The Olympic bronze medallist split the strong Chinese pair of Aisen Chen, who took gold, and Qiu Bo to improve on his bronze-winning performance in Windsor, Canada a week ago.
"There are still things I have to improve, but I'm very happy with the silver medal," said 21-year-old Daley.
"It was fun to battle against Chinese divers to see who can come out on top."
He added on fina.org: "This is the last chance to compete against them before Rio. That's exciting and nice to know that going into Olympic Games I can be very close to the Chinese."
Attention now switches to the European Aquatics Championships in London next month, a key part of Daley's preparations for Rio.
"It will be a very special competition," said Daley. "I live in London, train in London. But it's going to be tough."
Great Britain's Tom Daley claimed silver in the men's 10m platform at the Diving World Series in Kazan, Russia.