Thus,
F12 =
41
0
1
2
12
2
12
πε
rq q
ˆr
FIGURE 1 5 A system of
(a) three charges
(b) multiple charges Rationalised 2023-24
12
Physics
 EXAMPLE 1 5
In the same way, the force on q1 due to q3, denoted by F13, is given by
F
r
13
0
1
3
13
2
13
=41
πε
rq q
ˆ
which again is the Coulomb force on q1 due to q3, even though other
charge q2 is present