The 28-year-old former Bournemouth, Portsmouth and Leeds United centre-back has signed a three-year contract with the Addicks.
Pearce made 33 appearances last season as the Latics won the League One title and becomes Charlton's seventh signing of the summer transfer window.
"He's an absolute warrior," boss Russell Slade told the club website.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.
League One club Charlton Athletic have signed defender Jason Pearce from Wigan for an undisclosed fee.