#### Sample records for acid oligomers constituents

1. Comparison of automated pre-column and post-column analysis of amino acid oligomers

Chow, J.; Orenberg, J. B.; Nugent, K. D.

1987-01-01

It has been shown that various amino acids will polymerize under plausible prebiotic conditions on mineral surfaces, such as clays and soluble salts, to form varying amounts of oligomers (n = 2-6). The investigations of these surface reactions required a quantitative method for the separation and detection of these amino acid oligomers at the picomole level in the presence of nanomole levels of the parent amino acid. In initial high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) studies using a classical postcolumn o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatization ion-exchange HPLC procedure with fluorescence detection, problems encountered included lengthy analysis time, inadequate separation and large relative differences in sensitivity for the separated species, expressed as a variable fluorescent yield, which contributed to poor quantitation. We have compared a simple, automated, pre-column OPA derivatization and reversed-phase HPLC method with the classical post-column OPA derivatization and ion-exchange HPLC procedure. A comparison of UV and fluorescent detection of the amino acid oligomers is also presented. The conclusion reached is that the pre-column OPA derivatization, reversed-phase HPLC and UV detection produces enhanced separation, improved sensitivity and faster analysis than post-column OPA derivatization, ion-exchange HPLC and fluorescence detection.

2. Mechanisms leading to oligomers and SOA through aqueous photooxidation: insights from OH radical oxidation of acetic acid and methylglyoxal

Y. Tan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Previous experiments have demonstrated that the aqueous OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal produces low volatility products including pyruvate, oxalate and oligomers. These products are found predominantly in the particle phase in the atmosphere, suggesting that methylglyoxal is a precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA. Acetic acid plays a central role in the aqueous oxidation of methylglyoxal and it is a ubiquitous product of gas phase photochemistry, making it a potential "aqueous" SOA precursor in its own right. However, the fate of acetic acid upon aqueous-phase oxidation is not well understood. In this research, acetic acid (20 μM–10 mM was oxidized by OH radicals, and pyruvic acid and methylglyoxal experimental samples were analyzed using new analytical methods, in order to better understand the formation of SOA from acetic acid and methylglyoxal. Glyoxylic, glycolic, and oxalic acids formed from acetic acid and OH radicals. In contrast to the aqueous OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal, the aqueous OH radical oxidation of acetic acid did not produce succinic acid and oligomers. This suggests that the methylgloxal-derived oligomers do not form through the acid catalyzed esterification pathway proposed previously. Using results from these experiments, radical mechanisms responsible for oligomer formation from methylglyoxal oxidation in clouds and wet aerosols are proposed. The importance of acetic acid/acetate as an SOA precursor is also discussed. We hypothesize that this and similar chemistry is central to the daytime formation of oligomers in wet aerosols.

3. Preparation and properties of poly(acrylic acid) oligomer stabilized superparamagnetic ferrofluid.

Lin, Chia-Lung; Lee, Chia-Fen; Chiu, Wen-Yen

2005-11-15

Ferrofluids, which are stable dispersions of magnetic particles, behave as liquids that have strong magnetic properties. Nanoparticles of magnetite with a mean diameter of 10-15 nm, which are in the range of superparamagnetism, are usually prepared by the traditional method of co-precipitation from ferrous and ferric electrolyte solution. When diluted, the ferrofluid dispersions are not stable if anionic or cationic surfactants are used as the stabilizer. This work presents an efficient way to prepare a stable aqueous nanomagnetite dispersion. A stable ferrofluid containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized via co-precipitation in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) oligomer. The mechanism, microstructure, and properties of the ferrofluid were investigated. The results indicate that the PAA oligomers promoted the nucleation and inhibited the growth of the magnetic iron oxide, and the average diameter of each individual Fe3O4 particle was smaller than 10 nm. In addition, the PAA oligomers provided both electrostatic and steric repulsion against particle aggregation, and the stability of dispersions could be controlled by adjusting the pH value of solution. A small amount of Fe2O3 was found in the nanoparticles but the superparamagnetic behavior of the nanoparticles was not affected. PMID:16009367

4. Mechanisms leading to oligomers and SOA through aqueous photooxidation: insights from OH radical oxidation of acetic acid

Y. Tan

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Previous experiments have demonstrated that the aqueous OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal produces low volatility products including oxalate and oligomers. These products are found predominantly in the particle phase in the atmosphere, suggesting that methylglyoxal is a precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA. Acetic acid is an important intermediate in aqueous methylglyoxal oxidation and a ubiquitous product of gas phase photochemistry, making it a potential "aqueous" SOA precursor in its own right. Altieri et al. (2008 proposed that acetic acid was the precursor of oligoesters observed in methylglyoxal oxidation. However, the fate of acetic acid upon aqueous-phase oxidation is not well understood. In this research, acetic acid at concentrations relevant to atmospheric waters (20 μM–10 mM was oxidized by OH radical. Products were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS, and IC-ESI-MS. The formation of glyoxylic, glycolic, and oxalic acids were observed. In contrast to methylglyoxal oxidation, succinic acid and oligomers were not detected. Using results from these and methylglyoxal + OH radical experiments, radical mechanisms responsible for oligomer formation from methylglyoxal oxidation in clouds and wet aerosols are proposed. The importance of acetic acid/acetate as an SOA precursor is also discussed. We hypothesize that this and similar chemistry is central to the daytime formation of oligomers in wet aerosols.

5. Kinetic properties of two Rhizopus exo-polygalacturonase enzymes hydrolyzing galacturonic acid oligomers using isothermal titration calorimetry

The kinetic characteristics of two Rhizopus oryzae exo-polygalacturonases acting on galacturonic acid oligomers (GalpA) were determined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). RPG15 hydrolyzing (GalpA)2 demonstrated a Km of 55 uM and kcat of 10.3 s^-1^ while RPG16 was shown to have greater af...

6. Iodinated hyaluronic acid oligomer-based nanoassemblies for tumor-targeted drug delivery and cancer imaging.

Lee, Jae-Young; Chung, Suk-Jae; Cho, Hyun-Jong; Kim, Dae-Duk

2016-04-01

Nano-sized self-assemblies based on amphiphilic iodinated hyaluronic acid (HA) were developed for use in cancer diagnosis and therapy. 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) was conjugated to an HA oligomer as a computed tomography (CT) imaging modality and a hydrophobic residue. Nanoassembly based on HA-TIBA was fabricated for tumor-targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). Cellular uptake of DOX from nanoassembly, compared to a DOX solution group, was enhanced via an HA-CD44 receptor interaction, and subsequently, the in vitro antitumor efficacy of DOX-loaded nanoassembly was improved in SCC7 (CD44 receptor positive squamous cell carcinoma) cells. Cy5.5, a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye, was attached to the HA-TIBA conjugate and the in vivo tumor targetability of HA-TIBA nanoassembly, which is based on the interaction between HA and CD44 receptor, was demonstrated in a NIRF imaging study using an SCC7 tumor-xenografted mouse model. Tumor targeting and cancer diagnosis with HA-TIBA nanoassembly were verified in a CT imaging study using the SCC7 tumor-xenografted mouse model. In addition to efficient cancer diagnosis using NIRF and CT imaging modalities, improved antitumor efficacies were shown. HA and TIBA can be used to produce HA-TIBA nanoassembly that may be a promising theranostic nanosystem for cancers that express the CD44 receptor. PMID:26874284

7. Solution structure of hyaluronic acid oligomers by experimental and theoretical NMR, and molecular dynamics simulation.

Donati, A; Magnani, A; Bonechi, C; Barbucci, R; Rossi, C

2001-11-01

The conformational properties of hyaluronic acid (HA) oligomers in aqueous solution were investigated by combining high-resolution NMR experimental results, theoretical simulation of NMR two-dimensional (2D) spectra by Complete Relaxation Matrix Analysis (CORMA), and molecular dynamics calculations. New experimental findings recorded for the tetra- and hexasaccharides enabled the stiffness of the HA and its viscoelastic properties to be interpreted. In particular, rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy spectra provided new information about the arrangement of the glycosidic linkage. From (13)C NMR relaxation the rotational correlation time (tau(c)) were determined. The tau(c) were employed in the calculation of geometrical constraints, by using the MARDIGRAS algorithm. Restrained simulated annealing and 1 ns of unrestrained molecular dynamic simulations were performed on the hexasaccharide in a box of 1215 water molecules. The beta(1 --> 3) and beta(1 --> 4) glycosidic links were found to be rigid. The lack of rotational degree of freedom is due to direct and/or water-mediated interresidue hydrogen bonding. Both single or tandem water bridges were found between carboxylate group and N-acetil group. The carboxylate group of glucuronic acid is not involved in a direct link with the amide group of N-acetyl glucosamine and this facilitated bonding between the residue and the water molecules. PMID:11598878

8. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) cell penetrating peptide (CPP) conjugates as carriers for cellular delivery of antisense oligomers

Shiraishi, Takehiko; Nielsen, Peter E

2012-01-01

We have explored the merits of a novel delivery strategy for the antisense oligomers based on cell penetrating peptide (CPP) conjugated to a carrier PNA with sequence complementary to part of the antisense oligomer. The effect of these carrier CPP-PNAs was evaluated by using antisense PNA targeting...... splicing correction of the mutated luciferase gene in the HeLa pLuc705 cell line, reporting cellular (nuclear) uptake of the antisense PNA via luciferase activity measurement. Carrier CPP-PNA constructs were studied in terms of construct modification (with octaarginine and/or decanoic acid) and carrier PNA...... length (to adjust binding affinity). In general, the carrier CPP-PNA constructs including the ones with decanoyl modification provided significant increase of the activity of unmodified antisense PNA as well as of antisense octaarginine-PNA conjugates. Antisense activity, and by inference cellular...

9. High-affinity triplex targeting of double stranded DNA using chemically modified peptide nucleic acid oligomers

Hansen, Mads E; Bentin, Thomas; Nielsen, Peter E

2009-01-01

While sequence-selective dsDNA targeting by triplex forming oligonucleotides has been studied extensively, only very little is known about the properties of PNA-dsDNA triplexes-mainly due to the competing invasion process. Here we show that when appropriately modified using pseudoisocytosine...... substitution, in combination with (oligo)lysine or 9-aminoacridine conjugation, homopyrimidine PNA oligomers bind complementary dsDNA targets via triplex formation with (sub)nanomolar affinities (at pH 7.2, 150 mM Na(+)). Binding affinity can be modulated more than 1000-fold by changes in pH, PNA oligomer...... length, PNA net charge and/or by substitution of pseudoisocytosine for cytosine, and conjugation of the DNA intercalator 9-aminoacridine. Furthermore, 9-aminoacridine conjugation also strongly enhanced triplex invasion. Specificity for the fully matched target versus one containing single centrally...

10. High-affinity triplex targeting of double stranded DNA using chemically modified peptide nucleic acid oligomers

Hansen, Mads E.; Bentin, Thomas; Nielsen, Peter E.

2009-01-01

While sequence-selective dsDNA targeting by triplex forming oligonucleotides has been studied extensively, only very little is known about the properties of PNA–dsDNA triplexes—mainly due to the competing invasion process. Here we show that when appropriately modified using pseudoisocytosine substitution, in combination with (oligo)lysine or 9-aminoacridine conjugation, homopyrimidine PNA oligomers bind complementary dsDNA targets via triplex formation with (sub)nanomolar affinities (at pH 7....

11. Milk minor constituents, enzymes, hormones, growth factors, and organic acids

Rodrigues, L. R.

2013-01-01

Milk and derived products contain essential nutrients, such as proteins, lactose, minerals, vitamins, and enzymes. Additionally, despite of their low concentrations in milk, many other minor constituents present important physiological and/or technological roles (e.g. hormones, growth factors). Dairy industries face many challenges regarding milk processing. Also, the full knowledge on these constituents’ physiological roles and effects on health is still lacking. Technological...

12. Mapping the landscape of potentially primordial informational oligomers: (3'→2')-D-phosphoglyceric acid linked acyclic oligonucleotides tagged with 2,4-disubstituted 5-aminopyrimidines as recognition elements.

Hernández-Rodríguez, Marcos; Xie, Jian; Osornio, Yazmin M; Krishnamurthy, Ramanarayanan

2011-05-01

The (3'→2')-phosphodiester glyceric acid backbone containing an acyclic oligomer tagged with 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidines as alternative recognition elements have been synthesized. Strong cross-pairing of a 2,4-dioxo-5-aminopyrimidine hexamer, rivaling locked nucleic acid (LNA) and peptide nucleic acid (PNA), with complementary adenine-containing DNA and RNA sequences was observed. The corresponding 2,4-diamino- and 2-amino-4-oxo-5-aminopyrimidine-tagged oligomers were synthesized, but difficulties in deprotection, purification, and isolation thwarted further investigations. The acyclic phosphate backbone structure of the protected oligomer seems to be prone to an eliminative degradation owing to the acidic hydrogen at the 2'-position--an arrangement that renders the oligomer vulnerable to the conditions used for the removal of the protecting groups on the heterocyclic recognition element. However, the free oligomers seem to be stable under the conditions investigated. PMID:21387563

13. Optimizing the Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Hyperbranched Poly(Glycerol-diacids) Oligomers

Oligomeric pre-polymers were synthesized by the acid-catalyzed condensation of glycerol with succinic acid, glutaric acid and azelaic acid in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF). The prepolymers were obtained, on average in 84% yield, and were characterized by proton NMR, MALDI-TOF ...

14. The effect of the dietary constituent conjugated linoleic acid and homocysteine on vascular endothelial cell function

Coen, Paul Martin

2004-01-01

The interaction between circulating dietary constituents and the vascular endothelial monolayer is vital to the proper maintenance o f vascular homeostatic mechanisms, such as vasoregulation. Endothelial dysfunction with subsequent loss of vasoregulatory function are implicated in the early stages of atherosclerosis. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and homocysteine are dietary constituents that have been implicated in the aetiology of atherosclerosis. CLA is the collective term used for po...

15. Photo-crosslinked networks prepared from fumaric acid monoethyl ester-functionalized poly(D,L-lactic acid) oligomers and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone for the controlled and sustained release of proteins

Jansen, Janine; Tibbe, Martijn P.; Mihov, George; Feijen, Jan; Grijpma, Dirk W.

2012-01-01

Photo-crosslinked networks were prepared from fumaric acid monoethyl ester-functionalized poly (D,L-lactic acid) oligomers and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Two model proteins, lysozyme and albumin, were incorporated into the network films as solid particles and their release behavior was studied. By varyi

16. Application of CCT Technique to Simulate Vibrational Spectra of Nucleic Acid Oligomers

Andrushchenko, Valery; Bouř, Petr

Lviv : -, 2011. s. 41-41. [Methods and Applications of Computational Chemistry. International Symposium /4./. 28.06.2011-02.07.2011, Lviv] R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP208/10/0559; GA ČR GAP208/11/0105 Grant ostatní: AV ČR(CZ) M200550902 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : IR spectroscopy * VCD spectroscopy * quantum chemistry spectra simulations * Cartesian coordinate transfer (CCT) * nucleic acids Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry

17. Fundamental Interactions between Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Oligomers and Au Nanoparticles: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Karna, Molleshree; Balu, Radhakrishnan; Griep, Mark; Mallick, Govind

2011-03-01

Experimental and theoretical investigations were performed to understand the nature of fundamental interactions between gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and single stranded DNA (ss-DNA). Atomic force microscopic imaging and UV-Visible spectroscopic measurements revealed binding of NPs with ss-DNA under mildly acidic conditions.. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations within the framework of density functional theory provided a possible charge transfer pathway from the DNA base guanine to Au atoms and thus characterizing the interaction as electrostatic. The calculations outline the possible effect of the presence of other bases to guanine mediated charge transfer. Specifically, the presence of an adenine base alters the charge localization at the guanine base and thus prevents charge transfer to NPs.

18. Crystal structure of a partly self-complementary peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomer showing a duplex-triplex network

Petersson, Britt; Nielsen, Bettina Bryde; Rasmussen, Hanne;

2005-01-01

Hoogsteen type. The structural diversity of this PNA demonstrates how the PNA backbone is able to adapt to structures governed by the stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the nucleobases. The crystal structure further shows how PNA oligomers containing limited sequence complementarity may form...

19. Acanthoic acid and other constituents from the stem of Annoma amazonica (Annonaceae)

Pinheiro, Maria Lucia B.; Xavier, Clahildek M.; Souza, Afonso D.L. de; Rabelo, Diego de Moura [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica], e-mail: lbelem@ufam.edu.br; Batista, Cristiane L.; Batista, Regiane L.; Costa, Emmanuel V.; Campos, Francinete R.; Barison, Anderson [Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Centro Politecnico. Dept. de Quimica; Valdez, Rodrigo H.; Ueda-Nakamura, Tania; Nakamura, Celso V. [Universidade Estadual de Maringa (UEM), PR (Brazil). Dept. de Analises Clinicas], e-mail: lbelem@ufam.edu.br

2009-07-01

The present work reports the isolation of acanthoic acid, a promising pimaradiene-type diterpene with several important biological activities described in the literature, from the stems of Annona amazonica. We found that acanthoic acid has significant trypanocidal activity against the epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. This diterpene is the major constituent of the plant, comprising at least 65% of the hexane extract, demonstrating that A. amazonica is a new renewable natural source for this compound. The chemical investigation also resulted in the isolation of the alkaloids liriodenine and cassythicine, and other compounds including terpenes, sterols, and fatty acids. Additionally, the complete and unequivocal {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C NMR chemical shift assignments for cassythicine are provided. (author)

20. Acanthoic acid and other constituents from the stem of Annoma amazonica (Annonaceae)

The present work reports the isolation of acanthoic acid, a promising pimaradiene-type diterpene with several important biological activities described in the literature, from the stems of Annona amazonica. We found that acanthoic acid has significant trypanocidal activity against the epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. This diterpene is the major constituent of the plant, comprising at least 65% of the hexane extract, demonstrating that A. amazonica is a new renewable natural source for this compound. The chemical investigation also resulted in the isolation of the alkaloids liriodenine and cassythicine, and other compounds including terpenes, sterols, and fatty acids. Additionally, the complete and unequivocal 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments for cassythicine are provided. (author)

1. Investigation of the atmospheric behavior of dicarboxylic acids and other polar organic aerosol constituents

The objective of the present work was to improve the present knowledge about the atmospheric behavior of polar organic aerosol constituents with special respect to dicarboxylic acids. To enable the simultaneous determination of polar organic compounds in atmospheric samples like aerosol or precipitation samples (atmospheric hydrometeors) a new GCMS method was developed. Almost all classes of oxygenated organic compounds like mono- and dicarboxylic acids, aldehydes, alcohols or polar aromatic compounds like phthalates could be determined with only one sample preparation scheme. The separation into two classes of organic compounds with different polarity was performed using solid phase extraction. After a sample pre-treatment of the derived fractions, including esterification of the acids and extraction with cyclohexane, the samples were analyzed with a GCMS system. The new method was applied for the analysis of simultaneously collected interstitial aerosol and cloud water samples from a continental background site in Central Europe (Sonnblick Observatory, located at 3106-m elevation in the Austrian Alps). In all samples a large variety of mono- and dicarboxylic acids were identified and quantified, together with some aldehydes, alcohols and aromatic compounds. Using the obtained data set, for the first time in-cloud scavenging efficiencies for dicarboxylic acids, monocarboxylic acids, and other polar organic compounds were calculated. The results were compared to sulfate, which exhibited an average scavenging efficiency of 0.94. In the last part of the present work the results from laboratory and field investigations conducted with the intention to yield an improved sampling technique for the correction of the positive sampling artifact (adsorption of gas phase organics onto the filter substrate) were presented. (author)

2. The impact of hyaluronic acid oligomer content on physical, mechanical, and biologic properties of divinyl sulfone-crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels.

Ibrahim, Samir; Kang, Qian K; Ramamurthi, Anand

2010-08-01

3. Induction of volatile organic compound in the leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum by chitosan oligomer

He Peiqing; Lin Xuezheng; Shen Jihong; Huang Xiaohang; Chen Kaoshan; Li Guangyou

2005-01-01

Induction of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in the leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum by chitosan oligomer elictor was studied. The results demonstrated that VOCs in chitosan oligomer-treated leaves showed stronger inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea than that in water-treated leaves, and the spore germination was reduced by 22.1% in 144h after elicitor treatment at a concentration of 1.0%. A total of 16 constituents were detected in water-treated leaves, and chitosan oligomer treatment increased the amount of VOCs production. Chitosan oligomer at different concentration and different time courses of induction treatment could induce different amount of VOCs. Chitosan oligomer resulted in an optimal production of VOCs in 144h after elicitation at concentration of 0.6%. Chitosan oligomer also enhanced activtity of PAL and LOX. The results showed that the enhancement of VOCs production after chitosan oligomer treatment might be an important agent for L.esculentum acquiring resistance against pathogen.

4. Electrorheology of aniline oligomers

Mrlík, M.; Sedlačík, M.; Pavlínek, V.; Bober, Patrycja; Trchová, Miroslava; Stejskal, Jaroslav; Sáha, P.

2013-01-01

Roč. 291, č. 9 (2013), s. 2079-2086. ISSN 0303-402X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/09/1626 Institutional support: RVO:61389013 Keywords : anilin e oligomers * polyaniline * electrorheology Subject RIV: JI - Composite Materials Impact factor: 2.410, year: 2013

5. Radiation curable oligomers

A process is described for the high energy radiation curing of oligomers for use as coatings. The method is particularly applicable to the reaction products of certain low molecular weight epoxy compounds and certain low molecular weight mono-hydroxy vinyl compounds having at least one vinylic unsaturation. The curable mixture is applied as a thin film and cured very quickly

6. Fatty acid constituents of Peganum harmala plant using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy.

Moussa, Tarek A A; Almaghrabi, Omar A

2016-05-01

7. Aniline oligomers versus polyaniline

Stejskal, Jaroslav; Trchová, Miroslava

2012-01-01

Roč. 61, č. 2 (2012), s. 240-251. ISSN 0959-8103 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA400500905; GA AV ČR IAA100500902; GA ČR GA203/08/0686; GA ČR GA202/09/1626 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Keywords : polyaniline * anilin e oligomers * anilin e Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry Impact factor: 2.125, year: 2012

8. Aniline oligomers versus polyaniline

Stejskal, Jaroslav; Trchová, Miroslava

Strasbourg : InESS, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 2011. s. 69. [Congrés Matériaux et Nanostructures .pi.-conjugués 2011 - MNPC 11. 03.10.2011-07.10.2011, Obernai] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/09/1626 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Keywords : anilin e oligomers * conducting polymer * polyaniline microspheres Subject RIV: BK - Fluid Dynamics

9. 香青兰酚酸性化学成分的研究%Phenolic Acid Constituents from Dracocephalum moldavica

吴小军; 宋建晓; 赵爱华; 贾伟

2011-01-01

从香青兰(Dracocephalum moldavica L.)乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到8个酚酸性化合物,经过理化性质、波谱分析及文献对照,分别鉴定为amburoside A(1)、阿魏酸(2)、咖啡酸(3)、迷迭香酸(4)、迷迭香酸甲酯(5)、木犀草素(6)、山奈酚(7)和β-胡萝卜苷(8).其中化合物1～5为首次从该植物中分离得到.%To investigate the Phenolic acid constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L, eight compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The compound structures were identified as amburoside A ( 1 ), ferulic acid ( 2 ), caffeic acid (3), rosmarinic acid ( 4 ), methyl rosmarinate ( 5 ), luteolin ( 6 ),kaempferol (7) ,and β-daucosterol (8) based on their spectral data. Among them,compounds 1-5 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

10. Effects of Exogenous Indole Butyric Acid and Callus Formation on the Anti-oxidant Activity, Total Phenolic, and Anthocyanin Constituents of Mulberry Cuttings

2006-01-01

In order to evaluate the effects of exogenous indole butyric acid (IBA) and callus formation on the antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and anthocyanin constituents of Morus nigra L. and M. alba L. cuttings, we investigated the variations before and after the treatment. The results indicate that anti-oxidant ability, total phenolic, and anthocyanin constituents of the callus stems of both Morus species were higher than those of non-callus forming species. There were also increases observed in anti-oxidant ability, total phenolic,and anthocyanin constituents of calli treated with IBA (1 000-3 000 mg/L).

11. Icariin, a major constituent from Epimedium brevicornum, attenuates ibotenic acid-induced excitotoxicity in rat hippocampus.

Zong, Nan; Li, Fei; Deng, Yuanyuan; Shi, Jingshan; Jin, Feng; Gong, Qihai

2016-10-15

Excitotoxicity is one of the most extensively studied causes of neuronal death and plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Icariin is a flavonoid component of a traditional Chinese medicine reported to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of icariin against learning and memory impairment induced by excitotoxicity. Here, we demonstrated that rats receiving intracerebroventricular injection of excitatory neurotoxin ibotenic acid exhibited impaired learning and memory. Oral administration of icariin at doses of 20 and 40mg/kg rescued behavioral performance and protected against neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus by suppressing ibotenic acid induced pro-apoptosis. Furthermore, Western blott of hippocampal specimens revealed that icariin up-regulated the expression of calbindin-D28k protein following ibotenic acid administration. Additionally, icariin inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, implicating the MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling pathways were involved in the mechanism underlying icariin-mediated neuroprotection against ibotenic acid-induced excitotoxicity. These data suggested that icariin could be a potential agent for treatment of excitotoxicity-related diseases, including AD. PMID:27368415

12. Oxygen uptake in the radiolysis of aqueous solutions of nucleic acids and their constituents

G (O2 uptake) has been measured for 27 compounds in N2O/O2 (4:1)- saturated solutions using an oxygen sensitive electrode. G (O2 uptake) (measured at 200C and dose rate of 0.4 Gy s-1) for isopropanol (3.0), sodium formate (3.0), D-glucose (3.2), 2deoxy-D-ribose (3.0), t-butanol (4.2) and diethyl ether (4.5) were found to be in agreement with the expectation based on product yields and/or known mechanisms. High O2 uptake was observed with polyethyleneoxide (10.2), which increases with decreasing dose rate and/or increasing temperature (G(O2 uptake) = 40 at 0.04 Gy s-1 and 500C). These results are explained by assuming a chain reaction. The nucleotides 5'-thymidylic acid (4.4), 5'-deoxy-cytidylic acid (4.8), 5'-deoxyadenylic acid (1.9) and 5'-deoxyguanylic acid (1.6) show that the pyrimidine derivatives consume considerably more oxygen than the purine derivatives. Analogous results are obtained with the nucleobases and nucleosides. The pyrimidine-purine difference is even more pronounced in the corresponding polymer, poly U (21) and poly A (3.5). The large value of poly U shows that a significant contribution of a chain reaction is present. G(O2 uptake) for DNA is dose-rate, temperature and concentration-dependent. The O2 uptake for single-stranded DNA (6.8) and double-stranded DNA (4.6) is higher than for an equivalent mixture of nucleotides (3.2). These results indicate that in DNA also a short chain reaction takes place. (author)

13. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity and major fatty acid constituents of Amazonian native flora oils

Raquel da Silva Teixeira; Paula Rafaela Rocha; Hudson Caetano Polonini; Marcos Antônio Fernandes Brandão; Maria das Graças Afonso Miranda Chaves; Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo

2012-01-01

In order to treat hyperpigmentation-related problems, there has been a global trend in developing cosmetics claiming to have skin-whitening properties, which act by inhibiting melanin biosynthesis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity of five Amazonian native flora oils, and so to verify the possibility of their incorporation into cosmetic products. In addition, the fatty acid composition of the essential oils was determined by gas ch...

14. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity and major fatty acid constituents of Amazonian native flora oils

Raquel da Silva Teixeira

2012-09-01

Full Text Available In order to treat hyperpigmentation-related problems, there has been a global trend in developing cosmetics claiming to have skin-whitening properties, which act by inhibiting melanin biosynthesis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity of five Amazonian native flora oils, and so to verify the possibility of their incorporation into cosmetic products. In addition, the fatty acid composition of the essential oils was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection in order to determine the main components of these oils. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the tested oils was found to be in the following order: açaí (IA50 = 66.08 µg mL-1 > tucumã > patauá > pracaxi > castanha do Brasil. This study suggests that açaí oil has great potential in the treatment of hyperpigmentation and other related disorders, due to its considerable tyrosinase inhibitory activity.Com o intuito de se tratar problemas dermatológicos de hiperpigmentação, há uma tendência mundial no desenvolvimento de cosméticos que possuam propriedades despigmentantes, os quais agem inibindo a biossíntese de melanina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a atividade de inibição da tirosinase de cogumelo de cinco óleos de plantas nativas da Amazônia e, desta forma, verificar a possibilidade de sua incorporação em produtos cosméticos. Ainda, a composição de ácidos graxos dos óleos foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa com detecção por ionização de chama, no intuito de determinar os principais componentes destes óleos. A atividade de inibição da tirosinase dos óleos testados foi encontrada na seguinte ordem: açaí (IA50 = 66,08 µg mL-1 > tucumã > patauá > pracaxi > castanha do Brasil. Este estudo sugere que o óleo de açaí possui grande potencial para o tratamento da hiperpigmentação cutânea e doenças correlatas, devido à sua considerável atividade de inibi

15. A comparison of simultaneous plasma, atomic absorption, and iron colorimetric determinations of major and trace constituents in acid mine waters

Ball, J.W.; Nordstrom, D.K.

1994-01-01

Sixty-three water samples collected during June to October 1982 from the Leviathan/Bryant Creek drainage basin were originally analyzed by simultaneous multielement direct-current plasma (DCP) atomic-emission spectrometry, flame atomic-absorption spectrometry, graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) (thallium only), ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, and hydride-generation atomic-absorption spectrometry.Determinations were made for the following metallic and semi-metallic constituents: AI, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe(11), Fe(total), Li, Pb, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, K, Sb, Se, Si, Na, Sr, TI, V, and Zn. These samples were re-analyzed later by simultaneous multielement inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic-emission spectrometry and Zeeman-corrected GFAAS to determine the concentrations of many of the same constituents with improved accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. The result of this analysis has been the generation of comparative concentration values for a significant subset of the solute constituents. Many of the more recently determined values replace less-than-detection values for the trace metals; others constitute duplicate analyses for the major constituents. The multiple determinations have yielded a more complete, accurate, and precise set of analytical data. They also have resulted in an opportunity to compare the performance of the plasma-emission instruments operated in their respective simultaneous multielement modes. Flame atomic-absorption spectrometry was judged best for Na and K and hydride-generation atomic-absorption spectrometry was judged best for As because of their lower detection limit and relative freedom from interelement spectral effects. Colorimetric determination using ferrozine as the color agent was judged most accurate, precise, and sensitive for Fe. Cadmium, lead, and vanadium concentrations were too low in this set of samples to enable a determination of whether ICP or DCP is a more suitable technique. Of

16. Quality of Norwegian cucumbers: effect of greenhouse praxis on taste and taste related constituents, and GC-FID analysis on content of fatty acids and aldehydes

Johnsen, Linda Renate

2014-01-01

Earlier studies have shown that sugars (SSC), salts (EC) and the relationships between sugars/salts and sugars/acids (TTA- total titratable acids) may impact taste in cucumber. In this study, the impacts of environmental conditions in greenhouses on appearance, taste, and content of taste related constituents in cucumber are examined. Cucumber were sampled from eight different greenhouses, and analyzed regarding appearance of morphological featur...

17. PIPERIDINE OLIGOMERS AND COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES THEREOF

1999-01-01

The present invention relates to piperidine oligomers, methods for the preparation of piperidine oligomers and compound libraries thereof, and the use of piperidine oligomers as drug substances. The present invention also relates to the use of combinatorial libraries of piperidine oligomers for...... libraries (arrays) of compounds especially suitable for screening purposes....

18. Conformation dependent monoclonal antibodies distinguish different replicating strains or conformers of prefibrillar Aβ oligomers

Yeung Stephen

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Age-related neurodegenerative diseases share a number of important pathological features, such as accumulation of misfolded proteins as amyloid oligomers and fibrils. Recent evidence suggests that soluble amyloid oligomers and not the insoluble amyloid fibrils may represent the primary pathological species of protein aggregates. Results We have produced several monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize prefibrillar oligomers and do not recognize amyloid fibrils, monomer or natively folded proteins. Like the polyclonal antisera, the individual monoclonals recognize generic epitopes that do not depend on a specific linear amino acid sequence, but they display distinct preferences for different subsets of prefibrillar oligomers. Immunological analysis of a number of different prefibrillar Aβ oligomer preparations show that structural polymorphisms exist in Aβ prefibrillar oligomers that can be distinguished on the basis of their reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. Western blot analysis demonstrates that the conformers defined by the monoclonal antibodies have distinct size distributions, indicating that oligomer structure varies with size. The different conformational types of Aβ prefibrillar oligomers can serve as they serve as templates for monomer addition, indicating that they seed the conversion of Aβ monomer into more prefibrillar oligomers of the same type. Conclusions These results indicate that distinct structural variants or conformers of prefibrillar Aβ oligomers exist that are capable of seeding their own replication. These conformers may be analogous to different strains of prions.

19. Effect of dietary supplementation of gallic acid on nitrogen balance, nitrogen excretion pattern and urinary nitrogenous constituents in beef cattle.

Wei, Chen; Yang, Kai; Zhao, Guangyong; Lin, Shixin; Xu, Zhiwei

2016-10-01

The objective of the trial was to study the effects of dietary supplementation of gallic acid (GA) on nitrogen (N) balance, N excretion pattern and urinary N constituents in beef cattle. In a 4 × 4 Latin square design, four male 30-month-old Simmental cattle (443 ± 22 kg live weight) received four levels of GA (purity ≥ 98.5%), i.e. 0, 5.3, 10.5, 21.1 g/kg DM, added to a basal ration. Each experimental period lasted 17 d, consisting of 12 d adaptation and 5 d sampling. The results showed that supplementation of GA at 5.3, 10.5 or 21.1 g/kg DM did not affect the N balance but regulated the N excretion pattern by increasing the ratio of faecal N/urinary N and decreasing the ratio of urinary urea N/total urinary N in beef cattle fed at maintenance level. PMID:27494638

20. MALDI-FTMS for the characterization of ultraviolet and X-ray damage to nucleic acid constituents

Both low energy (far-ultraviolet) and high energy (X-ray) radiation can cause DNA damage by inducing strand breaks, base modifications, and sugar alternations. These changes may lead to mutations and ultimately cell death if they cannot be biologically repaired. It is therefore necessary to characterize both the identities (at the isomeric level) and the abundances of the radiation-induced products to probe the nature of DNA damage in these cases. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectroscopy (MALDI-FTMS) is well-suited for the direct detection and characterization of radiation-induced damage to nucleic acid constituents, including oligonucleotides. This technique eliminates the need to hydrolyze and derivatize the samples prior to mass analysis, thereby reducing the possibility of modifying the sample after irradiation. The accurate mass measurement and ion trapping capabilities of FTMS permit the detailed examination of the structures of these products. Reverse phase liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used to purify irradiated samples prior to mass analysis to quantitate the dose dependent formation of products after they have been identified by mass spectrometry

1. Preparation of Chito-Oligomers by Hydrolysis of Chitosan in the Presence of Zeolite as Adsorbent

Khalid A. Ibrahim

2016-07-01

Full Text Available An increasing interest has recently been shown to use chitin/chitosan oligomers (chito-oligomers in medicine and food fields because they are not only water-soluble, nontoxic, and biocompatible materials, but they also exhibit numerous biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities, as well as immuno-enhancing effects on animals. Conventional depolymerization methods of chitosan to chito-oligomers are either chemical by acid-hydrolysis under harsh conditions or by enzymatic degradation. In this work, hydrolysis of chitosan to chito-oligomers has been achieved by applying adsorption-separation technique using diluted HCl in the presence of different types of zeolite as adsorbents. The chito-oligomers were retrieved from adsorbents and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS, and ninhydrin test.

2. Preparation of Chito-Oligomers by Hydrolysis of Chitosan in the Presence of Zeolite as Adsorbent.

Ibrahim, Khalid A; El-Eswed, Bassam I; Abu-Sbeih, Khaleel A; Arafat, Tawfeeq A; Al Omari, Mahmoud M H; Darras, Fouad H; Badwan, Adnan A

2016-01-01

An increasing interest has recently been shown to use chitin/chitosan oligomers (chito-oligomers) in medicine and food fields because they are not only water-soluble, nontoxic, and biocompatible materials, but they also exhibit numerous biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities, as well as immuno-enhancing effects on animals. Conventional depolymerization methods of chitosan to chito-oligomers are either chemical by acid-hydrolysis under harsh conditions or by enzymatic degradation. In this work, hydrolysis of chitosan to chito-oligomers has been achieved by applying adsorption-separation technique using diluted HCl in the presence of different types of zeolite as adsorbents. The chito-oligomers were retrieved from adsorbents and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS), and ninhydrin test. PMID:27455287

3. Green approach to corrosion inhibition of mild steel in two acidic solutions by the extract of Punica granatum peel and main constituents

Behpour, M., E-mail: m.behpour@kashanu.ac.ir [Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. 87317-51167 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Ghoreishi, S.M.; Khayatkashani, M. [Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. 87317-51167 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Soltani, N. [Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), 19395-4697 Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2012-01-05

Graphical abstract: Ellagic acid (EA) and tannic acid (TA) were studied as corrosion inhibitors. The electron density HOMO and LUMO of EA and TA were used to explain difference in behavior of them. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The extract of Punica granatum (PG) and their main constituent (ellagic acid (EA)) are found to be good inhibitors for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and 2 M HCl. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The electrochemical inhibitive mechanism is explained by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The adsorption of ALLOX on mild steel surface was found to accord with the Temkin adsorption isotherm. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 2 M HCl and 1 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} without and with the PG extract was studied. - Abstract: The effect of the extract of Punica granatum (PG) and their main constituents involve ellagic acid (EA) and tannic acid (TA), as mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 2 M HCl and 1 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} solutions was investigated by weight loss measurements. The results obtained from the weight loss measurements show that the inhibition efficiency of TA even in high concentration is very low. Thus, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigations were used for different concentrations of PG and EA and best concentration of TA. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that PG and EA behave as mixed-type inhibitors. EIS measurements show an increase of the transfer resistance with increasing inhibitor concentration. The temperature effect on the corrosion behavior of steel without and with the PG extract was studied. The inhibition action of the extract was discussed in view of Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

4. Green approach to corrosion inhibition of mild steel in two acidic solutions by the extract of Punica granatum peel and main constituents

Graphical abstract: Ellagic acid (EA) and tannic acid (TA) were studied as corrosion inhibitors. The electron density HOMO and LUMO of EA and TA were used to explain difference in behavior of them. Highlights: ► The extract of Punica granatum (PG) and their main constituent (ellagic acid (EA)) are found to be good inhibitors for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 and 2 M HCl. ► The electrochemical inhibitive mechanism is explained by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results. ► The adsorption of ALLOX on mild steel surface was found to accord with the Temkin adsorption isotherm. ► The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 without and with the PG extract was studied. - Abstract: The effect of the extract of Punica granatum (PG) and their main constituents involve ellagic acid (EA) and tannic acid (TA), as mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated by weight loss measurements. The results obtained from the weight loss measurements show that the inhibition efficiency of TA even in high concentration is very low. Thus, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigations were used for different concentrations of PG and EA and best concentration of TA. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that PG and EA behave as mixed-type inhibitors. EIS measurements show an increase of the transfer resistance with increasing inhibitor concentration. The temperature effect on the corrosion behavior of steel without and with the PG extract was studied. The inhibition action of the extract was discussed in view of Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

5. Effect of humic constituents on the transformation of chlorinated phenols and anilines in the presence of oxidoreductive enzymes or birnessite

Park, J.W.; Dec, J.; Bollag, J.M. (Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)); Kim, J.E. (Kyngpook National Univ., Taegu (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry)

1999-06-15

Chlorinated phenols and anilines are transformed and detoxified in soil through oxidative coupling reactions mediated by enzymes or metal oxides. The reactions may be influences by humic constituents, such as syringaldehyde or catechol, that originate from lignin decomposition and are also subject to oxidative coupling. In this study, the effect of humic constituents on xenobiotic transformation was evaluated in vitro based on the determination of unreacted chlorophenols and chloroanilines. In experiments with peroxidase, laccase, and birnessite, the transformation of most chlorophenols was considerably enhanced by the addition of syringaldehyde. Less enhancement was observed using 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and the addition of catechol resulted in a reduction of most transformations. The opposite was observed in experiments with tyrosinase, in which case catechol caused considerable enhancement of chlorophenol transformation. The varying effect of catechol can be explained by different transformation mechanisms involving either o-quinone coupling or free radical coupling. Regardless of the agent used to mediate the reactions, chloroanilines seemed to undergo nucleophilic addition to quinone oligomers, which resulted from coupling of the humic constituents. Catechol, which readily forms quinones and quinone oligomers, was most efficient in enhancing these reactions.

6. Caffeoylquinic Acids Are Major Constituents with Potent Anti-Influenza Effects in Brazilian Green Propolis Water Extract

Tomohiko Urushisaki; Tomoaki Takemura; Shigemi Tazawa; Mayuko Fukuoka; Junji Hosokawa-Muto; Yoko Araki; Kazuo Kuwata

2011-01-01

Influenza A viral infections reached pandemic levels in 1918, 1957, 1968, and, most recently, in 2009 with the emergence of the swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus. The development of novel therapeutics or prophylactics for influenza virus infection is urgently needed. We examined the evaluation of the anti-influenza virus (A/WSN/33 (H1N1)) activity of Brazilian green propolis water extract (PWE) and its constituents by cell viability and real-time PCR assays. Our findings showed strong eviden...

7. Synthesis and properties of photo-curable silicone (meth)acrylate oligomers

Photo-curable resins are widely used in various applications such as coatings, adhesives and inks, due to their high efficiencies, environmental friendly technology and saving of energy. Silicone (meth) acrylate oligomers offer an excellent slip property because of their low surface tension. In addition, they can enhance other properties like chemical resistance and heat resistance. In this research, photo-curable silicone (meth) acrylate oligomers are prepared from modified PDMS (polydimethyl siloxane) polyols, diisocyanate, carboxylic acid and hydroxyl (meth) acrylate to evaluate basic property of these oligomers. (Author)

8. Effect of abscisic acid on biochemical constituents, enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. under varied irrigation regimes

Mohamed A. Al Muhairi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Economically important vegetable crop lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. of family Asteraceae was selected for the present investigation. It is being cultivated in UAE due to its commercial importance. In lettuce cultivation, the major problem is the requirement of large quantities of irrigation water. The present study was aimed to reduce the water consumption of lettuce cultivation; for that, a varied irrigation regime was used with the application of abscisic acid (ABA. The parameters studied were biochemical constituents, antioxidant potential and antioxidant enzymes’ activities in lettuce plants under drought stress and its response to ABA under stress. Drought stress caused an increase in the biochemical constituents like proline and amino acid contents when compared with control and also increased under individual ABA treatments and treatments under drought stress. The non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules like ascorbate and α-tocopherol showed significant increase under drought condition in lettuce. ABA slightly reduced these contents. The antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase showed significant increase under drought condition and ABA caused significant enhancement in these antioxidant enzymes under drought stress and also in unstressed conditions, thereby protecting the plants from the deleterious effects of drought stress. From the results of this investigation, it can be concluded that ABA in 10 mg g−1 can be used as a potential tool to minimise the drought stress effects in lettuce cultivation.

9. Oxymer - a new class of aliphatic polycarbonate oligomers improving the properties of radiation curable systems

In this paper a new class of aliphatic polycarbonate oligomers that greatly improves the properties of radiation curable systems is presented. Through the use of these oligomers hydrolytic stability and outdoor durability can be achieved without compromising any other aspect of the coating performance making it deal for many interior as well as exterior applications such as automotive coatings and UV adhesives. In addition, the chemical constituents of this new class of aliphatic polycarbonates awards low surface energy making them suitable for coating of low surface energy substrates e.g within the field of graphic arts. (Author)

10. 端羟基聚乳酸低聚物的制备与性能研究%Preparation and Properties of Hydroxyl Terminated Polylactic Acid Oligomer

张苗苗; 常军; 杨超; 张恒; 许贺

2015-01-01

以左旋乳酸和1，4－丁二醇为原料，氯化亚锡（SnCl2・2H2O）和辛酸亚锡（Sn（OCT）2）为催化剂通过熔融缩聚法合成端羟基聚乳酸（HO－PLLA－OH）。熔融缩聚反应工艺条件为：0．1％SnCl2・2H2O（mol％）和0．1％Sn（OCt）2（mol％），聚合温度控制在180℃，反应时间为10 h，并采用红外光谱（IR）、核磁共振谱（1H－NMR），测得产物黏均分子量（Mη）为9528，差示扫描热分析（ DSC）等手段对聚合物的热性能进行了研究。低聚物在缓冲液中20天失重率为43．1％。%L-lactic acid and 1,4-butanediol were used to synthesize hydroxyl terminated PLLA( HO-PLLA-OH) by melt polycondensation with stannous chloride and stannous octoate as catalyst.The polymerization conditions was attributed as follows:the dose of SnCl2・ 2H2 O and Sn(OCT)2 reached 0.1%, polymerization temperature was 180℃, polymerization time was 10 h.The synthesized HO-PLLA-OH was detected by infrared spectroscopy ( IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR).The viscosity-average molecular weight was exceeded 9528 detected by ubbelohde viscometer, and the thermal perproty was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).Weight loss of HO-PLLA-OH was 43.1%in 20 days.

11. Cellulose oligomers production and separation for the synthesis of new fully bio-based amphiphilic compounds.

Billès, Elise; Onwukamike, Kelechukwu N; Coma, Véronique; Grelier, Stéphane; Peruch, Frédéric

2016-12-10

Cellulose oligomers are water-soluble, on the contrary to cellulose, which greatly increase their application range. In this study, cellulose oligomers were obtained from the acidic hydrolysis of cellulose with phosphoric acid. The global yield in water-soluble oligomers was around 23% with polymerization degree (DP) ranging from 1 to 12. The cellulose oligomers DP distribution was successfully reduced by differential solubilisation in methanol as one of the goals of this work was to avoid the use of a time-consuming full chromatographic separation. The methanol-soluble oligomers were mainly low DP (≤3). The oligomers of higher molar mass, composed of 42% of cellotetraose and 36% of cellopentaose, were then functionalized and coupled with stearic acid through azide-alkyne click chemistry to obtain amphiphilic compounds. The self-assembly of these new bio-based compounds was finally investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their critical micellar concentration (CMC) was found to be in the same range as alkylmaltosides and alkylglucosides. PMID:27577903

12. Ferroelectric and dielectric properties of electroactive oligomers and nanocomposites

Kraemer, Kristin L.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers have been well established as ferroelectric polymers. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties for vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer thin films were investigated. By synthesizing oligomers instead of long polymer chains, films with higher crystalinity can be formed and the locations of oligomers can be controlled for applications such as molecular electronics. Evidence of ferroelectricity was observed in oligomer thin films evaporated onto room temperature substrates and by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition. Voltage and frequency dependence of the capacitance was measured. Oligomers functionalized with phosphonic acid formed self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on aluminum and mica substrates. Film thickness was measured by ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The time dependence on film growth was measured for SAMs on mica substrates by AFM. The islands had already formed by 1 minute, and by 1 hour film was continuous. Additionally, studies were performed on composite dielectric systems with the goal of fabricating high energy density dielectrics containing nanoparticles with an organic shell. The first two types of samples had barium titante nanoparticles coated with functionalized alkanes or VDF oligomers. The first sample type consisted of coated nanoparticles embedded in a PVDF copolymer or terpolymer spin-coated film. At low particle concentrations, the matrix properties dominated the electrical measurements while at high concentrations, the samples were electrically fragile. The second sample type consisted of alternating layers of LB terpolymer and LB nanoparticles. These samples allowed for high particle concentrations while maintaining the high breakdown strength of the polymer layers. The final type of sample was titanium dioxide nanoparticles formed by cluster deposition and coated with an evaporated paraffin or VDF oligomer. These samples tended to have low breakdown strengths and poor

13. Effect of blanching, dehydration method and temperature on the ascorbic acid, colour, sliminess and other constituents of okra fruit.

Inyang, U E; Ike, C I

1998-03-01

Freshly harvested okra fruits were blanched in boiling water (with or without 0.2% sodium metablsulphite salt) and the effect of this treatment, dehydration methods and temperature on certain characteristics of okra investigated. Blanching resulted in the slight decrease in carbohydrate, fat, ash, colour components, ascorbic acid and viscosity. Besides this initial loss, blanching in sulphite solution led to the retention of more of the colour components and ascorbic acid during dehydration. All dehydrated okra samples had higher contents of carbohydrate, fat and ash but lesser contents of protein and ascorbic acid than fresh okra. Fresh okra fruits, on the other hand, had higher content of the colour pigments and were more viscous than all dehydrated products. Samples blanched prior to dehydration retained more of the colour components but were less viscous than unblanched samples. Vacuum dehydrated samples retained more ascorbic acid, colour pigment and mucilage at each of the dehydration temperatures than those from a hot air oven. High dehydration temperatures had negative effect on the colour, ascorbic acid and viscosity of okra. PMID:9713583

14. 蝉翼藤茎中有机酸成分的研究%Organic Acid Constituents from the Stem of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.

杨学东; 徐丽珍; 杨世林

2001-01-01

Objective:To investigate the organic acid constituents from the stem of Securidaca inappendiculata.Method:Column chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents.The structures were elucidated by spectra analysis.Result:Five compounds were isolated and identified as ferulic acid（Ⅰ）, cinnamic acid（Ⅱ）, palmic acid（Ⅲ）, salicylic acid（Ⅳ） and benzoic acid（Ⅴ）.Conclusion:Compounds Ⅰ～Ⅳ were isolated from the plant for the first time.%目的：对蝉翼藤茎中有机酸成分进行化学研究。方法：各种色谱技术进行分离纯化，理化性质和光谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果：分离得到5个有机酸类化合物，分别鉴定为阿魏酸(Ⅰ)、肉桂酸(Ⅱ)、棕榈酸(Ⅲ)、水杨酸(Ⅳ) 和苯甲酸(Ⅴ)。结论：化合物Ⅰ～Ⅳ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。

15. Prion protein oligomer and its neurotoxicity

Pei Huang; Fulin Lian; Yi Wen; Chenyun Guo; Donghai Lin

2013-01-01

The prion diseases,also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,are fatal neurodegenerative disorders.According to the 'protein only' hypothesis,the key molecular event in the pathogenesis of prion disease is the conformational conversion of the host-derived cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a misfolded form (scrapie PrP,prpSc).Increasing evidence has shown that the most infectious factor is the smaller subfibrillar oligomers formed by prion proteins.Both the prion oligomer and PrPSc are rich in β-sheet structure and resistant to the proteolysis of proteinase K.The prion oligomer is soluble in physiologic environments whereas PrPSc is insoluble.Various prion oligomers are formed in different conditions.Prion oligomers exhibited more neurotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo than the fibrillar forms of PrPSc,implying that prion oligomers could be potential drug targets for attacking prion diseases.In this article,we describe recent experimental evidence regarding prion oligomers,with a special focus on prion oligomer formation and its neurotoxicity.

16. E.S.R. of spin-trapped radicals in gamma-irradiated polycrystalline nucleic acid constituents and their halogenated derivatives

17. Effects of protein deficiency on the rate of radioactivity loss from body constituents in adult rats given 14C-amino acids

The effect of protein deficiency on the rate of loss of radioactivity from body constituents was studied in adult rats administered 14C-Chlorella protein hydrolysate or 14C-lysine. Rats were kept on a protein-free diet for 3 weeks and then injected with labelled amino acids and fed on a protein-free diet for 3 more days to allow 14C deposition in tissues. Then they were given experimental diets (protein-free diet, 1% and 10% wheat gluten diets pair-fed with the protein-free diet, and 10% wheat gluten diet ad libitum) for 7 days and sacrificed. The rates of loss of radioactivity from tissue proteins became low in general with the extent of protein deficiency. This increased capacity of tissues to retain 14C-amino acids may result from higher efficiency of protein utilization in protein deficiency. The reutilization of free amino acids and the rate of catabolism of tissue protein are discussed on the basis of the results. The half-life of muscle protein was too long to observe the effects of experimental diets given for 7 days on the rate of loss of radioactivity. (auth.)

18. Justification for Selecting Level A vs. Level B Personal Protective Equipment to Remediate a Room Containing Concentrated Acids, Bases and Radiological Constituents

Selecting the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is based on providing an adequate level of employee protection relative to the task-specific conditions and hazards. PPE is categorized into four ensembles, based on the degree of protection afforded; e.g., Levels A (most restrictive), B, C, and D (least restrictive). What is often overlooked in preparing an ensemble is that the PPE itself can create significant worker hazards; i.e., the greater the level of PPE, the greater the associated risks. Furthermore, there is confusion as to whether a more ''conservative approach'' should always be taken since Level B provides the same level of respiratory protection as Level A but less skin protection. This paper summarizes the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations addressing Level A versus Level B, and provides justification for selecting Level B over Level A without under-protecting the employee during a particular remediation scenario. The scenario consisted of an entry team performing (1) an initial entry into a room containing concentrated acids (e.g., hydrofluoric acid), bases, and radiological constituents; (2) sampling and characterizing container contents; and (3) retrieving characterized containers. The invasive nature of the hydrofluoric acid sampling and characterization scenario created a high potential for splash, immersion, and exposure to hazardous vapors, requiring additional skin protection. The hazards associated with this scenario and the chemical nature of hydrofluoric acid provided qualitative evidence to justify Level A. Once the hydrofluoric acid was removed from the room, PPE performance was evaluated against the remaining chemical inventory. If chemical breakthrough from direct contact was not expected to occur and instrument readings confirmed the absence of any hazardous vapors, additional skin protection afforded by wearing a vapor-tight, totally-encapsulated suit was not required. Therefore, PPE performance and

19. Protective Effect of Safranal, a Constituent of Crocus sativus, on Quinolinic Acid-induced Oxidative Damage in Rat Hippocampus

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Objective(s: Quinolinic acid (QA-mediated excitotoxicity has been widely used as a model for studying neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies suggested that saffron (Crocus sativus or its active metabolite, i.e. safranal, exerts pharmacological actions on central nervous system including anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect safranal pretreatment on QA-induced oxidative damage in rat hippocampus. Materials and Methods: Under anesthesia, a guide cannula was stereotaxically inserted into left ventral hippocampus of rats. The rats were then given either saline or safranal (72.75, 145.5, and 291 mg/kg, IP 30 min before administration of QA (300 nmol, intrahippocampal injection. The markers of oxidative stress including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, as an index of lipid preoxidation, total sulfhydryl groups, antioxidant capacity of hippocampus (using FRAP assay, and oxidative DNA damage (%tail DNA, using comet assay were measured in hippocampus. Results: The QA induced a significant increase in TBARS levels and %tail DNA and remarkable decrease in antioxidant power (FRAP value and total sulfhydryl content of hippocampus, in comparison with control animals. Systemic administration of safranal (291 mg/kg, IP, effectively and dose-dependently decreased the QA-induced lipid peroxidation (P

20. Resolving the bulk δ 15N values of ancient human and animal bone collagen via compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of constituent amino acids

Styring, Amy K.; Sealy, Judith C.; Evershed, Richard P.

2010-01-01

Stable nitrogen isotope analysis is a fundamental tool in assessing dietary preferences and trophic positions within contemporary and ancient ecosystems. In order to assess more fully the dietary contributions to human tissue isotope values, a greater understanding of the complex biochemical and physiological factors which underpin bulk collagen δ 15N values is necessary. Determinations of δ 15N values of the individual amino acids which constitute bone collagen are necessary to unravel these relationships, since different amino acids display different δ 15N values according to their biosynthetic origins. A range of collagen isolates from archaeological faunal and human bone ( n = 12 and 11, respectively), representing a spectrum of terrestrial and marine protein origins and diets, were selected from coastal and near-coastal sites at the south-western tip of Africa. The collagens were hydrolysed and δ 15N values of their constituent amino acids determined as N-acetylmethyl esters (NACME) via gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). The analytical approach employed accounts for 56% of bone collagen nitrogen. Reconstruction of bulk bone collagen δ 15N values reveals a 2‰ offset from bulk collagen δ 15N values which is attributable to the δ 15N value of the amino acids which cannot currently be determined by GC-C-IRMS, notably arginine which comprises 53% of the nitrogen unaccounted for (23% of the total nitrogen). The δ 15N values of individual amino acids provide insights into both the contributions of various amino acids to the bulk δ 15N value of collagen and the factors influencing trophic position and the nitrogen source at the base of the food web. The similarity in the δ 15N values of alanine, glutamate, proline and hydroxyproline reflects the common origin of their amino groups from glutamate. The depletion in the δ 15N value of threonine with increasing trophic level indicates a fundamental difference between

1. A study of aqueous solutions of nucleic acid constituents exposed to monochromatic 160 nm vacuum-UV light by spin-trapping method

2. Self-propagative replication of Aβ oligomers suggests potential transmissibility in Alzheimer disease.

Amit Kumar

Full Text Available The aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ peptide and its deposition in parts of the brain form the central processes in the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD. The low-molecular weight oligomers of Aβ aggregates (2 to 30 mers are known to be the primary neurotoxic agents whose mechanisms of cellular toxicity and synaptic dysfunction have received substantial attention in the recent years. However, how these toxic agents proliferate and induce widespread amyloid deposition throughout the brain, and what mechanism is involved in the amplification and propagation of toxic oligomer species, are far from clear. Emerging evidence based on transgenic mice models indicates a transmissible nature of Aβ aggregates and implicates a prion-like mechanism of oligomer propagation, which manifests as the dissemination and proliferation of Aβ toxicity. Despite accumulating evidence in support of a transmissible nature of Aβ aggregates, a clear, molecular-level understanding of this intriguing mechanism is lacking. Recently, we reported the characterization of unique replicating oligomers of Aβ42 (12-24 mers in vitro called Large Fatty Acid-derived Oligomers (LFAOs (Kumar et al., 2012, J. Biol. Chem. In the current report, we establish that LFAOs possess physiological activity by activating NF-κB in human neuroblastoma cells, and determine the experimental parameters that control the efficiency of LFAO replication by self-propagation. These findings constitute the first detailed report on monomer - oligomer lateral propagation reactions that may constitute potential mechanism governing transmissibility among Aβ oligomers. These data support the previous reports on transmissible mechanisms observed in transgenic animal models.

3. Loop Sequence Context Influences the Formation and Stability of the i-Motif for DNA Oligomers of Sequence (CCCXXX)4, where X = A and/or T, under Slightly Acidic Conditions.

McKim, Mikeal; Buxton, Alexander; Johnson, Courtney; Metz, Amanda; Sheardy, Richard D

2016-08-11

The structure and stability of DNA is highly dependent upon the sequence context of the bases (A, G, C, and T) and the environment under which the DNA is prepared (e.g., buffer, temperature, pH, ionic strength). Understanding the factors that influence structure and stability of the i-motif conformation can lead to the design of DNA sequences with highly tunable properties. We have been investigating the influence of pH and temperature on the conformations and stabilities for all permutations of the DNA sequence (CCCXXX)4, where X = A and/or T, using spectroscopic approaches. All oligomers undergo transitions from single-stranded structures at pH 7.0 to i-motif conformations at pH 5.0 as evidenced by circular dichroism (CD) studies. These folded structures possess stacked C:CH(+) base pairs joined by loops of 5'-XXX-3'. Although the pH at the midpoint of the transition (pHmp) varies slightly with loop sequence, the linkage between pH and log K for the proton induced transition is highly loop sequence dependent. All oligomers also undergo the thermally induced i-motif to single-strand transition at pH 5.0 as the temperature is increased from 25 to 95 °C. The temperature at the midpoint of this transition (Tm) is also highly dependent on loop sequence context effects. For seven of eight possible permutations, the pH induced, and thermally induced transitions appear to be highly cooperative and two state. Analysis of the CD optical melting profiles via a van't Hoff approach reveals sequence-dependent thermodynamic parameters for the unfolding as well. Together, these data reveal that the i-motif conformation exhibits exquisite sensitivity to loop sequence context with respect to formation and stability. PMID:27438583

4. [Chemical constituents of Desmodium sambuense].

Li, Chuankuan; Zhang, Qianjun; Huang, Zhongbi; Chen, Qing; Yao, Rongjun

2010-09-01

The chemical constituents of Desmodium sambuense were studied. Chromatographic techniques were applied to isolate and purify the constituents, and the structures were identified on the basis of physico-chemical and spectroscopeic methods. Thirteen compounds were isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of Desmodium sambuens and elucidated as beta-amyrin(1), betulic acid(2), daucosterol(3), triacontanoic acid(4), lup-20(29)-en-3-one(5), tetracosanoic-2,3-dihydroxypropylester(6), stigmast-5-ene-3beta, 7alpha-ol (7),methyl phaeophorbidea(8), o-hydroxy benzoic acid(9),beta-sitosterol(10),d-catechin(11), luteolin (12), epigallocatechin (13). All of the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. PMID:21141491

5. Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1993 : T-127 (trace constituents), M-128 (major constituents), N-40 (nutrients), N-41 (nutrients), P-21 (low ionic strength), Hg-17 (mercury), AMW-3 (acid mine water), and WW-1 (whole water)

Long, H.K.; Farrar, J.W.

1994-01-01

This report presents the results of the U.S. Geological Survey's analytical evaluation program for eight standard reference samples--T-127 (trace constituents), M-128 (major constituents), N-40 (nutrients), N-41 (nutrients), P-21 (low ionic strength), Hg-17 (mercury), AMW-3 (acid mine water), and WW-1 (whole water)--that were distributed in October 1993 to 158 laboratories registered in the U.S. Geological Survey sponsored interlaboratory testing program. Analytical data that were received from 145 of the laboratories were evaluated with respect to: overall laboratory performance and relative laboratory performance for each analyte in the eight reference samples. Results of these evaluations are presented in tabular form. Also presented are tables and graphs summarizing the analytical data provided by each laboratory for each analyte in the eight standard reference samples. The most probable value for each analyte was determined using nonparametric statistics.

6. Characterization of oligomers from methylglyoxal under dark conditions: a pathway to produce secondary organic aerosol through cloud processing during nighttime

Yasmeen, F.; Sauret, N.; Gal, J.-F.; Maria, P.-C.; Massi, L.; Maenhaut, W.; Claeys, M.

2010-04-01

Aqueous-phase oligomer formation from methylglyoxal, a major atmospheric photooxidation product, has been investigated in a simulated cloud matrix under dark conditions. The aim of this study was to explore an additional pathway producing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) through cloud processes without participation of photochemistry during nighttime. Indeed, atmospheric models still underestimate SOA formation, as field measurements have revealed more SOA than predicted. Soluble oligomers (n = 1-8) formed in the course of acid-catalyzed aldol condensation and acid-catalyzed hydration followed by acetal formation have been detected and characterized by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Aldol condensation proved to be a favorable mechanism under simulated cloud conditions, while hydration/acetal formation was found to strongly depend on the pH of the system and only occurred at a pHaldol oligomer series starts with a β-hydroxy ketone via aldol condensation, where oligomers are formed by multiple additions of C3H4O2 units (72 Da) to the parent β-hydroxy ketone. Ion trap mass spectrometry experiments were performed to structurally characterize the major oligomer species. A mechanistic pathway for the growth of oligomers under cloud conditions and in the absence of UV-light and OH radicals, which could substantially enhance in-cloud SOA yields, is proposed here for the first time.

7. Aβ42-oligomer Interacting Peptide (AIP) neutralizes toxic amyloid-β42 species and protects synaptic structure and function

Barucker, Christian; Bittner, Heiko J.; Chang, Philip K.-Y.; Cameron, Scott; Hancock, Mark A.; Liebsch, Filip; Hossain, Shireen; Harmeier, Anja; Shaw, Hunter; Charron, François M.; Gensler, Manuel; Dembny, Paul; Zhuang, Wei; Schmitz, Dietmar; Rabe, Jürgen P.; Rao, Yong; Lurz, Rudi; Hildebrand, Peter W.; McKinney, R. Anne; Multhaup, Gerhard

2015-10-01

The amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) peptide is believed to be the main culprit in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), impairing synaptic function and initiating neuronal degeneration. Soluble Aβ42 oligomers are highly toxic and contribute to progressive neuronal dysfunction, loss of synaptic spine density, and affect long-term potentiation (LTP). We have characterized a short, L-amino acid Aβ-oligomer Interacting Peptide (AIP) that targets a relatively well-defined population of low-n Aβ42 oligomers, rather than simply inhibiting the aggregation of Aβ monomers into oligomers. Our data show that AIP diminishes the loss of Aβ42-induced synaptic spine density and rescues LTP in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Notably, the AIP enantiomer (comprised of D-amino acids) attenuated the rough-eye phenotype in a transgenic Aβ42 fly model and significantly improved the function of photoreceptors of these flies in electroretinography tests. Overall, our results indicate that specifically “trapping” low-n oligomers provides a novel strategy for toxic Aβ42-oligomer recognition and removal.

8. Electrografting of conductive oligomers and polymers using diazonium electroreduction

This paper describes the attachment of conjugated oligomers onto electrode surface through the reduction of diazonium compounds. In this connection some properties of conjugated oligomers and of layers grafted through diazonium electroreduction will first be briefly presented. The electrochemical behavior of conjugated oligomers grafted on a surface using diazonium electroreduction will then be discussed. (paper)

9. Resveratrol oligomers isolated from Carex species inhibit growth of human colon tumorigenic cells mediated by cell cycle arrest.

González-Sarrías, Antonio; Gromek, Samantha; Niesen, Daniel; Seeram, Navindra P; Henry, Geneive E

2011-08-24

Research has shown that members of the Carex genus produce biologically active stilbenoids including resveratrol oligomers. This is of great interest to the nutraceutical industry given that resveratrol, a constituent of grape and red wine, has attracted immense research attention due to its potential human health benefits. In the current study, five resveratrol oligomers (isolated from Carex folliculata and Carex gynandra ), along with resveratrol, were evaluated for antiproliferative effects against human colon cancer (HCT-116, HT-29, Caco-2) and normal human colon (CCD-18Co) cells. The resveratrol oligomers included one dimer, two trimers, and two tetramers: pallidol (1); α-viniferin (2) and trans-miyabenol C (3); and kobophenols A (4) and B (5), respectively. Although not cytotoxic, the resveratrol oligomers (1-5), as well as resveratrol, inhibited growth of the human colon cancer cells. Among the six stilbenoids, α-viniferin (2) was most active against the colon cancer cells with IC(50) values of 6-32 μM (>2-fold compared to normal colon cells). Moreover, α-viniferin (at 20 μM) did not induce apoptosis but arrested cell cycle (in the S-phase) for the colon cancer but not the normal colon cells. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge supporting the anticancer effects of resveratrol and its oligomers. Furthermore, Carex species should be investigated for their nutraceutical potential given that they produce biologically active stilbenoids such as α-viniferin. PMID:21761862

10. Peptide oligomers for holographic data storage

Berg, Rolf Henrik; Hvilsted, Søren; Ramanujam, P.S.

1996-01-01

materials. Here we show that holographic gratings with large first-order diffraction efficiencies (up to 80%) can be written and erased optically in oligomer films only a few micrometres thick. The holograms also exhibit good thermal stability, and are not erased after heating to 180 degrees C for one month...

11. Bioactive constituents in aronia berries

2014-01-01

The aim of this thesis was to investigate some of the potential health benefits of aronia berries with main focus on the phenolic substances. Extractions and fractionations of aronia berries were performed to obtain several crude extracts and subfractions. In addition, well known constituents of aronia berries (anthocyanins, procyanidins and phenolic acids) were isolated. The different samples obtained were then tested in various in vitro bioassays to determine their biological activities as ...

12. Montmorillonite catalysis of RNA oligomer formation in aqueous solution. A model for the prebiotic formation of RNA

Ferris, J. P.; Ertem, G.

1993-01-01

13. 鳄嘴花叶氨基酸和微量元素分析及其化学成分研究%Analysis of Amino Acids, Trace Elements and Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Clinacanthus nutans

易博; 徐文彤; 邓盾; 邓涛

2012-01-01

目的 分析鳄嘴花叶中的氨基酸、微量元素及主要化学成分.方法 采用HPLC法和等离子体发射光谱法测定了鳄嘴花叶中氨基酸和微量元素的成分和含量,采用柱色谱法对鳄嘴花叶中的主要化学成分进行研究.结果 从鳄嘴花叶中分析测定出了17种氨基酸和11种微量元素,叶中总氨基酸含量达11.54％.分离鉴定出4种主要化学成分,羽扇豆醇(1)、异牡荆苷(2)、β-胡萝卜苷(3)、肥皂草苷(4).结论 鳄嘴花叶富含大量的人体必需氨基酸、微量元素及活性天然产物,具有较高的营养价值和药用价值.%Objective To analyze amino acids, trace elements and chemical constituents from the leaves of Clinacanthus nutans . Methods The amino acids and trace elements were detected by HPLC and ICP-OES, respectively. Chemical constituents were identified by the combination of column chromatography and spectral analysis. Results The leaves contained seventeen varieties of amino acids, eleven trace elements, and four primary chemical components. Conclusion The leaves are rich in amino acids, trace elements and bioactive chemical constituents, suggesting that Clinacanthus nutans is of high nutritional value.

14. Synthesis of Citric-Acrylate Oligomer and its in-Situ Reaction with Chrome Tanned Collagen (hide powder)

The purpose of this study was to formulate the new combined system of acrylic and citric acids, which has been prepared by free radical polymerization and esterification reaction at the same time to form citric acrylate (CAC) oligomer through ester linkage and low molecular weight (Mw 2241), in compared with polyacrylic acid. The chemical structure and the reaction mechanism of this oligomer were confirmed by different spectroscopic tools (1H, 13C-NMR, ATR-IR), gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA). The problem of the effect of the masking agents in the chrome tanning of the collagen and the pickling of the hide has been approached from the study of the hydrothermal and mechanical properties, using this new eco-friendly oligomer, which was carried out in-situ treated/grafted chrome tanned collagen (hide powder), and pickled hide. The microemulsion grafting copolymerization of (CAC) using 2.2-azo-bis isobutyronitrile (ABIN), via direct coupling reaction, onto the chrome tanned collagen showed that the free amino groups of the collagen were considered to be a potential site for the in-situ reaction with (CAC) oligomer. Also, using of citric-acrylate (CAC) oligomer, during chrome tanning of leather, instead of the traditional strong acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric and formic) resulted in significant improvement in chrome exhaustion and physical properties

15. High in vitro antimicrobial activity of β-peptoid-peptide hybrid oligomers against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Liu, Yang; Knapp, Kolja Michael; Yang, Liang;

2013-01-01

An array of β-peptoid-peptide hybrid oligomers displaying different amino acid/peptoid compositions and chain lengths was studied with respect to antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis both in planktonic and biofilm cultures, comparing the effects with those of the common antib...... killing of bacterial cells. This class of peptidomimetics may constitute promising antimicrobial alternatives for the prevention and treatment of multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis infections.......An array of β-peptoid-peptide hybrid oligomers displaying different amino acid/peptoid compositions and chain lengths was studied with respect to antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis both in planktonic and biofilm cultures, comparing the effects with those of the common...

16. Oligomer formation during gas-phase ozonolysis of small alkenes and enol ethers: new evidence for the central role of the Criegee Intermediate as oligomer chain unit

2008-05-01

Full Text Available An important fraction of secondary organic aerosol (SOA formed by atmospheric oxidation of diverse volatile organic compounds (VOC has recently been shown to consist of high-molecular weight oligomeric species. In our previous study (Sadezky et al., 2006, we reported the identification and characterization of oligomers as main constituents of SOA from gas-phase ozonolysis of small enol ethers. These oligomers contained repeated chain units of the same chemical composition as the main Criegee Intermediates (CI formed during the ozonolysis reaction, which were CH2O2 (mass 46 for alkyl vinyl ethers (AVE and C2H4O2 (mass 60 for ethyl propenyl ether (EPE. In the present work, we extend our previous study to another enol ether (ethyl butenyl ether EBE and a variety of structurally related small alkenes (trans-3-hexene, trans-4-octene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene.

Experiments have been carried out in a 570 l spherical glass reactor at atmospheric conditions in the absence of seed aerosol. SOA formation was measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS. SOA filter samples were collected and chemically characterized off-line by ESI(+/TOF MS and ESI(+/TOF MS/MS, and elemental compositions were determined by ESI(+/FTICR MS and ESI(+/FTICR MS/MS. The results for all investigated unsaturated compounds are in excellent agreement with the observations of our previous study. Analysis of the collected SOA filter samples reveal the presence of oligomeric compounds in the mass range 200 to 800 u as major constituents. The repeated chain units of these oligomers are shown to systematically have the same chemical composition as the respective main Criegee Intermediate (CI formed during ozonolysis of the unsaturated compounds, which is C3H6O2 (mass 74 for ethyl butenyl ether (EBE, trans-3-hexene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, and C4H8

17. Oligomer functionalized nanotubes and composites formed therewith

Zettl, Alexander K; Sainsbury, Toby; Frechet, Jean M.J.

2014-03-18

Disclosed herein is a sequential functionalization methodology for the covalent modification of nanotubes with between one and four repeat units of a polymer. Covalent attachment of oligomer units to the surface of nanotubes results in oligomer units forming an organic sheath around the nanotubes, polymer-functionalized-nanotubes (P-NTs). P-NTs possess chemical functionality identical to that of the functionalizing polymer, and thus provide nanoscale scaffolds which may be readily dispersed within a monomer solution and participate in the polymerization reaction to form a polymer-nanotube/polymer composite. Formation of polymer in the presence of P-NTs leads to a uniform dispersion of nanotubes within the polymer matrix, in contrast to aggregated masses of nanotubes in the case of pristine-NTs. The covalent attachment of oligomeric units to the surface of nanotubes represents the formation of a functional nanoscale building block which can be readily dispersed and integrated within the polymer to form a novel composite material.

18. Asymmetric Wave Propagation Through Saturable Nonlinear Oligomers

Daniel Law

2014-10-01

Full Text Available In the present paper we consider nonlinear dimers and trimers (more generally, oligomers embedded within a linear Schrödinger lattice where the nonlinear sites are of saturable type. We examine the stationary states of such chains in the form of plane waves, and analytically compute their reflection and transmission coefficients through the nonlinear oligomer, as well as the corresponding rectification factors which clearly illustrate the asymmetry between left and right propagation in such systems. We examine not only the existence but also the dynamical stability of the plane wave states. Lastly, we generalize our numerical considerations to the more physically relevant case of Gaussian initial wavepackets and confirm that the asymmetry in the transmission properties also persists in the case of such wavepackets.

19. Risk of oligomers in the textile industry

Giachino, G.M.; Perrelli, G.; Passarino, G.; Comino, E.; Pira, E.; Scansetti, G.; Rubino, G.F.

1982-11-01

An experimental research was carried out at the Institute of Occupational Health of Turin University on the risks following exposure to oligomers with particular reference to the textile industry. A group of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were injected endotracheally with a suspension of dust collected from various sections of twisting and spinning departments while 6 rats used as controls were treated with normal solution. Five rats had pneumonia and 1 rat showed the presence of aspecific granuloma; the histological patterns for the other rats were found to be similar to those of the control group. In the Authors' opinion it is impossible at the moment to give a definite conclusion as to the role of oligomers in lung damage.

20. Enzymatic hydrolysis of PTT polymers and oligomers

Eberl, A.; Heumann, Sonja; Kotek, R.; Kaufmann, F; Mitscher, S.; Paulo, Artur Cavaco; Gübitz, Georg M.

2008-01-01

Oligomers and polymers (film, fabrics) of the linear aromatic polyester poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) were treated with polyesterases from Thermomyces lanuginosus, Penicillium citrinum, Thermobifida fusca and Fusarium solani pisi. The cutinase from T. fusca was found to release the highest amounts of hydrolysis products from PTT materials and was able to open and hydrolyse a cyclic PTT dimer according to RP-HPLC–UV detection. In contrast, the lipase from T. lanuginosus also showed ac...

1. Self-assembly of aniline oligomers

Zhao, Y.; Tomšík, Elena; Wang, J.; Morávková, Zuzana; Zhigunov, Alexander; Stejskal, Jaroslav; Trchová, Miroslava

2013-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 1 (2013), s. 129-137. ISSN 1861-4728 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/09/1626; GA ČR GAP205/12/0911 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Institutional support: RVO:61389013 Keywords : morphology * oligoaniline * oligomers Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry Impact factor: 3.935, year: 2013

2. Scandium extraction by phenolformaldehyde resol oligomers

Scandium extraction by phenolahrvaldehyde resol oligomers ''Yarresin B'', ''101 K'' and also by bis-(2-hydroxy-5-octylbenzyl)amine, bis-2-hydroxy-5-alkylbenzyl)amine and disulfide of p-alkylphenol was studied. It is shown that nitrogen-containing reagents, particularly ''Yarresin B'', extract scandium more effectively. Influence of time of phase contact, nitrogen content in ''Yarresin B'' composition on scandium extraction is studied, extraction isotherm is plotted

3. Methyl-esterified 3-hydroxybutyrate oligomers protect bacteria from hydroxyl radicals.

Koskimäki, Janne J; Kajula, Marena; Hokkanen, Juho; Ihantola, Emmi-Leena; Kim, Jong H; Hautajärvi, Heidi; Hankala, Elina; Suokas, Marko; Pohjanen, Johanna; Podolich, Olga; Kozyrovska, Natalia; Turpeinen, Ari; Pääkkönen, Mirva; Mattila, Sampo; Campbell, Bruce C; Pirttilä, Anna Maria

2016-05-01

Bacteria rely mainly on enzymes, glutathione and other low-molecular weight thiols to overcome oxidative stress. However, hydroxyl radicals are the most cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, and no known enzymatic system exists for their detoxification. We now show that methyl-esterified dimers and trimers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (ME-3HB), produced by bacteria capable of polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis, have 3-fold greater hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity than glutathione and 11-fold higher activity than vitamin C or the monomer 3-hydroxybutyric acid. We found that ME-3HB oligomers protect hypersensitive yeast deletion mutants lacking oxidative stress-response genes from hydroxyl radical stress. Our results show that phaC and phaZ, encoding polymerase and depolymerase, respectively, are activated and polyhydroxybutyrate reserves are degraded for production of ME-3HB oligomers in bacteria infecting plant cells and exposed to hydroxyl radical stress. We found that ME-3HB oligomer production is widespread, especially in bacteria adapted to stressful environments. We discuss how ME-3HB oligomers could provide opportunities for numerous applications in human health. PMID:26974813

4. Elimination of the interfering effects of ascorbic acid in the electrochemical monitoring of bio-active constituents in body fluid samples by using the powder microelectrode technique

Cha, Chuan-sin; Chen, Jianyong

2001-09-01

Interference caused by ascorbic acid has been one of the most frequently encountered problems in the design of amperometric biosensors. The accuracy of the nowadays well- commercialized amperometric blood glucose monitor is still more or less affected by the fluctuation of ascorbic acid level in blood. The interference of ascorbic acid is serious and widespread.

5. Structure and Oligomers Distribution of Commercial Tara (Caesalpina spinosa Hydrolysable Tannin

Samuele GIOVANDO

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Solvent extracted commercial Tara tanninextract have been examined by Matrix Assisted LaserDesorption/Ionisation Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOFmass spectrometry and by High Pressure LiquidChromatography (HPLC. The Tara extract has beenfound to be composed of a series of oligomers ofpolygallic acid attached by an ester link to one quinicacid. They constitute the oligomers in higherproportion in the extract. Other polygallic chains linkedto one only or two repeating units such as caffeic acidand methylated quinic, methylated gallic andmethylated caffeic acids are also present. Negativeion mode MALDI-TOF showed that somecarbohydrate residues appear to still be present,linked to the polyphenolic material of the extract buttheir proportion is very low as would be expected of asolvent extracted tannin.

6. Vibronic Lineshapes of PTCDA Oligomers in Helium Nanodroplets

Roden, Jan; Eisfeld, Alexander; Dvorak, Matthieu; Buenermann, Oliver; Stienkemeier, Frank

2010-01-01

Oligomers of the organic semiconductor PTCDA are studied by means of helium nanodroplet isolation (HENDI) spectroscopy. In contrast to the monomer absorption spectrum, which exhibits clearly separated, very sharp absorption lines, it is found that the oligomer spectrum consists of three main peaks having an apparent width orders of magnitude larger than the width of the monomer lines. Using a simple theoretical model for the oligomer, in which a Frenkel exciton couples to internal vibrational...

7. Pigments and oligomers for inks - moving towards the best combination

The formulation of UV curable printing inks depends on several complex factors. If the individual components of the ink are not complementary, then performance problems can arise. One critical combination is that between the pigment and the oligomer. In a new approach to improve understanding of pigment/oligomer interactions, the resources of a pigment manufacturer and an oligomer manufacturer have been combined to investigate the problem. Initial screening of process yellow pigments and several oligomer types highlighted performance variations which were then examined in more detail

8. Chemical Modifications of Antisense Morpholino Oligomers Enhance Their Efficacy against Ebola Virus Infection▿

Swenson, Dana L.; Warfield, Kelly L.; Warren, Travis K.; Lovejoy, Candace; Hassinger, Jed N.; Ruthel, Gordon; Blouch, Robert E; Moulton, Hong M; Weller, Dwight D.; Iversen, Patrick L.; Bavari, Sina

2009-01-01

Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are uncharged nucleic acid-like molecules designed to inactivate the expression of specific genes via the antisense-based steric hindrance of mRNA translation. PMOs have been successful at knocking out viral gene expression and replication in the case of acute viral infections in animal models and have been well tolerated in human clinical trials. We propose that antisense PMOs represent a promising class of therapeutic agents that may be useful ...

9. Environmental Factors Preceding Aβ40 Monomer to Oligomers and the Detection of Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease Patient Serum

Yoichi Matsunaga; Midori Suenaga

2012-01-01

We present here environmental factors including pH shifts, temperature, and metal ions surrounding A β 40 monomer to precede the oligomers. We also suggest a new idea to detect A β 40 oligomers with anti-A β 40 monoclonal antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This method involves the different sensitivity of the thermal shifts between A β 40 monomer and the oligomers. The idea is useful for the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease to detect A β 40 oligomers in the serum from the pat...

10. Mx oligomer: a novel capsid pattern sensor?

Kong, Jia; Ma, Min; He, Shuangyi; Qin, Xiaohong

2016-08-01

Myxovirus resistance proteins represent a family of interferon-induced restriction factors of the innate and adaptive immune system. Human MxB acts as a novel restriction factor with antiviral activity against a range of HIV-1 and other retroviruses mainly by inhibiting the uncoating process after reverse transcription but prior to integration. Based on published data and conservation analysis, we propose a novel hypothesis, in which MxB dimers form higher order oligomers that restrict retroviral replication by binding to the viral capsid. Insights into the mechanistic basis of structural and functional characteristics of MxB will greatly advance our understanding of MxB. PMID:27492442

11. Macrocyclic 2,7-Anthrylene Oligomers.

Yamamoto, Yuta; Wakamatsu, Kan; Iwanaga, Tetsuo; Sato, Hiroyasu; Toyota, Shinji

2016-05-01

A macrocyclic compound consisting of six 2,7-anthrylene units was successfully synthesized by Ni-mediated coupling of the corresponding dibromo precursor as a novel π-conjugated compound. This compound was sufficiently stable and soluble in organic solvents due to the presence of mesityl groups. X-ray analysis showed that the molecule had a nonplanar and hexagonal wheel-shaped framework of approximately S6 symmetry. The dynamic process between two S6 structures was observed by using the dynamic NMR technique, the barrier being 58 kJ mol(-1) . The spectroscopic properties of the hexamer were compared with those of analogous linear oligomers. PMID:26918910

12. Anharmonic Vibrational Dynamics of DNA Oligomers

Kühn, O; Krishnan, G M; Fidder, H; Heyne, K

2008-01-01

Combining two-color infared pump-probe spectroscopy and anharmonic force field calculations we characterize the anharmonic coupling patterns between fingerprint modes and the hydrogen-bonded symmetric NH$_2$ stretching vibration in adenine-thymine dA$_{20}$-dT$_{20}$ DNA oligomers. Specifically, it is shown that the anharmonic coupling between the NH$_2$ bending and the CO stretching vibration, both absorbing around 1665 cm-1, can be used to assign the NH$_2$ fundamental transition at 3215 cm-1 despite the broad background absorption of water.

13. Isolation and Quantification of Polyamide Cyclic Oligomers in Kitchen Utensils and Their Migration into Various Food Simulants.

Abe, Yutaka; Mutsuga, Motoh; Ohno, Hiroyuki; Kawamura, Yoko; Akiyama, Hiroshi

2016-01-01

Small amounts of cyclic monomers and oligomers are present in polyamide (PA)-based kitchen utensils. In this study, we isolated eight PA-based cyclic monomers and oligomers from kitchen utensils made from PA6 (a polymer of ε-caprolactam) and PA66 (a polymer of 1,6-diaminohexane and adipic acid). Their structures were identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their residual levels in PA-based kitchen utensils and degree of migration into food simulants were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using purchased PA6 monomer and isolated PA66 monomers, and isolated PA6 and PA66 oligomers as calibration standards. Their total residual levels among 23 PA-based kitchen utensils made from PA6, PA66, and copolymers of PA6 and PA66 (PA6/66) ranged from 7.8 to 20 mg/g. Using water, 20% ethanol, and olive oil as food simulants, the total migration levels of the PA monomers and oligomers ranged from 0.66 to 100 μg/cm2 under most examined conditions. However, the total migration levels of the PA66 monomer and oligomers from PA66 and PA6/66 kitchen utensils into 20% ethanol at 95°C were very high (1,700 and 2,200 μg/cm2, respectively) due to swelling by high-temperature ethanol. PMID:27453976

14. Cooperative Switching in Nanofibers of Azobenzene Oligomers.

Weber, Christopher; Liebig, Tobias; Gensler, Manuel; Zykov, Anton; Pithan, Linus; Rabe, Jürgen P; Hecht, Stefan; Bléger, David; Kowarik, Stefan

2016-01-01

Next-generation molecular devices and machines demand the integration of molecular switches into hierarchical assemblies to amplify the response of the system from the molecular level to the meso- or macro-scale. Here, we demonstrate that multi-azobenzene oligomers can assemble to form robust supramolecular nanofibers in which they can be switched repeatedly between the E- and Z-configuration. While in isolated oligomers the azobenzene units undergo reversible photoisomerization independently, in the nanofibers they are coupled via intermolecular interactions and switch cooperatively as evidenced by unusual thermal and kinetic behavior. We find that the photoisomerization rate from the Z-isomer to the E-isomer depends on the fraction of Z-azobenzene in the nanofibers, and is increased by more than a factor of 4 in Z-rich fibers when compared to E-rich fibers. This demonstrates the great potential of coupling individual photochromic units for increasing their quantum efficiency in the solid state with potential relevance for actuation and sensing. PMID:27161608

15. Solvent induced track sensitization. Extraction of oligomers

Apel, P.; Angert, N.; Brüchle, W.; Hermann, H.; Kampschulte, U.; Klein, P.; Kravets, L. I.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Remmert, G.; Spohr, R.; Steckenreiter, T.; Trautmann, C.; Vetter, J.

1994-04-01

Oligomer extraction from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) irradiated by xenon ions of 11.4 MeV/u is investigated using UV spectrophotometry and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The cyclic trimer is identified as the predominant diffusing species removed during extraction by dimethyl formamide (DMF). Extraction dynamics is modeled by a rapid (time constant ≈ 2 min) and a slow (time constant ≈ 100 min) diffusion process attributed to the latent ion tracks and to the virgin material, respectively. Thereby latent tracks act simultaneously as irrigation and drainage pipes for the transfer of the solvent into and the extraction of oligomers from the polymer matrix. Thus tracks help to release osmotic pressure differences and to avoid blistering of the unirradiated polymer during solvent exchange. The total extracted mass per track shows a characteristic decrease with increasing ion fluence interpreted as oxygen effect, due to the decreasing supply of oxygen in the sample during irradiation. The extractable mass corresponds to an equivalent track diameter of initially around 10 nm contracting with increasing ion fluence to an asymptotic value around 3 nm.

16. Cooperative Switching in Nanofibers of Azobenzene Oligomers

Weber, Christopher; Liebig, Tobias; Gensler, Manuel; Zykov, Anton; Pithan, Linus; Rabe, Jürgen P.; Hecht, Stefan; Bléger, David; Kowarik, Stefan

2016-01-01

Next-generation molecular devices and machines demand the integration of molecular switches into hierarchical assemblies to amplify the response of the system from the molecular level to the meso- or macro-scale. Here, we demonstrate that multi-azobenzene oligomers can assemble to form robust supramolecular nanofibers in which they can be switched repeatedly between the E- and Z-configuration. While in isolated oligomers the azobenzene units undergo reversible photoisomerization independently, in the nanofibers they are coupled via intermolecular interactions and switch cooperatively as evidenced by unusual thermal and kinetic behavior. We find that the photoisomerization rate from the Z-isomer to the E-isomer depends on the fraction of Z-azobenzene in the nanofibers, and is increased by more than a factor of 4 in Z-rich fibers when compared to E-rich fibers. This demonstrates the great potential of coupling individual photochromic units for increasing their quantum efficiency in the solid state with potential relevance for actuation and sensing. PMID:27161608

17. Chemical constituents from Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae)

The first chemical study of non-volatile constituents from the bark and stem of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae) led to the isolation and identification of 3,3'-O-dimethylellagic acid (1) and five pentacyclic triterpenes: 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (arjunolic acid, 2), 3β-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-27,28-dioic acid (melaleucic acid, 3), betulinic acid (4), betuline (5), 3β-O-acetylurs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), a mixture of fatty acids and esters, and several hydrocarbons. For 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (2) and 3β-O-acetylurs-12-en-28-oic acid (6) a first detailed assignment of 1H NMR is presented. (author)

18. Characterization of oligomers from methylglyoxal under dark conditions: a pathway to produce secondary organic aerosol through cloud processing during nighttime

F. Yasmeen

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Aqueous-phase oligomer formation from methylglyoxal, a major atmospheric photooxidation product, has been investigated in a simulated cloud matrix under dark conditions. The aim of this study was to explore an additional pathway producing secondary organic aerosol (SOA through cloud processes without participation of photochemistry during nighttime. Indeed, atmospheric models still underestimate SOA formation, as field measurements have revealed more SOA than predicted. Soluble oligomers (n = 1–8 formed in the course of acid-catalyzed aldol condensation and acid-catalyzed hydration followed by acetal formation have been detected and characterized by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Aldol condensation proved to be a favorable mechanism under simulated cloud conditions, while hydration/acetal formation was found to strongly depend on the pH of the system and only occurred at a pH<3.5. No evidence was found for formation of organosulfates. The aldol oligomer series starts with a β-hydroxy ketone via aldol condensation, where oligomers are formed by multiple additions of C3H4O2 units (72 Da to the parent β-hydroxy ketone. Ion trap mass spectrometry experiments were performed to structurally characterize the major oligomer species. A mechanistic pathway for the growth of oligomers under cloud conditions and in the absence of UV-light and OH radicals, which could substantially enhance in-cloud SOA yields, is proposed here for the first time.

19. Statistical mechanics of thermal denaturation of DNA oligomers

Navin Singh; Yashwant Singh

2003-08-01

Double stranded DNA chain is known to have non-trivial elasticity. We study the effect of this elasticity on the denaturation proﬁle of DNA oligomer by constraining one base pair at one end of the oligomer to remain in unstretched (or intact) state. The effect of this constraint on the denaturation proﬁle of the oligomer has been calculated using the Peyrard–Bishop Hamiltonian. The denaturation proﬁle is found to be very different from the free (i.e. without the constraint) oligomer. We have also examined how this constraint affects the denaturation proﬁle of the oligomer having a segment of defect sites located at different parts of the chain.

20. Properties of Surface Cyclic Oligomers Present on Polyester Fiber

郑敏; 宋心远

2003-01-01

The effects of different treatments, such as dry heat,wet heat, solvent vapor and ultrasonic, on properties of the cyclic oligomers on the surface of polyester fiber are studied. The components of surface oligomers are analyzed through Thin-Layer Chromatograph. The result shows that: all of the treatments, especially solvent vapor treatment, can significantly increase the content of surface cyclic oligomers. The content of cyclic trimer is increased more considerably than other oligomers. Moreover, the morphology and the distribution of surface cyclic oligomers are also different from different treatments: Dry heat and wet heat cause larger polygonal solids distributed evenly on the surface of fiber; solvent vapor makes fiber surface exhibit irregular rodlike crystal shapes randomly; ultrasonic treatment induces some obscure and smaller deposits on the surface of fiber.

1. Vibronic line shapes of PTCDA oligomers in helium nanodroplets.

Roden, Jan; Eisfeld, Alexander; Dvořák, Matthieu; Bünermann, Oliver; Stienkemeier, Frank

2011-02-01

Oligomers of the organic semiconductor 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride, C(24)H(8)O(6) (PTCDA) are studied by means of helium nanodroplet isolation spectroscopy. In contrast to the monomer absorption spectrum, which exhibits clearly separated, very sharp absorption lines, it is found that the oligomer spectrum consists of three main peaks having an apparent width orders of magnitude larger than the width of the monomer lines. Using a simple theoretical model for the oligomer, in which a Frenkel exciton couples to internal vibrational modes of the monomers, these experimental findings are nicely reproduced. The three peaks present in the oligomer spectrum can already be obtained taking only one effective vibrational mode of the PTCDA molecule into account. The inclusion of more vibrational modes leads to quasicontinuous spectra, resembling the broad oligomer spectra. PMID:21303160

2. Atomic View of a Toxic Amyloid Small Oligomer

Laganowsky, Arthur; Liu, Cong; Sawaya, Michael R.; Whitelegge, Julian P.; Park, Jiyong; Zhao, Minglei; Pensalfini, Anna; Soriaga, Angela B.; Landau, Meytal; Teng, Poh K.; Cascio, Duilio; Glabe, Charles; Eisenberg, David (UCI); (UCLA)

2012-04-30

Amyloid diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and the prion conditions, are each associated with a particular protein in fibrillar form. These amyloid fibrils were long suspected to be the disease agents, but evidence suggests that smaller, often transient and polymorphic oligomers are the toxic entities. Here, we identify a segment of the amyloid-forming protein {alpha}{beta} crystallin, which forms an oligomeric complex exhibiting properties of other amyloid oligomers: {beta}-sheet-rich structure, cytotoxicity, and recognition by an oligomer-specific antibody. The x-ray-derived atomic structure of the oligomer reveals a cylindrical barrel, formed from six antiparallel protein strands, that we term a cylindrin. The cylindrin structure is compatible with a sequence segment from the {beta}-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease. Cylindrins offer models for the hitherto elusive structures of amyloid oligomers.

3. Characterization of non-photochemically formed oligomers from methylglyoxal: a pathway to produce secondary organic aerosol through cloud processing during night-time

F. Yasmeen

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Aqueous-phase oligomer formation from methylglyoxal, a major atmospheric photooxidation product, has been investigated in a simulated cloud matrix under dark conditions. The aim of this study was to explore an additional path producing secondary organic aerosol (SOA through cloud processes without photochemistry during night-time. Indeed, atmospheric models still underestimate SOA formation, as field measurements have revealed more SOA than predicted. Soluble oligomers (n=1–8 formed in the course of acid-catalyzed aldol condensation and acid-catalyzed hydration followed by acetal formation have been detected and characterized by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Aldol condensation proved to be a favorable mechanism under simulated cloud conditions, while hydration/acetal formation was found to strongly depend on the pH of the system. The aldol oligomer series starts with a β-hydroxy ketone via aldol condensation, where oligomers are formed by multiple additions of C3H4O2 units (72 Da to the parent β-hydroxy ketone. Ion trap mass spectrometry experiments were performed to structurally characterize the major oligomer species. A mechanistic pathway for the growth of oligomers under cloud conditions and in the absence of UV-light and OH radicals, which could substantially enhance in-cloud SOA yields, is proposed here for the first time.

4. Characterization of non-photochemically formed oligomers from methylglyoxal: a pathway to produce secondary organic aerosol through cloud processing during night-time

Yasmeen, F.; Sauret, N.; Gal, J. F.; Maria, P.-C.; Massi, L.; Maenhaut, W.; Claeys, M.

2009-10-01

Aqueous-phase oligomer formation from methylglyoxal, a major atmospheric photooxidation product, has been investigated in a simulated cloud matrix under dark conditions. The aim of this study was to explore an additional path producing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) through cloud processes without photochemistry during night-time. Indeed, atmospheric models still underestimate SOA formation, as field measurements have revealed more SOA than predicted. Soluble oligomers (n=1-8) formed in the course of acid-catalyzed aldol condensation and acid-catalyzed hydration followed by acetal formation have been detected and characterized by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Aldol condensation proved to be a favorable mechanism under simulated cloud conditions, while hydration/acetal formation was found to strongly depend on the pH of the system. The aldol oligomer series starts with a β-hydroxy ketone via aldol condensation, where oligomers are formed by multiple additions of C3H4O2 units (72 Da) to the parent β-hydroxy ketone. Ion trap mass spectrometry experiments were performed to structurally characterize the major oligomer species. A mechanistic pathway for the growth of oligomers under cloud conditions and in the absence of UV-light and OH radicals, which could substantially enhance in-cloud SOA yields, is proposed here for the first time.

5. New strategy for stable-isotope-aided, multidimensional NMR spectroscopy of DNA oligomers

Ono, Okira; Tate, Shin-Ichi; Kainosho, Masatsune [Tokyo Metropolitan Univ., Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is the most efficient method for determining the solution structures of biomolecules. By applying multidimensional heteronuclear NMR techniques to {sup 13}C/{sup 15}N-labeled proteins, we can determine the solution structures of proteins with molecular mass of 20 to 30kDa at an accuracy similar to that of x-ray crystallography. Improvements in NMR instrumentation and techniques as well as the development of protein engineering methods for labeling proteins have rapidly advanced multidimensional heteronuclear NMR of proteins. In contrast, multidimensional heteronuclear NMR studies of nucleic acids is less advanced because there were no efficient methods for preparing large amounts of labeled DNA/RNA oligomers. In this report, we focused on the chemical synthesis of DNA oligomers labeled at specific residue(s). RNA oligomers with specific labels, which are difficult to synthesize by the enzyme method, can be synthesized by the chemical method. The specific labels are useful for conformational analysis of larger molecules such as protein-nucleic acid complexes.

6. New strategy for stable-isotope-aided, multidimensional NMR spectroscopy of DNA oligomers

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is the most efficient method for determining the solution structures of biomolecules. By applying multidimensional heteronuclear NMR techniques to 13C/15N-labeled proteins, we can determine the solution structures of proteins with molecular mass of 20 to 30kDa at an accuracy similar to that of x-ray crystallography. Improvements in NMR instrumentation and techniques as well as the development of protein engineering methods for labeling proteins have rapidly advanced multidimensional heteronuclear NMR of proteins. In contrast, multidimensional heteronuclear NMR studies of nucleic acids is less advanced because there were no efficient methods for preparing large amounts of labeled DNA/RNA oligomers. In this report, we focused on the chemical synthesis of DNA oligomers labeled at specific residue(s). RNA oligomers with specific labels, which are difficult to synthesize by the enzyme method, can be synthesized by the chemical method. The specific labels are useful for conformational analysis of larger molecules such as protein-nucleic acid complexes

7. Formation of secondary organic aerosol and oligomers from the ozonolysis of enol ethers

Sadezky, A.; Chaimbault, P.; Mellouki, A.; Römpp, A.; Winterhalter, R.; Le Bras, G.; Moortgat, G. K.

2006-10-01

Formation of secondary organic aerosol has been observed in the gas phase ozonolysis of a series of enol ethers, among them several alkyl vinyl ethers (AVE, ROCH=CH2), such as ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl vinyl ether, and ethyl propenyl ether (EPE, C2H5OCH=CHCH3). The ozonolysis has been studied in a 570 l spherical glass reactor at ambient pressure (730 Torr) and room temperature (296 K). Gas phase reaction products were investigated by in-situ FTIR spectroscopy, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation was monitored by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The chemical composition of the formed SOA was analysed by a hybrid mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization (ESI). The main stable gas phase reaction product is the respective alkyl formate ROC(O)H, formed with yields of 60 to 80%, implying that similar yields of the corresponding excited Criegee Intermediates (CI) CH2O2 for the AVE and CH3CHO2 for EPE are generated. Measured SOA yields are between 2 to 4% for all enol ethers. Furthermore, SOA formation is strongly reduced or suppressed by the presence of an excess of formic acid, which acts as an efficient CI scavenger. Chemical analysis of the formed SOA by ESI(+)/MS-TOF allows to identify oligomeric compounds in the mass range 200 to 800 u as its major constituents. Repetitive chain units are identified as CH2O2 (mass 46) for the AVE and C2H4O2 (mass 60) for EPE and thus have the same chemical compositions as the respective major Criegee Intermediates formed during ozonolysis of these ethers. The oligomeric structure and chain unit identity are confirmed by HPLC/ESI(+)/MS-TOF and ESI(+)/MS/MS-TOF experiments, whereby successive and systematic loss of a fragment with mass 46 for the AVE (and mass 60 for EPE) is observed. It is proposed that the oligomer has the following basic structure of an oligoperoxide, -[CH(R)-O-O]n-, where R=H for the AVE and R=CH3 for the EPE. Oligoperoxide formation is thus suggested to be another, so

8. Enzymatic hydrolysis of PTT polymers and oligomers.

Eberl, A; Heumann, S; Kotek, R; Kaufmann, F; Mitsche, S; Cavaco-Paulo, A; Gübitz, G M

2008-05-20

Oligomers and polymers (film, fabrics) of the linear aromatic polyester poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) were treated with polyesterases from Thermomyces lanuginosus, Penicillium citrinum, Thermobifida fusca and Fusarium solani pisi. The cutinase from T. fusca was found to release the highest amounts of hydrolysis products from PTT materials and was able to open and hydrolyse a cyclic PTT dimer according to RP-HPLC-UV detection. In contrast, the lipase from T. lanuginosus also showed activity on the PTT fibres and on bis(3-hydroxypropyl) terephthalate (BHPT) but was not able to hydrolyse the polymer film, mono(3-hydroxypropyl) terephthalate (MHPT) nor the cyclic dimer of PTT. As control enzymes inhibited with mercury chloride were used. Surface hydrophilicity changes were investigated with contact angle measurements and the degree of crystallinity changes were determined with DSC. PMID:18405994

9. Determination of the content of rosmarinic acid by HPLC and analytical comparison of volatile constituents by GC-MS in different parts of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt

Liu, Jing; Wan, Yuklam; Zhao, Zhongzhen; Chen, Hubiao

2013-01-01

Background Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. is not only an edible plant but also a traditional medicinal plant commonly used for treating common cold. It is widely cultivated in southern China. The anatomical parts of P. frutescens that are recorded as medicines in the Chinese material medica are: Perillae Caulis, Perillae Folium and Perillae Fructus, which are the dried stems, the dried leaves and the dried ripe fruits, respectively. Rosmarinic acid is one of major polyphenolic ingredients fou...

10. Polymerization on the rocks: negatively-charged alpha-amino acids

Hill, A. R. Jr; Bohler, C.; Orgel, L. E.; Bada, J. L. (Principal Investigator)

1998-01-01

Oligomers of the negatively-charged amino acids, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and O-phospho-L-serine are adsorbed by hydroxylapatite and illite with affinities that increase with oligomer length. In the case of oligo-glutamic acids adsorbed on hydroxylapatite, addition of an extra residue results in an approximately four-fold increase in the strength of adsorption. Oligomers much longer than the 7-mer are retained tenaciously by the mineral. Repeated incubation of short oligo-glutamic acids adsorbed on hydroxylapatite or illite with activated monomer leads to the accumulation of oligomers at least 45 units long. The corresponding reactions of aspartic acid and O-phospho-L-serine on hydroxylapatite are less effective in generating long oligomers, while illite fails to accumulate substantial amounts of long oligomers of aspartic acid or of O-phospho-L-serine.

11. Thermodynamics of Constituent Quarks

Pirner, H. J.; Wachs, M

1997-01-01

We investigate the thermal behavior of quarks and antiquarks interacting via a temperature-dependent linear potential. The quarks are constituent quarks with dynamically generated masses from the background linear $\\sigma$-model.We find a transition from a system of bound mesons to a correlated quark gas at the same temperature as the chiral transition temperature.

12. Quantifier Scope and Constituency

Park, J C

1995-01-01

Traditional approaches to quantifier scope typically need stipulation to exclude readings that are unavailable to human understanders. This paper shows that quantifier scope phenomena can be precisely characterized by a semantic representation constrained by surface constituency, if the distinction between referential and quantificational NPs is properly observed. A CCG implementation is described and compared to other approaches.

13. Constituents of Chondria armata

Govenkar, M.B.; Wahidullah, S.

A novel long chain fatty ester, pentyl hentriacontanoate 1 and an orange red pigment, caulerpin 2 have been isolated and characterised from a red alga Chondria armata. The pigment caulerpin hitherto known to be a constituent of green algae of genus...

14. Isoflavone and Protein Constituents of Lactic Acid-Fermented Soy Milk Combine to Prevent Dyslipidemia in Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Diet

Maki Kobayashi; Shintaro Egusa; Mitsuru Fukuda

2014-01-01

A high cholesterol diet induces dyslipidemia. This study investigated whether isoflavone aglycones in lactic acid-fermented soy milk (LFS) improve lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven weeks were fed an AIN-93G diet, a 1% cholesterol diet (a high cholesterol diet), a high-cholesterol diet containing 4% isoflavone extract of LFS (LFS extract diet), a high-cholesterol diet containing 19.4% ethanol-washed LFS (ethanol-washed LFS diet, isoflavon...

15. Acid rain effect in the constituent material of Mexican Mayan monuments; Efecto de la lluvia acida en el material constituyente de los monumentos Mayas mexicanos

Bravo Alvarez, H.; Soto Ayala, R.; Sosa Echeverria, R.; Sanchez Alvarez, P. [Facultad de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2003-12-01

Actually, acid rain is considered as a potential problem that affects materials and ecosystems. The effect on monuments, made mainly from limestone, has been studied for long time. In this work, a sample of limestone from Tulum, Quintana Roo, was studied. The following parameters were measured: density, porosity and percentage of water adsorption. Also, the sample was irrigated with acid rain prepared in the laboratory (pH 4.6), based in the chemical composition of 56 rain samples from Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, in 1994 and 1995. The results obtained show that acid rain is neutralized by calcium carbonate from the limestone. The high calcium concentrations in the effluent show that limestone is dissolved by acid rain. Superficial recession was 4.4 {mu}m/year under experimental conditions used. [Spanish] Actualmente la lluvia acida se ha convertido en un problema potencial que afecta en mayor o menor grado a materiales y a los ecosistemas. El efecto que causa la lluvia acida en monumentos construidos fundamentalmente de roca caliza, ha sido objeto de muchas investigaciones realizadas, prioritariamente, por paises que poseen estructuras, cuyo material de construccion es caliza. En este trabajo de investigacion se estudio una muestra de roca caliza proveniente de los monumentos mayas de Tulum, Quintana Roo. Se determinaron los parametros de densidad, porosidad y porcentaje de adsorcion de agua. Asimismo, se efectuo la irrigacion de la muestra con lluvia acida (pH aprox. 4.6), preparada en el laboratorio con base en la composicion quimica que se determino en 56 muestras de agua de lluvia provenientes de Puerto Morelos, punto cercano a los monumentos de Tulum, Quintana Roo, durante los anos 1994 y 1995. Los resultados permiten concluir que la lluvia acida sufre un proceso de neutralizacion con el carbonato de calcio de la roca caliza. Las altas concentraciones de calcio en el efluente, mostraron que la roca caliza sufrio una disolucion con la lluvia acida. La

16. Effect of the acid rain in the constituent material of the Mayan Mexican monuments; Efecto de la lluvia acida en el material constituyente de los monuments mayas mexicanos

Bravo Alvarez, H; Soto Ayala, R; Sosa Echeverria, R; Sanchez Alvarez, P [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2003-10-15

Actually, acid rain is considered as a potential problem that affects materials and ecosystems. The effect on monuments, made mainly from limestone, has been studied for long time. In this work, a sample of limestone from Tulum, Qintana Roo, was studied. The following parameters were measured: density, porosity and percentage of water adsorption. Also, the sample was irrigated with acid rain prepared in the laboratory (pH = 4.6), based in the chemical composition of 56 rain samples from Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, in 1994 and 1995. The results obtained show that acid rain is neutralized by calcium carbonate from the limestone. The high calcium concentrations in the effluent, show that limestone is dissolved by acid rain. Superficial recession was 4.4 {mu}m/year under experimental conditions used. [Spanish] Actualmente la lluvia acida se ha convertido en un problema potencial que afecta en mayor o menor grado a materiales y a los ecosistemas. El efecto que causa la lluvia acida en monumentos construidos fundamentalmente de roca caliza, ha sido objeto de muchas investigaciones realizadas, prioritariamente, por paises que poseen estructuras, cuyo material de construccion es caliza. En este trabajo de investigacion se estudio una muestra de roca caliza proveniente de los monumentos mayas de Tulum, Quintana Roo. Se determinaron los parametros de densidad, porosidad y porcentaje de adsorcion de agua. Asimismo, se efectuo la irrigacion de la muestra con lluvia acida (pH aprox.4.6), preparada en el laboratorio con base en la composicion quimica que se determino en 56 muestras de agua de lluvia provenientes de Puerto Morelos, punto cercano a los monumentos de Tulum, Quintana Roo, durante los anos 1994 y 1995. Los resultados permiten concluir que la lluvia acida sufre un proceso de naturalizacion con el carbonato de calcio de la roca caliza. Las altas concentraciones de calcio en el efluente, mostraron que la roca caliza sufrio una disolucion con la lluvia acida. La

17. A new source of oxygenated organic aerosol and oligomers

J. Liggio

2013-03-01

Full Text Available A large oxygenated organic uptake to aerosols was observed when exposing ambient urban air to inorganic acidic and non-acidic sulfate seed aerosol. For non-acidic seed aerosol the uptake was attributed to the direct dissolution of primary vehicle exhaust gases into the aqueous aerosol fraction, and was correlated to the initial seed sulphate mass. The uptake of primary oxygenated organic gases to aerosols in this study represents a significant amount of organic aerosol (OA that may be considered primary when compared to that reported for primary organic aerosol (POA, but is considerably more oxygenated (O : C ~ 0.3 than traditional POA. Consequently, a fraction of measured ambient oxygenated OA, which correlates with secondary sulphate, may in fact be of a primary, rather than secondary source. These results represent a new source of oxygenated OA on neutral aerosol and imply that the uptake of primary organic gases will occur in the ambient atmosphere, under dilute conditions, and in the presence of pre-existing SO4 aerosols which contain water. Conversely, under acidic seed aerosol conditions, oligomer formation was observed with the uptake of organics being enhanced by a factor of three or more compared to neutral aerosols, and in less than 2 min, representing an additional source of SOA to the atmosphere. This resulted in a trajectory in Van Krevelen space towards higher O : C (slope ~ −1.5, despite a lack of continual gas-phase oxidation in this closed system. The results demonstrate that high molecular weight species will form on acidic aerosols at the ambient level and mixture of organic gases, but are otherwise unaffected by subsequent aerosol neutralization, and that aerosol acidity will affect the organic O : C via aerosol-phase reactions. These two processes, forming oxygenated POA under neutral conditions and SOA under acidic conditions can contribute to the total ambient OA mass and the evolution of ambient aerosol O : C ratios

18. Atomistic simulation of CO 2 solubility in poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers

Hong, Bingbing

2013-10-02

We have performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations coupled with thermodynamic integration to obtain the excess chemical potential and pressure-composition phase diagrams for CO2 in poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers. Poly(ethylene oxide) dimethyl ether, CH3O(CH 2CH2O)nCH3 (PEO for short) is a widely applied physical solvent that forms the major organic constituent of a class of novel nanoparticle-based absorbents. Good predictions were obtained for pressure-composition-density relations for CO2 + PEO oligomers (2 ≤ n ≤ 12), using the Potoff force field for PEO [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 044514 (2012)] together with the TraPPE model for CO2 [AIChE J. 47, 1676 (2001)]. Water effects on Henrys constant of CO2 in PEO have also been investigated. Addition of modest amounts of water in PEO produces a relatively small increase in Henrys constant. Dependence of the calculated Henrys constant on the weight percentage of water falls on a temperature-dependent master curve, irrespective of PEO chain length. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.

19. Influence of soil phenolic constituents on plant uptake of 32P-labelled phosphate from an acid tea soil of Sri Lanka

Phenols are believed to play a dominant role in the formation and composition of humus, a subject of fundamental importance to soil productivity. In the present study, greenhouse techniques were used to examine the comparative effects of phenol-rich and non-phenolic plant residues as soil amendments on uptake of 32P-labelled phosphate from a high P-fixing acid soil. The results indicate that: (i) incorporation of phenol-rich plant residues increases 'soil phenolic content'; (ii) this increase in soil phenolic content does not result in a corresponding decrease in P fixation capacity or an increase in plant uptake of labelled P; (iii) plant residues having low degradability are more effective in decreasing P fixation capacity of soil and thus increasing plant uptake of labelled P. (author)

20. Organic heterostructures based on arylenevinylene oligomers deposited by MAPLE

Socol, M.; Preda, N.; Vacareanu, L.; Grigoras, M.; Socol, G.; Mihailescu, I. N.; Stanculescu, F.; Jelínek, Miroslav; Stanculescu, A.; Stoicanescu, M.

2014-01-01

Roč. 302, May (2014), s. 216-222. ISSN 0169-4332 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : organic heterostructures * MAPLE * oligomer * optoelectronica Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.711, year: 2014

1. Revisting the physics of Fano resonances for nanoparticle oligomers

Hopkins, Ben; Miroshnichenko, Andrey E; Kivshar, Yuri S

2013-01-01

We present a new and robust approach for interpreting the physics of Fano resonances in both metallic and dielectric oligomer nanostructures. A key mechanism for Fano resonances is revealed by demonstrating that Fano resonances can be generated purely from the interference of non-orthogonal collective eigenmodes, which are clearly identified based on the coupled-dipole approximation. We prove analytically a general theorem to identify the number of collective eigenmodes that can be excited in ring-type nanoparticle oligomers and further demonstrate that no dark mode excitation is necessary for existence of Fano resonances in symmetric oligomers. As a consequence, we unify the understanding of Fano resonances for both plasmonic and all-dielectric oligomers.

2. 聚丙烯酸类浆料组分设计分析及命名建议%Constituent Design Analyses and Naming Suggestion on Polyacrylic Acid Size

洪仲秋

2001-01-01

阐述了设计聚丙烯酸类浆料应根据四种主要组分——单体、乳化剂、引发剂和分散介质的主 要性质以及对聚合物性能的影响进行优选；针对国内聚丙烯酸类浆料命名不统一的现状，提 出了规范命名的具体建议，并根据纺织产品的发展动态指出了开发新型浆料的方向。%The viewpoint in designing polyacrylic acid size was elaborated like that the design should be optimized by the main performance and the influence on the polymer of four important constituents such as monomer,emul sifier,initiator and dispersion medium.In view the statusquo of the uncentrali zation on naming polyacrylic acid size in nation,the practical suggestion on sta ndarding the naming was pointed out,and the direction on developing new size was pointed out by the development tendency of textile products.

3. [Constituents of the leaves of Ligustrum delavayanum Hariot].

Nagy, M; Baróniková, S; Grancai, D; Mucaji, P

2001-11-01

From the chloroform part of Ligustrum delavayanum Hariot, leaves five constituents were isolated: tyrosol, esculetine, kempferol-7-O-rhamnoside, quercetine-3-O-glucoside, and quercetine. Further six constituents (probably malvidine, two secoiridoid glycosides, caffeic acid monosaccharide ester, quercetine monoglycoside (no hyperoside), and quercetine diglycoside (no rutinoside)) were isolated from the methanolic part of above mentioned drug. PMID:11797198

4. Chemical constituents of Asparagus

J S Negi

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Asparagus species (family Liliaceae are medicinal plants of temperate Himalayas. They possess a variety of biological properties, such as being antioxidants, immunostimulants, anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antibacterial, antioxytocic, and reproductive agents. The article briefly reviews the isolated chemical constituents and the biological activities of the plant species. The structural formula of isolated compounds and their distribution in the species studied are also given.

5. Inorganic Constituents in Coal

Rađenović A.

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Coal contains not only organic matter but also small amounts of inorganic constituents. More thanone hundred different minerals and virtually every element in the periodic table have been foundin coal. Commonly found group minerals in coal are: major (quartz, pyrite, clays and carbonates,minor, and trace minerals. Coal includes a lot of elements of low mass fraction of the orderof w=0.01 or 0.001 %. They are trace elements connected with organic matter or minerals comprisedin coal. The fractions of trace elements usually decrease when the rank of coal increases.Fractions of the inorganic elements are different, depending on the coal bed and basin. A varietyof analytical methods and techniques can be used to determine the mass fractions, mode ofoccurrence, and distribution of organic constituents in coal. There are many different instrumentalmethods for analysis of coal and coal products but atomic absorption spectroscopy – AAS is theone most commonly used. Fraction and mode of occurrence are one of the main factors that haveinfluence on transformation and separation of inorganic constituents during coal conversion.Coal, as an important world energy source and component for non-fuels usage, will be continuouslyand widely used in the future due to its relatively abundant reserves. However, there is aconflict between the requirements for increased use of coal on the one hand and less pollution onthe other. It’s known that the environmental impacts, due to either coal mining or coal usage, canbe: air, water and land pollution. Although, minor components, inorganic constituents can exert asignificant influence on the economic value, utilization, and environmental impact of the coal.

6. Inorganic Constituents in Coal

Rađenović A.

2006-01-01

Coal contains not only organic matter but also small amounts of inorganic constituents. More thanone hundred different minerals and virtually every element in the periodic table have been foundin coal. Commonly found group minerals in coal are: major (quartz, pyrite, clays and carbonates),minor, and trace minerals. Coal includes a lot of elements of low mass fraction of the orderof w=0.01 or 0.001 %. They are trace elements connected with organic matter or minerals comprisedin coal. The fract...

7. Beer constituents as potential cancer chemopreventive agents.

Gerhäuser, Clarissa

2005-09-01

Beer is a complex alcoholic beverage made from barley (malt), hop, water and yeast. Phenolic constituents of beer are derived from malt (70-80%) and hop (20-30%). Structural classes include simple phenols, benzoic- and cinnamic acid derivatives, coumarins, catechins, di-, tri- and oligomeric proanthocyanidins, (prenylated) chalcones and flavonoids as well as alpha- and iso-alpha-acids derived from hop. Compounds belonging to different structural classes have distinct profiles of biological activity in in vitro test systems, and in combination might lead to enhanced effects. Scientific evidence has accumulated over the past 10 years pointing to the cancer preventive potential of selected hop-derived beer constituents, i.e., prenylflavonoids including xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol, and hop bitter acids. Chemopreventive activities observed with these compounds relevant to inhibition of carcinogenesis at the initiation, promotion and progression phases, as well as results from in vivo studies on metabolism, bioavailability and efficacy are summarised in this review. PMID:15953717

8. The effect of polar end of long-chain fluorocarbon oligomers in promoting the superamphiphobic property over multi-scale rough Al alloy surfaces

Saifaldeen, Zubayda S.; Khedir, Khedir R.; Camci, Merve T.; Ucar, Ahmet; Suzer, Sefik; Karabacak, Tansel

2016-08-01

Rough structures with re-entrant property and their subsequent surface energy reduction with long-chain fluorocarbon oligomers are both critical in developing superamphiphobic (SAP, i.e. both super hydrophobic and superoleophobic) surfaces. However, morphology of the low-surface energy layer on a rough re-entrant substrate can strongly depend on the fluorocarbon oligomers used. In this study, the effect of polar end of different kinds of long-chain fluorocarbon oligomers in promoting a self-assembled monolayer with close packed molecules and robust adhesion on multi-scale rough Al alloy surfaces was investigated. Hierarchical Al alloy surfaces with microgrooves and nanograss structures were developed by a simple combination of one-directional mechanical sanding and post treatment in boiling de-ionized water (DIW). Three types of long-chain fluorocarbon oligomers of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTS), 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFDCS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were chemically vaporized onto these rough Al alloy surfaces. The PFDCS exhibited the lowest surface free energy of less than 10 mN/m. The contact angle and sliding angle measurements for water, ethylene glycol, and peanut oil verified the SAP property of hierarchical rough Al alloy surfaces treated with alkylsilane oligomers (PFDTS, PFDCS). However, the hierarchical surfaces treated with fluorocarbon oligomer with polar acidic tail (PFOA) showed highly amphiphobic properties but could not reach the threshold for SAP. Chemical stability of the hierarchical Al alloy surfaces treated with the fluorocarbon oligomers was tested under the harsh conditions of ultra-sonication in acetone and annealing at high temperature after different treatment times. Contact angle measurements revealed the robustness of the alkylsilane oligomers and deterioration of the PFOA coating particularly for low surface tension liquids. The robust adhesion and close-packing of the alkylsilane

9. Chemical constituents of Saniculiphyllum guangxiense.

Geng, Chang-An; Huang, Xiao-Yan; Lei, Li-Gong; Zhang, Xue-Mei; Chen, Ji-Jun

2012-08-01

The first phytochemical investigation on Saniculiphyllum guangxiense resulted in the isolation of two new triterpenoids, 16β-hydroxybryodulcosigenin (3) and 3α-O-feruloylolean-12-en-27-oic acid (6), together with six known compounds, menisdaurin (1), purshianin (2), oleanolic acid (4), 3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (5), β-sitosterol (7), and daucosterol (8), which were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analyses and in one case by X-ray diffraction. According to this primary investigation, S. guangxiense is rich in nitrile glucosides and triterpenoids, of which menisdaurin (1; 0.06%) and purshianin (2; 0.015%) are the main constituents. Compounds 1-6 were assayed for their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities against the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg, as well as HBV DNA replication on Hep G 2.2.15 cell line in vitro. The most active compound, menisdaurin (1), inhibits HBV DNA replication with an IC(50) value of 0.32 mM (SI>11.97). PMID:22899611

10. [Chemical constituents from Cinnamomum cassia].

He, Shan; Jiang, Yong; Tu, Peng-fei

2015-09-01

Various column chromatography, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents from Cinnamomum cassia. The structures were determined on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data analysis, together with the comparison with literature data. Fifteen compounds were isolated from the 85% aqueous ethanol extract of C. cassia, and their structures were identified as (2R, 3R)-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavan-3-ol( 1), (2R, 3R)-5,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavan-3-ol (2), coumarin (3), cinnamic acid (4), (E)-2-hydroxy-phenylpropionic acid cinnamoyl ester (5), 3, 3', 4, 4'-tetrahydroxy biphenyl (6), methylstictic acid (7), epi-boscialin (8), (1R,2S,3S,4S)-2,3-epoxy-1, 4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-5-cyelohexene (9), 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl cyclohex-2-enone (10), cis-4-hydroxymellein (11), and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyl-cinnamaldehyde (12). Compounds 5-11 were obtained from this genus plants for the first time. PMID:26983207

11. Biophysical characterization data on Aβ soluble oligomers produced through a method enabling prolonged oligomer stability and biological buffer conditions

Amanda C. Crisostomo

2015-09-01

Aβ1-40 soluble oligomers are produced that are suitable for biophysical studies requiring sufficient transient stability to exist in their “native” conformation in biological phosphate-saline buffers for extended periods of time. The production involves an initial preparation of highly monomeric Aβ in a phosphate saline buffer that transitions to fibrils and oligomers through time incubation alone, without added detergents or non-aqueous chemicals. This criteria ensures that the only difference between initial monomeric Aβ reactant and subsequent Aβ oligomer products is their degree of peptide assembly. A number of chemical and biophysical methods were used to characterize the monomeric reactants and soluble oligomer and amyloid fibril products, including chemical cross-linking, Western blots, fraction solubility, thioflvain T binding, size exclusion chromatography, transmission electron micrscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer.

12. Optimizing antisense oligonucleotides using phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers.

Popplewell, Linda J; Malerba, Alberto; Dickson, George

2012-01-01

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations that disrupt the reading frame of the human DMD gene. Selective removal of exons flanking an out-of-frame DMD mutation can result in an in-frame mRNA transcript that may be translated into an internally deleted Becker muscular dystrophy-like functionally active dystrophin protein with therapeutic activity. Antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) can be designed to bind to complementary sequences in the targeted mRNA and modify pre-mRNA splicing to correct the reading frame of a mutated transcript. AO-induced exon skipping resulting in functional truncated dystrophin has been demonstrated in animal models of DMD both in vitro and in vivo, in DMD patient cells in vitro in culture, and in DMD muscle explants. The recent advances made in this field suggest that it is likely that AO-induced exon skipping will be the first gene therapy for DMD to reach the clinic. However, it should be noted that personalized molecular medicine may be necessary, since the various reading frame-disrupting mutations are spread across the DMD gene. The different deletions that cause DMD would require skipping of different exons, which would require the optimization and clinical trial workup of many specific AOs. This chapter describes the methodologies available for the optimization of AOs, in particular phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers, for the targeted skipping of specific exons on the DMD gene. PMID:22454060

13. Conversion of the common food constituent 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into a mutagenic and carcinogenic sulfuric acid ester in the mouse in vivo.

Monien, Bernhard H; Frank, Heinz; Seidel, Albrecht; Glatt, Hansruedi

2009-06-01

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), formed by acid-catalyzed dehydration and in the Maillard reaction from reducing sugars, is found at high levels in numerous foods. It was shown to initiate colon aberrant crypt foci in rats and skin papillomas and hepatocellular adenomas in mice. HMF is inactive in in vitro genotoxicity tests using standard activating systems but is activated to a mutagen by sulfotransferases. The product, 5-sulfoxymethylfurfural (SMF), is a stronger carcinogen than HMF. SMF has not been detected in the biotransfomation experiments conducted on HMF in humans and animals in vivo up to date. Here, we report pharmacokinetic properties of HMF and SMF in FVB/N mice. Sensitive assays for the quantification of HMF and SMF by LC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring were devised. SMF, intravenously injected (4.4 micromol/kg body mass), showed first-order elimination kinetics in blood plasma (t(1/2) = 7.9 min). HMF, injected intravenously (793 micromol/kg body mass), demonstrated biphasic kinetics in plasma (t(1/2) = 1.7 and 28 min for the initial and terminal elimination phases, respectively); the volume of distribution of the central compartment corresponded approximately to the total body water. The maximum SMF plasma level was observed at the first sampling time, 2.5 min after HMF administration. On the basis of these kinetic data, it was estimated that between 452 and 551 ppm of the initial HMF dose was converted to SMF and reached the circulation. It is likely that additional SMF reacted with cellular structures at the site of generation and thus is ignored in this balance. Our work supports the hypothesis that HMF-related carcinogenicity may be mediated by its reactive metabolite SMF. PMID:19382817

14. Isoflavone and Protein Constituents of Lactic Acid-Fermented Soy Milk Combine to Prevent Dyslipidemia in Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Diet

Maki Kobayashi

2014-12-01

Full Text Available A high cholesterol diet induces dyslipidemia. This study investigated whether isoflavone aglycones in lactic acid-fermented soy milk (LFS improve lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven weeks were fed an AIN-93G diet, a 1% cholesterol diet (a high cholesterol diet, a high-cholesterol diet containing 4% isoflavone extract of LFS (LFS extract diet, a high-cholesterol diet containing 19.4% ethanol-washed LFS (ethanol-washed LFS diet, isoflavone-poor diet, or a high cholesterol diet containing 23.2% intact LFS (intact LFS diet for five weeks. The plasma total cholesterol (TC level was increased in the rats fed the LFS extract diet compared with those fed the high cholesterol diet. The TC level was decreased by the intact LFS and ethanol-washed LFS diets. The cholesterol-lowering effect was stronger in the rats fed the intact LFS diet than those fed the ethanol-washed LFS diet. The plasma triglyceride (TG level was unchanged in the rats fed the LFS extract diet, but it decreased in rats fed the intact LFS and ethanol-washed LFS diets. Although, compared with the high cholesterol diet, the LFS extract and ethanol-washed LFS diets did not reduce hepatic cholesterol and TG, both levels were remarkably lowered by the intact LFS diet. These results suggest that the improvement in lipid metabolism of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet containing LFS isoflavone aglycones is not due to an independent effect but due to a cooperative effect with soy protein.

15. Analysis of gamma irradiated pepper constituents, 1

A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the analysis of many constituents of pepper at the same time. And a extraction method of ultraviolet absorbing constituents from pepper was developed for the HPLC analysis. The Ultraviolet absorbing constituents were extracted by precooled Automatic Air-Hammer from frozen pepper with 20% acetonitrile in water. The process of extraction was achieved under cooling by liquid nitrogen from start to end. The extracted constituents were separated on a reversed phase C8 (LiChrospher 300 RP - 8 10 μm 0.4 I.D. x 0.4 cm and LiChrosorb RP - 8 SelectB 0.4 I. D. x 25 cm) column with a concave gradient from 0.1% trifluoro acetic acid (TFA) in water to 75% acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA in water for 60 minutes. The eluted constituents were detected 210 nm and 280 nm. The present method permits the detection of about 50 peaks by 280 nm. (author)

16. Peculiarities of coalescence during extraction of scandium by phenol formaldehyde oligomer from sulfate solutions

Different types of coalescence in extraction system of 0.5 M solution of phenol formaldehyde oligomer in toluene - aqueous scandium sulfuric acid solutions are detected and studied. Condition under the which scandium is extracted in organic phase completely within 30 second are established. Extraction and reextraction of scandium in the cases of different duration of phase contact are investigated. Reproducible regularities of changes of light scattering of extracts and pH values of raffinates in different conditions are revealed. Empirical equation describing coalescence for one of the considered case is presented

17. Extraction of scandium from chloride solutions using phenolformaldehyde resol oligomer Yarrezin B

Scandium extraction from acid chloride solutions using phenolformaldehyde resol oligomer Yarrezin B (YRB) was studied by the methods of UV, IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In YRB molecules phenol nuclei are bound by methylene, o,o-dimethyleneamine and o,o-dimethyleneether bridges. It was ascertained that under the conditions scandium is extracted by chelate mechanism at metal/reagent ratio 1 : 1, besides, two chlorine atoms and two water molecules are incorporated into the complex. Coordination bond scandium-nitrogen in aminogroup is observed in the complex

18. Heterogeneous reactions of glyoxal on mineral particles: A new avenue for oligomers and organosulfate formation

Shen, Xiaoli; Wu, Huihui; Zhao, Yue; Huang, Dao; Huang, Liubin; Chen, Zhongming

2016-04-01

Glyoxal (GL) plays a crucial role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), because it is highly water soluble and capable of oligomerization. This is the first study to describe irreversible heterogeneous reactions of GL on clean and acidic gas-aged SiO2, α-Al2O3, and CaCO3 particles, as models of real mineral particles, at various relative humidity and without irradiation and gas phase oxidants. A series of products, including oligomers, organosulfates, and organic acids, which contribute to SOA formation, were produced. GL uptake on SO2-aged α-Al2O3 enabled the oxidation of surface S(IV) to S(VI). The presence of adsorbed water on particles favored GL uptake and the formation of oligomers and organosulfate, but it suppressed organic acid formation. In addition, the aging process enhanced the positive effect of adsorbed water on GL uptake. These findings will further our understanding of the GL sink and SOA sources in the atmosphere.

19. Single-molecule imaging of the oligomer formation of the nonhexameric Escherichia coli UvrD helicase

Yokota, Hiroaki; Chujo, Yuko Ayabe; Harada, Yoshie

2013-01-01

Superfamily I helicases are nonhexameric helicases responsible for the unwinding of nucleic acids. However, whether they unwind DNA in the form of monomers or oligomers remains a controversy. In this study, we addressed this question using direct single-molecule fluorescence visualization of Escherichia coli UvrD, a superfamily I DNA helicase. We performed a photobleaching-step analysis of dye-labeled helicases and determined that the helicase is bound to 18-basepair (bp) double-stranded DNA ...

20. Effect of Honey-toasting on the Constituents and Contents of Aristolochic Acid Analogues in Aristolochiae Fructus%蜜炙对马兜铃中马兜铃酸类物质含量的影响

李正红; 杨标; 杨武亮; 陈海芳; 杨明; 袁金斌; 严志宏; 罗小泉

2013-01-01

Objective:To evaluate the degree of de-toxification of Aristolochiae Fructus by honey-toasting technology from chemical viewpoint.Methods:The contents of aristolochic acid analogues (AAs)in Aristolochiae Fructus and its honey-toasted product were determined by HPLC,and the degree of de-toxicfication was evaluated comprehensively.Results:After honey-toasted,the contents of AAs decreased to varying degrees,and some new compounds were found.Conclusion:The constituents and contents of Aristolochiae Fructus change after honey-toasted,which indicate honey-toasting can rednce the toxicity of Aristolochiae Fructus.%目的:从化学角度探讨马兜铃蜜炙减毒的程度.方法:采用HPLC法测定马兜铃蜜炙前后几种主要马兜铃酸类成分的含量,并结合其他色谱峰的变化情况综合分析蜜炙减毒的程度.结果:马兜铃经蜜炙后,几种马兜铃酸类物质有不同程度的降低并且有新的物质生成.结论:马兜铃经蜜炙后,其化学成分发生了质和量的变化,证实蜜炙能够减毒.

1. 一点红化学成分分离及其原儿茶酸含量测定%Isolation of chemical constituents of Emilia sonchifolia and determination of protocatechuic acid

王立升; 陈淋敏; 张艳华; 庞丽

2014-01-01

For the development and utilization of the medicinal worth of Emilia sonchifolia plants, the chemical constituents of Emilia sonchifolia were extracted with water extraction and alcohol pre-cipitation methods. Combined with the use of sub-polar semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography to isolation the parts of ethyl acetate extract of Emilia sonchifolia aqueous extract and determine the structure of a compound based on their physicochemical properties and spectral data. Five compounds were isolated from the Emilia sonchifolia, which were identified as:4-hydroxyphe-nylacetic acid (1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (3), protocatechuic acid (4), and syringic acid (5) . All compounds except compound 2 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The determination of protocatechuic acid in Emilia sonchifolia was performed using ex-ternal standard method. The standard curve of protocatechuic acid showed a good linearity in the range of 10~100 μg of concentration with R2=0. 999 5. The method developed in this study was rapid, accurate and easy to be used, therefore it would be good for determination of protocatechuic acid content in Emilia sonchifolia.%为开发利用一点红植物的药用价值，以水提醇沉法提取一点红药材，采用极性分段结合半制备高效液相色谱法分离提取一点红水提物乙酸乙酯萃取部位，并根据理化性质和波谱数据确定其化合物结构，结果从一点红全草药材中分离得到5个单体化合物，经鉴定分别为对羟基苯乙酸(1)、对羟基苯甲酸(2)、对羟基肉桂酸(3)、原儿茶酸(4)、丁香酸(5)，除化合物2外的4个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到；并采用外标法测定一点红中原儿茶酸的含量，其标准曲线在10~100μg范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9995)，该方法准确度高、重复性好，是一种快速有效的检测一点红中原儿茶酸含量的方法。

2. Observation of Fano resonances in all-dielectric nanoparticle oligomers.

Chong, Katie E; Hopkins, Ben; Staude, Isabelle; Miroshnichenko, Andrey E; Dominguez, Jason; Decker, Manuel; Neshev, Dragomir N; Brener, Igal; Kivshar, Yuri S

2014-05-28

It is well-known that oligomers made of metallic nanoparticles are able to support sharp Fano resonances originating from the interference of two plasmonic resonant modes with different spectral width. While such plasmonic oligomers suffer from high dissipative losses, a new route for achieving Fano resonances in nanoparticle oligomers has opened up after the recent experimental observations of electric and magnetic resonances in low-loss dielectric nanoparticles. Here, light scattering by all-dielectric oligomers composed of silicon nanoparticles is studied experimentally for the first time. Pronounced Fano resonances are observed for a variety of lithographically-fabricated heptamer nanostructures consisting of a central particle of varying size, encircled by six nanoparticles of constant size. Based on a full collective mode analysis, the origin of the observed Fano resonances is revealed as a result of interference of the optically-induced magnetic dipole mode of the central particle with the collective mode of the nanoparticle structure. This allows for effective tuning of the Fano resonance to a desired spectral position by a controlled size variation of the central particle. Such optically-induced magnetic Fano resonances in all-dielectric oligomers offer new opportunities for sensing and nonlinear applications. PMID:24616191

3. TAU OLIGOMERS AS DIRECT TARGETS FOR ALZHEIMER´S DIAGNOSIS AND NOVEL DRUGS

Leonardo eGuzman-Martinez

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A cumulative number of approaches have been carried out to elucidate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer´s disease (AD. Tangle formation has been identified as a major event involved in the neurodegenerative process, due to the conversion of either soluble peptides or oligomers into insoluble filaments. Most of recent studies share in common the observation that formation of tau oligomers and the subsequent pathological filaments arrays is a critical step in AD etiopathogenesis. Oligomeric tau species appear to be neurotoxic for neuronal cells, and therefore appear as an appropriate target for the design of molecules that may control morphological and functional alterations leading to cognitive impairment. Thus, current therapeutic strategies are aimed at three major types of molecules: 1 Inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases that may control neuronal degeneration, 2 Methylene blue, and 3 Natural phytocomplexes and polyphenolics compounds able to either inhibit the formation of tau filaments or disaggregate them. Only a few polyphenolic molecules have emerged to prevent tau aggregation. Fulvic acid, a humic substance, has a potential activity to protect cognitive impairment. In fact, formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs in vitro, is inhibited by fulvic acid affecting the length of fibrils and their morphology.

4. Oligomer Molecules for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics.

Lin, Yuze; Zhan, Xiaowei

2016-02-16

Solar cells, a renewable, clean energy technology that efficiently converts sunlight into electricity, are a promising long-term solution for energy and environmental problems caused by a mass of production and the use of fossil fuels. Solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted much attention in the past few years because of several advantages, including easy fabrication, low cost, lightweight, and flexibility. Now, OSCs exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 10%. In the early stage of OSCs, vapor-deposited organic dye materials were first used in bilayer heterojunction devices in the 1980s, and then, solution-processed polymers were introduced in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices. Relative to polymers, vapor-deposited small molecules offer potential advantages, such as a defined molecular structure, definite molecular weight, easy purification, mass-scale production, and good batch-to-batch reproducibility. However, the limited solubility and high crystallinity of vapor-deposited small molecules are unfavorable for use in solution-processed BHJ OSCs. Conversely, polymers have good solution-processing and film-forming properties and are easily processed into flexible devices, whereas their polydispersity of molecular weights and difficulty in purification results in batch to batch variation, which may hamper performance reproducibility and commercialization. Oligomer molecules (OMs) are monodisperse big molecules with intermediate molecular weights (generally in the thousands), and their sizes are between those of small molecules (generally with molecular weights 10000). OMs not only overcome shortcomings of both vapor-deposited small molecules and solution-processed polymers, but also combine their advantages, such as defined molecular structure, definite molecular weight, easy purification, mass-scale production, good batch-to-batch reproducibility, good solution processability, and film-forming properties. Therefore, OMs are a

5. Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligomers in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurin Solutions

Sokolová, L.; Williamson, H.; Sýkora, Jan; Hof, Martin; Gray, H. B.; Brutschy, B.; Vlček Jr., Antonín

2011-01-01

Roč. 115, č. 16 (2011), s. 4790-4800. ISSN 1520-6106 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) ME10124; GA MŠk(CZ) LC06063 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40400503 Keywords : mass spectrometry * oligomers * pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin solutions Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 3.696, year: 2011

6. The oxidation of aniline to aniline oligomers and polyaniline

Stejskal, Jaroslav; Trchová, Miroslava

Istanbul: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2013. s. 878. [World Chemistry Congress /44./. 11.08.2013-16.08.2013, Istanbul] R&D Projects: GA MŠk LG13037 Institutional support: RVO:61389013 Keywords : anilin e oligomers * polyaniline * microflowers Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry

7. Liquid chromatographic fractionations of mixtures of polystyrene oligomers

Oligomer mixtures of 800, 2200, and 4000 molecular weight polystyrene have been fractionated using silica and bonded phase columns under similar conditions of solvent gradient and flow rate. Using a hexane tetrahydrofuran gradient, the silica and nitro phases were best in that they separated 41 and 43 oligomers, respectively. At the other extreme, a phenyl bonded phase column gave virtually no resolution using a water/THF gradient, and a cyano bonded phase column, using the earlier hexane/tetrahydrofuran system, resolved only 10 oligomers. Amino and octadecyl bonded phase columns gave results intermediate between these two extremes. The strength of the solvent used to dissolve the sample was found to be of critical importance. Use of too good a sample solvent seriously degraded the attainable resolution. When number-average and weight-average molecular weights for an 800 molecular weight polystyrene sample were calculated from the oligomer distribution, the silica column gave values which were most consistent with those reported from other methods. 5 figures, 4 tables

8. Plasma amyloid beta peptides and oligomers antibodies in Alzheimer's disease

Zhou, L.; Chu, LW; Kwan, JSC; Ho, JWM; Lam, KSL; Ho, PWL; Chan, KH

2011-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Various forms of amyloid beta (Aβ) including Aβ peptides, oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils are thought to be pathogenic in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The exact pathophysiological role of endogenous Aβ autoantibodies (Ab) in healthy subjects and AD patients are uncertain. Potential protective role ...

9. Design, synthesis, and characterization of biomimetic oligomers

Laursen, Jonas Striegler

Peptides and proteins made from the 20 canonical amino acids are responsible for many processes necessary for organisms to function. Beside their composition, proteins obtain their activity and unique selectivity through an ability to display functionalities accurately in the three-dimensional sp...

10. Self-assembly of 33-mer gliadin peptide oligomers.

Herrera, M G; Benedini, L A; Lonez, C; Schilardi, P L; Hellweg, T; Ruysschaert, J-M; Dodero, V I

2015-11-28

The 33-mer gliadin peptide, LQLQPF(PQPQLPY)3PQPQPF, is a highly immunogenic peptide involved in celiac disease and probably in other immunopathologies associated with gliadin. Herein, dynamic light scattering measurements showed that 33-mer, in the micromolar concentration range, forms polydisperse nano- and micrometer range particles in aqueous media. This behaviour is reminiscent of classical association of colloids and we hypothesized that the 33-mer peptide self-assembles into micelles that could be the precursors of 33-mer oligomers in water. Deposition of 33-mer peptide aqueous solution on bare mica generated nano- and microstructures with different morphologies as revealed by atomic force microscopy. At 6 μM, the 33-mer is organised in isolated and clusters of spherical nanostructures. In the 60 to 250 μM concentration range, the spherical oligomers associated mainly in linear and annular arrangements and structures adopting a "sheet" type morphology appeared. At higher concentrations (610 μM), mainly filaments and plaques immersed in a background of nanospherical structures were detected. The occurrence of different morphologies of oligomers and finally the filaments suggests that the unique specific geometry of the 33-mer oligomers has a crucial role in the subsequent condensation and organization of their fractal structures into the final filaments. The self-assembly process on mica is described qualitatively and quantitatively by a fractal diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) behaviour with the fractal dimension in the range of 1.62 ± 0.02 to 1.73 ± 0.03. Secondary structure evaluation of the oligomers by Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) revealed the existence of a conformational equilibrium of self-assembled structures, from an extended conformation to a more folded parallel beta elongated structures. Altogether, these findings provide structural and morphological information about supramolecular organization of the 33-mer

11. Study of Synthesis of Copoly (lactic acid/glycolic acid) by Direct Melt Polycondensation

LAN Ping; GAO Qin-wei; SHAO Hui-li; HU Xue-chao

2005-01-01

A two steps direct copolymerisation process was developed. The first step is to produce oligomer and then the oligomer of lactic acid/glycolic acid (90/10) is polymerized with binary catalyst tin chloride dihydrate/ptoluenesulfonic acid. In this way, the direct synthesis of copoly (lactic acid/glycolic acid) without any organic solvent was investigated. The properties and structures of products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction and so on. The results show that comparatively high molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid can be prepared by direct processing under appropriate technological conditions.

12. Alteration of the selectivity of hybridization of immobilized oligonucleotide probes by co-immobilization with charged oligomers of ethylene glycol

A significant challenge exists in the creation of an environment for immobilized probe oligonucleotides that offer good structural regularity and reproducibility, where nearest neighbour interactions provide for control of selectivity, yet where the degree of hybridization does not alter nearest neighbour interactions. This new work explores whether a 'matrix isolation' method will produce the desired environment for the probe molecules. The DNA oligonucleotide probes are polyelectrolytes with charged backbones and significant flexibility. It is possible to isolate the probe molecules by surrounding each, on average, with a sheath of immobilized oligomer that is not based on complementary nucleic acid, yet that is a polyelectrolyte in order to control the surface density and charge within the mixed film. Preliminary work investigates a mixture of dT20 as the probe oligonucleotide, and a 20-mer oligomer primarily containing ethylene glycol phosphate, as a matrix isolation material in a 1:20 mole ratio, respectively. Melt temperature (Tm) measurements indicate that the thermodynamic stability of the probe molecules can be adjusted using the oligomer matrix to achieve lower Tm values by up to 5 deg. C, with full retention of selectivity for discrimination of single base pair mismatches even under conditions where the probes at a surface are saturated with complementary target

13. An electric nose based on arylenevinylene polymers and oligomers

de Wit, Michael

An electronic nose is an instrument, which comprises an array of electronic chemical sensors with partial specificity and an appropriate pattern-recognition system, capable of recognising simple or complex odours. Our efforts are centred around the sensors part of the nose. In fact, we applied a number of polymeric and oligomeric members of the arylenevinylene group of molecules as the active layer for conductimetric sensors (chemiresistors). The electric resistance of the active layer changes when it is exposed to vapors. The response of the sensor on a vapour is defined as the fractional, percentual change of the resistance compared to that in clean air. We made the sensors by depositing the organic layers on a substrate containing pre-printed gold contacts. At first we tested poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene) (PTV). A synthetic method was employed in which a soluble methoxy-precursor polymer of PTV was isolated, which was then spin-coated onto the substrate, and after being converted thermally to PTV, subsequently doped by iodine. The values of the responses of the PTV sensors are comparable to those sensors based on other conducting polymers, but the (partial) selectivity for the vapors is different. The responses of the PTV sensor are linearly related to the concentration. Incomplete conversion of the precursor polymer to the final PTV leads to copolymers of methoxy-PTV and PTV itself varying inter alia in the degree of conjugation. Chemiresistors based on these new materials show an affinity to vapors differing from that of PTV. We discovered that the arylenevinylenes need not to be of polymeric nature for this application. In fact, the arylenevinylene oligomers perform better. The oligomers are easier to modify and to process than polymers. We tested 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxystyrylbenzene) (OMT) in its pure form and in blends with polycarbonate. The responses of these oligomeric sensors are on the average five times higher than those of the

14. Chemical constituents of Salacia elliptica (Celastraceae)

Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Figueiredo, Rute Cunha; Sousa, Grasiely Faria de; Soares, Debora Barbosa da Silva; Rodrigues, Salomao Bento Vasconcelos; Silva, Fernando Cesar; Silva, Gracia Divina de Fatima, E-mail: lucienir@ufmg.b [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica; Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto [Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG (Brazil). Escola de Farmacia. Dept. de Farmacia

2010-07-01

The chemical investigation of Salacia elliptica allowed to the isolation of 20 constituents: two polyols, one xanthone, a mixture of long chain hydrocarbons, one carboxylic acid, one polymer, two steroidal compounds, one aromatic ester and eleven pentacyclic triterpenes. These triterpenes include 3{beta}-stearyloxy-oleanane, 3{beta}-stearyloxy-ursane, one seco-friedelane, and eight compounds of the friedelane series. The chemical structure and the relative configuration of a new triterpene 1,3-dioxo-16alpha-hydroxyfriedelane (15) were established through {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C NMR including 2D experiments (HMBC, HMQC, COSY and NOESY) and herein reported for the first time (author)

15. Charge transfer in conjugated oligomers encapsulated into carbon nanotubes

Almadori, Y.; Alvarez, L.; Michel, T.; Le Parc, R.; Bantignies, J.L.; Hermet, P.; Sauvajol, J.L. [Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5521, Universite Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier (France); Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5521, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier (France); Arenal, R. [Laboratoire d' Etude des Microstructures, CNRS-ONERA, 92322 Chatillon (France); Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, U. Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza (Spain); Babaa, R. [Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, CEA, IRAMIS, SPCSI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France); Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology PETRONAS, UTP, Ipoh-Perak (Malaysia); Jouselme, B.; Palacin, S. [Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, CEA, IRAMIS, SPCSI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France)

2011-11-15

This study deals with a hybrid system consisting in quaterthiophene derivative encapsulated inside single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Investigations of the encapsulation step are performed by transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy data point out different behaviors depending on the laser excitation energy with respect to the optical absorption of quaterthiophene. At low excitation energy (far from the oligomer resonance window) there is no significant modification of the Raman spectra before and after encapsulation. By contrast, at high excitation energy (close to the oligomer resonance window), Raman spectra exhibit a G-band shift together with an important RBM intensity loss, suggesting a significant charge transfer between the inserted molecule and the host nanotubes. Those results suggest a photo induced process leading to a significant charge transfer. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

16. Ultrafast Killing and Self-Gelling Antimicrobial Imidazolium Oligomers.

Riduan, Siti Nurhanna; Yuan, Yuan; Zhou, Feng; Leong, Jiayu; Su, Haibin; Zhang, Yugen

2016-04-01

Infectious diseases and the increasing threat of worldwide pandemics have underscored the importance of antibiotics and hygiene. Intensive efforts have been devoted to developing new antibiotics to meet the rapidly growing demand. In particular, advancing the knowledge of the structure-property-activity relationship is critical to expedite the design and development of novel antimicrobial with the needed potential and efficacy. Herein, a series of new antimicrobial imidazolium oligomers are developed with the rational manipulation of terminal group's hydrophobicity. These materials exhibit superior activity, excellent selectivity, ultrafast killing (>99.7% killing within 30 s), and desirable self-gelling properties. Molecular dynamic simulations reveal the delicate effect of structural changes on the translocation motion across the microbial cell membrane. The energy barrier of the translocation process analyzed by free energy calculations provides clear kinetic information to suggest that the spontaneous penetration requires a very short timescale of seconds to minutes for the new imidazolium oligomers. PMID:26891016

17. Microspherical aniline oligomers and their nitrogen-containing carbon analogues

Rozlívková, Zuzana; Trchová, Miroslava; Konyushenko, Elena; Stejskal, Jaroslav

Granada : European Polymer Federation, 2011. s. 1166. ISBN 978-84-694-3124-5. [European Polymer Congress 2011, Congress of the Specialized Group of Polymers /12./. 26.06.2011-01.07.2011, Granada] R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA100500902 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Keywords : anilin e oligomers * self-assembly * carbonization Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry

18. Some biological actions of PEG-conjugated RNase A oligomers

Poučková, P.; Škvor, J.; Gotte, G.; Vottariello, F.; Slavík, Tomáš; Matoušek, Josef; Laurents, D. V.; Libonati, M.; Souček, J.

2006-01-01

Roč. 53, č. 1 (2006), s. 79-85. ISSN 0028-2685 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA523/04/0755; GA MZd NR8233 Grant ostatní: Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Technologia BQU2003-05227 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50450515 Keywords : RNase A oligomers * polyethylene glycol conjugates * anti-tumour activity Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.247, year: 2006

19. Circular dichroism from Fano resonances in planar chiral oligomers

Hopkins, Ben; Poddubny, Alexander N.; Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.; Kivshar, Yuri S.

2015-05-01

Here we present a general approach for describing the physics of Fano resonances in nanoparticle oligomers. It is shown that the interference of nonorthogonal collective eigenmodes is a sufficient condition to produce Fano resonances. We then show that such nonorthogonality between eigenmodes also permits the existence of a new form circular dichroism in the absorption and scattering cross-sections, even when circular dichroism is forbidden in the extinction cross-section.

20. SELECTIVE TRANSPORT OF GOLD（Ⅱ） THROUGH THE LIQUID MEMBRANE CONTAINING POLYTHIOETHER OLIGOMER AS CARRIER

XUYuwu; WANGYing; 等

1993-01-01

This paper deals with the transport properties of oligomer of polythioether PSA used as moble carrier in bulk liquid membrane for gold(Ⅲ).It was found that Au(Ⅲ) can be transported by PSA from source phase to receiving phase completely under appropriate conditions and only Au(Ⅲ) can be transferred through the liquid membrane to receiving phase from a mixture of Na(I)-Cu(Ⅱ）-Au(Ⅲ）-Fe(Ⅲ）-Pt(Ⅳ） in the following system:HAuCl4-HCl(aq.)/PSA-ClCH2-CH2Cl/(NH2)2CS-HCl(aq.).The transport rate of Au(Ⅲ） depended on the concentration of carrier,the thickness of liquid membrane,the concentration of Au(Ⅲ） in source phase and the acidity of the media.

1. The Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymer/Oligomer Blends

Zheng, Wei; McKenna, Gregory; Simon, Sindee

2009-03-01

The dynamics in athermal blends of poly(α-methyl styrene) (PaMS) and its short chain oligomer are investigated using rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Master curves for the dynamic shear responses, G' and G", are successfully constructed for both the pure materials and the blends, indicating the validity of the time-temperature superposition principle. The temperature dependence of the shift factor follows the WLF (Williams-Landel-Ferry) behavior over the temperature range studied, and for the blends, the dependence is dominated by the high mobility oligomer. The discrete relaxation spectra of the materials are calculated and are found to be broader for the blends than for the pure materials. A similar domination of the dynamics by the oligomer is observed in DSC enthalpy recovery studies and in the broadened glass transition from DSC. The ability to predict the dynamic responses of the blends from the responses of the neat materials is examined, and whether this prediction needs to incorporate the self-concentration idea as described in Colmenero's model will be discussed.

2. Aβ42 oligomers selectively disrupt neuronal calcium release.

Lazzari, Cristian; Kipanyula, Maulilio J; Agostini, Mario; Pozzan, Tullio; Fasolato, Cristina

2015-02-01

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides correlates with aging and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ peptides, which cause early synaptic dysfunctions, spine loss, and memory deficits, also disturb intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. By cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) measurements, we here define the short-term effects of synthetic Aβ42 on neuronal Ca(2+) dynamics. When applied acutely at submicromolar concentration, as either oligomers or monomers, Aβ42 did not cause Ca(2+) release or Ca(2+) influx. Similarly, 1-hour treatment with Aβ42 modified neither the resting cytosolic Ca(2+) level nor the long-lasting Ca(2+) influx caused by KCl-induced depolarization. In contrast, Aβ42 oligomers, but not monomers, significantly altered Ca(2+) release from stores with opposite effects on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)- and caffeine-induced Ca(2+) mobilization without alteration of the total store Ca(2+) content. Ca(2+) dysregulation by Aβ42 oligomers involves metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 and requires network activity and the intact exo-endocytotic machinery, being prevented by tetrodotoxin and tetanus toxin. These findings support the idea that Ca(2+) store dysfunction is directly involved in Aβ42 neurotoxicity and represents a potential therapeutic target in AD-like dementia. PMID:25453559

3. Characterization of radiation modified κ-carrageenan oligomers for bio-based materials development

κ-carrageenan oligomers are known to have several biological activities such as anti-HIV, anti-herpes, antitumor and antioxidant properties. Recent progress in the development of radiation modified κ-carrageenan has resulted in new applications such as plant growth promoter, radiation dose indicator and hydrogels for wound dressing. This presentation would touch on the changes in chemical structure, gelation and conformational transition behavior and molecular size of κ-carrageenan at doses from 0 to 200 kGy and would be correlated to these functions for the development of bio-based materials. Chemical and spectral analyses were carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, reducing sugar analysis, free sulfate and carboxylic acid analysis. The chemical and spectral analyses of the radiolytic products indicated increasing reducing sugars, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, and sulfates with increasing doses which reached a maximum level at a certain dose depending on the irradiation condition. Values were very much lower in solid irradiation (in vacuum and in air) as compared to aqueous irradiation. NMR data also revealed an intact structure of the oligomer irradiated at 100 kGy in the specific fraction that contains an Mw = (3-10) kDa. κ-carrageenan oligomers exhibited antioxidant properties as determined by hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging capacity assay. The degree of oxidative inhibition increased with increasing dose which can be attributed to higher reducing sugar. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments showed that a dose of up to 50 kGy, sol-gelation transition was still observed. Beyond 50 kGy, no gelation took place, instead appearance of fast relax-carrageenan mode in characteristic decay time function was observed at doses of (75-150) kGy. Optimum peak intensity was found at 100 kGy (mol wt. 5-10 kDa) which coincides with the optimum plant growth promoter effect in κ

4. Microwave-assisted click polymerization for the synthesis of Abeta(16-22) cyclic oligomers and their self-assembly into polymorphous aggregates.

Elgersma, Ronald C; van Dijk, Maarten; Dechesne, Annemarie C; van Nostrum, Cornelus F; Hennink, Wim E; Rijkers, Dirk T S; Liskamp, Rob M J

2009-11-01

We report on the design, synthesis, and structural analysis of cyclic oligomers with an amyloidogenic peptide sequence as the repeating unit to obtain novel self-assembling bionanomaterials. The peptide was derived from the Alzheimer Abeta(16-22) sequence since its strong tendency to form antiparallel beta-sheets ensured the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bridges on which the supramolecular assembly of the individual cyclic oligomers was based. The synthesis of the cyclic oligomers was performed via a microwave-assisted Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azido-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-Glu-propargyl amide as the monomer. The formation of cyclic oligomers, up to pentamers (35 amino acid residues), was verified by MALDI-TOF analysis and the individual cyclic monomer and dimer could be isolated by HPLC. Gelation behavior and the self-assembly of the linear monomer and the cyclic monomer and dimer were studied by TEM, FTIR and CD. Significant differences were observed in the morphology of the supramolecular aggregates of these three peptides that could be explained by alterations of the hydrogen bond network. PMID:19830304

5. Pyridine-containing m-phenylene ethynylene oligomers having tunable basicities.

Heemstra, Jennifer M; Moore, Jeffrey S

2004-03-01

Incorporation of a pyridine monomer into the backbone of a m-phenylene ethynylene oligomer allows functionalization of the interior binding cavity of the folded oligomer. The basicity of the inwardly directed pyridine moiety was modulated by changing the substituents on the pyridine ring and through oligomer folding, granting access to a pK(a) range of 5-14 in acetonitrile. [reaction: see text] PMID:14986943

6. Antiinflammatory constituents of teramnus labialis

Sridhar C

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Bioassay-guided fractionation, based on antiinflammatory activity of the methanolic extractives of Teramnus labialis led to the isolation and characterization of vitexin, bergenin, daidzin and 3-O-methyl-D- chiro -inositol as active constituents. Vitexin exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity on 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. The isolated constituents were also screened for their antioxidant activity by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT riboflavin photo reduction method. Vitexin exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. This is the first reported occurrence of vitexin, bergenin, daidzin and 3-O-methyl-D- chiro -inositol in T. labialis.

7. Adsorption behavior of conjugated {C}3-oligomers on Si(100) and HOPG surfaces

Mahieu, G; Stiévenard, Didier; Krzeminski, Christophe; Delerue, Christophe; Roncali, Jean; Martineau, C; 10.1021/la026907n

2012-01-01

A pi-conjugated {C}3h-oligomer involving three dithienylethylene branches bridged at the meta positions of a central benzenic core has been synthesized and deposited either on the Si(100) surface or on the HOPG surface. On the silicon surface, scanning tunneling microscopy allows the observation of isolated molecules. Conversely, by substituting the thiophene rings of the oligomers with alkyl chains, a spontaneous ordered film is observed on the HOPG surface. As the interaction of the oligomers is different with both surfaces, the utility of the Si(100) surface to characterize individual oligomers prior to their use into a 2D layer is discussed.

8. Gene-Specific Effects of Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer-Peptide Conjugates on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Pure Culture and in Tissue Culture

Lucas D Tilley; Hine, Orion S.; Kellogg, Jill A.; Hassinger, Jed N.; Weller, Dwight D.; Iversen, Patrick L.; Geller, Bruce L.

2006-01-01

The objective was to improve efficacy of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) by improving their uptake into bacterial cells. Four different bacterium-permeating peptides, RFFRFFRFFXB, RTRTRFLRRTXB, RXXRXXRXXB, and KFFKFFKFFKXB (X is 6-aminohexanoic acid and B is β-alanine), were separately coupled to two different PMOs that are complementary to regions near the start codons of a luciferase reporter gene (luc) and a gene required for viability (acpP). Luc peptide-PMOs targ...

9. Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Metabolites, Constituents, and Extracts

Williams Melvin

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract This is the fifth in a series of six articles to discuss the major classes of dietary supplements (vitamins; minerals; amino acids; herbs or botanicals; and metabolites/constituents/extracts. The major focus is on efficacy of such dietary supplements to enhance exercise or sports performance.

10. Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Metabolites, Constituents, and Extracts

Williams Melvin

2006-01-01

Abstract This is the fifth in a series of six articles to discuss the major classes of dietary supplements (vitamins; minerals; amino acids; herbs or botanicals; and metabolites/constituents/extracts). The major focus is on efficacy of such dietary supplements to enhance exercise or sports performance.

11. Antifungal constituents of Melicope borbonica

Simonsen, Henrik Toft; Adsersen, Anne; Bremner, Paul;

2004-01-01

-methoxycoumarin, cedrelopsin and psoralen], two sesquiterpenes (alpha-curcumene and 3,6-epidioxy-1,10-bisaboladiene), eugenol, methyleugenol and a lignan (sesamin) were isolated. None of the isolated constituents exhibited antiin fl ammatory activity in vitro. No alkaloids were detected....

12. Inactivation of lipoprotein lipase occurs on the surface of THP-1 macrophages where oligomers of angiopoietin-like protein 4 are formed

Makoveichuk, Elena; Sukonina, Valentina; Kroupa, Olessia [Department of Medical Biosciences, Physiological Chemistry Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea (Sweden); Thulin, Petra; Ehrenborg, Ewa [Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm (Sweden); Olivecrona, Thomas [Department of Medical Biosciences, Physiological Chemistry Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea (Sweden); Olivecrona, Gunilla, E-mail: Gunilla.Olivecrona@medbio.umu.se [Department of Medical Biosciences, Physiological Chemistry Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea (Sweden)

2012-08-24

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity is controlled by ANGPTL4 in THP-1 macrophages. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Both LPL and ANGPTL4 bind to THP-1 macrophages in a heparin-releasable fashion. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Only monomers of ANGPTL4 are present within THP-1 macrophages. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Covalent oligomers of ANGPTL4 appear on cell surface and in medium. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Inactivation of LPL coincide with ANGPTL4 oligomer formation on cell surfaces. -- Abstract: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides in plasma lipoproteins causing release of fatty acids for metabolic purposes in muscles and adipose tissue. LPL in macrophages in the artery wall may, however, promote foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) 4 inactivates LPL and ANGPTL4 expression is controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). The mechanisms for inactivation of LPL by ANGPTL4 was studied in THP-1 macrophages where active LPL is associated with cell surfaces in a heparin-releasable form, while LPL in the culture medium is mostly inactive. The PPAR{delta} agonist GW501516 had no effect on LPL mRNA, but increased ANGPTL4 mRNA and caused a marked reduction of the heparin-releasable LPL activity concomitantly with accumulation of inactive, monomeric LPL in the medium. Intracellular ANGPTL4 was monomeric, while dimers and tetramers of ANGPTL4 were present in the heparin-releasable fraction and medium. GW501516 caused an increase in the amount of ANGPTL4 oligomers on the cell surface that paralleled the decrease in LPL activity. Actinomycin D blocked the effects of GW501516 on ANGPTL4 oligomer formation and prevented the inactivation of LPL. Antibodies against ANGPTL4 interfered with the inactivation of LPL. We conclude that inactivation of LPL in THP-1 macrophages primarily occurs on the cell surface where oligomers of ANGPTL4 are formed.

13. Inactivation of lipoprotein lipase occurs on the surface of THP-1 macrophages where oligomers of angiopoietin-like protein 4 are formed

Highlights: ► Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity is controlled by ANGPTL4 in THP-1 macrophages. ► Both LPL and ANGPTL4 bind to THP-1 macrophages in a heparin-releasable fashion. ► Only monomers of ANGPTL4 are present within THP-1 macrophages. ► Covalent oligomers of ANGPTL4 appear on cell surface and in medium. ► Inactivation of LPL coincide with ANGPTL4 oligomer formation on cell surfaces. -- Abstract: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides in plasma lipoproteins causing release of fatty acids for metabolic purposes in muscles and adipose tissue. LPL in macrophages in the artery wall may, however, promote foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) 4 inactivates LPL and ANGPTL4 expression is controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). The mechanisms for inactivation of LPL by ANGPTL4 was studied in THP-1 macrophages where active LPL is associated with cell surfaces in a heparin-releasable form, while LPL in the culture medium is mostly inactive. The PPARδ agonist GW501516 had no effect on LPL mRNA, but increased ANGPTL4 mRNA and caused a marked reduction of the heparin-releasable LPL activity concomitantly with accumulation of inactive, monomeric LPL in the medium. Intracellular ANGPTL4 was monomeric, while dimers and tetramers of ANGPTL4 were present in the heparin-releasable fraction and medium. GW501516 caused an increase in the amount of ANGPTL4 oligomers on the cell surface that paralleled the decrease in LPL activity. Actinomycin D blocked the effects of GW501516 on ANGPTL4 oligomer formation and prevented the inactivation of LPL. Antibodies against ANGPTL4 interfered with the inactivation of LPL. We conclude that inactivation of LPL in THP-1 macrophages primarily occurs on the cell surface where oligomers of ANGPTL4 are formed.

14. Antioxidant Constituents of Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd.

Holzer, Veronika M D; Lower-Nedza, Agnieszka D; Nandintsetseg, Myagmar; Batkhuu, Javzan; Brantner, Adelheid H

2013-01-01

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd. and the identification of antioxidant active constituents of this plant. C. melanocarpus Lodd. is a shrub indigenous to Mongolia and used in Traditional Mongolian Medicine as a styptic. Before extraction, the plant material was separated into three parts: young sterile shoots, older stems and leaves. All these parts were extracted with water, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane, successively. The methanolic extract of the sterile shoots showed the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay (IC50 30.91 ± 2.97 µg/mL). This active extract was further analyzed with chromatographic methods. TLC fingerprinting and HPLC indicated the presence of the flavonol glycosides quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoquercetin), ursolic acid as well as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid. The findings were substantiated with LC-MS. All identified compounds have antioxidant properties and therefore contribute to the radical scavenging activity of the whole plant. PMID:26784464

15. Antioxidant Constituents of Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd.

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd. and the identification of antioxidant active constituents of this plant. C. melanocarpus Lodd. is a shrub indigenous to Mongolia and used in Traditional Mongolian Medicine as a styptic. Before extraction, the plant material was separated into three parts: young sterile shoots, older stems and leaves. All these parts were extracted with water, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane, successively. The methanolic extract of the sterile shoots showed the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (IC50 30.91 ± 2.97 µg/mL. This active extract was further analyzed with chromatographic methods. TLC fingerprinting and HPLC indicated the presence of the flavonol glycosides quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoquercetin, ursolic acid as well as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid. The findings were substantiated with LC-MS. All identified compounds have antioxidant properties and therefore contribute to the radical scavenging activity of the whole plant.

16. Characterization of glycidyl methacrylate - crosslinked hyaluronan hydrogel scaffolds incorporating elastogenic hyaluronan oligomers.

Ibrahim, S; Kothapalli, C R; Kang, Q K; Ramamurthi, A

2011-02-01

Prior studies on two-dimensional cell cultures suggest that hyaluronic acid (HA) stimulates cell-mediated regeneration of extracellular matrix structures, specifically those containing elastin, though such biologic effects are dependent on HA fragment size. Towards being able to regenerate three-dimensional (3-D) elastic tissue constructs, the present paper studies photo-crosslinked hydrogels containing glycidyl methacrylate (GM)-derivatized bio-inert high molecular weight (HMW) HA (1 × 10(6)Da) and a bioactive HA oligomer mixture (HA-o: MW ∼0.75 kDa). The mechanical (rheology, degradation) and physical (apparent crosslinking density, swelling ratio) properties of the gels varied as a function of incorporated HA oligomer content; however, overall, the mechanics of these hydrogels were too weak for vascular applications as stand-alone materials. Upon in vivo subcutaneous implantation, only a few inflammatory cells were evident around GM-HA gels, however their number increased as HA-o content within the gels increased, and the collagen I distribution was uniform. Smooth muscle cells (SMC) were encapsulated into GM hydrogels, and calcein acetoxymethyl detection revealed that the cells were able to endure twofold the level of UV exposure used to crosslink the gels. After 21 days of culture, SMC elastin production, measured by immunofluorescence quantification, showed HA-o to increase cellular deposition of elastic matrix twofold relative to HA-o-free GM-HA gels. These results demonstrate that cell response to HA/HA-o is not altered by their methacrylation and photo-crosslinking into a hydrogel, and that HA-o incorporation into cell-encapsulating hydrogel scaffolds can be useful for enhancing their production of elastic matrix structures in a 3-D space, important for regenerating elastic tissues. PMID:20709199

17. Conformation of chromatin oligomers. A new argument for a change with the hexanucleosome.

Marion, C; Bezot, P; Hesse-Bezot, C; Roux, B; Bernengo, J C

1981-11-01

Quasielastic laser light scattering measurements have been made on chromatin oligomers to obtain information on the transition in their electrooptical properties, previously observed for the hexameric structures [Marion, C. and Roux, B. (1978) Nucleic Acids Res. 5, 4431-4449]. Translational diffusion coefficients were determined for mononucleosomes to octanucleosomes containing histone H1 over a range of ionic strength. At high ionic strength, oligomers show a linear dependence of the logarithm of diffusion coefficient upon the logarithm of number of nucleosomes. At low ionic strength a change occurs between hexamer and heptamer. Our results agree well with the recent sedimentation data of Osipova et al. [Eur. J. Biochem. (1980) 113, 183-188] and of Butler and Thomas [J. Mol. Biol. (1980) 140, 505-529] showing a change in stability with hexamer. Various models for the arrangements of nucleosomes in the superstructure of chromatin are discussed. All calculations clearly indicate a conformational change with the hexanucleosome and the results suggest that, at low ionic strength, the chromatin adopts a loosely helical structure of 28-nm diameter and 22-nm pitch. These results are also consistent with a discontinuity every sixth nucleosome, corresponding to a turn of the helix. This discontinuity may explain the recent electric dichroism data of Lee et al. [Biochemistry (1981) 20, 1438-1445]. The hexanucleosome structure which we have previously suggested, with the faces of nucleosomes arranged radially to the helical axis has been recently confirmed by Mc Ghee et al. [Cell (1980) 22, 87-96]. With an increase of ionic strength, the helix becomes more regular and compact with a slightly reduced outer diameter and a decreased pitch, the dimensions resembling those proposed for solenoid models. PMID:7308214

18. Effect of synthetic aβ peptide oligomers and fluorinated solvents on Kv1.3 channel properties and membrane conductance.

Maria I Lioudyno

Full Text Available The impact of synthetic amyloid β (1-42 (Aβ(1-42 oligomers on biophysical properties of voltage-gated potassium channels Kv 1.3 and lipid bilayer membranes (BLMs was quantified for protocols using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP or sodium hydroxide (NaOH as solvents prior to initiating the oligomer formation. Regardless of the solvent used Aβ(1-42 samples contained oligomers that reacted with the conformation-specific antibodies A11 and OC and had similar size distributions as determined by dynamic light scattering. Patch-clamp recordings of the potassium currents showed that synthetic Aβ(1-42 oligomers accelerate the activation and inactivation kinetics of Kv 1.3 current with no significant effect on current amplitude. In contrast to oligomeric samples, freshly prepared, presumably monomeric, Aβ(1-42 solutions had no effect on Kv 1.3 channel properties. Aβ(1-42 oligomers had no effect on the steady-state current (at -80 mV recorded from Kv 1.3-expressing cells but increased the conductance of artificial BLMs in a dose-dependent fashion. Formation of amyloid channels, however, was not observed due to conditions of the experiments. To exclude the effects of HFIP (used to dissolve lyophilized Aβ(1-42 peptide, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA (used during Aβ(1-42 synthesis, we determined concentrations of these fluorinated compounds in the stock Aβ(1-42 solutions by (19F NMR. After extensive evaporation, the concentration of HFIP in the 100× stock Aβ(1-42 solutions was ∼1.7 μM. The concentration of residual TFA in the 70× stock Aβ(1-42 solutions was ∼20 μM. Even at the stock concentrations neither HFIP nor TFA alone had any effect on potassium currents or BLMs. The Aβ(1-42 oligomers prepared with HFIP as solvent, however, were more potent in the electrophysiological tests, suggesting that fluorinated compounds, such as HFIP or structurally-related inhalational anesthetics, may affect Aβ(1-42 aggregation and potentially enhance ability

19. The flower-like hierarchical architectures assembled from aniline oligomers

Zhao, Yanchai; Tomšík, Elena; Trchová, Miroslava; Stejskal, Jaroslav

Volume 1, No1. Sumy : Sumy State University Publishing, 2012 - (Pogrebnjak, A.), 01PCN16_1-01PCN16_4 ISSN 2304-1862. [International Conference /2./ "Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties - 2012 (NAP-2012)". Alushta (UA), 17.09.2012-22.09.2012] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/09/1626; GA AV ČR IAA400500905; GA ČR GAP205/12/0911 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Institutional support: RVO:61389013 Keywords : self-assembly * anilin e * oligomers Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry

20. A synthetic analogue of melittin aggregates in large oligomers.

John, E.; Jähnig, F

1992-01-01

An analogue of melittin synthesized in the group of E. T. Kaiser (DeGrado, W. F., F. J. Keźdy, and E. T. Kaiser. 1981. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103:679-681) was investigated by Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence anisotropy decay. In water, the analogue is completely alpha-helical and aggregates in large oligomers of about 50 monomers. In vesicle membranes, it undergoes orientational fluctuations similar to melittin. The most significant difference from melittin, therefore, is the formation of strai...

1. Structural Transitions of Solvent-Free Oligomer-Grafted Nanoparticles

Chremos, Alexandros

2011-09-01

Novel structural transitions of solvent-free oligomer-grafted nanoparticles are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained bead-spring model. Variations in core size and grafting density lead to self-assembly of the nanoparticles into a variety of distinct structures. At the boundaries between different structures, the nanoparticle systems undergo thermoreversible transitions. This structural behavior, which has not been previously reported, deviates significantly from that of simple liquids. The reversible nature of these transitions in solvent-free conditions offers new ways to control self-assembly of nanoparticles at experimentally accessible conditions. © 2011 American Physical Society.

2. Constituents

Thrane, Torben

2004-01-01

Taking language as a special, second-order representational system, the article explores some consequences of this view for syntactico-semantic analysis, in particular for the notion of argument structure.......Taking language as a special, second-order representational system, the article explores some consequences of this view for syntactico-semantic analysis, in particular for the notion of argument structure....

3. The Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Actions of Cordyceps sinensis.

Liu, Yi; Wang, Jihui; Wang, Wei; Zhang, Hanyue; Zhang, Xuelan; Han, Chunchao

2015-01-01

Cordyceps sinensis, also called DongChongXiaCao (winter worm, summer grass) in Chinese, is becoming increasingly popular and important in the public and scientific communities. This study summarizes the chemical constituents and their corresponding pharmacological actions of Cordyceps sinensis. Many bioactive components of Cordyceps sinensis have been extracted including nucleoside, polysaccharide, sterol, protein, amino acid, and polypeptide. In addition, these constituents' corresponding pharmacological actions were also shown in the study such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, antiapoptosis, and immunomodulatory actions. Therefore can use different effects of C. sinensis against different diseases and provide reference for the study of Cordyceps sinensis in the future. PMID:25960753

4. Amyloid oligomer structure characterization from simulations: A general method

Nguyen, Phuong H., E-mail: phuong.nguyen@ibpc.fr [Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080, CNRS Université Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris (France); Li, Mai Suan [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw (Poland); Derreumaux, Philippe, E-mail: philippe.derreumaux@ibpc.fr [Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080, CNRS Université Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris (France); Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Bvd Saint-Germain, 75005 Paris (France)

2014-03-07

Amyloid oligomers and plaques are composed of multiple chemically identical proteins. Therefore, one of the first fundamental problems in the characterization of structures from simulations is the treatment of the degeneracy, i.e., the permutation of the molecules. Second, the intramolecular and intermolecular degrees of freedom of the various molecules must be taken into account. Currently, the well-known dihedral principal component analysis method only considers the intramolecular degrees of freedom, and other methods employing collective variables can only describe intermolecular degrees of freedom at the global level. With this in mind, we propose a general method that identifies all the structures accurately. The basis idea is that the intramolecular and intermolecular states are described in terms of combinations of single-molecule and double-molecule states, respectively, and the overall structures of oligomers are the product basis of the intramolecular and intermolecular states. This way, the degeneracy is automatically avoided. The method is illustrated on the conformational ensemble of the tetramer of the Alzheimer's peptide Aβ{sub 9−40}, resulting from two atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent, each of 200 ns, starting from two distinct structures.

5. Acidic pH retards the fibrillization of human islet amyloid polypeptide due to electrostatic repulsion of histidines

Li, Yang; Xu, Weixin; Mu, Yuguang; Zhang, John Z. H.

2013-08-01

The human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP) is the major constituent of amyloid deposits in pancreatic islets of type-II diabetes. IAPP is secreted together with insulin from the acidic secretory granules at a low pH of approximately 5.5 to the extracellular environment at a neutral pH. The increased accumulation of extracellular hIAPP in diabetes indicates that changes in pH may promote amyloid formation. To gain insights and underlying mechanisms of the pH effect on hIAPP fibrillogenesis, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent model were performed to study the structural properties of five hIAPP protofibrillar oligomers, under acidic and neutral pH, respectively. In consistent with experimental findings, simulation results show that acidic pH is not conducive to the structural stability of these oligomers. This provides a direct evidence for a recent experiment [L. Khemtemourian, E. Domenech, J. P. F. Doux, M. C. Koorengevel, and J. A. Killian, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 15598 (2011)], 10.1021/ja205007j, which suggests that acidic pH inhibits the fibril formation of hIAPP. In addition, a complementary coarse-grained simulation shows the repulsive electrostatic interactions among charged His18 residues slow down the dimerization process of hIAPP by twofold. Besides, our all-atom simulations reveal acidic pH mainly affects the local structure around residue His18 by destroying the surrounding hydrogen-bonding network, due to the repulsive interactions between protonated interchain His18 residues at acidic pH. It is also disclosed that the local interactions nearby His18 operating between adjacent β-strands trigger the structural transition, which gives hints to the experimental findings that the rate of hIAPP fibril formation and the morphologies of the fibrillar structures are strongly pH-dependent.

6. Oligomer Formation Reactions of Criegee Intermediates in the Ozonolysis of Small Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Sakamoto, Y.; Inomata, S.; Hirokawa, J.

2013-12-01

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes a substantial fraction of atmospheric fine particulate matters and has an effect on visibility, climate and human health. One of the major oxidizing processes leading to SOA formation is an ozonolysis of unsaturated hydrocarbons (UHCs).[1] Despite of its importance, the contribution of the ozonolysis of UHCs to the SOA formation in the troposphere is not sufficiently understood due to a lack of information on reaction pathways to produce low volatile compounds. While many studies have previously been focused on SOA formation from the ozonolysis of large UHCs, SOA formation from the ozonolysis of UHCs with less than six carbon atoms have been rarely investigated because their products are expected to be too volatile to contribute to the SOA formation. Very recently, a few studies have reported the SOA formation from the ozonolysis of such small UHCs but chemical mechanisms are still unclear. [2-4] In order to understand SOA formation from the ozonolysis of the small UHCs, this study investigated gas- and particle-phase products in laboratory experiments with a Teflon bag using a negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (NI-CIMS) with chloride ion transfer for chemical ionization. This technique is suitable for analysis of compounds such as carboxylic acids and hydroperoxides expected to be produced in the ozonolysis of UHCs with less fragmentation, high selectivity, and high sensitivity. In the particle-phase analysis, SOAs collected on a PTFE filter were heated, and thermally desorbed compounds were analyzed. In the gas-phase analysis, series of peaks with an interval of a mass-to-charge ratio equal to the molecular weight of a Criegee intermediate formed in their ozonolysis were observed. These peaks were attributed to oligomeric hydroperoxides composed of Criegee intermediates as a chain unit. These oligomeric hydroperoxides were also observed in the particle-phase analysis, indicating that the oligomeric

7. Tau oligomers impair memory and induce synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction in wild-type mice

Jackson George R

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The correlation between neurofibrillary tangles of tau and disease progression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD patients remains an area of contention. Innovative data are emerging from biochemical, cell-based and transgenic mouse studies that suggest that tau oligomers, a pre-filament form of tau, may be the most toxic and pathologically significant tau aggregate. Results Here we report that oligomers of recombinant full-length human tau protein are neurotoxic in vivo after subcortical stereotaxic injection into mice. Tau oligomers impaired memory consolidation, whereas tau fibrils and monomers did not. Additionally, tau oligomers induced synaptic dysfunction by reducing the levels of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins synaptophysin and septin-11. Tau oligomers produced mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing the levels of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (electron transport chain complex I, and activated caspase-9, which is related to the apoptotic mitochondrial pathway. Conclusions This study identifies tau oligomers as an acutely toxic tau species in vivo, and suggests that tau oligomers induce neurodegeneration by affecting mitochondrial and synaptic function, both of which are early hallmarks in AD and other tauopathies. These results open new avenues for neuroprotective intervention strategies of tauopathies by targeting tau oligomers.

8. Chemical Constituents of Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth Alston

Song Yang

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The current study targets the chemical constituents of Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth Alston and investigates the bioactivities of the isolated compounds. Fourteen known compounds were isolated using column chromatography, and structural identification was performed by physical and spectral analyses. The biological activities of the compounds were also evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT and 2,2-diphenlyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assays. Emodin (6, baicalein (9, and apigenin (12 displayed antitumor activities against the MGC-803 cell line, while quercetin (2, rutin (5, baicalein (9, and epicatechin (13 showed stronger DPPH scavenging activities compared with ascorbic acid. Andrographolide (1, quercetin (2, bergenin (4, rutin (5, emodin (6, betulin (7, baicalein (9, polydatin (10, salicin (11, and apigenin (12, were obtained from C. decapetala (Roth Alston for the first time.

9. Current and constituent quark masses

It is shown how the current quark mass, engendered by the electroweak sector, gives rise to a constituent quark mass, via the Dyson-Schwinger equations. The chiral symmetry breaking phenomenon on massless QCD is thereby seen to have an implementable generalization to the situation in which the strong bare mass is non-zero. A consistent renormalization is carried out for an arbitrary covariant gauge. (author). 16 refs

10. Chemical constituents from Abutilon indicum.

Kuo, Ping-Chung; Yang, Mei-Lin; Wu, Pei-Lin; Shih, Hui-Nung; Thang, Tran Dinh; Dung, Nguyen Xuan; Wu, Tian-Shung

2008-01-01

The investigation on the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Abutilon indicum has resulted in the isolation of two new compounds, abutilin A (1) and (R)-N-(1'-methoxycarbonyl-2'-phenylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide (2), as well as 28 known compounds. The structures of the two new compounds were established on the basis of the spectroscopic analysis, and the known compounds were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with those reported in the literature. PMID:18636384

11. Hanford-specific waste constituents

This section gives an overview of the specific chemical separation problems that need to be addressed for the Hanford Site. The constituents of the waste include toxic metals, oxy-anions, sequestering agents, actinides (mainly plutonium and americium), noble metals, other radioactive materials (technetium, cesium, strontium), and organic materials. The four waste matrices in which these wastes are found are the underground storage tanks, the soils, groundwater, and decommissioned reactors and equipment

12. Chemical constituents of Amygdalus spp. oil from Iran

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background and objectives: Amygdalus with a number of endemic species grow vastly in Iran. Edible sweet almond (A. communis, is cultivated in many countries due to its pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic importance; while almond oil which is rich in oleic acid is known for its economic interest. In the present study, the amount and constituents of oil of six Amygdalus species including A. communis, A. Iranshahrii, A. scoparia, A. lycioides, A. reticulata  and A. elaeagnifolia have been analyzed. Methods: The oil of the plants fruits were obtained with hot and cold methods using n-hexane and their percentages were compared. Then, the oils were analysed by GC after methylation of their constituents. Results: The results demonstrated that the hot method gave higher oil yield than cold method. The amounts of the species oils were almost similar except for A. Iranshahrii which contained the least amount of the oil. The most dominant constituents of the oils comprised of palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids with almost the same pattern, consisting of mostly oleic acid followed by linoleic and palmitic acids. In all samples only little amounts of stearic acid was detectable. Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study, the evaluated species are of high economic value and could be used as alternatives to sweet almond in pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic industries.

13. The Role of Amyloid-β Oligomers in Toxicity, Propagation, and Immunotherapy

Sengupta, Urmi; Nilson, Ashley N.; Kayed, Rakez

2016-01-01

The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is growing every day and finding an effective treatment is becoming more vital. Amyloid-β (Aβ) has been the focus of research for several decades. The recent shift in the Aβ cascade hypothesis from all Aβ to small soluble oligomeric intermediates is directing the search for therapeutics towards the toxic mediators of the disease. Targeting the most toxic oligomers may prove to be an effective treatment by preventing their spread. Specific targeting of oligomers has been shown to protect cognition in rodent models. Additionally, the heterogeneity of research on Aβ oligomers may seem contradictory until size and conformation are taken into account. In this review, we will discuss Aβ oligomers and their toxicity in relation to size and conformation as well as their influence on inflammation and the potential of Aβ oligomer immunotherapy.

14. Measuring Single-Bond Rupture Forces Using High Electric Fields in Microfluidic Channels and DNA Oligomers as Force Tags

Breisch, Stefanie; Gonska, Julian; Deissler, Helmut; Stelzle, Martin

2005-01-01

The disruption force of specific biotin-streptavidin bonds was determined using DNA oligomers as force tags. Forces were generated by an electric field acting on a biotinylated fluorescently labeled DNA oligomer. DNA oligomers were immobilized via biotin-streptavidin bonds on the walls of microfluidic channels. Channel layout and fluid-based deposition process were designed to enable well-defined localized deposition of the oligomers in a narrow gap of the microchannel. Electric fields of up ...

15. EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT IN CONVENTIONAL AND NON CONVENTIONAL SPECIES OF CURCUMA

Saxena Jyoti

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Plants and plant based medicaments are the basis of many of the modern pharmaceutical we use today for our various aliment. Plant show medicinal properties as it contain phytochemical constituent. Phytochemical constituent are non nutritive plant chemical that have disease preventive properties .This paper reports an investigation of phytochemical constituent present in the Methanolic crude rhizome extract of conventional and non conventional Curcuma species i.e Curcuma caecia , Curcuma amada and Cucrcuma longa .The phytochemical analysis was performed to detect the presence of Carbohydrates ,Starch, Amino acid, Steroid, Tannin ,Alkaloid , Flavanoid ,Glycoside and Saponin . Presence of phytochemical constituent shows the protective and disease preventive properties of plants.

16. Chemical constituents from the whole plant of Gaultheria itoana Hayata.

Chen, Chung-Yi; Lin, Rong-Jyh; Huang, Jin-Cherng; Wu, Yi-Hung; Cheng, Ming-Jen; Hung, His-Chou; Lo, Wen-Li

2009-10-01

Two new diterpenoids, 14,18-dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (1) and 13-acetyl-14,18-dihydroxy-podocarpa-8,11,13-triene (2), together with eight known compounds, i.e., gaultheric acid (3), vanillic acid (4), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), cinnamic acid (6), stearic acid (7), palmitic acid (8), beta-sitosterol (9), and stigmasterol (10), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the whole plant of Gaultheria itoana Hayata (Ericaceae). The structures of the new constituents were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, and 1D- and 2D-NMR) and by mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Among them, 1 and 2 were demonstrated to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against the LNCaP cell line. PMID:19842133

17. INNOVATION CONSTITUENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

O. Zhylinska

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The paper substantiates an innovation constituent of sustainable development along with environmental, social and economic pillars of the concept. Determining of implementation details of innovation activity by J. Schumpeter is a theoretical prerequisite to understanding of innovation constituent. An innovator-entrepreneur provides a customer with an information image of 'new combinations.' The image is created by identifying customer's future needs, which outline business aims, subject and appropriate means for creating the innovation products. However, consumer choice is largely motivated by values and specific rules of behavior. The rules of consumer society that in the industrial age become the motive, morality and institution, did not consider the reproductive capabilities of the environment. This disagreement was previously presented in The Limits to Growth by the Club of Rome and was reflected in the concept of sustainable development, which gained immense significance after the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987 (Our Common Future. The study highlights importance for establishment of new social values that motivate innovators to change their thinking, comprehend their responsibility not only to consumers but also to the environment and future generations. The Rio+20 Corporate Sustainability Forum: Innovation and Collaboration for the Future We want, organized by the UN Global Compact, demonstrates the interest of entrepreneurs in practical implementation of the concept of sustainable development, through an effective innovation activity. The paper summarizes management tools for implementing business commitments to action in priority areas of ensuring sustainable development: Energy & Climate, Water & Ecosystems, Agriculture & Food, Economics & Finance of Sustainable Development, Social Development, and Urbanization & Cities. Main stages of changes in companies are outlined for making responsible

18. Diffusivities and Viscosities of Poly(ethylene oxide) Oligomers

Hong, Bingbing

2010-10-14

Diffusivities and viscosities of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) oligomer melts with 1 to 12 repeat units have been obtained from equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations using the TraPPE-UA force field. The simulations generated diffusion coefficients with high accuracy for all of the molar masses studied, but the statistical uncertainties in the viscosity calculations were significantly larger for longer chains. There is good agreement of the calculated viscosities and densities with available experimental data, and thus, the simulations can be used to bridge gaps in the data and for extrapolations with respect to chain length, temperature, and pressure. We explored the convergence characteristics of the Green-Kubo formulas for different chain lengths and propose minimal production times required for convergence of the transport properties. The chain-length dependence of the transport properties suggests that neither Rouse nor reptation models are applicable in the short-chain regime investigated. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

19. Radiation-chemical hardening of phenol-formaldehyde oligomers

Radiation-chemical hardening of phenol formaldehyde oligomers of the resol type has been studied in the presence of furfural and diallylphthalate diluents. The samples have been hardened on an electron accelerator at an electron energy of 1.0-1.1 MeV and a dose rate of 2-3 Mrad/s. The kinetics of hardening has been studied on the yield of gel fraction within the range of absorbed doses from 7 to 400 Mrad. Radiation-chemical hardening of the studied compositions is activated with sensitizers, namely, amines, metal chlorides, and heterocyclic derivatives of metals. Furfural and diallylphthalate compositions are suitable for forming glass-fibre plastic items by the wet method and coatings under the action of ionizing radiations

20. Formation of RNA oligomers on montmorillonite: site of catalysis

Ertem, G.; Ferris, J. P.

1998-01-01

Certain montmorillonites catalyze the self condensation of the 5'-phosphorimidazolide of nucleosides in pH 8 aqueous electrolyte solutions at ambient temperatures leading to formation of RNA oligomers. In order to establish the nature of the sites on montmorillonite responsible for this catalytic activity, oligomerization reactions were run with montmorillonites which had been selectively modified (I) at the edges by (a) fluoride treatment, (b) silylation, (c) metaphosphate treatment of the anion exchange sites (II) in the interlayer by (a) saturation with quaternary alkylammonium ions of increasing size, (b) aluminum polyoxo cations. High pressure liquid chromatography, HPLC, analysis of condensation products for their chain lengths and yields indicated that modification at the edges did not affect the catalytic activity to a significant extent, while blocking the interlayer strongly inhibited product formation.

1. VCD Studies on Chiral Characters of Metal Complex Oligomers

Hisako Sato

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The present article reviews the results on the application of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD spectroscopy to the study of stereochemical properties of chiral metal complexes in solution. The chiral characters reflecting on the vibrational properties of metal complexes are revealed by measurements of a series of β-diketonato complexes with the help of theoretical calculation. Attention is paid to the effects of electronic properties of a central metal ion on vibrational energy levels or low-lying electronic states. The investigation is further extended to the oligomers of β-diketonato complex units. The induction of chiral structures is confirmed by the VCD spectra when chiral inert moieties are connected with labile metal ions. These results have demonstrated how VCD spectroscopy is efficient in revealing the static and dynamic properties of mononuclear and multinuclear chiral metal complexes, which are difficult to clarify by means of other spectroscopes.

2. Opposite translocation of long and short oligomers through a nanopore

Getfert, Sebastian; Töws, Thomas; Reimann, Peter

2013-06-01

We consider elongated cylindrical particles, modeling, e.g., DNA fragments or nanorods, while they translocate under the action of an externally applied voltage through a solid state nanopore. Particular emphasis is put on the concomitant potential energy landscape encountered by the particle on its passage through the pore due to the complex interplay of various electrohydrodynamic effects beyond the realm of small Debye lengths. We find that the net potential energy difference across the membrane may be of opposite sign for short and long particles of equal diameters and charge densities (e.g., oligomers). Thermal noise thus leads to biased diffusion through the pore in opposite directions. By means of an additional membrane gate electrode it is even possible to control the specific particle length at which this transport inversion occurs.

3. Fibre constituents of some foods.

Rani, B; Kawatra, A

1994-06-01

Some plant foods viz. bottlegourd, carrot, cauliflower, cabbage, green bengalgram, pea, apple, plum, guava, karonda, blackgram husk and lentil husk were analysed for their dietary fibre components. The total dietary fibre contents of these foods varied from 14.68 to 78.21 percent on dry matter basis. As compared to fruits and vegetables, the husks had higher amount of total dietary fibre. Cellulose represented as the major fibre constituent in most of the foods whereas, husks were observed to be good sources of hemicellulose. All foods were low in pectin and lignin contents except guava. PMID:7971775

4. Volatile Constituents of Zhumaria Majdae

Yazdanparst

1993-07-01

Full Text Available Capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC- MS analyses of a sample of essential oil of zhumaria Linalool ned by simple water distillation of the pulverized air - dired leaves and flowers of the plant indicated that Linalool and comphor are the two major constituents of the volatile oil. Sylvestrene , y -terpinene, a- Pinene, b - carene, camphene, and Epiborneol constitute the other main components of the essential oil. The GC - MS chromatogram indicated the presence of more than fifty - components in the oil, most of them were present in trace amounts. In this study, the chemical structures of twenty of these consti tuents were elucidated using GC - MS analysis.

5. Characteristics of Amyloid-Related Oligomers Revealed by Crystal Structures of Macrocyclic [beta]-Sheet Mimics

Liu, Cong; Sawaya, Michael R.; Cheng, Pin-Nan; Zheng, Jing; Nowick, James S.; Eisenberg, David (UCI); (UCLA)

2011-09-20

Protein amyloid oligomers have been strongly linked to amyloid diseases and can be intermediates to amyloid fibers. {beta}-Sheets have been identified in amyloid oligomers. However, because of their transient and highly polymorphic properties, the details of their self-association remain elusive. Here we explore oligomer structure using a model system: macrocyclic peptides. Key amyloidogenic sequences from A{beta} and tau were incorporated into macrocycles, thereby restraining them to {beta}-strands, but limiting the growth of the oligomers so they may crystallize and cannot fibrillate. We determined the atomic structures for four such oligomers, and all four reveal tetrameric interfaces in which {beta}-sheet dimers pair together by highly complementary, dry interfaces, analogous to steric zippers found in fibers, suggesting a common structure for amyloid oligomers and fibers. In amyloid fibers, the axes of the paired sheets are either parallel or antiparallel, whereas the oligomeric interfaces display a variety of sheet-to-sheet pairing angles, offering a structural explanation for the heterogeneity of amyloid oligomers.

6. The case for soluble Aβ oligomers as a drug target in Alzheimer's disease.

Hefti, Franz; Goure, William F; Jerecic, Jasna; Iverson, Kent S; Walicke, Patricia A; Krafft, Grant A

2013-05-01

Soluble Aβ oligomers are now widely recognized as key pathogenic structures in Alzheimer's disease. They inhibit synaptic function, leading to early memory deficits and synaptic degeneration, and they trigger the downstream neuronal signaling responsible for phospho-tau Alzheimer's pathology. The marginal effects observed in recent clinical studies of solanezumab, targeting monomeric Aβ, and bapineuzumab, targeting amyloid plaques, prompted expert comments that drug discovery efforts in Alzheimer's disease should focus on soluble forms of Aβ rather than fibrillar Aβ deposits found in amyloid plaques. Accumulating scientific data suggest that soluble Aβ oligomers represent the optimal intervention target within the amyloid manifold. Active drug discovery approaches include antibodies that selectively capture soluble Aβ oligomers, selective modifiers of oligomer assembly, and receptor antagonists. The onset of symptomatic clinical benefit is expected to be rapid for such agents, because neuronal memory signaling should normalize on blockage of soluble Aβ oligomers. This key feature is not shared by amyloid-lowering therapeutics, and it should translate into streamlined clinical development for oligomer-targeting drugs. Oligomer-targeting drugs should also confer long-term disease modification and slowing of disease progression, because they prevent the downstream signaling responsible for phospho-tau mediated cytoskeletal degeneration. PMID:23582316

7. Fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers as low threshold and high gain amplifying media

Kazlauskas, Karolis, E-mail: karolis.kazlauskas@ff.vu.lt; Kreiza, Gediminas; Bobrovas, Olegas; Adomėnienė, Ona; Adomėnas, Povilas; Juršėnas, Saulius [Institute of Applied Research, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 9-III, LT-10222 Vilnius (Lithuania); Jankauskas, Vygintas [Department of Solid State Electronics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 9-III, LT-10222 Vilnius (Lithuania)

2015-07-27

Deliberate control of intermolecular interactions in fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers was attempted via introduction of different-length alkyl moieties to attain high emission amplification and low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold at high oligomer concentrations. Containing fluorenyl peripheral groups decorated with different-length alkyl moieties, the oligomers were found to express weak concentration quenching of emission, yet excellent carrier drift mobilities (close to 10{sup −2} cm{sup 2}/V/s) in the amorphous films. Owing to the larger radiative decay rates (>1.0 × 10{sup 9 }s{sup −1}) and smaller concentration quenching, fluorene-cored oligomers exhibited down to one order of magnitude lower ASE thresholds at higher concentrations as compared to those of benzofluorene counterparts. The lowest threshold (300 W/cm{sup 2}) obtained for the fluorene-cored oligomers at the concentration of 50 wt % in polymer matrix is among the lowest reported for solution-processed amorphous films in ambient conditions, what makes the oligomers promising for lasing application. Great potential in emission amplification was confirmed by high maximum net gain (77 cm{sup −1}) revealed for these compounds. Although the photostability of the oligomers was affected by photo-oxidation, it was found to be comparable to that of various organic lasing materials including some commercial laser dyes evaluated under similar excitation conditions.

8. Small protease sensitive oligomers of PrPSc in distinct human prions determine conversion rate of PrP(C.

Chae Kim

Full Text Available The mammalian prions replicate by converting cellular prion protein (PrP(C into pathogenic conformational isoform (PrP(Sc. Variations in prions, which cause different disease phenotypes, are referred to as strains. The mechanism of high-fidelity replication of prion strains in the absence of nucleic acid remains unsolved. We investigated the impact of different conformational characteristics of PrP(Sc on conversion of PrP(C in vitro using PrP(Sc seeds from the most frequent human prion disease worldwide, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD. The conversion potency of a broad spectrum of distinct sCJD prions was governed by the level, conformation, and stability of small oligomers of the protease-sensitive (s PrP(Sc. The smallest most potent prions present in sCJD brains were composed only of∼20 monomers of PrP(Sc. The tight correlation between conversion potency of small oligomers of human sPrP(Sc observed in vitro and duration of the disease suggests that sPrP(Sc conformers are an important determinant of prion strain characteristics that control the progression rate of the disease.

9. Conformational stability of fibrillar amyloid-beta oligomers via protofilament pair formation - a systematic computational study.

Anna Kahler

Full Text Available Amyloid-[Formula: see text] (A[Formula: see text] oligomers play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease due to their neurotoxic aggregation properties. Fibrillar A[Formula: see text] oligomerization can lead to protofilaments and protofilament pairs via oligomer elongation and oligomer association, respectively. Small fibrillar oligomers adopt the protofilament topology, whereas fibrils contain at least protofilament pairs. To date, the underlying growth mechanism from oligomers to the mature fibril still remains to be elucidated. Here, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent on single layer-like protofilaments and fibril-like protofilament pairs of different size ranging from the tetramer to the 48-mer. We found that the initial U-shaped topology per monomer is maintained over time in all oligomers. The observed deviations of protofilaments from the starting structure increase significantly with size due to the twisting of the in-register parallel [Formula: see text]-sheets. This twist causes long protofilaments to be unstable and leads to a breakage. Protofilament pairs, which are stabilized by a hydrophobic interface, exhibit more fibril-like properties such as the overall structure and the twist angle. Thus, they can act as stable conformational templates for further fibril growth. Key properties like the twist angle, shape complementarity, and energetics show a size-dependent behavior so that small oligomers favor the protofilament topology, whereas large oligomers favor the protofilament pair topology. The region for this conformational transition is at the size of approximately twelve A[Formula: see text] monomers. From that, we propose the following growth mechanism from A[Formula: see text] oligomers to fibrils: (1 elongation of short protofilaments; (2 breakage of large protofilaments; (3 formation of short protofilament pairs; and (4 elongation of protofilament pairs.

10. Modelling Ser129 phosphorylation inhibits membrane binding of pore-forming alpha-synuclein oligomers.

Georg Sebastian Nübling

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: In several neurodegenerative diseases, hyperphosphorylation at position Ser129 is found in fibrillar deposits of alpha-synuclein (asyn, implying a pathophysiological role of asyn phosphorylation in neurodegeneration. However, recent animal models applying asyn phosphorylation mimics demonstrated a protective effect of phosphorylation. Since metal-ion induced asyn oligomers were identified as a potential neurotoxic aggregate species with membrane pore-forming abilities, the current study was undertaken to determine effects of asyn phosphorylation on oligomer membrane binding. METHODS: We investigated the influence of S129 phosphorylation on interactions of metal-ion induced asyn oligomers with small unilamellar lipid vesicles (SUV composed of POPC and DPPC applying the phosphorylation mimic asyn129E. Confocal single-particle fluorescence techniques were used to monitor membrane binding at the single-particle level. RESULTS: Binding of asyn129E monomers to gel-state membranes (DPPC-SUV is slightly reduced compared to wild-type asyn, while no interactions with membranes in the liquid-crystalline state (POPC-SUV are seen for both asyn and asyn129E. Conversely, metal-ion induced oligomer formation is markedly increased in asyn129E. Surprisingly, membrane binding to POPC-SUV is nearly absent in Fe(3+ induced asyn129E oligomers and markedly reduced in Al(3+ induced oligomers. CONCLUSION: The protective effect of pseudophosphorylation seen in animal models may be due to impeded oligomer membrane binding. Phosphorylation at Ser129 may thus have a protective effect against neurotoxic asyn oligomers by preventing oligomer membrane binding and disruption of the cellular electrophysiological equilibrium. Importantly, these findings put a new complexion on experimental pharmaceutical interventions against POLO-2 kinase.

11. Research Progress on Chemical Constituents of Lonicerae japonicae flos

Wang, Lingna; Jiang, Qiu; Hu, Jinghong; Zhang, Yongqing; Li, Jia

2016-01-01

Lonicerae japonicae flos is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years with confirmed curative effects. Except for medicine, it is also used in healthy food, cosmetics, and soft beverages for its specific activities. Therefore, the chemical constituents, mainly including organic acids, flavonoids, iridoids, triterpenoids, and volatile oils, have been well studied by many scholars in recent years and a comprehensive and systematic review on chemical constituents of Lonicerae japonicae flos is indispensable. This paper aims at reviewing the chemical components of LJF in recent years through searching for the literatures both at home and abroad. Our results show that 212 components have been isolated from Lonicerae japonicae flos, including 27 flavonoids, 40 organic acids, 83 iridoids, 17 triterpenoids, and 45 other compounds, which could lay a foundation for the further application of Lonicerae japonicae flos. PMID:27403439

12. Analysis of fatty acid constituents in seed oil of Althaea rosea (L.) Caven by GC-MS%蜀葵种油的脂肪酸组成分析

张学杰; 程传格; 李法曾

2003-01-01

The seed oil from Althaea rosea (L.) Caven was extracted with Hexane.After saponification and formation,the oil was determined by Capillary GC-MS.16 compounds have been determined and its unsaturation is 72.59%,Among them the content of linoleic acid is 69.24%.

13. Antiplasmodial constituents of Cajanus cajan.

Duker-Eshun, George; Jaroszewski, Jerzy W; Asomaning, William A; Oppong-Boachie, Francis; Brøgger Christensen, S

2004-02-01

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of extracts of roots and leaves of Cajanus cajan afforded 8 compounds: betulinic acid, biochanin A, cajanol, genistein and 2'-hydroxygenistein, longistylin A and C, and pinostrobin. The two stilbenes, longistylin A and C, and betulinic acid showed a moderately high in vitro activity against the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. PMID:15022164

14. Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from acid hydrolyzed extract of kernel of Castanea mollissima Blume%板栗种仁酸水解物化学成分的分离与鉴定

江冰娅; 吴兆华; 黄健; 高慧媛; 王喆星; 吴立军

2009-01-01

目的 更好地开发利用板栗(Castanea mollissima Blum)种仁.方法 对板栗种仁的体积分数为95%的乙醇提取物进行酸水解,水解物采用硅胶柱色谱、氧化铝柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱和重结晶等方法进行分离;根据理化性质和NMR谱数据并参考文献鉴定其结构.结果 分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid,1)、原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,2)、没食子酸(gallic acid,3)、5　-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,4)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,5)、α-菠甾醇(α-spinasterol,6)、齐墩果酸(oleanane acid,7)、2α-羟基齐墩果酸(maslinic acid,8)、α-香树脂醇(α-amyrin,9)、单棕榈酸甘油酯(glycerolmonopalmitate,10).结论 化合物6、8为首次从栗属植物中分离得到;化合物9为首次从板栗中分离得到.

15. The Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Actions of Cordyceps sinensis

Yi Liu; Jihui Wang; Wei Wang; Hanyue Zhang; Xuelan Zhang; Chunchao Han

2015-01-01

Cordyceps sinensis, also called DongChongXiaCao (winter worm, summer grass) in Chinese, is becoming increasingly popular and important in the public and scientific communities. This study summarizes the chemical constituents and their corresponding pharmacological actions of Cordyceps sinensis. Many bioactive components of Cordyceps sinensis have been extracted including nucleoside, polysaccharide, sterol, protein, amino acid, and polypeptide. In addition, these constituents’ corresponding ph...

16. Novel method for isolation of major phenolic constituents from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid.

Paramashivappa, R; Kumar, P P; Vithayathil, P J; Rao, A S

2001-05-01

Commercially available cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid (CNSL) mainly contains the phenolic constituents anacardic acid, cardol, and cardanol. These phenolic constituents are themselves heterogeneous, and each of them contains saturated, monoene, diene, and trienes in the fifteen-carbon side chain. This communication describes the separation of anacardic acid, cardol, and cardanol for industrial application. Anacardic acid was selectively isolated as calcium anacardate. The acid-free CNSL was treated with liquor ammonia and extracted with hexane/ethyl acetate (98:2) to separate the mono phenolic component, cardanol. Subsequently, ammonia solution was extracted with ethyl acetate/hexane (80:20) to obtain cardol. PMID:11368634

17. Dynamic conformations of nucleophosmin (NPM1 at a key monomer-monomer interface affect oligomer stability and interactions with granzyme B.

Wei D Duan-Porter

Full Text Available Nucleophosmin (NPM1 is an abundant, nucleolar tumor antigen with important roles in cell proliferation and putative contributions to oncogenesis. Wild-type NPM1 forms pentameric oligomers through interactions at the amino-terminal core domain. A truncated form of NPM1 found in some hepatocellular carcinoma tissue formed an unusually stable oligomer and showed increased susceptibility to cleavage by granzyme B. Initiation of translation at the seventh methionine generated a protein (M7-NPM that shared all these properties. We used deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (DXMS to perform a detailed structural analysis of wild-type NPM1 and M7-NPM, and found dynamic conformational shifts or local "unfolding" at a specific monomer-monomer interface which included the β-hairpin "latch." We tested the importance of interactions at the β-hairpin "latch" by replacing a conserved tyrosine in the middle of the β-hairpin loop with glutamic acid, generating Y67E-NPM. Y67E-NPM did not form stable oligomers and further, prevented wild-type NPM1 oligomerization in a dominant-negative fashion, supporting the critical role of the β-hairpin "latch" in monomer-monomer interactions. Also, we show preferential cleavage by granzyme B at one of two available aspartates (either D161 or D122 in M7-NPM and Y67E-NPM, whereas wild-type NPM1 was cleaved at both sites. Thus, we observed a correlation between the propensity to form oligomers and granzyme B cleavage site selection in nucleophosmin proteins, suggesting that a small change at an important monomer-monomer interface can affect conformational shifts and impact protein-protein interactions.

18. Charge transport and dielectric relaxation processes in anilin-based oligomers

Mrlík, M.; Moučka, R.; Ilčíková, M.; Bober, Patrycja; Kazantseva, N.; Špitálský, Z.; Trchová, Miroslava; Stejskal, Jaroslav

2014-01-01

Roč. 192, June (2014), s. 37-42. ISSN 0379-6779 Institutional support: RVO:61389013 Keywords : anilin e-based oligomers * conductivity * dielectric properties Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry Impact factor: 2.252, year: 2014

19. Dependence of tunneling current through a single molecule of phenylene oligomers on the molecular length.

Wakamatsu, Satoshi; Fujii, Shintaro; Akiba, Uichi; Fujihira, Masamichi

2003-01-01

The electrical properties of single phenylene oligomers were studied in terms of the dependence of the tunneling current on the length of the oligomers using self-assembling techniques and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). It is important to isolate single molecules in an insulating matrix for the measurement of the conductivity of the single molecule. We demonstrate here a novel self-assembled monolayer (SAM) matrix appropriate for isolation of the single molecules. A bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivative was used for a SAM matrix, in which the single molecules were inserted at molecular lattice defects. The isolated single molecules of phenylene oligomers inserted in the SAM matrix were observed as protrusions in STM topography using a constant current mode. We measured the topographic heights of the molecular protrusions using STM and estimated the decay constant, beta, of the tunneling current through the single phenylene oligomers using a bilayer tunnel junction model. PMID:12801653

20. Chemical Constituents of Acanthochlamys bracteata

李帮经; 高宝莼; 彭树林; 廖循; 丁立生

2005-01-01

A novel nortriterpene, acanthochlamic acid (6), along with 18 known compounds has been isolated from the whole plants of Acanthochlamys bracteata P. C. Kao, a single species in family Acanthochlamydaceae which is endemic to the southwest of China. The structure of the novel nortriterpene was elucidated as 3,4-seco-3-norlup-4(23),20(29)-dien-2,28-dioic acid by spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by X-ray crystallography.

1. Effect of alkyl substituents on the adsorption of thienylenevinylene oligomers on the Si (100) surface

Grandidier, Bruno; Stiévenard, Didier; Krzeminski, Christophe; Delerue, Christophe; Frere, Pierre; Blanchard, Phillippe; Roncali, Jean; 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00946-8

2012-01-01

The adsorption of thienylenevinylene oligomers on the Si(100) surface has been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. The mode of substitution of the thiophene ring exerts a strong influence on the adsorption configurations and the images of the oligomer based on 3,4-dihexyl thiophene are highly voltage dependent. We discuss the influence of the alkyl chains on the adsorption process and on the appearance of the molecules in the STM images.

2. Transient dichroism in photoreceptor membranes indicates that stable oligomers of rhodopsin do not form during excitation.

Downer, N W; Cone, R A

1985-01-01

If a photoexcited rhodopsin molecule initiates the formation of rhodopsin oligomers during the process of visual excitation, the rate of rotational diffusion of the rhodopsin molecules involved should change markedly. Using microsecond-flash photometry, we have observed the rotational diffusion of rhodopsin throughout the time period of visual excitation and found that no detectable change occurs in its rotational diffusion rate. Partial chemical cross-linking of the retina yields oligomers o...

3. Modelling the size-dependence effects on the electronic properties of conjugated oligomers

Correia, Helena M. G.; Ramos, Marta M. D.

2011-01-01

Comunicação oral. Conjugated oligomers are materials that have the potential to be used in organic and hybrid electronic and optoelectronic devices as an active component. However, the electronic properties responsible for their electrical and optical behaviour are size-dependent. Here we use a self-consistent quantum molecular dynamics method to study the effect of the oligomers length at nanosize regime on the ionization potential, electron affinity, charge (electrons and holes) mobility...

4. Ultrarobust Thin-Film Devices from Self-Assembled Metal-Terpyridine Oligomers.

Karipidou, Zoi; Branchi, Barbara; Sarpasan, Mustafa; Knorr, Nikolaus; Rodin, Vadim; Friederich, Pascal; Neumann, Tobias; Meded, Velimir; Rosselli, Silvia; Nelles, Gabriele; Wenzel, Wolfgang; Rampi, Maria Anita; von Wrochem, Florian

2016-05-01

Ultrathin molecular layers of Fe(II) -terpyridine oligomers allow the fabrication of large-area crossbar junctions by conventional electrode vapor deposition. The junctions are electrically stable for over 2.5 years and operate over a wide range of temperatures (150-360 K) and voltages (±3 V) due to the high cohesive energy and packing density of the oligomer layer. Electrical measurements reveal ideal Richardson-Shottky emission in surprising agreement with electrochemical, optical, and photoemission data. PMID:26970207

5. Instability of a Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptor Oligomer Interface

Fonseca, Jacqueline M.; Lambert, Nevin A.

2009-01-01

The quaternary structure of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can influence their trafficking and ability to transduce signals. GPCR oligomers are generally portrayed as long-lived entities, although the stability of these complexes has not been studied. Here we show that D2 dopamine receptor protomers interact transiently at a specific oligomer interface. Selective immobilization of cyan fluorescent protein-D2 receptors (C-D2Rs) in the plasma membrane failed to comp...

6. Development of new fusion proteins for visualizing amyloid-β oligomers in vivo

Tomoyo Ochiishi; Motomichi Doi; Kazuhiko Yamasaki; Keiko Hirose; Akira Kitamura; Takao Urabe; Nobutaka Hattori; Masataka Kinjo; Tatsuhiko Ebihara; Hideki Shimura

2016-01-01

The intracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers critically contributes to disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and can be the potential target of AD therapy. Direct observation of molecular dynamics of Aβ oligomers in vivo is key for drug discovery research, however, it has been challenging because Aβ aggregation inhibits the fluorescence from fusion proteins. Here, we developed Aβ1-42-GFP fusion proteins that are oligomerized and visualize their dynamics inside cells ev...

7. Antidiabetic activity of the chemical constituents of Combretum dolichopetalum root in mice

Uzor, Philip F.; Osadebe, Patience O.

2016-01-01

The root of Combretum dolichopetalum (Combreatacea) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of diabetes mellitus. Though some compounds have been isolated from it, the antidiabetic principles have not been identified. The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical constituents from the root of C. dolichopetalum with a view to identifying the antidiabetic principles. The constituents include the alkaloids, echinulin (1) and arestrictin B (2), the terpenoids, arjunolic acid (3) and 4'-dihydrophaseic acid (4) as well as the phenolic acids, ellagic acid (5) and 3, 4, 3'-tri-O-methylellagic acid (6). Twenty eight mice (in seven groups, n = 4) were made diabetic using alloxan monohydrate (i.p., 120 mg/kg) and treated orally with either the vehicle (control group), any of the constituents or glibenclamide (standard drug). The fasting blood glucose of the diabetic animals was monitored for nine hours. Results showed that all the chemical constituents (1-6) exhibited significant (p < 0.05) antidiabetic activity comparable to glibenclamide. The alkaloids exhibited the most profound antidiabetic activity. The present study has thus identified the antidiabetic principles of C. dolichopetalum root as echinulin, arestrictin B, arjunolic acid, 4'-dihydrophaseic acid, ellagic acid and 3, 4, 3'-tri-O-methylellagic acid. The study has further validated the ethnomedicinal use of the root of C. dolichopetalum in diabetes. PMID:27298614

8. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Arylene Ether Benzimidazole) Oligomers

Leonard, Michael J.

1995-01-01

Several poly(arylene ether benzimidazole) oligomers were prepared by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of a bisphenol benzimidazole and various alkyl-substituted aromatic bisphenols with an activated aromatic dihalide in N, N-dimethylacetarnide. Moderate to high molecular weight terpolymers were obtained in all cases, as shown by their inherent viscosities, which ranged from 0.50 to 0.87 dL g(sup -1). Glass transition temperatures (T(sub g)s) of polymer powders ranged from 267-280 C. Air-dried unoriented thin film T(sub g)s were markedly lower than those of the powders, whereas T(sub g)s of films dried in a nitrogen atmosphere were identical to those of the corresponding powders. In addition, air-dried films were dark amber and brittle, whereas nitrogen-dried films were yellow and creasable. Nitrogen-dried films showed slightly higher thin-film tensile properties than the air-dried films, as well.

9. Mapping eGFP Oligomer Mobility in Living Cell Nuclei

Zwerger, Monika; Müller, Gabriele; Waldeck, Waldemar; Langowski, Jörg

2009-01-01

Movement of particles in cell nuclei can be affected by viscosity, directed flows, active transport, or the presence of obstacles such as the chromatin network. Here we investigate whether the mobility of small fluorescent proteins is affected by the chromatin density. Diffusion of inert fluorescent proteins was studied in living cell nuclei using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) with a two-color confocal scanning detection system. We first present experiments exposing FCS-specific artifacts encountered in live cell studies as well as strategies to prevent them, in particular those arising from the choice of the fluorophore used for calibration of the focal volume, as well as temperature and acquisition conditions used for fluorescence fluctuation measurements. After defining the best acquisition conditions, we show for various human cell lines that the mobility of GFP varies significantly within the cell nucleus, but does not correlate with chromatin density. The intranuclear diffusional mobility strongly depends on protein size: in a series of GFP-oligomers, used as free inert fluorescent tracers, the diffusion coefficient decreased from the monomer to the tetramer much more than expected for molecules free in aqueous solution. Still, the entire intranuclear chromatin network is freely accessible for small proteins up to the size of eGFP-tetramers, regardless of the chromatin density or cell line. Even the densest chromatin regions do not exclude free eGFP-monomers or multimers. PMID:19347038

10. Mapping eGFP oligomer mobility in living cell nuclei.

Nicolas Dross

Full Text Available Movement of particles in cell nuclei can be affected by viscosity, directed flows, active transport, or the presence of obstacles such as the chromatin network. Here we investigate whether the mobility of small fluorescent proteins is affected by the chromatin density. Diffusion of inert fluorescent proteins was studied in living cell nuclei using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS with a two-color confocal scanning detection system. We first present experiments exposing FCS-specific artifacts encountered in live cell studies as well as strategies to prevent them, in particular those arising from the choice of the fluorophore used for calibration of the focal volume, as well as temperature and acquisition conditions used for fluorescence fluctuation measurements. After defining the best acquisition conditions, we show for various human cell lines that the mobility of GFP varies significantly within the cell nucleus, but does not correlate with chromatin density. The intranuclear diffusional mobility strongly depends on protein size: in a series of GFP-oligomers, used as free inert fluorescent tracers, the diffusion coefficient decreased from the monomer to the tetramer much more than expected for molecules free in aqueous solution. Still, the entire intranuclear chromatin network is freely accessible for small proteins up to the size of eGFP-tetramers, regardless of the chromatin density or cell line. Even the densest chromatin regions do not exclude free eGFP-monomers or multimers.

11. [Chemical constituents from Euphorbia lunulata].

Zhao, Ming; Wu, Shuang; Li, Jun; Tang, Wan-Xia; Wang, Jin-Lan; Zhang, Shu-Jun

2014-06-01

The chemical constituents from Euphorbia lunulata was investigated in this paper. Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatographies on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and NMR data analysis as lupeol (1), euphol (2), cassipourol(3) , 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta-ol (4), 24-hydroperoxycycloart-25-en-3beta-ol (5), 25-hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (6), betulin (7), uvaol (8), (23E) -25-methoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (9), (23E) -cycloart-23,25-dien-3beta-ol (10), 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta, 28-diol (11), salicinolide (12), 2alpha, 3beta, 5alpha, 9alpha, 15beta-pentaacetoxy-11,12-epoxy-7beta, 8alpha-diisobutyryloxyjatropha-6 (17) -en-14-one (13) and 3beta, 5alpha, 15beta-triacetoxy-7beta-isobutyryloxy-9alpha-nicotinoyloxyjatropha-6 (17), 11(E)-dien-14-one (14). Among them, compounds 1-11 were isolated from E. lunulata for the first time. PMID:25244761

12. Constituents of Nepeta crassifolia (Lamiaceae)

ALI, Syed Amir IBRAHIM and Muhammad Shaiq

2007-01-01

A long chain ketone (crassifone), a pentacyclic triterpenoid coupled with fatty acid moiety (crassifoate), and an acyclic diterpenoid (crassifol) have been isolated from the ethanol soluble part of Nepeta crassifolia (Lamiaceae) collected from Kangavar, Iran. Structures of all the metabolites were elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic techniques, including 2D NMR experiments.

13. Monitoring degradation of oil sands constituents and foodweb dynamics in aquatic reclamation using stable isotopes

Farwell, A.J.; Butler, B.J.; Dixon, D.G. [Waterloo Univ., ON (Canada). Dept. of Biology; Mackinnon, M.D. [Syncrude Canada Ltd., Edmonton, AB (Canada)

2003-07-01

The process of extracting bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands deposits in northern Alberta generates large volumes of process-affected water with highly toxic constituents such as naphthenic acids. Napthenic acids can biodegrade and become less toxic in reclaimed aquatic systems. This study used stable isotopes to examine the cycling of oil sands constituents in aquatic systems. Benthic invertebrates were collected from test pits at Syncrude Canada Ltd. Dragonflies and damselflies showed trends in carbon 13 depletion and nitrogen 15 enrichment in pits with high levels of process-affected water. Chironomids and amphipods showed only nitrogen 15 enrichment. Carbon 13 depletion suggests invertebrate assimilation and incorporation of oil sands constituents through the microbial foodweb. It is important to define the isotope pathway of naphthenic acid degradation because naphthenic acids could represent a major source of carbon in reclaimed systems.

14. Constituency Leadership: A Model for School Leaders.

Strodl, Peter

Principals must integrate information originating from many sectors among the schools' constituents. The degree to which constituent groups participate in school activities helps determine the quality of instruction and learning. Crucial to the role of administrator is a network of interactions between people and things, school board pressures and…

15. Novel Enzymatic Synthesis of 3-hydroxybutyric Acid Oligomerswith Inserted Lactobionic Acid Moieties

Kakasi-Zsurka, S.; Todea, A.; But, A.; PAUL, C; Boeriu, C.G.; Nagv, A.; Davidescu, C.M.; Peter, F

2011-01-01

3-Hydroxybutyric acid and lactobionic acid yielded linear and cyclic oligomers in a lipase-catalyzedcondensation polymerization reaction, performed at 80°C in bulk and organic solvent systems. Novozyme435 was the most efficient biocatalyst, and a mixture of t-butanol and dimethylsulfoxide in 80:20 (v/v) ratioprovided the highest copolymer conversions. The highest degree of polymerization reached 7 in case ofcopolymers with inserted lactobionic acid moiety and 11 for the 3-hydroxybutyric acid ...

16. Radiation damage to DNA constituents

17. Angiostatic effects of Brazilian green propolis and its chemical constituents.

Chikaraishi, Yuichi; Izuta, Hiroshi; Shimazawa, Masamitsu; Mishima, Satoshi; Hara, Hideaki

2010-04-01

Propolis, a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources, has several pharmacological actions, such as anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-angiogenic effects of a water extract of Brazilian green propolis (WEP) and its constituents, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, against angiogenic processes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. We also examined the anti-angiogenic effects of WEP against retinal neovascularization in a murine oxygen-induced retinopathy model in vivo. WEP and its constituents significantly suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. WEP and its caffeoylquinic acid derivatives suppressed VEGF-stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in HUVECs (versus VEGF alone). Moreover, WEP (300 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously for 5 days) significantly suppressed retinal neovascularization in the murine oxygen-induced retinopathy model. These data indicate that (i) WEP has angiostatic effects against angiogenic processes in vitro and in an in vivo model of murine oxygen-induced retinopathy and (ii) the inhibitory effects of WEP against in vitro angiogenesis are chiefly derived from its caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Judging from these findings, WEP and its caffeoylquinic acid derivatives may represent candidates for preventive or therapeutic agents against diseases caused by angiogenesis. PMID:19960454

18. Solvent free low-melt viscosity imide oligomers and thermosetting polymide composites

Chuang, Chun-Hua (Inventor)

2012-01-01

.[.This invention relates to the composition and a solvent-free process for preparing novel imide oligomers and polymers specifically formulated with effective amounts of a dianhydride such as 2,3,3',4-biphenyltetra carboxylic dianydride (a-BPDA), at least one aromatic diamine and an endcapped of 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride (PEPA) or nadic anhydride to produce imide oligomers that possess a low-melt viscosity of 1-60 poise at 260-280.degree. C. When the imide oligomer melt is cured at about 371.degree. C. in a press or autoclave under 100-500 psi, the melt resulted in a thermoset polyimide having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) equal to and above 310.degree. C. A novel feature of this process is that the monomers; namely the dianhydrides, diamines and the endcaps, are melt processable to form imide oligomers at temperatures ranging between 232-280.degree. C. (450-535.degree. F.) without any solvent. These low-melt imide oligomers can be easily processed by resin transfer molding (RTM), vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) or the resin infusion process with fiber preforms e.g. carbon, glass or quartz preforms to produce polyimide matrix composites with 288-343.degree. C. (550-650.degree. F.) high temperature performance capability..]. .Iadd.This invention relates to compositions and a solvent-free reaction process for preparing imide oligomers and polymers specifically derived from effective amounts of dianhydrides such as 2,3,3',4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA), at least one aromatic polyamine and an end-cap such as 4-phenylethynyphthalic anhydride (PEPA) or nadic anhydride to produce imide oligomers that possess a low-melt viscosity of 1-60 poise at 260.degree. C.-280.degree. C..Iaddend.

19. The Lewis acid catalyzed synthesis of hyperbranched Oligo(glycerol-diacid)s in aprotic polar media

The Lewis-acid, titanium (IV) butoxide (15% (w/w; catalyst/reactants)), was used to catalyze the condensation of 0.05 mol glycerol with 0.10 mol of either succinic acid, glutaric acid, or azelaic acid to produce oligomers. The reactions were refluxed in dilute solutions of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) o...

20. Phenolic constituents from Drypetes armoracia.

Wandji, Jean; Tillequin, François; Mulholland, Dulcie A; Temgoua, Agathe D; Wansi, Jean-D; Seguin, Elisabeth; Fomum, Z Tanee

2003-06-01

The methanol extract of the dried stem bark of Drypetes armoracia Pax & Hoffm. afforded two compounds named drypearmoracein A, (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-benzylhept-2-enoic acid and drypearmoracein B, 2,3-dihydroxy-9,10-tetrahydroanthra-1,4-quinone along with five known compounds: friedelan-3 beta-ol, friedelin, friedelane-3,7-dione, drypemolundein B and beta-stigmasterol. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. PMID:12770597

1. Computational design of organometallic oligomers featuring 1,3-metal-carbon bonding and planar tetracoordinate carbon atoms.

Zhao, Xue-Feng; Yuan, Cai-Xia; Wang, Xiang; Li, Jia-Jia; Wu, Yan-Bo; Wang, Xiaotai

2016-01-15

Density functional theory computations (B3LYP) have been used to explore the chemistry of titanium-aromatic carbon "edge complexes" with 1,3-metal-carbon (1,3-MC) bonding between Ti and planar tetracoordinate Cβ . The titanium-coordinated, end-capping chlorides are replaced with OH or SH groups to afford two series of difunctional monomers that can undergo condensation to form oxide- and sulfide-bridged oligomers. The sulfide-linked oligomers have less molecular strain and are more exergonic than the corresponding oxide-linked oligomers. The HOMO-LUMO gap of the oligomers varies with their composition and decreases with growing oligomer chain. This theoretical study is intended to enrich 1,3-MC bonding and planar tetracoordinate carbon chemistry and provide interesting ideas to experimentalists. Organometallic complexes with the TiE2 (E = OH and SH) decoration on the edge of aromatic hydrocarbons have been computationally designed, which feature 1,3-metal-carbon (1,3-MC) bonding between titanium and planar tetracoordinate β-carbon. Condensation of these difunctional monomers by eliminating small molecules (H2O and H2S) produce chain-like oligomers. The HOMO-LUMO gaps of the oligomers decreases with growing oligomer chain, a trend that suggests possible semiconductor properties for oligomers with longer chains. PMID:26399226

2. Folate: a functional food constituent.

Iyer, Ramya; Tomar, S K

2009-01-01

Folate, a water-soluble vitamin, includes naturally occurring food folate and synthetic folic acid in supplements and fortified foods. Mammalian cells cannot synthesize folate and its deficiency has been implicated in a wide variety of disorders. A number of reviews have dwelt up on the health benefits associated with increased folate intakes and many countries possess mandatory folate enrichment programs. Lately, a number of studies have shown that high intakes of folic acid, the chemically synthesized form, but not natural folates, can cause adverse effects in some individuals such as the masking of the hematological manifestations of vitamin B(12) deficiency, leukemia, arthritis, bowel cancer, and ectopic pregnancies. As fermented milk products are reported to contain even higher amounts of folate produced by the food-grade bacteria, primarily lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the focus has primarily shifted toward the natural folate, that is, folate produced by LAB and levels of folate present in foods fermented by/or containing these valuable microorganisms. The proper selection and use of folate-producing microorganisms is an interesting strategy to increase "natural" folate levels in foods. An attempt has been made through this review to share information available in the literature on wide ranging aspects of folate, namely, bioavailability, analysis, deficiency, dietary requirements, and health effects of synthetic and natural folate, dairy and nondairy products as a potential source of folate, microorganisms with special reference to Streptococcus thermophilus as prolific folate producer, and recent insight on modulation of folate production levels in LAB by metabolic engineering. PMID:20492126

3. Hybrid conjugated organic oligomers consisting of oligodiacetylene and thiophene units: synthesis and optical properties.

Pilzak, Gregor S; van Gruijthuijsen, Kitty; van Doorn, Reindert H; van Lagen, Barend; Sudhölter, Ernst J R; Zuilhof, Han

2009-09-14

Novel and highly soluble hybrid conjugated organic oligomers consisting of oligodiacetylene and thiophene units have been synthesized in high purity through iterative and divergent approaches based on a sequence of Sonogashira reactions. The series of thiophene-containing oligodiacetylenes (ThODAs) and homocoupled ThODAs (HThODAs) show--both in solution and in the solid state--a strong optical absorption, which is progressively red shifted with increasing chain length. The linear correlation of the absorption maximum (lambda(A)(max)) with the inverse of conjugation length (CL = number of double and triple bonds) shows that the effective conjugation length of this system is extended up to at least CL = 20. Furthermore, absorption measurements of dropcast thin films display not only a bathochromic shift of the absorption maxima but also a higher wavelength absorption, which is attributed to increased pi-pi interactions. The wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission (lambda(E)(max)) also increases with CL, and emission is maximal for oligomers with CL=7-12 (fluorescence quantum yield Phi(F) = approximately 0.2). Both longer and shorter oligomers display marginal emission. The calculated Stokes shifts of these planar materials are relatively large (0.4 eV) for all oligomers, and likely due to excitation to the S(2) state, thus suggesting that the presence of enyne moieties dominates the ordering of the lowest excited states. The fluorescence lifetimes (tau(F)) are short (tau(F,max) = line with highly rigid oligomers. PMID:19637259

4. Alzheimer's-associated Aβ oligomers show altered structure, immunoreactivity and synaptotoxicity with low doses of oleocanthal

5. Prefibrillar transthyretin oligomers and cold stored native tetrameric transthyretin are cytotoxic in cell culture

Recent studies suggest that soluble, oligomeric species, which are intermediates in the fibril formation process in amyloid disease, might be the key species in amyloid pathogenesis. Soluble oligomers of human wild type transthyretin (TTR) were produced to elucidate oligomer properties. Employing ThT fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of pyrene-labeled TTR, chemical cross-linking, and electron microscopy we demonstrated that early formed soluble oligomers (within minutes) from A-state TTR comprised on the average 20-30 TTR monomers. When administered to neuroblastoma cells these early oligomers proved highly cytotoxic and induced apoptosis after 48 h of incubation. More mature fibrils (>24 h of fibrillation) were non-toxic. Surprisingly, we also found that native tetrameric TTR, when purified and stored under cold conditions (4 deg. C) was highly cytotoxic. The effect could be partially restored by increasing the temperature of the protein. The cytotoxic effects of native tetrameric TTR likely stems from a hitherto unexplored low temperature induced rearrangement of the tetramer conformation that possibly is related to the conformation of misfolded TTR in amyloigogenic oligomers.

6. Indirect detection of ethylene glycol oligomers using a contactless conductivity detector in capillary liquid chromatography.

Takeuchi, Toyohide; Sedyohutomo, Anang; Lim, Lee Wah

2009-07-01

Ethylene glycol oligomers were visualized by indirect conductimetric detection based on dilution of the mobile phase due to the analytes. A high electrical conductivity background was maintained by the addition of 5 mM sodium nitrate in the mobile phase, and the analytes were visualized by decreases in the background when they eluted. A capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector was convenient to monitor effluents from the microcolumn with minimum extra-column band broadening. The signals as negative peaks were linear to the concentration of the analytes, and a concentration detection limit of 0.025% was achieved for tetraethylene glycol at S/N=3, corresponding to the mass detection limit of 38 ng for 0.15 microl injection. The logarithm of the retention factor of ethylene glycol oligomers was linear to the degree of polymerization (DP) as well as to the acetonitrile composition in the mobile phase. These situations allowed us to estimate the DP of eluted ethylene glycol oligomers by using a few oligomers with known DP. The dynamic reserve, defined as the ratio of the background to its noise level achieved under the present conditions, was 2.3 x 10(5) which was much larger than that achieved by UV absorption detection. The present method was applied to profile ethylene glycol oligomers contained in commercially available PEG reagents. PMID:19609021

7. Determination of the critical molar mass of ovalbumin oligomers degraded by ultrasound

BRATOLJUB H. MILOSAVLJEVIC

2000-02-01

Full Text Available An experimental method has been developed which enables the determination of the critical molar mass (Mmc of ovalbumin oligomers degraded by ultrasound of known frequency. To test the validity of the Mmc postulate, a series of ovalbumin oligomers was prepared by the radiolytic cross-linking of 1% solutions of ovalbumin monomer dissolved in 50 mM Na/K-phosphate buffer pH 7.0 saturated with N2O. Under these conditions, irradiation with 5 kGy from a 60Co source, yielded ovalbumin dimers, trimers, tetramers, and higher order oligomers. On the basis of the results obtained with the ovalbumin oligomers, it was concluded that for ultrasound of 23 kHz frequency and 5mm amplitude, the Mmc was 274000 + 14000 g/mol. Our results confirmed that the two postulates in the chemistry of polymer degradation by ultrasound are valid when ovalbumin oligomers are used as substrates, i.e., (1 that the higher the molar mass of the original macromolecule, the faster is its degradation rate, and (2 that a lower molar mass limit (LMmL exists below which the macromolecules are resistent to further degradation.

8. Parametrization of the Gay-Berne potential for conjugated oligomer with a high aspect ratio

Lee, Cheng K.; Hua, Chi C.; Chen, Show A.

2010-08-01

The Gay-Berne (GB) potential has been a popular semiempirical model for describing the short-range intermolecular forces for a wide variety of aspherical molecules, including liquid crystals and anisotropic colloids, with generally small molecular dimensions and low aspect ratios (<5). This study evaluates the parametrization of the GB potential for a high-aspect-ratio (=10) oligomer belonging to a model conjugated polymer. We elaborate that the semiflexibility associated with a large oligomer species demands a variant umbrella-sampling scheme in establishing the potentials of mean force (PMFs) for four pair ellipsoid arrangements typically utilized to parametrize the GB potential. The model ellipsoid so constructed is shown to capture the PMFs of essential intermediate arrangements as well, and, according to the results of simplex optimizations, recommendations are given for the minimum set of parameters to be included in the optimization of a large oligomer or particulate species. To further attest the parametrized GB potential, the coarse-grained (CG) Monte Carlo simulations employing the GB potential and the back-mapped, full-atom atomistic molecular dynamics (AMD) simulations were performed for a dense oligomer system at two representative system temperatures. The results indicated that the CG simulations can capture, with exceptional computational efficiency, the AMD predictions with good thermal transferability. In future perspectives, we remark on potential applications to construct efficient, parameter-free CG models for capturing fundamental material properties of large oligomer/particulate species as well as long-chain conjugated polymers.

9. [Chemical constituents from Spatholobus sinensis].

Yin, Ting; Liu, Hua; Wang, Bin; Tu, Guang-Zhong; Liang, Hong; Zhao, Yu-Ying

2008-01-01

Spatholobus sinensis is a plant of the Spatholobus genus (Leguminosae family). Its caulis are used as "ji-xue-teng" regionally. However, to our knowledge, no phytochemical investigation on S. sinensis has been reported to date. In this study, eight compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the caulis of S. sinensis, by solvents extraction and column chromatography methods. By analysis of their physic-chemical constants and spectral data, the structures of 8 compounds were identified as spatholosineside A (1), 2',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyisoflavone (2), isoliquiritigenin (3), lupinalbin A (4), coumestrol (5), naringenin (6), protocatechuic acid (7), leonuriside A (8). Compound 1 is a new compound. PMID:18357735

10. Chemical Constituents of Cordyceps cicadae.

Chu, Zhi-Bo; Chang, Jun; Zhu, Ying; Sun, Xun

2015-12-01

One new bifuran derivative (1), together with fourteen known compounds, were isolated from Cordyceps cicadae X. Q. Shing. The known compounds included nine nucleosides, uracil (2), uridine (3), 2'-deoxyuridine (4), 2'-deoxyinosine (5), guanosine (6), 2'-deoxyguanosine (7), thymidine (8), adenosine (9), and 2'-deoxyadenosine (10); three amino acids tryptophan (11), phenylalanine (12), and tyrosine (13); and two dopamine analogues N-acetylnoradrenaline (14) and its dimer, trans-2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-acetylamino-7-(N-acetyl-2"-amino-ethylene)-1,4-benzodioxane (15). Their structures were decisively elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. PMID:26882686
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