Luke Berry came closest to opening the scoring in the first half but saw his effort from Piero Mingoia's low cross deflected narrowly off target.
Berry powered another attempt just wide of Chris Day's near post on the stroke of half-time.
The match was a stop-start affair, with Tom Pett going off injured in the first half for the visitors, who then saw Fraser Franks and Connor Ogilvie both require treatment after a nasty clash of heads early in the second period.
George Maris screwed a shot wide when well placed from a Barry Corr knock-down, before Stevenage wasted their big chance 18 minutes from time when Leon Legge gave the ball away in a dangerous position to top scorer Matt Godden, who fired just off target with Will Norris beaten.
Michael Tonge saw a free-kick saved by Norris, while Berry headed wide at the other end as Stevenage lost ground on Portsmouth in the race for automatic promotion.
Match support supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Cambridge United 0, Stevenage 0.
Second Half ends, Cambridge United 0, Stevenage 0.
Luke Berry (Cambridge United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Michael Tonge (Stevenage).
Attempt missed. Adam McGurk (Cambridge United) left footed shot from the left side of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Brad Halliday (Cambridge United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Charlie Lee (Stevenage).
Attempt blocked. Jack King (Stevenage) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Foul by Brad Halliday (Cambridge United).
Matt Godden (Stevenage) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Adam McGurk (Cambridge United).
Michael Tonge (Stevenage) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Corner,  Cambridge United. Conceded by Fraser Franks.
Attempt saved. Matt Godden (Stevenage) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Attempt missed. Luke Berry (Cambridge United) header from the centre of the box is just a bit too high.
Foul by Barry Corr (Cambridge United).
Luke Wilkinson (Stevenage) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt saved. Michael Tonge (Stevenage) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top right corner.
Foul by Luke Berry (Cambridge United).
Steven Schumacher (Stevenage) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Greg Taylor (Cambridge United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Steven Schumacher (Stevenage).
Corner,  Stevenage. Conceded by Leon Legge.
Attempt missed. Matt Godden (Stevenage) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Attempt missed. Steven Schumacher (Stevenage) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Substitution, Stevenage. Ben Kennedy replaces Josh McQuoid.
Substitution, Cambridge United. Harrison Dunk replaces Piero Mingoia.
Attempt missed. George Maris (Cambridge United) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Steven Schumacher (Stevenage) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Piero Mingoia (Cambridge United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Steven Schumacher (Stevenage).
Kaylen Hinds (Stevenage) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Brad Halliday (Cambridge United).
Attempt missed. Barry Corr (Cambridge United) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Barry Corr (Cambridge United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Charlie Lee (Stevenage).
Foul by Barry Corr (Cambridge United).
Jack King (Stevenage) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Substitution, Cambridge United. Barry Corr replaces Ben Williamson.
Substitution, Cambridge United. Adam McGurk replaces Paul Lewis.
Promotion-chasing Stevenage were held to a by Cambridge in League Two.