 
   def execute(conn, statement, params, options) when is_binary(statement) do
     query = %Simple{statement: statement}
-    execute_with_retrying(conn, query, params, validate_paging_state(options))
+    assert_valid_paging_state(options)
+    execute_with_retrying(conn, query, params, options)
   end
 
   def execute(conn, %Prepared{} = prepared, params, options) do
-    execute_with_retrying(conn, prepared, params, validate_paging_state(options))
+    assert_valid_paging_state(options)
+    execute_with_retrying(conn, prepared, params, options)
   end
 
   @doc """

    :ok
  end

  defp validate_paging_state(options) do
    case Keyword.fetch(options, :paging_state) do
      {:ok, nil} ->
        raise ArgumentError, "no more pages are available"

                "got: #{inspect(value)}"

      _other ->
        :ok
    end
  end

