p is the dipole moment vector of
magnitude p = q × 2a  and
directed from –q to q Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
25
 EXAMPLE 1 9
 Notice the important point that the dipole field at large distances
falls off not as 1/r 2 but as1/r 3 Further,  the magnitude and the direction
of the dipole field depends not only on the distance r but also on the
angle between the position vector r and the dipole moment p