The vector λ ar  has the direction same
(or opposite) to that of vector ar  according as the value of λ is positive (or negative) Also, the magnitude of vector λ ar  is |λ| times the magnitude of the vector ar , i e ,
|
a|
λr  = |
||
a|
λ
r
A geometric visualisation of multiplication of a vector by a scalar is given
in Fig 10