Hence in an extrinsic
FIGURE 14 7 (a) Pentavalent donor atom (As, Sb,
P, etc ) doped for tetravalent Si or Ge giving n-
type semiconductor, and (b) Commonly used
schematic representation of n-type material
which shows only the fixed cores of the
substituent donors with one additional effective
positive charge and its associated extra electron Rationalised 2023-24
331
Semiconductor Electronics:
Materials, Devices and
Simple Circuits
semiconductor doped with pentavalent impurity, electrons
become the majority carriers and holes the minority carriers