Department of Defense (DOD) officials now consider cyberspace to be a domain for warfare, similar to air, space, land, and sea. Each service has organizations with IO and EW responsibilities: (1) the Naval Network Warfare Command (NETWARCOM) is the Navy's central operational authority for space, information technology requirements, network and information operations in support of naval forces afloat and ashore; (2) the Army Reserve Information Operations Command has responsibility for conducting information operations, the U.S. Army IO Proponent is responsible for developing requirements for IO doctrine and training, and the Army Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Directorate provides testing services for Electronic Warfare; and finally, (3) the Air Force has created what was to have been a major Cyber Command, but will now be a Numbered Air Force (NAF), the 24 th Air Force to the Air Force Space Command, with responsibility for its portion of cyberwarfare, electronic warfare, and protection of U.S. critical infrastructure networks that support telecommunications systems, utilities, and transportation. This report describes current adversary threats in the information environment and DOD capabilities for conducting military information operations, gives the current state of federal cybersecurity efforts, and provides an overview of related policy issues. Internet messages by terrorist groups have become increasingly sophisticated through use of a cadre of Internet specialists who operate computer servers worldwide. USSTRATCOM gives most of the daily defense and operational activity to the National Security Agency. This situation is known to our potential adversaries. Appendix B. DOD Information Operations Core Capabilities
In Joint Publication 3-13, DOD identifies five core capabilities, or "pillars," for conduct of information operations: (1) Psychological Operations, (2) Military Deception, (3) Operations Security, (4) Computer Network Operations, and (5) Electronic Warfare. Computer Network Exploitation (CNE)

CNE is an area of IO that is not yet clearly defined within DOD. Domination of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

DOD now emphasizes maximum control of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, including the capability to disrupt all current and future communication systems, sensors, and weapons systems. Also, at reduced power, electromagnetic non-kinetic weapons can also be used as a non-lethal method for crowd control.
This report describes the emerging areas of information operations, cybersecurity, and cyberwar in the context of U.S. national security. It also notes related policy issues of potential interest to Congress.
For military planners, the control of information is critical to military success, and communications networks and computers are of vital operational importance. The use of technology to both control and disrupt the flow of information has been generally referred to by several names: information warfare, electronic warfare, cyberwar, netwar, and Information Operations (IO). Currently, IO activities are grouped by the Department of Defense (DOD) into five core capabilities: (1) Psychological Operations, (2) Military Deception, (3) Operational Security, (4) Computer Network Operations, and (5) Electronic Warfare.
Current U.S. military doctrine for IO now places increased emphasis on Psychological Operations, Computer Network Operations, and Electronic Warfare, which includes use of non-kinetic electromagnetic pulse (EMP) weapons, and non-lethal weapons for crowd control. However, as high technology is increasingly incorporated into military functions, the boundaries between all five IO core capabilities are becoming blurred. DOD also acknowledges the existence of a cyber domain, which is similar to air, land, and sea. This new domain is the realm where military functions occur that involve manipulation of the electromagnetic spectrum. Control of the spectrum is essential to military success across all other domains. Definitions and examples of the overlapping categories of IO activity are contained in the appendixes.
This report will be updated to accommodate significant changes.