def append(self, symbol, item, upsert=False, metadata=None, audit=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Appends data from item to symbol's data in the database.

        Is not idempotent

        Parameters
        ----------
        symbol: str
            the symbol for the given item in the DB
        item: DataFrame or Series
            the data to append
        upsert:
            write data if symbol does not exist
        metadata: ?
            optional per symbol metadata
        audit: dict
            optional audit information
        kwargs:
            passed to write if upsert is true and symbol does not exist
        """
        sym = self._get_symbol_info(symbol)
        if not sym:
            if upsert:
                return self.write(symbol, item, metadata=metadata, audit=audit, **kwargs)
            else:
                raise NoDataFoundException("Symbol does not exist.")
        if audit is not None:
            audit['symbol'] = symbol
            audit['action'] = 'append'
        self.__update(sym, item, metadata=metadata, combine_method=SER_MAP[sym[SERIALIZER]].combine, audit=audit)