anchor.diff:  phaeoleuca Kuehner,Leiospora,Inequilaterally | Amygdaliform,Obtuse | Subconical,[8-11],[5-6],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[27-33],[9-10],[4-4],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[20-35],[8-16],Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[60-75],[12-25],Yes,[3-5],n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Fusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Pyriform | Metuloid,[40-45],n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Moss | Needles,Mixed,[35-60],[35-60],Submarginate bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,"As far as we know, this is the first report of Inocybe phaeoleuca from North America. It is a species readily recognized by the smooth, brown pileus, and white, entirely pruinose stipe with thick-walled metuloid at th base. The Nova Scotian specimens correspond very well to Kuehner's description (Kuehner, R. 1955. Complements a la Flore Analytique V. Inocybe leispores cystidies. Bull. Soc. Nat. D'Oyonnax, Mem. Hors ser. 1. Imprimerie Berthod, Bourg. 95 p.; 45 p.).","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes I., Mycologia, vol. 60, 1968; p. 421-422",,,,
   "porcorum Vauras & Kokkonen, sp. nov.",Goniospora,Nodulose to angular-nodulose,Subconical | Conical,[9.6-12.1],[6.2-7.9],[1.3-1.7],"With several hemispherical, fairly small nodules",Claviform,[26-41],[9-13],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Lageniform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,[40-78],[15-25],Yes | Sparse | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Lageniform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,[53-96],[11-24],Yes | Sparse | No,[1-2],n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | Sparse | No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,Soil,Pine | Spruce | Birch | Willow,[15-35],[15-35],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Acidulous,"Inocybe porcorum is characterised by fairly large spores and pleurocystidia, which to some extent resemble those of I. decipiens Bres. However, the latter species has larger spores and caulocystidia over half-way down the stipe. I. curvipes P.Karst., a common species in southern Finland, differs, for example, in its silvery greybrown colour at the stipe base and its pleurocystidia with subacute apices. I. proximella, a species with caulocystidioid hairs tapering to their apices, is more greyish and usually paler in colour, not squamulose, has somewhat smaller spores with larger nodules and smaller Q values, and wider and shorter pleurocystidia on average. In our material of sequenced species, I. proximella is the closest to I. porcorum, but showed as many as 35 deviating bases and 12 insertions/deletions.","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 325-326",,,,
   posterula (Britzelm.) Sacc.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Conical | Subconical,[7.5-9.5],[4.5-6],[1.5-1.8],Smooth,Claviform,[23-30],[7-9],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Utriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Utriform | Metuloid,[47-66],[12-21],Yes,[1.5-2.5],n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Utriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Soil,Spruce | Pine | Larch,[25-60],[25-60],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Indistinctly spermatic,"1) Inocybe xanthodisca Kuehner is considered a synonym of I. posterula on account of their more or less identical macroscopical characters. I have been unable, however, to obtain authentic material of I. xanthodisca. According to Huijsman (pers. comm.) who studied material from Bresadola's herbarium at S, I. geophylla var. lutescens is identical with I. posterula. 2) Inocybe posterula often resembles I. geophylla (Fr.: Fr.) Kumm., but can be recognised by the less sericeous-smooth and more yellow pileus, the more robust habit, and the spores with a more conical apex. The latter character, however, is rather diffucult to observe, as the apex of the spore of I. posterula is only slightly conical. Inocybe phaeodisca var. geophylloides Kuehner differs in slender habit, stipe with reddish tinges at apex, and somewhat longer spores. Its ecology is somewhat different too.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 146-147",,,,
  +"praecox Kropp, Matheny et Nanagyulyan, sp. nov.",Leiospora,Amygdaliform | Elliptical in outline,Obtuse | Subobtuse,[7.5-10],[4.5-5.5],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[25-30],[6-10],[4-4],Yes,Clavate | Fusiform-ventricose | Ovate | Metuloid,[32-65],[12-17],Yes,[0.5-2],n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Clavate | Fusiform-ventricose | Metuloid,[44-70],[12-18],Yes,[1-1.5],n/a,Yes,Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Soil during spring,Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir | Red alder | Western hemlock | Arbutus menziesii,[20-60],[20-60],Equal | Marginate bulbous,n/a,n/a,None,"Inocybe praecox is thus far known only from the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It is characterized by its vernal fruiting habit and its relatively light yellow-brown, slightly greasy pileus that lacks a velipellis and by having a basal bulb on the stipe. Specimens of I. praecox fit within I. splendens senso lato but differ from it phylogenetically. It differs from I. alluvionalis primarily by lacking a velipellis and by lacking the umbrinous pileus that develops in I. alluvionalis. Inocybe splendens sensu Heim (1931) has a darkly pigmented pileus, while I. terrifera lacks a basal bulb on its stipe and has a velipellis. A number of North American species also fit within section Spendentes of Inocybe that could be potentially interpreted as I. praecox. Among these I. bakeri is differentiated by its larger spores while I. kauffmanii has a cream-colored pileus and lacks a basal bulb on the stipe. The single specimen in clade 2 from Washington that is identifiable as I. splendens sensu lato is also at first glance strikingly similar to I. praecox. This fungus fruits in spring in the same region and has a stature and coloration similar to I. praecox. Yet it is phylogenetically distinct from I. praecox and, even though more material is required to fully characterize or formally describe this taxon, a closer examination indicates that some morphological differences exist that allows it to be distinguished from I. praecox. The taxon represented by clade 2 has a distinct velipellis and its pileus becomes rimose toward the margin, while I. praecox lacks both characters. This taxon is probably undescribed, however more collections are required before we can fully characterize or formally describe it. It should be pointed out that the name Inocybe abietis Kuehner originally was applied to some of the material we now refer to as I. praecox in Matheny et al. (2002) and Matheny (2005).","Kropp, Bradley R.; Matheny, P. Brandon,; Nanagyulyan, Siranush G. Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Inocybe splendens group and evolution of supersection ""Marginatae"", Mycologia, 102(3), 2010, pp. 560-573 ; p.570-571",,,,
   prominens Kauffman,Goniospora,Quadrangular | Polyhedral,Conical | Subconical,[7-9],[5.5-8],n/a,"8 to 9 low, rounded nodules",Claviform | Inflated apex,[24-28],[8-10],[4-4],Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Metuloid,[45-50],[14-16],No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,[22-23],[6.5-11],Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Metuloid,[46-71],[11-19],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Versiform | Claviform,[45-70],[9-16],No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Grass,Oak,[10-35],[10-35],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive,"This Inocybe was reported from Nova Scotia by Smith and Wehmeyer (Smith, A. H., and Wehmeyer, L. E.. 1936. Contribution to a study of the fungous flora of Nova Scotia. II. Agaricaceae and Boletaceae. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters 21 : 163-197) in 1936, but without description. Our specimens are not prominently umbonate, but there is provision for this in the protolog. Kauffman (Kauffman, C. H. 1924. Inocybe. North Amer. Fl. 10(4) : 227-260) says ""usually prominently umbonate. "" The microscopic features of ACAD 10300 are in such complete agreement with those of the holotype, however, that we have no doubt that our identification is correct.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes VI., Mycologia, vol. 73, 1981; p. 664-665",,,,
   proximella P. Karst.,Goniospora,Strongly nodulose with hemispherical,Subconical | Conical,[7.8-11.2],[6.2-8.7],[1.1-1.6],Medium-sized to rather large nodules,Claviform,[25-41],[9-12],[4-4],Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusoid | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | Sparse | No,[2-3],n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusoid | Metuloid,[50-85],[14-29],Yes | Sparse | No,[1-2.5],n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Cylindrical | Clavate | Flexuous | Septae | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,No,[1-2],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Calcareous soil,Spruce | Mainly in forests,[18-48],[18-48],"Wide, widening slightly downwards",n/a,n/a,Acidulous | Spermatic | Not distinctive,"Inocybe proximella has been known by Finnish mycologists as a spruce forest species, but the limits of its variation have been obscure. I. striata has had much the same status in southern Europe. It appeared conspecific with I. proximella in our examinations, as did I. umbrinodisca. We thus reduce these to synonyms. We have not studied the type of Inocybe striata, but have relied on type descriptions by Bresadola (1927-33) and Bizio and Marchetti (1998), and considered how the Bizio's collections agree with these descriptions. Bizio sent us four recent collections of I. striata that we subjected to ITS analysis. Of these, two Italian and the Croatian specimen agreed in cystidia and reasonably well in spores with the type descriptions of I. striata, as well as with I. proximella. They deviated from the type of I. proximella in their ITS sequences by one or two bases and a gap of three bases (GenBank JN580841, JN580842, JN580843). However, the Croatian and an Italian sequence were identical with some other Finnish sequences of I. proximella. Compared with the type, all the other I. proximella sequences had the same gap of three bases including a collection of Karsten from 1895 (from that collection only the ITS1 succeeded - JN580844). The fourth analysed specimen sent by Bizio from Italy had shorter fusiform cystidia and spores with smaller, irregular nodules, and it diverged greatly in the ITS from the I. proximella type, representing an unknown species. In further support, Bizio and Marchetti (1998) mentioned that the stipe bases of the type fungi of I. striata were ochraceous. This fits our observations of I. proximella. According to Stangl (1976), both Inocybe striata and I. striatorimosa P.D.Orton possibly belong to the I. acuta complex. We have studied a part of the holotype of I. striatorimosa (K). This belongs to the I. soluta Velen. complex, differing from all the species we describe here. The ITS2 sequence of I. umbrinodisca failed, but the ITS1 was identical with most Finnish sequences of I. proximella. Microscopic and macroscopic features and habitat information agreed, except that the odour of I. umbrinodisca was mentioned as fruity acidulous or at times subpelargonious (Kuehner 1988). Kuehner collected I. umbrinodisca under Picea. In conclusion, Inocybe proximella is a rather variable species with a wide distribution. It has typically a rather robust appearance, a weakly fibrillose and rather pale, grey brown cap, often a yellow to ochre tinge at the stipe base, and fairly large spores with rather large nodules. It is likely that it is the most common of all species treated in this paper. However, it is not a common species in Finland. It can be confused with I. silvae-herbaceae, for example. See our comments about I. silvae-herbaceae for comparison. The ITS sequences of the examined one Swedish and 20 Finnish collections of I. proximella, excluding the type, were identical (JV26381 in the phylogram - GenBank JN580845), except for one base difference in collection JV15349 (JN580846), and an insertion/deletion of one base in two specimens (JV21832 - JN580847, KK223/08 - JN580850). An Estonian (JN580848) and a Norwegian (JN580849) specimen both differed by one (different) base from most Finnish specimens. I. proximella is rather closely related to I. giacomi: the ITS sequences of I. giacomi deviated by 22-23 bases and 5 insertions/deletions from the sequence of I. proximella type.","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 318-321",,,,
   pruinosa R. Heim,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform | Irregular | Indistinct suprahilar depression,Subconical,[11-17],[5-6.5],[1.9-2.8],Smooth,Claviform,[28-37],[9-13],[4-4],Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Subutriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Pyriform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Subutriform | Metuloid,[45-77],[13-30],Yes,[3-5],n/a,Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Subutriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Sandy places,Pine | Spruce | Oak,[18-32],[18-32],Equal | Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive,"1) Inocybe halophila has been an enigmatic species that has been variously interpreted. I. concur with Romagnesi (pers. comm.) who asserted that I. halophila is only a variant of I. pruinosa with somewhat less prominent velipellis. I. studied several collections in his herbarium (e.g. Romagnesi 73.33 & 74.147) which corresponded in all respects to Heim's protologue of I. halophila. 2) Inocybe pruinosa differs from the North American I. bulbosa Peck (in Bull. Torrey bot. Club. 36: 333. 1909) in having somewhat smaller cystidia, larger spores and an (almost) equal stipe. Inocybe longispora M. Lange (in Medd. Groenland 148: 13. 1957) shows some superficial resemblance to I. pruinosa but differs in narrower spores (4.5-5.5 microns broad), less thick-walled pleurocystidia and a stipe that is pruinose over only 1/10th of its length.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 169-171",,,,
  
positive.code: auricoma (Batsch) Sacc.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Subconical,[8-9.5],[4.5-5.5],[1.5-2],Smooth,Claviform,[23-33],[7-10],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Subutriform | Claviform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Spheropedunculate | Pyriform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Subutriform | Claviform | Metuloid,[40-63],[12-22],Yes,[2.5-4],n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Subutriform | Claviform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Moist soil,Oak | Alder | Spruce,[10-24],[10-24],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,"1) Judging from the description and a study of the isotype (United States, New Jersey, Newfield, IX.1888, L.), Inocybe pallidipes Ell. & Ev. (in J. Mycol. 5 : 24 (1889)) comes extremely close to (or may be even identical with) I. auricoma. The main difference between both taxa is the colour of the pileus, being pale brown in I. pallidipes and ochraceous yellow in I. auricoma. Well-annotated collections of I. pallidipes are needed for a more definite conclusion regarding its autonomy. 2) Inocybe auricoma differs from I. posterula (Britz.) Sacc. in small habit, somewhat brighter and smoother pileus and slightly more yellow-coloured pleurocystidia. There is also some resemblance of I. auricoma with yellow-coloured variants of I. flocculosa (Berk.) Sacc., but the latter taxon can be recognised by its lageniform cystidia, more squamulose pileus and somewhat less contrasting white stipe.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 145-146",,,,
  aurora Grund & D.E. Stuntz,Leiospora,Subreniform,Obtuse,[10-12.5],[5.5-6.5],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[30-36],[10-11],[4-4],Yes,Claviform,[45-60],[11-20],No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Vesiform,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Spruce | Hemlock,[25-45],[25-45],Bulbous,n/a,n/a,Green-corn,"The specific epithet, aurora = dawn, refers to the pallid pinkish cast of the pileus. We know of no other Inocybe with just the combination of features (pink-tinged pileus and complex aromatic odor) that characterizes I. aurora. There are several white or pallid species in the ""fastigiata complex"", but they differ in color as well as other characteristics. It is possible that our species is related to I. lanatodisca Kauffm., in spite of the striking difference in color of pilei. The odors of the two species are similar, their microscopical features do not differ markedly ; and while the pileus of lanatodisca is normally reddish twany, it is occasionally much paler, in fact, the color is rather close to ""Cinnamon-Buff"". In such instances, white silky patches on the pileal disk should indicate I. lanatodisca rather than I. aurora.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes III., Mycologia, vol. 67, 1975; p. 24-25",,,,
  aurora var. inodorata Grund & D.E. Stuntz,Leiospora,Inequilaterally |Amygdaliform |Subphaseoliform,Obtuse | Conical | Subconical,[10-14.5],[5.5-7],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Versiform | Claviform,[30-57],[8-22],No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Versiform | Claviform,[46-82],[10-20],No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Ground,Conifers | Hardwoods,[10-40],[10-40],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive,"We do not know if the characteristic odor I. aurora var. aurora is a constant feature, so think it best to put these odorless specimens on record as a variety. In outward appearance as well as in microscopical features the two varieties are indistinguishable.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes VII., Mycologia, vol. 75, 1983; p. 257-259",,,,
  bongardii var. bongardii (Weinm.) Quel.,Leiospora,Subphaseoliform,Obtuse,[11-16.7],[6-9],[1.4-2.1],Smooth,Claviform,[39-51],[10-13],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform,[42-69],[10-18],No,[0.5-1.5],n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Calcareous soil,Beech | Oak | Blue-beech |Spruce | Hazel,[11-45],[11-45],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Flowers | Pears | Not distinctive,Odourless variants are at the same time characterised by the (almost) lack of refractive hyphae in the hymenophoral trama and the not or only slightly reddening context.,"Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 40-41",,,,
  bongardii var. pisciodora (Donadini & Riousset) Kuyper,Leiospora,Regular | Subphaseoliform,Obtuse,[12-16.7],[6.5-8.7],[1.7-2.1],Smooth,Claviform,[37-59],[10-14],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Utriform,[33-77],[8-22],No,[0.5-1.5],n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Utriform,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Oak | Spruce | Pine,[15-42],[15-42],Attenuate,n/a,n/a,Pelargonium | Fishy | Not distinctive,"1) Vernal variants from the Mediterranean Region are generally more robust than summer and autumnal variants from West and Central Europe. No taxonomic value can be given to this difference, however. 2) Mr J. C. Donadini affirmed in a letter that I. pisciodora cannot be considered an autonomous species, but is only an infraspecific taxon of I. bongardii. 3) Although nothing is known about the composition of the olfactory substances of var. bongardii and var. pisciodora, I consider it very likely that they are chemically much related. Young specimens of var. pisciodora often possess a mixture of a Pelargonium-smell and a smell of overripe pears. Both smells can also be observed in I. calamistrata (Fr. : Fr.) Gillet.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 41-42",,,,
  borealis M. Lange,Goniospora,Weakly to moderately nodulose or angular,Subconical | Conical,[7.2-10],[5-6.9],[1.3-1.9],Sometimes with a strongly protruding apical nodule,Claviform,[24-40],[9-13],[2-4],Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusiform | Metuloid,[41-89],[12-26],Yes | No,[2.5-3],n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,[1-2],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Sandy soil,Spruce | Fir | Birch,[13-45],[13-45],Equal | Widening slightly downwards,n/a,n/a,Acidulous | Spermatic | Not distinctive,"Inocybe borealis is a variable species in many aspects. Our identifications of boreal collections, a subarctic collection, and I. heterochrominea are primarily based on ITS and LSU sequences, because the spores diverged so much from the I. borealis type. They were consistently smaller (except in KK141/03), paler, and more strongly nodulose. The Nordic ITS sequences were identical with the type sequence of I. borealis in two specimens (KK190/08 - GenBank JN580813, KK&JV27051F - JN580814), or deviated from the type by one gap (JV9244 - JN580815), by one common base in nine specimens (KK&JV26120F - JN580816), by one other base in JV15250F (JN580817), by one base and a gap of 12 bases (KK141/03 - JN580818), or by two bases (Heinonen 307-95 - JN580819). The I. heterochrominea type deviated from the I. borealis type by one base and a gap of one base, when 42 bases were lacking in the middle of the I. heterochrominea sequence and three loci with ambiguous bases were ignored. The LSU sequences of the type of I. borealis and a collection with one different base in ITS (KK&JV26120F - JN580889) diverged by one base as well. An arctic collection from Svalbard (Online Resource Fig. S3) resembled the Greenland type in its spores, the presence of velipellis (absent in the other collections), and identical ITS (in the phylogram, JN580820). These specimens thus seem to form their own group. They both also have dark brown pilei seemingly unlike most boreal collections (the colours may have changed in exsiccata). Still, the two boreal collections with the type ITS also have dark brown pilei (Online Resource Fig. S2), but in spores they resemble other boreal specimens rather than the type; thus forming an intermediate group. Overall, the strength of nodularity varies rather much among the boreal specimens, and rarely the spores are elongated (KK141/03) as in the type of Inocybe borealis. We were unable to find more distinct morphological boundaries between the specimens differing in ITS or between arctic and boreal/subarctic collections, and thus we tentatively determine them all to be the same very variable species. The observed morphological differences may have been caused by environment, or may be genetically intraspecific. The amount of velipellis, for example, often varies within species and seems to increase in arctic and alpine environments. The microscopic and macroscopic features of Inocybe heterochrominea agreed with our Nordic collections of I. borealis. Accordingly, we have reduced it to a synonym. The walls of the cystidia of the I. heterochrominea holotype (a piece of a pileus) seemed thinner than in the drawings of Grund and Stuntz (1983), and the spores did not seem quite as strongly nodulose. I. heterochrominea was described from mixed and conifer forests of Michigan, Nova Scotia, and Washington. In Finland, I. borealis grows in various habitats, and we assume Betula to be one host. Lange (1957) did not mention any plant species from the type site, but he described the vegetation and fungi of the northern slopes, for example, stating that Betula nana was the dominant shrub and Salix glauca was scattered. Inocybe acutoides is a closely related sibling species associated with Salix. See our comments regarding I. acutoides, and the diagnostic key.","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 309-312",,,,
  
negative.code: minima Peck,Leiospora,Inequilaterally | Amygdaliform,Conical | Papilla,[7-10],[4.5-6],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[16-30],[6.5-13],[4-4],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[44-70],[18-26],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Sphaeropedunculate,[38-40],[11-24],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[44-72],[9-24],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Ovoid | Metuloid,[33-55],[11-18],No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Ground | Moss,Maple | Spruce,[6-14],[6-14],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,"Inocybe minima belongs to series Lacerae (Fr.) Sacc. [Type species, I. lacera (Fr.) Kummer] and to the stirps Minima. The members of this stirps are small fungi with uniformly brown pilei, solid, pallid stipes, and thick-walled pleurocystidia. Other Inocybes with slender stems and brown pilei do not have all the above characters. Inocybe microspora J. Lange is the only other species that shares with I. minima the dark red-brown, gray-brown, or umber pileal coloration along with the dingy pallid stipe. Inocybe microspora has definitely smaller spores (6.5-7 micron long), shorter pleurocystidia (rarely exceeding 60 micron), and a longer stipe (usually 30-40 mm long) that becomes flushed with brown in age. Inocybe infelix Pk. (probably in the I. lacera Fr. complex) resembles I. minima, but has quite different spores and cystidia. Inocybe minima is unique because of its small size. This Inocybe has been reported twice from Canada by Smith and Wehmeyer (Stunyz, D. E. 1954. Studies of the genus Inocybe II. New and noteworthy species from Michigan. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 39 : 53-84), by Wehmeyer (9) and by Bisby et al. (Bisby, G. R., et al. 1938. The fungi of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Nat. Res. Council, Ottawa, Canada. 185 p., 8 pls). All three reports were unaccompanied by any descriptive data.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes VIII., Mycologia, vol. 76(4), 1984; p. 733-735",,,,
  mixtilis (Britzelm.) Sacc.,Goniospora,Subpolygonales,Conical | Subconical,[8-10],[5.5-7],n/a,9 to 10 rather prominent nodules,Claviform,[22-25],[7-12],[4-4],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[38-50],[21-27],Yes | No,[2.5-3],n/a,Yes,Claviform,[16.5-23],[8-9],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[40-55],[15-24],Yes,[5.5-8],n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Claviform | Metuloid,[35-66],[16-29],Yes,[2.5-3],n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Claviform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,[2.5-3],n/a,n/a,n/a,Ground,Hemlock | Hardwoods,[15-35],[15-35],Marginate bulbous,n/a,cookei,Spermatic,"This Inocybe, one of the commonest species on the Pacific coast of North America, was reported in 1947 from Washington (Stuntz, D. E. 1947. Studies in the Genus Inocybe. I. New and noteworthy species from Washington. Mycologia 39 : 21-55; p. 48) as I. trechispora (Berk.) Karst., following the concept of that species by C. H. Kauffman. The salient features of the species are the silky-lubricous pileus in various combinations of fulvous and brassy yellow, the medium-sized, prominently nodulose spores, the ventricose pleurocystidia with thick walls, and, above all, the pale yellow, conspicuously flat-marginate bulb of the stipe. By these criteria, there is no doubt that our specimens represent I. trechispora sensu Kauffman, and I. mixtilis sensu Kuehner, and that those two concepts apply to one and the same taxon. Kuehner, while admitting the identity of his fungus with I. trechispora sensu Kauffman and Bresadola, chose, because of differing ""interpretations"" of Berkeley's species, to abandon that specific epithet, and use instead Britzlmayr's name. The matter could have been settled by examining Berkeley's type, but that was not done until relatively recently. Pegler and Young (Pegler, D. N., and Young, T. W. K. 1972. Basidiospore form in the British species of Inocybe. Kew Bull. 26 : 499-538) in studying spores of British Inocybes, examined the long-neglected types of several species, including Agaricus (Inocybe) trechisporous Berk. Their results make it clear that I. trechispora and I. mixtilis sensu Kuehner (possibly no one ever will know what I. mixtilis sensu Britzlmayr really is) are not identical. Inocybe trechispora does not have a marginate bulb and is excluded from the section Martinatae which includes I. mixtilis. There are other less important differences such as slight differences in the spores and paler color of I. trechispora, but the question of the relation of these two taxa now can be considered settled.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes V., Mycologia, vol. 72, 1980; p. 679-680",,,,
  monochroa J. Favre,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Conical,[9.5-11],[5.5-6.5],[1.7-1.9],Smooth,Claviform,[33-41],[9-12],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,[61-94],[11-17],Yes,[1.5-2],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Calcareous soil,Dryas octopetala | Willow | Pine,[10-24],[10-24],Subequal,n/a,n/a,Acidulous | Spermatic,Inocybe monochroa comes very close to I. albovelutipes Stangl but differs in having larger spores and more slender cystidia with a thicker wall. More material is needed for a better evaluation of the relationships between both species.,"Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 119-120",,,,
  "monticola Kropp, Matheny et Nanagyulyan sp. nov.",Leiospora,Amygdaliform,Subconical,[8-10.5],[5-6.5],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[25-34],[8-11],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Ventricose | Metuloid,[48-70],[13-18],Yes,[1-2.5],n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Ventricose | Metuloid,[53-75],[13-20],Yes,[1-2.5],n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Irregular,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil in montane environments,Trembling aspen,[13-60],[13-60],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic | Raphanoid,"Even though the collections of Inocybe monticola were made in late May or June at the relatively high elevations represented, this is early in the growing season and can be considered vernal. Inocybe monticola thus far has been found only in montane habitats at intermediate elevations in the western United States. How common or widespread this taxon is remains unknown. It has not been seen fruiting again at the type locale in the 10 y since it was first collected there. For the time being we can say only that it occurs in Oregon and Utah and that it does not appear to be part of the mycoflora that is seen annually. I. monticola material originally was identified as I. splendens var splendens sensu Kuyper (1986) who synonymized I. splendens Heim, I. alluvionis Stangl & Veselsky, and I. terrifera Kuehner. Inocybe monticola fits the concept for I. splendens sensu lato reasonably well, but based on our sequence data it differs phylogenetically from European material representing the species. The European material that we used in our phylogenetic work best fits I. splendens sensu Heim (1931) that is characterized by dark pileus colors and a distinct basal bulb on the stipe. Inocybe monticola differs from Heim's concept of I. splendens by lacking a distinct basal bulb on the stipe. Inocybe alluvionis is characterized by a lighter pileus color than I. monticola and by having a submarginate basal bulb on the stipe that is not present on I. monticola. Inocybe terrifera lacks a basal bulb but can be separated from I. monticola by its lighter pileus colors. Inocybe monticola comes closest to I. phaeoleuca Kuehner in having dark pileus colors and lacking a basal bulb. However its DNA sequences differ sharply from that of the European exemplar of I. phaeoleuca Kuehner and its stature is considerably more robust than that of I. phaeoleuca. In addition a velipellis is present on most of the material of I. monticola and this is usually absent from I. phaeoleuca. One rare European species, I. glabrescens Velen, also has some similarity to I. monticola but differs by having a rimose pileus margin and a more slender stipe that discolors yellowish in age. The material on which I. monticola is based does not belong to either I. splendens sensu Heim or I. phaeoleuca sensu Kuehner, and as mentioned above there are morphological reasons to exclude it from both I. alluvionis and I. terrifera.","Kropp, Bradley R.; Matheny, P. Brandon,; Nanagyulyan, Siranush G. Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Inocybe splendens group and evolution of supersection ""Marginatae"", Mycologia, 102(3), 2010, pp. 560-573 ; p.569-570",,,,
  mucidiolens (Grund & D.E. Stuntz) Matheny,Leiospora,Elongate | Subreniform,Obtuse,[10-12],[5-6],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[33-42],[8-10],[4-4],Yes,Claviform | Subcylindric,[33-55],[10-22],No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,[27-50],[10-22],No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Moss | Needle,Conifers,[10-40],[10-40],Somewhat bulbous,n/a,n/a,Green-corn,"In its strong green-corn odor var. mucidiolens differs markedly from I. calamistrata var. calamistrata, which always smells like a mixture of fresh raw fish and pine resin. The two taxa are similar in other respects, both showing a certain amount of variability in such features as size, amount of green color in the stipe, and reddening of exposed context.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes II., Mycologia, vol. 62, 1970; p. 929-931","A comparison between the protologues of Agarigus calamistratus Fr.: Fr. and A. hirsutus Lasch: Fr. suggests that both names refer to the same taxon; representative material from various parts of Europe did not give any reason to assume the existence of two different species or infraspecific taxa. Considering the variability in the smell of various collections of I. calamistrata, it seems likely that var. mucidiolens Grund & Stuntz in Mycologia 62 : 929 (1970) is only a minor variant without autonomous status. I did not study the type, however.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.",,Brandon Matheny
  multicoronata A.H. Sm.,Goniospora,Globose | Ellipsoidal,Conical,[12-14.5],[10-12],n/a,"3 to 6 prominent nodules, blunt or truncate warts",Claviform,[38-44],[13-17],[4-4],Yes,Subventricose | Ventricose | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Subventricose | Ventricose | Metuloid,[55-100],[13-24],Yes | Sparse | No,[3-4.5],n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes | Sparse | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform,n/a,n/a,Yes | Sparse | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Moss | Needles,Spruce,[5-20],[5-20],Equal,n/a,n/a,n/a,"This Inocybe apparently has not been found outside of Nova Scotia, and has not been reported since it was described in 1939. Its conical scaly pileus, slender, entirely fibrillo-pruinose stipe, and especially the spores with multicoronate warts, make it a very distinctive species. Only two other Inocybes with similar spores have been described, I. lasseri Dennis from Venezuela, and I. petchii Boedijn from Ceylon and Java. These have some features other than the spores in common with I. multicoronata, which thus is the boreal representative of a stirps with world-wide distribution.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes I., Mycologia, vol. 60, 1968; p. 418-420",,,,
  muricellata Bres.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Conical,[8-13],[5-7],[1.5-2.1],Smooth,Claviform,[24-32],[8-11],[2-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Sublageniform | Lageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Pyriform | Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Sublageniform | Lageniform | Metuloid,[54-95],[10-22],Yes,[2-3],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Sublageniform | Lageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Calcareous soil,Spruce | Pine | Cedar | Beech | Oak | Hazel | Blue-beech | Birch | Alder,[7-38],[7-38],Equal | Claviform | Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Nihil | Bitter almonds | Subspermatic,"1) Inocybe muricellata is a rather variable species both in macroscopical and microscopical respects, and it has seemed possible to subdivide this material into two taxa maintly differing in colour of stipe correlated with some microscopical characters. Collections which show a distinctly purplish red or lilac red apex of stipe generally possess smaller spores and cystidia. However, when more material was studied these microscopical characters were found to show too much overlap to be reliable for a formal subdivision. Specimens with only a faint pinkish or orange tinge at the stipe apex were also encountered, indicating that this character is more gradual too. Both variants do not seem to differ significantly in their ecology, although the variant with the reddish stipe seems to prefer somewhat more natural vegetation, but this character also proved insufficient for a formal subdivision. The macroscopical structure of the pileipellis is dependent on the age of the specimens and the development of the velipellis. These phenotypical differences between strongly squarrose specimens and tomentose specimens are devoid of taxonomical importance. 2) In the collection that I made myself I never noted a smell of bitter almonds. It might therefore be possible that the mention of this smell in several collections is based on biased observations. This might be true for instance in the description by J. Lange (Fl. agar. dan. 3: 78. 1938) where a faint smell of bitter almonds is noted, although the description definitely refers to I. muricellata. 3) Inocybe hirtella Bres. differs in having a conspicuous smell of bitter almonds, being somewhat brighter yellow, and possessing smaller, slenderly clavate cystidia with less bright yellow walls. It never shows such conspicuous reddish tinges at the stipe apex.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 199-201",,,,
  