anchor.diff:  arenicola var. arenicola (R. Heim) Bon,Leiospora,Regular | Subphaseoliform,Obtuse | Subconical,[11.5-18],[6-9],[1.6-2.5],Smooth,Claviform,[33-50],[11-15],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Subutriform | Flexuose,[42-105],[9-20],No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Subutriform | Flexuose,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Dune-sand,Willow | Poplar | Pine,[24-68],[24-68],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive,Inosperma,Rimosae,,"1) The behaviour of the velipellis with age shows some variation. In some specimens it persists and consequently the pileus remains pure white ; in other specimens it is somewhat thinner and soon disappears from the outer half, and the pileus becomes pchraceous yellow with age. However, both variants occur together and probably represent only a phenotypical modification. 2) On rather moist places in the dunes, associated with Salix repens, occurs a variant of I. rimosa (Bull. : Fr.) Kumm. which differs from I. arenicola in being less robust, having a fulvous brown pileus under the velipellis, a more  distinctly flocculose stipe apex, and a rather strong smell. So far intermediates have not been found.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 56-57",,,,
   arenicola var. mediterranea Kuyper,Leiospora,Regular,Obtuse | Subconical,[12-16],[6-7],[1.8-2.2],Smooth,Claviform,[36-44],[11-14],[4-4],Yes,Claviform,[36-57],[13-26],No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Dune-sand,Pine,[24-68],[24-68],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive,Inosperma,Rimosae,,"Besides by the clavate cheiloystidia Inocybe arenicola var. mediterranea differs from var. arenicola in having a somewhat darker, more brownish-coloured pileus. More information on the distribution of both varieties is needed to ascertain whether both taxa are geographically isolated.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 57-58",,,,
   asterospora Quel.,Goniospora,"Starry, long lumpy protuberances",Conical | Subconical,[9-12.5],[8.5-10],[1.1-1.4],Long bumpy protuberances,Claviform,[28-38],[9-12],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Fusiform | Metuloid,[40-65],[16-22],Yes,[2.5-3],n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Metuloid,[45-75],[14-22],Yes | Sparse,[2.2-2.5],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Pyriform | Metuloid,[40-70],[12-20],Yes | Sparse | No,[1.2-1.5],n/a,n/a,n/a,Calcareous soil,Beech | Oak,[7-25],[7-25],Marginate bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,Clypeus,,,n/a,"Stangl, Johann. Guida alla determinazione dei funghi Vol. 3 ; Inocybe, Saturnia 1991, 437 p.; p. 242-244",,,,
  -auricoma (Batsch) Sacc.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Subconical,[8-9.5],[4.5-5.5],[1.5-2],Smooth,Claviform,[23-33],[7-10],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Subutriform | Claviform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Spheropedunculate | Pyriform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Subutriform | Claviform | Metuloid,[40-63],[12-22],Yes,[2.5-4],n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Subutriform | Claviform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Moist soil,Oak | Alder | Spruce,[10-24],[10-24],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,,,,"1) Judging from the description and a study of the isotype (United States, New Jersey, Newfield, IX.1888, L.), Inocybe pallidipes Ell. & Ev. (in J. Mycol. 5 : 24 (1889)) comes extremely close to (or may be even identical with) I. auricoma. The main difference between both taxa is the colour of the pileus, being pale brown in I. pallidipes and ochraceous yellow in I. auricoma. Well-annotated collections of I. pallidipes are needed for a more definite conclusion regarding its autonomy. 2) Inocybe auricoma differs from I. posterula (Britz.) Sacc. in small habit, somewhat brighter and smoother pileus and slightly more yellow-coloured pleurocystidia. There is also some resemblance of I. auricoma with yellow-coloured variants of I. flocculosa (Berk.) Sacc., but the latter taxon can be recognised by its lageniform cystidia, more squamulose pileus and somewhat less contrasting white stipe.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 145-146",,,,
  +auricoma (Batsch) Sacc.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Subconical,[8-9.5],[4.5-5.5],[1.5-2],Smooth,Claviform,[23-33],[7-10],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Subutriform | Claviform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Spheropedunculate | Pyriform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Subutriform | Claviform | Metuloid,[40-63],[12-22],Yes,[2.5-4],n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Subutriform | Claviform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Moist soil,Oak | Alder | Spruce,[10-24],[10-24],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,Inocybe,,,"1) Judging from the description and a study of the isotype (United States, New Jersey, Newfield, IX.1888, L.), Inocybe pallidipes Ell. & Ev. (in J. Mycol. 5 : 24 (1889)) comes extremely close to (or may be even identical with) I. auricoma. The main difference between both taxa is the colour of the pileus, being pale brown in I. pallidipes and ochraceous yellow in I. auricoma. Well-annotated collections of I. pallidipes are needed for a more definite conclusion regarding its autonomy. 2) Inocybe auricoma differs from I. posterula (Britz.) Sacc. in small habit, somewhat brighter and smoother pileus and slightly more yellow-coloured pleurocystidia. There is also some resemblance of I. auricoma with yellow-coloured variants of I. flocculosa (Berk.) Sacc., but the latter taxon can be recognised by its lageniform cystidia, more squamulose pileus and somewhat less contrasting white stipe.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 145-146",,,,
   aurora Grund & D.E. Stuntz,Leiospora,Subreniform,Obtuse,[10-12.5],[5.5-6.5],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[30-36],[10-11],[4-4],Yes,Claviform,[45-60],[11-20],No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Vesiform,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Spruce | Hemlock,[25-45],[25-45],Bulbous,n/a,n/a,Green-corn,,,,"The specific epithet, aurora = dawn, refers to the pallid pinkish cast of the pileus. We know of no other Inocybe with just the combination of features (pink-tinged pileus and complex aromatic odor) that characterizes I. aurora. There are several white or pallid species in the ""fastigiata complex"", but they differ in color as well as other characteristics. It is possible that our species is related to I. lanatodisca Kauffm., in spite of the striking difference in color of pilei. The odors of the two species are similar, their microscopical features do not differ markedly ; and while the pileus of lanatodisca is normally reddish twany, it is occasionally much paler, in fact, the color is rather close to ""Cinnamon-Buff"". In such instances, white silky patches on the pileal disk should indicate I. lanatodisca rather than I. aurora.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes III., Mycologia, vol. 67, 1975; p. 24-25",,,,
   aurora var. inodorata Grund & D.E. Stuntz,Leiospora,Inequilaterally | Amygdaliform | Subphaseoliform,Obtuse | Conical | Subconical,[10-14.5],[5.5-7],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Versiform | Claviform,[30-57],[8-22],No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Versiform | Claviform,[46-82],[10-20],No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Ground,Conifers | Hardwoods,[10-40],[10-40],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive,,,,"We do not know if the characteristic odor I. aurora var. aurora is a constant feature, so think it best to put these odorless specimens on record as a variety. In outward appearance as well as in microscopical features the two varieties are indistinguishable.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes VII., Mycologia, vol. 75, 1983; p. 257-259",,,,
   bakeri Peck,Leiospora,Elliptical,Obtuse,[11-15],[5-7],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[31-39],[10-11],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform-ventricose | Metuloid,[52-65],[17-20],Yes | Sparse,[1-1.5],n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform-ventricose | Metuloid,[64-80],[16-23],Yes | Sparse,[1-1.5],n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Known only from California,Oak,[25-55],[25-55],Slightly enlarging towards the base,n/a,n/a,n/a,,,,"This is a poorly known species that we redescribe and illustrate here based on our studies from fresh material and the holotype. This species appears to be relatively rare, and we know of only a
  
positive.code: flocculosa var. ferruginea (Bon) Kuyper,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Subconical,[8-10],[4.5-5.5],[1.7-1.9],Smooth,Claviform,[26-31],[8-10],[4-4],Yes,Sublageniform | Fusiform | Utriform,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Sublageniform | Fusiform | Utriform,[54-78],[14-21],Yes | No,[1-1.5],n/a,Yes,Sublageniform | Fusiform | Utriform,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Oak | Pine,[10-25],[10-25],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,Inocybe,,,"The arrow was introduced by Kuyper & Vuure (in Persoonia 12: 448. 1985) in order to bring Art. 72. Note 1 of the I.C.B.N. in concurrence with Art. 46. 2) Although these varieties look strikingly different in their macroscopical characters, they are almost cpmpletely identical under the microscope. As there is only one character difference between these three taxa, they are given here the rank of variety. The holotypus of I. pluteoides Hoehn. (Austria, Niederoesterreich, Wienerwald, Pressbaum, 17.X.1906, FH) represents an albino variant of this species. As explained on p. 9, I do not want to confer taxanomic value upon these albinistic variants. This albino variant has also been found in the Netherlands (Ijsselmeerpolders, Oost-Flevoland, Revebos, 6.X.1981, C. Bas 7800). Both var. flocculosa and var. crocifolia were found at this locality.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 160",n/a,"Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 165",,
  flocculosa var. flocculosa Sacc.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Subconical,[7.5-10.5],[4.5-6],[1.5-2],Smooth,Claviform,[26-34],[8-10],[4-4],Yes,Sublageniform | Lageniform | Subfusiform | Subutriform,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Sublageniform | Lageniform | Subfusiform | Subutriform,[46-87],[12-22],Yes,[3-3.5],n/a,Yes,Sublageniform | Lageniform | Subfusiform | Subutriform,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Calcareous soil,Conifers |Frondose,[7-58],[7-58],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic | Acidulous,Inocybe,,,"The arrow was introduced by Kuyper & Vuure (in Persoonia 12: 448. 1985) in order to bring Art. 72. Note 1 of the I.C.B.N. in concurrence with Art. 46. 2) Although these varieties look strikingly different in their macroscopical characters, they are almost cpmpletely identical under the microscope. As there is only one character difference between these three taxa, they are given here the rank of variety. The holotypus of I. pluteoides Hoehn. (Austria, Niederoesterreich, Wienerwald, Pressbaum, 17.X.1906, FH) represents an albino variant of this species. As explained on p. 9, I do not want to confer taxanomic value upon these albinistic variants. This albino variant has also been found in the Netherlands (Ijsselmeerpolders, Oost-Flevoland, Revebos, 6.X.1981, C. Bas 7800). Both var. flocculosa and var. crocifolia were found at this locality.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 160","1) Inocybe flocculosa is a rather variable species and several mycologists have tried to arrive at a satisfactory taxonomy of this complex. Stangl & Veselsky (in Cerka Mycol. 31 : 15-27, 1977) asserted that 5 different species could be recognised. These species were said to differ in spore-form (length/breadth-ratio) and ecological preference. However, my observation failed to confirm their results as both characters were found to be far more variable and without correlation. For that reason their taxonomy of this complex is not accepted here. In a previous publication (in Persoonia 12 : 385. 1985) I considered I. dentifera to represent an autonomous species. However, after the completion of the manuscript, more material came to my attention, and these additional collections showed that the appendiculate-dentate pileal margin was overrated as a taxonomic criterion. For that reason I now reduce I. dentifera in the synonymy of I. flocculosa. 2) Slender forms with yellowish tinges in the pileus often resemble I. auricoma (Batsch) J. Lange, but can be separated on account of their somewhat larger, distinctly lageniform pleurocystidia. The pileus of I. flocculosa is somewhat more squamulose too. 3) A variant with a well-developed velipellis has been described under the misapplied name I. abjecta (P. Karst.) Sacc., e.g. by Lange (Fl. Agar. Dan. 3 : 73. 1938) and Kuehner (in Bull. Soc. Nat. Oyonnax 9 (Suppl.) : 79. 1955). Such variants also possess somewhat smaller spores and cystidia than typical var. flocculosa. As some overlap in the critical characters can be observed, such variants are not given independent status for the time being. However, more material might indicate that they are better recognised as an autonomous form.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 159-163",,
  fraudans (Britzelm.) Sacc.,Leiospora,Amygdaliform,Papilla,[8-12],[5.5-8],[1.3-1.7],Smooth,Claviform,[28-43],[8-12],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Claviform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Spheropedunculate,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Claviform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,[38-83],[14-26],Yes,[2-3],n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Calcareous soil,Beech | Oak | Spruce | Pine | Linden,[19-86],[19-86],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Peruvian balsam,Inocybe,,,"1) As will be explained on p. 232, I consider the name Inocybe pyriodora (Pers. : Fr.) Kumm. a nomen dubium. For that reason a new name was needed. The oldest available is based on Agaricus fraudans Britz., a name also neotypified by me (see above). 2) Most mycologists have been inclined to recognise two different species based on differences in habit and pileal covering. The same I. pyriodora was used for the smaller taxon with a somewhat appressedly scaly pileus, whereas the name I. incarnata was used for the robust species with a smooth, even somewhat greasy pileus. However, I came to the conclusion that this character difference is at least partly phenotypically determined. Moreover, too many intermediates were encountered (even in collections found at the same locality in different years) to allow for taxonomic separation of these variants. 3)  Variants without or with only a faint smell show less distinct reddening of the contest.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 78-80",,,,
  frigidula J. Favre,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Subconical,[10-12],[6-7],[1.6-1.8],Smooth,Claviform,[25-33],[9-11],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Fusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Fusiform | Metuloid,[42-77],[20-29],Yes,[2-3],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Fusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Soil,Dryas octopetala | Willow | Pine,[8-20],[8-20],Equal | Somewhat broadened at base,n/a,n/a,Faint | Subspermatic,,,,"The macroscopical description is partly based on Favre (l.c.). Easily recognised because of its very broad cystidia resembling those of I. serotina Peck. Alpine variants of I. inodora Velen. (see p. 171), another species with broad cystidia, differ in having a stipe that is pruinose over half-way to pruinose throughout.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 165-166",,,,
  fulvella Bres.,Goniospora,Irregularly polygonal | Subrectangle,Conical,[8-10],[6-7],n/a,"7 to 8 prominent, obtuse nodules",Claviform,[23-33],[8-11],[4-4],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[40-50],[12-18],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Diversiform,[22-40],[9-14],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[48-62],[9-16],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Versiform | Claviform | Cylindrical | Fusiform,[10-110],[5.5-9],No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Ground,Birch | Beech | Maple,[8-10],[8-10],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,Clypeus,,,"There are very few Inocybes with angular-nodulose spores that have purplish or lavender colors. This one is well characterized by its small size and reddish umber, fibrillose pileus. A previous report of it from Washington (Stuntz, D. E. 1947. Studies in the Genus Inocybe. I. New and noteworthy species from Washington. Mycologia 39 : 21-55; p. 32) is incorrect ; the specimens cited have the stipe pruinose in its entire length, and lack lavender colors. There appears to be no other report of I. fulvella from Canada, as far as we can ascertain.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes V., Mycologia, vol. 72, 1980; p. 672-673",,,,
  furfurea var. furfurea Kuehner,Leiospora,Regular | Subamygdaliform,Obtuse | Conical,[7.5-9],[4.5-5],[1.5-1.9],Smooth,Claviform,[26-31],[8-10],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Subpyriform | Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Metuloid,[55-73],[11-19],Yes,[0.5-1],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Calcareous soil,Beech | Oak | Blue-beech | Hazel | Basswood,[9-24],[9-24],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,Inocybe,,,"The structure of the pileipellis of this species, consisting of short and inflated elements, is reminiscent of that of Sect. Petiginosae. Stipe colour would support such a classification.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 184","As no mention is made of a discolouration of the young lamellae in the original description of I. furfurea (Kuehner in Bull. Soc. Nat Oyonnax 9 (Suppl.): 15-17. 1955), it is supposed to be absent. However, this character needs to be assessed from fresh material, and it might well be that further investigations will result in the abandonment of var. rufotacta.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 184-185",,
  furfurea var. rufotacta (Schwoebel & Stangl) Kuyper,Leiospora,Regular | Subamygdaliform,Obtuse | Subconical,[8-9.5],[5-5.5],[1.6-1.7],Smooth,Claviform,[23-30],[8-11],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Pyriform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Metuloid,[50-62],[14-18],Yes,[1-1.5],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Oak | Blue-beech,[6-32],[6-32],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Faint acidulous,Inocybe,,,"The structure of the pileipellis of this species, consisting of short and inflated elements, is reminiscent of that of Sect. Petiginosae. Stipe colour would support such a classification.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 184",The macroscopical description has been copied from Schwoebel & Stangl (l.c.).,"Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 186",,
  fuscicothurnata Grund & D.E. Stuntz,Leiospora,Inequilaterally | Amygdaliform,Obtuse | Subconical,[8-11],[4.5-5.5],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[25-30],[8-9],[4-4],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[20-40],[5-15],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[45-65],[15-22],Yes | No,[0.5-1],n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Claviform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Hemlock,[10-15],[10-15],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,,,,"The distinctives features of this Inocybe are its fuscous pileus, stipe with fuscous sheath and purple-tinged apex, and large, thin-walled cystidia. Its nearest relative in the I. obscura complex is I. cincinnatula Kuehner, which has differently colored pileus and stipe and thick-walled cystidia. Also, in I. fuscicothurnata the stem sheath is continuous in its lower half, whereas in I. cincinnatula the sheath very soon breaks up into brown fibrillose streaks scattered over the lower part of the stipe. Another Inocybe that may be related to I. fuscicothurnata is I. virgata Atk. We have compared our material with a fragment of the type of I. virgata and find no significant difference in spores or cystidia. Since both species have the pileus and stipe fuscous, the principal distinction between them would seem to be the purplish apex of the stipe in I. fuscicothurnata.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes III., Mycologia, vol. 67, 1975; p. 27-28",,,,
  fuscidula var. bisporigera Kuyper,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Conical,[10-14.5],[5.5-7],[1.7-2],Smooth,Claviform,[26-35],[7-10],[2-2],Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Sublageniform,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Sublageniform,[54-70],[11-18],Yes,[1.5-2],n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Spruce,[20-25],[20-25],Equal,n/a,abjecta,Not distinctive,,,,"The macroscopical description has been copied from Lange (Fl. agar. dan. 5: 101. 1940). The type collection is very scanty, consisting of one small fragment of a lamella only.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 156-157",,,,
  fuscidula var. fuscidula Velen.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Conical | Subconical,[7.5-11],[4.5-6],[1.5-2],Smooth,Claviform,[26-36],[9-12],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Subutriform | Sublageniform,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Pyriform | Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Subutriform | Sublageniform,[41-75],[11-22],Yes,[1.5-2],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Subutriform | Sublageniform,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Calcareous soil,Beech | Oak | Birch | Spruce | Larch,[15-43],[15-43],Subbulbous,n/a,abjecta,Subspermatic,,,,"1) Inocybe fuscidula is very variable in its macroscopical habit. The variant most commonly encountered in western Europe is characterised by a slender habit, dark brown pileus and a relatively long stipe. It often grows under frondose trees on rather damp soil. This variant is well illustrated by Heim and Lange as I. descissa var. brunneoatra. In central Europe a more robust variant is encountered with a stouter habit, a somewhat to distinctly paler pileus (depending on the development of the velipellis) and relatively short and firm stipe. It grows mostly under conifers but can also be encountered under frondose trees. The illustration by Bresadola (sub nom. I. rimosa) is characteristic for this variant. Although the extremes of these variants are macroscopically strikingly different, they hardly differ in microscopical characters. Intermediates between the extremes are repeatedly encountered, and for that reason no formal status has been given to those variants. The conspecificity of I. virgatula and I. hypophaea has also been confirmed by Kuehner (in Bull. Soc. Nat. Oyonnax 9 (Suppl.) : 59-63. 1955) and Furrer-Ziogas (pers. Comm.). The sole difference between both variants is to be found in the development of the velipellis, resulting in either a distinctly umbonate, brown rimulose pileus, or a sordid isabella-brown pileus without umbo. Intermediates are not seldomly encountered, even within a group that seems to originate from one mycelium. 2) Inocybe pseudodestricta is closely related to I. fuscidula, but differs in having a rather shiny, brown pileus often mixed with reddish tinges, yellowish lamellae and a stipe with pinkish tinges. Inocybe nitidiuscula differs in having reddish tinges at the apex of the stipe and somewhat larger spores.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 153-156",,,,
  fuscodisca (Peck) Massee,Leiospora,Inequilaterally | Amygdaliform,Obtuse | Subconical,[8-10],[4.5-5.5],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[21-24],[6.5-8],[2-4],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[18-33],[10-13],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[45-77],[12-30],Yes | Sparse | No,[1-2],n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Claviform | Fusoid | Metuloid,[20-85],[14-20],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Needles,Spruce,[10-30],[10-30],Equal,n/a,geophylla,Spermatic,,,,"In wet weather the surface of the pileus feels lubricous to viscid, but the pileal cuticule definitely is not a gelatinous pellicle. In young carpophores with unexpanded pilei the pileal cuticle is continuous with a similar layer that sheathes the basal portion of the stipe and like the pileal surface is subviscid when wet. When the pileus expands this enveloping layer ruptures at the pileal margin and collapses on the stipe in an annular zone of subviscid streaks or patches. In these particulars as well as in the size and type of spore, and nature of the pleurocystidia, Inocybe fuscodisca resembles I. geophylla (Sow. Ex Fr.) Kummer, and we are inclined to think it is closely related to the latter species. This appears to be the first report of I. fuscodisca from Nova Scotia, but the species is widely distributed in North America, having been found in New York, Tennessee, Michigan, California and Washington.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes II., Mycologia, vol. 62, 1970; p. 931-932",,,,
  gausapata Kuehner,Leiospora,Profile slightly rounded dorsally | Deeply convex ventrally,Conical | Subconical,[6.5-10],[4.5-6.5],n/a,Smooth,Cylindrical | Ventricose | Subclaviform,[22-28],[8-12],[4-4],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[45-60],[13-22],Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,[20-30],[11-15],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[45-58],[12-19],Yes,[3-4],n/a,Yes,Claviform | Metuloid,[27-45],[9-22],Yes | No,[0.5-1.5],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Hemlock,[10-25],[10-25],Not bulbous,n/a,pallidipes,Spermatic,,,,"Inocybe gausapata and I. pallidipes Ellis & Everh. resemble each other macroscopically and cannot be separated on that basis. As we have not seen specimens of I. gausapata, we rely on the microscopical data furnished in the protolog (Ellis, J. B., and Everhart, B. M. 1889. Some new species of hymenomycetous fungi. J. Mycol. 5 : 24-29) making it possible to compare them with the corresponding data available from examination of a syntype of I. pallidipes. The two species can be distinguished by differences in their spores and pleurocystidia. Spores of I. pallidipes are slightly longer and narrower than those of I. gausapata, resulting in a different appearance in lateral outline. Pleurocystidia of I. pallidipes are ventricose without a neck, and have walls considerably thicker (4-7 micron) than those of I. gausapata. It should be noted that the measurements of spores given in the description of I. pallidipes (Ellis, J. B., and Everhart, B. M. 1889. Some new species of hymenomycetous fungi. J. Mycol. 5 : 24-29) are incorrect because they do not match the syntype. As far as we know this is the first report of I. gausapata from North America.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes VI., Mycologia, vol. 73, 1981; p. 656-658",,,,
  geophylla var. geophylla (Bull.) P. Kumm.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Obtuse,[7-10.5],[4.5-6],[1.5-1.9],Smooth,Claviform,[22-33],[7-11],[4-4],Yes,Subfusiform | Subutriform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Pyriform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Subfusiform | Subutriform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,[38-76],[10-25],Yes,[1-2],n/a,Yes,Subfusiform | Subutriform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Calcareous soil,Oak | Beech | Pine | Spruce | Blue-beech | Birch | Basswood | Larch,[9-35],[9-35],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,Inocybe,,,"Nomenclatural note : The extensive synonymy bears witness of the convoluted history of the correct name of this species. First of all it should be noted that the epithets geophilus and geophyllus are not to be considered as orthographic variants as they have a completely different meaning : geophilus meaning earth-loving, geophyllus meaning lamellae being earth-coloured. Bulliard (Herb. France : pl. 522, f. 2. 1791) illustrated the white variety of this species under the name Agaricus geophilus. As only a macroscopical illustration without details aiding identification (Art. 42.2 & 44.2) was provided, this name is invalid. The next author referring to that species was Sowerby (Col. Fig. English Fungi 2 : 4. 1799) who depicted the violaceous variety and provided a formal diagnosis under the name A. geophyllus. As noted above, this epithet is not an orthographic error of Bulliard's name, and Sowerby's species must therefore be typified with the violaceous variety. Persoon (Syn. Meth. Fung. : 340. 1801) referred to Sowerby's violaceous taxon, which he had formerly described as Agaricus affinis, but preferred to use the epithet geophilus. The name Agaricus geophilus Pers. is clearly illegitimate, being a superfluous name change for A. affinis. However, this Persoonian name barred the legitimacy of A. geophilus Bull. in Ventenat (Hist. Champ. : 546. 1812), intented as a validation of A. geophilus Bull. 1791, and typified by the white variety. This Gordian knot was finally cut by Fries (Syst. mycol. 1. 258. 1821 and Elench. Fung. 1 : 33. 1828), who sanctioned the name A. geophyllus, and typified it with the white variety. He make even explicit that his use of the epithet geophyllus for the taxon typified by Bulliard's white variety was not a mistake, but a deliberate choice, as he felt that the epithet should espress the earth-colour of the lamellae. As Fries's name A. geophyllus is sanctioned, the name A. geophyllus Sow. must be rejected as it is a homonym of the Friesian name. Summarizing the above, it can be concluded that Agaricus geophyllus is the correct name, that the epithet must be ascribed to Fries solely, and that the species must be typified by Bulliard's illustration (pl. 522, as A. geophilus).","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 85-86","1) Old specimens sometimes become slightly hygrophanous and then show some striation at the margin of the pileus. No toxonomic value can be given to this character. 2) Young specimens of I. whitei (B. & Br.) Sacc. f. armeniaca (Huijsman) Kuyp. are not always separable from I. geophylla var. geophylla, although a prominent and even subacute papilla is almost always indicative of the former species. 3) Inocybe posterula (Britz.) Sacc. differs from yellowish variants of I. geophylla var. geophylla in being more robust, having spores with a somewhat subconical apex and more thick-walled pleurocystidia. The covering of the stipe is also somewhat different. 4) Inocybe phaeodisca var. geophylloides Kuehner has a somewhat more radially rimose pileus and spores wih a conical apex.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 86-89",,
  
negative.code: bongardii var. pisciodora (Donadini & Riousset) Kuyper,Leiospora,Regular | Subphaseoliform,Obtuse,[12-16.7],[6.5-8.7],[1.7-2.1],Smooth,Claviform,[37-59],[10-14],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Utriform,[33-77],[8-22],No,[0.5-1.5],n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Utriform,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Oak | Spruce | Pine,[15-42],[15-42],Attenuate,n/a,n/a,Pelargonium | Fishy | Not distinctive,Inosperma,Cervicolores,,"1) Vernal variants from the Mediterranean Region are generally more robust than summer and autumnal variants from West and Central Europe. No taxonomic value can be given to this difference, however. 2) Mr J. C. Donadini affirmed in a letter that I. pisciodora cannot be considered an autonomous species, but is only an infraspecific taxon of I. bongardii. 3) Although nothing is known about the composition of the olfactory substances of var. bongardii and var. pisciodora, I consider it very likely that they are chemically much related. Young specimens of var. pisciodora often possess a mixture of a Pelargonium-smell and a smell of overripe pears. Both smells can also be observed in I. calamistrata (Fr. : Fr.) Gillet.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 41-42",,,,
  borealis M. Lange,Goniospora,Nodulose | Angular,Subconical | Conical,[7.2-10],[5-6.9],[1.3-1.9],Sometimes with a strongly protruding apical nodule,Claviform,[24-40],[9-13],[2-4],Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusiform | Metuloid,[41-89],[12-26],Yes | No,[2.5-3],n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,[1-2],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Sandy soil,Spruce | Fir | Birch,[13-45],[13-45],Equal | Widening slightly downwards,n/a,n/a,Acidulous | Spermatic | Not distinctive,Clypeus,,,"Inocybe borealis is a variable species in many aspects. Our identifications of boreal collections, a subarctic collection, and I. heterochrominea are primarily based on ITS and LSU sequences, because the spores diverged so much from the I. borealis type. They were consistently smaller (except in KK141/03), paler, and more strongly nodulose. The Nordic ITS sequences were identical with the type sequence of I. borealis in two specimens (KK190/08 - GenBank JN580813, KK&JV27051F - JN580814), or deviated from the type by one gap (JV9244 - JN580815), by one common base in nine specimens (KK&JV26120F - JN580816), by one other base in JV15250F (JN580817), by one base and a gap of 12 bases (KK141/03 - JN580818), or by two bases (Heinonen 307-95 - JN580819). The I. heterochrominea type deviated from the I. borealis type by one base and a gap of one base, when 42 bases were lacking in the middle of the I. heterochrominea sequence and three loci with ambiguous bases were ignored. The LSU sequences of the type of I. borealis and a collection with one different base in ITS (KK&JV26120F - JN580889) diverged by one base as well. An arctic collection from Svalbard (Online Resource Fig. S3) resembled the Greenland type in its spores, the presence of velipellis (absent in the other collections), and identical ITS (in the phylogram, JN580820). These specimens thus seem to form their own group. They both also have dark brown pilei seemingly unlike most boreal collections (the colours may have changed in exsiccata). Still, the two boreal collections with the type ITS also have dark brown pilei (Online Resource Fig. S2), but in spores they resemble other boreal specimens rather than the type; thus forming an intermediate group. Overall, the strength of nodularity varies rather much among the boreal specimens, and rarely the spores are elongated (KK141/03) as in the type of Inocybe borealis. We were unable to find more distinct morphological boundaries between the specimens differing in ITS or between arctic and boreal/subarctic collections, and thus we tentatively determine them all to be the same very variable species. The observed morphological differences may have been caused by environment, or may be genetically intraspecific. The amount of velipellis, for example, often varies within species and seems to increase in arctic and alpine environments. The microscopic and macroscopic features of Inocybe heterochrominea agreed with our Nordic collections of I. borealis. Accordingly, we have reduced it to a synonym. The walls of the cystidia of the I. heterochrominea holotype (a piece of a pileus) seemed thinner than in the drawings of Grund and Stuntz (1983), and the spores did not seem quite as strongly nodulose. I. heterochrominea was described from mixed and conifer forests of Michigan, Nova Scotia, and Washington. In Finland, I. borealis grows in various habitats, and we assume Betula to be one host. Lange (1957) did not mention any plant species from the type site, but he described the vegetation and fungi of the northern slopes, for example, stating that Betula nana was the dominant shrub and Salix glauca was scattered. Inocybe acutoides is a closely related sibling species associated with Salix. See our comments regarding I. acutoides, and the diagnostic key.","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 309-312",,,,
  "boreocarelica Kokkonen & Vauras, sp. nov.",Goniospora,Strongly nodulose,Subconical | Conical,[7-10.1],[5-7.5],[1.2-1.7],Nodules usually small,Claviform,[24-38],[8-12],[4-4],Yes,Lageniform | Ellipsoid | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Metuloid,[45-82],[11-26],Yes,[2-4],n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Fusuform | Cylindrical | Claviform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,[1-2],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Soil,Spruce | Birch | Alder | Heath forest mainly,[14-35],[14-35],Tapering | Roundish,n/a,n/a,Acidulous | Not distinctive,Clypeus,,,"Inocybe boreocarelica may be difficult to identify, but it is characterised by its reddish brown, flocculose stipe and rather small spores. It may resemble I. borealis both in morphology and habitat. Both sometimes have a yellow brown pileus cracked into scales at umbo, as observed in an old cemetery (Pitkamaki, Nurmes) where they grow near each other. However, the cystidial walls of I. boreocarelica are often distinctly thickened in the neck. Inocybe boreocarelica also resembles I. bufonia microscopically, but the spores of I. bufonia are more often elongated. I. bufonia differs more distinctly in its darker appearance and moister habitat. The ITS sequence of the Norwegian specimen deviated from the others by one base (GenBank JN580835).","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 314-315",,,,
  brevicystis Metrod ex Kuyper,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Obtuse | Subconical,[9-11],[5-6.5],[1.5-1.8],Smooth,Claviform,[27-36],[9-11],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Subfusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Subfusiform | Metuloid,[31-51],[9-14],Yes,[1-2],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Subfusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Oak,[20-30],[20-30],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Subspermatic,Inocybe,,,"The macroscopical description has been based on Metrod (in Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 72 : 126. 1956) and Reumaux (in Does mycol. 14 (54-55) : 5. 1984). 2) The rather short and narrow cystidia are indicative for I. brevicystis. Inocybe mycenoides Kuyp. posses the same cystidia, but that species differs in having a mycenoid habit and more yellow lamellae. Inocybe ochroalba Bruylants might show some macroscopical resemblance to I. brevicystis, but differs in cystidial characters and having a distinctly conical spore apex.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 212-213",,,,
  brunneolipes Grund & D.E. Stuntz,Leiospora,Inequilaterally | Amygdaliform,Obtuse | Subconical,[7-10],[4.5-6],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[22-30],[8-10],[2-4],Yes,Fusoid | Claviform | Metuloid,[16-36],[9-15],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusoid | Sublanceolate | Metuloid,[45-68],[11-19],Yes,[3-4],n/a,Yes,Fusoid | Sublanceolate | Metuloid,[45-90],[9-16],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusoid | Sublanceolate | Metuloid,[40-90],[10-22],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Sandy soil,Conifers | Spruce | Fir,[20-35],[20-35],Equal,n/a,jacobi,Spermatic,,,," The distinctive features of this Inocybe are the smooth umbrinous pileus, paler brown pruinose stipe, smooth moderate-sized spores, and thick-walled, hyaline pleurocystidia. I. brunneolipes takes its place in a small group of similar taxa, that includes I. reducta J. Lange and I. descissa f. bisporigera J. Lange. The former differs from I. brunneolipes by smaller spores and bulbous-based stipe, the latter species is distinct by 2-spored basidia, with all spores 10-12(-13) x 5-6 micron, and in the smaller size and much more slender stipe. In the collection of I. brunneolipes from Washington 2-spored basidia predominate and most of the spores are 11-14 x 6-7 micron, whereas in the Nova Scotian collection 2-spored basidia are decidedly in the minority and the smaller spores predominate. In all other respects the specimens of the two collections are practically indistinguishable.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes II., Mycologia, vol. 62, 1970; p. 928-929",,,,
  brunneotomentosa Huijsman,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Subconical,[7.5-9.5],[4.5-5.5],[1.5-1.8],Smooth,Claviform,[23-29],[7-9],[4-4],Yes,Claviform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,[34-52],[14-23],Yes,[2-2.5],n/a,Yes,Claviform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Oak | Beech | Blue-beech,[15-40],[15-40],Equal,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,Inocybe,,,"The macroscopical description has been copied from Huijsman (in Persoonia) 9 : 473. 1978). Inocybe brunneotomentosa can be confused with two other species with a darkening stipe, viz. I. melanopus Stuntz and I. tenebrosa Quel. The former species has a rather pale ochraceous pileus, and differently-shapped, rather thin-walled pleurocystidia, whereas the latter species lacks a cortina and has the stipe covered with caulocystidia throughout.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 127-128",,,,
  "bufonia Kokkonen & Vauras, sp. nov.",Goniospora,Strongly nodulose,Subconical | Conical,[7.2-10.5],[5.3-7.5],[1.1-1.8],Nodules small to medium sized,Claviform,[24-42],[9-14],[2-4],Yes,Lageniform | Ellipsoid | Utriform | Metuloid,[60-78],[15-28],Yes | Sparse | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Ellipsoid | Utriform | Metuloid,[39-82],[9-26],Yes | Sparse | No,[2-3],n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Ellipsoid | Utriform | Metuloid,[70-116],n/a,Yes | No,[2-3],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Moist forests,Spruce,[14-40],[14-40],Equal | Widening slightly downwards | Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic | Not distinctive,Clypeus,,,"Typical Inocybe bufonia can be initially recognized by its dark, rather acutely umbonate pileus, pale stipe, and its growth in moist habitats. However, it has never been found in Salix thickets like I. acuta, from which it can be easily distinguished microscopically by its paler spores. Picea abies or Betula seems to be the host. The limits of variation of Inocybe bufonia were difficult to define. Two subgroups could be recognized. Subgroup 1 (four sequenced specimens - GenBank JN580825, JN580826, JN580827, JN580828) differed from ""the type group"" (nine sequenced specimens, insertion of a base in KK60/05 - JN280824) in more strongly nodulose spores (Fig. 6b), as well as by 6-8 bases and 1-2 insertions/ deletions in the ITS region. Subgroup 2 (five specimens - JN580830, JN580831, JN580832, JN580833, one from Canada on the basis of ITS1 - JN580829) differed from ""the type group"" solely by seven bases and 0-1 gap in the ITS (one specimen was an intermediate to the type on the basis of ambiguous bases in four loci). These subgroups deviated from each other by 3-7 bases and 0-2 insertions/deletions. All grew in moist habitats, but the pilei in the subgroups often seemed paler (Online Resource Figs. S6 and S7). Because we could not find more distinct differences between the groups, all are treated here as Inocybe bufonia. However, the subgroups have been excluded from the microscopic and macroscopic descriptions, and are listed below as additional specimens.","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 312-314",,,,
  