   {
     case Mode::SETTING_TIME:
     {
+      static bool changedUIString = false;            //*** because changedUIString is static, its state will always persist
+      if(!changedUIString)
+      {
+        lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
+        lcd.print(F("Set time: <"));
+        changedUIString = true;                       //*** this block becomes unreachable after this, because this true value is remembered; therefore only done once when case first entered
+      }
+
       setDuration = map(analogRead(POT_PIN), 0, 1024, 0, 901);
 
-      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
-      lcd.print(F("Set time: <"));
+      lcd.setCursor(11, 1);
       lcdPrintFormattedSecs(setDuration);
       lcd.print(F(">   "));
 


    case Mode::SPINNING:
    {
      static bool changedUIString = false;    //*** because changedUIString is static, its state will always persist
      if(!changedUIString)
      {
        analogWrite(MOTOR_PIN, motorSpeed);   // set motorSpeed once and you're done--the voltage stays there!

        lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd.print(F("Finished in: "));
        changedUIString = true;               //*** this block becomes unreachable after this, because this true value is remembered
      }

      unsigned long secondsLeft = (setDuration - (millis() - spinningStartTime))/1000;  //*** save RAM AND flash memory by only doing this calculation once per case in loop()

                                                      //    their values persist even after function ends, as long as the program is still running
                                                      //*** also, static local variables still only have local scope
                                                      //*** perform operations with data of the same type, so as to boost performance by not needing to typecast
  static unsigned long setDuration;                   // the duration that the centrifuge should run
  static unsigned long spinningStartTime;             // point on the timeline where the countdown starts, i.e. when wpb is pressed the second time
  static uint8_t motorSpeed;

