/*! * URI.js - Mutating URLs * * Version: 1.19.5 * * Author: Rodney Rehm * Web: http://medialize.github.io/URI.js/ * * Licensed under *   MIT License http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license * */(function (root, factory) {  'use strict';  // https://github.com/umdjs/umd/blob/master/returnExports.js  if (typeof module === 'object' && module.exports) {    // Node    module.exports = factory(require('./punycode'), require('./IPv6'), require('./SecondLevelDomains'));  } else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {    // AMD. Register as an anonymous module.    define(['./punycode', './IPv6', './SecondLevelDomains'], factory);  } else {    // Browser globals (root is window)    root.URI = factory(root.punycode, root.IPv6, root.SecondLevelDomains, root);  }}(this, function (punycode, IPv6, SLD, root) {  'use strict';  /*global location, escape, unescape */  // FIXME: v2.0.0 renamce non-camelCase properties to uppercase  /*jshint camelcase: false */  // save current URI variable, if any  var _URI = root && root.URI;  function URI(url, base) {    var _urlSupplied = arguments.length >= 1;    var _baseSupplied = arguments.length >= 2;    // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword    if (!(this instanceof URI)) {      if (_urlSupplied) {        if (_baseSupplied) {          return new URI(url, base);        }        return new URI(url);      }      return new URI();    }    if (url === undefined) {      if (_urlSupplied) {        throw new TypeError('undefined is not a valid argument for URI');      }      if (typeof location !== 'undefined') {        url = location.href + '';      } else {        url = '';      }    }    if (url === null) {      if (_urlSupplied) {        throw new TypeError('null is not a valid argument for URI');      }    }    this.href(url);    // resolve to base according to http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/url/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#constructor    if (base !== undefined) {      return this.absoluteTo(base);    }    return this;  }  function isInteger(value) {    return /^[0-9]+$/.test(value);  }  URI.version = '1.19.5';  var p = URI.prototype;  var hasOwn = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;  function escapeRegEx(string) {    // https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/commit/85ac21783c11f8ccab06106dba9735a31a86924d#commitcomment-821963    return string.replace(/([.*+?^=!:${}()|[\]\/\\])/g, '\\$1');  }  function getType(value) {    // IE8 doesn't return [Object Undefined] but [Object Object] for undefined value    if (value === undefined) {      return 'Undefined';    }    return String(Object.prototype.toString.call(value)).slice(8, -1);  }  function isArray(obj) {    return getType(obj) === 'Array';  }  function filterArrayValues(data, value) {    var lookup = {};    var i, length;    if (getType(value) === 'RegExp') {      lookup = null;    } else if (isArray(value)) {      for (i = 0, length = value.length; i < length; i++) {        lookup[value[i]] = true;      }    } else {      lookup[value] = true;    }    for (i = 0, length = data.length; i < length; i++) {      /*jshint laxbreak: true */      var _match = lookup && lookup[data[i]] !== undefined        || !lookup && value.test(data[i]);      /*jshint laxbreak: false */      if (_match) {        data.splice(i, 1);        length--;        i--;      }    }    return data;  }  function arrayContains(list, value) {    var i, length;    // value may be string, number, array, regexp    if (isArray(value)) {      // Note: this can be optimized to O(n) (instead of current O(m * n))      for (i = 0, length = value.length; i < length; i++) {        if (!arrayContains(list, value[i])) {          return false;        }      }      return true;    }    var _type = getType(value);    for (i = 0, length = list.length; i < length; i++) {      if (_type === 'RegExp') {        if (typeof list[i] === 'string' && list[i].match(value)) {          return true;        }      } else if (list[i] === value) {        return true;      }    }    return false;  }  function arraysEqual(one, two) {    if (!isArray(one) || !isArray(two)) {      return false;    }    // arrays can't be equal if they have different amount of content    if (one.length !== two.length) {      return false;    }    one.sort();    two.sort();    for (var i = 0, l = one.length; i < l; i++) {      if (one[i] !== two[i]) {        return false;      }    }    return true;  }  function trimSlashes(text) {    var trim_expression = /^\/+|\/+$/g;    return text.replace(trim_expression, '');  }  URI._parts = function() {    return {      protocol: null,      username: null,      password: null,      hostname: null,      urn: null,      port: null,      path: null,      query: null,      fragment: null,      // state      preventInvalidHostname: URI.preventInvalidHostname,      duplicateQueryParameters: URI.duplicateQueryParameters,      escapeQuerySpace: URI.escapeQuerySpace    };  };  // state: throw on invalid hostname  // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/pull/345  // and https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/354  URI.preventInvalidHostname = false;  // state: allow duplicate query parameters (a=1&a=1)  URI.duplicateQueryParameters = false;  // state: replaces + with %20 (space in query strings)  URI.escapeQuerySpace = true;  // static properties  URI.protocol_expression = /^[a-z][a-z0-9.+-]*$/i;  URI.idn_expression = /[^a-z0-9\._-]/i;  URI.punycode_expression = /(xn--)/i;  // well, 333.444.555.666 matches, but it sure ain't no IPv4 - do we care?  URI.ip4_expression = /^\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$/;  // credits to Rich Brown  // source: http://forums.intermapper.com/viewtopic.php?p=1096#1096  // specification: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4291.txt  URI.ip6_expression = /^\s*((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?\s*$/;  // expression used is "gruber revised" (@gruber v2) determined to be the  // best solution in a regex-golf we did a couple of ages ago at  // * http://mathiasbynens.be/demo/url-regex  // * http://rodneyrehm.de/t/url-regex.html  URI.find_uri_expression = /\b((?:[a-z][\w-]+:(?:\/{1,3}|[a-z0-9%])|www\d{0,3}[.]|[a-z0-9.\-]+[.][a-z]{2,4}\/)(?:[^\s()<>]+|\(([^\s()<>]+|(\([^\s()<>]+\)))*\))+(?:\(([^\s()<>]+|(\([^\s()<>]+\)))*\)|[^\s`!()\[\]{};:'".,<>?«»“”‘’]))/ig;  URI.findUri = {    // valid "scheme://" or "www."    start: /\b(?:([a-z][a-z0-9.+-]*:\/\/)|www\.)/gi,    // everything up to the next whitespace    end: /[\s\r\n]|$/,    // trim trailing punctuation captured by end RegExp    trim: /[`!()\[\]{};:'".,<>?«»“”„‘’]+$/,    // balanced parens inclusion (), [], {}, <>    parens: /(\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*\]|\{[^}]*\}|<[^>]*>)/g,  };  // http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes.html  // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers#Well-known_ports  URI.defaultPorts = {    http: '80',    https: '443',    ftp: '21',    gopher: '70',    ws: '80',    wss: '443'  };  // list of protocols which always require a hostname  URI.hostProtocols = [    'http',    'https'  ];  // allowed hostname characters according to RFC 3986  // ALPHA DIGIT "-" "." "_" "~" "!" "$" "&" "'" "(" ")" "*" "+" "," ";" "=" %encoded  // I've never seen a (non-IDN) hostname other than: ALPHA DIGIT . - _  URI.invalid_hostname_characters = /[^a-zA-Z0-9\.\-:_]/;  // map DOM Elements to their URI attribute  URI.domAttributes = {    'a': 'href',    'blockquote': 'cite',    'link': 'href',    'base': 'href',    'script': 'src',    'form': 'action',    'img': 'src',    'area': 'href',    'iframe': 'src',    'embed': 'src',    'source': 'src',    'track': 'src',    'input': 'src', // but only if type="image"    'audio': 'src',    'video': 'src'  };  URI.getDomAttribute = function(node) {    if (!node || !node.nodeName) {      return undefined;    }    var nodeName = node.nodeName.toLowerCase();    // <input> should only expose src for type="image"    if (nodeName === 'input' && node.type !== 'image') {      return undefined;    }    return URI.domAttributes[nodeName];  };  function escapeForDumbFirefox36(value) {    // https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/91    return escape(value);  }  // encoding / decoding according to RFC3986  function strictEncodeURIComponent(string) {    // see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent    return encodeURIComponent(string)      .replace(/[!'()*]/g, escapeForDumbFirefox36)      .replace(/\*/g, '%2A');  }  URI.encode = strictEncodeURIComponent;  URI.decode = decodeURIComponent;  URI.iso8859 = function() {    URI.encode = escape;    URI.decode = unescape;  };  URI.unicode = function() {    URI.encode = strictEncodeURIComponent;    URI.decode = decodeURIComponent;  };  URI.characters = {    pathname: {      encode: {        // RFC3986 2.1: For consistency, URI producers and normalizers should        // use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings.        expression: /%(24|26|2B|2C|3B|3D|3A|40)/ig,        map: {          // -._~!'()*          '%24': '$',          '%26': '&',          '%2B': '+',          '%2C': ',',          '%3B': ';',          '%3D': '=',          '%3A': ':',          '%40': '@'        }      },      decode: {        expression: /[\/\?#]/g,        map: {          '/': '%2F',          '?': '%3F',          '#': '%23'        }      }    },    reserved: {      encode: {        // RFC3986 2.1: For consistency, URI producers and normalizers should        // use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings.        expression: /%(21|23|24|26|27|28|29|2A|2B|2C|2F|3A|3B|3D|3F|40|5B|5D)/ig,        map: {          // gen-delims          '%3A': ':',          '%2F': '/',          '%3F': '?',          '%23': '#',          '%5B': '[',          '%5D': ']',          '%40': '@',          // sub-delims          '%21': '!',          '%24': '$',          '%26': '&',          '%27': '\'',          '%28': '(',          '%29': ')',          '%2A': '*',          '%2B': '+',          '%2C': ',',          '%3B': ';',          '%3D': '='        }      }    },    urnpath: {      // The characters under `encode` are the characters called out by RFC 2141 as being acceptable      // for usage in a URN. RFC2141 also calls out "-", ".", and "_" as acceptable characters, but      // these aren't encoded by encodeURIComponent, so we don't have to call them out here. Also      // note that the colon character is not featured in the encoding map; this is because URI.js      // gives the colons in URNs semantic meaning as the delimiters of path segements, and so it      // should not appear unencoded in a segment itself.      // See also the note above about RFC3986 and capitalalized hex digits.      encode: {        expression: /%(21|24|27|28|29|2A|2B|2C|3B|3D|40)/ig,        map: {          '%21': '!',          '%24': '$',          '%27': '\'',          '%28': '(',          '%29': ')',          '%2A': '*',          '%2B': '+',          '%2C': ',',          '%3B': ';',          '%3D': '=',          '%40': '@'        }      },      // These characters are the characters called out by RFC2141 as "reserved" characters that      // should never appear in a URN, plus the colon character (see note above).      decode: {        expression: /[\/\?#:]/g,        map: {          '/': '%2F',          '?': '%3F',          '#': '%23',          ':': '%3A'        }      }    }  };  URI.encodeQuery = function(string, escapeQuerySpace) {    var escaped = URI.encode(string + '');    if (escapeQuerySpace === undefined) {      escapeQuerySpace = URI.escapeQuerySpace;    }    return escapeQuerySpace ? escaped.replace(/%20/g, '+') : escaped;  };  URI.decodeQuery = function(string, escapeQuerySpace) {    string += '';    if (escapeQuerySpace === undefined) {      escapeQuerySpace = URI.escapeQuerySpace;    }    try {      return URI.decode(escapeQuerySpace ? string.replace(/\+/g, '%20') : string);    } catch(e) {      // we're not going to mess with weird encodings,      // give up and return the undecoded original string      // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/87      // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/92      return string;    }  };  // generate encode/decode path functions  var _parts = {'encode':'encode', 'decode':'decode'};  var _part;  var generateAccessor = function(_group, _part) {    return function(string) {      try {        return URI[_part](string + '').replace(URI.characters[_group][_part].expression, function(c) {          return URI.characters[_group][_part].map[c];        });      } catch (e) {        // we're not going to mess with weird encodings,        // give up and return the undecoded original string        // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/87        // see https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/issues/92        return string;      }    };  };  for (_part in _parts) {    URI[_part + 'PathSegment'] = generateAccessor('pathname', _parts[_part]);    URI[_part + 'UrnPathSegment'] = generateAccessor('urnpath', _parts[_part]);  }  var generateSegmentedPathFunction = function(_sep, _codingFuncName, _innerCodingFuncName) {    return function(string) {      // Why pass in names of functions, rather than the function objects themselves? The      // definitions of some functions (but in particular, URI.decode) will occasionally change due      // to URI.js having ISO8859 and Unicode modes. Passing in the name and getting it will ensure      // that the functions we use here are "fresh".      var actualCodingFunc;      if (!_innerCodingFuncName) {        actualCodingFunc = URI[_codingFuncName];      } else {        actualCodingFunc = function(string) {          return URI[_codingFuncName](URI[_innerCodingFuncName](string));        };      }      var segments = (string + '').split(_sep);      for (var i = 0, length = segments.length; i < length; i++) {        segments[i] = actualCodingFunc(segments[i]);      }      return segments.join(_sep);    };  };  // This takes place outside the above loop because we don't want, e.g., encodeUrnPath functions.  URI.decodePath = generateSegmentedPathFunction('/', 'decodePathSegment');  URI.decodeUrnPath = generateSegmentedPathFunction(':', 'decodeUrnPathSegment');  URI.recodePath = generateSegmentedPathFunction('/', 'encodePathSegment', 'decode');  URI.recodeUrnPath = generateSegmentedPathFunction(':', 'encodeUrnPathSegment', 'decode');  URI.encodeReserved = generateAccessor('reserved', 'encode');  URI.parse = function(string, parts) {    var pos;    if (!parts) {      parts = {        preventInvalidHostname: URI.preventInvalidHostname      };    }    // [protocol"://"[username[":"password]"@"]hostname[":"port]"/"?][path]["?"querystring]["#"fragment]    // extract fragment    pos = string.indexOf('#');    if (pos > -1) {      // escaping?      parts.fragment = string.substring(pos + 1) || null;      string = string.substring(0, pos);    }    // extract query    pos = string.indexOf('?');    if (pos > -1) {      // escaping?      parts.query = string.substring(pos + 1) || null;      string = string.substring(0, pos);    }    // extract protocol    if (string.substring(0, 2) === '//') {      // relative-scheme      parts.protocol = null;      string = string.substring(2);      // extract "user:pass@host:port"      string = URI.parseAuthority(string, parts);    } else {      pos = string.indexOf(':');      if (pos > -1) {        parts.protocol = string.substring(0, pos) || null;        if (parts.protocol && !parts.protocol.match(URI.protocol_expression)) {          // : may be within the path          parts.protocol = undefined;        // BUG: NVD-CWE-noinfo Insufficient Information        // } else if (string.substring(pos + 1, pos + 3) === '//') {        // FIXED:         } else if (string.substring(pos + 1, pos + 3).replace(/\\/g, '/') === '//') {          string = string.substring(pos + 3);          // extract "user:pass@host:port"          string = URI.parseAuthority(string, parts);        } else {          string = string.substring(pos + 1);          parts.urn = true;        }      }    }    // what's left must be the path    parts.path = string;    // and we're done    return parts;  };  URI.parseHost = function(string, parts) {    if (!string) {      string = '';    }    // Copy chrome, IE, opera backslash-handling behavior.    // Back slashes before the query string get converted to forward slashes    // See: https://github.com/joyent/node/blob/386fd24f49b0e9d1a8a076592a404168faeecc34/lib/url.js#L115-L124    // See: https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=25916    // https://github.com/medialize/URI.js/pull/233    string = string.replace(/\\/g, '/');    // extract host:port    var pos = string.indexOf('/');    var bracketPos;    var t;    if (pos === -1) {      pos = string.length;    }    if (string.charAt(0) === '[') {      // IPv6 host - http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-6man-text-addr-representation-04#section-6      // I claim most client software breaks on IPv6 anyways. To simplify things, URI only accepts      // IPv6+port in the format [2001:db8::1]:80 (for the time being)      bracketPos = string.indexOf(']');      parts.hostname = string.substring(1, bracketPos) || null;      parts.port = string.substring(bracketPos + 2, pos) || null;      if (parts.port === '/') {        parts.port = null;      }    } else {      var firstColon = string.indexOf(':');      var firstSlash = string.indexOf('/');      var nextColon = string.indexOf(':', firstColon + 1);      if (nextColon !== -1 && (firstSlash === -1 || nextColon < firstSlash)) {        // IPv6 host contains multiple colons - but no port        // this notation is actually not allowed by RFC 3986, but we're a liberal parser        parts.hostname = string.substring(0, pos) || null;        parts.port = null;      } else {        t = string.substring(0, pos).split(':');        parts.hostname = t[0] || null;        parts.port = t[1] || null;      }    }    if (parts.hostname && string.substring(pos).charAt(0) !== '/') {      pos++;      string = '/' + string;    }    if (parts.preventInvalidHostname) {      URI.ensureValidHostname(parts.hostname, parts.protocol);    }    if (parts.port) {      URI.ensureValidPort(parts.port);    }    return string.substring(pos) || '/';  };  URI.parseAuthority = function(string, parts) {    string = URI.parseUserinfo(string, parts);    return URI.parseHost(string, parts);  };  URI.parseUserinfo = function(string, parts) {    // extract username:password    var _string = string    var firstBackSlash = string.indexOf('\\');    if (firstBackSlash !== -1) {      string = string.replace(/\\/g, '/')    }    var firstSlash = string.indexOf('/');    var pos = string.lastIndexOf('@', firstSlash > -1 ? firstSlash : string.length - 1);    var t;    // authority@ must come before /path or \path    if (pos > -1 && (firstSlash === -1 || pos < firstSlash)) {      t = string.substring(0, pos).split(':');      parts.username = t[0] ? URI.decode(t[0]) : null;      t.shift();      parts.password = t[0] ? URI.decode(t.join(':')) : null;      string = _string.substring(pos + 1);    } else {      parts.username = null;      parts.password = null;    }    return string;  };  URI.parseQuery = function(string, escapeQuerySpace) {    if (!string) {      return {};    }    // throw out the funky business - "?"[name"="value"&"]+    string = string.replace(/&+/g, '&').replace(/^\?*&*|&+$/g, '');    if (!string) {      return {};    }    var items = {};    var splits = string.split('&');    var length = splits.length;    var v, name, value;    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {      v = splits[i].split('=');      name = URI.decodeQuery(v.shift(), escapeQuerySpace);      // no "=" is null according to http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/url/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#collect-url-parameters      value = v.length ? URI.decodeQuery(v.join('='), escapeQuerySpace) : null;      if (hasOwn.call(items, name)) {        if (typeof items[name] === 'string' || items[name] === null) {          items[name] = [items[name]];        }        items[name].push(value);      } else {        items[name] = value;      }    }    return items;  };  URI.build = function(parts) {    var t = '';    var requireAbsolutePath = false    if (parts.protocol) {      t += parts.protocol + ':';    }    if (!parts.urn && (t || parts.hostname)) {      t += '//';      requireAbsolutePath = true    }    t += (URI.buildAuthority(parts) || '');    if (typeof parts.path === 'string') {      if (parts.path.charAt(0) !== '/' && requireAbsolutePath) {        t += '/';      }      t += parts.path;    }    if (typeof parts.query === 'string' && parts.query) {      t += '?' + parts.query;    }    if (typeof parts.fragment === 'string' && parts.fragment) {      t += '#' + parts.fragment;    }    return t;  };  URI.buildHost = function(parts) {    var t = '';    if (!parts.hostname) {      return '';    } else if (URI.ip6_expression.test(parts.hostname)) {      t += '[' + parts.hostname + ']';    } else {      t += parts.hostname;    }    if (parts.port) {      t += ':' + parts.port;    }    return t;  };  URI.buildAuthority = function(parts) {    return URI.buildUserinfo(parts) + URI.buildHost(parts);  };  URI.buildUserinfo = function(parts) {    var t = '';    if (parts.username) {      t += URI.encode(parts.username);    }    if (parts.password) {      t += ':' + URI.encode(parts.password);    }    if (t) {      t += '@';    }    return t;  };  URI.buildQuery = function(data, duplicateQueryParameters, escapeQuerySpace) {    // according to http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986 or http://labs.apache.org/webarch/uri/rfc/rfc3986.html    // being »-._~!$&'()*+,;=:@/?« %HEX and alnum are allowed    // the RFC explicitly states ?/foo being a valid use case, no mention of parameter syntax!    // URI.js treats the query string as being application/x-www-form-urlencoded    // see http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/interact/forms.html#form-content-type    var t = '';    var unique, key, i, length;    for (key in data) {      if (hasOwn.call(data, key)) {        if (isArray(data[key])) {          unique = {};          for (i = 0, length = data[key].length; i < length; i++) {            if (data[key][i] !== undefined && unique[data[key][i] + ''] === undefined) {              t += '&' + URI.buildQueryParameter(key, data[key][i], escapeQuerySpace);              if (duplicateQueryParameters !== true) {                unique[data[key][i] + ''] = true;              }            }          }        } else if (data[key] !== undefined) {          t += '&' + URI.buildQueryParameter(key, data[key], escapeQuerySpace);        }      }    }    return t.substring(1);  };  URI.buildQueryParameter = function(name, value, escapeQuerySpace) {    // http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/interact/forms.html#form-content-type -- application/x-www-form-urlencoded    // don't append "=" for null values, according to http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/url/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#url-parameter-serialization    return URI.encodeQuery(name, escapeQuerySpace) + (value !== null ? '=' + URI.encodeQuery(value, escapeQuerySpace) : '');  };  URI.addQuery = function(data, name, value) {    if (typeof name === 'object') {      for (var key in name) {        if (hasOwn.call(name, key)) {          URI.addQuery(data, key, name[key]);        }      }    } else if (typeof name === 'string') {      if (data[name] === undefined) {        data[name] = value;        return;      } else if (typeof data[name] === 'string') {        data[name] = [data[name]];      }      if (!isArray(value)) {        value = [value];      }      data[name] = (data[name] || []).concat(value);    } else {      throw new TypeError('URI.addQuery() accepts an object, string as the name parameter');    }  };  URI.setQuery = function(data, name, value) {    if (typeof name === 'object') {      for (var key in name) {        if (hasOwn.call(name, key)) {          URI.setQuery(data, key, name[key]);        }      }    } else if (typeof name === 'string') {      data[name] = value === undefined ? null : value;    } else {      throw new TypeError('URI.setQuery() accepts an object, string as the name parameter');    }  };  URI.removeQuery = function(data, name, value) {    var i, length, key;    if (isArray(name)) {      for (i = 0, length = name.length; i < length; i++) {        data[name[i]] = undefined;      }    } else if (getType(name) === 'RegExp') {      for (key in data) {        if (name.test(key)) {          data[key] = undefined;        }      }    } else if (typeof name === 'object') {      for (key in name) {        if (hasOwn.call(name, key)) {          URI.removeQuery(data, key, name[key]);        }      }    } else if (typeof name === 'string') {      if (value !== undefined) {        if (getType(value) === 'RegExp') {          if (!isArray(data[name]) && value.test(data[name])) {            data[name] = undefined;          } else {            data[name] = filterArrayValues(data[name], value);          }        } else if (data[name] === String(value) && (!isArray(value) || value.length === 1)) {          data[name] = undefined;        } else if (isArray(data[name])) {          data[name] = filterArrayValues(data[name], value);        }      } else {        data[name] = undefined;      }    } else {      throw new TypeError('URI.removeQuery() accepts an object, string, RegExp as the first parameter');    }  };  URI.hasQuery = function(data, name, value, withinArray) {    switch (getType(name)) {      case 'String':        // Nothing to do here        break;      case 'RegExp':        for (var key in data) {          if (hasOwn.call(data, key)) {            if (name.test(key) && (value === undefined || URI.hasQuery(data, key, value))) {              return true;            }          }        }        return false;      case 'Object':        for (var _key in name) {          if (hasOwn.call(name, _key)) {            if (!URI.hasQuery(data, _key, name[_key])) {              return false;            }          }        }        return true;      default:        throw new TypeError('URI.hasQuery() accepts a string, regular expression or object as the name parameter');    }    switch (getType(value)) {      case 'Undefined':        // true if exists (but may be empty)        return name in data; // data[name] !== undefined;      case 'Boolean':        // true if exists and non-empty        var _booly = Boolean(isArray(data[name]) ? data[name].length : data[name]);        return value === _booly;      case 'Function':        // allow complex comparison        return !!value(data[name], name, data);      case 'Array':        if (!isArray(data[name])) {          return false;        }        var op = withinArray ? arrayContains : arraysEqual;        return op(data[name], value);      case 'RegExp':        if (!isArray(data[name])) {          return Boolean(data[name] && data[name].match(value));        }        if (!withinArray) {          return false;        }        return arrayContains(data[name], value);      case 'Number':        value = String(value);        /* falls through */      case 'String':        if (!isArray(data[name])) {          return data[name] === value;        }        if (!withinArray) {          return false;        }        return arrayContains(data[name], value);      default:        throw new TypeError('URI.hasQuery() accepts undefined, boolean, string, number, RegExp, Function as the value parameter');    }  };  URI.joinPaths = function() {    var input = [];    var segments = [];    var nonEmptySegments = 0;    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {      var url = new URI(arguments[i]);      input.push(url);      var _segments = url.segment();      for (var s = 0; s < _segments.length; s++) {        if (typeof _segments[s] === 'string') {          segments.push(_segments[s]);        }        if (_segments[s]) {          nonEmptySegments++;        }      }    }    if (!segments.length || !nonEmptySegments) {      return new URI('');    }    var uri = new URI('').segment(segments);    if (input[0].path() === '' || input[0].path().slice(0, 1) === '/') {      uri.path('/' + uri.path());    }    return uri.normalize();  };  URI.commonPath = function(one, two) {    var length = Math.min(one.length, two.length);    var pos;    // find first non-matching character    for (pos = 0; pos < length; pos++) {      if (one.charAt(pos) !== two.charAt(pos)) {        pos--;        break;      }    }    if (pos < 1) {      return one.charAt(0) === two.charAt(0) && one.charAt(0) === '/' ? '/' : '';    }    // revert to last /    if (one.charAt(pos) !== '/' || two.charAt(pos) !== '/') {      pos = one.substring(0, pos).lastIndexOf('/');    }    return one.substring(0, pos + 1);  };  URI.withinString = function(string, callback, options) {    options || (options = {});    var _start = options.start || URI.findUri.start;    var _end = options.end || URI.findUri.end;    var _trim = options.trim || URI.findUri.trim;    var _parens = options.parens || URI.findUri.parens;    var _attributeOpen = /[a-z0-9-]=["']?$/i;    _start.lastIndex = 0;    while (true) {      var match = _start.exec(string);      if (!match) {        break;      }      var start = match.index;      if (options.ignoreHtml) {        // attribut(e=["']?$)        var attributeOpen = string.slice(Math.max(start - 3, 0), start);        if (attributeOpen && _attributeOpen.test(attributeOpen)) {          continue;        }      }      var end = start + string.slice(start).search(_end);      var slice = string.slice(start, end);      // make sure we include well balanced parens      var parensEnd = -1;      while (true) {        var parensMatch = _parens.exec(slice);        if (!parensMatch) {          break;        }        var parensMatchEnd = parensMatch.index + parensMatch[0].length;        parensEnd = Math.max(parensEnd, parensMatchEnd);      }      if (parensEnd > -1) {        slice = slice.slice(0, parensEnd) + slice.slice(parensEnd).replace(_trim, '');      } else {        slice = slice.replace(_trim, '');      }      if (slice.length <= match[0].length) {        // the extract only contains the starting marker of a URI,        // e.g. "www" or "http://"        continue;      }      if (options.ignore && options.ignore.test(slice)) {        continue;      }      end = start + slice.length;      var result = callback(slice, start, end, string);      if (result === undefined) {        _start.lastIndex = end;        continue;      }      result = String(result);      string = string.slice(0, start) + result + string.slice(end);      _start.lastIndex = start + result.length;    }    _start.lastIndex = 0;    return string;  };  URI.ensureValidHostname = function(v, protocol) {    // Theoretically URIs allow percent-encoding in Hostnames (according to RFC 3986)    // they are not part of DNS and therefore ignored by URI.js    var hasHostname = !!v; // not null and not an empty string    var hasProtocol = !!protocol;    var rejectEmptyHostname = false;    if (hasProtocol) {      rejectEmptyHostname = arrayContains(URI.hostProtocols, protocol);    }    if (rejectEmptyHostname && !hasHostname) {      throw new TypeError('Hostname cannot be empty, if protocol is ' + protocol);    } else if (v && v.match(URI.invalid_hostname_characters)) {      // test punycode      if (!punycode) {        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-:_] and Punycode.js is not available');      }      if (punycode.toASCII(v).match(URI.invalid_hostname_characters)) {        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-:_]');      }    }  };  URI.ensureValidPort = function (v) {    if (!v) {      return;    }    var port = Number(v);    if (isInteger(port) && (port > 0) && (port < 65536)) {      return;    }    throw new TypeError('Port "' + v + '" is not a valid port');  };  // noConflict  URI.noConflict = function(removeAll) {    if (removeAll) {      var unconflicted = {        URI: this.noConflict()      };      if (root.URITemplate && typeof root.URITemplate.noConflict === 'function') {        unconflicted.URITemplate = root.URITemplate.noConflict();      }      if (root.IPv6 && typeof root.IPv6.noConflict === 'function') {        unconflicted.IPv6 = root.IPv6.noConflict();      }      if (root.SecondLevelDomains && typeof root.SecondLevelDomains.noConflict === 'function') {        unconflicted.SecondLevelDomains = root.SecondLevelDomains.noConflict();      }      return unconflicted;    } else if (root.URI === this) {      root.URI = _URI;    }    return this;  };  p.build = function(deferBuild) {    if (deferBuild === true) {      this._deferred_build = true;    } else if (deferBuild === undefined || this._deferred_build) {      this._string = URI.build(this._parts);      this._deferred_build = false;    }    return this;  };  p.clone = function() {    return new URI(this);  };  p.valueOf = p.toString = function() {    return this.build(false)._string;  };  function generateSimpleAccessor(_part){    return function(v, build) {      if (v === undefined) {        return this._parts[_part] || '';      } else {        this._parts[_part] = v || null;        this.build(!build);        return this;      }    };  }  function generatePrefixAccessor(_part, _key){    return function(v, build) {      if (v === undefined) {        return this._parts[_part] || '';      } else {        if (v !== null) {          v = v + '';          if (v.charAt(0) === _key) {            v = v.substring(1);          }        }        this._parts[_part] = v;        this.build(!build);        return this;      }    };  }  p.protocol = generateSimpleAccessor('protocol');  p.username = generateSimpleAccessor('username');  p.password = generateSimpleAccessor('password');  p.hostname = generateSimpleAccessor('hostname');  p.port = generateSimpleAccessor('port');  p.query = generatePrefixAccessor('query', '?');  p.fragment = generatePrefixAccessor('fragment', '#');  p.search = function(v, build) {    var t = this.query(v, build);    return typeof t === 'string' && t.length ? ('?' + t) : t;  };  p.hash = function(v, build) {    var t = this.fragment(v, build);    return typeof t === 'string' && t.length ? ('#' + t) : t;  };  p.pathname = function(v, build) {    if (v === undefined || v === true) {      var res = this._parts.path || (this._parts.hostname ? '/' : '');      return v ? (this._parts.urn ? URI.decodeUrnPath : URI.decodePath)(res) : res;    } else {      if (this._parts.urn) {        this._parts.path = v ? URI.recodeUrnPath(v) : '';      } else {        this._parts.path = v ? URI.recodePath(v) : '/';      }      this.build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.path = p.pathname;  p.href = function(href, build) {    var key;    if (href === undefined) {      return this.toString();    }    this._string = '';    this._parts = URI._parts();    var _URI = href instanceof URI;    var _object = typeof href === 'object' && (href.hostname || href.path || href.pathname);    if (href.nodeName) {      var attribute = URI.getDomAttribute(href);      href = href[attribute] || '';      _object = false;    }    // window.location is reported to be an object, but it's not the sort    // of object we're looking for:    // * location.protocol ends with a colon    // * location.query != object.search    // * location.hash != object.fragment    // simply serializing the unknown object should do the trick    // (for location, not for everything...)    if (!_URI && _object && href.pathname !== undefined) {      href = href.toString();    }    if (typeof href === 'string' || href instanceof String) {      this._parts = URI.parse(String(href), this._parts);    } else if (_URI || _object) {      var src = _URI ? href._parts : href;      for (key in src) {        if (key === 'query') { continue; }        if (hasOwn.call(this._parts, key)) {          this._parts[key] = src[key];        }      }      if (src.query) {        this.query(src.query, false);      }    } else {      throw new TypeError('invalid input');    }    this.build(!build);    return this;  };  // identification accessors  p.is = function(what) {    var ip = false;    var ip4 = false;    var ip6 = false;    var name = false;    var sld = false;    var idn = false;    var punycode = false;    var relative = !this._parts.urn;    if (this._parts.hostname) {      relative = false;      ip4 = URI.ip4_expression.test(this._parts.hostname);      ip6 = URI.ip6_expression.test(this._parts.hostname);      ip = ip4 || ip6;      name = !ip;      sld = name && SLD && SLD.has(this._parts.hostname);      idn = name && URI.idn_expression.test(this._parts.hostname);      punycode = name && URI.punycode_expression.test(this._parts.hostname);    }    switch (what.toLowerCase()) {      case 'relative':        return relative;      case 'absolute':        return !relative;      // hostname identification      case 'domain':      case 'name':        return name;      case 'sld':        return sld;      case 'ip':        return ip;      case 'ip4':      case 'ipv4':      case 'inet4':        return ip4;      case 'ip6':      case 'ipv6':      case 'inet6':        return ip6;      case 'idn':        return idn;      case 'url':        return !this._parts.urn;      case 'urn':        return !!this._parts.urn;      case 'punycode':        return punycode;    }    return null;  };  // component specific input validation  var _protocol = p.protocol;  var _port = p.port;  var _hostname = p.hostname;  p.protocol = function(v, build) {    if (v) {      // accept trailing ://      v = v.replace(/:(\/\/)?$/, '');      if (!v.match(URI.protocol_expression)) {        throw new TypeError('Protocol "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.+-] or doesn\'t start with [A-Z]');      }    }    return _protocol.call(this, v, build);  };  p.scheme = p.protocol;  p.port = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (v !== undefined) {      if (v === 0) {        v = null;      }      if (v) {        v += '';        if (v.charAt(0) === ':') {          v = v.substring(1);        }        URI.ensureValidPort(v);      }    }    return _port.call(this, v, build);  };  p.hostname = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (v !== undefined) {      var x = { preventInvalidHostname: this._parts.preventInvalidHostname };      var res = URI.parseHost(v, x);      if (res !== '/') {        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-]');      }      v = x.hostname;      if (this._parts.preventInvalidHostname) {        URI.ensureValidHostname(v, this._parts.protocol);      }    }    return _hostname.call(this, v, build);  };  // compound accessors  p.origin = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (v === undefined) {      var protocol = this.protocol();      var authority = this.authority();      if (!authority) {        return '';      }      return (protocol ? protocol + '://' : '') + this.authority();    } else {      var origin = URI(v);      this        .protocol(origin.protocol())        .authority(origin.authority())        .build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.host = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (v === undefined) {      return this._parts.hostname ? URI.buildHost(this._parts) : '';    } else {      var res = URI.parseHost(v, this._parts);      if (res !== '/') {        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-]');      }      this.build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.authority = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (v === undefined) {      return this._parts.hostname ? URI.buildAuthority(this._parts) : '';    } else {      var res = URI.parseAuthority(v, this._parts);      if (res !== '/') {        throw new TypeError('Hostname "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9.-]');      }      this.build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.userinfo = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (v === undefined) {      var t = URI.buildUserinfo(this._parts);      return t ? t.substring(0, t.length -1) : t;    } else {      if (v[v.length-1] !== '@') {        v += '@';      }      URI.parseUserinfo(v, this._parts);      this.build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.resource = function(v, build) {    var parts;    if (v === undefined) {      return this.path() + this.search() + this.hash();    }    parts = URI.parse(v);    this._parts.path = parts.path;    this._parts.query = parts.query;    this._parts.fragment = parts.fragment;    this.build(!build);    return this;  };  // fraction accessors  p.subdomain = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    // convenience, return "www" from "www.example.org"    if (v === undefined) {      if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {        return '';      }      // grab domain and add another segment      var end = this._parts.hostname.length - this.domain().length - 1;      return this._parts.hostname.substring(0, end) || '';    } else {      var e = this._parts.hostname.length - this.domain().length;      var sub = this._parts.hostname.substring(0, e);      var replace = new RegExp('^' + escapeRegEx(sub));      if (v && v.charAt(v.length - 1) !== '.') {        v += '.';      }      if (v.indexOf(':') !== -1) {        throw new TypeError('Domains cannot contain colons');      }      if (v) {        URI.ensureValidHostname(v, this._parts.protocol);      }      this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.replace(replace, v);      this.build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.domain = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (typeof v === 'boolean') {      build = v;      v = undefined;    }    // convenience, return "example.org" from "www.example.org"    if (v === undefined) {      if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {        return '';      }      // if hostname consists of 1 or 2 segments, it must be the domain      var t = this._parts.hostname.match(/\./g);      if (t && t.length < 2) {        return this._parts.hostname;      }      // grab tld and add another segment      var end = this._parts.hostname.length - this.tld(build).length - 1;      end = this._parts.hostname.lastIndexOf('.', end -1) + 1;      return this._parts.hostname.substring(end) || '';    } else {      if (!v) {        throw new TypeError('cannot set domain empty');      }      if (v.indexOf(':') !== -1) {        throw new TypeError('Domains cannot contain colons');      }      URI.ensureValidHostname(v, this._parts.protocol);      if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {        this._parts.hostname = v;      } else {        var replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(this.domain()) + '$');        this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.replace(replace, v);      }      this.build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.tld = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (typeof v === 'boolean') {      build = v;      v = undefined;    }    // return "org" from "www.example.org"    if (v === undefined) {      if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {        return '';      }      var pos = this._parts.hostname.lastIndexOf('.');      var tld = this._parts.hostname.substring(pos + 1);      if (build !== true && SLD && SLD.list[tld.toLowerCase()]) {        return SLD.get(this._parts.hostname) || tld;      }      return tld;    } else {      var replace;      if (!v) {        throw new TypeError('cannot set TLD empty');      } else if (v.match(/[^a-zA-Z0-9-]/)) {        if (SLD && SLD.is(v)) {          replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(this.tld()) + '$');          this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.replace(replace, v);        } else {          throw new TypeError('TLD "' + v + '" contains characters other than [A-Z0-9]');        }      } else if (!this._parts.hostname || this.is('IP')) {        throw new ReferenceError('cannot set TLD on non-domain host');      } else {        replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(this.tld()) + '$');        this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.replace(replace, v);      }      this.build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.directory = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (v === undefined || v === true) {      if (!this._parts.path && !this._parts.hostname) {        return '';      }      if (this._parts.path === '/') {        return '/';      }      var end = this._parts.path.length - this.filename().length - 1;      var res = this._parts.path.substring(0, end) || (this._parts.hostname ? '/' : '');      return v ? URI.decodePath(res) : res;    } else {      var e = this._parts.path.length - this.filename().length;      var directory = this._parts.path.substring(0, e);      var replace = new RegExp('^' + escapeRegEx(directory));      // fully qualifier directories begin with a slash      if (!this.is('relative')) {        if (!v) {          v = '/';        }        if (v.charAt(0) !== '/') {          v = '/' + v;        }      }      // directories always end with a slash      if (v && v.charAt(v.length - 1) !== '/') {        v += '/';      }      v = URI.recodePath(v);      this._parts.path = this._parts.path.replace(replace, v);      this.build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.filename = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (typeof v !== 'string') {      if (!this._parts.path || this._parts.path === '/') {        return '';      }      var pos = this._parts.path.lastIndexOf('/');      var res = this._parts.path.substring(pos+1);      return v ? URI.decodePathSegment(res) : res;    } else {      var mutatedDirectory = false;      if (v.charAt(0) === '/') {        v = v.substring(1);      }      if (v.match(/\.?\//)) {        mutatedDirectory = true;      }      var replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(this.filename()) + '$');      v = URI.recodePath(v);      this._parts.path = this._parts.path.replace(replace, v);      if (mutatedDirectory) {        this.normalizePath(build);      } else {        this.build(!build);      }      return this;    }  };  p.suffix = function(v, build) {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return v === undefined ? '' : this;    }    if (v === undefined || v === true) {      if (!this._parts.path || this._parts.path === '/') {        return '';      }      var filename = this.filename();      var pos = filename.lastIndexOf('.');      var s, res;      if (pos === -1) {        return '';      }      // suffix may only contain alnum characters (yup, I made this up.)      s = filename.substring(pos+1);      res = (/^[a-z0-9%]+$/i).test(s) ? s : '';      return v ? URI.decodePathSegment(res) : res;    } else {      if (v.charAt(0) === '.') {        v = v.substring(1);      }      var suffix = this.suffix();      var replace;      if (!suffix) {        if (!v) {          return this;        }        this._parts.path += '.' + URI.recodePath(v);      } else if (!v) {        replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx('.' + suffix) + '$');      } else {        replace = new RegExp(escapeRegEx(suffix) + '$');      }      if (replace) {        v = URI.recodePath(v);        this._parts.path = this._parts.path.replace(replace, v);      }      this.build(!build);      return this;    }  };  p.segment = function(segment, v, build) {    var separator = this._parts.urn ? ':' : '/';    var path = this.path();    var absolute = path.substring(0, 1) === '/';    var segments = path.split(separator);    if (segment !== undefined && typeof segment !== 'number') {      build = v;      v = segment;      segment = undefined;    }    if (segment !== undefined && typeof segment !== 'number') {      throw new Error('Bad segment "' + segment + '", must be 0-based integer');    }    if (absolute) {      segments.shift();    }    if (segment < 0) {      // allow negative indexes to address from the end      segment = Math.max(segments.length + segment, 0);    }    if (v === undefined) {      /*jshint laxbreak: true */      return segment === undefined        ? segments        : segments[segment];      /*jshint laxbreak: false */    } else if (segment === null || segments[segment] === undefined) {      if (isArray(v)) {        segments = [];        // collapse empty elements within array        for (var i=0, l=v.length; i < l; i++) {          if (!v[i].length && (!segments.length || !segments[segments.length -1].length)) {            continue;          }          if (segments.length && !segments[segments.length -1].length) {            segments.pop();          }          segments.push(trimSlashes(v[i]));        }      } else if (v || typeof v === 'string') {        v = trimSlashes(v);        if (segments[segments.length -1] === '') {          // empty trailing elements have to be overwritten          // to prevent results such as /foo//bar          segments[segments.length -1] = v;        } else {          segments.push(v);        }      }    } else {      if (v) {        segments[segment] = trimSlashes(v);      } else {        segments.splice(segment, 1);      }    }    if (absolute) {      segments.unshift('');    }    return this.path(segments.join(separator), build);  };  p.segmentCoded = function(segment, v, build) {    var segments, i, l;    if (typeof segment !== 'number') {      build = v;      v = segment;      segment = undefined;    }    if (v === undefined) {      segments = this.segment(segment, v, build);      if (!isArray(segments)) {        segments = segments !== undefined ? URI.decode(segments) : undefined;      } else {        for (i = 0, l = segments.length; i < l; i++) {          segments[i] = URI.decode(segments[i]);        }      }      return segments;    }    if (!isArray(v)) {      v = (typeof v === 'string' || v instanceof String) ? URI.encode(v) : v;    } else {      for (i = 0, l = v.length; i < l; i++) {        v[i] = URI.encode(v[i]);      }    }    return this.segment(segment, v, build);  };  // mutating query string  var q = p.query;  p.query = function(v, build) {    if (v === true) {      return URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    } else if (typeof v === 'function') {      var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);      var result = v.call(this, data);      this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(result || data, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);      this.build(!build);      return this;    } else if (v !== undefined && typeof v !== 'string') {      this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(v, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);      this.build(!build);      return this;    } else {      return q.call(this, v, build);    }  };  p.setQuery = function(name, value, build) {    var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    if (typeof name === 'string' || name instanceof String) {      data[name] = value !== undefined ? value : null;    } else if (typeof name === 'object') {      for (var key in name) {        if (hasOwn.call(name, key)) {          data[key] = name[key];        }      }    } else {      throw new TypeError('URI.addQuery() accepts an object, string as the name parameter');    }    this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(data, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    if (typeof name !== 'string') {      build = value;    }    this.build(!build);    return this;  };  p.addQuery = function(name, value, build) {    var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    URI.addQuery(data, name, value === undefined ? null : value);    this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(data, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    if (typeof name !== 'string') {      build = value;    }    this.build(!build);    return this;  };  p.removeQuery = function(name, value, build) {    var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    URI.removeQuery(data, name, value);    this._parts.query = URI.buildQuery(data, this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    if (typeof name !== 'string') {      build = value;    }    this.build(!build);    return this;  };  p.hasQuery = function(name, value, withinArray) {    var data = URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    return URI.hasQuery(data, name, value, withinArray);  };  p.setSearch = p.setQuery;  p.addSearch = p.addQuery;  p.removeSearch = p.removeQuery;  p.hasSearch = p.hasQuery;  // sanitizing URLs  p.normalize = function() {    if (this._parts.urn) {      return this        .normalizeProtocol(false)        .normalizePath(false)        .normalizeQuery(false)        .normalizeFragment(false)        .build();    }    return this      .normalizeProtocol(false)      .normalizeHostname(false)      .normalizePort(false)      .normalizePath(false)      .normalizeQuery(false)      .normalizeFragment(false)      .build();  };  p.normalizeProtocol = function(build) {    if (typeof this._parts.protocol === 'string') {      this._parts.protocol = this._parts.protocol.toLowerCase();      this.build(!build);    }    return this;  };  p.normalizeHostname = function(build) {    if (this._parts.hostname) {      if (this.is('IDN') && punycode) {        this._parts.hostname = punycode.toASCII(this._parts.hostname);      } else if (this.is('IPv6') && IPv6) {        this._parts.hostname = IPv6.best(this._parts.hostname);      }      this._parts.hostname = this._parts.hostname.toLowerCase();      this.build(!build);    }    return this;  };  p.normalizePort = function(build) {    // remove port of it's the protocol's default    if (typeof this._parts.protocol === 'string' && this._parts.port === URI.defaultPorts[this._parts.protocol]) {      this._parts.port = null;      this.build(!build);    }    return this;  };  p.normalizePath = function(build) {    var _path = this._parts.path;    if (!_path) {      return this;    }    if (this._parts.urn) {      this._parts.path = URI.recodeUrnPath(this._parts.path);      this.build(!build);      return this;    }    if (this._parts.path === '/') {      return this;    }    _path = URI.recodePath(_path);    var _was_relative;    var _leadingParents = '';    var _parent, _pos;    // handle relative paths    if (_path.charAt(0) !== '/') {      _was_relative = true;      _path = '/' + _path;    }    // handle relative files (as opposed to directories)    if (_path.slice(-3) === '/..' || _path.slice(-2) === '/.') {      _path += '/';    }    // resolve simples    _path = _path      .replace(/(\/(\.\/)+)|(\/\.$)/g, '/')      .replace(/\/{2,}/g, '/');    // remember leading parents    if (_was_relative) {      _leadingParents = _path.substring(1).match(/^(\.\.\/)+/) || '';      if (_leadingParents) {        _leadingParents = _leadingParents[0];      }    }    // resolve parents    while (true) {      _parent = _path.search(/\/\.\.(\/|$)/);      if (_parent === -1) {        // no more ../ to resolve        break;      } else if (_parent === 0) {        // top level cannot be relative, skip it        _path = _path.substring(3);        continue;      }      _pos = _path.substring(0, _parent).lastIndexOf('/');      if (_pos === -1) {        _pos = _parent;      }      _path = _path.substring(0, _pos) + _path.substring(_parent + 3);    }    // revert to relative    if (_was_relative && this.is('relative')) {      _path = _leadingParents + _path.substring(1);    }    this._parts.path = _path;    this.build(!build);    return this;  };  p.normalizePathname = p.normalizePath;  p.normalizeQuery = function(build) {    if (typeof this._parts.query === 'string') {      if (!this._parts.query.length) {        this._parts.query = null;      } else {        this.query(URI.parseQuery(this._parts.query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace));      }      this.build(!build);    }    return this;  };  p.normalizeFragment = function(build) {    if (!this._parts.fragment) {      this._parts.fragment = null;      this.build(!build);    }    return this;  };  p.normalizeSearch = p.normalizeQuery;  p.normalizeHash = p.normalizeFragment;  p.iso8859 = function() {    // expect unicode input, iso8859 output    var e = URI.encode;    var d = URI.decode;    URI.encode = escape;    URI.decode = decodeURIComponent;    try {      this.normalize();    } finally {      URI.encode = e;      URI.decode = d;    }    return this;  };  p.unicode = function() {    // expect iso8859 input, unicode output    var e = URI.encode;    var d = URI.decode;    URI.encode = strictEncodeURIComponent;    URI.decode = unescape;    try {      this.normalize();    } finally {      URI.encode = e;      URI.decode = d;    }    return this;  };  p.readable = function() {    var uri = this.clone();    // removing username, password, because they shouldn't be displayed according to RFC 3986    uri.username('').password('').normalize();    var t = '';    if (uri._parts.protocol) {      t += uri._parts.protocol + '://';    }    if (uri._parts.hostname) {      if (uri.is('punycode') && punycode) {        t += punycode.toUnicode(uri._parts.hostname);        if (uri._parts.port) {          t += ':' + uri._parts.port;        }      } else {        t += uri.host();      }    }    if (uri._parts.hostname && uri._parts.path && uri._parts.path.charAt(0) !== '/') {      t += '/';    }    t += uri.path(true);    if (uri._parts.query) {      var q = '';      for (var i = 0, qp = uri._parts.query.split('&'), l = qp.length; i < l; i++) {        var kv = (qp[i] || '').split('=');        q += '&' + URI.decodeQuery(kv[0], this._parts.escapeQuerySpace)          .replace(/&/g, '%26');        if (kv[1] !== undefined) {          q += '=' + URI.decodeQuery(kv[1], this._parts.escapeQuerySpace)            .replace(/&/g, '%26');        }      }      t += '?' + q.substring(1);    }    t += URI.decodeQuery(uri.hash(), true);    return t;  };  // resolving relative and absolute URLs  p.absoluteTo = function(base) {    var resolved = this.clone();    var properties = ['protocol', 'username', 'password', 'hostname', 'port'];    var basedir, i, p;    if (this._parts.urn) {      throw new Error('URNs do not have any generally defined hierarchical components');    }    if (!(base instanceof URI)) {      base = new URI(base);    }    if (resolved._parts.protocol) {      // Directly returns even if this._parts.hostname is empty.      return resolved;    } else {      resolved._parts.protocol = base._parts.protocol;    }    if (this._parts.hostname) {      return resolved;    }    for (i = 0; (p = properties[i]); i++) {      resolved._parts[p] = base._parts[p];    }    if (!resolved._parts.path) {      resolved._parts.path = base._parts.path;      if (!resolved._parts.query) {        resolved._parts.query = base._parts.query;      }    } else {      if (resolved._parts.path.substring(-2) === '..') {        resolved._parts.path += '/';      }      if (resolved.path().charAt(0) !== '/') {        basedir = base.directory();        basedir = basedir ? basedir : base.path().indexOf('/') === 0 ? '/' : '';        resolved._parts.path = (basedir ? (basedir + '/') : '') + resolved._parts.path;        resolved.normalizePath();      }    }    resolved.build();    return resolved;  };  p.relativeTo = function(base) {    var relative = this.clone().normalize();    var relativeParts, baseParts, common, relativePath, basePath;    if (relative._parts.urn) {      throw new Error('URNs do not have any generally defined hierarchical components');    }    base = new URI(base).normalize();    relativeParts = relative._parts;    baseParts = base._parts;    relativePath = relative.path();    basePath = base.path();    if (relativePath.charAt(0) !== '/') {      throw new Error('URI is already relative');    }    if (basePath.charAt(0) !== '/') {      throw new Error('Cannot calculate a URI relative to another relative URI');    }    if (relativeParts.protocol === baseParts.protocol) {      relativeParts.protocol = null;    }    if (relativeParts.username !== baseParts.username || relativeParts.password !== baseParts.password) {      return relative.build();    }    if (relativeParts.protocol !== null || relativeParts.username !== null || relativeParts.password !== null) {      return relative.build();    }    if (relativeParts.hostname === baseParts.hostname && relativeParts.port === baseParts.port) {      relativeParts.hostname = null;      relativeParts.port = null;    } else {      return relative.build();    }    if (relativePath === basePath) {      relativeParts.path = '';      return relative.build();    }    // determine common sub path    common = URI.commonPath(relativePath, basePath);    // If the paths have nothing in common, return a relative URL with the absolute path.    if (!common) {      return relative.build();    }    var parents = baseParts.path      .substring(common.length)      .replace(/[^\/]*$/, '')      .replace(/.*?\//g, '../');    relativeParts.path = (parents + relativeParts.path.substring(common.length)) || './';    return relative.build();  };  // comparing URIs  p.equals = function(uri) {    var one = this.clone();    var two = new URI(uri);    var one_map = {};    var two_map = {};    var checked = {};    var one_query, two_query, key;    one.normalize();    two.normalize();    // exact match    if (one.toString() === two.toString()) {      return true;    }    // extract query string    one_query = one.query();    two_query = two.query();    one.query('');    two.query('');    // definitely not equal if not even non-query parts match    if (one.toString() !== two.toString()) {      return false;    }    // query parameters have the same length, even if they're permuted    if (one_query.length !== two_query.length) {      return false;    }    one_map = URI.parseQuery(one_query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    two_map = URI.parseQuery(two_query, this._parts.escapeQuerySpace);    for (key in one_map) {      if (hasOwn.call(one_map, key)) {        if (!isArray(one_map[key])) {          if (one_map[key] !== two_map[key]) {            return false;          }        } else if (!arraysEqual(one_map[key], two_map[key])) {          return false;        }        checked[key] = true;      }    }    for (key in two_map) {      if (hasOwn.call(two_map, key)) {        if (!checked[key]) {          // two contains a parameter not present in one          return false;        }      }    }    return true;  };  // state  p.preventInvalidHostname = function(v) {    this._parts.preventInvalidHostname = !!v;    return this;  };  p.duplicateQueryParameters = function(v) {    this._parts.duplicateQueryParameters = !!v;    return this;  };  p.escapeQuerySpace = function(v) {    this._parts.escapeQuerySpace = !!v;    return this;  };  return URI;}));