	Introduction

Three postsecondary student financial aid programs authorized under the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) are collectively referred to as the campus-based programs—the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) program, the Federal Work-Study (FWS) program, and the Federal Perkins Loan program. The campus-based programs are unique among the need-based federal student aid programs in that federal funds are awarded to institutions of higher education (IHEs) according to formulas that take into account past institutional awards and the aggregate financial need of students attending the institutions. The mix and amount of aid students receive under the programs are determined by each institution's financial aid administrator according to institution-specific award criteria, rather than according to nondiscretionary award criteria, such as that applicable for Pell Grants and Direct Subsidized Loans. The FSEOG and FWS programs were most recently amended and extended under the Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA; P.L. 110-315 ), which reauthorized the programs that are part of the HEA. The campus-based programs' authorization of appropriations, along with many other provisions under the HEA, expired at the end of FY2014. However, Section 422 of the General Education Provisions Act (GEPA) automatically extended the programs' authorizations through FY2015. Congress provided appropriations for the FSEOG and FWS programs beyond FY2015 under a series of appropriations measures, most recently through March 23, 2018, under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 ( P.L. 115-123 ). The Perkins Loan program was amended and extended through FY2017 under the Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2015 (Extension Act; P.L. 114-105 ). The authority for institutions to make new Perkins Loans expired on September 30, 2017. Program Descriptions

This part of the report provides a description of each of the three HEA campus-based financial aid programs—the FSEOG program, the FWS program, and the Federal Perkins Loan program. Program descriptions explain the purpose of each program and the terms under which aid is provided to students. This is referred to as their base guarantee. These institutions receive an allocation greater than their base guarantee, which is called their fair share increase. Federal Work-Study Programs19

The purpose of Federal Work Student programs (FWS) is to provide part-time employment to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students in need of earnings to pursue their course of study and to encourage student participation in community service activities. An institution's financial aid administrator is responsible for awarding FWS aid to eligible students. Unlike the FSEOG and Perkins Loan programs, in which aid is required to be awarded first to students with exceptional financial need, FWS aid may be provided to any student demonstrating financial need. Funding for the Campus-Based Programs

Appropriation figures for the campus-based programs are presented in Table 5 for the past decade. Because of the matching requirements, the campus-based programs leverage federal funding to provide an amount of student financial aid that is greater than the amount of federal funds appropriated for each program.
Three Higher Education Act (HEA) student financial aid programs—the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) program, the Federal Work-Study (FWS) program, and the Federal Perkins Loan program—collectively are referred to as the campus-based programs. The campus-based programs were reauthorized under the Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA; P.L. 110-315), which amended and extended authorization for programs funded under the HEA. The campus-based programs' authorizations of appropriations, along with many other provisions under the HEA, were set to expire at the end of FY2014 and were automatically extended through FY2015 under Section 422 of the General Education Provisions Act (GEPA). Congress provided appropriations for the FSEOG and FWS programs beyond FY2015 under a series of appropriations measures, most recently through March 23, 2018, under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-123). The Perkins Loan program was amended and extended through FY2017 under the Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-105). The authority for institutions to make new Perkins Loans expired on September 30, 2017.
Under the campus-based programs, federal funding is provided to institutions of higher education for the provision of need-based financial aid to students. Institutions participating in the programs are required to provide matching funds equal to approximately one-third of the federal funds they receive. The campus-based programs are unique among the need-based federal student aid programs in that the mix and amount of aid awarded to students are determined by each institution's financial aid administrator according to institution-specific award criteria (which must be consistent with federal program requirements), rather than according to nondiscretionary award criteria, such as those applicable for Pell Grants and Direct Subsidized Loans.
Each program provides students with a distinct type of aid. The FSEOG program provides grant aid only to undergraduate students. The FWS program provides undergraduate, graduate, and professional students the opportunity for paid employment in a field related to their course of study or in community service. The Perkins Loan program provided low-interest loans with favorable terms and conditions to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students.
For FSEOG and FWS, funding is provided to institutions separately for each program according to formulas that take into account both the allocation institutions received in past years (their base guarantee) and their proportionate share of eligible students' need that is in excess of their base guarantee (their fair share increase). From these funds, institutions' financial aid administrators award aid to eligible students who have financial need. The Perkins Loan program operated in a similar manner.
The programs are among the oldest of the federal postsecondary aid programs; however, they now operate amid a host of other aid programs and tax benefits, some of which are not need-based. At present, a relatively small proportion of all students receive campus-based financial aid.
This report describes the FSEOG, FWS, and Federal Perkins Loan programs. It also presents historical information on appropriations provided for the programs and the federal student aid that has been made available to students through the programs.