• 综述 •

植物开花时间的遗传调控通路研究进展

1. 1.北京师范大学生命科学学院, 生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875
2.北京师范大学, 生命科学与技术国家级实验教学示范中心, 北京 100875
• 收稿日期:2020-09-21 接受日期:2020-11-30 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-02-01
• 通讯作者: 李小蒙
• 作者简介:* E-mail: xiaomengli@bnu.edu.cn
• 基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31700326);国家自然科学基金(31770253)

Advances in the genetic regulating pathways of plant flowering time

Xiaofeng Yang1, Xiaomeng Li2,*(), Wanjin Liao1

1. 1 MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences and Biotechnology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
• Received:2020-09-21 Accepted:2020-11-30 Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-02-01
• Contact: Xiaomeng Li

Abstract

Aims: Flowering time is critical for plant reproductive success. Plant species, especially which are widely distributed, are observed to exhibit significant differentiation in flowering time to maximize their fitness. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of adaptive differentiation of flowering time in plants, it is essential to clarify the regulating pathways of flowering. This paper summarizes the genetic pathways that regulate flowering time in various groups of plants, which can provide important reference for molecular mechanism research of adaptive differentiation of flowering time.

Progresses: As a vital transition from vegetative growth to reproduction in plants, the flowering time has been reported to be regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Based on researches of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and other taxa, six pathways that regulate flowering time have been identified. The light-dependent pathway, vernalization pathway, and temperature pathway refer to the regulation of flowering time in response to day length or quality of light, a long period of cold exposure, and external high or low temperature, respectively. While the gibberellin pathway, the age pathway and the autonomic pathway are the endogenous pathways. Signals from the six upstream flowering regulation pathways are transmitted to the downstream flowering integratorsFT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) andSOC1(SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1), assembled by these two integrators, and transmitted to the downstream flowering meristem where flowering initiates. In addition, most recent studies have shown that non-coding RNA and transposable elements also play important roles in the regulation of flowering time.

Prospect: The researches on the regulation of plant flowering have studied more than a hundred years ago, forming many mature theories. However, there are still many controversial and unresolved problems, such as the expression ways of flowering genes, the special regulatory mechanism of flowering, and the adaptive significance of differentiated flowering time, which require further study.
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