anchor.diff:  saponacea Kuyper,Leiospora,Regular | Subamygdaliform,Subobtuse,[7.5-9],[5-5.5],[1.4-1.7],Smooth,Claviform,[24-32],[8-10],[4-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,[60-74],[12-18],Yes,[2-2.5],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Subfusiform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Acid soil,Birch | Willow,n/a,n/a,Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Strong | Soapy,"A collection from Greenland (Lyngmarksfjeld, 19. VIII. 1967, Lange 67.400, C) almost certainly belongs to the same species, but is unfortunately without macroscopical annotations.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 195",,,,
   scabra (O.F. Muell.) Quel.,Leiospora,Inequilaterally | Amygdaliform,Conical | Subconical,[9-11],[5-6],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[22-27],[9-10],[2-4],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[50-70],[12-27],Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[50-65],[13-15],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil | Moss,Conifers | Spruce,[10-40],[10-40],Truncate,n/a,n/a,Aromatic | Transient spermatic,"This Inocybe is distinguished by its uniformly dark brown pileus, paler brown stipe, sweet-aromatic odor, and non-rubescent context. Our material corresponds well enough to the description and illustration of Inocybe scabra given by Lange (Lange, J. 1938. Flora Agaricina Danica. Vol. III. Recato A/S Copenhagen. 96 p.; p. 71, pl. 111) to convince us that it is the same fungus. Whether or not the specific epithet is the correct one is, however, a different matter. Ever since the publication of Agricus scaber in Flora Danica, mycologists have held different opinions as to the exact agaric Mueller had in mind, and the application of the name has varied according to their different interpretations. If it is not possible for contemporary European agaricologists to reach a concensus, the name probably should no longer be used.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes II., Mycologia, vol. 62, 1970; p. 935-936",,,,
   semifulva Grund & D.E. Stuntz,Leiospora,Inequilaterally | Amygdaliform,Conical,[9-11],[4.5-5.5],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[24-31],[8-10],[4-4],Yes,Metuloid,[45-71],[20-33],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,[27-40],[11-16.5],Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Lageniform,[50-71],[13-21],Yes,[2-3.3],n/a,Yes,Versiform,[33-77],[11-15],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Grass,Hardwoods | Conifers,[10-40],[10-40],Bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,"This Inocybe belongs to a group of species characterized by bicolorous pileus, incarnate stipe lacking dermatocaulocystidia at the base, possessing smooth spores, and thin-walled of thick-walled pleurocystidia. The best known species is Inocybe phaeodisca Kuehn. (Kuehner, R. 1955. Complement a la Flore Analytique. V. leiospores Cystidies. Bull. Soc. Nat. d'Oyonnax, Mem. Hors Ser. 1 : 1-95) which differs in having the stipe pallid externally but with incarnate context, and in having thin-walled pleurocystidia. The spores of the paratype collections are slightly, but not significantly, longer than those of the type, mostly 11 micron long as opposed to 10-10.5 micron. The sporocarps of the two western collections are longer than those of the Nova Scotian collections, with pilei 20-40 mm broad, stipes 40-90 x 4-9 mm ; these larger sizes are noted as extremes in the description of the type. In all other features the specimens of the four collections agree completely.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes VI., Mycologia, vol. 73, 1981; p. 659-661",,,,
  -serotina Peck,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform | Suprahilar depression,Subobtuse | Subconical,[11.5-19],[6.5-9],[1.7-2.5],Smooth,Claviform,[30-46],[10-15],[2-4],Yes,Claviform | Balloon-shaped | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Spheropedunculate | Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Balloon-shaped | Metuloid,[42-80],[17-37],Yes,[2-3],n/a,Yes | No,Claviform | Balloon-shaped | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Moist places,Poplar | Willow | Pine | Ammophila arenaria,[31-44],[31-44],Equal | Subbulbous | Submarginately bulbous,n/a,n/a,Disagreeable sweetish | Strong,"1) Easily recognisable because of great spores, voluminous cystidia and specialised habitat. It could, however, be confused with some variants of I. inodora, but the latter species differs in having somewhat smaller spores with thinner wall, less broad cystidia, a more strongly rimulose pileus and in lacking a viscid velipellis. 2) Inocyba serotina is rather variable in several macroscopical characters. Stipe convering can be greatly different between the various collections, depending on the development and differentiation of the intermediate zone. Specimens with a bulbous stipe often possess caulocystidioid hairs almost all over, whereas specimens with an equal stipe can lack them alltogether. As intermediate cases also occur, no taxonomic significance can be attributed to this character, and I. psammophila M. Bon is therefore relegated to synonymy. The bulbous stipe can even seem to be marginate, as the outer side is covered with remnants of the (greasy) velipellis which is completely covered with grains of sand. 3) The development of the velipellis seems at least partly environmentally determined. Specimens growing in damp habitats have a more weakly developed velipellis, which causes a darker colour of the pileus (brown) without a persisting white centre. These variants, originally described as I. devoniensis, occur in dune valleys, associated with Salix repens, but do not deserve autonomous taxonomic status.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 167-169",,,,
  +serotina Peck,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform | Suprahilar depression,Subobtuse | Subconical,[11.5-19],[6.5-9],[1.7-2.5],Smooth,Claviform,[30-46],[10-15],[2-4],Yes,Claviform | Balloon-shaped | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Spheropedunculate | Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Balloon-shaped | Metuloid,[42-80],[17-37],Yes,[2-3],n/a,Yes | No,Claviform | Balloon-shaped | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Moist places,Poplar | Willow | Pine | Ammophila arenaria,[31-44],[31-44],Equal | Subbulbous | Submarginate bulbous,n/a,n/a,Disagreeable sweetish | Strong,"1) Easily recognisable because of great spores, voluminous cystidia and specialised habitat. It could, however, be confused with some variants of I. inodora, but the latter species differs in having somewhat smaller spores with thinner wall, less broad cystidia, a more strongly rimulose pileus and in lacking a viscid velipellis. 2) Inocyba serotina is rather variable in several macroscopical characters. Stipe convering can be greatly different between the various collections, depending on the development and differentiation of the intermediate zone. Specimens with a bulbous stipe often possess caulocystidioid hairs almost all over, whereas specimens with an equal stipe can lack them alltogether. As intermediate cases also occur, no taxonomic significance can be attributed to this character, and I. psammophila M. Bon is therefore relegated to synonymy. The bulbous stipe can even seem to be marginate, as the outer side is covered with remnants of the (greasy) velipellis which is completely covered with grains of sand. 3) The development of the velipellis seems at least partly environmentally determined. Specimens growing in damp habitats have a more weakly developed velipellis, which causes a darker colour of the pileus (brown) without a persisting white centre. These variants, originally described as I. devoniensis, occur in dune valleys, associated with Salix repens, but do not deserve autonomous taxonomic status.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 167-169",,,,
   "silvae-herbaceae Kokkonen & Vauras, sp. nov.",Goniospora,Strongly nodulose | With somewhat hemispherical,Subconical | Conical,[7.2-10.4],[5.1-8],[1.2-1.7],"Medium sized to large nodules | Often a prominent hilar nodule, at times spores slightly bent",Claviform,[19-40],[8-12],[4-4],Yes,Lageniform | Fusiform | Clavate | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,[1-2],n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Fusiform | Clavate | Metuloid,[40-73],[11-20],Yes | No,[1-2],n/a,Yes,Multiform | Fusiform | Capitate | Subglobose | Cylindrical | Utriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,No,[1-2],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Calcareous soil,Spruce,[10-43],[10-43],Equal | Subclavate,n/a,n/a,Spermatic | Acidulous,"Inocybe silvae-herbaceae can be easily confused with I. proximella. They both grow in spruce forests, preferring calcareous localities, sometimes sharing the site, and resemble each other in appearance and microscopic features. However, I. silvae-herbaceae is not as greyish as I. proximella, it has somewhat smaller spores, cheilocystidia with thinner walls, and perhaps the best distinguishing feature is the more variable caulocystidia. ITS sequencing shows that these fungi are not closely related. I. silvae-herbaceae can also be confused with the related I. amicta; see for comparison our comments about I. amicta. Compared with the type sequence, one collection deviated by a base and a gap (JV9200 - GenBank JN580853), three collections by an insertion of a base (KK&JV23073 - JN580854, Kytoevuori 93-146 - JN580855, Heinonen 353-94 - JN580857), and one collection by two gaps (JV4983 - JN580858), when loci with ambiguous bases were ignored. The type had one ambiguous base (T or G), and in that locus six specimens had base G and three had T (Kytoevuori 95-2143 in the phylogram - JN580856).","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 321-323",,,,
   similis Bres.,Leiospora,Regular,Obtuse,[11.5-17],[6.5-9],[1.4-2.2],Smooth,Claviform,[34-41],[10-13],[2-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Subutriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Subutriform | Metuloid,[43-74],[14-22],Yes,[2-2.5],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Claviform | Subutriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Calcareous soil,Willow | Poplar | Dryas octopetala,[20-35],[20-35],Equal | Subbulbous,n/a,vulpinella,Not distinctive | Spermatic,"1) The macroscopical description of this species has been copied from Huijsman (in Persoonia 9 : 476. 1978). 2) Inocybe similis resembles I. vulpinella Bruylants very much, and both species seem to have comparable habitat preferences. Inocybe similis differs not only in covering of stipe but also because the pleurocystidia are somewhat larger and less thick-walled, and the spores have an almost obtuse apex. In I. vulpinella the apex of spore is partly subapplanate, suggesting an affinity with goniosporous species as I. decipiens Bres. and I. dunensis P. D. Orton.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 107-108",,,,
   sindonia (Fr.) P. Karst.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Subconical,[7-9.5],[4-5.5],[1.6-2],Smooth,Claviform,[26-34],[7-10],[2-4],Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | Sparse,n/a,n/a,Yes,Pyriform | Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,[53-108],[10-18],Yes | Sparse,[3-3.5],n/a,Yes,Cylindrical | Fusiform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Calcareous soil,Spruce | Pine | Beech | Oak | Birch | Basswood,[10-70],[10-70],Claviform | Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,"1) The correct nomenclature of this species has been questioned for a long time. According to Stangl & Veselsky (in Ceska Mykol. 28: 205. 1974) the name Agaricus sindonius must be considered a nomen dubium. They cited the opinion of Lundell (in Lundell & Nannfeldt, Fungi exs. succ. 47-48: 8. 1956) that A. sindonius could well refer to an unusually pale variant of Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.: Fr.) Maire because of its hollow stipe and subappendiculate cortina. However, both characters can (occasionally) be encountered in the taxon described above. And as this species is very common around Femsjoe, it seems very likely that it must have been described by Fries. As I cannot see any discrepancies between Frie's protologue of A. sindonius (Epicr.: 176. 1838) and the description above, the application of the epithet sindonius is necessary. Unfortunately, it means also the abandonment of the name I. kuehneri Stangl & Veselsky. Frie's wording makes clear that A. sindonius is only apparently superfluous, and the name is therefore not automatically typified with the type of A. pallidus Sow. (Art. 7.9). 2) Reumaux (in Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 100: 177. 1984) has subdivided this species in 7 varieties for which he provided a provisional key. However, none of these characters are sufficiently constant or clear-cut to allow taxonomic splitting, and these varieties are consequently reduced to insignificant variants. It seems that too much attention has been given to subtle differences in colour of stipe and degree of development of caulocystidioid hairs. 3) A collection from the Netherlands (prov. Friesland, Gaasterland, Oude Mirdum) consists of albinistic specimens. 4) Inocybe sindonia usually appears not before the second half of September and is one of the latest-fruiting Inocybes.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 177-180",,,,
  
positive.code: phaeoleuca Kuehner,Leiospora,Inequilaterally | Amygdaliform,Obtuse | Subconical,[8-11],[5-6],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[27-33],[9-10],[4-4],Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[20-35],[8-16],Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Metuloid,[60-75],[12-25],Yes,[3-5],n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Fusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Pyriform | Metuloid,[40-45],n/a,Yes | No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Moss | Needles,Mixed,[35-60],[35-60],Submarginate bulbous,n/a,n/a,Spermatic,"As far as we know, this is the first report of Inocybe phaeoleuca from North America. It is a species readily recognized by the smooth, brown pileus, and white, entirely pruinose stipe with thick-walled metuloid at th base. The Nova Scotian specimens correspond very well to Kuehner's description (Kuehner, R. 1955. Complements a la Flore Analytique V. Inocybe leispores cystidies. Bull. Soc. Nat. D'Oyonnax, Mem. Hors ser. 1. Imprimerie Berthod, Bourg. 95 p.; 45 p.).","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes I., Mycologia, vol. 60, 1968; p. 421-422",,,,
  "porcorum Vauras & Kokkonen, sp. nov.",Goniospora,Nodulose to angular-nodulose,Subconical | Conical,[9.6-12.1],[6.2-7.9],[1.3-1.7],"With several hemispherical, fairly small nodules",Claviform,[26-41],[9-13],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Lageniform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,[40-78],[15-25],Yes | Sparse | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Lageniform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,[53-96],[11-24],Yes | Sparse | No,[1-2],n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | Sparse | No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,Soil,Pine | Spruce | Birch | Willow,[15-35],[15-35],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Acidulous,"Inocybe porcorum is characterised by fairly large spores and pleurocystidia, which to some extent resemble those of I. decipiens Bres. However, the latter species has larger spores and caulocystidia over half-way down the stipe. I. curvipes P.Karst., a common species in southern Finland, differs, for example, in its silvery greybrown colour at the stipe base and its pleurocystidia with subacute apices. I. proximella, a species with caulocystidioid hairs tapering to their apices, is more greyish and usually paler in colour, not squamulose, has somewhat smaller spores with larger nodules and smaller Q values, and wider and shorter pleurocystidia on average. In our material of sequenced species, I. proximella is the closest to I. porcorum, but showed as many as 35 deviating bases and 12 insertions/deletions.","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 325-326",,,,
  posterula (Britzelm.) Sacc.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Conical | Subconical,[7.5-9.5],[4.5-6],[1.5-1.8],Smooth,Claviform,[23-30],[7-9],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Utriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Utriform | Metuloid,[47-66],[12-21],Yes,[1.5-2.5],n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Utriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Soil,Spruce | Pine | Larch,[25-60],[25-60],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Indistinctly spermatic,"1) Inocybe xanthodisca Kuehner is considered a synonym of I. posterula on account of their more or less identical macroscopical characters. I have been unable, however, to obtain authentic material of I. xanthodisca. According to Huijsman (pers. comm.) who studied material from Bresadola's herbarium at S, I. geophylla var. lutescens is identical with I. posterula. 2) Inocybe posterula often resembles I. geophylla (Fr.: Fr.) Kumm., but can be recognised by the less sericeous-smooth and more yellow pileus, the more robust habit, and the spores with a more conical apex. The latter character, however, is rather diffucult to observe, as the apex of the spore of I. posterula is only slightly conical. Inocybe phaeodisca var. geophylloides Kuehner differs in slender habit, stipe with reddish tinges at apex, and somewhat longer spores. Its ecology is somewhat different too.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 146-147",,,,
  "praecox Kropp, Matheny et Nanagyulyan, sp. nov.",Leiospora,Amygdaliform | Elliptical in outline,Obtuse | Subobtuse,[7.5-10],[4.5-5.5],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[25-30],[6-10],[4-4],Yes,Clavate | Fusiform-ventricose | Ovate | Metuloid,[32-65],[12-17],Yes,[0.5-2],n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Clavate | Fusiform-ventricose | Metuloid,[44-70],[12-18],Yes,[1-1.5],n/a,Yes,Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Soil during spring,Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir | Red alder | Western hemlock | Arbutus menziesii,[20-60],[20-60],Equal | Marginate bulbous,n/a,n/a,None,"Inocybe praecox is thus far known only from the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It is characterized by its vernal fruiting habit and its relatively light yellow-brown, slightly greasy pileus that lacks a velipellis and by having a basal bulb on the stipe. Specimens of I. praecox fit within I. splendens senso lato but differ from it phylogenetically. It differs from I. alluvionalis primarily by lacking a velipellis and by lacking the umbrinous pileus that develops in I. alluvionalis. Inocybe splendens sensu Heim (1931) has a darkly pigmented pileus, while I. terrifera lacks a basal bulb on its stipe and has a velipellis. A number of North American species also fit within section Spendentes of Inocybe that could be potentially interpreted as I. praecox. Among these I. bakeri is differentiated by its larger spores while I. kauffmanii has a cream-colored pileus and lacks a basal bulb on the stipe. The single specimen in clade 2 from Washington that is identifiable as I. splendens sensu lato is also at first glance strikingly similar to I. praecox. This fungus fruits in spring in the same region and has a stature and coloration similar to I. praecox. Yet it is phylogenetically distinct from I. praecox and, even though more material is required to fully characterize or formally describe this taxon, a closer examination indicates that some morphological differences exist that allows it to be distinguished from I. praecox. The taxon represented by clade 2 has a distinct velipellis and its pileus becomes rimose toward the margin, while I. praecox lacks both characters. This taxon is probably undescribed, however more collections are required before we can fully characterize or formally describe it. It should be pointed out that the name Inocybe abietis Kuehner originally was applied to some of the material we now refer to as I. praecox in Matheny et al. (2002) and Matheny (2005).","Kropp, Bradley R.; Matheny, P. Brandon,; Nanagyulyan, Siranush G. Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Inocybe splendens group and evolution of supersection ""Marginatae"", Mycologia, 102(3), 2010, pp. 560-573 ; p.570-571",,,,
  prominens Kauffman,Goniospora,Quadrangular | Polyhedral,Conical | Subconical,[7-9],[5.5-8],n/a,"8 to 9 low, rounded nodules",Claviform | Inflated apex,[24-28],[8-10],[4-4],Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Metuloid,[45-50],[14-16],No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,[22-23],[6.5-11],Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Metuloid,[46-71],[11-19],Yes | No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Versiform | Claviform,[45-70],[9-16],No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Grass,Oak,[10-35],[10-35],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive,"This Inocybe was reported from Nova Scotia by Smith and Wehmeyer (Smith, A. H., and Wehmeyer, L. E.. 1936. Contribution to a study of the fungous flora of Nova Scotia. II. Agaricaceae and Boletaceae. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters 21 : 163-197) in 1936, but without description. Our specimens are not prominently umbonate, but there is provision for this in the protolog. Kauffman (Kauffman, C. H. 1924. Inocybe. North Amer. Fl. 10(4) : 227-260) says ""usually prominently umbonate. "" The microscopic features of ACAD 10300 are in such complete agreement with those of the holotype, however, that we have no doubt that our identification is correct.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes VI., Mycologia, vol. 73, 1981; p. 664-665",,,,
  proximella P. Karst.,Goniospora,Strongly nodulose with hemispherical,Subconical | Conical,[7.8-11.2],[6.2-8.7],[1.1-1.6],Medium-sized to rather large nodules,Claviform,[25-41],[9-12],[4-4],Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusoid | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | Sparse | No,[2-3],n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Lageniform | Cylindrical | Fusoid | Metuloid,[50-85],[14-29],Yes | Sparse | No,[1-2.5],n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Cylindrical | Clavate | Flexuous | Septae | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,No,[1-2],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Calcareous soil,Spruce | Mainly in forests,[18-48],[18-48],"Wide, widening slightly downwards",n/a,n/a,Acidulous | Spermatic | Not distinctive,"Inocybe proximella has been known by Finnish mycologists as a spruce forest species, but the limits of its variation have been obscure. I. striata has had much the same status in southern Europe. It appeared conspecific with I. proximella in our examinations, as did I. umbrinodisca. We thus reduce these to synonyms. We have not studied the type of Inocybe striata, but have relied on type descriptions by Bresadola (1927-33) and Bizio and Marchetti (1998), and considered how the Bizio's collections agree with these descriptions. Bizio sent us four recent collections of I. striata that we subjected to ITS analysis. Of these, two Italian and the Croatian specimen agreed in cystidia and reasonably well in spores with the type descriptions of I. striata, as well as with I. proximella. They deviated from the type of I. proximella in their ITS sequences by one or two bases and a gap of three bases (GenBank JN580841, JN580842, JN580843). However, the Croatian and an Italian sequence were identical with some other Finnish sequences of I. proximella. Compared with the type, all the other I. proximella sequences had the same gap of three bases including a collection of Karsten from 1895 (from that collection only the ITS1 succeeded - JN580844). The fourth analysed specimen sent by Bizio from Italy had shorter fusiform cystidia and spores with smaller, irregular nodules, and it diverged greatly in the ITS from the I. proximella type, representing an unknown species. In further support, Bizio and Marchetti (1998) mentioned that the stipe bases of the type fungi of I. striata were ochraceous. This fits our observations of I. proximella. According to Stangl (1976), both Inocybe striata and I. striatorimosa P.D.Orton possibly belong to the I. acuta complex. We have studied a part of the holotype of I. striatorimosa (K). This belongs to the I. soluta Velen. complex, differing from all the species we describe here. The ITS2 sequence of I. umbrinodisca failed, but the ITS1 was identical with most Finnish sequences of I. proximella. Microscopic and macroscopic features and habitat information agreed, except that the odour of I. umbrinodisca was mentioned as fruity acidulous or at times subpelargonious (Kuehner 1988). Kuehner collected I. umbrinodisca under Picea. In conclusion, Inocybe proximella is a rather variable species with a wide distribution. It has typically a rather robust appearance, a weakly fibrillose and rather pale, grey brown cap, often a yellow to ochre tinge at the stipe base, and fairly large spores with rather large nodules. It is likely that it is the most common of all species treated in this paper. However, it is not a common species in Finland. It can be confused with I. silvae-herbaceae, for example. See our comments about I. silvae-herbaceae for comparison. The ITS sequences of the examined one Swedish and 20 Finnish collections of I. proximella, excluding the type, were identical (JV26381 in the phylogram - GenBank JN580845), except for one base difference in collection JV15349 (JN580846), and an insertion/deletion of one base in two specimens (JV21832 - JN580847, KK223/08 - JN580850). An Estonian (JN580848) and a Norwegian (JN580849) specimen both differed by one (different) base from most Finnish specimens. I. proximella is rather closely related to I. giacomi: the ITS sequences of I. giacomi deviated by 22-23 bases and 5 insertions/deletions from the sequence of I. proximella type.","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 318-321",,,,
  pruinosa R. Heim,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform | Irregular | Indistinct suprahilar depression,Subconical,[11-17],[5-6.5],[1.9-2.8],Smooth,Claviform,[28-37],[9-13],[4-4],Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Subutriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Pyriform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Subutriform | Metuloid,[45-77],[13-30],Yes,[3-5],n/a,Yes,Claviform | Fusiform | Subutriform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,Caulocystidioid hairs,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Sandy places,Pine | Spruce | Oak,[18-32],[18-32],Equal | Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive,"1) Inocybe halophila has been an enigmatic species that has been variously interpreted. I. concur with Romagnesi (pers. comm.) who asserted that I. halophila is only a variant of I. pruinosa with somewhat less prominent velipellis. I. studied several collections in his herbarium (e.g. Romagnesi 73.33 & 74.147) which corresponded in all respects to Heim's protologue of I. halophila. 2) Inocybe pruinosa differs from the North American I. bulbosa Peck (in Bull. Torrey bot. Club. 36: 333. 1909) in having somewhat smaller cystidia, larger spores and an (almost) equal stipe. Inocybe longispora M. Lange (in Medd. Groenland 148: 13. 1957) shows some superficial resemblance to I. pruinosa but differs in narrower spores (4.5-5.5 microns broad), less thick-walled pleurocystidia and a stipe that is pruinose over only 1/10th of its length.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 169-171",,,,
  
negative.code: lacunarum Vauras & E. Larss.,Goniospora,Stellate,Stellate | Fingered,[9.5-13.8],[8-11.1],[1.1-1.5],"With about 14 to 16 prominent, narrowly conical and rounded nodules",Claviform,[26-40],[9-15],[4-4],Yes,Ventricose | Utriform | Fusiform | Metuloid,[38-76],[13-21],Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Ovoid | Pyriform | Clavate,[14-28],[7-16],Yes,Ventricose | Utriform | Fusiform | Metuloid,[54-84],[14-30],Yes,[4-5],n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Utriform | Fusiform | Metuloid,[40-80],[13-21],n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Ventricose | Utriform | Fusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Bare soil,Birch | poplar | Oak,[6-40],[6-40],Subbulbous,n/a,n/a,Faintly,"Inocybe lacunarum is a rather characteristic species with its stellate spores. In the phylogenetical tree (Fig. 1) it comes out as a sister species to I. populea, described from Japan (Kobayashi & Courtecuisse 2000). According to the original description it is about the same size, and with rather similar structure and colour. However, in micro-morphology it is somewhat different. The spores are smaller, 8.0-13.5 x 6.5-11.0 microns, on average 9.3-11.3 x 7.5-9.4 microns and Q = 1.1-1.3. Furthermore, the nodules are not as regular as in I. lacunarum, but there are also some crown-shaped double nodules. Pleurocystidia are shorter and narrower, 34-60(-71) x 12-15(-19) microns, as also the caulocystidia at stipe apex, which are 28-48 x 12-17 microns. In addition, according to the drawings, there are no crystals on the cystidia (Kobayashi & Courtecuisse 2000, Kobayshi 2002).","Vauras, Jukka and Larsson, Ellen. Inocybe caprimulgi and I. lacunarum, two new nodulose-spored species from Fennoscandia. Karstenia 55: 1-18, 2015 (2016); p. 12-17",,,,
  lanatodisca Kauffman,Leiospora,Subreniform | Inequilaterally | Ellipsoidal,Obtuse,[9-11],[5.5-6.5],n/a,Smooth,Claviform,[28-35],[10-12],[2-4],Yes,Claviform | Subventricose | Cylindrical,[33-65],[14-20],No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Subventricose | Cylindrical,[28-50],[9-25],No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Needles,Pine | Spruce,[20-90],[20-90],Subbulbous,n/a,maculata,n/a,"When writing the original description of I. lanatodisca. Kauffman must have had in hand unusually pale specimens (Smith, A. H. 1939. Certain species of Inocybe in the Herbarium of the University of Michigan. Papers Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts Letters 24 : 93-106; p. 103) with more than the ordinary amount of white superficial layer on the pileal surface. This, in conjunction with his ambiguous description of the odor, has made his species rather difficult to recognize in the field. Actually, in our experience, I. lanatodisca is of widespread occurrence and often abundant locally, but it is usually much darker than "" pale ochraceous brownish "" or "" pale tawny "" (quotes from Kauffman 's description), and its odor is much more characteristic than merely "" nauseous "". The odor is complex, with three main components : green-corn, spermatic, and fragrant (sweet-aromatic). Usually the green-corn component is strongest when the specimen is collected, but fades subsequently, and the fragant component becomes more evident. The white superficial layer on the pileal surface varies considerably in amount from one collection to another, and is frequently absent altogether, giving the pileus a decidedly different appearance from that stressed in the original description. We cannot agree with Heim 's contention (Heim, R. 1931. Le genre Inocybe. Encyclopedie Mycologique I. P. Lechevalier & Fils, Paris. 429 p.; p. 197, 395) that I. lanatodisca is a synonym of I. maculata Boudier. Where the two species occur together they are readily distinguished. See the comments under I. maculata.","Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes I., Mycologia, vol. 60, 1968; p. 412-413",,,,
  lanatodisca var. phaeoderma (D.E. Stuntz) Grund & D.E. Stuntz,Leiospora,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,See Inocybe armoricana Heim var. phaeoderma Stuntz,"Grund, D.W.; Stuntz, D.E. Nova Scotian Inocybes III., Mycologia, vol. 67, 1975; p. 30",,,,
  langei R. Heim,Leiospora,Regular | Subamygdaliform,Obtuse,[6-8],[4-5],[1.4-1.8],Smooth,Claviform,[22-28],[7-10],[4-4],Yes,Claviform | Subutriform | Subfusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Subutriform | Subfusiform | Metuloid,[45-70],[11-21],Yes,[1-2],n/a,Yes,Claviform | Subutriform | Subfusiform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Calcareous soil,Oak | Willow | Alder | Poplar,[18-31],[18-31],Equal | Submarginate bulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive | Spermatic,"Easily recognised because of the combination of greyish lamellae and very small spores. Macroscopically it is not unlike I. trechispora (Berk.) P. Karst., which has, however, nodulose spores. Inocybe ochroalba Bruylants differs in having larger spores (on average more than 8.0 microns long) and broader cystidia; I. pelargonium Kuehner differs in having a different smell and whitish to cream lamellae. Inocybe langei has often been confused with I. hirtella Bres. var hirtella, e.g. by J. Lange (Fl. agar. dan. 3: 78. 1938), but the latter species has a more squamulose pileus, whitish lamellae, a different smell and slightly larger spores. Spores measurements as given by the Danish author are, however, often somewhat too small and this might explain Lange's misinterpretation.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 204-205",,,,
  "lapponica Kokkonen & Vauras, sp. nov.",Goniospora,Angular | Nodulose,Subconical | Conical,[8-11.8],[5.7-8],[1.2-1.7],Angular | With few nodules,Claviform,[21-46],[9-14],[2-4],Yes,Utriform | Lageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,Utriform | Lageniform | Metuloid,[43-79],[10-27],Yes,[2-3.5],n/a,Yes,Claviform | Lageniform | Utriform | Cylindrical | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes | No,[1-2],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,Alluvial river | Lake shore forests,Birch | Willow,[10-25],[10-25],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Not distinctive,"Inocybe lapponica is a small northern species much resembling I. acuta and I. acutoides, but it is not restricted to Salix (see Comments relating to I. acutoides and the key for differential diagnosis). The most distinct difference from I. bufonia is that its spores have fewer nodules. The ITS sequences of I. lapponica specimens were identical except for one with a different base (Ruots. 1985 - GenBank JN580837) and one with a gap (Kallio 1962 - JN580838).","Kokkonen, Katri; Vauras, Jukka. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores, Mycol Progress (2012) 11:299-341; p. 315-317",,,,
  leiocephala D.E. Stuntz,Leiospora,Regular | Subamygdaliform,Obtuse | Subconical,[9-11],[5.5-6.5],[1.5-1.9],Smooth,Claviform,[26-37],[8-11],[4-4],Yes,Fusiform | Utriform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,Yes,Pyriform | Claviform,n/a,n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Utriform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,[45-82],[13-22],Yes,[2-3],n/a,Yes,Fusiform | Utriform | Sublageniform | Metuloid,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Yes,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Soil,Spruce | Oak | Pine | Willow | Dryas octopetala,[9-30],[9-30],Submarginate bulbous,n/a,nitidiuscula,Spermatic,"1) Inocybe leiocephala shows much resemblance to I. nitidiuscula (Britz.) Sacc., but the latter specie differs in being cortinate, having a different stipe covering and spores with a distinctly conical apex. 2) Inocybe tjallingiorum Kuyp. comes also close to I. leiocephala, but differs in having shorter cystidia and somewhat smaller spores. 3) The spore apex in I. leiocephala varies from almost obtuse to indistinctly conical. Variants with the latter character are occasionally met in the dunes of West Europe, and have been described by Bon (in Docs mycol. 14(53): 35. 1984) as var. subconicospora. However, intermediate cases do also occur and for that reason no taxonomic significance can be given to this character difference.","Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 190-192",,,,
  leptocystis G.F. Atk.,Leiospora,Subamygdaliform,Conical,[7.5-10],[4.5-6],[1.5-1.9],Smooth,Claviform,[24-30],[7-9],[4-4],Yes,Claviform | Subutriform,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Cylindrical,n/a,n/a,Yes,Claviform | Subutriform,[46-70],[10-19],No,[0.1-0.2],n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,No,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Wet soil | Moist places,Conifers,[10-30],[10-30],Not bulbous,n/a,n/a,Faintly acidulous,n/a,"Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe : I. subgenus inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, 247 p.; p. 111-112",,,,
  