At the other end,
the only oxidation state of zinc is +2 (no d electrons are involved) The
maximum oxidation states of reasonable stability correspond in value
to the sum of the s and d electrons upto manganese (Ti
IVO2, V
VO2
+,
Cr
V1O4
2–, Mn
VIIO4
–) followed by a rather abrupt decrease in stability of
higher oxidation states, so that the typical species to follow are Fe
II,III,
Co
II,III, Ni
II, Cu
I,II, Zn
II The variability of oxidation states, a characteristic of transition
elements, arises out of incomplete filling of d orbitals in such a way
that their oxidation states differ from each other by unity, e g