The electric field outside the shell is as though the total charge is
concentrated at the centre The same result is true for a solid sphere
of uniform volume charge density The field is zero at all points inside
the shell Physical quantity
Symbol
Dimensions
Unit
Remarks
Vector area element
D S
[L2]
m2
DS = DS ˆn
Electric field
E
[MLT–3A–1]
V m–1
Electric flux
f
[ML3 T–3A–1]
V m
Df  =  E