3 4 Oxidation
States
Rationalised 2023-24
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The d- and f- Block Elements
The elements which give the greatest number of oxidation states
occur in or near the middle of the series Manganese, for example,
exhibits all the oxidation states from +2 to +7 The lesser number of
oxidation states at the extreme ends stems from either too few electrons
to lose or share (Sc, Ti) or too many d electrons (hence fewer orbitals
available in which to share electrons with others) for higher valence
(Cu, Zn)