On October 18, 2004, the President signed into law P.L. 108-334 making appropriations for DHSfor FY2005. 108-334 provides $33.1 billion in new obligational budget authority for DHS, ofwhich $19.6 billion or 59% is for the border and transportation security-related activities identifiedin this report. Border security entails regulating the flow of goods and peopleacross the nation's borders so that dangerous and unwanted goods or people are detected and deniedentry. Transportation security entails inspecting people and goods as they move among differentlocations within the country to reduce the possibility of terrorist attacks or the incursion of unwantedpeople or goods. The activities for which BTS has assumed responsibility are organized into three bureaus: the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP); the Bureau of Immigration and CustomsEnforcement (ICE); and the Transportation Security Agency (TSA). On the other hand, this functionalgrouping does include the activities of the Coast Guard, a separate agency in DHS which is not partof the Directorate for Border and Transportation Security, but which has an essential role inproviding "border and transportation security" as those words are commonly understood. The Administration's FY2005 request followsthis structure and has grouped the requests for the Undersecretary for Border and Transportation;US-VISIT; CBP; ICE; the TSA; the U.S. Coast Guard; and the U.S. Secret Service in Title II Security, Enforcement, and Investigations . For the purposes of this report, we excludeappropriations for the U.S. Secret Service; but include appropriations for FLETC, which is locatedin Title IV. The Administration requested $32.6 billion for DHS in FY2005, of this amount $19 billion or 58% is for Border and Transportation Security functions as identified in the report. Summary of Border and Transportation Security Appropriations, Functional Presentation ($ in millions)
Source: P.L. 108-334 , H.Rept. Cargo and Container Security. Inspections and Inspection Technology (NII). DHS and BTS are currently undertaking a review of air and marine assets andoperations in the department. Citizenship and Immigration Services. P.L. U.S. Coast Guard

The Coast Guard is the lead federal agency for the maritime component of homeland security.
A well-managed border is central to maintaining and improving the security of the homeland against terrorist threats. Border security entails regulating the flow of goods and people across thenation's borders so that dangerous and unwanted goods or people are denied entry. Transportationsecurity entails inspecting and securing people and goods as they move among different locationswithin the country to reduce the possibility of terrorist attacks or the incursion of unwanted peopleor goods. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been given primary responsibility forsecuring the nation's borders and for increasing the security of transportation, among otherresponsibilities.
The locus of border and transportation security activity within DHS is in the Directorate of Border and Transportation Security (BTS) which houses the Bureau of Customs and BorderProtection (CBP), the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and theTransportation Security Administration (TSA). The U.S. Coast Guard is a standalone agency withinDHS but plays an important role in border and transportation security, as does the Federal LawEnforcement Training Center (FLETC). This report includes appropriations for the functions andagencies of BTS, the U.S. Coast Guard and FLETC.
On October 18, 2004, P.L. 108-334 was signed into law, making appropriations for DHS for FY2005. P.L. 108-334 provides $33.1 billion in new obligational budget authority for the activitiesof DHS. Of this amount, $19.6 billion or 59% is for border and transportation activities as identifiedin this report. P.L. 108-334 includes $340 million for the U.S. Visitor and Immigrant StatusIndicator Technology (US-VISIT) program; $5.3 billion for CBP; $3.2 billion for ICE; $3.3 billionfor TSA; $7.4 billion for the U.S. Coast Guard; and $200 million for FLETC.
Significant issues in border and transportation security include cargo and container security; implementation of the US-VISIT program; organization of air and marine assets; aviation security;and security of other transportation modes.
This report will not be updated.
Key Policy Staff: Border and Transportation Security