def format_string(target, kwargs):
  """Formats a string in any of three ways (or not at all).

  Args:
    target: The target string to format. This can be a function that takes a
        dict as its only argument, a string with {}- or %-based formatting, or
        a basic string with none of those. In the latter case, the string is
        returned as-is, but in all other cases the string is formatted (or the
        callback called) with the given kwargs.
        If this is None (or otherwise falsey), it is returned immediately.
    kwargs: The arguments to use for formatting.
        Passed to safe_format, %, or target if it's
        callable.
  """
  if not target:
    return target
  if callable(target):
    return target(**kwargs)
  if not isinstance(target, six.string_types):
    return target
  if '{' in target:
    return partial_format(target, **kwargs)
  if '%' in target:
    return target % kwargs
  return target