Dry hydrogen chloride
protonates the oxygen of
the carbonyl compounds
and therefore, increases
the electrophilicity of the
carbonyl carbon facilitating
Rationalised 2023-24
238
Chemistry
the nucleophilic attack of ethylene glycol Acetals and ketals
are hydrolysed with aqueous mineral acids to yield
corresponding aldehydes and ketones respectively (e) Addition of ammonia and its derivatives:  Nucleophiles, such
as ammonia and its derivatives H2N-Z add to the carbonyl
group of aldehydes and ketones The reaction is reversible
and catalysed by acid