Campaigners from action group Plane Stupid staged the demonstration on Monday in opposition to the airport's expansion plans.
The men and women have been charged with aggravated trespass and entering a security restricted area of an aerodrome, police said.
They will appear in court on 19 August.
The protest took place on the northern runway at 03:30 BST on Monday.
The Metropolitan Police said security at the airport would be reviewed.
Thirteen people have been charged after climate change protesters stormed onto the runway at Heathrow Airport and chained themselves together.