Both aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by ozonolysis of alkenes Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions onto the carbonyl
group with a number of nucleophiles such as, HCN, NaHSO3, alcohols (or diols),
2 Ring substitution
Aromatic carboxylic acids undergo electrophilic substitution reactions
in which the carboxyl group acts as a deactivating and meta-directing
group They however, do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction
(because the carboxyl group is deactivating and the catalyst
aluminium chloride (Lewis acid) gets bonded to the carboxyl group)