5  Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
Let ar  be a given vector and λ a scalar Then the product of the vector ar  by the scalar
λ, denoted as λ ar , is called the multiplication of vector ar  by the scalar λ Note that,
λ ar  is also a vector, collinear to the vector ar The vector λ ar  has the direction same
(or opposite) to that of vector ar  according as the value of λ is positive (or negative)