ABSTRACT: Today energy demand is very high due toincreasing population and limited resources of non renewable energy in theworld. So many government, private researchers are search alternative resourceof energy. The emission of fossil fuel like CO2, NOX are harmfully for allliving things and CO2 is reason for global warming. Biodiesel is an alternativediesel fuel produced from domestic renewable resources like vegetable oil,animal fat and waste cooking oil .Biodiesel is a biodegradable, lower emission,high flash point and non toxic in nature. The physical and chemical property ofbiodiesel and petro diesel are same but biodiesel is a biodegradable, loweremission and environmentally friendly.
This study has been focused the use ofsunflower biodiesel as an alternative fuel. The Performance and emissions characteristicsof C.I. engine fuelled with sunflower oil methyl ester blended with diesel fuelis experimentally performed. Biodiesel was prepared from sunflower oil bytransesterification process. The biodiesel, blended diesel and pure diesel areperformed at different loading conditions. The performance and emissionparameters studied are BTE, BSFC, CO, CO2 and NOX. The result was compared andpresented in this thesis.
The Sunflower Biodiesel showed the comparableperformance and emissions characteristics as that of diesel. The application ofbiodiesel engine in industrial equipment, heavy vehicle engine, marine engineetcKeywords:Sunflower oil, Biodiesel, Transesterification, Diesel engine, Performance and Emission INTRODUCTION: Biodieselis a clean burning alternative bio fuel, which is produced from Sunflower,karanja, jatropha, waste cooking oil, thumba, soybeans, animal fats sunflowers,alge etc. These are domestic and renewable source. The extracted crude oilcannot be used as a directly in diesel engine because it has a high viscosity,due to high viscosity of pure vegetable oils it will be responsible for highengine deposits and lubricating oil thickening. That would reduce the fuelatomization and increase fuel spray penetration.
To create a biodiesel blend itcan be blended with conventional diesel. Biodiesel is manufacture from achemical process which is known as transesterification. Chemically biodiesel isreferred as methyl esters of long chain fatty acid derived from renewablebiological sources. It can be directly used in the compression ignition engine.Vegetable oil has been good alternative oil instead of petro diesel oil.
Vegetableoil obtained from renewable resources which is biodegradable, non toxic, lessemission and environmentally friendly nature and can be used blend bio dieseloil 1. Due to population growth and increasing vehicle demand rapidlyconsumption of fossil fuel. So alternative