(i) r < R : The electric flux f enclosed by the spherical surface is
    f  =  E (r) × 4 p r 2
*
Compare this with a uniform mass shell discussed in Section 7 5 of Class XI
Textbook of Physics Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
37
 EXAMPLE 1 12
where E (r)  is the magnitude of the electric field at r