def estimate_row_scales(
            self,
            X_centered,
            column_scales):
        """
        row_scale[i]**2 =
        mean{j in observed[i, :]}{
            (X[i, j] - row_center[i] - column_center[j]) ** 2
            --------------------------------------------------
                        column_scale[j] ** 2
        }
        """
        n_rows, n_cols = X_centered.shape
        column_scales = np.asarray(column_scales)
        if len(column_scales) != n_cols:
            raise ValueError("Expected length %d but got shape %s" % (
                n_cols, column_scales))
        row_variances = np.nanmean(
            X_centered ** 2 / (column_scales ** 2).reshape((1, n_cols)),
            axis=1)
        row_variances[row_variances == 0] = 1.0
        assert len(row_variances) == n_rows, "%d != %d" % (
            len(row_variances),
            n_rows)
        return np.sqrt(row_variances)