99053 u Thus, we find that the mass of the 16
8 O  nucleus is less than the total
mass of its constituents by 0 13691u The difference in mass of a nucleus
and its constituents, DM, is called the mass defect, and is given by
[
(
)
]
p
n
M
Zm
A
Z m
M
∆
=
+
−
−
(13