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1
1705-1708
33 19 5 g of CH2FCOOH is dissolved in 500 g of water The depression in the freezing point of water observed is 1 00 C
1
1706-1709
5 g of CH2FCOOH is dissolved in 500 g of water The depression in the freezing point of water observed is 1 00 C Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of fluoroacetic acid
1
1707-1710
The depression in the freezing point of water observed is 1 00 C Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of fluoroacetic acid 1
1
1708-1711
00 C Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of fluoroacetic acid 1 34 Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17
1
1709-1712
Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of fluoroacetic acid 1 34 Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17 535 mm Hg
1
1710-1713
1 34 Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17 535 mm Hg Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water
1
1711-1714
34 Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17 535 mm Hg Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water 1
1
1712-1715
535 mm Hg Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water 1 35 Henry’s law constant for the molality of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4
1
1713-1716
Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water 1 35 Henry’s law constant for the molality of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4 27 × 105 mm Hg
1
1714-1717
1 35 Henry’s law constant for the molality of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4 27 × 105 mm Hg Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg
1
1715-1718
35 Henry’s law constant for the molality of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4 27 × 105 mm Hg Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg 1
1
1716-1719
27 × 105 mm Hg Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg 1 36 100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol–1) was dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar mass 180 g mol–1)
1
1717-1720
Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg 1 36 100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol–1) was dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar mass 180 g mol–1) The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr
1
1718-1721
1 36 100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol–1) was dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar mass 180 g mol–1) The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr Calculate the vapour pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if the total vapour pressure of the solution is 475 Torr
1
1719-1722
36 100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol–1) was dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar mass 180 g mol–1) The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr Calculate the vapour pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if the total vapour pressure of the solution is 475 Torr Rationalised 2023-24 30 Chemistry 1
1
1720-1723
The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr Calculate the vapour pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if the total vapour pressure of the solution is 475 Torr Rationalised 2023-24 30 Chemistry 1 37 Vapour pressures of pure acetone and chloroform at 328 K are 741
1
1721-1724
Calculate the vapour pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if the total vapour pressure of the solution is 475 Torr Rationalised 2023-24 30 Chemistry 1 37 Vapour pressures of pure acetone and chloroform at 328 K are 741 8 mm Hg and 632
1
1722-1725
Rationalised 2023-24 30 Chemistry 1 37 Vapour pressures of pure acetone and chloroform at 328 K are 741 8 mm Hg and 632 8 mm Hg respectively
1
1723-1726
37 Vapour pressures of pure acetone and chloroform at 328 K are 741 8 mm Hg and 632 8 mm Hg respectively Assuming that they form ideal solution over the entire range of composition, plot ptotal, pchloroform, and pacetone as a function of xacetone
1
1724-1727
8 mm Hg and 632 8 mm Hg respectively Assuming that they form ideal solution over the entire range of composition, plot ptotal, pchloroform, and pacetone as a function of xacetone The experimental data observed for different compositions of mixture is: 100 x xacetone 0 11
1
1725-1728
8 mm Hg respectively Assuming that they form ideal solution over the entire range of composition, plot ptotal, pchloroform, and pacetone as a function of xacetone The experimental data observed for different compositions of mixture is: 100 x xacetone 0 11 8 23
1
1726-1729
Assuming that they form ideal solution over the entire range of composition, plot ptotal, pchloroform, and pacetone as a function of xacetone The experimental data observed for different compositions of mixture is: 100 x xacetone 0 11 8 23 4 36
1
1727-1730
The experimental data observed for different compositions of mixture is: 100 x xacetone 0 11 8 23 4 36 0 50
1
1728-1731
8 23 4 36 0 50 8 58
1
1729-1732
4 36 0 50 8 58 2 64
1
1730-1733
0 50 8 58 2 64 5 72
1
1731-1734
8 58 2 64 5 72 1 pacetone /mm Hg 0 54
1
1732-1735
2 64 5 72 1 pacetone /mm Hg 0 54 9 110
1
1733-1736
5 72 1 pacetone /mm Hg 0 54 9 110 1 202
1
1734-1737
1 pacetone /mm Hg 0 54 9 110 1 202 4 322
1
1735-1738
9 110 1 202 4 322 7 405
1
1736-1739
1 202 4 322 7 405 9 454
1
1737-1740
4 322 7 405 9 454 1 521
1
1738-1741
7 405 9 454 1 521 1 pchloroform /mm Hg 632
1
1739-1742
9 454 1 521 1 pchloroform /mm Hg 632 8 548
1
1740-1743
1 521 1 pchloroform /mm Hg 632 8 548 1 469
1
1741-1744
1 pchloroform /mm Hg 632 8 548 1 469 4 359
1
1742-1745
8 548 1 469 4 359 7 257
1
1743-1746
1 469 4 359 7 257 7 193
1
1744-1747
4 359 7 257 7 193 6 161
1
1745-1748
7 257 7 193 6 161 2 120
1
1746-1749
7 193 6 161 2 120 7 Plot this data also on the same graph paper
1
1747-1750
6 161 2 120 7 Plot this data also on the same graph paper Indicate whether it has positive deviation or negative deviation from the ideal solution
1
1748-1751
2 120 7 Plot this data also on the same graph paper Indicate whether it has positive deviation or negative deviation from the ideal solution 1
1
1749-1752
7 Plot this data also on the same graph paper Indicate whether it has positive deviation or negative deviation from the ideal solution 1 38 Benzene and toluene form ideal solution over the entire range of composition
1
1750-1753
Indicate whether it has positive deviation or negative deviation from the ideal solution 1 38 Benzene and toluene form ideal solution over the entire range of composition The vapour pressure of pure benzene and toluene at 300 K are 50
1
1751-1754
1 38 Benzene and toluene form ideal solution over the entire range of composition The vapour pressure of pure benzene and toluene at 300 K are 50 71 mm Hg and 32
1
1752-1755
38 Benzene and toluene form ideal solution over the entire range of composition The vapour pressure of pure benzene and toluene at 300 K are 50 71 mm Hg and 32 06 mm Hg respectively
1
1753-1756
The vapour pressure of pure benzene and toluene at 300 K are 50 71 mm Hg and 32 06 mm Hg respectively Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase if 80 g of benzene is mixed with 100 g of toluene
1
1754-1757
71 mm Hg and 32 06 mm Hg respectively Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase if 80 g of benzene is mixed with 100 g of toluene 1
1
1755-1758
06 mm Hg respectively Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase if 80 g of benzene is mixed with 100 g of toluene 1 39 The air is a mixture of a number of gases
1
1756-1759
Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase if 80 g of benzene is mixed with 100 g of toluene 1 39 The air is a mixture of a number of gases The major components are oxygen and nitrogen with approximate proportion of 20% is to 79% by volume at 298 K
1
1757-1760
1 39 The air is a mixture of a number of gases The major components are oxygen and nitrogen with approximate proportion of 20% is to 79% by volume at 298 K The water is in equilibrium with air at a pressure of 10 atm
1
1758-1761
39 The air is a mixture of a number of gases The major components are oxygen and nitrogen with approximate proportion of 20% is to 79% by volume at 298 K The water is in equilibrium with air at a pressure of 10 atm At 298 K if the Henry’s law constants for oxygen and nitrogen at 298 K are 3
1
1759-1762
The major components are oxygen and nitrogen with approximate proportion of 20% is to 79% by volume at 298 K The water is in equilibrium with air at a pressure of 10 atm At 298 K if the Henry’s law constants for oxygen and nitrogen at 298 K are 3 30 × 107 mm and 6
1
1760-1763
The water is in equilibrium with air at a pressure of 10 atm At 298 K if the Henry’s law constants for oxygen and nitrogen at 298 K are 3 30 × 107 mm and 6 51 × 107 mm respectively, calculate the composition of these gases in water
1
1761-1764
At 298 K if the Henry’s law constants for oxygen and nitrogen at 298 K are 3 30 × 107 mm and 6 51 × 107 mm respectively, calculate the composition of these gases in water 1
1
1762-1765
30 × 107 mm and 6 51 × 107 mm respectively, calculate the composition of these gases in water 1 40 Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2
1
1763-1766
51 × 107 mm respectively, calculate the composition of these gases in water 1 40 Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2 47) dissolved in 2
1
1764-1767
1 40 Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2 47) dissolved in 2 5 litre of water such that its osmotic pressure is 0
1
1765-1768
40 Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2 47) dissolved in 2 5 litre of water such that its osmotic pressure is 0 75 atm at 27° C
1
1766-1769
47) dissolved in 2 5 litre of water such that its osmotic pressure is 0 75 atm at 27° C 1
1
1767-1770
5 litre of water such that its osmotic pressure is 0 75 atm at 27° C 1 41 Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litre of water at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated
1
1768-1771
75 atm at 27° C 1 41 Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litre of water at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated Answers to Some Intext Questions 1
1
1769-1772
1 41 Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litre of water at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated Answers to Some Intext Questions 1 1 C6H6 = 15
1
1770-1773
41 Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litre of water at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated Answers to Some Intext Questions 1 1 C6H6 = 15 28%, CCl4 = 84
1
1771-1774
Answers to Some Intext Questions 1 1 C6H6 = 15 28%, CCl4 = 84 72% 1
1
1772-1775
1 C6H6 = 15 28%, CCl4 = 84 72% 1 2 0
1
1773-1776
28%, CCl4 = 84 72% 1 2 0 459, 0
1
1774-1777
72% 1 2 0 459, 0 541 1
1
1775-1778
2 0 459, 0 541 1 3 0
1
1776-1779
459, 0 541 1 3 0 024 M, 0
1
1777-1780
541 1 3 0 024 M, 0 03 M 1
1
1778-1781
3 0 024 M, 0 03 M 1 4 36
1
1779-1782
024 M, 0 03 M 1 4 36 946 g 1
1
1780-1783
03 M 1 4 36 946 g 1 5 1
1
1781-1784
4 36 946 g 1 5 1 5 mol kg–1 , 1
1
1782-1785
946 g 1 5 1 5 mol kg–1 , 1 45 mol L–1 0
1
1783-1786
5 1 5 mol kg–1 , 1 45 mol L–1 0 0263 1
1
1784-1787
5 mol kg–1 , 1 45 mol L–1 0 0263 1 9 23
1
1785-1788
45 mol L–1 0 0263 1 9 23 4 mm Hg 1
1
1786-1789
0263 1 9 23 4 mm Hg 1 10 121
1
1787-1790
9 23 4 mm Hg 1 10 121 67 g 1
1
1788-1791
4 mm Hg 1 10 121 67 g 1 11 5
1
1789-1792
10 121 67 g 1 11 5 077 g 1
1
1790-1793
67 g 1 11 5 077 g 1 12 30
1
1791-1794
11 5 077 g 1 12 30 96 Pa Rationalised 2023-24 Electrochemistry is the study of production of electricity from energy released during spontaneous chemical reactions and the use of electrical energy to bring about non-spontaneous chemical transformations
1
1792-1795
077 g 1 12 30 96 Pa Rationalised 2023-24 Electrochemistry is the study of production of electricity from energy released during spontaneous chemical reactions and the use of electrical energy to bring about non-spontaneous chemical transformations The subject is of importance both for theoretical and practical considerations
1
1793-1796
12 30 96 Pa Rationalised 2023-24 Electrochemistry is the study of production of electricity from energy released during spontaneous chemical reactions and the use of electrical energy to bring about non-spontaneous chemical transformations The subject is of importance both for theoretical and practical considerations A large number of metals, sodium hydroxide, chlorine, fluorine and many other chemicals are produced by electrochemical methods
1
1794-1797
96 Pa Rationalised 2023-24 Electrochemistry is the study of production of electricity from energy released during spontaneous chemical reactions and the use of electrical energy to bring about non-spontaneous chemical transformations The subject is of importance both for theoretical and practical considerations A large number of metals, sodium hydroxide, chlorine, fluorine and many other chemicals are produced by electrochemical methods Batteries and fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy and are used on a large scale in various instruments and devices
1
1795-1798
The subject is of importance both for theoretical and practical considerations A large number of metals, sodium hydroxide, chlorine, fluorine and many other chemicals are produced by electrochemical methods Batteries and fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy and are used on a large scale in various instruments and devices The reactions carried out electrochemically can be energy efficient and less polluting
1
1796-1799
A large number of metals, sodium hydroxide, chlorine, fluorine and many other chemicals are produced by electrochemical methods Batteries and fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy and are used on a large scale in various instruments and devices The reactions carried out electrochemically can be energy efficient and less polluting Therefore, study of electrochemistry is important for creating new technologies that are ecofriendly
1
1797-1800
Batteries and fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy and are used on a large scale in various instruments and devices The reactions carried out electrochemically can be energy efficient and less polluting Therefore, study of electrochemistry is important for creating new technologies that are ecofriendly The transmission of sensory signals through cells to brain and vice versa and communication between the cells are known to have electrochemical origin
1
1798-1801
The reactions carried out electrochemically can be energy efficient and less polluting Therefore, study of electrochemistry is important for creating new technologies that are ecofriendly The transmission of sensory signals through cells to brain and vice versa and communication between the cells are known to have electrochemical origin Electrochemistry, is therefore, a very vast and interdisciplinary subject
1
1799-1802
Therefore, study of electrochemistry is important for creating new technologies that are ecofriendly The transmission of sensory signals through cells to brain and vice versa and communication between the cells are known to have electrochemical origin Electrochemistry, is therefore, a very vast and interdisciplinary subject In this Unit, we will cover only some of its important elementary aspects
1
1800-1803
The transmission of sensory signals through cells to brain and vice versa and communication between the cells are known to have electrochemical origin Electrochemistry, is therefore, a very vast and interdisciplinary subject In this Unit, we will cover only some of its important elementary aspects After studying this Unit, you will be ·able to describe an electrochemical cell and differentiate between galvanic and electrolytic cells; · apply Nernst equation for calculating the emf of galvanic cell and define standard potential of the cell; · derive relation between standard potential of the cell, Gibbs energy of cell reaction and its equilibrium constant; · define resistivity (r), conductivity (k) and molar conductivity (✆m) of ionic solutions; · differentiate between ionic (electrolytic) and electronic conductivity; · describe the method for measurement of conductivity of electrolytic solutions and calculation of their molar conductivity; · justify the variation of conductivity and molar conductivity of solutions with change in their concentration and define m (molar conductivity at zero concentration or infinite dilution); · enunciate Kohlrausch law and learn its applications; · understand quantitative aspects of electrolysis; · describe the construction of some primary and secondary batteries and fuel cells; · explain corrosion as an electrochemical process
1
1801-1804
Electrochemistry, is therefore, a very vast and interdisciplinary subject In this Unit, we will cover only some of its important elementary aspects After studying this Unit, you will be ·able to describe an electrochemical cell and differentiate between galvanic and electrolytic cells; · apply Nernst equation for calculating the emf of galvanic cell and define standard potential of the cell; · derive relation between standard potential of the cell, Gibbs energy of cell reaction and its equilibrium constant; · define resistivity (r), conductivity (k) and molar conductivity (✆m) of ionic solutions; · differentiate between ionic (electrolytic) and electronic conductivity; · describe the method for measurement of conductivity of electrolytic solutions and calculation of their molar conductivity; · justify the variation of conductivity and molar conductivity of solutions with change in their concentration and define m (molar conductivity at zero concentration or infinite dilution); · enunciate Kohlrausch law and learn its applications; · understand quantitative aspects of electrolysis; · describe the construction of some primary and secondary batteries and fuel cells; · explain corrosion as an electrochemical process Objectives Chemical reactions can be used to produce electrical energy, conversely, electrical energy can be used to carry out chemical reactions that do not proceed spontaneously
1
1802-1805
In this Unit, we will cover only some of its important elementary aspects After studying this Unit, you will be ·able to describe an electrochemical cell and differentiate between galvanic and electrolytic cells; · apply Nernst equation for calculating the emf of galvanic cell and define standard potential of the cell; · derive relation between standard potential of the cell, Gibbs energy of cell reaction and its equilibrium constant; · define resistivity (r), conductivity (k) and molar conductivity (✆m) of ionic solutions; · differentiate between ionic (electrolytic) and electronic conductivity; · describe the method for measurement of conductivity of electrolytic solutions and calculation of their molar conductivity; · justify the variation of conductivity and molar conductivity of solutions with change in their concentration and define m (molar conductivity at zero concentration or infinite dilution); · enunciate Kohlrausch law and learn its applications; · understand quantitative aspects of electrolysis; · describe the construction of some primary and secondary batteries and fuel cells; · explain corrosion as an electrochemical process Objectives Chemical reactions can be used to produce electrical energy, conversely, electrical energy can be used to carry out chemical reactions that do not proceed spontaneously 2 Electrochemistry Unit Unit Unit Unit2Unit Electrochemistry Rationalised 2023-24 32 Chemistry Cu Eext >1
1
1803-1806
After studying this Unit, you will be ·able to describe an electrochemical cell and differentiate between galvanic and electrolytic cells; · apply Nernst equation for calculating the emf of galvanic cell and define standard potential of the cell; · derive relation between standard potential of the cell, Gibbs energy of cell reaction and its equilibrium constant; · define resistivity (r), conductivity (k) and molar conductivity (✆m) of ionic solutions; · differentiate between ionic (electrolytic) and electronic conductivity; · describe the method for measurement of conductivity of electrolytic solutions and calculation of their molar conductivity; · justify the variation of conductivity and molar conductivity of solutions with change in their concentration and define m (molar conductivity at zero concentration or infinite dilution); · enunciate Kohlrausch law and learn its applications; · understand quantitative aspects of electrolysis; · describe the construction of some primary and secondary batteries and fuel cells; · explain corrosion as an electrochemical process Objectives Chemical reactions can be used to produce electrical energy, conversely, electrical energy can be used to carry out chemical reactions that do not proceed spontaneously 2 Electrochemistry Unit Unit Unit Unit2Unit Electrochemistry Rationalised 2023-24 32 Chemistry Cu Eext >1 1 e – Current Cathode +ve Anode –ve Zn Fig
1
1804-1807
Objectives Chemical reactions can be used to produce electrical energy, conversely, electrical energy can be used to carry out chemical reactions that do not proceed spontaneously 2 Electrochemistry Unit Unit Unit Unit2Unit Electrochemistry Rationalised 2023-24 32 Chemistry Cu Eext >1 1 e – Current Cathode +ve Anode –ve Zn Fig 2