amount was $2,797.2 million; the FY2016 request was $3,187.3 million, a 13.9% increase. H.R. 2028, as passed by the House, provided $3,354.3 million. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommended $3,039.5 million. The omnibus appropriations bill provided $3,387.8 million. Research, Development, Test and Evaluation Programs, which advances the science, engineering, computation, and manufacturing that support Directed Stockpile Work. The FY2015-enacted amount was $1,766.2 million; the FY2016 request was $1,776.6 million, a 0.6% increase. H.R. 2028, as passed by the House, provided $1,774.2 million. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommended $1,766.3 million. The omnibus appropriations bill provided $1,818.5 million. Infrastructure and Safety (I&S), a budget category that NNSA proposed in its FY2016 request, includes operations of facilities, recapitalization, maintenance, safety operations, and other programs. The FY2015-enacted comparable amount was $1,386.7 million; the FY2016 request was $1,466.1 million, a 5.7% increase. The House Appropriations Committee recommended consolidating I&S into Infrastructure and Operations. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommended $1,466.1 million for I&S. The omnibus appropriations bill accepted the House budget structure and consolidated I&S into Infrastructure and Operations, as described next. Readiness in Technical Base and Facilities (RTBF) funds material recycle and recovery, recapitalization of facilities, and construction of facilities. Prior to FY2016, it also funded operations of the nuclear weapons complex. The FY2015-enacted amount was $2,033.4 million; the FY2016 request was $1,054.5 million, with the decrease due to transferring funds to I&S. The FY2015 comparable request for RTBF was $688.0 million, so on a comparable basis FY2016 RTBF increased by 53.3%. The House Appropriations Committee recommended consolidating funding for RTBF, Infrastructure and Safety, and Site Stewardship into a new category, Infrastructure and Operations (I&O), for which it recommended $2,228.2 million. H.R. 2028, as passed by the House, accepted this budget structure. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommended keeping I&S and Site Stewardship as separately funded categories, and providing $1,021.1 million for I&O and $36.6 million for Site Stewardship. The omnibus appropriations bill accepted the consolidated funding structure, and provided $2,279.1 million for Infrastructure and Operations (I&O).
Weapons Activities also includes several smaller programs, all of which are described in this report: Secure Transportation Asset, Site Stewardship, Defense Nuclear Security, Information Technology and Cybersecurity, and Legacy Contractor Pensions.