(2) 
Antidumping (AD) is relief to remedy the adverse price impact of imports sold on the U.S.market at "less than fair value." (3) 
Countervailing duty (CVD) is relief from the adverse price impact of imports that receiveforeign government subsidies. The relief is in the form of extra duties on those imports. Changes in Trade Remedy Laws

The Congress has amended U.S. trade remedy statutes over the years largely in response toindustry concerns that the remedy procedures were not adequately meeting their needs. (17) 

	Trade Remedy Reform Proposals in the 108th Congress

A number of bills have been introduced in the 108th Congress to the U.S. safeguard (section201) and the antidumping and countervailing duty laws. 2365 (English), the Trade Reform Act of 2003, would make changes in anumber of U.S. trade remedy laws, including the section 201 safeguard law. 2365 would lower the causal threshold to requirethat import surges be only "a cause" of injury to U.S. domestic industry. TPA Debate

Treatment of trade remedy laws during U.S. trade agreement negotiations became a highlycontentious subject during the 107th Congress's debate on extending trade promotion authority (TPA)to the President. The House version of the bill did not contain thisprovision. Trade remedy legislation is largely supported by those industries,such as steel, that are most sensitive to foreign competition. The legislation is often opposed by thoseindustries and groups that are users of imports as inputs or consumers of final products. Increasedtrade relief would likely result in higher prices to these groups.
Trade remedies are government measures to minimize the adverse impact of imports ondomestic industries. Antidumping duties are used to counter the effects of imports sold at unfairlylow prices on the domestic market. Countervailing duties are used to counter the price effects ofimports that benefit from government subsidies in the exporting countries. Safeguard remedies (alsocalled Section 201 and escape clause remedies) are used to reduce the injurious impact of surges infairly trade imports.
Some of the bills introduced in the 108th Congress would revise safeguard remedies. Otherswould change antidumping and countervailing-duty remedies. The congressional proposals followdifferent approaches to the same goal -- to ease the procedural burden in obtaining relief andimprove the chances that U.S. industries would obtain relief. In so doing, the legislation would make it less likely that industries would press Congress to directly restrict imports throughprotectionist legislation.
The 106th Congress did pass one change to U.S. trade remedy law, the so-called Byrdamendment. The 107th Congress did not act on trade remedy legislation, but treatment of traderemedy laws in trade negotiations was a major point of contention during the debate over legislationto grant the President trade promotion authority. Several bills that would amend U.S. trade remedylaws have been introduced in the 108th Congress.
Trade remedy legislation is largely supported by those industries, such as steel, that are mostsensitive to foreign competition. The legislation is generally opposed by those industries and groupsthat use imports as inputs or consume them as final products. Increased trade relief would likelyresult in higher prices to these latter groups. This report will be revised as congressional actionwarrants.