def _get_prediction_device(self) -> int:
        """
        This method checks the device of the model parameters to determine the cuda_device
        this model should be run on for predictions.  If there are no parameters, it returns -1.

        Returns
        -------
        The cuda device this model should run on for predictions.
        """
        devices = {util.get_device_of(param) for param in self.parameters()}

        if len(devices) > 1:
            devices_string = ", ".join(str(x) for x in devices)
            raise ConfigurationError(f"Parameters have mismatching cuda_devices: {devices_string}")
        elif len(devices) == 1:
            return devices.pop()
        else:
            return -1