#### Sample records for pion dosimetry

1. DOSIMETRY

CERN Multimedia

Service de dosimétrie individuelle

2000-01-01

From the distribution Novembre/Decembre 2000 (film colour green), the people who worked in LEP experiments and who have not announced their participation to LEP dismantling or new activities in another experiment or group will be taken out from the regular distribution list of the Individual Dosimetry Service. Please contact Individual Dosimetry Service, tel. 72155 or e-mail to Jeannine.Fraisse@cern.ch We inform all staff and users under regular dosimetric control that the dosimeters for the monitoring period SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER will be available from their usual dispatchers on the 1st of September 2000. Please have your films changed before the 12th of September. The colour of the dosimeter valid in SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER is RED. The service will be closed exceptionally on Friday 8 September.

2. DOSIMETRY

CERN Multimedia

2001-01-01

From the month of May on, the neutron dosimeter will be worn in an extra package distinct from the usual film-badge. We will give you more ample information in Weekly Bulletin No. 18/2001 of April 30, 2001. In the week following Easter (17 - 20. 4. 2001) the Individual Dosimetry Service will be opened in the mornings from 8:30 to 11:30 h only. The Service will be closed on April 30.

3. Dosimetry; La dosimetrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Le Couteulx, I.; Apretna, D.; Beaugerie, M.F. [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)] [and others

2003-07-01

Eight articles treat the dosimetry. Two articles evaluate the radiation doses in specific cases, dosimetry of patients in radiodiagnosis, three articles are devoted to detectors (neutrons and x and gamma radiations) and a computer code to build up the dosimetry of an accident due to an external exposure. (N.C.)

4. Double Pion Production Reactions

CERN Document Server

Oset, E; Cano, F; Hernández, E; Kamalov, S S; Nacher, J C; Tejedor, J A G

1999-01-01

We report on reactions producing two pions induced by real and virtual photons or nucleons. The role of different resonances in these reactions is emphasized. Novel results on coherent two pion photoproduction in nuclei are also reported.

CERN Document Server

Hine, Gerald J; Hine, Gerald J

1956-01-01

Radiation Dosimetry focuses on the advancements, processes, technologies, techniques, and principles involved in radiation dosimetry, including counters and calibration and standardization techniques. The selection first offers information on radiation units and the theory of ionization dosimetry and interaction of radiation with matter. Topics include quantities derivable from roentgens, determination of dose in roentgens, ionization dosimetry of high-energy photons and corpuscular radiations, and heavy charged particles. The text then examines the biological and medical effects of radiation,

6. Hematological dosimetry. Dosimetrie hematologique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fluery-Herard, A. (CEA Centre d' Etudes de Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92 (FR). Direction des Sciences du Vivant)

1991-01-01

The principles of hematological dosimetry after acute or protracted whole-body irradiation are reviewed. In both cases, over-exposure is never homogeneous and the clinical consequences, viz medullary aplasia, are directly associated with the mean absorbed dose and the seriousness and location of the overexposure. The main hematological data required to assess the seriousness of exposure are the following: repeated blood analysis, blood precursor cultures, as indicators of whole-body exposure; bone marrow puncture, medullary precursor cultures and medullary scintigraphy as indicators of the importance of a local over-exposure and capacity for spontaneous repair. These paraclinical investigations, which are essential for diagnosis and dosimetry, are also used for surveillance and for the main therapeutic issues.

7. Dosimetry Service

CERN Multimedia

2006-01-01

Cern Staff and Users can now consult their dose records for an individual or an organizational unit with HRT. Please see more information on our web page: http://cern.ch/rp-dosimetry Dosimetry Service is open every morning from 8.30 - 12.00. Closed in the afternoons. We would like to remind you that dosimeters cannot be sent to customers by internal mail. Short-term dosimeters (VCT's) must always be returned to the Service after the use and must not be left on the racks in the experimental areas or in the secretariats. Dosimetry Service Tel. 7 2155 Dosimetry.service@cern.ch http://cern.ch/rp-dosimetry

8. Computational dosimetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Siebert, B.R.L.; Thomas, R.H.

1996-01-01

The paper presents a definition of the term Computational Dosimetry that is interpreted as the sub-discipline of computational physics which is devoted to radiation metrology. It is shown that computational dosimetry is more than a mere collection of computational methods. Computational simulations directed at basic understanding and modelling are important tools provided by computational dosimetry, while another very important application is the support that it can give to the design, optimization and analysis of experiments. However, the primary task of computational dosimetry is to reduce the variance in the determination of absorbed dose (and its related quantities), for example in the disciplines of radiological protection and radiation therapy. In this paper emphasis is given to the discussion of potential pitfalls in the applications of computational dosimetry and recommendations are given for their avoidance. The need for comparison of calculated and experimental data whenever possible is strongly stressed.

9. Exclusive measurements of pion nucleon going to pion pion nucleon

Science.gov (United States)

The pion induced pion production reactions π±p/toπ±π+n were studied at projectile incident energies of 223, 243, 264, 284, and 305 MeV. The Canadian High Acceptance Orbit Spectrometer (CHAOS) was used to detected the charged particles, which originated from the interaction of the incident pion beam with a cryogenic liquid hydrogen target. The experimental results are presented in the form of single, double and triple differential cross sections. Total cross sections obtained by integrating the differential quantities are also reported. The experimental data, namely the π-p/toπ-π+n double differential cross sections, were used as input to the Chew-Low extrapolation procedure which was utilized to determine on-shell π+π- elastic scattering cross sections in the near threshold region. The Chew-Low results (the extrapolated πpi cross sections) were then used in a dispersion analysis (Roy equations) to obtain the πpi isospin zero S-wave scattering length. We find a00=0.209/pm 0.011μ-1. In addition, the invariant mass distributions from the (π+π-) channel were fitted to determine the model parameters for the extended model of Oset and Vicente-Vacas. We find that the model parameters obtained from fitting the (π+π-) data do not describe the invariant mass distributions in the (π+π+) channel.

10. Dosimetry methods

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

McLaughlin, W.L.; Miller, A.; Kovacs, A.;

2003-01-01

Chemical and physical radiation dosimetry methods, used for the measurement of absorbed dose mainly during the practical use of ionizing radiation, are discussed with respect to their characteristics and fields of application.......Chemical and physical radiation dosimetry methods, used for the measurement of absorbed dose mainly during the practical use of ionizing radiation, are discussed with respect to their characteristics and fields of application....

11. Dosimetry Service

CERN Multimedia

Dosimetry Service

2005-01-01

Please remember to read your dosimeter at least once every month. A regular read-out is indispensable to ensure periodic monitoring of your personal dose. You must read your dosimeter even if you have not visited the controlled areas. Film badges are no longer valid at CERN and holders of film badges are no longer allowed to enter the controlled radiation areas or work with a source. Dosimetry Service Tel. 72155 http://cern.ch/rp-dosimetry

12. Pion in a Box

CERN Document Server

Bietenholz, W; Horsley, R; Nakamura, Y; Pleiter, D; Rakow, P E L; Schierholz, G; Zanotti, J M

2010-01-01

The residual mass of the pion in a finite spatial box at vanishing quark masses is computed with two flavors of dynamical clover fermions. The result is compared with predictions of chiral perturbation theory in the delta regime.

13. Epid Dosimetry

Science.gov (United States)

Greer, Peter B.; Vial, Philip

2011-05-01

Electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) were introduced originally for patient position verification. The idea of using EPIDs for dosimetry was realised in the 1980s. Little was published on the topic until the mid 1990's, when the interest in EPIDs for dosimetry increased rapidly and continues to grow. The increasing research on EPID dosimetry coincided with the introduction of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). EPIDs are well suited to IMRT dosimetry because they are high resolution, two-dimensional (2D) digital detectors. They are also pre-existing on almost all modern linear accelerators. They generally show a linear response to increasing dose. Different types of EPIDs have been clinically implemented, and these have been described in several review papers. The current generation of commercially available EPIDs are indirect detection active matrix flat panel imagers, also known as amorphous silicon (a-Si) EPIDs. Disadvantages of a-Si EPIDs for dosimetry include non-water equivalent construction materials, and the energy sensitivity and optical scatter of the phosphor scintillators used to create optical signal from the megavoltage beam. This report discusses current knowledge regarding a-Si EPIDs for dosimetry.

14. Metastable Pions in Dense Media

CERN Document Server

Loewe, Marcelo; Villavicencio, Cristian

2016-01-01

We study the leptonic decay of charged pions in a compact star environment. Considering leptons as a degenerated Fermi system, pions are tightly constrained to decay into these particles because their Fermi levels are occupied. Thus, pion decay is only possible through thermal fluctuations. Under these circumstances, pion life-time is larger and hence can be considered to reach a metastable state. We explore restrictions under which such a metastability is possible. We also study conditions for pion-lepton chemical equilibrium and obtain the neutrino emissivity from metastable pions. Scenarios which favor this metastable state are protoneutron stars.

15. Pions in the nuclear medium

CERN Document Server

de Melo, J P B C; El-Bennich, Bruno; Rojas, E; Frederico, T

2014-01-01

Using the light-front pion wave function based on a Bethe-Salpeter amplitude model, we study the properties of the pion in symmetric nuclear matter. The pion model we adopt is well constrained by previous studies to explain the pion properties in vacuum. In order to consistently incorporate the constituent up and down quarks of the pion immersed in symmetric nuclear matter, we use the quark-meson coupling model, which has been widely applied to various hadronic and nuclear phenomena in a nuclear medium with success. We predict the in-medium modifications of the pion lectromagnetic form factor, charge radius and weak decay constant in symmetric nuclear matter.

16. Pion Induced Pion Production on Deuterium.

Science.gov (United States)

Sossi, Vesna

This thesis describes measurements of the pion induced pion production reaction pi^+ d to pi^{+} pi^{-}p p performed with a 280 MeV incident pi^{+} beam at TRIUMF. The data are compared with an improved version of the Oset and Vicente-Vacas theoretical model (12). The goal of the experiment and of the analysis was to provide a larger body of data for the free reaction and to test the validity of theoretical models. In the process, the ability to determine the values of the coupling constants C, f_Delta, g _{N*Delta_tau} within such a model framework would be explored. The knowledge of the precise value of these coupling constants would constrain N^* decay branching ratios and other pion induced reaction mechanisms like Double Charge Exchange. A previous experiment (23) had indicated that the pion induced pion production on deuterium is essentially a quasifree process with the reaction occurring on the neutron leaving the proton merely a spectator. The main difference with respect to the free reaction is the effect of Fermi motion of the neutron. Although we were interested in studying the free reaction (pi^ {-}p to pi^ {+}pi^{-}n), we chose a deuterium target so that the experiment could be run with a pi^+beam, since the pi^- beam flux is about 6 times lower than the flux of the positive pion beam at 280 MeV, the energy at which our experiment was performed. Such a flux would have required a much longer running time for the experiment in order to achieve the same statistical accuracy. The quasifree nature of the process was also confirmed in our experiment. This experiment involved a coincidence measurement of the quasifree process and as such provided four-fold differential cross section spectra of the reaction thus allowing for a microscopic comparison between data and theoretical models. In the theoretical description we incorporated additional amplitudes for the N^* to N(pipi)_{p-wave} diagrams required to describe the reaction cross section at T_pi = 280 Me

17. (Biological dosimetry)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Preston, R.J.

1990-12-17

18. THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETRY

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2005-10-20

Oct 20, 2005 ... abo area of the city has the least radiation dose rate while Obantoku area has the upper limit. aking this as ... 'n Abeokuta. eywords: Environmental radiation, thermoluminescent dosimetry, Abeokuta, outdoor ... Both 238U and 232Th have long decay series with ... effects of radiation exposure (Hanson and.

19. THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETRY

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2005-10-20

Oct 20, 2005 ... abo area of the city has the least radiation dose rate while Obantoku area has the upper limit. aking this as ... “n Abeokuta. eywords: Environmental radiation, thermoluminescent dosimetry, Abeokuta, outdoor ... Both 238U and 232Th have long decay series with ... effects of radiation exposure (Hanson and.

20. Dosimetry Service

CERN Multimedia

Dosimetry Service

2005-01-01

Please remember to read your dosimeter every month at least once and preferably during the first week. A regular read-out is indispensable in order to ensure a periodic monitoring of the personal dose. You should read your dosimeter even if you have not visited the controlled areas. If you still have the old dosimeter (film badge), please send it immediately for evaluation to us (Bdg 24 E-011). After January 2005 there will be no developing process for the old film system. Information for Contractors: Please remember also to bring the form âConfirm Reception of a CERN Dosimeter' signed with âFeuille d'enregistrement du CERN'. Without these forms the dosimeter cannot be assigned. Thank you for your cooperation. Dosimetry Service Tel 767 2155 http://cern.ch/rp-dosimetry

OpenAIRE

Cameron, J

1991-01-01

2. Streamer chamber: pion decay

CERN Multimedia

1992-01-01

The real particles produced in the decay of a positive pion can be seen in this image from a streamer chamber. Streamer chambers consist of a gas chamber through which a strong pulsed electric field is passed, creating sparks as a charged particle passes through it. A magnetic field is added to cause the decay products to follow curved paths so that their charge and momentum can be measured.

3. Pion Polarizability at CERN COMPASS

CERN Document Server

Moinester, Murray

2014-01-01

The electric α π and magnetic β π charged p ion polariz abilities characterize the induced dipole moments of the pion during γπ scattering . The se fundamental characterisitcs of the pion provide stringent tests of various theoretical models , for example chiral perturbation theory ( Ch PT) . CERN COMPAS S investigated pion Compton scattering γπ → γ π , via radiative pion Primakoff scattering (Bremsstrahlung of 190 GeV/c negative pions) in the nuclear Coulomb field of the Ni nucleus: π + Ni → π + γ + Ni. The resulting data are equivalent to γπ Compton scatter ing for laboratory γ's having momenta of order 1 GeV/c incident on a target pion at rest. The data yield preliminary polarizability values α π = − β π = (1.9±0.7 stat ±0.8 syst ) ×10 − 4 fm 3 , in agreement with Ch PT .

CERN Document Server

1972-01-01

Radiation Dosimetry, Supplement 1: Topics in Radiation Dosimetry covers instruments and techniques in dealing with special dosimetry problems. The book discusses thermoluminescence dosimetry in archeological dating; dosimetric applications of track etching; vacuum chambers of radiation measurement. The text also describes wall-less detectors in microdosimetry; dosimetry of low-energy X-rays; and the theory and general applicability of the gamma-ray theory of track effects to various systems. Dose equivalent determinations in neutron fields by means of moderator techniques; as well as developm

5. Pion rescattering in two-pion decay of heavy quarkonia

CERN Document Server

Lähde, T A

2002-01-01

The role of pion rescattering in pi pi decay of radially excited heavy quarkonia modeled in terms of a Q pi pi coupling, is investigated within the framework of the covariant Blankenbecler-Sugar equation. The effects of pion rescattering (or pion exchange) are shown to be large, unless the coupling of the two-pion system to the heavy quarks is mediated by a fairly light scalar sigma meson, which couples to the gradients of the pion fields. The Hamiltonian model for the quarkonium states is formed of linear scalar confining, screened one-gluon exchange and instanton induced interaction terms. The widths and energy distributions of the basic decays psi'->J/psi pi pi and UPSILON'-> UPSILON pi pi are shown to be satisfactorily described by this model. The implications of this model for the decays of the UPSILON(3S) state are discussed.

6. Neutral current coherent pion production

CERN Document Server

Alvarez-Ruso, L; Vacas, M J Vicente

2007-01-01

We investigate the neutrino induced coherent pion production reaction at low and intermediate energies. The model includes pion, nucleon and Delta(1232) resonance as the relevant hadronic degrees of freedom. Nuclear medium effects on the production mechanisms and pion distortion are taken into account. We obtain that the dominance of the Delta excitation holds due to large cancellations among the background contributions. We consider two sets of vector and axial-vector N-Delta transition form-factors, evidencing the strong sensitivity of the results to the axial coupling C5A(0). The differences between neutrino and antineutrino cross sections, emerging from interference terms, are also discussed.

7. Neutrino induced 1-pion production

CERN Document Server

González-Jiménez, R; Van Dessel, N; Pandey, V; Jachowicz, N

2016-01-01

Neutrino-induced pion production constitutes an important contribution to neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections at intermediate energies. A deep understanding of this process is mandatory for a correct interpretation of neutrino-oscillation experiments. We aim at contributing to the ongoing effort to understand the various experimental results obtained by different collaborations in a wide range of energies. In particular, in this work we analyze recent MiniBooNE and MINERvA charged-current neutrino 1-pion production data. We use a relativistic theoretical approach which accounts for resonant and non-resonant 1-pion production contributions.

8. Charged Pion Photoproduction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haiyan Gao, Wei Chen

2009-12-01

We extracted the differential cross section for the gn --> pi-p process from a deuterium target using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab in Hall B for photon energies between 1.0 and 3.5 GeV and pion center-of-mass (c.m.) angles (theta c.m.) between 50 deg. and 115 deg. We confirm a previous indication of a broad enhancement around a c.m. energy (sqrt s) of 2.1 GeV at theta c.m. =90 deg. in the scaled differential cross section, s^7 ds/dt and a rapid fall-off in a center-of-mass energy region of about 400 MeV following the enhancement. Our data show an angular dependence of this enhancement as the suggested scaling region is approached for theta c.m. from 70 deg. to 10 deg.

9. Pion form factor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ryong Ji, C.; Pang, A.; Szczepaniak, A. [North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)

1994-04-01

It is pointed out that the correct criterion to define the legal PQCD contribution to the exclusive processes in the lightcone perturbative expansion should be based on the large off-shellness of the lightcone energy in the intermediate states. In the lightcone perturbative QCD calculation of the pion form factor, the authors find that the legal PQCD contribution defined by the lightcone energy cut saturates in the smaller Q{sup 2} region compared to that defined by the gluon four-momentum square cut. This is due to the contribution by the highly off-energy-shell gluons in the end point regions of the phase space, indicating that the gluon four-momentum-square cut may have cut too much to define the legal PQCD.

10. Backward pion photoproduction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sibirtsev, A; Haidenbauer, J; Huang, F; Krewald, S; Meissner, U -G

2009-04-01

We present a systematic analysis of backward pion photoproduction for the reactions $\\gamma$ p $\\rightarrow$ $\\pi^{0}_{}$ p and $\\gamma$ p $\\rightarrow$ $\\pi^{+}_{}$ n . Regge phenomenology is applied at invariant collision energies above 3GeV in order to fix the reaction amplitude. A comparision with older data on $\\pi^{0}_{}$ - and $\\pi^{+}_{}$ -photoproduction at $\\vartheta$ = 180° indicates that the high-energy limit as given by the Regge calculation could be reached possibly at energies of around $\\sqrt{{s}}$ ≃ 3 GeV. In the energy region of $\\sqrt{{s}}$ $\\le$2.5 GeV, covered by the new measurements of $\\gamma$ p $\\rightarrow$ $\\pi^{0}_{}$ p differential cross-sections at large angles at ELSA, JLab, and LEPS, we see no clear signal for a convergence towards the Regge results. The baryon trajectories obtained in our analysis are in good agreement with those given by the spectrum of excited baryons.

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Miller, Arne

1986-01-01

During the past few years significant advances have taken place in the different areas of dosimetry for radiation processing, mainly stimulated by the increased interest in radiation for food preservation, plastic processing and sterilization of medical products. Reference services both...... and sterilization dosimetry, optichromic dosimeters in the shape of small tubes for food processing, and ESR spectroscopy of alanine for reference dosimetry. In this paper the special features of radiation processing dosimetry are discussed, several commonly used dosimeters are reviewed, and factors leading...

12. Neutrino induced coherent pion production

CERN Document Server

Hernández, E; Valverde, M; Vicente-Vacas, M J

2009-01-01

We discuss different parameterizations of the $C_5^A(q^2)$ $N\\Delta$ axial form factor, fitted to the old Argonne bubble chamber data for pion production by neutrinos, and we use coherent pion production to test their low $q^2$ behavior. We find moderate effects that will be difficult to observe with the accuracy of present experiments. We also discuss the use of the Rein-Sehgal model for low energy coherent pion production. By comparison to a microscopic calculation, we show the weaknesses of some of the approximations in that model that lead to very large cross sections as well as to the wrong shapes for differential ones. Finally we show that models based on the partial conservation of the axial current hypothesis are not fully reliable for differential cross sections that depend on the angle formed by the pion and the incident neutrino.

13. Shape of Pion Distribution Amplitude

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2009-11-01

A scenario is investigated in which the leading-twist pion distribution amplitude $\\varphi_\\pi (x)$ is approximated by the pion decay constant $f_\\pi$ for all essential values of the light-cone fraction $x$. A model for the light-front wave function $\\Psi (x, k_\\perp)$ is proposed that produces such a distribution amplitude and has a rapidly decreasing (exponential for definiteness) dependence on the light-front energy combination $k_\\perp^2/x(1-x)$. It is shown that this model easily reproduces the fit of recent large-$Q^2$ BaBar data on the photon-pion transition form factor. Some aspects of scenario with flat pion distribution amplitude are discussed.

14. Weak pion production from nuclei

2006-04-01

The charged current pion production induced by neutrinos in 12C, 16O and 56Fe nuclei has been studied. The calculations have been done for the coherent as well as the incoherent processes assuming dominance and takes into account the effect of Pauli blocking, Fermi motion and the renormalization of in the nuclear medium. The pion absorption effects have also been taken into account.

15. Evaluation of the Axial Vector Commutator Sum Rule for Pion-Pion Scattering

CERN Document Server

2007-01-01

We consider the sum rule proposed by one of us (SLA), obtained by taking the expectation value of an axial vector commutator in a state with one pion. The sum rule relates the pion decay constant to integrals of pion-pion cross sections, with one pion off the mass shell. We remark that recent data on pion-pion scattering allow a precise evaluation of the sum rule. We also discuss the related Adler--Weisberger sum rule (obtained by taking the expectation value of the same commutator in a state with one nucleon), especially in connection with the problem of extrapolation of the pion momentum off its mass shell.

16. Determination of the pion distribution amplitude

CERN Document Server

Huang, Tao; Wu, Xing-Gang

2013-01-01

Right now, we have not enough knowledge to determine the hadron distribution amplitudes (DAs) which are universal physical quantities in the high energy processes involving hadron for applying pQCD to exclusive processes. Even for the simplest pion, one can't discriminate from different DA models. Inversely, one expects that processes involving pion can in principle provide strong constraints on the pion DA. For example, the pion-photon transition form factor (TFF) can get accurate information of the pion wave function or DA, due to the single pion in this process. However, the data from Belle and BABAR have a big difference on TFF in high $Q^2$ regions, at present, they are helpless for determining the pion DA. At the present paper, we think it is still possible to determine the pion DA as long as we perform a combined analysis of the most existing data of the processes involving pion such as $\\pi \\to \\mu \\bar{\ 17. Pions to Quarks Science.gov (United States) Brown, Laurie Mark; Dresden, Max; Hoddeson, Lillian 2009-01-01 Part I. Introduction; 1. Pions to quarks: particle physics in the 1950s Laurie M Brown, Max Dresden and Lillian Hoddeson; 2. Particle physics in the early 1950s Chen Ning Yang; 3. An historian's interest in particle physics J. L. Heilbron; Part II. Particle discoveries in cosmic rays; 4. Cosmic-ray cloud-chamber contributions to the discovery of the strange particles in the decade 1947-1957 George D. Rochester; 5. Cosmic-ray work with emulsions in the 1940s and 1950s Donald H. Perkins; Part III. High-energy nuclear physics; Learning about nucleon resonances with pion photoproduction Robert L. Walker; 7. A personal view of nucleon structure as revealed by electron scattering Robert Hofstadter; 8. Comments on electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon Robert G. Sachs and Kameshwar C. Wali; Part IV. The new laboratory; 9. The making of an accelerator physicist Matthew Sands; 10. Accelerator design and construction in the 1950s John P. Blewett; 11. Early history of the Cosmotron and AGS Ernest D. Courant; 12. Panel on accelerators and detectors in the 1950s Lawrence W. Jones, Luis W. Alvarez, Ugo Amaldi, Robert Hofstadter, Donald W. Kerst, Robert R. Wilson; 13. Accelerators and the Midwestern Universities Research Association in the 1950s Donald W. Kerst; 14. Bubbles, sparks and the postwar laboratory Peter Galison; 15. Development of the discharge (spark) chamber in Japan in the 1950s Shuji Fukui; 16. Early work at the Bevatron: a personal account Gerson Goldhaber; 17. The discovery of the antiproton Owen Chamberlain; 18. On the antiproton discovery Oreste Piccioni; Part V. The Strange Particles; 19. The hydrogen bubble chamber and the strange resonances Luis W. Alvarez; 20. A particular view of particle physics in the fifties Jack Steinberger; 21. Strange particles William Chinowsky; 22. Strange particles: production by Cosmotron beams as observed in diffusion cloud chambers William B. Fowler; 23. From the 1940s into the 1950s Abraham Pais; Part VI. Detection of the 18. Pion structure from lattice QCD Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Javadi Motaghi, Narjes 2015-05-12 In this thesis we use lattice QCD to compute the second Mellin moments of pion generalized parton distributions and pion electromagnetic form factors. For our calculations we are able to analyze a large set of gauge configurations with 2 dynamical flavours using non-perturbatively the improved Wilson-Sheikholeslami-Wohlert fermionic action pion masses ranging down to 151 MeV. By employing improved smearing we were able to suppress excited state contamination. However, our data in the physical quark mass limit show that some excited state contamination remains. We show the non-zero sink momentum is optimal for the computation of the electromagnetic form factors and generalized form factors at finite momenta. 19. Scrutinizing the pion condensed phase Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Carignano, Stefano; Mammarella, Andrea; Mannarelli, Massimo [INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (Italy); Lepori, Luca [Universita di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Padova (Italy); Universita dell' Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Coppito-L' Aquila (Italy); Pagliaroli, Giulia [INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (Italy); Gran Sasso Science Institute, L' Aquila (Italy) 2017-02-15 When the isospin chemical potential exceeds the pion mass, charged pions condense in the zero-momentum state forming a superfluid. Chiral perturbation theory provides a very powerful tool for studying this phase. However, the formalism that is usually employed in this context does not clarify various aspects of the condensation mechanism and makes the identification of the soft modes problematic. We re-examine the pion condensed phase using different approaches within the chiral perturbation theory framework. As a first step, we perform a low-density expansion of the chiral Lagrangian valid close to the onset of the Bose-Einstein condensation. We obtain an effective theory that can be mapped to a Gross-Pitaevskii Lagrangian in which, remarkably, all the coefficients depend on the isospin chemical potential. The low-density expansion becomes unreliable deep in the pion condensed phase. For this reason, we develop an alternative field expansion deriving a low-energy Lagrangian analog to that of quantum magnets. By integrating out the ''radial'' fluctuations we obtain a soft Lagrangian in terms of the Nambu-Goldstone bosons arising from the breaking of the pion number symmetry. Finally, we test the robustness of the second-order transition between the normal and the pion condensed phase when next-to-leading-order chiral corrections are included. We determine the range of parameters for turning the second-order phase transition into a first-order one, finding that the currently accepted values of these corrections are unlikely to change the order of the phase transition. (orig.) 20. Pion-induced pion production on deuterium: a quasifree process Science.gov (United States) Sossi, V.; Iqbal, M. J.; Johnson, R. R.; Jones, G.; Pavan, M.; Rozon, F. M.; Sevior, M.; Vetterli, D.; Weber, P.; Sheffer, G.; Smith, G. R.; Camerini, P.; Grion, N.; Rui, R.; Stevenson, N. R.; Vicente-Vacas, M. J. 1992-10-01 A detailed experimental analysis of the π+d → π+π-pp in-plane coincidence data first presented by Rui et al. is compared to an expanded version of the Oset and Vicente-Vacas model for pion-induced pion production on a free nucleon. This extended model averages over Fermi motion to describe the assumed quasifree nature of the process occurring on the deuteron and includes nine additional diagrams to account for the N∗ → N(ππ) p-wave reaction channels. Experimental effects such as pion energy loss in the target and in the detectors, pion decay and muon detection are investigated and incorporated into the comparison of experimental data and theory. Inclusion of Fermi motion was found to be essential to provide good agreement between data and model confirming the quasifree nature of the reaction. When compared to the total-cross-section measurements of Manley et al., the free-reaction model yields a model-dependent estimate of the overall strength of the diagram containing the N∗ → N(ππ) s-wave vertex. 1. In-Medium Pion Valence Distribution Amplitude CERN Document Server Tsushima, K 2016-01-01 After a brief review of the quark-based model for nuclear matter, and some pion properties in medium presented in our previous works, we report new results for the pion valence wave function as well as the valence distribution amplitude in medium, which are presented in our recent article. We find that both the in-medium pion valence distribution and the in-medium pion valence wave function, are substantially modified at normal nuclear matter density, due to the reduction in the pion decay constant. 2. In-Medium Pion Valence Distribution Amplitude Science.gov (United States) Tsushima, K.; de Melo, J. P. B. C. 2017-03-01 After a brief review of the quark-based model for nuclear matter, and some pion properties in medium presented in our previous works, we report new results for the pion valence wave function as well as the valence distribution amplitude in medium, which are presented in our recent article. We find that both the in-medium pion valence distribution and the in-medium pion valence wave function, are substantially modified at normal nuclear matter density, due to the reduction in the pion decay constant. 3. Dynamical Model of Weak Pion Production Reactions CERN Document Server Sato, T; Lee, T S H 2003-01-01 The dynamical model of pion electroproduction has been extended to investigate the weak pion production reactions. The predicted cross sections of neutrino-induced pion production reactions are in good agreement with the existing data. We show that the renormalized(dressed) axial N-$\\Delta$form factor contains large dynamical pion cloud effects and this renormalization effects are crucial in getting agreement with the data. We conclude that the N-$\\Delta$transitions predicted by the constituent quark model are consistent with the existing neutrino induced pion production data in the$\\Delta$region. 4. Scrutinizing the pion condensed phase CERN Document Server Carignano, Stefano; Mammarella, Andrea; Mannarelli, Massimo; Pagliaroli, Giulia 2016-01-01 When the isospin chemical potential exceeds the pion mass, charged pions condense in the zero-momentum state forming a superfluid. Chiral perturbation theory provides a very powerful tool for studying this phase. However, the formalism that is usually employed in this context does not clarify various aspects of the condensation mechanism and makes the identification of the soft modes problematic. We re-examine the pion condensed phase using different approaches within the chiral perturbation theory framework. As a first step, we perform a low-density expansion of the chiral Lagrangian valid in the normal phase and close to the onset of the Bose-Einstein condensation. We obtain an effective theory that can be mapped to a Gross-Pitaevskii Lagrangian in which, remarkably, all the coefficients depend on the isospin chemical potential. The low-density expansion becomes unreliable deep in the pion condensed phase. For this reason, we develop an alternative field expansion deriving a low-energy Lagrangian analog to ... 5. Dosimetry service removal CERN Multimedia Safety Commission 2010-01-01 Dear personal dosimeter user, Please note that the Dosimetry service has moved in building 55, the service is now located in the main floor: 55-R-004. Main floor instead of second floor. On your right hand when accessing in the building. Thank you Dosimetry Service 6. Three pion nucleon coupling constants CERN Document Server Arriola, E Ruiz; Perez, R Navarro 2016-01-01 There exist four pion nucleon coupling constants,$f_{\\pi^0, pp}$,$-f_{\\pi^0, nn}$,$f_{\\pi^+, pn} /\\sqrt{2}$and$ f_{\\pi^-, np} /\\sqrt{2}$which coincide when up and down quark masses are identical and the electron charge is zero. While there is no reason why the pion-nucleon-nucleon coupling constants should be identical in the real world, one expects that the small differences might be pinned down from a sufficiently large number of independent and mutually consistent data. Our discussion provides a rationale for our recent determination $$f_p^2 = 0.0759(4) \\, , \\quad f_{0}^2 = 0.079(1) \\,, \\quad f_{c}^2 = 0.0763(6) \\, ,$$ based on a partial wave analysis of the$3\\sigma$self-consistent nucleon-nucleon Granada-2013 database comprising 6713 published data in the period 1950-2013. 7. Double pion photoproduction in nuclei CERN Document Server Vicente-Vacas, M J; Gómez-Tejedor, J A; Vicente-Vacas, M J; Oset, E; Gómez Tejedor, J A 1994-01-01 Abstract: The inclusive A(gamma,pi+ pi-)X reaction is studied theoretically. A sizeable enhancement of the cross section is found, in comparison with the scaling of the deuteron cross section (sigma_deuteron * A/2). This enhancement is due to the modifications in the nuclear medium of the gamma N ----> pi pi N amplitude and the pion dispersion relation. The enhancement is found to be bigger than the one already observed in the (pi,pi pi) reaction in nuclei. 8. Two-meson and multi-pion final states from 600 gev pion interactions CERN Document Server Moinester, M A 1994-01-01 This report describes the transitions pion ---> meson_1 + meson_2 and also pion ----> multi-pion for high energy pions interacting with target nuclei (Z,A). The physics interests are: A) Nuclear inelastic coherent diffraction cross sections for pions, for studies of size fluctuations in the pion wave function. B) Radiative widths of excited meson states, for tests of vector dominance and quark models. C) Experimental determination of the pi- + rho -----> pi- + gamma total reaction rate for gamma production above 0.7 GeV, needed for background studies of quark-gluon plasma formation experiments. D) Investigation of the gamma ---->3 pi vertex in pion pair production by a pion, for a significantly improved test of the hypothesis of chiral anomalies. The physics interest and associated bibliography are summarized here; with particular reference to the 200-600 GeV beams available at FNAL and CERN. Complementary GEANT simulations and trigger studies are needed. 9. How strange is pion electroproduction? CERN Document Server Gorchtein, Mikhail; Zhang, Xilin 2015-01-01 We consider pion production in parity-violating electron scattering (PVES) in the presence of nucleon strangeness in the framework of partial wave analysis with unitarity. Using the experimental bounds on the strange form factors obtained in elastic PVES, we study the sensitivity of the parity-violating asymmetry to strange nucleon form factors. For forward kinematics and electron energies above 1 GeV, we observe that this sensitivity may reach about 20\\% in the threshold region. With parity-violating asymmetries being as large as tens p.p.m., this study suggests that threshold pion production in PVES can be used as a promising way to better constrain strangeness contributions. Using this model for the neutral current pion production, we update the estimate for the dispersive$\\gamma Z$-box correction to the weak charge of the proton. In the kinematics of the Qweak experiment, our new prediction reads Re$\\,\\Box_{\\gamma Z}^V(E=1.165\\,{\\rm GeV}) = (5.58\\pm1.41)\\times10^{-3}$, an improvement over the previous un... 10. Pion production in neutrino-nucleus collisions CERN Document Server Hernández, E; Vacas, M J Vicente 2013-01-01 We compare our pion production results with recent MiniBooNE data measured in mineral oil. Our total cross sections lie below experimental data for neutrino energies above 1 GeV. Differential cross sections show our model produces too few high energy pions in the forward direction as compared to data. The agreement with experiment improves by artificially removing pion final state interaction. 11. Experimental study of rare charged pion decays CERN Document Server Pocanic, Dinko; van der Schaaf, Andries 2014-01-01 The combination of simple dynamics, small number of available decay channels, and extremely well controlled radiative and loop corrections, make charged pion decays a sensitive means for testing the underlying symmetries and the universality of weak fermion couplings, as well as for improving our understanding of pion structure and chiral dynamics. This paper reviews the current state of experimental study of the allowed rare decays of charged pions: (a) leptonic,$\\pi^+ \\to e^+\

12. Neutrino-induced coherent pion production

CERN Document Server

Alvarez-Ruso, L; Hirenzaki, S; Vacas, M J Vicente; Leitner, T; Mosel, U

2007-01-01

We have investigated the neutrino induced coherent pion production reaction at the energies of interest for recent experiments like K2K and MiniBooNE. The model includes pion, nucleon and the Delta(1232) resonance. Medium effects in the production mechanism and the distortion of the pion wave function are taken into account. We find a strong reduction of the cross section due to these effects and also substantial modifications in the energy distributions of the final pion. The sensitivity of the results on the axial N-Delta coupling C5A(0) and the coherent fraction in neutral-current pi0 production are discussed.

13. Coherent Pions From Neutrino Scattering Off Nuclei

CERN Document Server

Valverde, M; Hernandez, E; Nieves, J; Vacas, M J Vicente

2010-01-01

We describe a model for pion production off nucleons and coherent pions from nuclei induced by neutrinos in the 1 GeV energy regime. Besides the dominant Delta pole contribution, it takes into account the effect of background terms required by chiral symmetry. Moreover, the model uses a reduced nucleon-to-Delta resonance axial coupling, which leads to coherent pion production cross sections around a factor two smaller than most of the previous theoretical estimates. Nuclear effects like medium corrections on the Delta propagator and final pion distortion are included.

14. Pion polarizabilities: Theory vs Experiment

CERN Document Server

Ivanov, Mikhail A

2015-01-01

The values of charged pion polarizabilities obtained in the framework of chiral perturbation theory at the level of two-loop accuracy are compared with the experimental result recently reported by COMPASS Collaboration. It is found that the calculated value for the dipole polarizabilities $(\\alpha-\\beta)_{\\pi^\\pm}= (5.7\\pm 1.0)\\times 10^{-4}\\,{\\rm fm}^3$ fits quite well the experimental result $(\\alpha-\\beta)_{\\pi^\\pm} = (4.0 \\pm 1.2_{\\rm stat} \\pm 1.4_{\\rm syst}) \\times 10^{-4}\\,{\\rm fm}^3$.

15. Double pion photoproduction in nuclei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomez Tejedor, J.A. [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Valencia (Spain); Vicente-Vacas, M.J. [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Valencia (Spain); Oset, E. [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Valencia (Spain)

1995-06-19

The inclusive A({gamma},{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})X reaction is studied theoretically. A sizable enhancement of the cross section is found, in comparison with the scaling of the deuteron cross section ({sigma}{sub d} A/2). This enhancement is due to the modifications in the nuclear medium of the {gamma}N {yields}{pi}{pi}N amplitude and the pion dispersion relation. The enhancement is found to be bigger than the one already observed in the ({pi},{pi}{pi}) reaction in nuclei. ((orig.)).

16. Covariant formulation of pion-nucleon scattering

Science.gov (United States)

Lahiff, A. D.; Afnan, I. R.

A covariant model of elastic pion-nucleon scattering based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation is presented. The kernel consists of s- and u-channel nucleon and delta poles, along with rho and sigma exchange in the t-channel. A good fit is obtained to the s- and p-wave phase shifts up to the two-pion production threshold.

17. Production of Two Pions Induced by Neutrinos

CERN Document Server

Valverde, M; Hernández, E; Singh, S K; Vacas, M J Vicente

2008-01-01

We study the threshold production of two pions induced by neutrinos in nucleon targets. The contribution of nucleon pole, pion and contact terms is calculated using a chiral Lagrangian. The contribution of the Roper resonance, neglected in earlier studies, has also been taken into account.

18. Single pion production in neutrino nucleus scattering

CERN Document Server

Hernández, E; Vacas, M J Vicente

2013-01-01

We study one pion production in both charged and neutral current neutrino nucleus scattering for neutrino energies below 2 GeV. We use a theoretical model for one pion production at the nucleon level that we correct for medium effects. The results are incorporated into a cascade program that apart from production also includes the pion final state interaction inside the nucleus. Besides, in some specific channels coherent pion production is also possible and we evaluate its contribution as well. Our results for total and differential cross sections are compared with recent data from the MiniBooNE Collaboration. The model provides an overall acceptable description of data, better for NC than for CC channels, although theory is systematically below data. Differential cross sections, folded with the full neutrino flux, show that most of the missing pions lie on the forward direction and at high energies.

19. INDIVIDUAL DOSIMETRY SERVICE

CERN Multimedia

2000-01-01

Personnel in the distribution groups Aleph, Delphi, L3, Opal who also work for other experiments than at LEP, should contact their dispatchers to explain their activities for the future, after LEP dismantling in order to be maintained on the regular distribution list at Individual DosimetryWe inform all staff and users under regular dosimetric control that the dosimeters for the monitoring period MAY/JUNE will be available from their usual dispatchers on Tuesday 2 May.Please have your films changed before the 12 May.The colour of the dosimeter valid in is MAY/JUNE is YELLOW.Individual Dosimetry Service will be closed on Friday 28 April.

CERN Document Server

McParland, Brian J

2010-01-01

Complexities of the requirements for accurate radiation dosimetry evaluation in both diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine (including PET) have grown over the past decade. This is due primarily to four factors: growing consideration of accurate patient-specific treatment planning for radionuclide therapy as a means of improving the therapeutic benefit, development of more realistic anthropomorphic phantoms and their use in estimating radiation transport and dosimetry in patients, design and use of advanced Monte Carlo algorithms in calculating the above-mentioned radiation transport and

1. Dosimetry for SIRT; Dosimetrie bei der SIRT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, S.P. [Universitatesklinikum Essen (Germany). Klinik fuer Nuklearmedizin

2011-09-15

Dosimetry is only one aspect of treatment planning for 'Selective internal radiotherapy' (SIRT) or 'transarterial radioembolization' (TARE) with Yttrium-90 Microspheres is an emerging palliative therapy for malignant hepatoma. Dosimetric considerations, together with interventional, oncological and hepatological aspects need to be considered for optimal treatment stratification. The product-specific dosimetric calculations for 2 commercially available microsphere products are compared and set in relation to the average doses to liver and tumor. Ostensible discrepancies between the dose-response of Y-90-microspheres and external beam radiation therapy are discussed in the context of radiobiological concepts. (orig.)

2. Status of radiation processing dosimetry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Miller, A.

1993-01-01

Several milestones have marked the field of radiation processing dosimetry since IMRP 7. Among them are the IAEA symposium on High Dose Dosimetry for Radiation Processing and the international Workshops on Dosimetry for Radiation Processing organized by the ASTM. Several standards have been...... or are being published by the ASTM in this field, both on dosimetry procedures and on the proper use of specific dosimeter systems. Several individuals are involved in this international cooperation which contribute significantly to the broader understanding of the role of dosimetry in radiation processing....... The importance of dosimetry is emphasized in the standards on radiation sterilization which are currently drafted by the European standards organization CEN and by the international standards organization ISO. In both standards, dosimetry plays key roles in characterization of the facility, in qualification...

3. Chiral Dynamics in Pion-Photon Reactions Habilitation

CERN Document Server

Friedrich, Jan Michael

As the lightest particle of the strong force, the pion plays a central role in the field of strong interactions, and understanding its properties is of prime relevance for understanding the strong interaction in general. The low-energy behaviour of pions is of particular interest. Although the quark-gluon substructure and their quantum chromodynamics is not apparent then, this specific inner structure causes the presence of approximate symmetries in pion-pion interactions and in pion decays, which gives rise to the systematic description of processes involving pions in terms of few low-energy constants. Specifically, the chiral symmetry and its spontaneous and explicit breaking, treated in chiral perturbation theory (ChPT), leads to firm predictions for low-energy properties of the pion. To those belong the electromagnetic polarisabilities of the pion, describing the leading-order structure effect in pion Compton scattering. The research presented in this work is concerned with the interaction of pions and ph...

CERN Document Server

de Florian, D; Epele, M; Hernandez-Pinto, R J; Stratmann, M

2014-01-01

We present a new, comprehensive global analysis of parton-to-pion fragmentation functions at next-to-leading order accuracy in QCD. The obtained results are based on the latest experimental information on single-inclusive pion production in electron-positron annihilation, lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering, and proton-proton collisions. An excellent description of all data sets is achieved, and the remaining uncertainties in parton-to-pion fragmentation functions are estimated based on the Hessian method. Extensive comparisons to the results from our previous global analysis are performed.

5. Charged current neutrino induced coherent pion production

CERN Document Server

Alvarez-Ruso, L; Hirenzaki, S; Vacas, M J V

2007-01-01

We analyze the neutrino induced charged current coherent pion production at the energies of interest for recent experiments like K2K and MiniBooNE. Medium effects in the production mechanism and the distortion of the pion wave function, obtained solving the Klein Gordon equation with a microscopic optical potential, are included in the calculation. We find a strong reduction of the cross section due to these effects and also substantial modifications of the energy distributions of the final lepton and pion.

6. Model Selection for Pion Photoproduction

CERN Document Server

Landay, J; Fernández-Ramírez, C; Hu, B; Molina, R

2016-01-01

Partial-wave analysis of meson and photon-induced reactions is needed to enable the comparison of many theoretical approaches to data. In both energy-dependent and independent parametrizations of partial waves, the selection of the model amplitude is crucial. Principles of the $S$-matrix are implemented to different degree in different approaches, but a many times overlooked aspect concerns the selection of undetermined coefficients and functional forms for fitting, leading to a minimal yet sufficient parametrization. We present an analysis of low-energy neutral pion photoproduction using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) in combination with criteria from information theory and $K$-fold cross validation. These methods are not yet widely known in the analysis of excited hadrons but will become relevant in the era of precision spectroscopy. The principle is first illustrated with synthetic data, then, its feasibility for real data is demonstrated by analyzing the latest available measu...

7. Pion production off the nucleon

CERN Document Server

Alam, M Rafi; Chauhan, Shikha; Singh, S K

2016-01-01

We have studied charged current neutrino/antineutrino induced weak pion production from nucleon. For the present study, contributions from $\\Delta(1232)$-resonant term, non-resonant background terms as well as contribution from higher resonances viz. $P_{11}$(1440), $D_{13}$(1520), $S_{11}$(1535), $S_{11}$(1650) and $P_{13}$(1720) are taken. To write the hadronic current for the non-resonant background terms, a microscopic approach based on SU(2) non-linear sigma model has been used. The vector form factors for the resonances are obtained from the helicity amplitudes provided by MAID. Axial coupling in the case of $\\Delta(1232)$ resonance is obtained by fitting the ANL and BNL $\ 8. Backward pion-nucleon scattering Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Huang, F. [Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States); Sibirtsev, Alex [Helmholtz-Institut furr Strahlen- und Kernphysik (Theorie) und Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universitat Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Haidenbauer, Johann [Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany); Meissner, Ulf-G. [Helmholtz-Institut fur Strahlen- und Kernphysik (Theorie) und Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universitat Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany) 2010-02-01 A global analysis of the world data on differential cross sections and polarization asymmetries of backward pion-nucleon scattering for invariant collision energies above 3 GeV is performed in a Regge model. Including the$N_\\alpha$,$N_\\gamma$,$\\Delta_\\delta$and$\\Delta_\\beta$trajectories, we reproduce both angular distributions and polarization data for small values of the Mandelstam variable$u$, in contrast to previous analyses. The model amplitude is used to obtain evidence for baryon resonances with mass below 3 GeV. Our analysis suggests a$G_{39}$resonance with a mass of 2.83 GeV as member of the$\\Delta_{\\beta}$trajectory from the corresponding Chew-Frautschi plot. 9. High frequency electromagnetic dosimetry CERN Document Server Sánchez-Hernández, David A 2009-01-01 Along with the growth of RF and microwave technology applications, there is a mounting concern about the possible adverse effects over human health from electromagnetic radiation. Addressing this issue and putting it into perspective, this groundbreaking resource provides critical details on the latest advances in high frequency electromagnetic dosimetry. 10. Individual dosimetry service CERN Document Server 2004-01-01 We inform all staff and users under regular dosimetry control that the dosimeters for the monitoring period JULY-AUGUST 2004 are available from their usual dispatchers. Please have your films changed before the 15 JULY 2004. The color of the dosimeter valid in July-August 2004 is PINK. 11. Precise analysis of pion-pion scattering data from Roy equations and forward dispersion relations CERN Document Server Peláez, J R; Kaminski, R; Ynduráin, F J 2008-01-01 We review our recent analysis of pion-pion scattering data in terms of Roy equations and Forward Dispersion Relations, and present some preliminary results in terms of a new set of once-subtracted coupled equations for partial waves. The first analysis consists of independent fits to the different pion-pion channels that satisfies rather well the dispersive representation. In the second analysis we constrain the fit with the dispersion relations. The latter provides a very precise and model independent description of data using just analyticity, causality and crossing. 12. Chiral pions in a magnetic background Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Colucci, G., E-mail: colucci@th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de [Institute for Theoretical Physics, J.W. Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Fraga, E.S., E-mail: fraga@if.ufrj.br [Institute for Theoretical Physics, J.W. Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21945-970 (Brazil); Sedrakian, A., E-mail: sedrakian@th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de [Institute for Theoretical Physics, J.W. Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 2014-01-20 We investigate the modification of the pion self-energy at finite temperature due to its interaction with a low-density, isospin-symmetric nuclear medium embedded in a constant magnetic background. To one loop, for fixed temperature and density, we find that the pion effective mass increases with the magnetic field. For the π{sup −}, interestingly, this happens solely due to the trivial Landau quantization shift ∼|eB|, since the real part of the self-energy is negative in this case. In a scenario in which other charged particle species are present and undergo an analogous trivial shift, the relevant behavior of the effective mass might be determined essentially by the real part of the self-energy. In this case, we find that the pion mass decreases by ∼10% for a magnetic field |eB|∼m{sub π}{sup 2}, which favors pion condensation at high density and low temperatures. 13. Chiral pions in a magnetic background CERN Document Server Colucci, Giuseppe; Sedrakian, Armen 2013-01-01 We investigate the modification of the pion self-energy at finite temperature due to its interaction with a low-density, isospin-symmetric nuclear medium embedded in a constant magnetic background. To one loop, for fixed temperature and density, we find that the pion effective mass increases with the magnetic field. For the$\\pi^{-}$, interestingly, this happens solely due to the trivial Landau quantization shift$\\sim |eB|$, since the real part of the self-energy is negative in this case. In a scenario in which other charged particle species are present and undergo an analogous trivial shift, the relevant behavior of the effective mass might be determined essentially by the real part of the self-energy. In this case, we find that the pion mass decreases by$\\sim 10%$for a magnetic field$|eB|\\sim m_\\pi^2$, which favors pion condensation at high density and low temperatures. 14. Chiral pions in a magnetic background Science.gov (United States) Colucci, G.; Fraga, E. S.; Sedrakian, A. 2014-01-01 We investigate the modification of the pion self-energy at finite temperature due to its interaction with a low-density, isospin-symmetric nuclear medium embedded in a constant magnetic background. To one loop, for fixed temperature and density, we find that the pion effective mass increases with the magnetic field. For the π-, interestingly, this happens solely due to the trivial Landau quantization shift ∼|eB|, since the real part of the self-energy is negative in this case. In a scenario in which other charged particle species are present and undergo an analogous trivial shift, the relevant behavior of the effective mass might be determined essentially by the real part of the self-energy. In this case, we find that the pion mass decreases by ∼10% for a magnetic field |eB|∼mπ2, which favors pion condensation at high density and low temperatures. 15. Anomalous electromagnetism of pions and magnons Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Wiese, U.-J. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Bern University Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern (Switzerland) 2005-04-15 Pions and magnons - the Goldstone bosons of the strong interactions and of magnetism - share a number of common features. Pion and magnon fields couple anomalously to electromagnetism through the conserved Goldstone-Wilczek current of their topological Skyrmion excitations. In the pion case, this coupling gives rise to the decay of the neutral pion into two photons. In the magnon case, the anomalous coupling leads to photonmagnon conversion in an external magnetic field. A measurement of the conversion rate in quantum Hall ferromagnets determines the anyon statistics angle of baby-Skyrmions. If photon-magnon conversion also occurs in antiferromagnets, baby-Skyrmions carry electric charge and may represent the Cooper-pairs of high-temperature superconductors. 16. Pion valence-quark parton distribution function Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Lei Chang 2015-10-01 Full Text Available Within the Dyson–Schwinger equation formulation of QCD, a rainbow ladder truncation is used to calculate the pion valence-quark distribution function (PDF. The gap equation is renormalized at a typical hadronic scale, of order 0.5 GeV, which is also set as the default initial scale for the pion PDF. We implement a corrected leading-order expression for the PDF which ensures that the valence-quarks carry all of the pion's light-front momentum at the initial scale. The scaling behavior of the pion PDF at a typical partonic scale of order 5.2 GeV is found to be (1−xν, with ν≃1.6, as x approaches one. 17. Pion production in nucleon-nucleon scattering Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Afnan, I.R. 1982-01-01 A model describing pion production in proton-proton interactions is presented. The model includes both single nucleon and two nucleon mechanisms. A system of equations representing the reaction is derived and results calculated using these equations are presented. 18. Low Energy Pion-Hyperon Interaction CERN Document Server Hama, Y 2001-01-01 We study the low energy pion-hyperon interaction considering effective non-linear chiral invariant Lagrangians including pions, rho mesons, hyperons and corresponding resonances. Then we calculate the S- and P-wave phase-shifts, total cross sections, angular distributions and polarizations for the momentum in the center-of-mass frame up to k=400 MeV. With these results we discuss the CP violation in the csi-> pi-lambda and omega-> pi-csi weak decays. 19. The dosimetry of ionizing radiation CERN Document Server 1990-01-01 A continuation of the treatise The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation, Volume III builds upon the foundations of Volumes I and II and the tradition of the preceeding treatise Radiation Dosimetry. Volume III contains three comprehensive chapters on the applications of radiation dosimetry in particular research and medical settings, a chapter on unique and useful detectors, and two chapters on Monte Carlo techniques and their applications. 20. Quantitative imaging for clinical dosimetry Science.gov (United States) Bardiès, Manuel; Flux, Glenn; Lassmann, Michael; Monsieurs, Myriam; Savolainen, Sauli; Strand, Sven-Erik 2006-12-01 Patient-specific dosimetry in nuclear medicine is now a legal requirement in many countries throughout the EU for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) applications. In order to achieve that goal, an increased level of accuracy in dosimetry procedures is needed. Current research in nuclear medicine dosimetry should not only aim at developing new methods to assess the delivered radiation absorbed dose at the patient level, but also to ensure that the proposed methods can be put into practice in a sufficient number of institutions. A unified dosimetry methodology is required for making clinical outcome comparisons possible. 1. Neutron beam measurement dosimetry Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Amaro, C.R. [Idaho National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls, ID (United States) 1995-11-01 This report describes animal dosimetry studies and phantom measurements. During 1994, 12 dogs were irradiated at BMRR as part of a 4 fraction dose tolerance study. The animals were first infused with BSH and irradiated daily for 4 consecutive days. BNL irradiated 2 beagles as part of their dose tolerance study using BPA fructose. In addition, a dog at WSU was irradiated at BMRR after an infusion of BPA fructose. During 1994, the INEL BNCT dosimetry team measured neutron flux and gamma dose profiles in two phantoms exposed to the epithermal neutron beam at the BMRR. These measurements were performed as a preparatory step to the commencement of human clinical trials in progress at the BMRR. 2. INDIVIDUAL DOSIMETRY SERVICE CERN Multimedia 2000-01-01 Personnel in the distribution groups Aleph, Delphi, L3, Opal who also work for other experiments than at LEP, should contact the Individual Dosimetry Service.We inform all staff and users under regular dosimetric control that the dosimeters for the monitoring period MARCH/APRIL will be available from their usual dispatchers on the third of March 2000.Please have your films changed before the 13th of March.The colour of the dosimeter valid in MARCH/APRIL is BLUE. 3. INDIVIDUAL DOSIMETRY SERVICE CERN Multimedia 1999-01-01 Personnel in the distribution groups Aleph, Delphi, L3, Opal who also work for other experiments than at LEP, should contact the Individual Dosimetry ServiceWe inform all staff and users under regular dosimetric control that the dosimeters for the monitoring period JANUARY/FEBRUARY will be available from their usual dispatchers on Monday the third of January 2000.Please have your films changed:before the 12 January.The colour of the dosimeter valid in JANUARY/FEBRUARY is WHITE. 4. Model selection for pion photoproduction Science.gov (United States) Landay, J.; Döring, M.; Fernández-Ramírez, C.; Hu, B.; Molina, R. 2017-01-01 Partial-wave analysis of meson and photon-induced reactions is needed to enable the comparison of many theoretical approaches to data. In both energy-dependent and independent parametrizations of partial waves, the selection of the model amplitude is crucial. Principles of the S matrix are implemented to a different degree in different approaches; but a many times overlooked aspect concerns the selection of undetermined coefficients and functional forms for fitting, leading to a minimal yet sufficient parametrization. We present an analysis of low-energy neutral pion photoproduction using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in combination with criteria from information theory and K -fold cross validation. These methods are not yet widely known in the analysis of excited hadrons but will become relevant in the era of precision spectroscopy. The principle is first illustrated with synthetic data; then, its feasibility for real data is demonstrated by analyzing the latest available measurements of differential cross sections (d σ /d Ω ), photon-beam asymmetries (Σ ), and target asymmetry differential cross sections (d σT/d ≡T d σ /d Ω ) in the low-energy regime. 5. Elastic and inelastic pion reactions on few nucleon systems Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lensky, V. 2007-09-29 In the present work, we are studying elastic and inelastic pion reactions on few-body systems within the framework of chiral effective theory. We consider two specific reactions involving pions on few-nucleon systems, namely pion production in nucleon-nucleon collisions, and incoherent pion photoproduction on the deuteron. These two reactions are closely related to the issue of dispersive and absorptive corrections to the pion-deuteron scattering length, which we also consider in our analysis. The incoherent pion photoproduction is also considered as the possible source for a high-precision determination of the neutron-neutron scattering length. (orig.) 6. Isospin breaking in pion-deuteron scattering and the pion-nucleon scattering lengths CERN Document Server Hoferichter, Martin; Hanhart, Christoph; Kubis, Bastian; Nogga, Andreas; Phillips, Daniel R 2012-01-01 In recent years, high-accuracy data for pionic hydrogen and deuterium have become the primary source of information on the pion-nucleon scattering lengths. Matching the experimental precision requires, in particular, the study of isospin-breaking corrections both in pion-nucleon and pion-deuteron scattering. We review the mechanisms that lead to the cancellation of potentially enhanced virtual-photon corrections in the pion-deuteron system, and discuss the subtleties regarding the definition of the pion-nucleon scattering lengths in the presence of electromagnetic interactions by comparing to nucleon-nucleon scattering. Based on the pi^{+/-} p channels we find for the virtual-photon-subtracted scattering lengths in the isospin basis a^{1/2}=(170.5 +/- 2.0) x 10^{-3} mpi^{-1} and a^{3/2}=(-86.5 +/- 1.8) x 10^{-3} mpi^{-1}. 7. Dosimetry: an ARDENT topic CERN Multimedia CERN Bulletin 2012-01-01 The first annual ARDENT workshop took place in Vienna from 20 to 23 November. The workshop gathered together the Early-Stage Researchers (ESR) and their supervisors, plus other people involved from all the participating institutions. “The meeting, which was organised with the local support of the Austrian Institute of Technology, was a nice opportunity for the ESRs to get together, meet each other, and present their research plans and some preliminary results of their work,” says Marco Silari, a member of CERN Radiation Protection Group and the scientist in charge of the programme. Two full days were devoted to a training course on radiation dosimetry, delivered by renowned experts. The workshop closed with a half-day visit to the MedAustron facility in Wiener Neustadt. ARDENT (Advanced Radiation Dosimetry European Network Training) is a Marie Curie ITN project funded under EU FP7 with €4 million. The project focuses on radiation dosimetry exploiting se... 8. Electron and pion scattering off nuclei Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Buss, O.; Mosel, U. [Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik, Univ. Giessen (Germany); Alvarez-Ruso, L. [Dept. de Fisica Teorica and IFIC, Centro Mixto Univ. de Valencia-CSIC (Spain) 2007-07-01 We present a treatment of pion and electron scattering off nuclei within the framework of a Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) transport model. In this approach we realize a full coupled channel treatment and include medium modifications such as mean-field potentials, Fermi motion and width modifications. We have applied the GiBUU model to the description of the double charge exchange (DCX) reaction of pions with different nuclear targets at incident kinetic energies of 120-180 MeV. The DCX process is highly sensitive to details of the interactions of pions with the nuclear medium and, therefore, represents a major benchmark for any model of pion scattering off nuclei at low and intermediate energies. We discuss the impact of surface effects and the dependence on the nuclear mass number. We have achieved a good quantitative agreement with the extensive data set obtained at LAMPF. Furthermore, we present a description of electron induced reactions, i.e. pion production, off nuclei. We consider the scattering of electrons off the bound nucleons in an impulse approximation and investigate medium modifications to exclusive particle production cross sections and compare our results to available data. (orig.) 9. Radioembolization dosimetry : the road ahead NARCIS (Netherlands) Smits, Maarten L J; Elschot, Mattijs; Sze, Daniel Y; Kao, Yung H; Nijsen, JFW; Iagaru, Andre H; de Jong, Hugo W A M; van den Bosch, Maurice A A J; Lam, Marnix G E H 2015-01-01 Methods for calculating the activity to be administered during yttrium-90 radioembolization (RE) are largely based on empirical toxicity and efficacy analyses, rather than dosimetry. At the same time, it is recognized that treatment planning based on proper dosimetry is of vital importance for the o 10. nuSTORM Pion Beamline Design Update Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Liu, A. [Indiana U.; Bross, A. [Fermilab; Neuffer, D. [Fermilab; Lee, S. Y. [Indiana U. 2013-09-01 A facility producing neutrinos from muons that decay in a racetrack ring can provide extremely well understood neutrino beams for oscillation physics and the search for sterile neutrinos. The “neutrinos from STORed Muons” (nuSTORM) facility based on this idea has been introduced by Bross, Neuffer et al. The design of the nuSTORM facility and the particle tracking have been presented in the paper of Liu, et al. This paper demonstrates the recent optimization results of the pion beamline, with G4beamline simulations. The optimum choice of pion beam center momentum, a new algorithm on fitting bivariate Gaussian distribution to the pion phase space data at the downstream side of the horn, and the comparison of the beamline performance with the optics designed based on Graphite and Inconel targets are also described. 11. Pion and Kaon Electromagnetic Form Factors CERN Document Server Bijnens, J; Bijnens, Johan; Talavera, Pere 2002-01-01 We study the electromagnetic form factor of the pion and kaons at low-energies with the use of Chiral Perturbation Theory. The analysis is performed within the three flavour framework and at next-to-next-to-leading order. We explain carefully all the relevant consistency checks on the expressions, present full analytical results for the pion form factor and describe all the assumptions in the analysis. From the phenomenological point of view we make use of our expression and the available data to obtain the charge radius of the pion obtaining$_V^\\pi=(0.452+-0.013) fm^2$, as well as the low-energy constant$L_9^r(m_\\rho)= (5.93+-0.43)10^{-3}$. We also obtain experimental values for 3 combinations of order$p^6$constants. 12. Coherent pion production in neutrino-nucleus collisions CERN Document Server Alvarez-Ruso, L; Hirenzaki, S; Vacas, M J Vicente 2007-01-01 We have investigated the neutrino induced coherent pion production reaction at low and intermediate energies including pion, nucleon and Delta(1232) resonance. Medium effects in the production mechanism and the distortion of the pion wave function are included in the calculation. We find a strong reduction of the cross section due to these effects and also substantial modifications in the energy distributions of the final pion. The dependence on the atomic number is discussed. 13. Semiclassical model for pion production by neutrons on nuclei CERN Document Server Sparrow, D A; Sternheim, M M 1974-01-01 A model for pion production by neutrons on nuclei is derived by a straightforward extension of the semiclassical model for pion production by protons, previously described by two of the present authors, Silbar and Sternheim (1973). Both models are then applied to compute pion production cross sections for nucleons incident on Pb, Cu and Al, and pion absorption cross sections in nuclear matter. Results are consistent with (unpublished) experimental data from CERN. (10 refs). 14. Pions in the nuclear medium and Drell-Yan scattering NARCIS (Netherlands) Dieperink, AEL; Korpa, CL 1997-01-01 We investigate the modification of the pion cloud in the nuclear medium and its effect on the nuclear Drell-Yan process. The pion's in-medium self-energy is calculated in a self-consistent delta-hole model, with particle-hole contributions also included. Both the imaginary and real parts of the pion 15. Medium Effects of Low Energy Pions Science.gov (United States) Friedman, E. 2004-03-01 Fits of pion--nucleus potentials to large sets of pionic atom data reveal departures of parameter values from the corresponding free π N parameters. These medium effects can be quantitatively reproduced by a chiral-motivated model where the pion decay constant is modified in the medium or by including the empirical on-shell energy dependence of the amplitudes. No consistency is obtained between pionic atoms and the free π N interaction when an extreme off-shell chiral model is used. The role of the size of data sets is briefly discussed. 16. Relocation of Dosimetry Service CERN Multimedia 2007-01-01 The Dosimetry Service is moving from Building 24 to Building 55 and will therefore be closed on Friday, March 30. From Monday, April 2 onwards you will find us in building 55/1-001. Please note that during that day we might still have some problems with the internet connections and cannot fully guarantee normal service procedures. The service's opening hours and telephone number will not change as a result of the move 8.30 - 12.00, afternoons closed Tel. 72155 17. INDIVIDUAL DOSIMETRY SERVICE CERN Multimedia 2000-01-01 Personnel in the distribution groups Aleph, Delphi, L3, Opal who also work for other experiments than at LEP, should contact their dispatchers to explain their activities for the future, after LEP dismantling in order to be maintained on the regular distribution list at Individual Dosimetry ServiceWe inform all staffs and users under regular dosimetric control that the dosimeters for the monitoring period JULY/AUGUST are available from their usual dispatchers.Please have your films changed before the 10th of July.The colour of the dosimeter valid in JULY/AUGUST is PINK. 18. Low Energy Pion-Pion Elastic Scattering in Sakai-Sugimoto Model CERN Document Server Parthasarathy, R 2008-01-01 We have considered the holographic large$N_c$QCD model proposed by Sakai and Sugimoto and evaluated the non-Abelian DBI-action on the D8-brane upto$(\\alpha')^4$terms. Restricting to the pion sector, these corrections give rise to four derivative contact terms for the pion field. We derive the Weinberg's phenemenological lagrangian. The coefficients of the four derivative terms are determined in terms of$g_{YM}^2$. The low energy pion-pion scattering amplitudes are evaluated. Numerical results are presented with the choice of$M_{KK}=0.94 GeV$and$N_c=11$. The results are compared with the amplitudes calculated using the experimental phase shifts. The agreement with the experimental data is found to be satisfactory. 19. Quark-Hadron Duality for the Pion: a Phenomenological Study Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Wally Melnitchouk 2002-08-01 We explore the relationship between exclusive and inclusive electromagnetic scattering from the pion, focusing on the transition region at intermediate Q{sup 2}. Combining Drell-Yan data on the leading twist quark distribution in the pion with a model for the resonance region at large x, we calculate QCD moments of the pion structure function over a range of Q{sup 2}, and quantify the role of higher twist corrections. Using a parameterization of the pion elastic form factor and phenomenological models for the pi --> p transition form factor, we test the extent to which local duality may be valid for the pion. 20. Dropping Sigma-Meson Mass and In-Medium S-Wave pion-pion Correlations CERN Document Server Aouissat, Z; Schuck, P; Wambach, J 1999-01-01 The influence of a dropping sigma-meson mass on previously calculated in-medium pion-pion correlations in the J=I=0 (sigma-meson) channel is investigated. It is found that the invariant-mass distribution around the vacuum threshold experiences a further strong enhancement with respect to standard many-body effects. The relevance of this result for the explanation of recent$A(\\pi,2\\pi)X$data is pointed out. 1. Proton-pion and two-pion correlations in eA interactions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Degtyarenko, P.V. [ITEP, Moscow (Russian Federation); Doroshkevich, E.A. [ITEP, Moscow (Russian Federation); Kurzenkov, A.A. [ITEP, Moscow (Russian Federation); Leksin, G.A. [ITEP, Moscow (Russian Federation); Stavinsky, A.V. [ITEP, Moscow (Russian Federation); Vlassov, A.V. [ITEP, Moscow (Russian Federation) 1997-05-01 We report here the results on studying of proton-pion and two-pion correlations in eA interactions at 5 GeV. Kinematic correlations were studied as a function of the two-particle opening angle, their momenta and proton multiplicity. The universal properties of correlation functions were found with respect to different particle species. Interferometry method was used to determine the size of the interaction region. (orig.). With 2 figs. 2. Information from the Dosimetry Service CERN Multimedia 2006-01-01 Please note the following opening hours of the Service: From 31st July onwards: Every morning from 8:30 to 12:00 The Service is closed in the afternoons. We should like to remind you that dosimeters cannot be sent to customers by internal mail. Short-term dosimeters (VCTs) must always be returned to the Service after use and must not be left on the racks in the experimental areas or in the secretariats. Dosimetry Service Tel 72155 Bldg. 24 E 011 Dosimetry.service@cern.ch http://cern.ch/rp-dosimetry 3. Distorted waves in pion- (Kaon-) nucleus reactions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Siciliano, E.R.; Thaler, R.M. 1978-10-02 The difference between the Schroedinger and Klein-Gordon wave functions is calculated for 100--200-MeV pions. The same optical-model potential is used in each case. The differences in the distorted waves so calculated are shown to be significant even though the elastic scattering phase shifts re nearly identical. 4. Isospin violation in pion-kaon scattering CERN Document Server Kubis, B; Kubis, Bastian; Mei{\\ss}ner, Ulf-G. 2002-01-01 We consider strong and electromagnetic isospin violation in near-threshold pion-kaon scattering. At tree level, such effects are small for all physical channels. We work out the complete one-loop corrections to the process pi^- K^+ -> pi^0 K^0. They come out rather small. We also show that the corresponding radiative cross section is highly suppressed at threshold. 5. Pion decay constants in dense skyrmion matter Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Lee H.-J. 2010-10-01 Full Text Available According to the QCD, the hadronic matter can have various phases with matter density and temperature. In general, when there is phase transition in a matter, it is known that a symmetry in the matter changes. In case of the hadronic matter, the chiral symmetry in the matter is expected to be restored when the matter density (or temperature increases. The actual order parameter with respect to the chiral symmetry in the hadronic matter is known as the quark condensate from the QCD, but the pion decay constant, corresponding to the radius of the chiral circle, plays the role of the order parameter in an eﬀective ﬁeld theoretical approach to the QCD. In this paper, by using the skyrmion model which is an eﬀective theory to the QCD, we construct the skyrmion matter as a model of the hadronic matter (nuclear matter and calculate the pion decay constant in the matter. Because of presence of the matter, the pion decay constant is split into the two components, the temporal component and the spatial component. We discuss the phase transition in the skyrmion matter and behavior of the two components of the decay constant for massless pion with density of the skyrmion matter. 6. Measurement of the Charged-Pion Polarizability CERN Document Server Adolph, C; Alexeev, M.G.; Alexeev, G.D.; Amoroso, A.; Andrieux, V.; Anosov, V.; Austregesilo, A.; Badelek, B.; Balestra, F.; Barth, J.; Baum, G.; Beck, R.; Bedfer, Y.; Berlin, A.; Bernhard, J.; Bicker, K.; Bieling, J.; Birsa, R.; Bisplinghoff, J.; Bodlak, M.; Boer, M.; Bordalo, P.; Bradamante, F.; Braun, C.; Bressan, A.; Buchele, M.; Burtin, E.; Capozza, L.; Chiosso, M.; Chung, S.U.; Cicuttin, A.; Colantoni, M.; Crespo, M.L.; Curiel, Q.; Dalla Torre, S.; Dasgupta, S.S.; Dasgupta, S.; Denisov, O.Yu.; Dinkelbach, A.M.; Donskov, S.V.; Doshita, N.; Duic, V.; Dunnweber, W.; Dziewiecki, M.; Efremov, A.; Elia, C.; Eversheim, P.D.; Eyrich, W.; Faessler, M.; Ferrero, A.; Filin, A.; Finger, M.; M. Finger jr; Fischer, H.; Franco, C.; von Hohenesche, N. du Fresne; Friedrich, J.M.; Frolov, V.; Gautheron, F.; Gavrichtchouk, O.P.; Gerassimov, S.; Geyer, R.; Gnesi, I.; Gobbo, B.; Goertz, S.; Gorzellik, M.; Grabmuller, S.; Grasso, A.; Grube, B.; Grussenmeyer, T.; Guskov, A.; Guthorl, T.; Haas, F.; von Harrach, D.; Hahne, D.; Hashimoto, R.; Heinsius, F.H.; Herrmann, F.; Hinterberger, F.; Hoppner, Ch.; Horikawa, N.; d'Hose, N.; Huber, S.; Ishimoto, S.; Ivanov, A.; Ivanshin, Yu.; Iwata, T.; Jahn, R.; Jary, V.; Jasinski, P.; Jorg, P.; Joosten, R.; Kabuss, E.; Ketzer, B.; Khaustov, G.V.; Khokhlov, Yu. A.; Kisselev, Yu.; Klein, F.; Klimaszewski, K.; Koivuniemi, J.H.; Kolosov, V.N.; Kondo, K.; Konigsmann, K.; Konorov, I.; Konstantinov, V.F.; Kotzinian, A.M.; Kouznetsov, O.; Kramer, M.; Kroumchtein, Z.V.; Kuchinski, N.; Kuhn, R.; Kunne, F.; Kurek, K.; Kurjata, R.P.; Lednev, A.A.; Lehmann, A.; Levillain, M.; Levorato, S.; Lichtenstadt, J.; Maggiora, A.; Magnon, A.; Makke, N.; Mallot, G.K.; Marchand, C.; Martin, A.; Marzec, J.; Matousek, J.; Matsuda, H.; Matsuda, T.; Meshcheryakov, G.; Meyer, W.; Michigami, T.; Mikhailov, Yu. V.; Miyachi, Y.; Moinester, M.A.; Nagaytsev, A.; Nagel, T.; Nerling, F.; Neubert, S.; Neyret, D.; Nikolaenko, V.I.; Novy, J.; Nowak, W.D.; Nunes, A.S.; Olshevsky, A.G.; Orlov, I.; Ostrick, M.; Panknin, R.; Panzieri, D.; Parsamyan, B.; Paul, S.; Peshekhonov, D.; Platchkov, S.; Pochodzalla, J.; Polyakov, V.A.; Pretz, J.; Quaresma, M.; Quintans, C.; Ramos, S.; Regali, C.; Reicherz, G.; Rocco, E.; Rossiyskaya, N.S.; Ryabchikov, D.I.; Rychter, A.; Samoylenko, V.D.; Sandacz, A.; Sarkar, S.; Savin, I.A.; Sbrizzai, G.; Schiavon, P.; Schill, C.; Schluter, T.; Schmidt, K.; Schmieden, H.; Schonning, K.; Schopferer, S.; Schott, M.; Shevchenko, O.Yu.; Silva, L.; Sinha, L.; Sirtl, S.; Slunecka, M.; Sosio, S.; Sozzi, F.; Srnka, A.; Steiger, L.; Stolarski, M.; Sulc, M.; Sulej, R.; Suzuki, H.; Szabelski, A.; Szameitat, T.; Sznajder, P.; Takekawa, S.; Wolbeek, J. ter; Tessaro, S.; Tessarotto, F.; Thibaud, F.; Uhl, S.; Uman, I.; Virius, M.; Wang, L.; Weisrock, T.; Wilfert, M.; Windmolders, R.; Wollny, H.; Zaremba, K.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zemlyanichkina, E.; Ziembicki, M.; Zink, A. 2015-01-01 The COMPASS collaboration at CERN has investigated pion Compton scattering,$\\pi^-\\gamma\\rightarrow \\pi^-\\gamma$, at centre-of-mass energy below 3.5 pion masses. The process is embedded in the reaction$\\pi^-\\mathrm{Ni}\\rightarrow\\pi^-\\gamma\\;\\mathrm{Ni}$, which is initiated by 190 GeV pions impinging on a nickel target. The exchange of quasi-real photons is selected by isolating the sharp Coulomb peak observed at smallest momentum transfers,$Q^2<0.0015$(GeV/$c$)$^2$. From a sample of 63 000 events the pion electric polarisability is determined to be$\\alpha_\\pi = (2.0 \\pm 0.6_{\\mbox{stat}} \\pm 0.7_{\\mbox{syst}}) \\times 10^{-4} \\mbox{fm}^3$under the assumption$\\alpha_\\pi=-\\beta_\\pi$, which relates the electric and magnetic dipole polarisabilities. It is the most precise measurement of this fundamental low-energy parameter of strong interaction, that has been addressed since long by various methods with conflicting outcomes. While this result is in tension with previous dedicated measurements, it is fou... 7. High purity pion beam at TRIUMF Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Aguilar-Arevalo, A. [TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3 (Canada); Blecher, M. [Physics Department, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061 (United States); Bryman, D.A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada); Comfort, J. [Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (United States); Doornbos, J.; Doria, L. [TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3 (Canada); Hussein, A. [University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9 (Canada); Ito, N. [Physics Department, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan); Kettell, S. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States); Kurchaninov, L. [TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3 (Canada); Malbrunot, C. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada); Marshall, G.M. [TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3 (Canada); Numao, T. [TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3 (Canada)], E-mail: toshio@triumf.ca; Poutissou, R.; Sher, A. [TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3 (Canada); Walker, B. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada); Yamada, K. [Physics Department, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan) 2009-10-11 An extension of the TRIUMF M13 low-energy pion channel designed to suppress positrons based on an energy-loss technique is described. A source of beam channel momentum calibration from the decay {pi}{sup +}{yields}e{sup +}{nu} is also described. 8. High Purity Pion Beam at TRIUMF Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kettell, S.; Kettell, S.; Aguilar-Arevalo, A.; Blecher, M.; Bryman, D.A.; Comfort, J.; Doornbos, J.; Doria, L.; Hussein, A.; Ito, N.; et al. 2009-10-11 An extension of the TRIUMF M13 low-energy pion channel designed to suppress positrons based on an energy-loss technique is described. A source of beam channel momentum calibration from the decay {pi}{sup +} {yields} e{sup +}{nu} is also described. 9. Exclusive electroproduction of two pions at HERA Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Abramowicz, H. [Tel Aviv Univ. (Israel). School of Physics; Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich (Germany); Abt, I. [Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich (Germany); Adamczyk, L. [AGH-Univ. of Science and Technology, Krakow (PL). Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science] (and others) 2011-11-15 The exclusive electroproduction of two pions in the mass range 0.4< M{sub {pi}}{sub {pi}} <2.5 GeV has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 82 pb{sup -1}. The analysis was carried out in the kinematic range of 2< Q{sup 2}<80 GeV{sup 2}, 32pion invariant-mass distribution is interpreted in terms of the pion electromagnetic form factor, vertical stroke F(M{sub {pi}}{sub {pi}}) vertical stroke, assuming that the studied mass range includes the contributions of the {rho}, {rho}{sup '} and {rho}'' vector-meson states. The masses and widths of the resonances were obtained and the Q{sup 2} dependence of the cross-section ratios {sigma}({rho}{sup '} {yields} {pi}{pi})/{sigma}({rho}) and {sigma}({rho}'' {yields} {pi}{pi})/{sigma}({rho}) was extracted. The pion form factor obtained in the present analysis is compared to that obtained in e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}. (orig.) 10. Probing neutron-proton dynamics by pions CERN Document Server Ikeno, Natsumi; Nara, Yasushi; Ohnishi, Akira 2016-01-01 In order to investigate the nuclear symmetry energy at high density, we study the pion production in central collisions of neutron-rich nuclei${}^{132}\\mathrm{Sn}+{}^{124}\\mathrm{Sn}$at 300 MeV/nucleon using a new approach by combining the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) and a hadronic cascade model (JAM). The dynamics of neutrons and protons is solved by AMD, and then pions and$\\Delta$resonances in the reaction process are handled by JAM. We see the mechanism how the$\\Delta$resonance and pions are produced reflecting the dynamics of neutrons and protons. We also investigate the impacts of cluster correlations as well as of the high-density symmetry energy on the nucleon dynamics and consequently on the pion ratio. We find that the$\\Delta^-/\\Delta^{++}$production ratio agrees very well with the neutron-proton squared ratio$(N/Z)^2$in the high-density and high-momentum region. We show quantitatively that$\\Delta$production ratio, and therefore$(N/Z)^2$, are directly reflected in the$\\pi^-...

11. Exclusive electroproduction of two pions at HERA

CERN Document Server

Abramowicz, H

2012-01-01

The exclusive electroproduction of two pions in the mass range 0.4 < M{\\pi}{\\pi} < 2.5 GeV has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 82 pb-1. The analysis was carried out in the kinematic range of 2 < Q2 < 80 GeV2, 32 < W < 180 GeV and |t| < 0.6 GeV2, where Q2 is the photon virtuality, W is the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy and t is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The two-pion invariant-mass distribution is interpreted in terms of the pion electromagnetic form factor, |F(M{\\pi}{\\pi})|, assuming that the studied mass range includes the contributions of the {\\rho}, {\\rho}' and {\\rho}" vector-meson states. The masses and widths of the resonances were obtained and the Q2 dependence of the cross-section ratios {\\sigma}({\\rho}' \\rightarrow {\\pi}{\\pi})/{\\sigma}({\\rho}) and {\\sigma}({\\rho}" \\rightarrow {\\pi}{\\pi})/{\\sigma}({\\rho}) was extracted. The pion form factor obtained in the present analysis is compared to that obtained...

12. The pion: an enigma within the Standard Model

CERN Document Server

Horn, Tanja

2016-01-01

Almost 50 years after the discovery of gluons & quarks, we are only just beginning to understand how QCD builds the basic bricks for nuclei: neutrons, protons, and the pions that bind them. QCD is characterised by two emergent phenomena: confinement & dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB). They are expressed with great force in the character of the pion. In turn, pion properties suggest that confinement & DCSB are closely connected. As both a Nambu-Goldstone boson and a quark-antiquark bound-state, the pion is unique in Nature. Developing an understanding of its properties is thus critical to revealing basic features of the Standard Model. We describe experimental progress in this direction, made using electromagnetic probes, highlighting both improvements in the precision of charged-pion form factor data, achieved in the past decade, and new results on the neutral-pion transition form factor. Both challenge existing notions of pion structure. We also provide a theoretical context for these em...

13. The pion: an enigma within the Standard Model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horn, Tanja; Roberts, Craig D.

2016-05-27

Almost 50 years after the discovery of gluons & quarks, we are only just beginning to understand how QCD builds the basic bricks for nuclei: neutrons, protons, and the pions that bind them. QCD is characterised by two emergent phenomena: confinement & dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB). They are expressed with great force in the character of the pion. In turn, pion properties suggest that confinement & DCSB are closely connected. As both a Nambu-Goldstone boson and a quark-antiquark bound-state, the pion is unique in Nature. Developing an understanding of its properties is thus critical to revealing basic features of the Standard Model. We describe experimental progress in this direction, made using electromagnetic probes, highlighting both improvements in the precision of charged-pion form factor data, achieved in the past decade, and new results on the neutral-pion transition form factor. Both challenge existing notions of pion structure. We also provide a theoretical context for these empirical advances, first explaining how DCSB works to guarantee that the pion is unnaturally light; but also, nevertheless, ensures the pion is key to revealing the mechanisms that generate nearly all the mass of hadrons. Our discussion unifies the charged-pion elastic and neutral-pion transition form factors, and the pion's twist-2 parton distribution amplitude. It also indicates how studies of the charged-kaon form factor can provide significant contributions. Importantly, recent predictions for the large-$Q^2$ behaviour of the pion form factor can be tested by experiments planned at JLab 12. Those experiments will extend precise charged-pion form factor data to momenta that can potentially serve in validating factorisation theorems in QCD, exposing the transition between the nonperturbative and perturbative domains, and thereby reaching a goal that has long driven hadro-particle physics.

14. Internal dosimetry technical basis manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1990-12-20

The internal dosimetry program at the Savannah River Site (SRS) consists of radiation protection programs and activities used to detect and evaluate intakes of radioactive material by radiation workers. Examples of such programs are: air monitoring; surface contamination monitoring; personal contamination surveys; radiobioassay; and dose assessment. The objectives of the internal dosimetry program are to demonstrate that the workplace is under control and that workers are not being exposed to radioactive material, and to detect and assess inadvertent intakes in the workplace. The Savannah River Site Internal Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual (TBM) is intended to provide a technical and philosophical discussion of the radiobioassay and dose assessment aspects of the internal dosimetry program. Detailed information on air, surface, and personal contamination surveillance programs is not given in this manual except for how these programs interface with routine and special bioassay programs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smits, Maarten L. J., E-mail: m.l.j.smits-3@umcutrecht.nl; Elschot, Mattijs [University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Netherlands); Sze, Daniel Y. [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology (United States); Kao, Yung H. [Austin Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine (Australia); Nijsen, Johannes F. W. [University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Netherlands); Iagaru, Andre H. [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (United States); Jong, Hugo W. A. M. de; Bosch, Maurice A. A. J. van den; Lam, Marnix G. E. H. [University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Netherlands)

2015-04-15

Methods for calculating the activity to be administered during yttrium-90 radioembolization (RE) are largely based on empirical toxicity and efficacy analyses, rather than dosimetry. At the same time, it is recognized that treatment planning based on proper dosimetry is of vital importance for the optimization of the results of RE. The heterogeneous and often clustered intrahepatic biodistribution of millions of point-source radioactive particles poses a challenge for dosimetry. Several studies found a relationship between absorbed doses and treatment outcome, with regard to both toxicity and efficacy. This should ultimately lead to improved patient selection and individualized treatment planning. New calculation methods and imaging techniques and a new generation of microspheres for image-guided RE will all contribute to these improvements. The aim of this review is to give insight into the latest and most important developments in RE dosimetry and to suggest future directions on patient selection, individualized treatment planning, and study designs.

Science.gov (United States)

Smits, Maarten L J; Elschot, Mattijs; Sze, Daniel Y; Kao, Yung H; Nijsen, Johannes F W; Iagaru, Andre H; de Jong, Hugo W A M; van den Bosch, Maurice A A J; Lam, Marnix G E H

2015-04-01

Methods for calculating the activity to be administered during yttrium-90 radioembolization (RE) are largely based on empirical toxicity and efficacy analyses, rather than dosimetry. At the same time, it is recognized that treatment planning based on proper dosimetry is of vital importance for the optimization of the results of RE. The heterogeneous and often clustered intrahepatic biodistribution of millions of point-source radioactive particles poses a challenge for dosimetry. Several studies found a relationship between absorbed doses and treatment outcome, with regard to both toxicity and efficacy. This should ultimately lead to improved patient selection and individualized treatment planning. New calculation methods and imaging techniques and a new generation of microspheres for image-guided RE will all contribute to these improvements. The aim of this review is to give insight into the latest and most important developments in RE dosimetry and to suggest future directions on patient selection, individualized treatment planning, and study designs.

17. Photon-to-pion transition form factor and pion distribution amplitude from holographic QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zuo, Fen [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Theoretical Physics Research Center for Science Facilities, Beijing (China); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Secione di Bari, Bari (Italy); Huang, Tao [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Theoretical Physics Research Center for Science Facilities, Beijing (China)

2012-01-15

We try to understand the recently observed anomalous behavior of the photon-to-pion transition form factor in the holographic QCD approach. First the holographic description of the anomalous {gamma}{sup *}{gamma}{sup *}{pi}{sup 0} form factor is reviewed and applied to various models. It is pointed out that the holographic identification of the pion mode from the 5D gauge field strength rather than the gauge potential, as first made by Sakai and Sugimoto, naturally reproduces the scaling behavior of various pion form factors. It is also illustrated that in describing the anomalous form factor, the holographic approach is asymptotically dual to the perturbative QCD (pQCD) framework, with the pion mode {pi}(z){proportional_to}z corresponding to the asymptotic pion distribution amplitude. This indicates some inconsistency in light-front holography, since {pi}(z){proportional_to}z would be dual to {phi}(x){proportional_to}{radical}(x(1-x)) there. This apparently contradictory can be attributed to the fact that the holographic wave functions are effective ones, as observed early by Radyushkin. After clarifying these subtleties, we employ the relation between the holographic and the perturbative expressions to study possible asymptotic violation of the transition form factor. It is found that if one require that the asymptotic form factor possess a pQCD-like expression, the pion mode can only be ultraviolet-enhanced by logarithmic factors. The minimally deformed pion mode will then be of the form {pi}(z){proportional_to}zln(z{lambda}){sup -1}. We suppose that this deformation may be due to the coupling of the pion with a nontrivial open string tachyon field, and then the parameter {lambda} will be related to the quark condensate. Interestingly, this pion mode leads immediately to Radyushkin's logarithmic model, which fitted very well the experimental data in the large-Q{sup 2} region. On the other side, the pQCD interpretation with a flat-like pion distribution

18. Hanford internal dosimetry program manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carbaugh, E.H.; Sula, M.J.; Bihl, D.E.; Aldridge, T.L.

1989-10-01

This document describes the Hanford Internal Dosimetry program. Program Services include administrating the bioassay monitoring program, evaluating and documenting assessments of internal exposure and dose, ensuring that analytical laboratories conform to requirements, selecting and applying appropriate models and procedures for evaluating internal radionuclide deposition and the resulting dose, and technically guiding and supporting Hanford contractors in matters regarding internal dosimetry. 13 refs., 16 figs., 42 tabs.

19. Dosimetry of iodoantipyrine.

Science.gov (United States)

Chu, R Y; Ekeh, S; Basmadjian, G

1989-01-01

Dosimetry of iodoantipyrine labeled with radioactive iodine was determined by measuring the biodistribution of 131I-iodoantipyrine in 41 female rabbits. Following administration of the radiopharmaceutical, subjects were killed at 0.5, 6, 12, 17, 24, 36, and 48 h. Organs and samples of tissues and body fluids were assayed. Results were corrected for physical decay. Exponential functions were employed to describe the time-concentration curves; representative value would be the biological half life of 9.96 +/- 0.55 h for blood. Cumulated activity estimates for 123I, 125I and 131I were then computed. Extrapolation to absorbed dose in humans followed the formulation of the Medical International Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. The whole body absorbed doses are 7 mu Gray, 5 mu Gray and 29 mu Gray per MBq of 123I, 125I, and 131I administered respectively.

20. Medical dosimetry in Hungary

Science.gov (United States)

Turák, O.; Osvay, M.; Ballay, L.

2012-09-01

Radiation exposure of medical staff during cardiological and radiological procedures was investigated. The exposure of medical staff is directly connected to patient exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of doses on uncovered part of body of medical staff using LiF thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeters in seven locations. Individual Kodak film dosimeters (as authorized dosimetry system) were used for the assessment of medical staff's effective dose. Results achieved on dose distribution measurements confirm that wearing only one film badge under the lead apron does not provide enough information on the personal dose. The value of estimated annual doses on eye lens and extremities (fingers) were in good correlation with international publications.

1. Strahlungsmessung und Dosimetrie

CERN Document Server

Krieger, Hanno

2013-01-01

„Strahlungsquellen und Dosimetrie“ ist Teil einer Lehrbuchreihe zur Strahlungsphysik und zum Strahlenschutz. Der erste Teil befasst sich mit den physikalischen Grundlagen der Strahlungsdetektoren und der Strahlungsmessung. Im zweiten Teil werden die Konzepte und Verfahren der klinischen Dosimetrie dargestellt. Der dritte Abschnitt erläutert ausführlich die Dosisverteilungen der klinisch angewendeten Strahlungsarten. Im vierten Teil werden weitere Messaufgaben der Strahlungsphysik einschließlich der Messsysteme für die Bildgebung mit Röntgenstrahlung dargestellt. Neben den grundlegenden Ausführungen enthält dieser Band im laufenden Text zahlreiche Tabellen und Grafiken zur technischen und medizinischen Radiologie, die bei der praktischen Arbeit sehr hilfreich sein können und 199 Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungen zur Vertiefung der Inhalte. Für die zweite Auflage wurden die Darstellungen der Elektronen- und der Protonendosimetrie sowie der bildgebenden Verfahren mit Computertomografen deutlich erweit...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-01

The basic concepts of radiation dosimetry are reviewed on basis of ICRU reports and text books. The radiation field is described with, among others, the particle fluence. Cross sections for indirectly ionizing radiation are defined and indicated is how they are related to the mass energy transfer and mass energy absorption coefficients. Definitions of total and restricted mass stopping powers of directly ionizing radiation are given. The dosimetric quantities, kerma, absorbed dose and exposure together with the relations between them are discussed in depth. Finally it is indicated how the absorbed dose can be measured with a calorimeter by measuring the temperature increase and with an ionisation chamber measuring the charge produced by the ionizing radiation and making use of the Bragg-Gray relation.

3. Dosimetry considerations in phototherapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Profio, A.E.; Doiron, D.R.

Dosimetry in phototherapy involves a determination of the energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue, corrected for the quantum yield in a photochemical reaction. The dose rate in photochemotherapy of cancer with hematoporphyrin derivative and visible light is related to the extinction coefficient, quantum yield for singlet oxygen production, concentration of sensitizer and energy flux density at depth. Data or methods of determining these quantities are presented. Calculations have been performed for the energy flux density at depth, as a function of the total attenuation coefficient and ratio of scattering coefficient to total attenuation coefficient, for isotropic scattering in slab geometry. For small absorption, these depth dose curves exhibit a maximum within the tissue followed by an exponential decrease.

4. Dosimetry considerations in phototherapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Profio, A.E.; Doiron, D.R.

1981-03-01

Dosimetry in phototherapy involves a determination of the energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue, corrected for the quantum yield in a photochemical reaction. The dose rate in photochemotherapy of cancer with hematoporphyrin derivative and visible light is related to the extinction coefficient, quantum yield for singlet oxygen production, concentration of sensitizer and energy flux density at depth. Data or methods of determining these quantities are presented. Calculations have been performed for the energy flux density at depth, as a function of the total attenuation coefficient and ratio of scattering coefficient to total attenuation coefficient, for isotropic scattering in slab geometry. For small absorption, these depth dose curves exhibit a maximum within the tissue followed by an exponential decrease.

5. Vector meson condensation in a pion superfluid

Science.gov (United States)

Brauner, Tomáš; Huang, Xu-Guang

2016-11-01

We revisit the suggestion that charged ρ -mesons undergo Bose-Einstein condensation in isospin-rich nuclear matter. Using a simple version of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, we conclude that ρ -meson condensation is either avoided or postponed to isospin chemical potentials much higher than the ρ -meson mass as a consequence of the repulsive interaction with the preformed pion condensate. In order to support our numerical results, we work out a linear sigma model for pions and ρ -mesons, showing that the two models lead to similar patterns of medium dependence of meson masses. As a byproduct, we analyze in detail the mapping between the NJL model and the linear sigma model, focusing on conditions that must be satisfied for a quantitative agreement between the models.

6. Pion contamination in the MICE muon beam

CERN Document Server

Bogomilov, M.; Vankova-Kirilova, G.; Bertoni, R.; Bonesini, M.; Chignoli, F.; Mazza, R.; Palladino, V.; de Bari, A.; Cecchet, G.; Capponi, M.; Iaciofano, A.; Orestano, D.; Pastore, F.; Tortora, L.; Kuno, Y.; Sakamoto, H.; Ishimoto, S.; Japan, Ibaraki; Filthaut, F.; Hansen, O.M.; Ramberger, S.; Vretenar, M.; Asfandiyarov, R.; Blondel, A.; Drielsma, F.; Karadzhov, Y.; Charnley, G.; Collomb, N.; Gallagher, A.; Grant, A.; Griffiths, S.; Hartnett, T.; Martlew, B.; Moss, A.; Muir, A.; Mullacrane, I.; Oates, A.; Owens, P.; Stokes, G.; Warburton, P.; White, C.; Adams, D.; Barclay, P.; Bayliss, V.; Bradshaw, T.W.; Courthold, M.; Francis, V.; Fry, L.; Hayler, T.; Hills, M.; Lintern, A.; Macwaters, C.; Nichols, A.; Preece, R.; Ricciardi, S.; Rogers, C.; Stanley, T.; Tarrant, J.; Watson, S.; Wilson, A.; Bayes, R.; Nugent, J.C.; Soler, F.J.P.; Cooke, P.; Gamet, R.; Alekou, A.; Apollonio, M.; Barber, G.; Colling, D.; Dobbs, A.; Dornan, P.; Hunt, C.; Lagrange, J-B.; Long, K.; Martyniak, J.; Middleton, S.; Pasternak, J.; Santos, E.; Savidge, T.; Uchida, M.A.; Blackmore, V.J.; Carlisle, T.; Cobb, J.H.; Lau, W.; Rayner, M.A.; Tunnell, C.D.; Booth, C.N.; Hodgson, P.; Langlands, J.; Nicholson, R.; Overton, E.; Robinson, M.; Smith, P.J.; Dick, A.; Ronald, K.; Speirs, D.; Whyte, C.G.; Young, A.; Boyd, S.; Franchini, P.; Greis, J.R.; Pidcott, C.; Taylor, I.; Gardener, R.; Kyberd, P.; Littlefield, M.; Nebrensky, J.J.; Bross, A.D.; Fitzpatrick, T.; Leonova, M.; Moretti, A.; Neuffer, D.; Popovic, M.; Rubinov, P.; Rucinski, R.; Roberts, T.J.; Bowring, D.; DeMello, A.; Gourlay, S.; Li, D.; Prestemon, S.; Virostek, S.; Zisman, M.; Drews, M.; Hanlet, P.; Kafka, G.; Kaplan, D.M.; Rajaram, D.; Snopok, P.; Torun, Y.; Winter, M.; Blot, S.; Kim, Y.K.; Bravar, U.; Onel, Y.; Cremaldi, L.M.; Hart, T.L.; Luo, T.; Sanders, D.A.; Summers, D.J.; Cline, D.; Yang, X.; Coney, L.; Hanson, G.G.; Heidt, C.

2016-01-01

The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a systematic investigation of ionization cooling with muon beams of momentum between 140 and 240\\,MeV/c at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS facility. The measurement of ionization cooling in MICE relies on the selection of a pure sample of muons that traverse the experiment. To make this selection, the MICE Muon Beam is designed to deliver a beam of muons with less than $\\sim$1\\% contamination. To make the final muon selection, MICE employs a particle-identification (PID) system upstream and downstream of the cooling cell. The PID system includes time-of-flight hodoscopes, threshold-Cherenkov counters and calorimetry. The upper limit for the pion contamination measured in this paper is $f_\\pi < 1.4\\%$ at 90\\% C.L., including systematic uncertainties. Therefore, the MICE Muon Beam is able to meet the stringent pion-contamination requirements of the study of ionization cooling.

7. Pion mean fields and heavy baryons

CERN Document Server

Yang, Ghil-Seok; Polyakov, Maxim V; Praszałowicz, Michał

2016-01-01

We show that the masses of the lowest-lying heavy baryons can be very well described in a pion mean-field approach. We consider a heavy baryon as a system consisting of the $N_c-1$ light quarks that induce the pion mean field, and a heavy quark as a static color source under the influence of this mean field. In this approach we derive a number of \\textit{model-independent} relations and calculate the heavy baryon masses using those of the lowest-lying light baryons as input. The results are in remarkable agreement with the experimental data. In addition, the mass of the $\\Omega_b^*$ baryon is predicted.

8. Vector meson condensation in a pion superfluid

CERN Document Server

Brauner, Tomas

2016-01-01

We revisit the suggestion that charged rho-mesons undergo Bose-Einstein condensation in isospin-rich nuclear matter. Using a simple version of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, we conclude that rho-meson condensation is either avoided or postponed to isospin chemical potentials much higher than the rho-meson mass as a consequence of the repulsive interaction with the preformed pion condensate. In order to support our numerical results, we work out a linear sigma model for pions and rho-mesons, showing that the two models lead to similar patterns of medium dependence of meson masses. As a byproduct, we analyze in detail the mapping between the NJL model and the linear sigma model, focusing on conditions that must be satisfied for a quantitative agreement between the models.

9. Pion Distribution Amplitude from Lattice QCD

CERN Document Server

Braun, V M; Göckeler, M; Pérez-Rubio, P; Schäfer, A; Schiel, R W; Sternbeck, A

2015-01-01

We have calculated the second moment of the pion light-cone distribution amplitude using two flavors of dynamical (clover) fermions on lattices of different volumes, lattice spacings between $0.06 \\, \\mathrm {fm}$ and $0.08 \\, \\mathrm {fm}$ and pion masses down to $m_\\pi\\sim 150 \\, \\mathrm {MeV}$. Our result for the second Gegenbauer coefficient is $a_2 = 0.1364(154)(145)$ and for the width parameter $\\langle \\xi^2 \\rangle = 0.2361(41)(39)$. Both numbers refer to the scale $\\mu=2 \\, \\mathrm {GeV}$in the $\\overline{\\text{MS}}$ scheme, the first error is statistical including the uncertainty of the chiral extrapolation, and the second error is the estimated uncertainty coming from the nonperturbatively determined renormalization factors.

10. Pion contamination in the MICE muon beam

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, D.; Alekou, A.; Apollonio, M.; Asfandiyarov, R.; Barber, G.; Barclay, P.; de Bari, A.; Bayes, R.; Bayliss, V.; Bertoni, R.; Blackmore, V. J.; Blondel, A.; Blot, S.; Bogomilov, M.; Bonesini, M.; Booth, C. N.; Bowring, D.; Boyd, S.; Brashaw, T. W.; Bravar, U.; Bross, A. D.; Capponi, M.; Carlisle, T.; Cecchet, G.; Charnley, C.; Chignoli, F.; Cline, D.; Cobb, J. H.; Colling, G.; Collomb, N.; Coney, L.; Cooke, P.; Courthold, M.; Cremaldi, L. M.; DeMello, A.; Dick, A.; Dobbs, A.; Dornan, P.; Drews, M.; Drielsma, F.; Filthaut, F.; Fitzpatrick, T.; Franchini, P.; Francis, V.; Fry, L.; Gallagher, A.; Gamet, R.; Gardener, R.; Gourlay, S.; Grant, A.; Greis, J. R.; Griffiths, S.; Hanlet, P.; Hansen, O. M.; Hanson, G. G.; Hart, T. L.; Hartnett, T.; Hayler, T.; Heidt, C.; Hills, M.; Hodgson, P.; Hunt, C.; Iaciofano, A.; Ishimoto, S.; Kafka, G.; Kaplan, D. M.; Karadzhov, Y.; Kim, Y. K.; Kuno, Y.; Kyberd, P.; Lagrange, J.-B.; Langlands, J.; Lau, W.; Leonova, M.; Li, D.; Lintern, A.; Littlefield, M.; Long, K.; Luo, T.; Macwaters, C.; Martlew, B.; Martyniak, J.; Mazza, R.; Middleton, S.; Moretti, A.; Moss, A.; Muir, A.; Mullacrane, I.; Nebrensky, J. J.; Neuffer, D.; Nichols, A.; Nicholson, R.; Nugent, J. C.; Oates, A.; Onel, Y.; Orestano, D.; Overton, E.; Owens, P.; Palladino, V.; Pasternak, J.; Pastore, F.; Pidcott, C.; Popovic, M.; Preece, R.; Prestemon, S.; Rajaram, D.; Ramberger, S.; Rayner, M. A.; Ricciardi, S.; Roberts, T. J.; Robinson, M.; Rogers, C.; Ronald, K.; Rubinov, P.; Rucinski, P.; Sakamato, H.; Sanders, D. A.; Santos, E.; Savidge, T.; Smith, P. J.; Snopok, P.; Soler, F. J. P.; Speirs, D.; Stanley, T.; Stokes, G.; Summers, D. J.; Tarrant, J.; Taylor, I.; Tortora, L.; Torun, Y.; Tsenov, R.; Tunnell, C. D.; Uchida, M. A.; Vankova-Kirilova, G.; Virostek, S.; Vretenar, M.; Warburton, P.; Watson, S.; White, C.; Whyte, C. G.; Wilson, A.; Winter, M.; Yang, X.; Young, A.; Zisman, M.

2016-03-01

The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a systematic investigation of ionization cooling with muon beams of momentum between 140 and 240 MeV/c at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS facility. The measurement of ionization cooling in MICE relies on the selection of a pure sample of muons that traverse the experiment. To make this selection, the MICE Muon Beam is designed to deliver a beam of muons with less than ~1% contamination. To make the final muon selection, MICE employs a particle-identification (PID) system upstream and downstream of the cooling cell. The PID system includes time-of-flight hodoscopes, threshold-Cherenkov counters and calorimetry. The upper limit for the pion contamination measured in this paper is fπ < 1.4% at 90% C.L., including systematic uncertainties. Therefore, the MICE Muon Beam is able to meet the stringent pion-contamination requirements of the study of ionization cooling.

11. Form Factors in radiative pion decay

CERN Document Server

Mateu, V

2007-01-01

We perform an analysis of the form factors that rule the structure-dependent amplitude in the radiative pion decay. The resonance contributions to pion -> e nu_e gamma decays are computed through the proper construction of the vector and axial-vector form factors by setting the QCD driven asymptotic properties of the three-point Green functions VVP and VAP, and by demanding the smoothing of the form factors at high transfer of momentum. A comparison between theoretical and experimental determinations of the form factors is also carried out. We also consider and evaluate the role played by a non-standard tensor form factor. We conclude that, at present and due to the hadronic incertitudes, the search for New Physics in this process is not feasible.

12. Loop corrections to pion and kaon neutrinoproduction

CERN Document Server

Siddikov, Marat

2016-01-01

In this paper we study the next-to-leading order corrections to deeply virtual pion and kaon production in neutrino experiments. We estimate these corrections in the kinematics of the Minerva experiment at FERMILAB, and find that they are sizable and increase the leading order cross-section by up to a factor of two. We provide a code, which can be used for the evaluation of the cross-sections, taking into account these corrections and employing various GPD models.

13. Modeling the pion Generalized Parton Distribution

CERN Document Server

Mezrag, C

2015-01-01

We compute the pion Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) in a valence dressed quarks approach. We model the Mellin moments of the GPD using Ans\\"atze for Green functions inspired by the numerical solutions of the Dyson-Schwinger Equations (DSE) and the Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE). Then, the GPD is reconstructed from its Mellin moment using the Double Distribution (DD) formalism. The agreement with available experimental data is very good.

14. Pion production in neutrino interactions with nuclei

CERN Document Server

Leitner, T; Buss, O; Mosel, U; Alvarez-Ruso, L

2009-01-01

Neutrino-induced pion production on nuclear targets is the major inelastic channel in all present-day neutrino-oscillation experiments. It has to be understood quantitatively in order to be able to reconstruct the neutrino-energy at experiments such as MiniBooNE or K2K and T2K. We report here results of calculations cross sections for both this channel and for quasielastic scattering within the semiclassical GiBUU method. This methods contains scattering, both elastic and inelastic, absorption and side-feeding of channels all in a unitary, common theoretical framework and code. We find that charged current quasielastic scattering (CCQE) and $1 \\pi$ production are closely entangled in actual experiments, due to final state interactions of the scattered nucleons on one hand and of the $\\Delta$ resonances and pions, on the other hand. We discuss the uncertainties in the elementary pion production cross sections from ANL and BNL. We find the surprising result that the recent $1 \\pi$ production cross section data ...

15. Theory of the scattering of pions from nuclei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Siciliano, E.R.; Thaler, R.M.

1978-09-15

A nonrelativistic quantum field theoretic formulation of pion--nucleus scattering is presented. A nonrelativistic boson--complex-target Low equation is developed, in which the coupling between the incident boson and target constituent particles is completely general. This development is then particularized to the case where the bosons are pions and the target is a nucleus of A nucleons. Special detailed attention is paid to the case where the pion--nucleon coupling is linear. The pion--nucleus Low equation is decomposed into a finite series of A terms, referred to as a spectator expansion, of which the first term involves one active particle and (a-1) spectators and the higher terms involve an increasingly larger number of active target particles. Within the framework of the nonrelativistic pion--nucleus Low equation, a formal definition of the pion--nucleus optical potential is also given.

16. Measurement of the charged-pion polarisability at COMPASS

CERN Document Server

CERN. Geneva

2015-01-01

For more than a decade, COMPASS has been tackling the measurement of the electromagnetic polarizability of the charged pion, which describes the stiffness of the pion against deformation in electromagnetic fields. Previous experiments date back to the 1980's in Serpukhov (Russia), where the Primakoff method for realizing interactions of charged pions with quasi-real photons was first employed. Later also other techniques in photon-nucleon and photon-photon collisions were carried out at different machines. The COMPASS measurement demonstrates that the charged-pion polarizability is significantly smaller than the previous results, roughly by a factor two, with the smallest uncertainties realized so far. The pion polarisability is of fundamental interest in the low-energy sector of quantum chromodynamics. It is directly linked to the quark-gluon substructure and dynamics of the pion, the lightest bound system of strong interaction.

17. Upgrading the dosimetry at Ontario Hydro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirning, C.R. [Ontario Hydro, Whitby, ON (Canada). Health Physics Dept.

1996-12-01

Ontario Hydro has embarked upon a major programme to replace and upgrade its external dosimetry systems. In two years time, the utility expects to have two state-of-the-art dosimetry systems in place: a new TLD dosimetry of legal record that was designed nearly 30 years ago; and an electronic dosimetry system which could eventually replace the TLD as the primary system. (Author).

18. Characterising an aluminium oxide dosimetry system.

Science.gov (United States)

Conheady, Clement F; Gagliardi, Frank M; Ackerly, Trevor

2015-09-01

In vivo dosimetry is recommended as a defence-in-depth strategy in radiotherapy treatments and is currently employed by clinics around the world. The characteristics of a new optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry system were investigated for the purpose of replacing an aging thermoluminescence dosimetry system for in vivo dosimetry. The stability of the system was not sufficient to satisfy commissioning requirements and therefore it has not been released into clinical service at this time.

19. Photoproduction of Rho' Mesons in Reactions Photon -p --> (P2((+)PION))(2(-)PION) and Photon-P --> P((+)PION)(( -)PION)2((0)PION) at 20 GEV.

Science.gov (United States)

Dingus, Peter John

From over 300,000 hadronic events gathered by the BC72/73 collaboration, which directed a 20GeV photon beam onto a liquid hydrogen target, the reaction gamma p to pp ^' was isolated in the channels gamma p to p2pi^+2pi^- and gamma p to ppi^+pi^-2pi^0 . Subsequently various Monte Carlo models of the rho^' decaying into four pions in the charge states 2pi^+2 pi^- and pi^+ pi^-2pi^0 were fit to the data in all pertinent kinematic variables along with the decay angular distributions and various assumed backgrounds that had not been disentangled. The results of this analysis are: (1) The Photoproduced rho^' conserves S channel helicity, this is shown by an analysis of the angle Phi, as described in the text, and by the Density Matrix Elements, (DME), of the rho^' in the channel gamma p to p2pi^+2pi^-. The DMEs, through the Parity Asymmetry, also show the rho^' production to be mostly due to natural parity exchange in the t channel. (2) The dominant decay mode of the rho^' is via rho^' to pi A_1, this is shown by the absence of a rho^0 signal in the channel gamma p to ppi^+pi ^-2pi^0 and by the approximate equality of the rho^' cross sections in the two channels. The rho ^' cross section in the channel gamma p to p2pi^+2pi^- is measured to be 0.944 +/- 0.05 mu b and the rho^' cross section in the channel gamma p to ppi^+ pi^-2pi^0 is measured to be 1.19 +/- 0.089mu b. (3) The rho^' mass and width in the channel gamma p to p2pi^+2 pi^- are determined to be 1.20 +/- 0.05GeV and 0.535 +/- 0.04GeV respectively. In the channel gamma p to ppi^+ pi^-2pi^0 the rho^' mass and width are determined to be 1.25 +/- 0.1GeV and 0.53 +/- 0.06GeV respectively.

20. The Centauro events as a result of induced pions emission

CERN Document Server

Karmanov, V A

2002-01-01

It is shown that only in the case of n pion production amplitude (at n > 10), which is symmetric enough relative to the momenta permutations, there is appreciable probability of events with nothing but charged or nothing but neutral pions. Significant enhancement of the probability of these events in comparison with that follows from Poisson distribution is caused by induced pions emission, in complete analogy with the phenomenon of the induced photon emission in QED.

1. Crossing symmetric potential model of pion-nucleon scattering

CERN Document Server

Blankleider, B; Skawronski, T

2010-01-01

A crossing symmetric $\\pi N$ scattering amplitude is constructed through a complete attachment of two external pions to the dressed nucleon propagator of an underlying $\\pi N$ potential model. Our formulation automatically provides expressions also for the crossing symmetric and gauge invariant pion photoproduction and Compton scattering amplitudes. We show that our amplitudes are unitary if they coincide on-shell with the amplitudes obtained by attaching one pion to the dressed $\\pi NN$ vertex of the same potential model.

2. The pion form factor from analyticity and unitarity

B Ananthanarayan; Irinel Caprini; I Sentitemsu Imsong

2012-11-01

Analyticity and unitarity techniques are employed to estimate Taylor coefficients of the pion electromagnetic form factor at = 0 by exploiting the recently evaluated two-pion contribution to the muon ( − 2) and the phase of the pion electromagnetic form factor in the elastic region, known from scattering by Fermi–Watson theorem and the values of the form factor at several points in the space-like region. Regions in the complex -plane are isolated where the form factor cannot have zeros.

3. Nuclear accident dosimetry intercomparison studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Sims, C S

1989-09-01

Twenty-two nuclear accident dosimetry intercomparison studies utilizing the fast-pulse Health Physics Research Reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory have been conducted since 1965. These studies have provided a total of 62 different organizations a forum for discussion of criticality accident dosimetry, an opportunity to test their neutron and gamma-ray dosimetry systems under a variety of simulated criticality accident conditions, and the experience of comparing results with reference dose values as well as with the measured results obtained by others making measurements under identical conditions. Sixty-nine nuclear accidents (27 with unmoderated neutron energy spectra and 42 with eight different shielded spectra) have been simulated in the studies. Neutron doses were in the 0.2-8.5 Gy range and gamma doses in the 0.1-2.0 Gy range. A total of 2,289 dose measurements (1,311 neutron, 978 gamma) were made during the intercomparisons. The primary methods of neutron dosimetry were activation foils, thermoluminescent dosimeters, and blood sodium activation. The main methods of gamma dose measurement were thermoluminescent dosimeters, radiophotoluminescent glass, and film. About 68% of the neutron measurements met the accuracy guidelines (+/- 25%) and about 52% of the gamma measurements met the accuracy criterion (+/- 20%) for accident dosimetry.

4. Dosimetry of iodoantipyrine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chu, R.Y.L.; Ekeh, S. (Oklahoma Univ., Oklahoma City, OK (USA). Dept. of Radiological Sciences; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK (USA)); Basmadjian, G. (Oklahoma Univ., Oklahoma City, OK (USA). Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences)

1989-12-01

Dosimetry of iodoantipyrine labeled with radioactive iodine was determined by measuring the biodistribution of {sup 131}I-iodoantipyrine in 41 female rabbits. Following administration of the radiopharmaceutical, subjects were killed at 0.5, 6, 12, 17, 24, 36, and 48 h. Organs and samples of tissues and body fluids were assayed. Results were corrected for physical decay. Exponential functions were employed to describe the time-concentration curves; representative value would be the biological half life of 9.96+-0.55 h for blood. Cumulated activity estimates for {sup 123}I, {sup 125}I and {sup 131}I were then computed. Extrapolation to absorbed dose in humans followed the formulation of the Medical International Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. The whole body absorbed doses are 0.7 {mu}Gray, 0.5 {mu}Gray and 2.9 {mu}Gray per MBq of {sup 123}I, {sup 123}I, and {sup 131}I administered respectively. (orig.).

5. Design and simulation of the nuSTORM pion beamline

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, A., E-mail: aoliu@fnal.gov; Neuffer, D.; Bross, A.

2015-11-21

The nuSTORM (neutrinos from STORed Muons) proposal presents a detailed design for a neutrino facility based on a muon storage ring, with muon decay in the production straight section of the ring providing well defined neutrino beams. The facility includes a primary high-energy proton beam line, a target station with pion production and collection, and a pion beamline for pion transportation and injection into a muon decay ring. The nuSTORM design uses “stochastic injection”, in which pions are directed by a chicane, referred to as the Orbit Combination Section (OCS), into the production straight section of the storage ring. Pions that decay within that straight section provide muons within the circulating acceptance of the ring. The design enables injection without kickers or a separate pion decay transport line. The beam line that the pions traverse before being extracted from the decay ring is referred to as the pion beamline. This paper describes the design and simulation of the pion beamline, and includes full beam dynamics simulations of the system.

6. Pion production and absorption in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Senger, P. [GSI Planckstr.1, Darmstadt (Germany)

1993-12-31

In a relativistic nucleus-nucleus collision the projectile kinetic energy is not only converted into thermal and compressional energy of the nucleonic system, but also into internal excitation energy of the nucleons. At bombarding energies around 1 GeV/nucleon a substantial amount of baryonic resonances is produced which decay predominantly into pions. Thus the pion multiplicity, momentum and angular distributions provide information on the space time dynamics of the nuclear reaction system. In this paper the authors report on experiments which try to measure the primordial delta or pion abundancy. The idea is to compare the pion yields measured in a heavy and a light system: in the first case pion final-state interactions should happen much more frequently than in the second case. Both inclusive pion cross sections and pion multiplicities per participant nucleon are measured. In addition the authors study the pion emission pattern with respect to the reaction plane to sort out pions which are less affected by absorption and rescattering even in a heavy collision system.

7. A dynamical model for pion electroproduction on the nucleon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

George L. Caia; Louis E. Wright; Vladimir Pascalutsa

2005-06-01

We develop a Lorenz- and gauge-invariant dynamical model for pion electroproduction in the resonance region. The model is based on solving of the Salpeter (instantaneous) equation for the pion-nucleon interaction with a hadron-exchange potential. We find that the one-particle-exchange kernel of the Salpeter equation for pion electroproduction develops an unphysical singularity for a finite value of Q{sup 2}. We analyze two methods of dealing with this problem. Results of our model are compared with recent single-polarization data for pion electroproduction.

8. Inelastic electron-pion scattering at FNAL (SELEX)

CERN Document Server

Moinester, M A; Steiner, V; Moinester, Murray A.; Ocherashvili, Aharon; Steiner, Victor

1999-01-01

In this report we describe the analysis status of electron-pion inelastic scattering $\\pi e \\to \\pi' e' \\gamma$ and $\\pi e \\to \\pi' e' \\pi^0$ reaction data, measured in inverse pion-electron scattering at 590 GeV/c at FNAL. The data give information on reactions that were never previously measured: (1) radiative width from a measurement of the transition form factor near zero momentum transfer, (2) $\\pi e \\to e' \\pi' \\pi^0$ scattering near threshold for a determination of the chiral anomaly transition form factor and the $\\gamma field is Compton scattered on the pion, for a determination of the never previously measured generalized pion polarizabilities. 9. Information from the Dosimetry Service CERN Multimedia 2006-01-01 Please note the following opening hours of the Service: In June: Every morning from 8:30 to 12:00 In July: Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 8:30 to 11:30 Closed all day on Tuesdays and Thursdays From 31st July onwards: Every morning from 8:30 to 12:00 The Service is closed in the afternoons. We should like to remind you that dosimeters cannot be sent to customers by internal mail. Short-term dosimeters (VCTs) must always be returned to the Service after use and must not be left on the racks in the experimental areas or in the secretariats. Dosimetry Service Tel 72155 Bldg. 24 E 011 Dosimetry.service@cern.ch http://cern.ch/rp-dosimetry 10. For information: Individual dosimetry service CERN Multimedia 2004-01-01 The service has noticed that there are dosimeter holders who have changed their activities and thus have no longer need of dosimeter as a permanent basis in their work (persons who go rarely to the controlled areas). The reduction of persons in the regular distribution list of dosimeters will lighten the work of the service (distribution, evaluation and consolidation of doses) as well as the work of the distributors, needless to say the economical input this would have for CERN. For the persons who only need a dosimeter temporarily we would like to remind that there is a quick and simple procedure to have one immediately from the Individual Dosimetry Service. Please contact the service (dosimetry.service@cern.ch) if you do not need a dosimeter regularly. Thank you for your cooperation. http://cern.ch/rp-dosimetry 11. Information from the Dosimetry Service CERN Multimedia 2006-01-01 CERN Staff and Users can now consult their dose records for an individual or an organizational unit with HRT. Please see more information on our web page http://cern.ch/rp-dosimetry. The Dosimetry Service is open every morning from 8.30 - 12.00, and closed in the afternoons. We would like to remind you that dosimeters cannot be sent to customers by internal mail. Short-term dosimeters (VCT's) must always be returned to the Service after use and must not be left on the racks in the experimental areas or in the secretariats. 12. Information from the Dosimetry Service CERN Multimedia 2006-01-01 CERN Staff and Users can now consult their dose records for an individual or an organizational unit with HRT. Please see more information on our web page: http://cern.ch/rp-dosimetry. The Dosimetry Service is open every morning from 8.30 to 12.00 and is closed in the afternoons. We would like to remind you that dosimeters cannot be sent to customers by internal mail. Short-term dosimeters (VCT's) must always be returned to the Service after use and must not be left on the racks in the experimental areas or in the secretariats. 13. The pion: an enigma within the Standard Model Science.gov (United States) Horn, Tanja; Roberts, Craig D. 2016-07-01 Quantum chromodynamics (QCDs) is the strongly interacting part of the Standard Model. It is supposed to describe all of nuclear physics; and yet, almost 50 years after the discovery of gluons and quarks, we are only just beginning to understand how QCD builds the basic bricks for nuclei: neutrons and protons, and the pions that bind them together. QCD is characterised by two emergent phenomena: confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB). They have far-reaching consequences, expressed with great force in the character of the pion; and pion properties, in turn, suggest that confinement and DCSB are intimately connected. Indeed, since the pion is both a Nambu-Goldstone boson and a quark-antiquark bound-state, it holds a unique position in nature and, consequently, developing an understanding of its properties is critical to revealing some very basic features of the Standard Model. We describe experimental progress toward meeting this challenge that has been made using electromagnetic probes, highlighting both dramatic improvements in the precision of charged-pion form factor data that have been achieved in the past decade and new results on the neutral-pion transition form factor, both of which challenge existing notions of pion structure. We also provide a theoretical context for these empirical advances, which begins with an explanation of how DCSB works to guarantee that the pion is un-naturally light; but also, nevertheless, ensures that the pion is the best object to study in order to reveal the mechanisms that generate nearly all the mass of hadrons. In canvassing advances in these areas, our discussion unifies many aspects of pion structure and interactions, connecting the charged-pion elastic form factor, the neutral-pion transition form factor and the pion's leading-twist parton distribution amplitude. It also sketches novel ways in which experimental and theoretical studies of the charged-kaon electromagnetic form factor can provide 14. The pion: an enigma within the Standard Model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Horn, Tanja; Roberts, Craig D. 2016-05-27 Quantum chromodynamics (QCDs) is the strongly interacting part of the Standard Model. It is supposed to describe all of nuclear physics; and yet, almost 50 years after the discovery of gluons and quarks, we are only just beginning to understand how QCD builds the basic bricks for nuclei: neutrons and protons, and the pions that bind them together. QCD is characterised by two emergent phenomena: confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB). They have far-reaching consequences, expressed with great force in the character of the pion; and pion properties, in turn, suggest that confinement and DCSB are intimately connected. Indeed, since the pion is both a Nambu–Goldstone boson and a quark–antiquark bound-state, it holds a unique position in nature and, consequently, developing an understanding of its properties is critical to revealing some very basic features of the Standard Model. We describe experimental progress toward meeting this challenge that has been made using electromagnetic probes, highlighting both dramatic improvements in the precision of charged-pion form factor data that have been achieved in the past decade and new results on the neutral-pion transition form factor, both of which challenge existing notions of pion structure. We also provide a theoretical context for these empirical advances, which begins with an explanation of how DCSB works to guarantee that the pion is un-naturally light; but also, nevertheless, ensures that the pion is the best object to study in order to reveal the mechanisms that generate nearly all the mass of hadrons. In canvassing advances in these areas, our discussion unifies many aspects of pion structure and interactions, connecting the charged-pion elastic form factor, the neutral-pion transition form factor and the pion's leading-twist parton distribution amplitude. It also sketches novel ways in which experimental and theoretical studies of the charged-kaon electromagnetic form factor can provide 15. Pion electric polarizability from lattice QCD Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Alexandru, Andrei; Lujan, Michael; Freeman, Walter; Lee, Frank [The George Washington University, 725 21st St. NW, Washington DC, 20052 (United States) 2016-01-22 Electromagnetic polarizabilities are important parameters for understanding the interaction between photons and hadrons. For pions these quantities are poorly constrained experimentally since they can only be measured indirectly. New experiments at CERN and Jefferson Lab are planned that will measure the polarizabilities more precisely. Lattice QCD can be used to compute these quantities directly in terms of quark and gluons degrees of freedom, using the background field method. We present results for the electric polarizability for two different quark masses, light enough to connect to chiral perturbation theory. These are currently the lightest quark masses used in polarizability studies. 16. Pion showers in highly granular calorimeters Indian Academy of Sciences (India) Jaroslav Cvach; on behalf of the CALICE Collaboration 2012-10-01 New results on properties of hadron showers created by pion beam at 8–80 GeV in high granular electromagnetic and hadron calorimeters are presented. Data were used for the ﬁrst time to investigate the separation of the neutral and charged hadron showers. The result is important to verify the prediction of the PFA algorithm based up to now on the simulated data only. Next, the properties of hadron showers were compared to different physics lists of GEANT4 version 9.3. 17. Photoproduction of Neutral Pions off Protons CERN Document Server Crede, V; Wilson, A; Anisovich, A V; Bacelar, J C S; Bantes, R; Bartholomy, O; Bayadilov, D; Beck, R; Beloglazov, Y A; Castelijns, R; Dutz, H; Elsner, D; Ewald, R; Frommberger, F; Funke, Chr; Gregor, R; Gridnev, A; Gutz, E; Hillert, W; Hoffmeister, P; Jaegle, I; Junkersfeld, J; Kalinowsky, H; Kammer, S; Klein, Frank; Klein, Friedrich; Klempt, E; Kotulla, M; Krusche, B; Loehner, H; Lopatin, I V; Lugert, S; Menze, D; Mertens, T; Messchendorp, J G; Metag, V; Nanova, M; Nikonov, V A; Novinski, D; Novotny, R; Ostrick, M; Pant, L M; van Pee, H; Pfeiffer, M; Roy, A; Sarantsev, A V; Schadmand, S; Schmidt, C; Schmieden, H; Schoch, B; Shende, S; Sokhoyan, V; Suele, A; Sumachev, V V; Szczepanek, T; Thoma, U; Trnka, D; Varma, R; Walther, D; Wendel, Ch 2011-01-01 Photoproduction of neutral pions has been studied with the CBELSA/TAPS detector in the reaction$\\gamma p\\to p\\pi^0$for photon energies between 0.85 and 2.50 GeV. The$\\pi^0$mesons are observed in their dominant neutral decay mode:$\\pi^0\\to\\gamma\\gamma$. For the first time, the differential cross sections cover the very forward region,$\\theta_{\\rm c.m.}<60^\\circ$. A partial-wave analysis of these data within the Bonn-Gatchina framework observes the high-mass resonances:$G_{17}$(2190),$D_{13}$(2080), and$D_{15}$(2070). 18. Rare kaon, muon, and pion decay Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Littenberg, L. 1998-12-01 The author discusses the status of and prospects for the study of rare decays of kaons, muons, and pions. Studies of rare kaon decays are entering an interesting new phase wherein they can deliver important short-distance information. It should be possible to construct an alternative unitarity triangle to that determined in the B sector, and thus perform a critical check of the Standard Model by comparing the two. Rare muon decays are beginning to constrain supersymmetric models in a significant way, and future experiments should reach sensitivities which this kind of model must show effects, or become far less appealing. 19. Threshold Neutral Pion Photoproduction on the Proton CERN Document Server Blin, Astrid Hiller; Ledwig, Tim 2015-01-01 The neutral pion photoproduction on the proton near threshold has a very small scattering cross section when compared to the charged channels, which in ChPT is explained by strong cancellations between the lowest order pieces. Therefore it is very sensitive to higher-order corrections of chiral perturbation theory. We perform a fully covariant calculation up to chiral order p^3 and we investigate the effect of the inclusion of the Delta(1232) resonance as an explicit degree of freedom. We show that the convergence improves, leading to a much better agreement with data at a wide range of energies. 20. Photoproduction of neutral pions off protons Science.gov (United States) Crede, V.; Sparks, N.; Wilson, A.; Anisovich, A. V.; Bacelar, J. C. S.; Bantes, R.; Bartholomy, O.; Bayadilov, D.; Beck, R.; Beloglazov, Y. A.; Castelijns, R.; Dutz, H.; Elsner, D.; Ewald, R.; Frommberger, F.; Funke, Chr.; Gregor, R.; Gridnev, A.; Gutz, E.; Hillert, W.; Hoffmeister, P.; Jaegle, I.; Junkersfeld, J.; Kalinowsky, H.; Kammer, S.; Klein, Frank; Klein, Friedrich; Klempt, E.; Kotulla, M.; Krusche, B.; Löhner, H.; Lopatin, I. V.; Lugert, S.; Menze, D.; Mertens, T.; Messchendorp, J. G.; Metag, V.; Nanova, M.; Nikonov, V. A.; Novinski, D.; Novotny, R.; Ostrick, M.; Pant, L. M.; van Pee, H.; Pfeiffer, M.; Roy, A.; Sarantsev, A. V.; Schadmand, S.; Schmidt, C.; Schmieden, H.; Schoch, B.; Shende, S.; Sokhoyan, V.; Süle, A.; Sumachev, V. V.; Szczepanek, T.; Thoma, U.; Trnka, D.; Varma, R.; Walther, D.; Wendel, Ch. 2011-11-01 Photoproduction of neutral pions has been studied with the CBELSA/TAPS detector in the reaction γp→pπ0 for photon energies between 0.85 and 2.50 GeV. The π0 mesons are observed in their dominant neutral decay mode: π0→γγ. For the first time, the differential cross sections cover the very forward region, θc.m.<60∘. A partial-wave analysis of these data within the Bonn-Gatchina framework observes the high-mass resonances G17(2190), D13(2080), and D15(2070). 1. Quark dynamics and pion-nucleon coupling Science.gov (United States) Weise, W.; Werner, E. 1981-05-01 In the framework of nonperturbative QCD phenomenology we discuss: (1) The elementary process for the creation of color-singlet qq-pairs inside a hadron. (2) The interaction of the qq-pair with the surrounding quark-gluon medium. An important consequence of these discussions is that meson emission takes place preferentially, if the primary qq-pair is created in the surface region of the hadron. For the case of pseudoscalar coupling we employ PCAC to obtain the coupling of the qq-pair to the pion. The resulting form and coupling strength of the πNN vertex is consistent with the phenomenological OPEP. 2. Nuclear transparencies from photoinduced pion production Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) W. Cosyn; M.C. Martinez; J. Ryckebusch; B. Van Overmeire 2006-12-01 We present a relativistic and cross-section factorized framework for computing nuclear transparencies extracted from A({gamma}, {pi} N) reactions at intermediate energies. The proposed quantum mechanical model adopts a relativistic extension to the multiple-scattering Glauber approximation to account for the final state interactions of the ejected nucleon and pion. The theoretical predictions are compared against the experimental {sup 4}He({gamma},p {pi}{sup -}) data from Jefferson Lab. For those data, our results show no conclusive evidence for the onset of mechanisms related to color transparency. 3. Single neutral pion production by charged-current$\\bar{\

CERN Document Server

Aliaga, L; Bercellie, A; Bodek, A; Bravar, A; Brooks, W K; Butkevich, A; Caicedo, D A Martinez; Carneiro, M F; Christy, M E; Chvojka, J; da Motta, H; Devan, J; Dytman, S A; Díaz, G A; Eberly, B; Felix, J; Fields, L; Fine, R; Gago, A M; Gallagher, H; Gran, R; Harris, D A; Higuera, A; Hurtado, K; Kordosky, M; Le, T; Maher, E; Manly, S; Mann, W A; Marshall, C M; McFarland, K S; McGivern, C L; McGowan, A M; Miller, J; Morfín, J G; Mousseau, J; Nelson, J K; Norrick, A; Osta, J; Palomino, J L; Paolone, V; Park, J; Patrick, C E; Perdue, G N; Rakotondravohitra, L; Ramirez, M A; Ransome, R D; Ray, H; Ren, L; Rodrigues, P A; Ruterbories, D; Schellman, H; Schmitz, D W; Sobczyk, J T; Salinas, C J Solano; Tagg, N; Tice, B G; Valencia, E; Walton, T; Wolcott, J; Yepes-Ramirez, H; Zavala, G; Zhang, D; Ziemer, B P

2015-01-01

Single neutral pion production via muon antineutrino charged-current interactions in plastic scintillator (CH) is studied using the \\minerva detector exposed to the NuMI low-energy, wideband antineutrino beam at Fermilab. Measurement of this process constrains models of neutral pion production in nuclei, which is important because the neutral-current analog is a background for $\\bar{\ 4. Limits on Lorentz violation from charged-pion decay NARCIS (Netherlands) P. Noordmans, J.; K. Vos, K. 2014-01-01 Charged-pion decay offers many opportunities to study Lorentz violation. Using an effective field theory approach, we study Lorentz violation in the lepton, W-boson, and quark sectors and derive the differential pion-decay rate, including muon polarization. Using coordinate redefinitions we are able 5. Pion Electromagnetic Form Factor in Virtuality Distribution Formalism Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Radyushkin, Anatoly V. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States) 2016-01-01 We discuss two applications of the {\\it Virtuality Distribution Amplitudes} (VDA) formalism developed in our recent papers. We start with an overview of the main properties of the pion distribution amplitude emphasizing the quantitative measures of its width, and possibility to access them through the pion transition form factor studies. We formulate the basic concepts of the VDA approach and introduce the pion {\\it transverse momentum distribution amplitude} (TMDA) which plays, in a covariant Lagrangian formulation, a role similar to that of the pion wave function in the 3-dimensional Hamiltonian light-front approach. We propose simple factorized models for soft TMDAs, and use them to describe existing data on the pion transition form factor, thus fixing the scale determining the size of the transverse-momentum effects. Finally, we apply the VDA approach to the one-gluon exchange contribution for the pion electromagnetic form factor. We observe a very late$Q^2 \\gtrsim 20$GeV$^2$onset of transition to the asymptotic pQCD predictions and show that in the$Q^2 \\lesssim 10$GeV$^2$region there is essentially no sensitivity to the shape of the pion distribution amplitude. Furthermore, the magnitude of the one-gluon exchange contribution in this region is estimated to be an order of magnitude below the Jefferson Lab data, thus leaving the Feynman mechanism as the only one relevant to the pion electromagnetic form factor behavior for accessible$Q^2$. 6. Optimization of Experiment Detecting Kaon and Pion Internal Structure Science.gov (United States) Wacht, Jacob 2016-09-01 Pions and kaons are the lightest two-quark systems in Nature. Scientists believe that the rules governing the strong interaction are chirally, symmetric. If this were true, the pion would have no mass. The chiral symmetry is broken dynamically by quark-gluon interactions, giving the pion mass. The pion is thus seen as the key to confirm the mechanism that dynamically generates nearly all of the mass of hadrons and central to the effort to understand hadron structure. The most prominent observables are the meson form factors. Experiments are planned at the 12 GeV Jefferson Lab. An experiment aimed at shedding light on the kaon's internal structure is scheduled to run in 2017. The experimental setup has been optimized for detecting kaons, but it may allow for detecting pions between values of Q2 of 0.4 and 5.5 GeV2. Measurements of the separated pion cross section and exploratory extraction of the pion form factor from electroproduction at low Q2 could be compared to earlier e-pi scattering data, and thus help validating the method. At high Q2, these measurements provide the first L/T separated cross sections and could help guide planned dedicated pion experiments. I will present possible parasitic studies with the upcoming kaon experiment. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant PHY-1306227. 7. Some remarks on pion condensation in relativistic heavy ion collisions CERN Document Server Greiner, C; Müller, B 1993-01-01 Recently it was pointed out that coherent or condensated states of pions may account for the explanation of the Centauro events observed in cosmic ray showers. We argue that an occurrence of condensed pions requires that the system evolves far out of thermal equilibrium. Besides an unusual charge ratio distribution we show that such a produced state also would lead to strong isospin correlations. 8. Further comment on pion electroproduction and the axial form factor CERN Document Server Bernard, V; Meißner, Ulf G; Mei{\\ss}ner, Ulf-G. 2001-01-01 We show that a recent claim (H.Haberzettl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 3576) that one cannot extract the nucleon weak axial form factor G_A (t) from charged pion threshold electroproduction is incorrect. Thus previous calculations remain valid and threshold charged pion electroproduction experiments can indeed be used to determine G_A (t), and they should certainly be pursued. 9. Dosimetry for Electron Beam Applications DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Miller, Arne 1983-01-01 This report describes two aspects of electron bean dosimetry, on one hand developaent of thin fil« dosimeters and measurements of their properties, and on the other hand developaent of calorimeters for calibration of routine dosimeters, e.g. thin films. Two types of radiochromic thin film... 10. In aqua vivo EPID dosimetry NARCIS (Netherlands) Wendling, M.; McDermott, L.N.; Mans, A.; Olaciregui-Ruiz, I.; Pecharroman-Gallego, R.; Sonke, J.J.; Stroom, J.; Herk, M. van; Mijnheer, B.J. 2012-01-01 PURPOSE: At the Netherlands Cancer Institute--Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital in vivo dosimetry using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) has been implemented for almost all high-energy photon treatments of cancer with curative intent. Lung cancer treatments were initially excluded, because t 11. In vivo dosimetry in brachytherapy DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Tanderup, Kari; Beddar, Sam; Andersen, Claus Erik; 2013-01-01 In vivo dosimetry (IVD) has been used in brachytherapy (BT) for decades with a number of different detectors and measurement technologies. However, IVD in BT has been subject to certain difficulties and complexities, in particular due to challenges of the high-gradient BT dose distribution and th... 12. Portal dosimetry in wedged beams NARCIS (Netherlands) Spreeuw, H.; Rozendaal, R.; Camargo, P.; Mans, A.; Wendling, M.; Olaciregui-Ruiz, I.; Sonke, J.J.; Herk, M. van; Mijnheer, B. 2015-01-01 Portal dosimetry using electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) is often applied to verify high-energy photon beam treatments. Due to the change in photon energy spectrum, the resulting dose values are, however, not very accurate in the case of wedged beams if the pixel-to-dose conversion for the s 13. QCD factorization for the pion diffractive dissociation to two jets CERN Document Server Braun, V M; Schäfer, A; Szymanowski, L 2001-01-01 We calculate the cross section of a pion diffraction dissociation in two jets with large transverse momenta originating from a hard gluon exchange between the pion constituents. To the leading logarithmic accuracy (in energy), the contribution coming from small transverse separations between the quark and the antiquark in the pion acquires the expected factorized form, the longitudinal momentum distribution of the jets being proportional to the pion distribution amplitude. The hard gluon exchange can in this case be considered as a part of the unintegrated gluon distribution. Beyond the leading logarithms (in energy) this proportionality does not hold. Moreover, the collinear factorization appears to be broken by the end-point singularities. Remarkably enough, the longitudinal momentum distribution of the jets for the non-factorizable contribution is calculable, and turns out to be the same as for the factorizable contribution with the asymptotic pion distribution amplitude. 14. Comparative Energy Dependence of Proton and Pion Degradation in Diamond CERN Document Server Lazanu, Ionel 1999-01-01 A comparative theoretical study of the damages produced by protons and pions, in the energy range 50 MeV - 50 GeV, in diamond, is presented. The concentration of primary defects (CPD) induced by hadron irradiation is used to describe material degradation. The CPD has very different behaviours for protons and pions: the proton degradation is important at low energies and is higher than the pion one in the whole energy range investigated, with the exception of the Delta33 resonance region, where a large maximum of the degradation exists for pions. In comparison with silicon, the most investigated and the most studied material for detectors, diamond theoretically proves to be one order of magnitude more resistant, both to proton and pion irradiation. 15. Subthreshold production of pions in coincidence with light particles Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Barbera, R.; Badala, A.; Adorno, A.; Bonasera, A.; Di Toro, M.; Palmeri, A.; Pappalardo, G.S.; Riggi, F.; Russo, G. (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Catania (Italy)); Bizard, G.; Durand, D.; Laville, J.L. (Caen Univ., 14 (France). Lab. de Physique Corpusculaire); Jin, G.M. (Grand Accelerateur National d' Ions Lourds (GANIL), 14 - Caen (France)); Rosato, E. (Naples Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Scienze Fisiche Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Naples (Italy)) 1990-12-03 He ions have been detected in coincidence with charged pions in the reaction {sup 16}O on {sup 27}Al at E{sub lab}=94 MeV/u. We analyse velocity spectra and cross-sections of He ions emitted in the angular range 4deg/150deg in coincidence with charged pions detected at 90deg. A two source emission mechanism of the helium particles and a pion statistical production from an equilibrated participant zone is stressed. The absolute yields at different angles are compared with results of a theoretical model for medium energy heavy ion reactions in the frame of a participant-spectator picture. A comparison of the pion energy spectra with Boltzmann-Nordheim-Vlasov calculations and a discussion on the time scale for pion emission is also presented. (orig.). 16. Plutonium worker dosimetry. Science.gov (United States) Birchall, Alan; Puncher, M; Harrison, J; Riddell, A; Bailey, M R; Khokryakov, V; Romanov, S 2010-05-01 Epidemiological studies of the relationship between risk and internal exposure to plutonium are clearly reliant on the dose estimates used. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is currently reviewing the latest scientific information available on biokinetic models and dosimetry, and it is likely that a number of changes to the existing models will be recommended. The effect of certain changes, particularly to the ICRP model of the respiratory tract, has been investigated for inhaled forms of (239)Pu and uncertainties have also been assessed. Notable effects of possible changes to respiratory tract model assumptions are (1) a reduction in the absorbed dose to target cells in the airways, if changes under consideration are made to the slow clearing fraction and (2) a doubling of absorbed dose to the alveolar region for insoluble forms, if evidence of longer retention times is taken into account. An important factor influencing doses for moderately soluble forms of (239)Pu is the extent of binding of dissolved plutonium to lung tissues and assumptions regarding the extent of binding in the airways. Uncertainty analyses have been performed with prior distributions chosen for application in epidemiological studies. The resulting distributions for dose per unit intake were lognormal with geometric standard deviations of 2.3 and 2.6 for nitrates and oxides, respectively. The wide ranges were due largely to consideration of results for a range of experimental data for the solubility of different forms of nitrate and oxides. The medians of these distributions were a factor of three times higher than calculated using current default ICRP parameter values. For nitrates, this was due to the assumption of a bound fraction, and for oxides due mainly to the assumption of slower alveolar clearance. This study highlights areas where more research is needed to reduce biokinetic uncertainties, including more accurate determination of particle transport rates 17. ESR dosimetry: achievements and challenges Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Baffa, O., E-mail: baffa@usp.br [Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Fisica, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo (Brazil) 2015-10-15 Full text: Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), also known as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and more recently as Electron Magnetic Resonance (Emr), is a spectroscopy technique able to detect unpaired electrons such as those created by the interaction ionizing radiation with matter. When the unpaired electrons created by ionizing radiation are stable over some reasonable time, ESR can be used to measure the radiation dose deposited in the material under study. In principle, any insulating material that satisfies this requisite can be used as a dosimeter. ESR has been used in retrospective dosimetry in case of radiological accidents using natural constituents of human body such as teeth, bones and nails as well as fortuitous materials as sugar, sweeteners and plastics. When using teeth the typical detected dose is 0.5 Gy for, for X-Band spectrometers (9 GHz) and even lower doses if higher frequency spectrometers are used. Clinical dosimetry is another area of potential use of this dosimetric modality. In this application the amino acid alanine has been proposed and being used. Alanine dosimeters are very easy to prepare and require no complicated treatments for use. Alanine/ESR dosimetry satisfies many of the required properties for clinical applications such as water equivalent composition, independence of response for the energy range used in therapy and high precision. Other organic materials such as ammonium tartrate are being investigated to increase the sensitivity of ESR for clinical applications. Finally, industrial applications can also benefit from this dosimetry. The challenges to expand applications, the number of users and research groups of ESR dosimetry will be discussed. (Author) 18. Probing Delta structure with pion electromagnetic production CERN Document Server Yang, S N; Yang, Shin Nan 2003-01-01 The Dubna-Mainz-Taipei dynamical model for pion electromagnetic production, which can describe well the existing data from threshold up to 1 GeV photon lab energy, is presented and used to analyze the recent precision data in the$\\Delta$region. We find that, within our model, the bare Delta is almost spherical while the physical Delta is oblate. The deformation is almost saturated by the pion cloud effects. We further find that up to Q^2 = 4.0 (GeV/c)^2, the extracted helicity amplitude A_{3/2} and A_{1/2} remain comparable with each other, implying that hadronic helicity is not conserved at this range of Q^2. The ratio E_{1+}/M_{1+} obtained show, starting from a small and negative value at the real photon point, a clear tendency to cross zero, and to become positive with increasing Q^2. This is a possible indication of a very slow approach toward the pQCD region. Finally, we find that the bare helicity amplitude A_{1/2} and S_{1/2}, but not A_{3/2}, starts exhibiting the scaling behavior at about Q^2 \\ge ... 19. Double pion photoproduction off {sup 40}Ca Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bloch, F.; Kotulla, M.; Krusche, B. [University of Basel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Basel (Switzerland); Ahrens, J.; Beck, R.; Hornidge, D.; Rost, M.; Thomas, A. [Johannes-Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz, Institut fuer Kernphysik, Mainz (Germany); Annand, J.R.M.; Fog, L.S.; McGeorge, J.C.; MacGregor, I.J.D.; Owens, R.O.; Sanderson, R.; Watts, D.P. [University of Glasgow, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow (United Kingdom); Janssen, S.; Messchendorp, J.G.; Metag, V.; Novotny, R.; Pfeiffer, M.; Schadmand, S. [Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Giessen (Germany) 2007-05-15 The photoproduction of {pi} {sup 0} {pi} {sup 0} and {pi} {sup 0} {pi} {sup {+-}} pairs off {sup 40}Ca has been investigated with the TAPS detector using the Glasgow photon tagging spectrometer at the Mainz MAMI accelerator. Data have been taken for incident photon energies in the energy range from 200-820 MeV. Total cross-sections have been extracted from threshold up to the maximum photon energy and invariant-mass distributions of the pion pairs have been obtained for incident photon energies between 400-500 MeV and 500-550 MeV. The double {pi} {sup 0} invariant-mass distributions show some relative enhancement with respect to the mixed charge channel at small invariant masses. The effects are smaller than previously observed for lead nuclei and the distributions do not significantly deviate from carbon data. The data are in good agreement with the results of recent calculations in the framework of the BUU model, with careful treatment of final-state interaction effects but without an explicit in-medium modification of scalar, iso-scalar pion pairs. This means that for Ca most of the experimentally observed effect can be explained by final-state interactions. Only at low incident photon energies there is still a small low mass enhancement of the double {pi} {sup 0} data over the BUU results. (orig.) 20. Pion inelastic scattering from sup 20 Ne Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Burlein, M. (Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA (USA). Dept. of Physics) 1989-12-01 Angular distributions for {sup 20}Ne({pi}{sup {plus minus}}, {pi}{sup {plus minus}}{prime}) were measured on the Energetic Pion Channel and Spectrometer (EPICS) at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). Data were taken with both {pi}{sup {plus}} and {pi}{sup {minus}} over an angular range of 12{degree} to 90{degree} for T{sub {pi}}=180 MeV and with {pi}{sup +} from 15{degree} to 90{degree} for T{sub {pi}}=120 MeV. The data were analyzed using both the distorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) and the coupled-channels impulse approximation (CCIA) with collective transition densities. In addition, microscopic transition densities were used in the DWIA analysis for states in the lowest rotational bands. The transitions to the 6.73-MeV 0{sup +} and several 1{sup {minus}} states, including the states at 5.79 MeV and 8.71 MeV, were studied using several models for the transition density. Strong evidence for the importance of two-step routes in pion inelastic scattering was seen in several angular distributions, including the 5.79-MeV 1{sup {minus}}, the first three 4{sup +} states, and the 8.78-MeV 6{sup +}. 100 refs., 81 figs., 33 tabs. 1. Lattice calculation of Delta isospin = 3/2 kaon decays to pion pion decay amplitude with interacting two pions Science.gov (United States) Kim, Changhoan We report the results of a calculation of the K → pipi matrix elements of the DeltaI = 3/2 operators. Relying on the 3-flavor effective Hamiltonian, we calculate the low energy contribution to the matrix elements in quenched lattice QCD with the DBW2 action using domain wall fermions, while the high energy contribution is included in the Wilson coefficients. In order to generate interacting pipi states with non-zero relative momentum in lattice, we apply anti-periodic boundary conditions on pions. Since only the magnitude of the overlap of our interpolating operators with the initial and final state is determined, we can calculate only the magnitude of the matrix elements. From the comparison with the experimental result, however, we find some degree of discrepancy. This discrepancy might be ascribed to the unphysical kinematics we choose in this report. 2. Dilepton bremsstrahlung from pion-pion scattering in a relativistic OBE model CERN Document Server Eggers, H C; Gale, C; Haglin, K L 1996-01-01 We have made a detailed and quantitative study of dilepton production via bremsstrahlung of a virtual photon during pion-pion collisions. Most calculations of electromagnetic radiation from strong interaction processes rely on the soft photon approximation (SPA). The conditions underlying this approximation are generally violated when dilepton spectra are calculated in terms of their invariant mass, so that an approach going beyond the SPA becomes necessary. Superseding previous derivations, we derive an exact formula for the bremsstrahlung cross section. The resulting formulation is compared to various forms based on the SPA, the two-particle phase space approximation and R\\"uckl's formula using a relativistic One Boson Exchange (OBE) model. Within the OBE approach, we show that approximations to the bremsstrahlung dilepton cross sections often differ greatly from the exact result; discrepancies become greater both with rising temperature and with invariant mass. Integrated dilepton production rates are over... 3. Development of the pion tracker for HADES spectrometer Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lalik, Rafal [Excellence Cluster ' ' Universe' ' , TU Muenchen, Boltzmannstr.2, 85748 Garching (Germany); Collaboration: HADES-Collaboration 2014-07-01 The beam detector for experiments with pion beams at the HADES spectrometer in GSI Darmstadt has been developed. The main goal of this development is to provide efficient event by event reconstruction of secondary pion momenta. Pions are created impacting nitrogen or proton beams on a secondary beryllium target and are then delivered through a chicane to the experimental areas. The expected momentum spread of the secondary pion beam is about 8% whereas simulated resolution of reconstructed momenta is below 0.5%. The challenging issue is to achieve an accurate measurement (on order of per-mile) of each pion in a high intensity (10{sup 8} part./spill) environment along the pion-bean chicane. This translates into a rate of 10{sup 6} pion/spill with a kinetic energy of 1-2 GeV at the HADES target point. The tracking system is based on double-sided silicon strips sensors build in radiation hardness technology, and a n-XYTER ASIC front-end readout. The trigger logic is implemented in the TRB3 boards. The whole system is designed as a standalone, easy scalable and portable. In this talk we are showing status and performance of the system, and recent results obtained in the laboratory and with proton beams at COSY with 2 GeV protons. 4. Development of the pion tracker for HADES spectrometer Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lalik, Rafal [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany). Excellence Cluster Universe; Collaboration: HADES-Collaboration 2013-07-01 We are working on the development of the beam detector for experiments with pion beams at HADES spectrometer in GSI Darmstadt. Pions are created impacting nitrogen or proton beams on a secondary beryllium target and are then delivered through a chicane to the experimental areas. The expected momentum spread of the secondary pion beam is about 8 % and the main goal of this beam detector is to deliver information about the pion momentum for each beam particle. The challenging issue is to achieve an accurate measurement (∼ % fj) of each pion in a high intensity (10{sup 8} part./spill) environment along the pion-bean chicane. This translates into a rate of 10{sup 6} pion/spill with a kinetic energy of 1-2 GeV at the HADES target point. We are currently testing a tracker system, based on double-sided silicon strips detectors with higher radiation hardness and n-XYTER ASIC readout. For prototyping we have prepared the acquisition system compatible with the CBM data acquisition system, for the future employment with HADES we are currently working on acquisition based on the novel TRB3 board. In this talk we are showing current status and performance of the system, and recent results obtained in the laboratory and with proton beams. 5. Results from 2010 Caliban Criticality Dosimetry Intercomparison Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Veinot, K. G. 2011-10-12 The external dosimetry program participated in a criticality dosimetry intercomparison conducted at the Caliban facility in Valduc, France in 2010. Representatives from the dosimetry and instrumentation groups were present during testing which included irradiations of whole-body beta/gamma (HBGT) and neutron thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), a fixed nuclear accident dosimeter (FNAD), electronic alarming dosimeters, and a humanoid phantom filled with reference man concentrations of sodium. This report reviews the testing procedures, preparations, irradiations, and presents results of the tests. 6. Nucleon and pion structure with lattice QCD simulations at physical value of the pion mass CERN Document Server Abdel-Rehim, A; Constantinou, M; Dimopoulos, P; Frezzotti, R; Hadjiyiannakou, K; Jansen, K; Kallidonis, Ch; Kostrzewa, B; Koutsou, G; Mangin-Brinet, M; Oehm, M; Rossi, G C; Urbach, C; Wenger, U 2015-01-01 We present results on the nucleon scalar, axial and tensor charges as well as on the momentum fraction, and the helicity and transversity moments. The pion momentum fraction is also presented. The computation of these key observables is carried out using lattice QCD simulations at a physical value of the pion mass. The evaluation is based on gauge configurations generated with two degenerate sea quarks of twisted mass fermions with a clover term. We investigate excited states contributions with the nucleon quantum numbers by analyzing three sink-source time separations. We find that, for the scalar charge, excited states contribute significantly and to a less degree to the nucleon momentum fraction and helicity moment. Our analysis yields a value for the nucleon axial charge agrees with the experimental value and we predict a value of 1.027(62) in the$\\overline{\\text{MS}}$scheme at 2 GeV for the isovector nucleon tensor charge directly at the physical point. The pion momentum fraction is found to be$\\langl...

7. MISTI Shielding and Dosimetry Experiment Project

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Reliable on-orbit dosimetry is necessary for understanding effects of space radiation environments on spacecraft microelectronics performance and comparison of...

8. Neutrinos from PIon Beam Line, nuPIL

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lagrange, J. B. [Imperial Coll., London; Pasternak, J. [Imperial Coll., London; Bross, A. [Fermilab; Liu, A. [Fermilab

2016-05-05

LBNF-DUNE (Long Baseline Neutrino Facilities - Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is a project based at Fermilab to study neutrino oscillations. The current baseline regarding the neutrino production considers the conventional approach: a high energy proton beam hits a target, producing pions that are collected by a horn and that decay in a decay pipe. An alternative solution, called nuPIL (neutrinos from a Pion beam Line) consists of using a beam line to guide the pions to clean the beam and to put instrumentation to monitor it. This paper presents the concept and the first preliminary results.

9. Influence of Multiple Scattering on Two-Pion Correlation Measurements

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

TANG Gui-Xin; ZHANG Wei-Ning; LIU Yi-Ming; HUO Lei; ZHANG Jing-Bo

2004-01-01

@@ Using the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model, we study the influence of multiple scattering on the result of two-pion correlation measurements. The scales of pion spatial distribution are larger at thermal freezeout than at chemical freeze-out. By varying the value of the parameter of cross section from 0 to 90mb, we find that the sizes of pion source measured by two-particle correlation functions are almost independent of the parameter of cross section. However, λ parameters are sensitive to the parameter of cross section.

10. Remarks on the pion-nucleon sigma-term

CERN Document Server

Hoferichter, Martin; Kubis, Bastian; Meißner, Ulf-G

2016-01-01

The pion-nucleon $\\sigma$-term can be stringently constrained by the combination of analyticity, unitarity, and crossing symmetry with phenomenological information on the pion-nucleon scattering lengths. Recently, lattice calculations at the physical point have been reported that find lower values by about $3\\sigma$ with respect to the phenomenological determination. We point out that a lattice measurement of the pion-nucleon scattering lengths could help resolve the situation by testing the values extracted from spectroscopy measurements in pionic atoms.

11. Thermal and Nonthermal Pion Enhancements with Chiral Symmetry Restoration

CERN Document Server

Zhuang, P

2001-01-01

The pion production by sigma decay and its relation with chiral symmetry restoration in a hot and dense matter are investigated in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The decay rate for the process sigma -> 2pion to the lowest order in a 1/N_c expansion is calculated as a function of temperature T and chemical potential mu. The thermal and nonthermal enhancements of pions generated by the decay before and after the freeze-out present only in the crossover region of the chiral symmetry transition. The strongest nonthermal enhancement is located in the vicinity of the endpoint of the first-order transition.

12. Pion-nucleon scattering inside the Mandelstam triangle

CERN Document Server

Büttiker, P; Büttiker, Paul; Meissner, Ulf-G.

2000-01-01

We study the third order pion-nucleon scattering amplitude obtained from heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory inside the Mandelstam triangle. We reconstruct the pion-nucleon amplitude in the unphysical region by use of dispersion relations and determine the pertinent low-energy constants by a fit to this amplitude. A detailed comparison with values obtained from phase shift analysis is given. Our analysis leads to a pion-nucleon sigma-term of sigma(0)=40 MeV based on the Karlsruhe partial wave analysis. We have repeated the same procedure using the latest solution of the VPI group and find a much larger value for sigma(0).

13. Two-pion interferometry for a partially coherent evolution source

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LI Jian-Wei; YU Li-Li; ZHANG Wei-Ning

2008-01-01

We give the formulas of two-pion Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) correlation function for a partially coherent evolution pion-emitting source,using quantum probability amplitudes in a path-integral formalism.The multiple scattering of the particles in the source is taken into consideration based on Glauber scattering theory.Two-pion interferometry with effects of the multiple scattering and source collective expansion is examined for a partially coherent source of hadronic gas with a finite baryon density and evolving hydrodynamically.We do not find observable effect of either the multiple scattering or the source collective expansion on HBT chaotic parameter.

14. Pion Effect of Nuclear Matter in a Chiral Sigma Model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

HU Jin-niu; Y.Ogawa; H.Toki; A.Hosaka; SHEN Hong

2009-01-01

We develop a new framework for the study of the nuclear matter based on the linear sigma model.We introduce a completely new viewpoint on the treatment of the nuclear matter with the inclusion of the pion.We extend the relativistic chiral mean field model by using the similar method in the tensor optimized shell model.We also regulate the pion-nucleon interaction by considering the form-factor and short range repulsion effects.We obtain the equation of state of nuclear matter and study the importance of the pion effect.

15. Azimuthal Dependence of Pion Interferometry at the AGS

CERN Document Server

Lisa, M A; Alexander, J M; Anderson, M; Best, D; Brady, F P; Case, T; Caskey, W; Cebra, D; Chance, J L; Chung, P; Cole, B; Crowe, K M; Das, A C; Draper, J E; Gilkes, M L; Gushue, S; Heffner, M; Hirsch, A S; Hjort, E L; Huo, L; Justice, M; Kaplan, M; Keane, D; Kintner, J C; Klay, J L; Krofcheck, D; Lacey, R A; Lauret, J; Liu, H; Liu, Y M; McGrath, R; Milosevich, Z; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina; Olson, D L; Panitkin, S Y; Pinkenburg, C H; Porile, N T; Rai, G; Ritter, H G; Romero, J L; Scharenberg, R P; Schröder, L; Srivastava, B; Stone, N T B; Symons, T J M; Wells, R; Whitfield, J; Wienold, T; Witt, R; Wood, L; Zhang Wei Ning

2000-01-01

Two-pion correlation functions, measured as a function of azimuthal emission angle with respect to the reaction plane, provide novel information on the anisotropic shape and orientation of the pion-emitting zone formed in heavy ion collisions. We present the first experimental determination of this information, for semi-central Au+Au collisions at 2-6 AGeV. The source extension perpendicular to the reaction plane is greater than the extension in the plane, and tilt of the pion source in coordinate space is found to be opposite its tilt in momentum space.

16. Fifth personnel dosimetry intercomparison study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sims, C.S.

1980-02-01

The fifth Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study (PDIS) was conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) facility on March 20-22, 1979. This study is the latest PDIS in the continuing series started at the DOSAR facility in 1974. The PDIS is a three day study, typically in March, where personnel dosimeters are mailed to the DOSAR facility, exposed to a range of low-level neutron radiation doses (1 to 15 mSv or equivalently, 100 to 1500 mrem) and neutron-to-gamma ratios (1:1-10:1) using the Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) as the radiation source, and returned to the participants for evaluation. This report is a summary and analysis of the results reported by the various participants. The participants are able to intercompare their results with those of others who made dose measurements under identical experimental conditions.

17. Gel dosimetry for conformal radiotherapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gambarini, G. [Department of Physics of the University and INFN, Milan (Italy)]. e-mail: grazia.gambarini@mi.infn.it

2005-07-01

With the continuum development of conformal radio therapies, aimed at delivering high dose to tumor tissue and low dose to the healthy tissue around, the necessities has appeared of suitable improvement of dosimetry techniques giving the possibility of obtaining dose images to be compared with diagnostic images. Also if wide software has been developed for calculating dose distributions in the fields of various radiotherapy units, experimental verifications are necessary, in particular in the case of complex geometries in conformal radiotherapy. Gel dosimetry is a promising method for imaging the absorbed dose in tissue-equivalent phantoms, with the possibility of 3D reconstruction of the spatial dose distribution, with milli metric resolution. Optical imaging of gel dosimeters, based on visible light absorbance analysis, has shown to be a reliable technique for achieving dose distributions. (Author)

18. NOTE FROM THE DOSIMETRY SERVICE

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

During March, the Dosimetry Service will be opened from 8h30 to 12h in the morning and closed every afternoon.   We have established that many people, who are provided regularly with a personal dosimeter (film badge), have changed their activity and do not need it anymore, because they do not, or only exceptionally, enter controlled areas. If you are one of these persons, please contact the Personal Dosimeter Service (tel: 72155). There is a simplified procedure for obtaining a dosimeter if you have an immediate need for short-term visits in controlled areas. A reduction of the number of persons on the regular distribution list of dosimeters would decrease our and the distributors workload. It would also contribute to significant savings in the dosimetry, and thus CERN, budget. We thank you in advance for your understanding and for your collaboration.

19. Pions near the chiral critical point

Science.gov (United States)

Hippert, M.; Fraga, E. S.; Santos, E. M.

2016-04-01

It is an exciting possibility that the QCD critical point can be found in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision experiments (HICs). While quantities such as some event-by-event moments of specific observables should display strong non-monotonic behavior near the critical point and could, hence, be used as signatures of criticality, it is not clear that this behavior could effectively be observed in the highly non-ideal scenario of HICs. We here employ Monte Carlo simulations to test second-order moments of pion observables as possible signatures of the critical point while taking into account some realistic ingredients, similar to the ones found in HICs. We make use of simplified models to introduce spurious contributions and dynamical effects.

20. Incoherent neutral pion photoproduction on 12C.

Science.gov (United States)

Tarbert, C M; Watts, D P; Aguar, P; Ahrens, J; Annand, J R M; Arends, H J; Beck, R; Bekrenev, V; Boillat, B; Braghieri, A; Branford, D; Briscoe, W J; Brudvik, J; Cherepnya, S; Codling, R; Downie, E J; Föhl, K; Glazier, D I; Grabmayr, P; Gregor, R; Heid, E; Hornidge, D; Jahn, O; Kashevarov, V L; Knezevic, A; Kondratiev, R; Korolija, M; Kotulla, M; Krambrich, D; Krusche, B; Lang, M; Lisin, V; Livingston, K; Lugert, S; Macgregor, I J D; Manley, D M; Martinez, M; McGeorge, J C; Mekterovic, D; Metag, V; Nefkens, B M K; Nikolaev, A; Novotny, R; Owens, R O; Pedroni, P; Polonski, A; Prakhov, S N; Price, J W; Rosner, G; Rost, M; Rostomyan, T; Schadmand, S; Schumann, S; Sober, D; Starostin, A; Supek, I; Thomas, A; Unverzagt, M; Walcher, Th; Zehr, F

2008-04-04

We present the first detailed measurement of incoherent photoproduction of neutral pions to a discrete state of a residual nucleus. The 12C(gamma,pi(0))(12)C*(4.4 MeV) reaction has been studied with the Glasgow photon tagger at MAMI employing a new technique which uses the large solid angle Crystal Ball detector both as a pi(0) spectrometer and to detect decay photons from the excited residual nucleus. The technique has potential applications to a broad range of future nuclear measurements with the Crystal Ball and similar detector systems elsewhere. Such data are sensitive to the propagation of the Delta in the nuclear medium and will give the first information on matter transition form factors from measurements with an electromagnetic probe. The incoherent cross sections are compared to two theoretical predictions including a Delta-hole model.

1. Systematics of pion double charge exchange

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gilman, R.A.

1985-10-01

Differential cross sections have been measured for pion-induced double-charge-exchange (DCX) reactions leading to double-isobaric-analog states (DIAS) and low-lying nonanalog states in the residual nuclei. A description of the experimental details and data analysis is presented. The experimentally observed systematics of reactions leading to DIAS, to nonanalog ground states, and to low-lying 2 states are described. Lowest-order optical-model calculations of DIAS DCX are compared to the data. Efforts to understand the anomalies by invoking additional reaction-mechanism amplitudes and a higher-order optical potential are described. Calculations of nonanalog DCX reactions leading to J/sup / = 0 states were performed within a distorted-wave impulse-approximation framework. The sensitivities of these calculations to input parameters are discussed. 58 refs., 41 figs., 16 tabs.

2. Dosimetry for the external radiation therapy. Dosimetry with alanine; Dosimetrie fuer die externe Strahlentherapie. Dosimetrie mit Alanin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anton, Mathias [Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig (Germany). Arbeitsgruppe ' Alanin-Dosimetrie'

2013-06-15

The alanine-ESR dosimetry in the PTB is described. The response power of alanine related to the water energy dose for X-rays with average energy of 10-1000 keV is presented. Furthermore the application of alanine for the quality assurance in the radiation therapy is described by means of the prostate irradiation and the therapy of a tumor in the neck region as examples. (HSI)

3. In-Medium Pion Valence Distributions in a Light-Front Model

CERN Document Server

de Melo, J P B C; Ahmed, I

2016-01-01

Pion valence distributions in nuclear medium and vacuum are studied in a light-front constituent quark model. The in-medium input for studying the pion properties is calculated by the quark-meson coupling model. We find that the in-medium pion valence distribution, as well as the in-medium pion valence wave function, are substantially modified at normal nuclear matter density, due to the reduction in the pion decay constant.

4. EPR Dosimetry - Present and Future

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Regulla, D.F. [GSF - National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, 85764 Neuherberg (Germany)

1999-07-01

In the past, IAEA has played a central role in stipulating research and development in EPR high-dose standardisation as well as in coordinating and organising international dose intercomparison programs, within the Member States of the United Nations from the mid-seventies till today. The future tasks of EPR dosimetry seem to tend towards different subjects such as bio markers, biological radiation effects, post-accident dose reconstruction in the environment, and retrospective human dosimetry. The latter may be considered a promising tool for epidemiology on the way to re-define radiation risk of man for chronicle radiation exposures, based on e.g. South Ural civil population and radiation workers. There are on-going international activities in the field of standardising high-level dosimetry by the American Standards on Testing and Materials (Astm), and by the International Organisation of Standards (ISO). The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) is considering the establishment of relevant recommendations concerning industrial radiation processing, but also human dose reconstruction. (Author)

5. I-124 Imaging and Dosimetry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Russ Kuker

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Although radioactive iodine imaging and therapy are one of the earliest applications of theranostics, there still remain a number of unresolved clinical questions as to the optimization of diagnostic techniques and dosimetry protocols. I-124 as a positron emission tomography (PET radiotracer has the potential to improve the current clinical practice in the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. The higher sensitivity and spatial resolution of PET/computed tomography (CT compared to standard gamma scintigraphy can aid in the detection of recurrent or metastatic disease and provide more accurate measurements of metabolic tumor volumes. However the complex decay schema of I-124 poses challenges to quantitative PET imaging. More prospective studies are needed to define optimal dosimetry protocols and to improve patient-specific treatment planning strategies, taking into account not only the absorbed dose to tumors but also methods to avoid toxicity to normal organs. A historical perspective of I-124 imaging and dosimetry as well as future concepts are discussed.

6. Dosimetry studies in Zaborie village.

Science.gov (United States)

Takada, J; Hoshi, M; Endo, S; Stepanenko, V F; Kondrashov, A E; Petin, D; Skvortsov, V; Ivannikov, A; Tikounov, D; Gavrilin, Y; Snykov, V P

2000-05-01

Dosimetry studies in Zaborie, a territory in Russia highly contaminated by the Chernobyl accident, were carried out in July, 1997. Studies on dosimetry for people are important not only for epidemiology but also for recovery of local social activity. The local contamination of the soil was measured to be 1.5-6.3 MBq/m2 of Cs-137 with 0.7-4 microSv/h of dose rate. A case study for a villager presently 40 years old indicates estimations of 72 and 269 mSv as the expected internal and external doses during 50 years starting in 1997 based on data of a whole-body measurement of Cs-137 and environmental dose rates. Mean values of accumulated external and internal doses for the period from the year 1986 till 1996 are also estimated to be 130 mSv and 16 mSv for Zaborie. The estimation of the 1986-1996 accumulated dose on the basis of large scale ESR teeth enamel dosimetry provides for this village, the value of 180 mSv. For a short term visitor from Japan to this area, external and internal dose are estimated to be 0.13 mSv/9d (during visit in 1997) and 0.024 mSv/50y (during 50 years starting from 1997), respectively.

7. Isospin breaking in the pion-nucleon scattering lengths

CERN Document Server

Hoferichter, Martin; Meißner, Ulf-G

2009-01-01

We analyze isospin breaking through quark mass differences and virtual photons in the pion-nucleon scattering lengths in all physical channels in the framework of covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory.

8. Amplitude analysis of resonant production in three pions

CERN Document Server

2016-01-01

We present some results on the analysis of three pion resonances. The analyses are motivated by the recent release of the largest data set on diffractively produced three pions by the COMPASS collaboration. We construct reaction amplitudes that satisfy fundamental $S$-matrix principles, which allows the use of models that have physical constraints to be used in fitting data. The models are motivated by the isobar model that satisfy unitarity constraints. The model consist of a Deck production amplitude with which final state interactions are constrained by unitarity. We employ the isobar model where two of the pions form a quasi-stable particle. The analysis is performed in the high-energy, single Regge limit. We specifically discuss the examples of the three pion $J^{PC}=2^{-+}$ resonance in the $\\rho\\pi$ and $f_2\\pi$ channels.

9. Charged Pion Energy Reconstruction in the ATLAS Barrel Calorimeter

CERN Document Server

Bosman, M; Nessi, Marzio

2000-01-01

The intrinsic performance of the ATLAS barrel and extended barrelcalorimeters for the measurement of charged pions is presented. Pion energyscans (E = 20, 50, 200, 400 and 1000 GeV) at two pseudo-rapidity points ($\\eta$= 0.3 and 1.3) and pseudorapidity scans ($-0.2 < \\eta < 1.8$) with pions ofconstant transverse energy ($E_T = 20$ and 50 GeV) are analysed. A simpleapproach, that accounts in first order for non-compensation and dead materialeffects, is used for the pion energy reconstruction. The intrinsic performancesof the calorimeter are studied: resolution, linearity, effect of dead material,tails in the energy distribution. The effect of electronic noise, cell energycuts and restricted cone size are investigated.

10. Amplitude analysis of resonant production in three pions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jackura Andrew

2016-01-01

Full Text Available We present some results on the analysis of three pion resonances. The analyses are motivated by the recent release of the largest data set on diffractively produced three pions by the COMPASS collaboration. We construct reaction amplitudes that satisfy fundamental S -matrix principles, which allows the use of models that have physical constraints to be used in fitting data. The models are motivated by the isobar model that satisfy unitarity constraints. The model consist of a Deck production amplitude with which final state interactions are constrained by unitarity. We employ the isobar model where two of the pions form a quasi-stable particle. The analysis is performed in the high-energy, single Regge limit. We specifically discuss the examples of the three pion JPC = 2−+ resonance in the ρπ and f2π channels.

11. On the role of secondary pions in spallation targets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mancusi, Davide [Paris-Saclay Univ., Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Den-Service d' Etude des Reacteurs et de Mathematiques Appliquees (SERMA); Lo Meo, Sergio [ENEA, Research Centre ' ' Ezio Clementel' ' , Bologna (Italy); INFN, Bologna (Italy); Colonna, Nicola [INFN, Bari (Italy); Boudard, Alain; David, Jean-Christophe; Leray, Sylvie [Paris-Saclay Univ., Gif-sur-Yvette (France). IRFU, CEA; Cortes-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio; Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge [Sevilla Univ. (Spain). Facultad de Fisica; Cugnon, Joseph [Liege Univ. (Belgium). AGO Dept.; Massimi, Cristian [INFN, Bologna (Italy); Bologna Univ. (Italy). Physics and Astronomy Dept.; Vlachoudis, Vasilis [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)

2017-05-15

We use particle-transport simulations to show that secondary pions play a crucial role for the development of the hadronic cascade and therefore for the production of neutrons and photons from thick spallation targets. In particular, for the nTOF lead spallation target, irradiated with 20 GeV/c protons, neutral pions are involved in the production of ∝ 90% of the high-energy photons; charged pions participate in ∝ 40% of the integral neutron yield. Nevertheless, photon and neutron yields are shown to be relatively insensitive to large changes of the average pion multiplicity in the individual spallation reactions. We characterize this robustness as a peculiar property of hadronic cascades in thick targets. (orig.)

12. Dynamical model of electroweak pion production in the resonance region

CERN Document Server

Sato, T; Kubodera, K; Lee, T S H

2006-01-01

In this report, we will briefly review the dynamical model of pion electroweak production reactions in the $\\Delta$ resonance region and report on our study of neutrino-nucleus reactions based on this model.

13. Cumulative pion production via successive collisions in nuclear medium

CERN Document Server

Motornenko, A

2016-01-01

Production of pions in proton-nucleus (p+A) reactions outside of a kinematical boundary of proton-nucleon collisions, the so-called cumulative effect, is studied. The kinematical restrictions on pions emitted in backward direction in the target rest frame are analyzed. It is shown that cumulative pion production requires a presence of massive baryonic resonances that are produced during successive collisions of projectile with nuclear nucleons. After each successive collision the mass of created resonance may increase and, simultaneously, its longitudinal velocity decreases. Simulations within Ultra relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model reveals that successive collisions of baryonic resonances with nuclear nucleons plays the dominant role in cumulative pion production in p+A reactions.

14. Quark and pion effective couplings from polarization effects

CERN Document Server

Braghin, Fabio L

2016-01-01

A flavor SU(2) effective model for pions and quarks is derived by considering polarization effects departing from the usual quark-quark effective interaction induced by dressed gluon exchange, i.e. a global color model for QCD. For that, the quark field is decomposed into a component that yields light mesons and the quark-antiquark condensate, being integrated out by means of the auxiliary field method, and another component which yields constituent quarks. Within a longwavelength and weak quark field expansion (or large quark effective mass expansion) of a quark determinant, the leading terms are found up to the second order in a zero order derivative expansion, by neglecting vector mesons that are considerably heavier than the pion. Pions are considered in the structureless limit and, besides the chiral invariant pion self interaction terms that reproduce previously derived expressions, symmetry breaking terms are also presented. The leading chiral quark-quark effective couplings are also found correspondin...

15. Study of $\\tau$ Decays to Six Pions and Neutrino

CERN Document Server

Anastassov, A; Eckhart, E; Gan, K K; Gwon, C; Hart, T; Honscheid, K; Hufnagel, D; Kagan, H; Kass, R; Pedlar, T K; Schwarthoff, H; Thayer, J B; Von Törne, E; Zoeller, M M; Richichi, S J; Severini, H; Skubic, P L; Undrus, A; Chen, S; Fast, J; Hinson, J W; Lee, J; Miller, D H; Shibata, E I; Shipsey, I P J; Pavlunin, V; Cronin-Hennessy, D; Lyon, A L; Thorndike, E H; Jessop, C P; Savinov, V; Coan, T E; Fadeev, V; Maravin, Y; Narsky, I; Stroynowski, R; Ye, J; Wlodek, T; Artuso, M; Ayad, R; Boulahouache, C; Bukin, K; Dambasuren, E; Karamov, S; Majumder, G; Moneti, G C; Mountain, R; Schuh, S; Skwarnicki, T; Stone, S; Viehhauser, G; Wang, J C; Wolf, A; Wu, J; Kopp, S E; Mahmood, A H; Csorna, S E; Danko, I; McLean, K W; Xu, Z; Godang, R; Bonvicini, G; Cinabro, D; Dubrovin, M; McGee, S; Zhou, G J; Lipeles, E; Pappas, S P; Schmidtler, M; Shapiro, A; Sun, W M; Weinstein, A J; Würthwein, F; Jaffe, D E; Masek, G E; Paar, H P; Potter, E M; Prell, S; Asner, D M; Eppich, A; Hill, T S; Morrison, R J; Briere, R A; Chen, G P; Ford, W T; Gritsan, A; Roy, J D; Smith, J G; Alexander, J P; Baker, R; Bebek, C; Berger, B E; Berkelman, K; Blanc, F; Boisvert, V; Cassel, David G; Drell, P S; Ecklund, K M; Ehrlich, R; Foland, A D; Gaidarev, P B; Galik, R S; Gibbons, L K; Gittelman, B; Gray, S W; Hartill, D L; Heltsley, B K; Hopman, P I; Hsu, L; Jones, C D; Kreinick, D L; Lohner, M; Magerkurth, A; Meyer, T O; Mistry, N B; Nordberg, E; Patterson, J R; Peterson, D; Riley, D; Romano, A; Thayer, J G; Urner, D; Valant-Spaight, B L; Warburton, A; Avery, P; Prescott, C; Rubiera, A I; Stöck, H; Yelton, J; Brandenburg, G; Ershov, A; Gao, Y S; Kim, D Y J; Wilson, R; Bergfeld, T; Eisenstein, B I; Ernst, J; Gladding, G E; Gollin, G D; Hans, R M; Johnson, E; Karliner, I; Marsh, M A; Palmer, M; Plager, C; Sedlack, C; Selen, M; Thaler, J J; Williams, J; Edwards, K W; Janicek, R; Patel, P M; Sadoff, A J; Ammar, R; Bean, A; Besson, D; Zhao, X; Anderson, S; Frolov, V V; Kubota, Y; Lee, S J; Mahapatra, R; O'Neill, J J; Poling, R A; Riehle, T; Smith, A; Stepaniak, C J; Urheim, J; Ahmed, S; Alam, M S; Athar, S B; Jian, L; Ling, L; Saleem, M; Timm, S; Wappler, F

2001-01-01

The $\\tau$ decays to six-pion final states have been studied with the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring. The measured branching fractions are ${\\cal B}(\\tau^-\\to 2\\pi^-\\pi^+3\\pi^0\ 16. On the role of secondary pions in spallation targets CERN Document Server Mancusi, Davide; Colonna, Nicola; Boudard, Alain; Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio; Cugnon, Joseph; David, Jean-Christophe; Leray, Sylvie; Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge; Massimi, Cristian; Vlachoudis, Vasilis 2016-01-01 We use particle-transport simulations to show that secondary pions play a crucial role for the development of the hadronic cascade and therefore for the production of neutrons and photons from thick spallation targets. In particular, for the n_TOF lead spallation target, irradiated with 20-GeV/c protons, neutral pions are involved in the production of ~90% of the high-energy photons; charged pions participate in ~40% of the integral neutron yield. Nevertheless, photon and neutron yields are shown to be relatively insensitive to large changes of the average pion multiplicity in the individual spallation reactions. We characterize this robustness as a peculiar property of hadronic cascades in thick targets. 17. Roy-Steiner-equation analysis of pion-nucleon scattering Science.gov (United States) Meißner, U.-G.; Ruiz de Elvira, J.; Hoferichter, M.; Kubis, B. 2017-03-01 Low-energy pion-nucleon scattering is relevant for many areas in nuclear and hadronic physics, ranging from the scalar couplings of the nucleon to the long-range part of two-pion-exchange potentials and three-nucleon forces in Chiral Effective Field Theory. In this talk, we show how the fruitful combination of dispersion-theoretical methods, in particular in the form of Roy-Steiner equations, with modern high-precision data on hadronic atoms allows one to determine the pion-nucleon scattering amplitudes at low energies with unprecedented accuracy. Special attention will be paid to the extraction of the pion-nucleon σ-term, and we discuss in detail the current tension with recent lattice results, as well as the determination of the low-energy constants of chiral perturbation theory.c 18. Amplitude analysis of resonant production in three pions Science.gov (United States) Jackura, Andrew; Mikhasenko, Mikhail; Szczepaniak, Adam 2016-11-01 We present some results on the analysis of three pion resonances. The analyses are motivated by the recent release of the largest data set on diffractively produced three pions by the COMPASS collaboration. We construct reaction amplitudes that satisfy fundamental S -matrix principles, which allows the use of models that have physical constraints to be used in fitting data. The models are motivated by the isobar model that satisfy unitarity constraints. The model consist of a Deck production amplitude with which final state interactions are constrained by unitarity. We employ the isobar model where two of the pions form a quasi-stable particle. The analysis is performed in the high-energy, single Regge limit. We specifically discuss the examples of the three pion JPC = 2-+ resonance in the ρπ and f2π channels. 19. Amplitude analysis of resonant production in three pions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Jackura, Andrew [Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States); Mikhasenko, Mikhail [Univ. of Bonn (Germany); Szczepaniak, Adam [Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States) 2016-11-29 We present some results on the analysis of three pion resonances. The analyses are motivated by the recent release of the largest data set on diffractively produced three pions by the COMPASS collaboration. We construct reaction amplitudes that satisfy fundamental$S$-matrix principles, which allows the use of models that have physical constraints to be used in fitting data. The models are motivated by the isobar model that satisfy unitarity constraints. The model consist of a Deck production amplitude with which final state interactions are constrained by unitarity. We employ the isobar model where two of the pions form a quasi-stable particle. The analysis is performed in the high-energy, single Regge limit. We specifically discuss the examples of the three pion$J^{PC}=2^{-+}$resonance in the$\\rho\\pi$and$f_2\\pi$channels. 20. Spin effects in the pion holographic light-front wavefunction CERN Document Server Ahmady, Mohammad; Sandapen, Ruben 2016-01-01 We account for dynamical spin effects in the holographic light-front wavefunction of the pion in order to predict its mean charge radius, decay constant, spacelike electromagnetic form factor, twist-2 Distribution Amplitude and the photon-to-pion transition form factor. Using a universal fundamental AdS/QCD scale of 523 MeV and a constituent quark mass of 330 MeV, we find a remarkable improvement in describing all observables. 1. Coulomb dissociation of a fast pion into two jets CERN Document Server Ivanov, D Yu 2001-01-01 We calculate the electromagnetic contribution to the scattering amplitude of pion diffractive dissociation into di-jets which is described by one photon exchange. The result shows that the factorization procedure known for the description of exclusive reactions holds also for this quasi-exclusive process. We find that the longitudinal momentum distribution of di-jets does not depend on the form of the pion distribution amplitude. We discuss the magnitude of the cross section. 2. Determination of the pion and kaon structure functions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Aitkenhead, W.; Barton, D.S.; Brandenburg, G.W.; Busza, W.; Dobrowolski, T.; Friedman, J.I.; Kendall, H.W.; Lyons, T.; Nelson, B.; Rosenson, L.; Toy, W.; Verdier, R.; Votta, L.; Chiaradia, M.T.; DeMarzo, C.; Favuzzi, C.; Germinario, G.; Guerriero, L.; LaVopa, P.; Maggi, G.; Posa, F.; Selvaggi, G.; Spinelli, P.; Waldner, F.; Brenner, A.E.; Carey, D.C.; Elias, J.E.; Garbincius, P.H.; Mikenberg, G.; Polychronakos, V.A.; Meunier, R.; Cutts, D.; Dulude, R.S.; Lanou, R.E. Jr.; Massimo, J.T. 1980-07-21 Quark structure functions have been extracted from low-p/sub T/ inclusive hadron production data for the pion and kaon with use of the recombination model. n/sup ..pi../=1.0 +- 0.1 and n/sup K/=2.5 +- 0.6 is obtained, where n is the leading (1-x) power of the nonstrange--valence-quark distribution. Both the pion and kaon nonstrange--sea-quark functions have napprox. =3.5. 3. Di-photon resonance and Dark Matter as heavy pions CERN Document Server Redi, Michele; Tesi, Andrea; Vigiani, Elena 2016-05-13 We analyse confining gauge theories where the 750 GeV di-photon resonance is a composite techni-pion that undergoes anomalous decays into SM vectors. These scenarios naturally contain accidentally stable techni-pions Dark Matter candidates. The di-photon resonance can acquire a larger width by decaying into Dark Matter through the CP-violating$\\theta$-term of the new gauge theory reproducing the cosmological Dark Matter density as thermal relic. 4. The Onset of Quark-Hadron Duality in Pion Electroproduction CERN Document Server Navasardyan, T; Ahmidouch, A; Angelescu, T; Arrington, J; Asaturyan, R; Baker, O K; Benmouna, N; Bertoncini, C; Blok, H P; Bosted, P E; Breuer, H; Böglin, W; Christy, M E; Connell, S H; Cui, Y; Dalton, M M; Danagulyan, S; Day, D; Dodario, T; Dunne, J A; Dutta, D; Ent, R; Fenker, H C; Frolov, V V; Gan, L; Gaskell, D; Hafidi, K; Hinton, W; Holt, R J; Horn, T; Huber, G M; Hungerford, E; Jiang, X; Jones, M; Joo, K; Kalantarians, N; Kelly, J J; Keppel, C E; Khayari, N E; Kinney, E R; Kubarovski, V; Li, Y; Liang, Y; Malace, S; Markowitz, P; McGrath, E; McKee, P; Meekins, D G; Mkrtchyan, H; Moziak, B; Niculescu, G; Niculescu, I; Opper, A K; Ostapenko, T; Reimer, P; Reinhold, J; Roche, J; Rock, S E; Schulte, E; Segbefia, E; Smith, C; Smith, G R; Stoler, P; Tadevosyan, V; Tang, L; Ungaro, M; Uzzle, A; Vidakovic, S; Villano, A; Vulcan, W F; Wang, M; Warren, G; Wesselmann, F; Wojtsekhowski, B; Wood, S A; Xu, C; Yuan, L; Zheng, X; Zhu, H 2007-01-01 A large data set of charged-pion electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets has been obtained spanning the low-energy residual-mass region. These data conclusively show the onset of the quark-hadron duality phenomenon, as predicted for high-energy hadron electroproduction. We construct several ratios from these data to exhibit the relation of this phenomenon to the high-energy factorization ansatz of electron-quark scattering and subsequent quark-to- pion production mechanisms. 5. The Electromagnetic Mass Differences of Pions and Kaons CERN Document Server Donoghue, J F; Donoghue, John F.; Perez, Antonio F. 1997-01-01 We use the Cottingham method to calculate the pion and kaon electromagnetic mass differences with as few model dependent inputs as possible. The constraints of chiral symmetry at low energy, QCD at high energy and experimental data in between are used in the dispersion relation. We find excellent agreement with experiment for the pion mass difference. The kaon mass difference exhibits a strong violation of the lowest order prediction of Dashen's theorem, in qualitative agreement with several other recent calculations. 6. Effects of Nonlocal One-Pion-Exchange Potential in Deuteron OpenAIRE Forest, J. L. 1999-01-01 The off-shell aspects of the one-pion-exchange potential (OPEP) are discussed. Relativistic Hamiltonians containing relativistic kinetic energy, relativistic OPEP with various off-shell behaviors and Argonne$v_{18}$short-range parameterization are used to study the deuteron properties. The OPEP off-shell behaviors depend on whether a pseudovector or pseudoscalar pion-nucleon coupling is used and are characterized by a parameter$\\mu$. We study potentials having$\\mu$=-1, 0 and +1 and we fin... 7. The transverse spin structure of the pion at short distances Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Diehl, Markus [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Szymanowski, Lech [Soltan Inst. for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw (Poland); Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau (France). Centre de Physique Theorique; Paris-Sud Univ., CNRS, Orsay (France). Lab. de Physique Theorique 2010-03-15 We study the form factors of the quark tensor currents in the pion at large squared momentum transfer Q{sup 2}. It turns out that certain form factors can be evaluated using collinear factorization, whereas others receive important contributions from the end-point regions of the longitudinal quark momenta in the pion. We derive simple analytic expressions for the dominant terms at high Q{sup 2} and illustrate them numerically. (orig.) 8. Stopping pions in high-energy nuclear cascades. Science.gov (United States) Jones, W. V.; Johnson, D. P.; Thompson, J. A. 1973-01-01 Results of Monte Carlo calculations for the number and energy spectra of charged pions from nuclear-electromagnetic cascades developing in rock are presented for primary hadron energies ranging from 3 to 3000 GeV. These spectra are given as functions of the longitudinal depth in the absorber and the lateral distance from the cascade axis. The number of charged pions which stop in the absorber increases with the primary energy of the hadron initiating the cascade. 9. HBT correlations and charge ratios in multiple production of pions CERN Document Server Bialas, A 1999-01-01 The influence of the HBT effect on the multiplicity distribution and charge ratios of independently produced pions is studied. It is shown that, for a wide class of models, there is a critical point, where the average number of pions becomes very large and the multiplicity distibution becomes very broad. In this regime unusual charge ratios ("centauros", "anticentauros") are strongly enhanced. The prospects for reaching this regime are discussed. 10. Di-photon resonance and Dark Matter as heavy pions CERN Document Server Redi, Michele; Tesi, Andrea; Vigiani, Elena 2016-01-01 We analyse confining gauge theories where the 750 GeV di-photon resonance is a composite techni-pion that undergoes anomalous decays into SM vectors. These scenarios naturally contain accidentally stable techni-pions Dark Matter candidates. The di-photon resonance can acquire a larger width by decaying into Dark Matter through the CP-violating$\\theta$-term of the new gauge theory reproducing the cosmological Dark Matter density as thermal relic. 11. The transverse spin structure of the pion at short distances CERN Document Server Diehl, Markus 2010-01-01 We study the form factors of the quark tensor currents in the pion at large squared momentum transfer Q^2. It turns out that certain form factors can be evaluated using collinear factorization, whereas others receive important contributions from the end-point regions of the longitudinal quark momenta in the pion. We derive simple analytic expressions for the dominant terms at high Q^2 and illustrate them numerically. 12. Dosimetry requirements derived from the sterilization standards DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Miller, A. 1998-01-01 The main standards for radiation sterilization, ISO 11137 and EN 552, rest the documentation for the properly executed sterilization process on dosimetry. Both standards describe general requirements to the dosimetry system: The dose measurements must be traceable to national standards, the uncer... 13. Pion transverse charge density from timelike form factor data Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Gerald Miller, Mark Strikman, Christian Weiss 2011-01-01 The transverse charge density in the pion can be represented as a dispersion integral of the imaginary part of the pion form factor in the timelike region. This formulation incorporates information from e+e- annihilation experiments and allows one to reconstruct the transverse density much more accurately than from the spacelike pion form factor data alone. We calculate the transverse density using an empirical parametrization of the timelike pion form factor and estimate that it is determined to an accuracy of ~10% at a distance b ~ 0.1 fm, and significantly better at larger distances. The density is found to be close to that obtained from a zero-width rho meson pole over a wide range and shows a pronounced rise at small distances. The resulting two-dimensional image of the fast-moving pion can be interpreted in terms of its partonic structure in QCD. We argue that the singular behavior of the charge density at the center requires a substantial presence of pointlike configurations in the pion's partonic wave function, which can be probed in other high-momentum transfer processes. 14. Single pion electro- and neutrino production on heavy targets Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Paschos, E. A. [Theoretische Physik III, University of Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund (Germany); Schienbein, I. [Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Universite Joseph Fourier/CNRS-IN2P3, 53 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble (France); Yu, J.Y. [Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275 (United States) 2007-04-15 We present a calculation of single pion electroproduction cross sections on heavy targets in the kinematic region of the {delta}(1232) resonance. Final state interactions of the pions are taken into account using the pion multiple scattering model of Adler, Nussinov and Paschos (ANP model). For electroproduction and neutral current reactions we obtain results for carbon, oxygen, argon and iron targets and find a significant reduction of the W-spectra for {pi}{sup 0} as compared to the free nucleon case. On the other hand, the charged pion spectra are only little affected by final state interactions. Measurements of such cross sections with the CLAS detector at JLAB could help to improve our understanding of pion rescattering effects and serve as important/valuable input for calculations of single pion neutrino production on heavy targets relevant for current and future long baseline neutrino experiments. Two ratios, in Eq. (3.8) and (3.10), will test important properties of the model. (authors) 15. Pion Electromagnetic Form Factor in Virtuality Distribution Formalism CERN Document Server Radyushkin, A V 2015-01-01 We discuss two applications of the {\\it Virtuality Distribution Amplitudes} (VDA) formalism developed in our recent papers. We start with an overview of the main properties of the pion distribution amplitude emphasizing the quantitative measures of its width, and possibility to access them through the pion transition form factor studies. We formulate the basic concepts of the VDA approach and introduce the pion transverse momentum distribution amplitude (TMDA) which plays, in a covariant Lagrangian formulation, a role similar to that of the pion wave function in the 3-dimensional Hamiltonian light-front approach. We propose simple factorized models for soft TMDAs, and use them to describe existing data on the pion transition form factor, thus fixing the scale determining the size of the transverse-momentum effects. Finally, we apply the VDA approach to the one-gluon exchange contribution for the pion electromagnetic form factor. We observe a very late$Q^2 \\gtrsim 20$GeV$^2$onset of transition to the asympt... 16. Gravitational wave from dark sector with dark pion Science.gov (United States) Tsumura, Koji; Yamada, Masatoshi; Yamaguchi, Yuya 2017-07-01 In this work, we investigate the spectra of gravitational waves produced by chiral symmetry breaking in dark quantum chromodynamics (dQCD) sector. The dark pion (π) can be a dark matter candidate as weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) or strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP). For a WIMP scenario, we introduce the dQCD sector coupled to the standard model (SM) sector with classical scale invariance and investigate the annihilation process of the dark pion via the 2π → 2 SM process. For a SIMP scenario, we investigate the 3π → 2π annihilation process of the dark pion as a SIMP using chiral perturbation theory. We find that in the WIMP scenario the gravitational wave background spectra can be observed by future space gravitational wave antennas. On the other hand, when the dark pion is the SIMP dark matter with the constraints for the chiral perturbative limit and pion-pion scattering cross section, the chiral phase transition becomes crossover and then the gravitational waves are not produced. 17. Neutrino induced weak pion production off the nucleon and coherent pion production in nuclei at low energies CERN Document Server Amaro, J E; Nieves, J; Valverde, M; Vicente-Vacas, M J 2009-01-01 We present a microscopic model for neutrino induced one-pion production off the nucleon and its implementation for the purpose of calculating coherent pion production in nuclei. We further criticize the use of the Rein--Sehgal model for coherent pion production by low energy neutrinos. In particular, we show how the approximations in that model give rise to a much flatter differential cross section in the$\\eta=E_\\pi(1-\\cos\\theta_\\pi)$variable. We discuss the limitations intrinsic to any approach based on the partial conservation of the axial current hypothesis and the inability of such models to properly determine the angular distribution of the outgoing pion with respect to the direction of the incoming neutrino. We show the effects of those limitation for the case of the$\\frac{d\\sigma}{d\\eta}$differential cross section. 18. ESR dosimetry using eggshells and tooth enamel for accidental dosimetry Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Oka, Toshihide; Yamanaka, Chihiro; Ikeya, Motoji [Department of Earth and Space Science, Faculty of Science, Osaka Univ., Toyonaka, Osaka (Japan) 1997-07-01 The CO{sub 2}{sup -} signal of eggshells showed a good dose linearity and was appropriate in the wide dose range from 1 to 10 kGy, while ESR signal of CO{sub 2}{sup -} in sea and fresh water shells were saturated at a dose od below 10 kGy. The minimum detectable dose and G-value of CO{sub 2}{sup -} in eggshells were estimated 0.3 Gy and 0.28, respectively. The lifetime of CO{sub 2}{sup -} in eggshells could not be determined exactly because of overlapping organic signals, however it is still sufficiently long for practical use as ESR dosimeter materials. Various birds or reptiles eggshells would be available as natural retrospective ESR dosimeter materials after nuclear accidents. Eggshells will be useful for the food irradiation dosimetry in the dose range of about a few kGy. Tooth enamel is one of the most useful dosimeter materials in public at a accident because of its high sensitivity. ESR dosimetry will replace TLD in near future if the cost of an ESR reader is further reduced . (author) 19. Radiation dosimetry by potassium feldspar Indian Academy of Sciences (India) Arun Pandya; S G Vaijapurkar; P K Bhatnagar 2000-04-01 The thermoluminescence (TL) properties of raw and annealed feldspar have been studied for their use in gamma dosimetry. The raw gamma exposed feldspar shows glow peaks at 120°C and 319°C. Gamma dose beyond 500 cGy can be measured without any significant fading even after 40 days of termination of exposure. The annealed feldspar shows a glow peak at 120°C after gamma exposure. This peak can be used to measure gamma doses beyond 25 cGy when the TL is measured after 24 h from termination of exposure. 20. Relocation of the Dosimetry Service CERN Multimedia 2007-01-01 The Dosimetry Service is moving from Building 24 to Building 55 and will therefore be closed on Friday, 30 March. From Monday, 2 April onwards you will find us in Building 55/1-001. Please note that we cannot exclude problems with Internet connections on that day and are therefore unable to guarantee normal service. The Service's opening hours and telephone number will not change as a result of the move: Open from 8.30 - 12.00. Closed in the afternoons. Tel. 7 2155 1. Two-pion interferometry at small relative momentum for pion sources with transverse and longitudinal expansions in relativistic heavy ion collisions Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Chen Xiao-Fan; Yang Xue-Dong; Hah Ling 2004-01-01 A two-pion correlation function at small relative momentum for pion sources with transverse and longitudinal expansions in relativistic heavy ion collisions is obtained using two-pion interferometry at small relative momentum,and the relations between the real and apparent parameters of the pion source are given. The relations can be used to extract both the temperature and the transverse and longitudinal expansion velocities of pion sources and to verify the correctness of relativistic transformation T' = T√1- v2 of temperature in relativistic statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. 2. Pion Form Factor in Chiral Limit of Hard-Wall AdS/QCD Model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Anatoly Radyushkin; Hovhannes Grigoryan 2007-12-01 We develop a formalism to calculate form factor and charge density distribution of pion in the chiral limit using the holographic dual model of QCD with hard-wall cutoff. We introduce two conjugate pion wave functions and present analytic expressions for these functions and for the pion form factor. They allow to relate such observables as the pion decay constant and the pion charge electric radius to the values of chiral condensate and hard-wall cutoff scale. The evolution of the pion form factor to large values of the momentum transfer is discussed, and results are compared to existing experimental data. 3. Nucleon polarisabilities at and beyond physical pion masses Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Griesshammer, Harald W. [The George Washington University, Institute for Nuclear Studies, Department of Physics, Washington, DC (United States); McGovern, Judith A. [The University of Manchester, School of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester (United Kingdom); Phillips, Daniel R. [Ohio University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Athens, OH (United States) 2016-05-15 We examine the results of Chiral Effective Field Theory (χEFT) for the scalar- and spin-dipole polarisabilities of the proton and neutron, both for the physical pion mass and as a function of m{sub π}. This provides chiral extrapolations for lattice QCD polarisability computations. We include both the leading and subleading effects of the nucleon's pion cloud, as well as the leading ones of the Δ (1232)-resonance and its pion cloud. The analytic results are complete at N{sup 2}LO in the δ counting for pion masses close to the physical value, and at leading order for pion masses similar to the Delta-nucleon mass splitting. In order to quantify the truncation error of our predictions and fits as 68% degree-of-belief intervals, we use a Bayesian procedure recently adapted to EFT expansions. At the physical point, our predictions for the spin polarisabilities are, within respective errors, in good agreement with alternative extractions using experiments and dispersion-relation theory. At larger pion masses we find that the chiral expansion of all polarisabilities becomes intrinsically unreliable as m{sub π} approaches about 300 MeV -as has already been seen in other observables. χEFT also predicts a substantial isospin splitting above the physical point for both the electric and magnetic scalar polarisabilities; and we speculate on the impact this has on the stability of nucleons. Our results agree very well with emerging lattice computations in the realm where χEFT converges. Curiously, for the central values of some of our predictions, this agreement persists to much higher pion masses. We speculate on whether this might be more than a fortuitous coincidence. (orig.) 4. Valence-quark distribution functions in the kaon and pion Science.gov (United States) Chen, Chen; Chang, Lei; Roberts, Craig D.; Wan, Shaolong; Zong, Hong-Shi 2016-04-01 We describe expressions for pion and kaon dressed-quark distribution functions that incorporate contributions from gluons which bind quarks into these mesons and hence overcome a flaw of the commonly used handbag approximation. The distributions therewith obtained are purely valence in character, ensuring that dressed quarks carry all the meson's momentum at a characteristic hadronic scale and vanish as (1 -x )2 when Bjorken-x →1 . Comparing such distributions within the pion and kaon, it is apparent that the size of S U (3 ) -flavor symmetry breaking in meson parton distribution functions is modulated by the flavor dependence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Corrections to these leading-order formulas may be divided into two classes, responsible for shifting dressed-quark momentum into glue and sea quarks. Working with available empirical information, we build an algebraic framework that is capable of expressing the principal impact of both classes of corrections. This enables a realistic comparison with experiment which allows us to identify and highlight basic features of measurable pion and kaon valence-quark distributions. We find that whereas roughly two thirds of the pion's light-front momentum is carried by valence dressed quarks at a characteristic hadronic scale; this fraction rises to 95% in the kaon; evolving distributions with these features to a scale typical of available Drell-Yan data produces a kaon-to-pion ratio of u -quark distributions that is in agreement with the single existing data set, and predicts a u -quark distribution within the pion that agrees with a modern reappraisal of π N Drell-Yan data. Precise new data are essential in order to validate this reappraisal and because a single modest-quality measurement of the kaon-to-pion ratio cannot be considered definitive. 5. An Automated Biological Dosimetry System Science.gov (United States) Lorch, T.; Bille, J.; Frieben, M.; Stephan, G. 1986-04-01 The scoring of structural chromosome aberrations in peripheral human blood lymphocytes can be used in biological dosimetry to estimate the radiation dose which an individual has received. Especially the dicentric chromosome is a rather specific indicator for an exposure to ionizing radiation. For statistical reasons, in the low dose range a great number of cells must be analysed, which is a very tedious task. The resulting high cost of a biological dose estimation limits the application of this method to cases of suspected irradiation for which physical dosimetry is not possible or not sufficient. Therefore an automated system has been designed to do the major part of the routine work. It uses a standard light microscope with motorized scanning stage, a Plumbicon TV-camera, a real-time hardware preprocessor, a binary and a grey level image buffer system. All computations are performed by a very powerful multi-microprocessor-system (POLYP) based on a MIMD-architecture. The task of the automated system can be split in finding the metaphases (see Figure 1) at low microscope magnification and scoring dicentrics at high magnification. The metaphase finding part has been completed and is now in routine use giving good results. The dicentric scoring part is still under development. 6. Path forward for dosimetry cross sections Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Griffin, P.J. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1146 (United States); Peters, C.D. [Sandia Staffing Alliance, Albuquerque, NM 87110 (United States) 2011-07-01 In the 1980's the dosimetry community embraced the need for a high fidelity quantification of uncertainty in nuclear data used for dosimetry applications. This led to the adoption of energy-dependent covariance matrices as the accepted manner of quantifying the uncertainty data. The trend for the dosimetry community to require high fidelity treatment of uncertainty estimates has continued to the current time where requirements on nuclear data are codified in standards such as ASTM E 1018. This paper surveys the current state of the dosimetry cross sections and investigates the quality of the current dosimetry cross section evaluations by examining calculated-to-experimental ratios in neutron benchmark fields. In recent years more nuclear-related technical areas are placing an emphasis on uncertainty quantification. With the availability of model-based cross sections and covariance matrices produced by nuclear data codes, some nuclear-related communities are considering the role these covariance matrices should play. While funding within the dosimetry community for cross section evaluations has been very meager, other areas, such as the solar-related astrophysics community and the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program, have been supporting research in the area of neutron cross sections. The Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) is responsible for the creation and maintenance of the ENDF/B library which has been the mainstay for the reactor dosimetry community. Given the new trends in cross section evaluations, this paper explores the path forward for the US nuclear reactor dosimetry community and its use of the ENDF/B cross-sections. The major concern is maintenance of the sufficiency and accuracy of the uncertainty estimate when used for dosimetry applications. The two major areas of deficiency in the proposed ENDF/B approach are: 1) the use of unrelated covariance matrices in ENDF/B evaluations and 2) the lack of 'due consideration' of 7. Introduction to radiological physics and radiation dosimetry CERN Document Server Attix, Frank Herbert 2004-01-01 A straightforward presentation of the broad concepts underlying radiological physics and radiation dosimetry for the graduate-level student. Covers photon and neutron attenuation, radiation and charged particle equilibrium, interactions of photons and charged particles with matter, radiotherapy dosimetry, as well as photographic, calorimetric, chemical, and thermoluminescence dosimetry. Includes many new derivations, such as Kramers X-ray spectrum, as well as topics that have not been thoroughly analyzed in other texts, such as broad-beam attenuation and geometrics, and the reciprocity theorem 8. Nucleon Polarisabilities at and Beyond Physical Pion Masses CERN Document Server Griesshammer, Harald W; Phillips, Daniel R 2015-01-01 We examine the results of Chiral Effective Field Theory ($\\chi$EFT) for the scalar and spin-dipole polarisabilities of the proton and neutron for the physical pion mass and as a function of$m_\\pi$, thereby providing chiral extrapolations for lattice-QCD polarisability computations. We include both the leading and sub-leading effects of the nucleon's pion cloud, as well as the leading ones of the$\\Delta(1232)$resonance and its pion cloud. The analytic results are complete at N${}^2$LO in the$\\delta$-counting for pion masses close to the physical value, and at leading order for pion masses similar to the Delta-nucleon mass splitting. In order to quantify the truncation error of our predictions and fits as 68% degree-of-belief confidence intervals, we use a Bayesian procedure recently adapted to EFT expansions. At the physical point, our predictions for the spin polarisabilities are, within respective errors, in good agreement with alternative extractions using experiments and dispersion-relation theory. At ... 9. Comparisons of pion simulations for the MOLLER experiment Science.gov (United States) Lunde, Dominic; Moller Collaboration 2016-09-01 The MOLLER experiment at Jefferson Lab will measure the parity-violating asymmetry in Møller scattering, the scattering of electrons from electrons. A precise measurement of this parity-violating asymmetry will allow us to determine the weak charge of the electron with a precision that improves over the E158 experiment at SLAC. The experiment will scatter electrons from a 11 GeV beam from atomic electrons in a liquid hydrogen target. The detected particles will include inelastically produced pions, which will be a background to our measurements. In this work we investigate the validity and accuracy of two available pion physics models in order to estimate the uncertainty in the size of the pion background in the simulation. Currently there are two methods of pion models implemented. The LUND model is based on the Pythia event generator and has been used with success in simulations for the SoLID experiment. The Wiser model is based on data from previous pion scattering experiments. Comparison of the rates, cross sections, particle momentum, scattering angles, and other parameters show that both models produce consistent results for the parameters that were studied in this work, within the range of energies and scattering angles of interest to the MOLLER experiment. The work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. PHY-1359364 and PHY-1405857. 10. Sketching the pion's valence-quark generalised parton distribution Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) C. Mezrag 2015-02-01 Full Text Available In order to learn effectively from measurements of generalised parton distributions (GPDs, it is desirable to compute them using a framework that can potentially connect empirical information with basic features of the Standard Model. We sketch an approach to such computations, based upon a rainbow-ladder (RL truncation of QCD's Dyson–Schwinger equations and exemplified via the pion's valence dressed-quark GPD, Hπv(x,ξ,t. Our analysis focuses primarily on ξ=0, although we also capitalise on the symmetry-preserving nature of the RL truncation by connecting Hπv(x,ξ=±1,t with the pion's valence-quark parton distribution amplitude. We explain that the impulse-approximation used hitherto to define the pion's valence dressed-quark GPD is generally invalid owing to omission of contributions from the gluons which bind dressed-quarks into the pion. A simple correction enables us to identify a practicable improvement to the approximation for Hπv(x,0,t, expressed as the Radon transform of a single amplitude. Therewith we obtain results for Hπv(x,0,t and the associated impact-parameter dependent distribution, qπv(x,|b→⊥|, which provide a qualitatively sound picture of the pion's dressed-quark structure at a hadronic scale. We evolve the distributions to a scale ζ=2 GeV, so as to facilitate comparisons in future with results from experiment or other nonperturbative methods. 11. Basic features of the pion valence-quark distribution function Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Lei Chang 2014-10-01 Full Text Available The impulse-approximation expression used hitherto to define the pion's valence-quark distribution function is flawed because it omits contributions from the gluons which bind quarks into the pion. A corrected leading-order expression produces the model-independent result that quarks dressed via the rainbow–ladder truncation, or any practical analogue, carry all the pion's light-front momentum at a characteristic hadronic scale. Corrections to the leading contribution may be divided into two classes, responsible for shifting dressed-quark momentum into glue and sea-quarks. Working with available empirical information, we use an algebraic model to express the principal impact of both classes of corrections. This enables a realistic comparison with experiment that allows us to highlight the basic features of the pion's measurable valence-quark distribution, qπ(x; namely, at a characteristic hadronic scale, qπ(x∼(1−x2 for x≳0.85; and the valence-quarks carry approximately two-thirds of the pion's light-front momentum. 12. Gauge invariance and the electromagnetic current of composite pions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Frank, M.R. [Hampton Univ., VA (United States). Dept. of Physics]|[Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Tandy, P.C. [Kent State Univ., OH (United States). Center for Nuclear Research 1993-03-24 The Global Color-symmetry Model of QCD is extended to deal with a background electromagnetic field, and the associated conserved current is identified for the finite size {bar q}q pion modes at tree level. A well-defined truncation issued that factorizes the bilocal pion field into a local field variable and a hadronic form factor having a ladder Bethe-Salpeter content. The associated pion charge form factor is formulated. These developments are used to provide an illustration of how an effective hadronic action containing form factors may be electromagnetically coupled in a gauge invariant way that is accountable to its field substructure. In particular, the Ward-Takahashi identity for the photon vertex appropriate to the localized pion fields is seen to contain the hadronic form factors. In this context, gauge invariance of the effective hadronic action also requires recognition of the fact that the free inverse propagator for the localized pion field gauge transforms due to the substructure field content that has been absorbed into it. 13. Binding energy of the$X(3872)$at unphysical pion masses CERN Document Server Baru, V; Filin, A A; Gegelia, J; Nefediev, A V 2015-01-01 Chiral extrapolation of the$X(3872)$binding energy is investigated using the modified Weinberg formulation of chiral effective field theory for the$D \\bar{D}^*$scattering. Given its explicit renormalisability, this approach is particularly useful to explore the interplay of the long- and short-range$D \\bar{D}^*$forces in the$X(3872)$from studying the light-quark (pion) mass dependence of its binding energy. In particular, the parameter-free leading-order calculation shows that the$X$-pole disappears for unphysical large pion masses. On the other hand, without contradicting the naive dimensional analysis, the higher-order pion-mass-dependent contact interaction can change the slope of the binding energy at the physical point yielding the opposite scenario of a stronger bound$X$at pion masses larger than its physical value. An important role of the pion dynamics and of the 3-body$D\\bar{D}\\pi$effects for chiral extrapolations of the$X$-pole is emphasised. The results of the present study should be ... 14. One-pion production in neutrino-nucleus collisions CERN Document Server Hernández, E; Vicente-Vacas, M J 2013-01-01 We use our model for neutrino pion production on the nucleon to study pion production on a nucleus. The model is conveniently modified to include in-medium corrections and its validity is extended up to 2 GeV neutrino energies by the inclusion of new resonant contributions in the production process. Our results are compared with recent MiniBooNE data measured in mineral oil. Our total cross sections are below data for neutrino energies above 1 GeV. As with other theoretical calculations, the agreement with data improves if we neglect pion final state interaction. This is also the case for differential cross sections convoluted over the neutrino flux. 15. Low Energy Analyzing Powers in Pion-Proton Elastic Scattering CERN Document Server Meier, R; Bilger, R; Van den Brandt, B; Breitschopf, J; Clement, H; Comfort, J R; Denz, H; Erhardt, A; Föhl, K; Friedman, E; Gr"ater, J; Hautle, P; Hofman, G J; Konter, J A; Mango, S; P"atzold, J; Pavan, M M; Wagner, G J; Von Wrochem, F 2004-01-01 Analyzing powers of pion-proton elastic scattering have been measured at PSI with the Low Energy Pion Spectrometer LEPS as well as a novel polarized scintillator target. Angular distributions between 40 and 120 deg (c.m.) were taken at 45.2, 51.2, 57.2, 68.5, 77.2, and 87.2 MeV incoming pion kinetic energy for pi+ p scattering, and at 67.3 and 87.2 MeV for pi- p scattering. These new measurements constitute a substantial extension of the polarization data base at low energies. Predictions from phase shift analyses are compared with the experimental results, and deviations are observed at low energies. 16. Inclusive and pion production neutrino-nucleus cross sections CERN Document Server Martini, M 2014-01-01 We analyze the experimental data on the inclusive double differential cross section by neutrinos charged current, measured by T2K, with the same model which was successful for the MiniBooNE quasielastic cross sections. As in our previous analysis the multinucleon component is needed in order to reproduce the data. For the total cross section our evaluation is smaller than the SciBooNE data above 1 GeV. This indicates the opening of a new channel not included in our evaluation, presumably the two pion emission channel. We also check that our description holds for the exclusive single pion production channel by confronting our evaluation with the MiniBooNE double differential cross section for a single charged pion and the Q^2 distribution. Both are compatible with data. 17. Magnetic catalysis of a finite size pion condensate CERN Document Server Ayala, Alejandro; Villavicencio, C 2016-01-01 We study the Bose-Einstein condensation of a finite size pion gas subject to the influence of a magnetic field. We find the expressions for the critical chemical potential and temperature for the onset of condensation. We show that for values of the external magnetic flux larger than the elemental flux, the critical temperature is larger than the one obtained by considering only finite size effects. We use experimentally reported values of pion source sizes and multiplicities at LHC energies to show that if the magnetic flux, produced initially in peripheral heavy-ion collision, is at least partially preserved up to the hadronic phase, the combined finite size and magnetic field effects give rise to a critical temperature above the kinetic freeze-out temperature. We discuss the implications for the evolution of the pion system created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. 18. One-pion production in neutrino-nucleus collisions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Hernández, E. [Departamento de Física Fundamental e IUFFyM, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca (Spain); Nieves, J. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Valencia, Institutos de Investigación de Paterna, Apartado 22085, E-46071 Valencia (Spain); Vicente-Vacas, J. M. [Departamento de Física Teórica e IFIC, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Institutos de Investigación de Paterna, Apartado 22085, E-46071 Valencia (Spain) 2015-05-15 We use our model for neutrino pion production on the nucleon to study pion production on a nucleus. The model is conveniently modified to include in-medium corrections and its validity is extended up to 2 GeV neutrino energies by the inclusion of new resonant contributions in the production process. Our results are compared with recent MiniBooNE data measured in mineral oil. Our total cross sections are below data for neutrino energies above ≈ 1 GeV. As with other theoretical calculations, the agreement with data improves if we neglect pion final state interaction. This is also the case for differential cross sections convoluted over the neutrino flux. 19. Magnetic catalysis of a finite-size pion condensate Science.gov (United States) Ayala, Alejandro; Mercado, Pedro; Villavicencio, C. 2017-01-01 We study the Bose-Einstein condensation of a finite-size pion gas subject to the influence of a magnetic field. We find the expressions for the critical chemical potential and temperature for the onset of condensation. We show that for values of the external magnetic flux larger than the elemental flux, the critical temperature is larger than the one obtained by considering only finite-size effects. We use experimentally reported values of pion source sizes and multiplicities at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies to show that if the magnetic flux, produced initially in peripheral heavy-ion collisions, is at least partially preserved up to the hadronic phase, the combined finite-size and magnetic field effects give rise to a critical temperature above the kinetic freeze-out temperature. We discuss the implications for the evolution of the pion system created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. 20. Ginsparg-Wilson Pions Scattering on a Staggered Sea CERN Document Server Chen, J W; De van Water, R S; Walker-Loud, A; Chen, Jiunn-Wei; Connell, Donal O'; Water, Ruth S. Van de; Walker-Loud, Andre 2006-01-01 In this article, we calculate isospin 2 (I=2) pion-pion scattering in chiral perturbation theory for a partially quenched, mixed action theory with Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks and staggered sea quarks. We determine the scattering length at threshold for both 2 sea quarks and 2+1 sea quarks in the isospin limit. The scattering length, expressed in terms of the pion mass and the decay constant measured on the lattice, has no contributions from mixed valence-sea mesons. Thus, it does not depend upon the parameter, C_Mix, that appears in the chiral Lagrangian of the mixed theory. This result holds for both 2 and 2+1 flavors of sea quarks. Finally, we take the continuum limit of our mixed action results and give expressions for the scattering length in continuum 2 and 2+1 flavor partially quenched chiral perturbation theory. 1. Pion Pion Correlations at Low Relative Momentum Produced in the Reactions Proton-Proton Going to Proton-Proton Pion, Negative Pion)(n) with N = 2,3,4,5,6 Science.gov (United States) Uribe Duque, Jorge We have measured low relative momentum correlations between like sign pions produced in the reactions pp to pp(pi^+,pi^ {-})^{n} with n ranging from 2 to 6. The data sample consisted of 0.93 times10^6 fully reconstructed exclusive interactions, with incident proton momentum of 27.5 GeV/c, recorded by experiment E766 at the AGS in Brookhaven National Laboratory. By parametrizing the correlation with a function of Q^2 representing the dynamics of the reaction and the correlation itself, it was shown that the Q^2 scale does not depend on the final state multiplicity and has a value of 1.08 fermi. The "strength" of the correlation does depend on multiplicity. For negative pions the "strength" is 26% larger than for positive pions. 2. The pion electromagnetic structure with self-energy CERN Document Server Mello, Clayton Santos; Frederico, T 2016-01-01 We study the electromagnetic structure of the pion in terms of the quantum cromodynamic~(QCD) model on the Breit-frame. We calculated the observables, such as the electromagnetic form factor. The priori to have a calculation covariant need to get the valence term of the eletromagnetic form factor. We use the usual formalism in quantum field theory (QFT) and light-front quantum field theory (LFQFT) in order to test the properties of form factor in nonperturbative QCD. In this particular case, the form factor can be obtained using the pion Light-Front (LF) wave function including self-energy from Lattice-QCD. Specifically, these calculations was performed in LF formalism. We consider a quark-antiquark vertex model having a quark self-energy. Also we can use other models to compare the pion electromagnetic form factor with different wave function and to observe the degree of agreement between them. 3. Effects of Nonlocal One-Pion-Exchange Potential in Deuteron CERN Document Server Forest, J L 2000-01-01 The off-shell aspects of the one-pion-exchange potential (OPEP) are discussed. Relativistic Hamiltonians containing relativistic kinetic energy, relativistic OPEP with various off-shell behaviors and Argonne$v_{18}$short-range parameterization are used to study the deuteron properties. The OPEP off-shell behaviors depend on whether a pseudovector or pseudoscalar pion-nucleon coupling is used and are characterized by a parameter$\\mu$. We study potentials having$\\mu$=-1, 0 and +1 and we find that they are nearly unitarily equivalent. We also find that a nonrelativistic Hamiltonian containing local potentials and nonrelativistic kinetic energy provides a good approximation to a Hamiltonian containing a relativistic OPEP based on pseudovector pion-nucleon coupling and relativistic kinetic energy. 4. Low energy analyzing powers in pion-proton elastic scattering Science.gov (United States) Meier, R.; Cröni, M.; Bilger, R.; van den Brandt, B.; Breitschopf, J.; Clement, H.; Comfort, J. R.; Denz, H.; Erhardt, A.; Föhl, K.; Friedman, E.; Gräter, J.; Hautle, P.; Hofman, G. J.; Konter, J. A.; Mango, S.; Pätzold, J.; Pavan, M. M.; Wagner, G. J.; von Wrochem, F. 2004-05-01 Analyzing powers of pion-proton elastic scattering have been measured at PSI with the Low Energy Pion Spectrometer LEPS and a novel polarized scintillator target. Angular distributions between 40 and 120 deg (c.m.) were taken at 45.2, 51.2, 57.2, 68.5, 77.2, and 87.2 MeV incoming pion kinetic energy for π+p scattering, and at 67.3 and 87.2 MeV for π-p scattering. These new measurements constitute a substantial extension of the polarization data base at low energies. Predictions from phase shift analyses are compared with the experimental results, and deviations are observed at low energies. 5. Study on Charged Top-Pion Decay Processes Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WANG Xue-Lei; XU Wen-Na; DU Lin-Lin 2004-01-01 In the framework of top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) theory, we study the four decay processes of charged top-pion, i.e., П+t → t-b, П+t → c-b, П+t → W+γ П+t → W+ Z0. The decay branching ratio of these modes are calculated. The results show that the main decay channels of charged top-pion are the tree level modes: П+t → t-b and П+t → c-b. Light П+t is easier to be detected than heavy one at future coliders. So, the study provides us with some useful informations to search for charged top-pion. 6. Measurement of the charged pion polarizability at COMPASS Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Nagel, Thiemo Christian Ingo 2012-09-26 The reaction {pi}{sup -}+Z{yields}{pi}{sup -}+{gamma}+Z in which a photon is produced by a beam pion scattering off a quasi-real photon of the Coulomb field of the target nucleus is identified experimentally by the tiny magnitude of the momentum transfer to the nucleus. This process gives access to the charged pion polarizabilities {alpha}{sub {pi}} and {beta}{sub {pi}} whose experimental determination constitutes an important test of Chiral Perturbation Theory. In this work, the pion polarizability is obtained as {alpha}{sub {pi}}=(1.9{+-}0.7{sub stat.}{+-}0.8{sub syst.}) x 10{sup -4} fm{sup 3} from data taken with 190 GeV/c hadron beam provided by SPS to the COMPASS experiment at CERN in November 2009 and under the assumption of {alpha}{sub {pi}}+{beta}{sub {pi}}=0. 7. Pion Cloud Effects on △-N Mass Splitting from Quark Models Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) DONG Yu-Bing; FENG Qing-Guo 2002-01-01 Pion cloud effects on △-N mass splitting are studied based on quark models. Pseudo-scalar pion-quarkcoupling is discussed in the relativistic and nonrelativistic frameworks. We separately calculate the pion cloud effects bythe one-pion exchange potential and by another method which is consistent with the baryon chiral perturbation theory.Remark able discrepancy in the mass splitting between the two methods is shown. 8. The pion electromagnetic form-factor in a QCD-inspired model CERN Document Server Pacheco-Bicudo-Cabral de Melo, J; Pace, E; Salmè, G 2004-01-01 We present detailed numerical results for the pion space-like electromagnetic form factor obtained within a recently proposed model of the pion electromagnetic current in a confining light-front QCD-inspired model. The model incorporates the vector meson dominance mechanism at the quark level, where the dressed photon with$q^+>0$decay in an interacting quark-antiquark pair,wich absorbs the initial pion and produces the pion in the final state. 9. PIGMI: a design report for Pion Generator for Medical Irradiations Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Hansborough, L.D. (comp.) 1981-09-01 PIGMI (Pion Generator for Medical Irradiations) is an integrated linear accelerator (linac) system developed under the auspices of the National Cancer Institute for specific application to cancer treatment in a hospital environment. In its full configuration, PIGMI is a proton linac that is far smaller, less expensive, and more reliable than previous machines that produce pions. Subsets of PIGMI technology can be used with equal advantage to generate beams of other particles (such as neutrons, protons, or heavy ions) that may be of interest for radiotherapy, radioisotope production, or other applications. The dramatic performance and cost advantages of this new breed of acceleraor result from a number of improvements. In the low-energy portion of the machine, a new type of low-energy linac (the radio-frequency quadrupole(RFQ)) produces an exceptionally good quality beam, and uses a very simple 30-kV injector. In the second part of the machine (the drift-tube linac (DTL)), high accelerating gradients are now achievable with consequent reductions in machine length. Another new structure (the disk and washer (DAW)) will be used in the third and final section of the accelerator; this portion will also be relatively short and require few power amplifiers. The entire machine is designed for ease of operation and high reliability. The pion-production machine, discussed in this report, accelerates a 100-..mu..A average proton-beam current to 650 MeV; use of an efficient pion-collection channel would result in an average pion flux of over 100 rad/min in a volume of about 1 l. Pion-channel design is not treated in this report. Accelerator construction cost is estimated at$10 million (1980 dollars); site preparation and treatment facility costs would bring the cost of a complete facility to an estimated $25 million. 10. Valence-quark distribution functions in the kaon and pion Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Chen, Chen; Chang, Lei; Roberts, Craig D.; Wan, Shaolong; Zong, Hong-Shi 2016-04-18 We describe expressions for pion and kaon dressed-quark distribution functions that incorporate contributions from gluons which bind quarks into these mesons and hence overcome a flaw of the commonly used handbag approximation. The distributions therewith obtained are purely valence in character, ensuring that dressed quarks carry all the meson’s momentum at a characteristic hadronic scale and vanish as ( 1 - x ) 2 when Bjorken- x → 1 . Comparing such distributions within the pion and kaon, it is apparent that the size of S U ( 3 ) -flavor symmetry breaking in meson parton distribution functions is modulated by the flavor dependence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Corrections to these leading-order formulas may be divided into two classes, responsible for shifting dressed-quark momentum into glue and sea quarks. Working with available empirical information, we build an algebraic framework that is capable of expressing the principal impact of both classes of corrections. This enables a realistic comparison with experiment which allows us to identify and highlight basic features of measurable pion and kaon valence-quark distributions. We find that whereas roughly two thirds of the pion’s light-front momentum is carried by valence dressed quarks at a characteristic hadronic scale; this fraction rises to 95% in the kaon; evolving distributions with these features to a scale typical of available Drell-Yan data produces a kaon-to-pion ratio of u -quark distributions that is in agreement with the single existing data set, and predicts a u -quark distribution within the pion that agrees with a modern reappraisal of π N Drell-Yan data. Precise new data are essential in order to validate this reappraisal and because a single modest-quality measurement of the kaon-to-pion ratio cannot be considered definitive. 11. Protocol for emergency EPR dosimetry in fingernails OpenAIRE Trompier, F; Kornak, L.; Calas, C.; Romanyukha, A.; LeBlanc, B.; Mitchell, C. A.; Swartz, H M; Clairand, I. 2007-01-01 There is an increased need for after-the-fact dosimetry because of the high risk of radiation exposures due to terrorism or accidents. In case of such an event, a method is needed to make measurements of dose in a large number of individuals rapidly and with sufficient accuracy to facilitate effective medical triage. Dosimetry based on EPR measurements of fingernails potentially could be an effective tool for this purpose. This paper presents the first operational protocols for EPR fingernail... 12. Study of the Production of Single Pions in Pion-proton Collisions near Threshold CERN Multimedia 2002-01-01 This experiment aims at a complete-kinematics measurement of the processes @p|-p @A @p|-@p|+n and @p|+p @A @p|+@p|+n in the region of incident momenta between 300 MeV/c and 460 MeV/c. It uses the Omicron Spectrometer with detectors placed in the magnetic field close to a 12 atm. hydrogen gas target. The apparatus has an acceptance of 4\\% for the processes to be studied. \\\\ \\\\ Their threshold is at 279 MeV/c and pion production in this region is interesting from the point of view of the determination of transformation properties of the chiral-symmetry-breaking part of the Lagrangian. 13. Scaling study of the pion electroproduction cross sections and the pion form factor Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Tanja Horn; Xin Qian; John Arrington; Razmik Asaturyan; Fatiha Benmokthar; Werner Boeglin; Peter Bosted; Antje Bruell; Eric Christy; Eugene Chudakov; Ben Clasie; Mark Dalton; AJI Daniel; Donal Day; Dipangkar Dutta; Lamiaa El Fassi; Rolf Ent; Howard Fenker; J. Ferrer; Nadia Fomin; H. Gao; K Garrow; Dave Gaskell; C Gray; G. Huber; M. Jones; N Kalantarians; C. Keppel; K Kramer; Y Li; Y Liang; A. Lung; S Malace; P. Markowitz; A. Matsumura; D. Meekins; T Mertens; T Miyoshi; H. Mykrtchyan; R. Monson; T. Navasardyan; G. Niculescu; I. Niculescu; Y. Okayasu; A. Opper; C Perdrisat; V. Punjabi; A. Rauf; V. Rodriguez; D. Rohe; J Seely; E Segbefia; G. Smith; M. Sumihama; V. Tadevoyan; L Tang; V. Tvaskis; A. Villano; W. Vulcan; F. Wesselmann; S. Wood; L. Yuan; X. Zheng 2007-07-12 The$^{1}$H($e,e^\\prime \\pi^+$)n cross section was measured for a range of four-momentum transfer up to$Q^2$=3.91 GeV$^2$at values of the invariant mass,$W$, above the resonance region. The$Q^2$-dependence of the longitudinal component is consistent with the$Q^2$-scaling prediction for hard exclusive processes. This suggests that perturbative QCD concepts are applicable at rather low values of$Q^2$. Pion form factor results, while consistent with the$Q^2$-scaling prediction, are inconsistent in magnitude with perturbative QCD calculations. The extraction of Generalized Parton Distributions from hard exclusive processes assumes the dominance of the longitudinal term. However, transverse contributions to the cross section are still significant at$Q^2$=3.91 GeV$^2$. 14. Threshold pion electroproduction at large momentum transfers; Threshold Pion-Elektroproduktion bei grossen Energieuebertraegen Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Peters, Andreas 2008-02-15 We consider pion electroproduction close to threshold for Q{sup 2} in the region 1-10 GeV{sup 2} on a nucleon target. The momentum transfer dependence of the S-wave multipoles at threshold, E{sub 0+} and L{sub 0+}, is calculated in the chiral limit using light-cone sum rules. Predictions for the cross sections in the threshold region are given taking into account P-wave contributions that, as we argue, are model independent to a large extent. The results are compared with the SLAC E136 data on the structure function F{sub 2}(W,Q{sup 2}) in the threshold region. (orig.) 15. On the Distribution of Neutral and Charged Pions through the Production of a Classical Pion Field CERN Document Server Anselm, A A; Bander, Myron 1994-01-01 High energy reactions may produce a state around the collision point that is best described by a classical pion field. Such a field might be an isospin rotated vacuum of the chiral$\\sigma$-model or, as discussed in this work, a solution of the equations of motion resultinng from the coupling of fields of this model to quarks produced in the collision. In such configurations all directions in isospin space are allowed leading to a sizable probability of events with, essentially, only charged particles (Centauros) or all neutral particles (anti-Centauros). (In more common statistical models of multiparticle production, the probability of such events is suppressed exponentially by the total multiplicity.) We find that the isospin violation due to the mass difference of the up and down quarks has a significant effect on these distributions and enhances the production of events consisting predominantly of neutral particles. 16. Development of radiation biological dosimetry Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Cho, Chul Koo; Kim, Tae Hwan; Lee, Yun Sil; Son, Young Sook; Kim, Soo Kwan; Jang, Won Suk; Le, Sun Joo; Jee, Young Heun; Jung, Woo Jung 1999-04-01 Up until now, only a few methods have been developed for radiation biological dosimetry such as conventional chromosome aberration and micronucleus in peripheral blood cell. However, because these methods not only can be estimated by the expert, but also have a little limitation due to need high technique and many times in the case of radiation accident, it is very difficult to evaluate the absorbed dose of victims. Therefore, we should develop effective, easy, simple and rapid biodosimetry and its guideline (triage) to be able to be treated the victims as fast as possible. We established the premature chromosome condensation assay and apoptotic fragment assay which was the significant relationship between dose and cell damages to evaluate the irradiation dose as correct and rapid as possible using lymphocytes and crypt cells, and compared with conventional chromosome aberration assay and micronuclei assay. 17. Advanced materials in radiation dosimetry CERN Document Server Bruzzi, M; Nava, F; Pini, S; Russo, S 2002-01-01 High band-gap semiconductor materials can represent good alternatives to silicon in relative dosimetry. Schottky diodes made with epitaxial n-type 4 H SiC and Chemical Vapor Deposited diamond films with ohmic contacts have been exposed to a sup 6 sup 0 Co gamma-source, 20 MeV electrons and 6 MV X photons from a linear accelerator to test the current response in on-line configuration in the dose range 0.1-10 Gy. The released charge as a function of the dose and the radiation-induced current as a function of the dose-rate are found to be linear. No priming effects have been observed using epitaxial SiC, due to the low density of lattice defects present in this material. 18. Mass extrapolation of the amplitude for pion production in N-N collision Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Afnan, I.R.; Thomas, A.W. 1977-06-01 The S-wave pion production process (at q/sub ..pi../ = 0) is calculated as a function of the mass of the produced pion. The invariant matrix element is found to be surprisingly constant over a large range of pion mass. 19. Soft-pion production in n-n collisions. [n + n. -->. pi. /sup -/ + d Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Thomas, A.W. (CERN, Geneva); Afnan, I.R. 1976-01-01 The matrix element for s-wave pion production nn ..-->.. ..pi../sup -/d is examined as a function of the external pion mass. Quite unexpectedly, in view of the well-known failure of soft pion theory for this reaction, it is found to be constant within a few per cent. Both the reason for this result and its implications are briefly discussed. 20. Exclusive near threshold two-pion production with the MOMO experiment at COSY Science.gov (United States) Bavink, S.; Bellemann, F.; Berg, A.; Bisplinghoff, J.; Bohlscheid, G.; Ernst, J.; Henrich, C.; Hinterberger, F.; Ibald, R.; Jahn, R.; Jarczyk, L.; Joosten, R.; Kozela, A.; Machner, H.; Magiera, A.; Maschuw, R.; Mayer-Kuckuk, T.; Mertler, G.; Munkel, J.; Neumann-Cosel, P. v.; Rosendaal, D.; Rossen, P. v.; Schnitker, H.; Scho, K.; Smyrski, J.; Strzalkowski, A.; Tölle, R.; Wurzinger, R. 1998-03-01 Near threshold two pion production via the reaction pd → 3Heπ +π - was measured kinematically complete with the MOMO experiment at COSY. A remarkable deviation of the obtained two pion invariant mass spectra from phase space as well as a predominant back to back and sidewise emission of the two pions was observed. 1. Exclusive near threshold two-pion production with the MOMO experiment at COSY Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bavink, S.; Bellemann, F.; Berg, A. [Bonn Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Strahlen- und Kernphysik] [and others 1998-03-02 Near threshold two pion production via the reaction pd {yields} {sup 3}He{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}was measured kinematically complete with the MOMO experiment at COSY. A remarkable deviation of the obtained two pion invariant mass spectra from phase space as well as a predominant back to back and sidewise emission of the two pions was observed. (orig.). 2 refs. 2. Muon identification and pion rejection in the 4th concept Indian Academy of Sciences (India) John Haupton 2007-12-01 We describe a completely new way to reconstruct and identify muons with high efficiency and very high pion rejection in the 4th concept detector. The dual-solenoid magnetic field allows the reconstruction and precision momentum measurement of muons down to a few GeV (just the energy loss in the 10-int calorimeter and the coil) and the dual-readout calorimeter provides a new, unique and powerful separation of muons from pions. We use test beam data for the calorimeter and calculations for the magnetic fields 3. Effective pion mass term and the trace anomaly CERN Document Server Golterman, Maarten 2016-01-01 Recently, we developed an effective theory of pions and a light dilatonic meson for gauge theories with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry that are close to the conformal window. The pion mass term in this effective theory depends on an exponent$y$. We derive the transformation properties under dilatations of the renormalized fermion mass, and use this to rederive$y=3-\\gamma_m^*$, where$\\gamma_m^*$is fixed-point value of the mass anomalous dimension at the sill of the conformal window. This value for$y$is consistent with the trace anomaly of the underlying near-conformal gauge theory. 4. Pion Electromagnetic Form Factor at Lower and Higher Momentum Transfer CERN Document Server de Melo, J P B C; Tsushima, Kazuo 2016-01-01 The pion electromagnetic form factor is calculated at lower and higher momentum transfer in order to explore constituent quark models and the differences among those models. In particular, the light-front constituent quark model is utilized here to calculate the pion electromagnetic form factor at lower and higher energies. The matrix elements of the electromagnetic current, are calculated with both "plus" and "minus" components of the electromagnetic current in the light-front. Further, the electromagnetic form factor is compared with other models in the literature and experimental data. 5. Pion in the Medium with a Light-Front Model CERN Document Server de Melo, J P B C; Frederico, Tobias 2015-01-01 The pion properties in symmetric nuclear matter are investigated with the Quark-Meson Coupling (QMC) Model plus the light-front constituent quark model~(LFCQM). The LFCQM has been quite successful in describing the properties of pseudoscalar mesons in vacuum, such as the electromagnetic elastic form factors, electromagnetic radii, and decay constants. We study the pion properties in symmetric nuclear matter with the in-medium input recalculated through the QMC model, which provides the in-medium modification of the LFCQM. 6. Two-pion production in photon-induced reactions Indian Academy of Sciences (India) S Schadmand 2006-05-01 Differences in the photoproduction of mesons on the free proton and on nuclei are expected to reveal changes in the properties of hadrons. Inclusive studies of nuclear photoabsorption have provided evidence of medium modifications. However, the results have not been explained in a model independent way. A deeper understanding of the situation is anticipated from a detailed experimental study of meson photoproduction from nuclei in exclusive reactions. In the energy regime above the (1232) resonance, the dominant double pion production channels are of particular interest. Double pion photoproduction from nuclei is also used to investigate the in-medium modification of meson–meson interactions. 7. Role of pion pole in hard exlusive meson leptoproduction CERN Document Server Goloskokov, Sergey 2015-01-01 We consider the pion pole contribution and transversity effects determined by the$H_T$and$\\bar E_T$Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) which are essential in hard pseudoscalar and vector meson leptoproduction. We investigate spin effects in the$\\omega$and$\\rho^0$reactions. It is shown that the pion pole contribution is very important in the$\\omega$production. Such effects in the$\\rho^0$channel are much smaller. Our results on spin asymmetries and spin density matrix elements in these reactions were found to be in good agreement with HERMES data. 8. Chemical nonequilibrium for interacting bosons: Applications to the pion gas Science.gov (United States) Fernández-Fraile, D.; Gómez Nicola, A. 2009-09-01 We consider an interacting pion gas in a stage of the system evolution where thermal but not chemical equilibrium has been reached, i.e., for temperatures between thermal and chemical freeze-out TtherLuscher and Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner-type relations. We pay special attention to the comparison with the conventional kinetic theory approach in the dilute regime, which allows for a check of consistency of our approach. Several phenomenological applications are discussed, concerning chiral symmetry restoration, freeze-out conditions, and Bose-Einstein pion condensation. 9. Parton distributions for the pion in a chiral quark model CERN Document Server Ruiz-Arriola, E 2001-01-01 Parton distributions for the pion are studied in a chiral quark model characterized by a quark propagator for which a spectral representation is assumed. Electromagnetic and chiral symmetry constraints are imposed through the relevant Ward-Takahashi identities for flavoured vertex functions. Finiteness of the theory, requires the spectral function to be non-positive definite. Straightforward calculation yields the result that the pion structure function becomes one in the chiral limit, regardless of the details of the spectral function. LO and NLO evolution provide a satisfactory description of phenomenological parameterizations of the valence distribution functions but fails to describe gluon and sea distributions. 10. Neutral pion form factor measurement at NA62 CERN Document Server Goudzovski, Evgueni 2016-01-01 The NA62 experiment at CERN collected a large sample of charged kaon decays with a highly efficient trigger for decays into electrons in 2007. The kaon beam represents a source of tagged neutral pion decays in vacuum. A measurement of the electromagnetic transition form factor slope of the neutral pion in the time-like region from$1.05\\times10^6$fully reconstructed$\\pi^0$Dalitz decay is presented. The limits on dark photon production in$\\pi^0$decays from the earlier kaon experiment at CERN, NA48/2, are also reported. 11. Effects of pion-fold-pion diagrams in the energy-independent nucleon-nucleon potential Science.gov (United States) de Guzman, G.; Kuo, T. T. S.; Holinde, K.; Machleidt, R.; Faessler, A.; Müther, H. 1985-10-01 Based on a T-matrix equivalence theory, an energy-independent or locally energy-dependent nucléon-nucléon potential VNN derived from meson exchanges is studied. The potential, given as a series expansion of folded diagrams, is independent of the asymptotic energy of the scattering nucleons. It is, however, locally energy dependent in the sense that its matrix elements depend on the energies associated with its bra and ket states a and b. Our formulation makes use of right-hand-side on-shell T-matrix equivalence of the field-theoretical and potential descriptions when limited to the space of neutrons and protons only. This preserves not only scattering (e.g. phase shifts, projections of wave functions) but also bound-state properties. The matrix elements of V were calculated for two potential models, one based on one-pion exchange (OPEP) and the other on one-boson exchange (OBEP) using {π, ρ, σ, ω, δ, η }. Three types of phase-shift calculations have been carried out to study the viability of constructing an energy-independent potential using the folded-diagram expansion: (A) NN phase shifts for an energy-dependent OPEP and OBEP. For the OBEP we used parameters adjusted to fit experimental data. (B) The same phase shifts for the energy-independent case for both OPEP and OBEP. (C) Repetition of (B) with effects of the two-pion folded diagrams included. Our results show two important points: (i) folded diagrams are of essential importance, and (ii) the first-order folded diagrams contain the dominant effect and the neglect of terms with more than two folds can be regarded as a good approximation. The effects of folded diagrams are large especially for low partial waves and high energies. For high partial waves ( J greater than 2) the folded terms are negligible, and the phase shifts given by (A), (B) and (C) practically coincide. 12. Uncertainty in 3D gel dosimetry Science.gov (United States) De Deene, Yves; Jirasek, Andrew 2015-01-01 Three-dimensional (3D) gel dosimetry has a unique role to play in safeguarding conformal radiotherapy treatments as the technique can cover the full treatment chain and provides the radiation oncologist with the integrated dose distribution in 3D. It can also be applied to benchmark new treatment strategies such as image guided and tracking radiotherapy techniques. A major obstacle that has hindered the wider dissemination of gel dosimetry in radiotherapy centres is a lack of confidence in the reliability of the measured dose distribution. Uncertainties in 3D dosimeters are attributed to both dosimeter properties and scanning performance. In polymer gel dosimetry with MRI readout, discrepancies in dose response of large polymer gel dosimeters versus small calibration phantoms have been reported which can lead to significant inaccuracies in the dose maps. The sources of error in polymer gel dosimetry with MRI readout are well understood and it has been demonstrated that with a carefully designed scanning protocol, the overall uncertainty in absolute dose that can currently be obtained falls within 5% on an individual voxel basis, for a minimum voxel size of 5 mm3. However, several research groups have chosen to use polymer gel dosimetry in a relative manner by normalizing the dose distribution towards an internal reference dose within the gel dosimeter phantom. 3D dosimetry with optical scanning has also been mostly applied in a relative way, although in principle absolute calibration is possible. As the optical absorption in 3D dosimeters is less dependent on temperature it can be expected that the achievable accuracy is higher with optical CT. The precision in optical scanning of 3D dosimeters depends to a large extend on the performance of the detector. 3D dosimetry with X-ray CT readout is a low contrast imaging modality for polymer gel dosimetry. Sources of error in x-ray CT polymer gel dosimetry (XCT) are currently under investigation and include inherent 13. Longitudinal Lelectroproduction of Charged Pions on Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Helium 3 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Gaskell, David [Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States) 2001-03-22 Conventional pictures of nuclear interactions, in which the pion mediates the long/medium range part of the nuclear force, predict an enhancement of the virtual pion cloud in nuclei relative to that in the free nucleon. Jefferson Lab Experiment E91003 measured charged pion electroproduction from Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Helium-3. The longitudinal cross section, which in the limit of pole dominance can be viewed as the quasifree knockout of a virtual pion, was extracted via a Rosenbluth separation. The longitudinal cross sections from Deuterium and Helium-3 were compared to Hydrogen to look for signatures of the nuclear pions. 14. Density and expansion effects on pion spectra in relativistic heavy-ion collisions CERN Document Server Ayala, A P; Montaño-Zetina, L M; Ayala, Alejandro; Barreiro, Julio; Montano, Luis M. 1999-01-01 We compute the pion inclusive momentum distribution in heavy-ion collisions at AGS energies, assuming thermal equilibrium and accounting for density and expansion effects at the time of decoupling. We compare to data on mid rapidity charged pions produced in central Au + Au collisions and find a very good agreement. The shape of the distribution at low m_t-m is explained in part as an effect arising from the high mean pion density achieved in these reactions. The difference between the positive and negative pion distributions in the same region is attributed in part to the different average yields of each kind of charged pions. 15. Longitudinal Lelectroproduction of Charged Pions on Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Helium 3 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) David Gaskell 2001-05-01 Conventional pictures of nuclear interactions, in which the pion mediates the long/medium range part of the nuclear force, predict an enhancement of the virtual pion cloud in nuclei relative to that in the free nucleon. Jefferson Lab Experiment E91003 measured charged pion electroproduction from Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Helium-3. The longitudinal cross section, which in the limit of pole dominance can be viewed as the quasifree knockout of a virtual pion, was extracted via a Rosenbluth separation. The longitudinal cross sections from Deuterium and Helium-3 were compared to Hydrogen to look for signatures of the nuclear pions. 16. Measurement of the pion electromagnetic form-factor in the SELEX experiment Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Dirkes, Guido; /Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst. 1999-10-01 This work describes the analysis of pion-electron scattering data of the fix-trage-experiment SELEX at Fermilab with special respects to the pion charge radius. At an average rate of 150 Hz, 215 million candidates for pion-electron elastic scattering were recorded during the fix target run until September 1997. A sample of 24,000 pion-electron scattering events was extracted in the course of several data strips. Monte Carlo studies gave detailed knowledge of acceptance, which is important due to special trigger conditions. Systematics were studied and the pion mean square charge radius was determined. 17. Three-Pion HBT Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the STAR Experiment CERN Document Server Adams, J; Ahammed, Z; Allgower, C; Amonett, J; Anderson, B D; Anderson, M; Arkhipkin, D; Averichev, G S; Balewski, J T; Barannikova, O Yu; Barnby, L S; Baudot, J; Bekele, S; Belaga, V V; Bellwied, R; Berger, J; Bichsel, H; Billmeier, A; Bland, L C; Blyth, C O; Bonner, B E; Botje, M; Boucham, A; Brandin, A; Bravar, A; Cadman, R V; Cai, X Z; Caines, H; Calderón de la Barca-Sanchez, M; Cardenas, A; Carroll, J; Castillo, J; Castro, M; Cebra, D; Chaloupka, P; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, Y; Chernenko, S P; Cherney, M; Chikanian, A; Choi, B; Christie, W; Coffin, J P; Cormier, T M; Mora-Corral, M J; Cramer, J G; Crawford, H J; Derevshchikov, A A; Didenko, L; Dietel, T; Draper, J E; Dunin, V B; Dunlop, J C; Eckardt, V; Efimov, L G; Emelianov, V; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Erazmus, B; Fachini, P; Faine, V; Faivre, J; Fatemi, R; Filimonov, K; Finch, E; Fisyak, Yu; Flierl, D; Foley, K J; Fu, J; Gagliardi, C A; Gagunashvili, N D; Gans, J; Gaudichet, L; Germain, M; Geurts, F J M; Ghazikhanian, V; Grachov, O A; Guedon, M; Guertin, S M; Gushin, E; Gutíerrez, T D; Hallman, T J; Hardtke, D; Harris, J W; Heinz, M; Henry, T W; Heppelmann, S; Herston, T; Hippolyte, B; Hirsch, A; Hjort, E; Hoffmann, G W; Horsley, M; Huang, H Z; Humanic, T J; Igo, G; Ishihara, A; Jacobs, P; Jacobs, W W; Janik, M; Johnson, I; Jones, P G; Judd, E G; Kabana, S; Kaneta, M; Kaplan, M; Keane, D; Kiryluk, J; Kisiel, A; Klay, J; Klein, S R; Klyachko, A; Kollegger, T; Konstantinov, A S; Kopytine, M; Kotchenda, L; Kovalenko, A D; Krämer, M; Kravtsov, P; Krüger, K; Kuhn, C; Kulikov, A I; Kunde, G J; Kunz, C L; Kutuev, R K; Kuznetsov, A A; Lamont, M A C; Landgraf, J M; Lange, S; Lansdell, C P; Lasiuk, B; Laue, F; Lauret, J; Lebedev, A; Lednicky, R; Leontiev, V M; Le Vine, M J; Li, Q; Lindenbaum, S J; Lisa, M A; Liu, F; Liu, L; Liu, Z; Liu, Q J; Ljubicic, T; Llope, W J; Long, H; Longacre, R S; López-Noriega, M; Love, W A; Ludlam, Thomas W; Lynn, D; Ma, J; Ma, Y G; Magestro, D; Majka, R; Margetis, S; Markert, C; Martin, L; Marx, J; Matis, H S; Matulenko, Yu A; McShane, T S; Meissner, F; Melnik, Yu M; Meshchanin, A P; Messer, M; Miller, M L; Milosevich, Z; Minaev, N G; Mitchell, J; Molnár, L; Moore, C F; Morozov, V; De Moura, M M; Munhoz, M G; Nelson, J M; Nevski, P; Nikitin, V A; Nogach, L V; Norman, B; Nurushev, S B; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina; Ogawa, A; Okorokov, V; Oldenburg, M; Olson, D; Paic, G; Pandey, S U; Panebratsev, Yu A; Panitkin, S Y; Pavlinov, A I; Pawlak, T; Perevozchikov, V; Peryt, W; Petrov, V; Picha, R; Planinic, M; Pluta, J; Porile, N; Porter, J; Poskanzer, A M; Potrebenikova, E V; Prindle, D J; Pruneau, C A; Putschke, J; Rai, G; Rakness, G; Ravel, O; Ray, R L; Razin, S V; Reichhold, D M; Reid, J G; Renault, G; Retière, F; Ridiger, A; Ritter, H G; Roberts, J B; Rogachevski, O V; Romero, J L; Rose, A; Roy, C; Rykov, V L; Sakrejda, I; Salur, S; Sandweiss, J; Savin, I; Schambach, J; Scharenberg, R P; Schmitz, N; Schröder, L S; Schweda, K; Seger, J; Seyboth, P; Shahaliev, E; Shestermanov, K E; Shimansky, S S; Simon, F; Skoro, G P; Smirnov, N; Snellings, R; Sørensen, P; Sowinski, J; Spinka, H M; Srivastava, B; Stephenson, E J; Stock, Reinhard; Stolpovsky, A; Strikhanov, M N; Stringfellow, B C; Struck, C; Suaide, A A P; Sugarbaker, E R; Suire, C; Sumbera, M; Surrow, B; Symons, T J M; Szanto de Toledo, A; Szarwas, P; Tai, A; Takahashi, J; Tang, A H; Thein, D; Thomas, J H; Thompson, M; Timoshenko, S; Tokarev, M; Tonjes, M B; Trainor, T A; Trentalange, S; Tribble, R E; Trofimov, V; Tsai, O; Ullrich, T S; Underwood, D G; Van Buren, G; Van der Molen, A M; Vasilev, A N; Vigdor, S E; Voloshin, S A; Vznuzdaev, M; Wang, F; Wang, Y; Ward, H; Watson, J W; Wells, R; Westfall, G D; Whitten, C; Wieman, H; Willson, R; Wissink, S W; Witt, R; Wood, J; Xu, N; Xu, Z; Yakutin, A E; Yamamoto, E; Yang, J; Yepes, P; Yurevich, V I; Zanevsky, Yu V; Zborovský, I; Zhang, H; Zhang, W M; Zoulkarneev, R; Zoulkarneeva, Y; Zubarev, A N 2003-01-01 Data from the first physics run at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Au+Au collisions at$sqrt{s_{NN}}=130$GeV, have been analyzed by the STAR Collaboration using three-pion correlations with charged pions to study whether pions are emitted independently at freezeout. We have made a high-statistics measurement of the three-pion correlation function and calculated the normalized three-particle correlator to obtain a quantitative measurement of the degree of chaoticity of the pion source. It is found that the degree of chaoticity seems to increase with increasing particle multiplicity. 18. Neutrino induced coherent single pion production at high energies Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Nahnhauer, R. (Institut fuer Hochenergiephysik, Zeuthen (Germany, F.R.)) 1991-04-01 Available data about coherent single pion production in charged and neutral current reactions are reviewed and compared to the results of two corresponding models. A comparison of the axialvector-isovector coupling constant /{beta}/ derived in different experiments is given. Agreement is found between them and the prediction of the Standard Model. Possible new information from future analyses is mentioned. (orig.). 19. Resonance production and decay in pion induced collisions with HADES Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Scozzi Federico 2017-01-01 Full Text Available The main goal of the High Acceptance Di-Electron experiment (HADES at GSI is the study of hadronic matter in the 1-3.5 GeV/nucleon incident energy range. HADES results on e+ e− production in proton-nucleus reactions and in nucleus-nucleus collisions demonstrate a strong enhancement of the dilepton yield relative to a reference spectrum obtained from elementary nucleon-nucleon reactions. These observations point to a strong modification of the in-medium ρ spectral function driven by the coupling of the ρ to baryon-resonance hole states. However, to scrutinize this conjecture, a precise study of the role of the ρ meson in electromagnetic baryon-resonance transitions in the time-like region is mandatory. In order to perform this study, HADES has started a dedicated pion-nucleon programme. For the first time a combined measurement of hadronic and dielectron final states have been performed in π−-N reactions at four different pion beam momenta (0.656, 0.69, 0.748 and 0.8 GeV/c. First results on exclusive channels with one pion π−-p and two pions (nπ+π−, pπ−π0 in the final state, which are currently analysed within the partial wave analysis (PWA framework of the Bonn-Gatchina group, are discussed. Finally first results for the dielectron analysis will be shown. 20. Pion linac as an energy-tagged ν source Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) T. Goldman 2008-12-01 Full Text Available The energy spectrum and flux of neutrinos from a linear pion accelerator are calculated analytically under the assumption of a uniform accelerating gradient. The energy of a neutrino from this source reacting in a detector can be determined from timing and event position information. 1. Electromagnetic fields and transport coefficients in a hot pion gas Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Gomez Nicola, A. [Departamentos de Fisica Teorica I, II, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Fernandez-Fraile, D. [Departamentos de Fisica Teorica I, II, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid (Spain) 2007-03-15 We present recent results on finite temperature electromagnetic form factors and the electrical conductivity in a pion gas. The standard Chiral Perturbation Theory power counting needs to be modified for transport coefficients. We pay special attention to unitarity and to possible applications for dilepton and photon production. 2. Pion and neutron production by cosmic-ray muons underground CERN Document Server Delorme, J; Ericson, Torleif Eric Oskar; Vogel, P; Delorme, Jean; Ericson, Magda; Ericson, Torleif; Vogel, C 1995-01-01 The production of positive pions and neutrons by cosmic muons at underground sites of various depths is investigated. We first test the equivalent photon method in the particular case of \\Delta excitation by the muon. We find that this method, when it neglects the momentum dependence of the transverse response, reproduces remarkably well the theoretical muon cross-section. This success has lead us to apply the method to higher energies, where it has not been tested. We evaluate in this way the production of positive pions in liquid scintillator from known photo-absorption cross-sections. At a shallow depth of 20 meters our estimate reproduces the measurement. As for the neutron emission, we include the obvious sources, such as the giant-resonance excitation, the quasi-deuteron process, the quasi- free pion production as well as neutrons emitted following pion capture. Our evaluation underestimates the number of neutrons produced and finds a too weak dependence on the depth. This suggests that secondary neutro... 3. Measurement of the pion form factor at higher energies Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Mack, D.J. [CEBAF, Newport News, VA (United States) 1994-04-01 One of the strongest arguments for increasing the nominal CEBAF beam energy to equal or exceed 6 GeV is that one would be able to make quality high Q{sup 2} measurements of the charged pion form factor. 4. The Discoveries of Rare Pion Decays at the CERN Synchrocyclotron CERN Document Server Fidecaro, Giuseppe 2015-01-01 In 1957 the CERN 600 MeV Synchrocyclotron started to operate and could detect for the first time already in 1958, and later in 1962, the two still missing β-decays of the charged pion, providing crucial verifications of the universal V–A coupling. 5. Pion photo- and electroproduction in relativistic baryon ChPT Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Tiator Lothar 2014-06-01 Full Text Available We present a calculation of pion photo- and electroproduction in manifestly Lorentz-invariant baryon chiral perturbation theory up to and including order q4. We fix the low-energy constants by fitting experimental data in all available reaction channels. Our results can be accessed via a web interface, the so-called chiral MAID. 6. Pigmi mechanical fabrication. [Pion Generator for Medical Irradiations (PIGMI) Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Hart, V.E. 1976-01-01 A prime goal of the mechanical design effort associated with the PIGMI (Pion Generator for Medical Irradiations) program is to investigate new materials and fabrication techniques in an effort to obtain increased machine efficiency and reliability at a reasonable cost. A discussion is given dealing with the modeling program that LASL is pursuing for 450-MHz and 1350-MHz PIGMI development. 7. Renormalization of NN Interaction with Relativistic Chiral Two Pion Exchange Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Higa, R; Valderrama, M Pavon; Arriola, E Ruiz 2007-06-14 The renormalization of the NN interaction with the Chiral Two Pion Exchange Potential computed using relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory is considered. The short distance singularity reduces the number of counter-terms to about a half as those in the heavy-baryon expansion. Phase shifts and deuteron properties are evaluated and a general overall agreement is observed. 8. Anomalous electrodynamics of neutral pion matter in strong magnetic fields Science.gov (United States) Brauner, Tomáš; Kadam, Saurabh V. 2017-03-01 The ground state of quantum chromodynamics in sufficiently strong external magnetic fields and at moderate baryon chemical potential is a chiral soliton lattice (CSL) of neutral pions [1]. We investigate the interplay between the CSL structure and dynamical electromagnetic fields. Our main result is that in presence of the CSL background, the two physical photon polarizations and the neutral pion mix, giving rise to two gapped excitations and one gapless mode with a nonrelativistic dispersion relation. The nature of this mode depends on the direction of its propagation, interpolating between a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave [2] and a neutral pion surface wave, which in turn arises from the spontaneously broken translation invariance. Quite remarkably, there is a neutral-pion-like mode that remains gapped even in the chiral limit, in seeming contradiction to the Goldstone theorem. Finally, we have a first look at the effect of thermal fluctuations of the CSL, showing that even the soft nonrelativistic excitation does not lead to the Landau-Peierls instability. However, it leads to an anomalous contribution to pressure that scales with temperature and magnetic field as T 5/2( B/f π )3/2. 9. Subthreshold Production of Neutral Pions in Heavy Ion Collisions CERN Multimedia 2002-01-01 The pion production below the threshold at 290 MeV/u (corresponding to the minimum beam velocity at which pions can be produced in nucleon-nucleon collisions) is sensitive to coherent effects in the momentum distribution of the nucleons in the internuclear collision region. Such collective or coherent effects would manifest themselves in an enhancement of the observed cross section with respect to a prediction on the basis of model momentum distributions, e.g. from the Fermi gas model. \\\\ \\\\ With neutral pions such experiments can be extended to rather low energies and rather small cross sections (in the sub-@mb range) due to the fact that the @p|0's leave the composite nuclear system undisturbed by the Coulomb forces and that their decay$\\gamma$rays can be detected with high efficiency also at very low pion momentum. In our experiments using |1|2C~ions of 60, 74 and 84~MeV/u and |1|80 of 84~MeV/u we were able to clearly sep from background from different sources. The large efficiency of the annular lead gl... 10. Sketching the pion's valence-quark generalised parton distribution CERN Document Server Mezrag, C; Moutarde, H; Roberts, C D; Rodriguez-Quintero, J; Sabatie, F; Schmidt, S M 2014-01-01 In order to learn effectively from measurements of generalised parton distributions (GPDs), it is desirable to compute them using a framework that can potentially connect empirical information with basic features of the Standard Model. We sketch an approach to such computations, based upon a rainbow-ladder (RL) truncation of QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations and exemplified via the pion's valence dressed-quark GPD,$H_\\pi^{\\rm v}(x,\\xi,t)$. Our analysis focuses primarily on$\\xi=0$, although we also capitalise on the symmetry-preserving nature of the RL truncation by connecting$H_\\pi^{\\rm v}(x,\\xi=\\pm 1,t)$with the pion's valence-quark parton distribution amplitude. We explain that the impulse-approximation used hitherto to define the pion's valence dressed-quark GPD is generally invalid owing to omission of contributions from the gluons which bind dressed-quarks into the pion. A simple correction enables us to identify a practicable improvement to the approximation for$H_\\pi^{\\rm v}(x,0,t)$, expressed as th... 11. Total cross sections for pion charge exchange on the proton Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Breitschopf, J. 2006-04-28 This work describes the measurement of total SCX cross sections employing a new 4{pi} scintillation counter to perform transmission measurements in the incident pion energy range from about 38 to 250 MeV. A small 4{pi} detector box consisting of thin plastic scintillators has been constructed. The transmission technique, which was used, relates the number of transmitted charged pions to that of incident beam pions and this way effectively counts events with neutral products. The incoming negative pions were counted by three beam defining counters before they hit a target of very well known size and chemical composition. The target was placed in the box detector which was not sensitive to the neutral particles resulting from the SCX. The total cross section for emerging neutral particles was derived from the comparison of the numbers of the incoming and transmitted charged particles. The total SCX cross section on hydrogen was derived from the transmissions of a CH{sub 2} target, a carbon target and an empty target. For a detailed offline analysis all TDC, QDC and FADC information was recorded in an event by event mode for each triggered beam event. Various corrections had to be applied to the data, such as random correction, the detection of neutrals in the detector, Dalitz decay, pion decay and the radiative pion capture. This measurement covers, as the only experiment, the whole {delta}-resonance and the sp-interference region in one single experimental setup and improves the available data base for the SCX reaction. It is shown that the description of the SCX cross sections is improved if the s-wave amplitudes, that have been fixed essentially by elastic pion-nucleon scattering data, is reduced by (4{+-}1.5)%. The exact value depends on the SCX literature data included and on the parameters of the {delta}{sup 0} Breit-Wigner resonance describing the p{sub 33}-waves. This shows that p-wave as well as s-wave effects should be considered in studies of isospin 12. In aqua vivo EPID dosimetry Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Wendling, Markus; McDermott, Leah N.; Mans, Anton; Olaciregui-Ruiz, Igor; Pecharroman-Gallego, Raul; Sonke, Jan-Jakob; Stroom, Joep; Herk, Marcel J.; Mijnheer, Ben van [Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam (Netherlands) 2012-01-15 Purpose: At the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital in vivo dosimetry using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) has been implemented for almost all high-energy photon treatments of cancer with curative intent. Lung cancer treatments were initially excluded, because the original back-projection dose-reconstruction algorithm uses water-based scatter-correction kernels and therefore does not account for tissue inhomogeneities accurately. The aim of this study was to test a new method, in aqua vivo EPID dosimetry, for fast dose verification of lung cancer irradiations during actual patient treatment. Methods: The key feature of our method is the dose reconstruction in the patient from EPID images, obtained during the actual treatment, whereby the images have been converted to a situation as if the patient consisted entirely of water; hence, the method is termed in aqua vivo. This is done by multiplying the measured in vivo EPID image with the ratio of two digitally reconstructed transmission images for the unit-density and inhomogeneous tissue situation. For dose verification, a comparison is made with the calculated dose distribution with the inhomogeneity correction switched off. IMRT treatment verification is performed for each beam in 2D using a 2D {gamma} evaluation, while for the verification of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatments in 3D a 3D {gamma} evaluation is applied using the same parameters (3%, 3 mm). The method was tested using two inhomogeneous phantoms simulating a tumor in lung and measuring its sensitivity for patient positioning errors. Subsequently five IMRT and five VMAT clinical lung cancer treatments were investigated, using both the conventional back-projection algorithm and the in aqua vivo method. The verification results of the in aqua vivo method were statistically analyzed for 751 lung cancer patients treated with IMRT and 50 lung cancer patients treated with VMAT. Results: The improvements by 13. Virtual photons in the pion form factors and the energy-momentum tensor CERN Document Server Kubis, B; Kubis, Bastian; Mei{\\ss}ner, Ulf-G. 2000-01-01 We evaluate the vector and scalar form factor of the pion in the presence of virtual photons at next-to-leading order in two-flavor chiral perturbation theory. We also consider the scalar and tensor pion form factors of the energy-momentum tensor. We find that the intrinsic electromagnetic corrections are very small for the vector and charged pion scalar form factor. The scalar radius of the neutral pion is reduced by two percent. We perform infrared regularization by considering electron-positron annihilation into pions and the decay of a light Higgs boson into a pion pair. We discuss the detector resolution dependent contributions to the various form factors and pion radii. 14. Nuclear fragmentation and charge-exchange reactions induced by pions in the$\\Delta$-resonance region CERN Document Server Feng, Zhao-Qing 2016-01-01 Dynamics of the nuclear fragmentations and the charge exchange reactions in pion-nucleus collisions near the$\\Delta$(1232) resonance energies has been investigated within the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics (LQMD) transport model. An isospin, momentum and density-dependent pion-nucleon potential is implemented in the model, which influences the pion dynamics, in particular the kinetic energy spectra, but weakly impacts the fragmentation mechanism. The absorption process in pion-nucleon collisions to form the$\\Delta$(1232) resonance dominates the heating mechanism of target nucleus. The excitation energy transferred to the target nucleus increases with the pion kinetic energy and is similar for both$\\pi^{-}$and$\\pi^{+}$induced reactions. The magnitude of fragmentation of target nucleus weakly depends on the pion energy. The isospin ratio in the pion double charge exchange is influenced by the isospin ingredient of target nucleus. 15. Technical Basis Document for PFP Area Monitoring Dosimetry Program CERN Document Server Cooper, J R 2000-01-01 This document describes the phantom dosimetry used for the PFP Area Monitoring program and establishes the basis for the Plutonium Finishing Plant's (PFP) area monitoring dosimetry program in accordance with the following requirements: Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), part 835, ''Occupational Radiation Protection'' Part 835.403; Hanford Site Radiological Control Manual (HSRCM-1), Part 514; HNF-PRO-382, Area Dosimetry Program; and PNL-MA-842, Hanford External Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual. 16. Dosimetry at a 400 keV accelerator DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Miller, A. 1992-01-01 Absolute calorimetric dosimetry and relative dose mapping methods are described for a 400 keV electron accelerator used for polymer curing and crosslinking experiments. These methods of dosimetry are also useful at accelerators used in gas cleaning processes.......Absolute calorimetric dosimetry and relative dose mapping methods are described for a 400 keV electron accelerator used for polymer curing and crosslinking experiments. These methods of dosimetry are also useful at accelerators used in gas cleaning processes.... 17. Personnel neutron dosimetry at Department of Energy facilities Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Brackenbush, L.W.; Endres, G.W.R.; Selby, J.M.; Vallario, E.J. 1980-08-01 This study assesses the state of personnel neutron dosimetry at DOE facilities. A survey of the personnel dosimetry systems in use at major DOE facilities was conducted, a literature search was made to determine recent advances in neutron dosimetry, and several dosimetry experts were interviewed. It was concluded that personnel neutron dosimeters do not meet current needs and that serious problems exist now and will increase in the future if neutron quality factors are increased and/or dose limits are lowered. 18. Large-angle production of charged pions with incident pion beams on nuclear targets CERN Document Server Apollonio, M.; Bagulya, A.; Barr, G.; Blondel, A.; Bobisut, F.; Bogomilov, M.; Bonesini, M.; Booth, C.; Borghi, S.; Bunyatov, S.; Burguet-Castell, J.; Catanesi, M.G.; Cervera-Villanueva, A.; Chimenti, P.; Coney, L.; Di Capua, E.; Dore, U.; Dumarchez, J.; Edgecock, R.; Ellis, M.; Ferri, F.; Gastaldi, U.; Giani, S.; Giannini, G.; Gibin, D.; Gilardoni, S.; Gorbunov, P.; Gossling, C.; Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Grant, A.; Graulich, J.S.; Gregoire, G.; Grichine, V.; Grossheim, A.; Guglielmi, A.; Howlett, L.; Ivanchenko, A.; Ivanchenko, V.; Kayis-Topaksu, A.; Kirsanov, M.; Kolev, D.; Krasnoperov, A.; Martin-Albo, J.; Meurer, C.; Mezzetto, M.; Mills, G.B.; Morone, M.C.; Novella, P.; Orestano, D.; Palladino, V.; Panman, J.; Papadopoulos, I.; Pastore, F.; Piperov, S.; Polukhina, N.; Popov, B.; Prior, G.; Radicioni, E.; Schmitz, D.; Schroeter, R.; Skoro, G.; Sorel, M.; Tcherniaev, E.; Temnikov, P.; Tereschenko, V.; Tonazzo, A.; Tortora, L.; Tsenov, R.; Tsukerman, I.; Vidal-Sitjes, G.; Wiebusch, C.; Zucchelli, P. 2009-01-01 Measurements of the double-differential pi+/- production cross-section in the range of momentum 100 MeV/c <= p <= 800 MeV/c and angle 0.35 rad <= theta <= 2.15 rad using pi+/- beams incident on beryllium, aluminium, carbon, copper, tin, tantalum and lead targets are presented. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN PS. The secondary pions were produced by beams in a momentum range from 3 GeV/c to 12.9 GeV/c hitting a solid target with a thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was performed using a small-radius cylindrical time projection chamber (TPC) placed inside a solenoidal magnet. Incident particles were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors. Results are obtained for the double-differential cross-sections d2sigma/dpdtheta at six incident beam momenta. Data at 3 GeV/c, 5 GeV/c, 8 GeV/c, and 12 GeV/c are available for all targets while additional data at 8.9 GeV/... 19. Large-angle production of charged pions with incident pion beams on nuclear targets CERN Document Server Apollonio, M; Bagulya, A; Barr, G; Blondel, A; Bobisut, F; Bogomilov, M; Bonesini, M; Booth, C; Borghi, S; Bunyatov, S; Burguet-Castell, J; Catanesi, M G; Cervera-Villanueva, A; Chimenti, P; Coney, L; Di Capua, E; Dore, U; Dumarchez, J; Edgecock, R; Ellis, M; Ferri, F; Gastaldi, U; Giani, S; Giannini, G; Gibin, D; Gilardoni, S; Gorbunov, P; Gößling, C; Gómez-Cadenas, J J; Grant, A; Graulich, J S; Grégoire, G; Grichine, V; Grossheim, A; Guglielmi, A; Howlett, L; Ivanchenko, A; Ivanchenko, V; Kayis-Topaksu, A; Kirsanov, M; Kolev, D; Krasnoperov, A; MartíinAlbo, J; Meurer, C; Mezzetto, M; B Mills, G; Morone, M C; Novella, P; Orestano, D; Palladino, V; Panman, J; Papadopoulos, I; Pastore, F; Piperov, S; Polukhina, N; Popov, B; Prior, G; Radicioni, E; Schmitz, D; Schroeter, R; Skoro, G; Sorel, M; Tcherniaev, E; Temnikov, P; Tereschenko, V; Tonazzo, A; Tortora, L; Tsenov, R; Tsukerman, I; Vidal-Sitjes, G; Wiebusch, C; Zucchelli, P 2009-01-01 Measurements of the double-differential pi+/- production cross-section in the range of momentum 100 MeV/c <= p <= 800 MeV/c and angle 0.35 rad <= theta <= 2.15 rad using pi+/- beams incident on beryllium, aluminium, carbon, copper, tin, tantalum and lead targets are presented. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN PS. The secondary pions were produced by beams in a momentum range from 3 GeV/c to 12.9 GeV/c hitting a solid target with a thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was performed using a small-radius cylindrical time projection chamber (TPC) placed inside a solenoidal magnet. Incident particles were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors. Results are obtained for the double-differential cross-sections d2sigma/dpdtheta at six incident beam momenta. Data at 3 GeV/c, 5 GeV/c, 8 GeV/c, and 12 GeV/c are available for all targets while additional data at 8.9 GeV/... 20. Double radiative pion capture on hydrogen and deuterium and the nucleon's pion cloud CERN Document Server Tripathi, S; Christy, M E; Clark, J H D; Gorringe, T P; Hasinoff, M D; Kovash, M A; Wright, D H; Zolnierczuk, P A 2007-01-01 We report measurements of double radiative capture in pionic hydrogen and pionic deuterium. The measurements were performed with the RMC spectrometer at the TRIUMF cyclotron by recording photon pairs from pion stops in liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets. We obtained absolute branching ratios of$(3.02 \\pm 0.27 (stat.) \\pm 0.31 (syst.)) \\times 10^{-5}$for hydrogen and$(1.42 \\pm ^{0.09}_{0.12} (stat.) \\pm 0.11 (syst.)) \\times 10^{-5}$for deuterium, and relative branching ratios of double radiative capture to single radiative capture of$(7.68 \\pm 0.69(stat.) \\pm 0.79(syst.)) \\times 10^{-5}$for hydrogen and$(5.44 \\pm^{0.34}_{0.46}(stat.) \\pm 0.42(syst.)) \\times 10^{-5}$for deuterium. For hydrogen, the measured branching ratio and photon energy-angle distributions are in fair agreement with a reaction mechanism involving the annihilation of the incident$\\pi^-$on the$\\pi^+$cloud of the target proton. For deuterium, the measured branching ratio and energy-angle distributions are qualitatively consisten... 1. Study of the Two-pion Photoproduction on the Deuteron Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Graham, Lewis P. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States) 2012-12-01 Understanding the structure of baryons in terms of the fundamental interaction of the constituent quarks and gluons is one of the primary challenges in strong interaction physics. This interaction is governed by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which is a theory for understanding the dynamics of strong. QCD displays the asymptotic freedom of hadrons at very short distances and also the confinement of quarks and gluons inside hadrons. However, solutions of this QCD theory in the non-perturbative domain of the interaction are extremely difficult to achieve, mainly because confinement happens on the hadronic scale on which the coupling constant is large and prevents any perturbative approach. Thus leaving us with strategies such as lattice QCD or formulating QCD sum rules to get around this problem. In exclusive hadron production the yN interaction is recognized for being a powerful method for investigating hadrons and the mysteries that still exist within the strong interaction. From reactions with the nucleon, the strong interaction can be investigated through the transition amplitudes to the N and Delta resonances. More specifically, if an electromagnetic interaction is well known then the intermediate resonance states may be evaluated through meson photoproduction. To gain more detailed insight into this interaction, we look to probe the baryon structure of the nucleon and the photo-excited resonance decays through photon scattering off a deuteron producing two pions in the final state. This photoproduction process off the deuteron will be used to investigate known baryon resonances in the two pion channel. The two pion final state will be investigated for unraveling new information into the photo-coupling strengths. We want to explore final state interactions, search for properties of known resonances, and to explore the possibility of seeing missing states that are predicted by quark models but have not yet been found experimentally. Using the CEBAF Large 2. Advances in nuclear particle dosimetry for radiation protection and medicine - Ninth Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry (Editorial Material, English) Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Zoetelief, J; Bos, A J.; Schuhmacher, H; McDonald, Joseph C.; Schultz, F W.; Pihet, P 2004-12-15 The Ninth Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry has been expanded to cover not only neutron radiation but heavy charged particle dosimetry as well. The applications are found in such fields as radiation protection, aircrew dosimetry, medicine, nuclear power and accelerator health physics. Scientists from many countries from around the world presented their work, and described the latest developments in techniques and instrumentation. 3. Instrumentation for the individual dosimetry of workers CERN Document Server Thévenin, J C 2003-01-01 The control of the radiation dose exposure of workers and personnel exposed to ionizing radiations (nuclear industry, nuclear medicine, army, university laboratories etc..) is ensured by individual dosemeters. This dosimetry is mandatory for all workers susceptible to be exposed to more than 30% of the regulatory dose limit. dosemeters are worn on the chest and in some particular cases, on the finger (dosemeter rings) or on the wrist. Passive dosemeters allow to measure the dose a posteriori, while electronic dosemeters allow a direct reading and recording of the dose. This article presents successively: 1 - the general principles of individual dosimetry: situations of exposure, radiation detection, operational data, standardization, calibration and quality assurance, measurement uncertainties; 2 - goals and regulatory framework of individual dosimetry: regulation and recommendations, optimization, respect of dose limits, accidental situations; 3 - passive dosemeters: film, thermoluminescent, radio-photolumin... 4. Model selection for radiochromic film dosimetry CERN Document Server Méndez, Ignasi 2015-01-01 The purpose of this study was to find the most accurate model for radiochromic film dosimetry by comparing different channel independent perturbation models. A model selection approach based on (algorithmic) information theory was followed, and the results were validated using gamma-index analysis on a set of benchmark test cases. Several questions were addressed: (a) whether incorporating the information of the non-irradiated film, by scanning prior to irradiation, improves the results; (b) whether lateral corrections are necessary when using multichannel models; (c) whether multichannel dosimetry produces better results than single-channel dosimetry; (d) which multichannel perturbation model provides more accurate film doses. It was found that scanning prior to irradiation and applying lateral corrections improved the accuracy of the results. For some perturbation models, increasing the number of color channels did not result in more accurate film doses. Employing Truncated Normal perturbations was found to... 5. Performance testing of UK personal dosimetry laboratories CERN Document Server Marshall, T O 1985-01-01 The proposed Ionising Radiations Regulations will require all UK personal dosimetry laboratories that monitor classified personnel to be approved for personal dosimetry by the Health and Safety Executive. It is suggested that these approvals should be based on general and supplementary criteria published by the British Calibration Service (BCS) for laboratory approval for the provision of personal dosimetry services. These criteria specify certain qualitative requirements and also indicate the need for regular tests of performance to be carried out to ensure constancy of dosimetric standards. This report concerns the latter. The status of the BCS criteria is discussed and the need for additional documents to cover new techniques and some modifications to existing documents is indicated. A means is described by which the technical performance of laboratories, concerned with personal monitoring for external radiations, can be assessed, both initially and ongoing. The costs to establish the scheme and operate it... 6. Bayesian Methods for Radiation Detection and Dosimetry CERN Document Server Groer, Peter G 2002-01-01 We performed work in three areas: radiation detection, external and internal radiation dosimetry. In radiation detection we developed Bayesian techniques to estimate the net activity of high and low activity radioactive samples. These techniques have the advantage that the remaining uncertainty about the net activity is described by probability densities. Graphs of the densities show the uncertainty in pictorial form. Figure 1 below demonstrates this point. We applied stochastic processes for a method to obtain Bayesian estimates of 222Rn-daughter products from observed counting rates. In external radiation dosimetry we studied and developed Bayesian methods to estimate radiation doses to an individual with radiation induced chromosome aberrations. We analyzed chromosome aberrations after exposure to gammas and neutrons and developed a method for dose-estimation after criticality accidents. The research in internal radiation dosimetry focused on parameter estimation for compartmental models from observed comp... 7. Dosimetry procedures for an industrial irradiation plant Science.gov (United States) Grahn, Ch. Accurate and reliable dosimetry procedures constitute a very important part of process control and quality assurance at a radiation processing plant. γ-Dose measurements were made on the GBS 84 irradiator for food and other products on pallets or in containers. Chemical dosimeters wre exposed in the facility under conditions of the typical plant operation. The choice of the dosimeter systems employed was based on the experience in chemical dosimetry gained over several years. Dose uniformity information was obtained in air, spices, bulbs, feeds, cosmetics, plastics and surgical goods. Most products currently irradiated require dose uniformity which can be efficiently provided by pallet or box irradiators like GBS 84. The radiation performance characteristics and some dosimetry procedures are discussed. 8. Protocol for emergency EPR dosimetry in fingernails. Science.gov (United States) Trompier, F; Kornak, L; Calas, C; Romanyukha, A; Leblanc, B; Mitchell, C A; Swartz, H M; Clairand, I 2007-08-01 There is an increased need for after-the-fact dosimetry because of the high risk of radiation exposures due to terrorism or accidents. In case of such an event, a method is needed to make measurements of dose in a large number of individuals rapidly and with sufficient accuracy to facilitate effective medical triage. Dosimetry based on EPR measurements of fingernails potentially could be an effective tool for this purpose. This paper presents the first operational protocols for EPR fingernail dosimetry, including guidelines for collection and storage of samples, parameters for EPR measurements, and the method of dose assessment. In a blinded test of this protocol application was carried out on nails freshly sampled and irradiated to 4 and 20 Gy; this protocol gave dose estimates with an error of less than 30%. 9. Reactor Dosimetry State of the Art 2008 Science.gov (United States) Voorbraak, Wim; Debarberis, Luigi; D'Hondt, Pierre; Wagemans, Jan 2009-08-01 Oral session 1: Retrospective dosimetry. Retrospective dosimetry of VVER 440 reactor pressure vessel at the 3rd unit of Dukovany NPP / M. Marek ... [et al.]. Retrospective dosimetry study at the RPV of NPP Greifswald unit 1 / J. Konheiser ... [et al.]. Test of prototype detector for retrospective neutron dosimetry of reactor internals and vessel / K. Hayashi ... [et al.]. Neutron doses to the concrete vessel and tendons of a magnox reactor using retrospective dosimetry / D. A. Allen ... [et al.]. A retrospective dosimetry feasibility study for Atucha I / J. Wagemans ... [et al.]. Retrospective reactor dosimetry with zirconium alloy samples in a PWR / L. R. Greenwood and J. P. Foster -- Oral session 2: Experimental techniques. Characterizing the Time-dependent components of reactor n/y environments / P. J. Griffin, S. M. Luker and A. J. Suo-Anttila. Measurements of the recoil-ion response of silicon carbide detectors to fast neutrons / F. H. Ruddy, J. G. Seidel and F. Franceschini. Measurement of the neutron spectrum of the HB-4 cold source at the high flux isotope reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory / J. L. Robertson and E. B. Iverson. Feasibility of cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy for dose rate monitoring on nuclear reactor / H. Tomita ... [et al.]. Measuring transistor damage factors in a non-stable defect environment / D. B. King ... [et al.]. Neutron-detection based monitoring of void effects in boiling water reactors / J. Loberg ... [et al.] -- Poster session 1: Power reactor surveillance, retrospective dosimetry, benchmarks and inter-comparisons, adjustment methods, experimental techniques, transport calculations. Improved diagnostics for analysis of a reactor pulse radiation environment / S. M. Luker ... [et al.]. Simulation of the response of silicon carbide fast neutron detectors / F. Franceschini, F. H. Ruddy and B. Petrović. NSV A-3: a computer code for least-squares adjustment of neutron spectra and measured dosimeter responses / J. G 10. Dosimetry of Low-Energy Beta Radiation DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Borg, Jette Useful techniques and procedures for derermination of absorbed doses from exposure in a low-energy beta radiation were studied and evaluated. The four techniques included were beta spectrometry, extrapolation chamber dosimetry, Monte Carlo (MC) calculations, and exoelectron dosimetry. As a typical...... low-energy beta radiation field a moderated spectrum from a carbon-14 source was used. The measured responce of a Si(Li) detector to photons (bremsstrahlung) showed fine agreemant with the MC calculated photon response, whereas the difference between measured and MC calculated response to electrons... 11. Technical basis for internal dosimetry at Hanford Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Sula, M.J.; Carbaugh, E.H.; Bihl, D.E. 1991-07-01 The Hanford Internal Dosimetry Program, administered by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the US Department of Energy, provides routine bioassay monitoring for employees who are potentially exposed to radionuclides in the workplace. This report presents the technical basis for routine bioassay monitoring and the assessment of internal dose at Hanford. The radionuclides of concern include tritium, corrosion products ({sup 58}Co, {sup 60}Co, {sup 54}Mn, and {sup 59}Fe), strontium, cesium, iodine, europium, uranium, plutonium, and americium,. Sections on each of these radionuclides discuss the sources and characteristics; dosimetry; bioassay measurements and monitoring; dose measurement, assessment, and mitigation and bioassay follow-up treatment. 78 refs., 35 figs., 115 tabs. 12. Technical basis for internal dosimetry at Hanford Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Sula, M.J.; Carbaugh, E.H.; Bihl, D.E. 1989-04-01 The Hanford Internal Dosimetry Program, administered by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the US Department of Energy, provides routine bioassay monitoring for employees who are potentially exposed to radionuclides in the workplace. This report presents the technical basis for routine bioassay monitoring and the assessment of internal dose at Hanford. The radionuclides of concern include tritium, corrosion products (/sup 58/Co, /sup 60/Co, /sup 54/Mn, and /sup 59/Fe), strontium, cesium, iodine, europium, uranium, plutonium, and americium. Sections on each of these radionuclides discuss the sources and characteristics; dosimetry; bioassay measurements and monitoring; dose measurement, assessment, and mitigation; and bioassay follow-up treatment. 64 refs., 42 figs., 118 tabs. 13. Optically stimulated luminescence in retrospective dosimetry DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Bøtter-Jensen, L.; Murray, A.S. 2002-01-01 Since the beginning of the 1990s the exploration of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in retrospective accident dosimetry has driven an intensive investigation and development programme at Riso into measurement facilities and techniques. This paper reviews some of the outcomes of this progr......Since the beginning of the 1990s the exploration of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in retrospective accident dosimetry has driven an intensive investigation and development programme at Riso into measurement facilities and techniques. This paper reviews some of the outcomes... 14. SNL RML recommended dosimetry cross section compendium Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Griffin, P.J.; Kelly, J.G.; Luera, T.F. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); VanDenburg, J. [Science and Engineering Associates, Inc., Albuquerque, NM (United States) 1993-11-01 A compendium of dosimetry cross sections is presented for use in the characterization of fission reactor spectrum and fluence. The contents of this cross section library are based upon the ENDF/B-VI and IRDF-90 cross section libraries and are recommended as a replacement for the DOSCROS84 multigroup library that is widely used by the dosimetry community. Documentation is provided on the rationale for the choice of the cross sections selected for inclusion in this library and on the uncertainty and variation in cross sections presented by state-of-the-art evaluations. 15. Dosimetry of Low-Energy Beta Radiation DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Borg, Jette Useful techniques and procedures for derermination of absorbed doses from exposure in a low-energy beta radiation were studied and evaluated. The four techniques included were beta spectrometry, extrapolation chamber dosimetry, Monte Carlo (MC) calculations, and exoelectron dosimetry. As a typical...... low-energy beta radiation field a moderated spectrum from a carbon-14 source was used. The measured responce of a Si(Li) detector to photons (bremsstrahlung) showed fine agreemant with the MC calculated photon response, whereas the difference between measured and MC calculated response to electrons... 16. A study of transverse charge density of pions in relativistic quantum mechanics%A study of transverse charge density of pions in relativistic quantum mechanics Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 董宇兵; 王翼展 2011-01-01 The transverse charge density of pions is calculated based on relativistic quantum mechanics, where the pion is regarded as a quark-antiquark bound state. Corrections from the two spin-1/2 constituents and from the wave function of a quark and antiquark i 17. Evaluation on Geant4 Hadronic Models for Pion Minus, Pion Plus and Neutron Particles as Major Antiproton Annihilation Products. Science.gov (United States) Tavakoli, Mohammad Bagher; Mohammadi, Mohammad Mehdi; Reiazi, Reza; Jabbari, Keyvan 2015-01-01 Geant4 is an open source simulation toolkit based on C++, which its advantages progressively lead to applications in research domains especially modeling the biological effects of ionizing radiation at the sub-cellular scale. However, it was shown that Geant4 does not give a reasonable result in the prediction of antiproton dose especially in Bragg peak. One of the reasons could be lack of reliable physic model to predict the final states of annihilation products like pions. Considering the fact that most of the antiproton deposited dose is resulted from high-LET nuclear fragments following pion interaction in surrounding nucleons, we reproduced depth dose curves of most probable energy range of pions and neutron particle using Geant4. We consider this work one of the steps to understand the origin of the error and finally verification of Geant4 for antiproton tracking. Geant4 toolkit version 9.4.6.p01 and Fluka version 2006.3 were used to reproduce the depth dose curves of 220 MeV pions (both negative and positive) and 70 MeV neutrons. The geometry applied in the simulations consist a 20 × 20 × 20 cm(3) water tank, similar to that used in CERN for antiproton relative dose measurements. Different physic lists including Quark-Gluon String Precompound (QGSP)_Binary Cascade (BIC)_HP, the recommended setting for hadron therapy, were used. In the case of pions, Geant4 resulted in at least 5% dose discrepancy between different physic lists at depth close to the entrance point. Even up to 15% discrepancy was found in some cases like QBBC compared to QGSP_BIC_HP. A significant difference was observed in dose profiles of different Geant4 physic list at small depths for a beam of pions. In the case of neutrons, large dose discrepancy was observed when LHEP or LHEP_EMV lists were applied. The magnitude of this dose discrepancy could be even 50% greater than the dose calculated by LHEP (or LHEP_EMV) at larger depths. We found that effect different Geant4 physic list in 18. Evaluation on Geant4 Hadronic Models for Pion Minus, Pion Plus and Neutron Particles as Major Antiproton Annihilation Products Science.gov (United States) Tavakoli, Mohammad Bagher; Mohammadi, Mohammad Mehdi; Reiazi, Reza; Jabbari, Keyvan 2015-01-01 Geant4 is an open source simulation toolkit based on C++, which its advantages progressively lead to applications in research domains especially modeling the biological effects of ionizing radiation at the sub-cellular scale. However, it was shown that Geant4 does not give a reasonable result in the prediction of antiproton dose especially in Bragg peak. One of the reasons could be lack of reliable physic model to predict the final states of annihilation products like pions. Considering the fact that most of the antiproton deposited dose is resulted from high-LET nuclear fragments following pion interaction in surrounding nucleons, we reproduced depth dose curves of most probable energy range of pions and neutron particle using Geant4. We consider this work one of the steps to understand the origin of the error and finally verification of Geant4 for antiproton tracking. Geant4 toolkit version 9.4.6.p01 and Fluka version 2006.3 were used to reproduce the depth dose curves of 220 MeV pions (both negative and positive) and 70 MeV neutrons. The geometry applied in the simulations consist a 20 × 20 × 20 cm3 water tank, similar to that used in CERN for antiproton relative dose measurements. Different physic lists including Quark-Gluon String Precompound (QGSP)_Binary Cascade (BIC)_HP, the recommended setting for hadron therapy, were used. In the case of pions, Geant4 resulted in at least 5% dose discrepancy between different physic lists at depth close to the entrance point. Even up to 15% discrepancy was found in some cases like QBBC compared to QGSP_BIC_HP. A significant difference was observed in dose profiles of different Geant4 physic list at small depths for a beam of pions. In the case of neutrons, large dose discrepancy was observed when LHEP or LHEP_EMV lists were applied. The magnitude of this dose discrepancy could be even 50% greater than the dose calculated by LHEP (or LHEP_EMV) at larger depths. We found that effect different Geant4 physic list in 19. Thermoluminescent dosimetry in computed tomography Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lara C, A.; Rivera M, T. [IPN, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Unidad Legaria, Av. Legaria 694, Col. Irrigacion, 11500 Ciudad de Mexico (Mexico); Osorio V, M. [ISSSTE, Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Felix Cuevas 540, Col. del Valle, 03100 Ciudad de Mexico (Mexico); Hernandez O, O., E-mail: armando_lara_cam@yahoo.com.mx [Hospital General de Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148, Col. Doctores, 06726 Ciudad de Mexico (Mexico) 2016-10-15 In this work we studied the dosimetry performed on CT scan in two different equipment, SOMATOM and Phillips, with 16 and 64 slice respectively. We used 51 pellets of lithium fluoride doped with magnesium and titanium (LiF: Mg, Ti) also knows as TLD-100 due to its physical properties and its easy of use, in this study, first analysis a batch of 56 pellets, but only 53 pellets were optimal for this study, cesium-137 was used as source irradiation, then proceeded to calibrate the batch with X-rays source, measuring the corresponding dose in a Farmers ionization chamber, then, we obtained a calibration curve, and we used as reference to calculation of the applied dose, finally designing ergonomic mesh, were it was deposited a TLD 100, placed in a regions of interest were made to each scan type. Once characterized our material proceeded to testing in 30 patients, which were irradiated with X-ray tube, whose operation was performed at 80, 120 kV with a current of 100, 300 and 400 m A according to scanning protocol. Overall we measured dose of 5 mGy to 53 mGy, these measurements reflect significant dose to can induced cancer, due previous reports published, that doses greater than 20 mGy there is a risk of developing cancer in the long term, but in practice when it assigned a medical diagnosis, there are no dose limits due to benefits patients, however, IAEA publish recommendations that allow us to carry out optimum handling of ionizing radiation, among these is the quality control of the tomography equipment that helps greatly reduce patient dose. (Author) 20. Kinetics model for lutate dosimetry Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lima, M.F.; Mesquita, C.H., E-mail: mflima@ipen.br, E-mail: chmesqui@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil) 2013-11-01 The use of compartmental analysis to predict the behavior of drugs in the organism is considered the better option among numerous methods employed in pharmacodynamics. A six compartments model was developed to determinate the kinetic constants of 177Lu-DOTATATO biodistribution using data from one published study with 67 patients treated by PRRT (Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) and followed by CT during 68,25 hours. The compartmental analysis was made using the software AnaComp Registered-Sign . The influence of the time pos-injection over the dose assessment was studied taking into account the renal excretion management by aminoacid coinfusion, whose direct effects persist in the first day. The biodistribution curve was split in five sectors: 0-0.25h; 0-3.25h; 3.25-24.25h; 24.25-68.25h and 3.25-68.25h. After the examination of that influence, the study was concentrated in separate the biodistribution curve in two phases. Phase 1: governed by uptake from the blood, considering the time pos-injection until 3.25h and phase 2: governed by renal excretion, considering the time pos-injection from 3.25h to 68.25h. The model considered the organs and tissues superposition in the CT image acquisition by sampling parameters as the contribution of the the activity concentration in blood and relation between the sizes of the whole body and measured organs. The kinetic constants obtained from each phase (1 and 2) were used in dose assessment to patients in 26 organs and tissues described by MIRD. Dosimetry results were in agreement with the available results from literature, restrict to whole body, kidneys, bone marrow, spleen and liver. The advantage of the proposed model is the compartmental method quickness and power to estimate dose in organs and tissues, including tumor that, in the most part, were not discriminate by voxels of phantoms built using CT images. (author) 1. Charged pion anisotropy in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Poitou, J.; L' Hote, D.; Cavata, C.; Babinet, R.; Demoulins, M.; Fanet, H.; Gosset, J.; Lemaire, M.C.; Le Merdy, A.; Lucas, B.; Terrien, Y.; Valette, O. (CEN Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)); Alard, J.P.; Augerat, J.; Bastid, N.; Charmensat, P.; Dupieux, P.; Fraysse, L.; Marroncle, J.; Montarou, G.; Parizet, M.J.; Rahmani, A. (LPC Clermont-Ferrand, 63 - Aubiere (France)); Brochard, F.; Gorodetzky, P.; Racca, C. (CRN, 67 - Strasbourg (France)) 1992-01-27 The momentum distributions with respect to the reaction plane for charged pions emitted in Ne-nucleus and Ar-nucleus collisions have been measured with the 4{pi} detector Diogene at the Saturne synchrotron. The reaction plane is estimated from the baryon momenta, using a standard technique for flow analysis. The pions exhibit a non-zero flow. For asymmetric systems, there is a preferential emission in the direction of the lighter (projectile) nucleus. Such a behaviour contradicts the predictions of INC calculations and is underestimated by QMD calculations which include mean field effects. It can be interpreted with a simple geometrical model in terms of absorption by the spectator nuclear matter. (orig.). 2. Charm Physics with Domain Wall Fermions and Physical Pion Masses CERN Document Server Boyle, Peter; Jüttner, Andreas; Khamseh, Ava; Sanfilippo, Francesco; Tsang, Justus Tobias; Witzel, Oliver 2016-01-01 We present RBC/UKQCD's charm project using$N_f=2+1$flavour ensembles with inverse lattice spacings in the range$1.73-2.77\\,\\mathrm{GeV}$and two physical pion mass ensembles. Domain wall fermions are used for the light as well as the charm quarks. We discuss our strategy for the extraction of the decay constants$f_D$and$f_{D_s}$and their extrapolation to the continuum limit, physical pion masses and the physical heavy quark mass. Our preliminary results are$f_D=208.7(2.8)\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$and$f_{D_s}=246.4(1.9)\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$where the quoted error is statistical only. We outline our current approach to extend the reach in the heavy quark mass and present preliminary results. 3. Pion Form Factor in QCD at Intermediate Momentum Transfers CERN Document Server Braun, V M; Maul, M 1999-01-01 We present a quantitative analysis of the electromagnetic pion form factor in the light-cone sum rule approach, including radiative corrections and higher-twist effects. The comparison to the existing data favors the asymptotic profile of the pion distribution amplitude and allows to estimate the deviation:$(\\int du/u \\phi_\\pi(u))/ (\\int du/u \\phi^{\\rm as}_\\pi(u))=$1.1$\\pm$0.1 at the scale 1 GeV. Special attention is payed to the precise definition and interplay of soft and hard contributions at intermediate momentum transfer, and to matching of the sum rule to the perturbative QCD prediction. We observe a strong numerical cancellation between the soft (end point) contribution and power suppressed hard contributions of higher twist, so that the total nonperturbative correction to the usual pQCD result turns out to be of order 30% for$Q^2\\sim 1$GeV$^2$. 4. Pion Electroproduction form Helium 3, Deuterium, and Hydrogen Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) S. Avery 2002-05-01 A series of measurements for pion electroproduction from helium-3, deuterium, and hydrogen were completed at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility by the NucPi Collaboration. E91003 began taking data in February 1998 and was completed in April 1998. The longitudinal and transverse parts of the differential cross section were extracted, by means of a Rosenbluth type separation, in the direction parallel to the virtual photon, at Q 2 = 0.4 GeV 2 , for W = 1.15 and W = 1.6 GeV. The mass dependence of the longitudinal cross section should provide insight into the surprising apparent absence of any significant cross section enhancement due to excess pions in the nuclear medium. 5. Pion Electroproduction form Helium 3, Deuterium, and Hydrogen Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Avery, Stephen Milton [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States) 2002-05-01 A series of measurements for pion electroproduction from helium-3, deuterium, and hydrogen were completed at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility by the NucPi Collaboration. E91003 began taking data in February 1998 and was completed in April 1998. The longitudinal and transverse parts of the differential cross section were extracted, by means of a Rosenbluth type separation, in the direction parallel to the virtual photon, at Q 2 = 0.4 GeV 2 , for W = 1.15 and W = 1.6 GeV. The mass dependence of the longitudinal cross section should provide insight into the surprising apparent absence of any significant cross section enhancement due to excess pions in the nuclear medium. 6. Negative Pion Induced Fission with Heavy Target Nuclei Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) G. Sher; Mukhtar A. Rana; S. Manzoor; M. I. Shahzad 2011-01-01 We investigate fission induced by negative pions in copper and bismuth targets using CR-39 dielectric track detectors. The target-detector assemblies in Air-geometric configuration were exposed at the AGS facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA. The exposed detectors were chemically etched under appropriate etching conditions and scanned to collect data in the form of fission fragments tracks produced as a result of interaction of pions with the target nuclei. Using the track counts, the experimental fission cross sections for copper and bismuth have been measured at energies of 500, 672, 1068 and 1665 MeV and compared with the calculation using the Cascade-Exciton Model code (CEM95). The values of fission probability based on experimental fission cross-sections have been compared with the theoretically calculated values of fission probabilities obtained using the CEM95 code. Good agreement is observed between the measured and computed results. 7. Unitary theory of pion photoproduction in the chiral bag model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Araki, M.; Afnan, I.R. 1987-07-01 We present a multichannel unitary theory of single pion photoproduction from a baryon B. Here, B is the nucleon or ..delta..(1232), with possible extension to include the Roper resonance and strange baryons. We treat the baryon as a three-quark state within the framework of the gauge and chiral Lagrangian, derived from the Lagrangian for the chiral bag model. By first exposing two-body, and then three-body unitarity, taking into consideration the ..pi pi..B and ..gamma pi..B intermediate states, we derive a set of equations for the amplitudes both on and off the energy shell. The Born term in the expansion of the amplitude has the new feature that the vertices in the pole diagram are undressed, while those in the crossed, contact, and pion pole diagrams are dressed. 8. Unitary theory of pion photoproduction in the chiral bag model Science.gov (United States) Araki, M.; Afnan, I. R. 1987-07-01 We present a multichannel unitary theory of single pion photoproduction from a baryon B. Here, B is the nucleon or Δ(1232), with possible extension to include the Roper resonance and strange baryons. We treat the baryon as a three-quark state within the framework of the gauge and chiral Lagrangian, derived from the Lagrangian for the chiral bag model. By first exposing two-body, and then three-body unitarity, taking into consideration the ππB and γπB intermediate states, we derive a set of equations for the amplitudes both on and off the energy shell. The Born term in the expansion of the amplitude has the new feature that the vertices in the pole diagram are undressed, while those in the crossed, contact, and pion pole diagrams are dressed. 9. Valence-quark distribution functions in the kaon and pion CERN Document Server Chen, Chen; Roberts, Craig D; Wan, Shaolong; Zong, Hong-Shi 2016-01-01 We describe expressions for pion and kaon dressed-quark distribution functions that incorporate contributions from gluons which bind quarks into these mesons and hence overcome a flaw of the commonly used handbag approximation. The distributions therewith obtained are purely valence in character, ensuring that dressed-quarks carry all a meson's momentum at a characteristic hadronic scale and vanishing as$(1-x)^2$when Bjorken-$x\\to 1$. Comparing such distributions within the pion and kaon, it is apparent that the size of SU(3)-flavour symmetry breaking in meson parton distribution functions is modulated by the flavour dependence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Corrections to these leading-order formulae may be divided into two classes, responsible for shifting dressed-quark momentum into glue and sea-quarks. Working with available empirical information, we build an algebraic framework that is capable of expressing the principal impact of both classes of corrections. This enables a realistic comparison... 10. Eta Production from Hydrogen using Pion and Kaon Beams. Science.gov (United States) Tippens, W. Bradford 1999-10-01 Eta meson production data from pions and kaons near threshold are scarce and of poor quality. These data are important for determining the η n and ηΛ scattering lengths and for determining the role of resonances in the η production process. Both processes interestingly have dominant production resonances with masses very near the reaction threshold, which complicates the determination of the resonance parameters. Precision η production data from pions are needed to help resolve ambiguities in the determination of the resonance parameters of the N S_11 resonance and in the determination of the helicity amplitudes for η photoproduction. We report differential cross sections for η production near threshold from the reactions π^- p→ η n and K^- p→ ηΛ based upon data recently taken by the Crystal Ball Collaboration. Excitation functions and angular distributions will be presented. Angular distributions from both reactions show significant deviation from S-wave production. 11. Proton to pion ratio at RHIC from dynamical quark recombination CERN Document Server Ayala, Alejandro; Paic, Guy; Toledo-Sanchez, Genaro 2008-01-01 We propose an scenario to study, from a dynamical point of view, the thermal recombination of quarks in the midsts of a relativistic heavy-ion collision. We coin the term dynamical quark recombination to refer to the process of quark-antiquark and three-quark clustering, to form mesons and baryons, respectively, as a function of energy density. Using the string-flip model we show that the probabilities to form such clusters differ. We apply these ideas to the calculation of the proton and pion spectra in a Bjorken-like scenario that incorporates the evolution of these probabilities with proper time and compute the proton to pion ratio, comparing to recent RHIC data at the highest energy. We show that for a standard choice of parameters, this ratio reaches one, though the maximum is very sensitive to the initial evolution proper time. 12. Effective field theory for pions and a dilatonic meson CERN Document Server Golterman, Maarten 2016-01-01 Numerical simulations of QCD-like theories which are chirally broken but exhibit a very small beta function reveal a flavor-singlet scalar, or "dilatonic meson," which is much lighter than any other states except pions. We develop a systematic low-energy expansion for the pions and the dilatonic meson, in which the presence of the latter is attributed to an approximate scale symmetry. In order to justify the power counting we invoke the Veneziano limit, in which the number of flavors$N_f$in the fundamental representation grows in proportion with the number of colors$N_c$, while the ratio$N_f/N_c$is kept close to, but below, the critical value where the conformal window is entered. 13. Neutrino Induced Coherent Pion Production off Nuclei and PCAC CERN Document Server Hernández, E; Vicente-Vacas, M J 2009-01-01 We have critically reviewed the commonly used Rein--Sehgal model for neutrino induced coherent pion production. We have studied the validity of the main approximations implicit in that model, trying to compare with physical observables when that is possible and with microscopical calculations. Next, we have tried to elaborate a new improved model by removing the more problematic approximations, while keeping the model still reasonably simple. Last, we have discussed the limitations intrinsic to any approach based on the partial conservation of the axial current hypothesis. In particular, we have shown the inability of such models to determine the angular distribution of the outgoing pion with respect to the direction of the incoming neutrino, except for the$q^2= 0$kinematical point. 14. Effective Lagrangian Approach to pion photoproduction from the nucleon CERN Document Server Fernandez-Ramirez, C; Udias, J M 2006-01-01 We present a pion photoproduction model on the free nucleon based on an Effective Lagrangian Approach (ELA) which includes the nucleon resonances ($\\Delta(1232)$, N(1440), N(1520), N(1535),$\\Delta (1620)$, N(1650), and$\\Delta (1700)$), in addition to Born and vector meson exchange terms. The model incorporates a new theoretical treatment of spin-3/2 resonances, first introduced by Pascalutsa, avoiding pathologies present in previous models. Other main features of the model are chiral symmetry, gauge invariance, and crossing symmetry. We use the model combined with modern optimization techniques to assess the parameters of the nucleon resonances on the basis of world data on electromagnetic multipoles. We present results for electromagnetic multipoles, differential cross sections, asymmetries, and total cross sections for all one pion photoproduction processes on free nucleons. We find overall agreement with data from threshold up to 1 GeV in laboratory frame. 15. The Electromagnetic Mass Difference of Pions at Low Temperature CERN Document Server Manuel, C 1999-01-01 We compute low temperature corrections to the electromagnetic mass difference of pions in the chiral limit. The computation is done in a model independent way in the framework of chiral perturbation theory, using the background field method and the hard thermal loop approximation. We also generalize at low temperature the sum rule of Das et al. We find that the mass difference between the charged and neutral pions decreases at low temperature$T$with respect to the T=0 value. This is so in spite of the fact that charged particles always get a thermal correction to their masses of order$\\sim eT$, where$e$is the gauge coupling constant. Our result can be understood as a consequence of the tendency towards chiral symmetry restoration at finite temperature. 16. Spontaneous pion emission as a new natural radioactivity Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Ion, D.B.; Ivascu, M.; Ion-Mihai, R. 1986-10-15 In this paper the pionic nuclear radioactivity or spontaneous pion emission by a nucleus from its ground state is investigated. The Q/sub ..pi../-values as well as the statistical factors are calculated using the experimental masses tabulated by Wapstra and Audi. Then it was shown that the pionic radioactivity of the nuclear ground state is energetically possible via three-body channels for all nuclides with Z>80. This new type of natural radioactivity is statistically favored especially for Z = 92-106 for which F/sub ..pi..//F/sub S//sub F/ = 40-200 (MeV)/sup 2/. Experimental detection of the neutral pion and also some possible emission mechanisms are discussed. 17. Isospin considerations in correlations of pions and B mesons CERN Document Server Dunietz, Isard 1995-01-01 The correlations between a B meson and a pion produced nearby in phase space should respect isospin reflection symmetry I_3 \\to -I_3. Thus, one generally expects similar \\pi^+ B^0 and \\pi^- B^+ correlations (non-exotic channels), and similar \\pi^- B^0 and \\pi^+ B^+ correlations (exotic channels). Exceptions include (a) fragmentation processes involving exchange of quarks with the producing system, (b) misidentification of charged kaons as charged pions, and (c) effects of decay products of the associated \\overline{B}. All of these can affect the apparent signal for correlations of charged B mesons with charged hadrons. The identification of the flavor of neutral B mesons through the decay B^0 \\to K^{*0} J/\\psi requires good particle identification in order that the decay K^{*0} \\to K^+ \\pi^- not be mistaken for \\overline{K}^{*0} \\to K^- \\pi^+, in which case the correlations of neutral B mesons with hadrons can be underestimated. 18. Charm meson scattering cross sections by pion and rho meson CERN Document Server Lin Zi Wei; Ko, C M 2001-01-01 Using the local flavor SU(4) gauge invariance in the limit of vanishing vector-meson masses, we extend our previous study of charm-meson scattering cross sections by pion and rho meson, which is based only on the pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar-vector meson couplings, to include also contributions from the couplings among three vector mesons and among four particles. We find that diagrams with light-meson exchanges usually dominate the cross sections. For the processes considered previously, the additional interactions lead only to diagrams involving charm-meson exchanges and contact interactions, and the cross sections for these processes are thus not much affected. Nevertheless, these additional interactions introduce new processes with light-meson exchanges and increase significantly the total scattering cross sections of charm mesons by pion and rho meson. 19. Quark mass functions and pion structure in Minkowski space Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Biernat, Elmer P. [CFTP, Institute Superior Tecnico; Gross, Franz L. [JLAB; Pena, Maria Teresa [CFTP, Institute Superior Tecnico; Stadler, Alfred [University of Evora 2014-03-01 We present a study of the dressed quark mass function and the pion structure in Minkowski space using the Covariant Spectator Theory (CST). The quark propagators are dressed with the same kernel that describes the interaction between different quarks. We use an interaction kernel in momentum space that is a relativistic generalization of the linear confining q-qbar potential and a constant potential shift that defines the energy scale. The confining interaction has a Lorentz scalar part that is not chirally invariant by itself but decouples from the equations in the chiral limit and therefore allows the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism to work. We adjust the parameters of our quark mass function calculated in Minkowski-space to agree with LQCD data obtained in Euclidean space. Results of a calculation of the pion electromagnetic form factor in the relativistic impulse approximation using the same mass function are presented and compared with experimental data. 20. Dynamical coupled-channels model study of pion photoproduction CERN Document Server Huang, F; Haberzettl, H; Haidenbauer, J; Hanhart, C; Krewald, S; ner, U -G Meiß; Nakayama, K 2011-01-01 The photoproduction of pion off nucleon is investigated within a dynamical coupled-channels approach based on the Juelich pi-N model, which has been quite successful in the description of pi-N to pi-N scattering for center-of-mass energies up to 1.9 GeV. The full pion photoproduction amplitude is constructed to satisfy the generalized Ward-Takahashi identity and hence, it is fully gauge invariant. The calculated differential cross sections and photon spin asymmetries up to 1.65 GeV center-of-mass energy for the reactions gamma p to pi^+ n, gamma p to pi^0 p and gamma n to pi^- p are in good agreement with the experimental data. 1. Measurement of Neutrino Induced, Charged Current, Charged Pion Production Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Wilking, Michael Joseph [Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States) 2009-05-01 Neutrinos are among the least understood particles in the standard model of particle physics. At neutrino energies in the 1 GeV range, neutrino properties are typically determined by observing the outgoing charged lepton produced in a charged current quasi-elastic interactions. The largest charged current background to these measurements comes from charged current pion production interactions, for which there is very little available data. 2. First Measurements of Pion Correlations by the PHENIX Experiment Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Johnson, S C 2001-04-11 First identical-pion correlations measured at RHIC energies by PHENIX are presented. Two analyses with separate detectors, systematics, and statistics provide consistent results. The resulting HBT radii are moderately larger than those measured at lower energies. The k{sub t} dependence of the Bertsch-Pratt HBT radii is also similar to previous measures and is consistent with the conjecture of an expanding source. 3. Charged Current Coherent Pion Production in Neutrino Scattering CERN Document Server Martins, Paul 2016-01-01 We summarise here the main differences of three models of neutrino-induced coherent pion production, namely the Rein-Sehgal and Berger-Sehgal models based on the Partially Conserved Axial Current theorem and the Alvarez-Ruso \\textit{et al.} model which is using a microscopic approach. Their predictions in the event generators are compared against recent experimental measurements for a neutrino energy from 0.5 to 20 GeV. 4. Exclusive processes in position space and the pion distribution amplitude OpenAIRE Braun, Vladimir M.; Müller, Dieter 2007-01-01 We suggest to carry out lattice calculations of current correlators in position space, sandwiched between the vacuum and a hadron state (e.g. pion), in order to access hadronic light-cone distribution amplitudes (DAs). In this way the renormalization problem for composite lattice operators is avoided altogether, and the connection to the DA is done using perturbation theory in the continuum. As an example, the correlation function of two electromagnetic currents is calculated to the next-to-n... 5. Single pion contribution to the hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen CERN Document Server Huong, Nguyen Thu; Moussallam, Bachir 2015-01-01 We consider the simple one-pion exchange (Yukawa potential) contribution to the 2S hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen which had, until recently, been disregarded. We evaluate the relevant vertex amplitudes, in particular$\\pi^0\\mu^+\\mu^-$, combining low energy chiral expansions together with experimental data on$\\pi^0$and$\\eta$decays. The result for the 2S HFS is found to be small but not irrelevant. 6. Roy-Steiner-equation analysis of pion-nucleon scattering CERN Document Server Hoferichter, Martin; Kubis, Bastian; Meißner, Ulf-G 2015-01-01 We review the structure of Roy-Steiner equations for pion-nucleon scattering, the solution for the partial waves of the t-channel process$\\pi\\pi\\to \\bar N N$, as well as the high-accuracy extraction of the pion-nucleon S-wave scattering lengths from data on pionic hydrogen and deuterium. We then proceed to construct solutions for the lowest partial waves of the s-channel process$\\pi N\\to \\pi N$and demonstrate that accurate solutions can be found if the scattering lengths are imposed as constraints. Detailed error estimates of all input quantities in the solution procedure are performed and explicit parameterizations for the resulting low-energy phase shifts as well as results for subthreshold parameters and higher threshold parameters are presented. Furthermore, we discuss the extraction of the pion-nucleon$\\sigma$-term via the Cheng-Dashen low-energy theorem, including the role of isospin-breaking corrections, to obtain a precision determination consistent with all constraints from analyticity, unitarity... 7. Quark and pion effective couplings from polarization effects Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Braghin, Fabio L. [Federal University of Goias, Instituto de Fisica, Goiania, GO (Brazil) 2016-05-15 A flavor SU(2) effective model for pions and quarks is derived by considering polarization effects departing from the usual quark-quark effective interaction induced by dressed gluon exchange, i.e. a global color model for QCD. For that, the quark field is decomposed into a component that yields light mesons and the quark-antiquark condensate, being integrated out by means of the auxiliary field method, and another component which yields constituent quarks, which is basically a background quark field. Within a long-wavelength and weak quark field expansion (or large quark effective mass expansion) of a quark determinant, the leading terms are found up to the second order in a zero-order derivative expansion, by neglecting vector mesons that are considerably heavier than the pion. Pions are considered in the structureless limit and, besides the chiral invariant terms that reproduce previously derived expressions, symmetry breaking terms are also presented. The leading chiral quark-quark effective couplings are also found corresponding to a NJL and a vector-NJL couplings. All the resulting effective coupling constants and parameters are expressed in terms of the current and constituent quark masses and of the coupling g. (orig.) 8. Precision determination of the lifetime of the neutral pion CERN Multimedia 2002-01-01 The experiment aims at a determination of the lifetime of the neutral pion with an accuracy of 1\\%, as against at present 5\\% for the best measurement by the indirect, Primakoff method, and 18\\% by a direct measurement. \\\\\\\\2 gold foils with different separations are traversed by the extracted proton beam to the High Intensity Area. Positive particles of 160 GeV/c momentum from this target are transported by the H6 beam to the North Area. The electron component is separated from heavier particles by synchrotron losses in the bending magnets, and is further identified by a lead glass Cerenkov counter, in coincidence with scintillation counters (Fig. 1).\\\\\\\\ The electron flux from the double foil target depends on the distance between the foils, since for small separations the neutral pions will have to decay before electrons can be materialised by the decay$\\gamma$rays.\\\\\\\\ The average momentum of neutral pions from a 400 GeV pN reaction, giving a 160 GeV/c electron, is about 250 GeV/c, and the corresponding... 9. Pion transition form factor in k_T factorization CERN Document Server Li, Hsiang-nan 2009-01-01 It has been pointed out that the recent BaBar data on the pi gamma^* -> gamma transition form factor F_{pi gamma}(Q^2) at low (high) momentum transfer squared Q^2 indicate an asymptotic (flat) pion distribution amplitude. These seemingly contradictory observations can be reconciled in the k_T factorization theorem: the increase of the measured Q^2F_{pi gamma}(Q^2) for Q^2 > 10 GeV^2 is explained by convoluting a k_T dependent hard kernel with a flat pion distribution amplitude, k_T being a parton transverse momentum. The low Q^2 data are accommodated by including the resummation of alpha_s ln^2x, x being a parton momentum fraction, which provides a stronger suppression at the endpoints of x. The next-to-leading-order correction to the pion transition form factor is found to be less than 20% in the considered range of Q^2. 10. Pion dynamics in nuclear collisions at SIS Energies Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Senger, P. (Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt (Germany) Frankfurt Univ. (Germany) Marburg Univ. (Germany) Cracow Univ. (Poland)); KaoS Collaboration 1993-01-01 Heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies provide the unique possibility of investigating the properties of hot and compressed nuclear matter in the laboratory. According to microscopic transport calculations a baryon density of 2-3 [rho][sub o] can be reached for about 5 x 10[sup -23]s in a volume of approximately 100 fm[sup 3]. In order to extract information on nuclear matter properties from such a collision, the effects of the reaction dynamics on the experimental observables has to be understood. The most important dissipative process in a nuclear reaction around 1.0 GeV/u bombarding energy is the resonance excitation of nucleons, such as N N [yields] N [Delta] and N N [yields] N N*. The abundant baryonic resonances play a key role in the subthreshold production of particles like kaons, etas and antiprotons. With high probability these resonances decay by emitting pions as a reminder of a transient stage of hadronic matter. Therefore, pion production is a crucial test for theoretical models aiming to describe the reaction mechanism and subthreshold particle production. The high pion abundancy permits exploration of the space-time evolution of a nuclear collision. (author). 11. Two-pion interferometry for viscous hydrodynamic sources Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Efaaf M.J.; SU Zhong-Qian; ZHANG Wei-Ning 2012-01-01 The space-time evolution of the (1+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics with an initial quarkgluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is studied numerically.The particleemitting sources undergo a crossover transition from the QGP to hadronic gas.We take into account a usual shear viscosity for the strongly coupled QGP as well as the bulk viscosity which increases significantly in the crossover region.The two-pion Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) interferometry for the viscous hydrodynamic sources is performed.The HBT analyses indicate that the viscosity effect on the two-pion HBT results is small if only the shear viscosity is taken into consideration in the calculations.The bulk viscosity leads to a larger transverse freeze-out configuration of the pion-emitting sources,and thus increases the transverse HBT radii.The results of the longitudinal HBT radius for the source with Bjorken longitudinal scaling are consistent with the experimental data. 12. Two-pion correlations in heavy ion collisions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Zajc, W.A. 1982-08-01 An application of intensity interferometry to relativistic heavy ion collisions is reported. Specifically, the correlation between two like-charged pions is used to study the reactions Ar+KCl..-->..2..pi../sup +-/+X and Ne+NaF..-->..2..pi../sup -/+X. Source sizes are obtained that are consistent with a simple geometric interpretation. Lifetimes are less well determined but are indicative of a faster pion production process than predicted by Monte Carlo cascade calculations. There appears to be a substantial coherent component of the pion source, although measurement is complicated by the presence of final state interactions. Additionally, the generation of spectra of uncorrelated events is discussed. In particular, the influence of the correlation function on the background spectrum is analyzed, and a prescription for removal of this influence is given. A formulation to describe the statistical errors in the background is also presented. Finally, drawing from the available literature, a self-contained introduction to Bose-Einstein correlations and the Hanbury-Brown - Twiss effect is provided, with an emphasis on points of contact between classical and quantum mechanical descriptions. 13. Pion decay within the framework of Very Special Relativity CERN Document Server Nayak, Alekha C 2016-01-01 We illustrate some new and novel effects which arise in decay and scattering experiments within the framework of Very Special Relativity (VSR) using the charged pion decay process as an example. It is assumed that there is a small violation of Lorentz invariance and the true symmetry group of nature is a subgroup called SIM(2). This symmetry group postulates the existence of a fundamental or preferred direction in space-time. We construct effective interaction terms which violate Lorentz invariance but respect SIM(2) and impose a limit on the corresponding coupling strength using the observed pion decay rate. We also predict a shift in the angular dependence of the decay products due to VSR. In particular we find that these no longer display azimuthal symmetry with respect to the momentum of the pion. Furthermore the azimuthal and polar angle distributions show time dependence with a period of a sidereal day. This time dependence provides us with a novel method to test VSR in future experiments. 14. Experiments on the Nuclear Interactions of Pions and Electrons Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Ralph C. Minehart 2005-04-15 This is the final technical report. Yearly Progress Reports were submitted throughout the duration of the project. Along with our publications, these reports provide a detailed record of our accomplishments. This report largely consists of a summary of the technical activities carried out during last 2-1/2 years of the project, along with a list of papers published in the period from 2002-2005. Our work during this period involved the following: 1. Electro-production of excited states of the nucleon through the analysis of exclusive single pion production reactions induced by polarized electrons incident on both polarized and unpolarized nucleon targets. (JLab) 2. Measurement of proton and deuteron spin structure functions in and above the nucleon resonance region at low and moderate$Q^2$, using inclusive electron-proton and electron deuteron scattering (JLAB). 3. Contributions to the PRIMEX experiment (JLab). 4. A precise measurement of the branching ratio for pion beta decay was carried out along with other members of the PIBETA collaboration (PSI). The first three, labeled JLab, were experiments made with the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson Laboratory in Newport News, VA. The PIBETA experiment was carried out using a low energy pion beam at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Villigen, Switzerland. 15. Pion- and proton-nucleus interactions at intermediate energy Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Dehnhard, D. 1992-02-01 {pi}-meson and proton beams from the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) and the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) were used in scattering and reaction experiments on atomic nuclei. The experimental data allow tests of models of the reaction mechanism and of nuclear structure. For example, the asymmetries observed in a pion scattering experiment on polarized {sup 13}C nuclei were found to contain unique information on the isoscalar spin density. However, further experiments on polarized nuclei of simpler structure are needed to provide the data for a thorough analysis of the reaction mechanism. For this reason a pion scattering experiment on a polarized {sup 3}He target is planned and a high-resolution study on {sup 6}Li({pi},{pi}{prime}) will be done. An analysis of {pi}-triton coincidence events from the {sup 4}He({pi},{pi}{prime}t)p reaction yielded evidence for direct triton knock-out from {sup 4}He. This work will be continued at higher incident pion energies. Additional work on the {sup 4}He(p,n) reaction at IUCF is planned to determine the isovector strength in mass-4 nuclei and the level parameters of {sup 4}Li. 16. Pion transition form factor in k{sub T} factorization Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Li, Hsiang-nan [Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (China). Inst. of Physics; Tsing-Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan (China). Dept. of Phyiscs; National Cheng-Kung Univ., Tainan, Taiwan (China). Dept. of Physics; National Cheng-Chi Univ, Taipei, Taiwan (China). Inst. of Applied Physics; Mishima, Satoshi [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany) 2009-07-15 It has been pointed out that the recent BaBar data on the {pi}{gamma}{sup *} {yields} {gamma} transition form factor F{sub {pi}}{sub {gamma}}(Q{sup 2}) at low (high) momentum transfer squared Q{sup 2} indicate an asymptotic (flat) pion distribution amplitude. These seemingly contradictory observations can be reconciled in the k{sub T} factorization theorem: the increase of the measured Q{sup 2}FF{sub {pi}}{sub {gamma}}(Q{sup 2}) for Q{sup 2} > 10 GeV{sup 2} is explained by convoluting a k{sub T} dependent hard kernel with a flat pion distribution amplitude, k{sub T} being a parton transverse momentum. The low Q{sup 2} data are accommodated by including the resummation of {alpha}{sub s} ln{sup 2}x, x being a parton momentum fraction, which provides a stronger suppression at the endpoints of x. The next-to-leading-order correction to the pion transition form factor is found to be less than 20% in the considered range of Q{sup 2}. (orig.) 17. Inelastic pion scattering by /sup 13/C at low energies Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Mitchell, J.H. 1987-03-01 Angular distributions for inelastically scattered pions were obtained for several states in /sup 13/C at an incident energy of 65 MeV. The data include results from both ..pi../sup +/ and ..pi../sup -/ measurements. In addition, ..pi../sup -/ measurements were made at T/sub ..pi../ = 50 MeV at one angle to give a two point fixed-q excitation function. The data are compared to theory and the data of others. As might be expected, medium corrections are shown to be considerably more important at low energies than at resonance. This is true for inelastic transitions of multipolarity 0,2 and 3. Parameters derived from an analysis of elastic pion scattering and SCX data also provide an adequate description of the inelastic transitions. The charge asymmetry in the cross sections for the 9/2/sup +/ state that was seen at resonance persists at these energies. This result is consistent with an impulse approximation treatment of the spin-flip amplitude. This is true even though the incoming energy of the pions is far below the range where the validity of an impulse treatment is expected. 65 refs., 45 figs. 18. Roy-Steiner-equation analysis of pion-nucleon scattering Science.gov (United States) Hoferichter, Martin; Ruiz de Elvira, Jacobo; Kubis, Bastian; Meißner, Ulf-G. 2016-04-01 We review the structure of Roy-Steiner equations for pion-nucleon scattering, the solution for the partial waves of the t-channel process ππ → N ¯ N, as well as the high-accuracy extraction of the pion-nucleon S-wave scattering lengths from data on pionic hydrogen and deuterium. We then proceed to construct solutions for the lowest partial waves of the s-channel process πN → πN and demonstrate that accurate solutions can be found if the scattering lengths are imposed as constraints. Detailed error estimates of all input quantities in the solution procedure are performed and explicit parameterizations for the resulting low-energy phase shifts as well as results for subthreshold parameters and higher threshold parameters are presented. Furthermore, we discuss the extraction of the pion-nucleon σ-term via the Cheng-Dashen low-energy theorem, including the role of isospin-breaking corrections, to obtain a precision determination consistent with all constraints from analyticity, unitarity, crossing symmetry, and pionic-atom data. We perform the matching to chiral perturbation theory in the subthreshold region and detail the consequences for the chiral convergence of the threshold parameters and the nucleon mass. 19. Low-energy pions in nuclear matter and 2pi photoproduction within a BUU transport model CERN Document Server Buss, O; Mosel, U; Mühlich, P; Alvarez-Ruso, Luis; Buss, Oliver; Mosel, Ulrich; Muehlich, Pascal 2006-01-01 A description of low-energy scattering of pions and nuclei within a BUU transport model is presented. Implementing different scenarios of medium modifications, the mean free path of pions in nuclear matter at low momenta and pion absorption reactions on nuclei have been studied and compared to data and to results obtained via quantum mechanical scattering theory. We show that even in a regime of a long pionic wave length the semi-classical transport model is still a reliable framework for pion kinetic energies greater than ~20-30 MeV. Results are presented on pion-absorption cross sections in the regime of 10 MeV < E(kin) < 130 MeV and on photon-induced double-pion production at incident beam energies of 400-500 MeV. 20. Chaoticity parameter$\\lambda$in two-pion interferometry in an expanding boson gas model CERN Document Server Liu, Jie; Zhang, Wei-Ning; Wong, Cheuk-Yin 2014-01-01 We investigate the chaoticity parameter$\\lambda$in two-pion interferometry in an expanding boson gas model. The degree of Bose-Einstein condensation of identical pions, density distributions, and Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) correlation functions are calculated for the expanding gas within the mean-field description with a harmonic oscillator potential. The results indicate that a sources with thousands of identical pions may exhibit a degree of Bose-Einstein condensation at the temperatures during the hadronic phase in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This finite condensation may decrease the chaoticity parameter$\\lambda$in the two-pion interferometry measurements at low pion pair momenta, but influence only slightly the$\\lambda$value at high pion pair momentum. 1. Two pion Bose-Einstein correlations in anti pp annihilations at rest Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Adler, R.; Alhalel, T.; Angelopoulos, A.; Apostolakis, A.; Aslanides, E.; Backenstoss, G.; Bee, C.P.; Bennet, J.; Bertin, V.; Bienlein, J.K.; Bloch, P.; Bula, C.; Carlson, P.; Carvalho, J.; Cawley, E.; Charalambous, S.; Chardalas, M.; Chardin, G.; Danielsson, M.; Dedoussis, S.; Dejardin, M.; Derre, J.; Dodgson, M.; Dousse, J.C.; Duclos, J.; Ealet, A.; Eckart, B.; Eleftheriadis, C.; Evangelou, I.; Faravel, L.; Fassnacht, P.; Faure, J.L.; Felder, C.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Fetscher, W.; Fidecaro, M.; Filipcic, A.; Francis, D.; Fry, J.R.; Fuglesang, C.; Gabathuler, E.; Gamet, R.; Garreta, D.; Geralis, T.; Gerber, H.J.; Go, A.; Gumplinger, P.; Guyot, C.; Harrison, P.F.; Hayman, P.J.; Heyes, W.G.; Hollander, R.W.; Jansson, K.; Johner, H.U.; Jon-And, K.; Kerek, A.; Kern, J.; Kettle, P.R.; Kochowski, C.; Kokkas, P.; Kreuger, R.; Lawry, T.; Le Gac, R.; Liolios, A.; Machado, E.; Maley, P.; Madic, I.; Manthos, N.; Marel, G.; Mikuz, M.; Miller, J.P.; Montanet, F.; Nakada, T.; Onofre, A.; Pagels, B; CPLEAR Collaboration 1993-06-07 Bose-Einstein (BE) correlations between like-sign charged pions were studied in anti pp annihilations at rest into four-prong events, using data taken with the CPLEAR detector at LEAR (CERN). A strong enhancement was found in the production of pairs of like-sign pions of similar momenta, with respect to the pairs of unlike-sign pions. The observed BE-enhancement was used to extract the values for the strength [lambda] of the effect and the radius r of the pion emitting source. The extracted value of [lambda]>1 is of relevant importance and clearly does not depend on the assumed parametrization of the correlation function. The influence of the normalization and fitting procedure, the detector resolution, the resonances production and decay and the neutral-pion multiplicity cuts, on the size of the pion source and the strength of the effect was investigated. (orig.) 2. Pion structure function from leading neutron electroproduction and SU(2) flavor asymmetry Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) McKenney, Joshua R. [North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Sato Gonzalez, Nobuo; Melnitchouk, Wally [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Ji, Chueng-Ryong [North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States) 2016-03-01 We examine the efficacy of pion exchange models to simultaneously describe leading neutron electroproduction at HERA and the$\\bar{d}-\\bar{u}$flavor asymmetry in the proton. A detailed$\\chi^2$analysis of the ZEUS and H1 cross sections, when combined with constraints on the pion flux from Drell-Yan data, allows regions of applicability of one-pion exchange to be delineated. The analysis disfavors several models of the pion flux used in the literature, and yields an improved extraction of the pion structure function and its uncertainties at parton momentum fractions in the pion of$4 \\times 10^{-4} \\lesssim x_\\pi \\lesssim 0.05$at a scale of$Q^2$=10 GeV$^2$. Based on the fit results, we provide estimates for leading proton structure functions in upcoming tagged deep-inelastic scattering experiments at Jefferson Lab on the deuteron with forward protons. 3. Dosimetry implant for treating restenosis and hyperplasia Science.gov (United States) Srivastava, Suresh; Gonzales, Gilbert R; Howell, Roger W; Bolch, Wesley E; Adzic, Radoslav 2014-09-16 The present invention discloses a method of selectively providing radiation dosimetry to a subject in need of such treatment. The radiation is applied by an implant comprising a body member and .sup.117mSn electroplated at selected locations of the body member, emitting conversion electrons absorbed immediately adjacent selected locations while not affecting surrounding tissue outside of the immediately adjacent area. 4. Optically stimulated luminescence techniques in retrospective dosimetry DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Bøtter-Jensen, L.; Murray, A.S. 2001-01-01 Optically stimulated luminescence signals from natural quartz and feldspar are now used routinely in dating geological and archaeological materials. More recently they have also been employed in accident dosimetry, i.e. the retrospective assessment of doses received as a result of a nuclear... 5. Development of A-bomb survivor dosimetry Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kerr, G.D. 1995-12-31 An all important datum in risk assessment is the radiation dose to individual survivors of the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first set of dose estimates for survivors was based on a dosimetry system developed in 1957 by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). These Tentative 1957 Doses (T57D) were later replaced by a more extensive and refined set of Tentative 1965 Doses (T65D). The T65D system of dose estimation for survivors was also developed at ORNL and served as a basis for risk assessment throughout the 1970s. In the late 1970s, it was suggested that there were serious inadequacies with the T65D system, and these inadequacies were the topic of discussion at two symposia held in 1981. In early 1983, joint US- Japan research programs were established to conduct a thorough review of all aspects of the radiation dosimetry for the Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors. A number of important contributions to this review were made by ORNL staff members. The review was completed in 1986 and a new Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86) was adopted for use. This paper discusses the development of the various systems of A-bomb survivor dosimetry, and the status of the current DS86 system as it is being applied in the medical follow-up studies of the A-bomb survivors and their offspring. 6. Computational Techniques of Electromagnetic Dosimetry for Humans Science.gov (United States) Hirata, Akimasa; Fujiwara, Osamu There has been increasing public concern about the adverse health effects of human exposure to electromagnetic fields. This paper reviews the rationale of international safety guidelines for human protection against electromagnetic fields. Then, this paper also presents computational techniques to conduct dosimetry in anatomically-based human body models. Computational examples and remaining problems are also described briefly. 7. Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Applied to Radiation Protection DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Christensen, Poul; Bøtter-Jensen, Lars; Majborn, Benny 1982-01-01 This is a general review of the present state of the development and application of thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) for radiation protection purposes. A description is given of commonly used thermoluminescent dosimeters and their main dosimetric properties, e.g. energy response, dose range... 8. Dosimetry implant for treating restenosis and hyperplasia Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Srivastava, Suresh; Gonzales, Gilbert R; Howell, Roger W; Bolch, Wesley E; Adzic, Radoslav 2014-09-16 The present invention discloses a method of selectively providing radiation dosimetry to a subject in need of such treatment. The radiation is applied by an implant comprising a body member and .sup.117mSn electroplated at selected locations of the body member, emitting conversion electrons absorbed immediately adjacent selected locations while not affecting surrounding tissue outside of the immediately adjacent area. 9. Intra-Operative Dosimetry in Prostate Brachytherapy Science.gov (United States) 2007-11-01 CT-based post-implant dosimetry. Figure 1: System concept for TRUS and C-arm fusion B BODY B.1 Brief System Concept The system concept for...C-arm calibration - is it really necessary?,” MICCAI, pp. 639–646, 2005. 10. Brainlab, Inc., Heimstetten, Germany, Vector Vision. 11. Medtronic 10. Advances in reference and transfer dosimetry Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Desrosiers, M.F. [Ionizing Radiation Division, Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States) 1999-07-01 All prerequisites are now in place to create a fundamentally and radically different type of calibration service for the radiation processing industry. Advancements in dosimetry and information technology can be combined to provide industry with on-line calibrations, on demand at a low cost. The remote calibration service will serve as a basis for other areas of metrology. (Author) 11. Personnel radiation dosimetry symposium: program and abstracts Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) 1984-10-01 The purpose was to provide applied and research dosimetrists with sufficient information to evaluate the status and direction of their programs relative to the latest guidelines and techniques. A technical program was presented concerning experience, requirements, and advances in gamma, beta, and neutron personnel dosimetry. 12. Collins fragmentation function for pions and kaons in a spectator model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bacchetta, A. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Gamberg, L.P. [Penn State Univ., Berks, PA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Goldstein, G.R. [Tufts Univ., Medford, MA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Mukherjee, A. [Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai (India). Physics Dept. 2007-07-15 We calculate the Collins fragmentation function in the framework of a spectator model with pseudoscalar pion-quark coupling and a Gaussian form factor at the vertex. We determine the model parameters by fitting the unpolarized fragmentation function for pions and kaons. We show that the Collins function for the pions in this model is in reasonable agreement with recent parametrizations obtained by fits of the available data. In addition, we compute for the first time the Collins function for the kaons. (orig.) 13. Allowed rare pion and muon decays as tests of the Standard Model CERN Document Server Pocanic, Dinko 2016-01-01 Simple dynamics, few available decay channels, and extremely well controlled radiative and loop corrections, make pion and muon decays a sensitive means for testing the underlying symmetries, the universality of weak fermion couplings, as well as for study of pion structure and chiral dynamics. We review the current state of experimental study of the allowed rare decays of charged pions: (a) electronic,$\\pi^+ \\to e^+\

14. Pion distribution amplitude from holographic QCD and the electromagnetic form factor F_pi(Q2)

CERN Document Server

Agaev, S S

2008-01-01

The holographic QCD prediction for the pion distribution amplitude (DA) $\\phi_{hol}(u)$ is used to compute the pion spacelike electromagnetic form factor $F_{\\pi}(Q^2)$ within the QCD light-cone sum rule method. In calculations the pion's renormalon-based model twist-4 DA, as well as the asymptotic twist-4 DA are employed. Obtained theoretical predictions are compared with experimental data and with results of the holographic QCD.

15. Effect of three-pion unitarity on resonance poles from heavy meson decays

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Satoshi X. Nakamura

2011-10-01

We study the final state interaction in 3-pion decay of meson resonances at the Excited Baryon Analysis Center (EBAC) of JLab. We apply the dynamical coupled-channels formulation which has been extensively used by EBAC to extract N* information. The formulation satisfies the 3-pion unitarity condition which has been missed in the existing works with the isobar models. We report the effect of the 3-pion unitarity on the meson resonance pole positions and Dalitz plot.

16. A relativistic model for neutrino pion production from nuclei in the resonance region

CERN Document Server

Praet, C; Jachowicz, N; Ryckebusch, J

2007-01-01

We present a relativistic model for electroweak pion production from nuclei, focusing on the $\\Delta$ and the second resonance region. Bound states are derived in the Hartree approximation to the $\\sigma-\\omega$ Walecka model. Final-state interactions of the outgoing pion and nucleon are described in a factorized way by means of a relativistic extension of the Glauber model. Our formalism allows a detailed study of neutrino pion production through $Q^2$, $W$, energy, angle and out-of-plane distributions.

17. Using baryon octet magnetic moments and masses to fix the pion cloud contribution

CERN Document Server

Gross, Franz; Tsushima, K

2009-01-01

Using SU(3) symmetry to constrain the pion BB' couplings, assuming SU(3) breaking comes only from one-loop pion cloud contributions, and using the the covariant spectator theory to describe the photon coupling to the quark core, we show how the experimental masses and magnetic moments of the baryon octet can be used to set a model independent constraint on the strength of the pion cloud contributions to the octet, and hence the nucleon, form factors at Q2=0.

18. σ Channel Chiral Loops in NN Interaction and Two-Pion Production

Science.gov (United States)

Clement, H. A.; Kaskulov, M. M.; Doroshkevich, E. A.

After examination of the correlated two-pion exchange in the NN interaction in terms of chiral pion loops in the t-channel, we consider loops in the s-channel, which get lifted on mass shell in the two-pion production process. We show that the thus obtained dynamical correlations in the σ channel lead to a quantitative description of recent exclusive measuerements near threshold.

19. Pion absorption in nuclei: The (. pi. /sup + -/,p) reactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mishra, C.S.

1987-05-01

Reported here is the first experiment to measure the excitation of discrete final states following the (..pi../sup -/,p) reaction. The Energetic Pion Channel and Spectrometer (EPICS) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the High Resolution Pion Channel and Spectrometer (..pi..M1-SUSI) at the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Physics were used for this high resolution study of (..pi../sup + -/,p) reactions. An average energy resolution of 500 KeV and 700 KeV was achieved at EPICS and ..pi..M1-SUSI respectively. At EPICS these reactions were measured at T/sub ..pi../ = 120 MeV and theta/sub lab/ = 25/sup 0/ on /sup 24/Mg, /sup 27/Al, /sup 40/Ca and /sup 58/Ni; /sup 12/C(..pi../sup -/,p) was measured at T/sub ..pi../ = 145 MeV. At ..pi..M1-SUSI these reactions were measured at T/sub ..pi../ = 90 MeV and at theta/sub lab/ = 20/sup 0/ on /sup 23/Na and /sup 24/Mg. The measurement includes both the differential cross sections and continuum up to an excitation energy of 40 MeV. In /sup 23/Na, /sup 24/Mg, and /sup 27/Al there are peaks in the low excitation region. The shape of the continuum in an excitation energy range of 10 to 40 MeV was found to be independent of pion charge and target mass. The magnitude of proton yield from all the targets at T/sub ..pi../ = 120 MeV is more than twenty four times larger for ..pi../sup +/ than for ..pi../sup -/. Also, the cross sections for both reactions on /sup 24/Mg is slightly enhanced compared to other nuclei. At T/sub ..pi../ = 90 MeV the ratio of the proton yield for ..pi../sup +/ to ..pi../sup -/ absorption drops down to fourteen. This high ratio and its energy dependence supports the idea of a two nucleon pion absorption model. Pion absorption in the context of both the reaction mechanism and nuclear structure is discussed. 99 refs., 64 figs., 11 tabs.

20. Film dosimetry in conformal radiotherapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Danciu, C.; Proimos, B.S. [Patras Univ. (Greece). Dept. of Medical Physics

1995-12-01

Dosimetry, through a film sandwiched in a transverse cross-section of a solid phantom, is a method of choice in Conformal Radiotherapy because: (a) the blackness (density) of the film at each point offers a measure of the total dose received at that point, and (b) the film is easily calibrated by exposing a film strip in the same cross-section, through a stationary field. The film must therefore have the following properties: (a) it must be slow, in order not to be overexposed, even at a therapeutic dose of 200 cGy, and (b) the response of the film (density versus dose curve) must be independent of the photon energy spectrum. A few slow films were compared. It was found that the Kodak X-Omat V for therapy verification was the best choice. To investigate whether the film response was independent of the photon energy, response curves for six depths, starting from the depth of maximum dose to the depth of 25 cm, in solid phantom were derived. The vertical beam was perpendicular to the anterior surface of the phantom, which was at the distance of 100 cm from the source and the field was 15x15 cm at that distance. This procedure was repeated for photon beams emitted by a Cobalt-60 unit, two 6 MV and 15 MV Linear Accelerators, as well as a 45 MV Betatron. For each of those four different beams the film response was the same for all six depths. The results, as shown in the diagrams, are very satisfactory. The response curve under a geometry similar to that actually applied, when the film is irradiated in a transverse cross-section of the phantom, was derived. The horizontal beam was almost parallel (angle of 85) to the plane of the film. The same was repeated with the central ray parallel to the film (angle 90) and at a distance of 1.5 cm from the horizontal film. The field size was again 15x15 at the lateral entrance surface of the beam. The response curves remained the same, as when the beam was perpendicular to the films.

1. Neutron dosimetry; Dosimetria de neutrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fratin, Luciano

1993-12-31

A neutron irradiation facility was designed and built in order to establish a procedure for calibrating neutron monitors and dosemeters. A 185 GBq {sup 241} Am Be source of known is used as a reference source. The irradiation facility using this source in the air provides neutron dose rates between 9 nSv s{sup -1} and 0,5 {sup {mu}}Sv s{sup -1}. A calibrated 50 nSv s{sup -1} thermal neutron field is obtained by using a specially designed paraffin block in conjunction with the {sup 241} Am Be source. A Bonner multisphere spectrometer was calibrated, using a procedure based on three methods proposed by international standards. The unfold {sup 241} Am Be neutron spectrum was determined from the Bonner spheres data and resulted in a good agreement with expected values for fluence rate, dose rate and mean energy. A dosimetric system based on the electrochemical etching of CR-39 was developed for personal dosimetry. The dosemeter badge using a (n,{alpha}) converter, the etching chamber and high frequency power supply were designed and built specially for this project. The electrochemical etching (ECE) parameters used were: a 6N KOH solution, 59 deg C, 20 kV{sub pp} cm{sup -1}, 2,0 kHz, 3 hours of ECE for thermal and intermediate neutrons and 6 hours for fast neutrons. The calibration factors for thermal, intermediate and fast neutrons were determined for this personal dosemeter. The sensitivities determined for the developed dosimetric system were (1,46{+-} 0,09) 10{sup 4} tracks cm{sup -2} mSv{sup -1} for thermal neutrons, (9{+-}3) 10{sup 2} tracks cm{sup -2} mSV{sup -1} for intermediate neutrons and (26{+-}4) tracks cm{sup -2} mSv{sup -1} for fast neutrons. The lower and upper limits of detection were respectively 0,002 mSv and 0,6 mSv for thermal neutrons, 0,04 mSv and 8 mSv for intermediate neutrons and 1 mSv and 12 mSv for fast neutrons. In view of the 1990s ICRP recommendations, it is possible to conclude that the personal dosemeter described in this work is

2. FFAG Beam Line for nuPIL - Neutrinos from PIon Beam Line

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lagrange, Jean-Baptiste [Fermilab; Pasternak, Jaroslaw [Rutherford; Bross, Alan [Fermilab; Liu, Ao [Fermilab; Appleby, Robert [Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.; Tygier, Sam [Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.

2016-06-01

The Long Baseline Neutrino Facilities (LBNF) program aims to deliver a neutrino beam for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The current baseline for LBNF is a conventional magnetic horn and decay pipe system. Neutrinos from PIon beam Line (nuPIL) is a part of the optimization effort to optimize the LBNF. It consists of a pion beam line after the horn to clean the beam of high energy protons and wrong-sign pions before transporting them into a decay beam line, where instrumentation could be implemented. This paper focuses on the FFAG solution for this pion beam line. The resulting neutrino flux is also presented.

3. Towards a model of pion generalized parton distributions from Dyson-Schwinger equations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moutarde, H. [CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU/Service de Physique Nucléaire, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

2015-04-10

We compute the pion quark Generalized Parton Distribution H{sup q} and Double Distributions F{sup q} and G{sup q} in a coupled Bethe-Salpeter and Dyson-Schwinger approach. We use simple algebraic expressions inspired by the numerical resolution of Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations. We explicitly check the support and polynomiality properties, and the behavior under charge conjugation or time invariance of our model. We derive analytic expressions for the pion Double Distributions and Generalized Parton Distribution at vanishing pion momentum transfer at a low scale. Our model compares very well to experimental pion form factor or parton distribution function data.

4. Charged Top-Pion Production Associated with a Gluon Jet at the LHC

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

WANG Xue-Lei; XU Wen-Na; XIAO Zhen-Jun

2008-01-01

The charged top-pions have been predicted by the topcolour-assisted technicolour (TC2) model and the observation of the charged top-pions can be regarded as the robust evidence of the model. We study the charged top-pion is a flavour-changing (FC) process, the SM background can be greatly depressed. Furthermore, there exists an FC decay mode cb for the charged top-pions, and such decay mode can provide us with the typical signals to the LHC.

5. The pion structure function and jet production in {gamma}p{yields}nX

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klasen, Michael [II. Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Hamburg, Hamburg (Germany)]. E-mail: klasen@mail.desy.de

2002-05-01

Despite its theoretical and practical importance, the pion structure is still badly constrained, particularly at low x{pi} and in the sea-quark and gluon sectors. Recently, ZEUS have presented data on dijet photoproduction with a leading neutron, which is dominated by slightly off-shell pion exchange and can be used to constrain the pion densities down to x{pi}{approx_equal}0.01. We compare a recent next-to-leading order calculation to the ZEUS data and find that the lower gluon densities of SMRS seem to be preferred by the data. Theoretical uncertainties, in particular from the pion flux, are discussed in some detail. (author)

6. Decay constants of the pion and its excitations on the lattice.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mastropas, Ekaterina V. [William and Mary College, JLAB; Richards, David G. [JLAB

2014-07-01

We present a calculation using lattice QCD of the ratios of decay constants of the excited states of the pion, to that of the pion ground state, at three values of the pion mass between 400 and 700 MeV, using an anisotropic clover fermion action with three flavors of quarks. We find that the decay constant of the first excitation, and more notably of the second, is suppressed with respect to that of the ground-state pion, but that the suppression shows little dependence on the quark mass. The strong suppression of the decay constant of the second excited state is consistent with its interpretation as a predominantly hybrid state.

7. Search for coherent charged pion production in neutrino-carbon interactions

CERN Document Server

Hasegawa, M; Andringa, S; Aoki, S; Argyriades, J; Asakura, K; Ashie, R; Berns, H; Bhang, H; Blondel, A; Borghi, S; Bouchez, J; Burguet-Castell, J; Casper, D; Cavata, C; Cervera-Villanueva, Anselmo; Chen, S M; Cho, K O; Choi, J H; Dore, U; Espinal, X; Fechner, M; Fernández, E; Fukuda, Y; Gómez-Cadenas, Juan José; Gran, R; Hara, T; Hasegawa, T; Hayashi, K; Hayato, Y; Helmer, R L; Hill, J; Hiraide, K; Hosaka, J; Ichikawa, A K; Iinuma, M; Ikeda, A; Inagaki, T; Ishida, T; Ishihara, K; Ishii, T; Ishitsuka, M; Itow, Y; Iwashita, T; Jang, H I; Jeon, E J; Jeong, I S; Joo, K; Jover, G; Jung, C K; Kajita, T; Kameda, J; Kaneyuki, K; Kato, I; Kearns, E; Kerr, D; Kim, C O; Khabibullin, M; Khotjantsev, A; Kielczewska, D; Kim, J Y; Kim, S; Kitching, P; Kobayashi, K; Kobayashi, T; Konaka, A; Koshio, Y; Kropp, W; Kubota, J; Kudenko, Yu G; Kuno, Y; Kutter, T; Learned, J; Likhoded, S; Lim, I T; Loverre, P F; Ludovici, L; Maesaka, H; Mallet, J; Mariani, C; Maruyama, T; Matsuno, S; Matveev, V; Mauger, C; McConnel, K; McGrew, C; Mikheyev, S; Minamino, A; Mine, S; Mineev, O V; Mitsuda, C; Miura, M; Moriguchi, Y; Morita, T; Moriyama, S; Nakadaira, T; Nakahata, M; Nakamura, K; Nakano, I; Nakaya, T; Nakayama, S; Namba, T; Nambu, R; Nawang, S; Nishikawa, K; Nitta, K; Nova, F; Novella, P; Obayashi, Y; Okada, A; Okumura, K; Oser, S M; Oyama, Y; Pac, M Y; Pierre, F; Rodríguez, A; Saji, C; Sakuda, M; Sánchez, F; Sarrat, A; Sasaki, T; Sato, H; Scholberg, K; Schroeter, R; Sekiguchi, M; Sharkey, E; Shiozawa, M; Shiraishi, K; Sitjes, G; Smy, M B; Sobel, H; Stone, J; Sulak, L; Suzuki, A; Suzuki, Y; Takahashi, T; Takenaga, Y; Takeuchi, Y; Taki, K; Takubo, Y; Tamura, N; Tanaka, M; Terri, R; T'Jampens, S; Tornero-Lopez, A; Totsuka, Y; Ueda, S; Vagins, M; Whitehead, L; Walter, C W; Wang, W; Wilkes, R J; Yamada, S; Yamamoto, S; Yanagisawa, C; Yershov, N V; Yokoyama, H; Yokoyama, M; Yoo, J; Yoshida, M; Zalipska, J

2005-01-01

We report the result from a search for charged-current coherent pion production induced by muon neutrinos with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV. The data are collected with a fully active scintillator detector in the K2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. No evidence for coherent pion production is observed and an upper limit of $0.60 \\times 10^{-2}$ is set on the cross section ratio of coherent pion production to the total charged-current interaction at 90% confidence level. This is the first experimental limit for coherent charged pion production in the energy region of a few GeV.

8. Time evolution of pion emission in heavy ion collisions at SIS energies

CERN Document Server

Oeschler, H

1999-01-01

Using a magnetic spectrometer pions, kaons and protons were detected in mass-symmetric heavy ion reactions from C+C to Au+Au and at incident energies between 0.6 and 2.0 A centre dot GeV. The center-of-mass pion spectra deviate from a Boltzmann distribution for all collision systems. Results are presented indicating that high-energy pions are emitted at an early stage of the collision. This is based on (i) a comparison of pi sup + and pi sup - spectra and (ii) the shielding of pions by spectator matter in peripheral collisions.

9. A phenomenological determination of the pion-nucleon scattering lengths from pionic hydrogen

CERN Document Server

Ericson, Torleif Eric Oskar; Wycech, S

2005-01-01

A model independent expression for the electromagnetic corrections to a phenomenological hadronic pion-nucleon scattering length, extracted from pionic hydrogen, is obtained. In a non-relativistic approach and using an extended charge distribution, these corrections are derived up to terms of order (alpha)**2 log(alpha) in the limit of a short-range hadronic interaction. We infer a charged pion-proton scattering length of 0.0870(5) in units of inverse pion mass, which gives for the charged pion-proton-neutron coupling, through the GMO relation, a value of 14.04(17).

10. Thermoluminescence in medical dosimetry; Termoluminiscencia en dosimetria medica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rivera, T., E-mail: trivera@ipn.mx [IPN, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Av. Legaria 694, Col. Irrigacion, 11500 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)

2011-10-15

The dosimetry by thermoluminescence (Tl) is applied in the entire world for the dosimetry of ionizing radiations specially to personal and medical dosimetry. This dosimetry method has been very interesting for measures in vivo because the Tl dosimeters have the advantage of being very sensitive in a very small volume and they are also equivalent to tissue and they do not need additional accessories (for example, cable, electrometer, etc.) The main characteristics of the diverse Tl materials to be used in the radiation measures and practical applications are: the Tl curve, the share homogeneity, the signal stability after the irradiation, precision and exactitude, the response in function with the dose and the energy influence. In this work a brief summary of the advances of the radiations dosimetry is presented by means of the thermally stimulated luminescence and its application to the dosimetry in radiotherapy. (Author)

11. TU-F-201-00: Radiochromic Film Dosimetry Update

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2015-06-15

12. Probing nuclear symmetry energy at high densities using pion, kaon, eta and photon productions in heavy-ion collisions

CERN Document Server

Xiao, Zhi-Gang; Chen, Lie-Wen; Li, Bao-An; Zhang, Ming; Xiao, Guo-Qing; Xu, Nu

2013-01-01

The high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy is among the most uncertain properties of dense neutron-rich matter. Its accurate determination has significant ramifications in understanding not only the reaction dynamics of heavy-ion reactions especially those induced by radioactive beams but also many interesting phenomena in astrophysics, such as the explosion mechanism of supernova and the properties of neutron stars. The heavy-ion physics community has devoted much effort during the last few years to constrain the high-density symmetry using various probes. In particular, the pion-/pion+ ratio has been most extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally. All models have consistently predicted qualitatively that the pion-/pion+ ratio is a sensitive probe of the high-density symmetry energy especially with beam energies near the pion production threshold. However, the predicted values of the pion-/pion+ ratio are still quite model dependent mostly because of the complexity of modeling pion ...

13. Hanford External Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual PNL-MA-842

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rathbone, Bruce A.

2005-02-25

The Hanford External Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual PNL-MA-842 documents the design and implementation of the external dosimetry system used at Hanford. The manual describes the dosimeter design, processing protocols, dose calculation methodology, radiation fields encountered, dosimeter response characteristics, limitations of dosimeter design under field conditions, and makes recommendations for effective use of the dosimeters in the field. The manual describes the technical basis for the dosimetry system in a manner intended to help ensure defensibility of the dose of record at Hanford and to demonstrate compliance with 10 CFR 835, DOELAP, DOE-RL, ORP, PNSO, and Hanford contractor requirements. The dosimetry system is operated by PNNL’s Hanford External Dosimetry Program which provides dosimetry services to all Hanford contractors. The primary users of this manual are DOE and DOE contractors at Hanford using the dosimetry services of PNNL. Development and maintenance of this manual is funded directly by DOE and DOE contractors. Its contents have been reviewed and approved by DOE and DOE contractors at Hanford through the Hanford Personnel Dosimetry Advisory Committee which is chartered and chaired by DOE-RL and serves as means of coordinating dosimetry practices across contractors at Hanford. This manual was established in 1996. Since inception, it has been revised many times and maintained by PNNL as a controlled document with controlled distribution. Rev. 0 marks the first revision to be released through PNNL’s Electronic Records & Information Capture Architecture (ERICA) database.

14. Nuclear pions and the Gottfried and Bjorken sum rules

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Epele, L.N. (Lab. de Fisica Teorica, Dept. de Fisica, Univ. Nacional de La Plata (Argentina)); Fanchiotti, H. (Lab. de Fisica Teorica, Dept. de Fisica, Univ. Nacional de La Plata (Argentina)); Garcia Canal, C.A. (Lab. de Fisica Teorica, Dept. de Fisica, Univ. Nacional de La Plata (Argentina)); Leader, E. (Birkbeck Coll., Univ. of London (United Kingdom)); Sassot, R. (Lab. de Fisica Teorica, Dept. de Fisica, Univ. Nacional de La Plata (Argentina))

1994-10-01

An extremely simple but instructive, ''toy'' model is presented which shows that a small excess of pions in the nucleus can produce a significant change in the values expected for the Gottfried sum rule. The general question of the convergence of the sum rule and of the convergence of the experimental integral is also discussed. It is demonstrated that conclusions about the sum rule, based on deuterium data, are surprisingly model dependent. In contrast, it is stressed, that the Bjorken sum rule can be tested significantly using deuterium data. (orig.)

15. A precise measurement of the pion beta decay rate

CERN Document Server

Ritt, S

2001-01-01

The PIBETA project at PSI, Switzerland, is a program of measurements with the aim of making a precise determination of the pi /sup +/ to pi /sup 0/e/sup +/ nu /sub e ( pi beta ) decay rate, which provides a new constraint on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Masakava matrix element V/sub ud/. The PIBETA decay is measured with a stopped pion beam and normalized to pi /sup +/ to e/sup +/ nu events. A new detector has been built which is described with details of the trigger and front-end electronics.

16. Measurement of the charged-pion polarisability at COMPASS

CERN Document Server

Guskov, Alexey

2015-01-01

The electric (${\\alpha}_{\\pi}$) and the magnetic (${\\beta}_{\\pi}$) polarisabilities are fundamental properties of the pion characterising the rigidity of its internal structure. They have been precisely measured at the COMPASS experiment at CERN with a ${\\pi}^{-}$ beam of 190~GeV/c assuming ${\\alpha}_{\\pi}+{\\beta}_{\\pi}=0$. Muons of the same momentum were used for controlling of systematic effects. The obtained result ${\\alpha}_{\\pi}=-{\\beta}_{\\pi}=(2.0\\pm 0.6_{stat.}\\pm 0.7_{syst.})\\times 10^{-4} fm^3$ is in agreement with the prediction of the Chiral Perturbation Theory.

17. Subleading corrections to parity-violating pion photoproduction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barry Holstein; Michael Ramsey-Musolf; Steven Puglia; Shi-Lin Zhu

2001-09-01

We compute the photon asymmetry B{sub {gamma}} for near threshold parity violating (PV) pion photoproduction through sub-leading order. We show that sub-leading contributions involve a new combination of PV couplings not included in previous analyses of hadronic PV. We argue that existing constraints on the leading order contribution to B{sub {gamma}}--obtained from the PV {gamma}-decay of {sup 18}F--suggest that the impact of the subleading contributions may be more significant than expected from naturalness arguments.

18. Superluminal neutrinos at OPERA confront pion decay kinematics.

Science.gov (United States)

Cowsik, Ramanath; Nussinov, Shmuel; Sarkar, Utpal

2011-12-16

Violation of Lorentz invariance (VLI) has been suggested as an explanation of the superluminal velocities of muon neutrinos reported by OPERA. In this Letter, we show that the amount of VLI required to explain this result poses severe difficulties with the kinematics of the pion decay, extending its lifetime and reducing the momentum carried away by the neutrinos. We show that the OPERA experiment limits α=(ν(ν)-c)/c<4×10(-6). We then take recourse to cosmic-ray data on the spectrum of muons and neutrinos generated in Earth's atmosphere to provide a stronger bound on VLI: (ν-c)/c<10(-12).

19. Pion transition form factor through Dyson-Schwinger equations

CERN Document Server

Raya, Khépani

2016-01-01

In the framework of Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSE), we compute the $\\gamma^*\\gamma\\to\\pi^0$ transition form factor, $G(Q^2)$. For the first time, in a continuum approach to quantun chromodynamics (QCD), it was possible to compute $G(Q^2)$ on the whole domain of space-like momenta. Our result agrees with CELLO, CLEO and Belle collaborations and, with the well-known asymptotic QCD limit, $2f_\\pi$. Our analysis unifies this prediction with that of the pion's valence-quark parton distribution amplitude (PDA) and elastic electromagnetic form factor.

20. Parton Distributions of Pions in the Valon Model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

杨纯斌

2003-01-01

Based on the universality of the parton distributions inside valons, parton distributions of pions are investigated and parametrized from the experimentally given parton distributions of proton within the valon model The structure function F2(x) is given at fixed scale Q20 = 1 GeV2. Due to the abundance of the pair numbers of sea quarks at a very small x region, the structure function decreases rapidly for small x to a local minimum. Then from the contribution of the valence quarks, F2(x) increases to a local maximum at x (∽－)0.5.

1. Pion transition form factor through Dyson-Schwinger equations

Science.gov (United States)

Raya, Khépani

2016-10-01

In the framework of Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSE), we compute the γ*γ→π0 transition form factor, G(Q2). For the first time, in a continuum approach to quantun chromodynamics (QCD), it was possible to compute G(Q2) on the whole domain of space-like momenta. Our result agrees with CELLO, CLEO and Belle collaborations and, with the well- known asymptotic QCD limit, 2ƒπ. Our analysis unifies this prediction with that of the pion's valence-quark parton distribution amplitude (PDA) and elastic electromagnetic form factor.

2. Single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive pion production

CERN Document Server

Elschenbroich, U

2005-01-01

For the first time single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive pion production are measured by the HERMES experiment with a transversely polarised hydrogen target. Two different sine-modulations are extracted which can be related to the transversity \\delta q(x) and Sivers f_{1T}^{\\perp q}(x) quark distribution functions. The extracted sine-moments still contain small sub-leading twist contributions which can be extracted from HERMES data combining the results from the transversely polarised hydrogen target with previously measured results from a longitudinally polarised hydrogen target.

3. Pion electromagnetic current in a light-front model

CERN Document Server

Pacheco-Bicudo-Cabral de Melo, J; Frederico, T

1999-01-01

The electromagnetic form factor of the pion is calculated in a pseudoscalar field theoretical model which constituent quarks. We extract the form factor using the "+" component of the electromagnetic current in the light-cone formalism. For comparison, we also compute the form factor in the covariant framework and we obtain perfect agreement. It is shown that the pair terms do not contribute in this pseudoscalar model. This explains why a naive light-cone calculation, i.e., omitting pair terms from the onset, also yields the same results.

4. Scaling behavior and sea quark dependency of pion spectrum

CERN Document Server

Adams, D; Kim, H J; Kim, J; Kim, K; Yoon, B; Lee, W; Jung, C; Sharpe, S R

2008-01-01

We study the pion spectrum (and in particular taste-symmetry breaking within it) using HYP-smeared valence staggered fermions on the coarse and fine MILC lattices (which have asqtad staggered sea quarks). We focus on the dependence on lattice spacing and sea-quark mass. We also update our results on source dependence. Our main conclusion is that on the MILC fine lattices the appropriate power-counting for SU(3) staggered chiral perturbation theory may have discretization errors entering at next-to-leading order rather than at leading-order.

5. Anomalies Dismissed of Ambiguities and the Neutral Pion Decay

CERN Document Server

Battistel, O A

2002-01-01

The correlation between the neutral electromagnetic pion decay, the Sutherland-Veltman paradox and the $AVV$ triangle anomaly phenomenon is discussed within the framework of an alternative strategy to handle the divergences involved in the perturbative evaluation of the associated physical amplitudes. We show that the general characteristic of the adopted strategy allows us to recover the traditional treatment for the problem as well as allows us to construct an alternative way to look at the problem where the ambiguities play no relevant role.

6. The Weak Parity-Violating Pion-Nucleon Coupling (Revised)

CERN Document Server

Henley, E M; Kisslinger, L S

2009-01-01

We use QCD sum rules to obtain the weak parity-violating pion-nucleon coupling constant $f_{\\pi NN}$. We find that $f_{\\pi NN}\\approx 2\\times 10^{-8}$, about an order of magnitude smaller than the best estimates'' based on quark models. This result follows from the cancellation between perturbative and nonperturbative QCD processes not found in quark models, but explicit in the QCD sum rule method. Our result is consistent with the experimental upper limit found from $^{18}$F parity-violating measurements.

7. Measurement Of Double-radiative Pion Capture On Hydrogen

CERN Document Server

Tripathi, S

2003-01-01

The first measurement of double radiative pion capture on hydrogen is presented. The experiment was conducted at the TRIUMF cyclotron using the RMC spectrometer, and detected γ-ray coincidences following π − stops in liquid hydrogen. The branching ratio for the double radiative capture reaction was found to be (3.05 ± 0.27 (stat.) ± 0.31 (syst.)) × 10−5. The measured branching ratio and angle-energy distributions support the theoretical prediction of a dominant contribution from the π−π + → γγ annihilation mechanism.

8. Pion absorption processes. [32 to 74 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doss, K G.R.

1980-04-01

Proton and deuteron production from low-energy pion absorption in light nuclei leading to discrete and continuum states were measured. The LEP beam line at LAMPF was used with a stack of 8 intrinsic germanium crystals. The proton energy spectra are in general characterized by a broad bump at an energy approximately corresponding to ..pi../sup +/d ..-->.. pp reaction kinematics, suggestive of pion absorption on 2 nucleons. The energy-integrated cross-section for production of deuterons has an angular distribution similar to that for production of protons. The dependence of the total pion absorption cross-section on A is explained using a semi-classical model for pion transport in nuclei. The (..pi../sup +/,p) as well as (..pi../sup +/,d) reactions generally favor transitions involving larger angular momentum transfer to the residual nucleus when states of similar nuclear structure are considered. The low-energy excitation spectra from the (..pi../sup +/,p) reaction are similar to the spectra from (p,d) reaction on /sup 12/C and /sup 13/C. However, a calculation of the (..pi.. = ,p) cross-section using the measured (p,d) reaction with the formulation of Wilkin to relate the two reactions is in moderate disagreement with the measured (..pi../sup +/,p) cross-sections. The excitation spectra from the (..pi../sup +/,p) reaction indicte the importance of two-step processes for the reaction. The (..pi../sup +/,d) reaction leading to the ground state of -- residual nucleus has been seen for /sup 7/Li, /sup 12/C, and /sup 13/C targets. The measured cross section for the /sup 12/C(..pi../sup +/,d)/sup 10/C reaction to the 2/sup +/ state is much higher than that for the ground state. For the case of /sup 18/O, no counts were seen for excitation energy of < 10 MeV, at a sensitivity of approx. 100 nb/sr count. These features indicate a possible failure of the model of Betz and Kerman for the (..pi../sup +/,d) reaction.

9. Spontaneous pion emission as a new natural radioactivity

Science.gov (United States)

Ion, D. B.; Ivascu, M.; Ion-Mihai, R.

1986-10-01

In this paper the pionic nuclear radioactivity or spontaneous poin emission by a nucleus from its ground state is investigated. The Qπ-values as well as the statistical factors are calculated using the experimental masses tabulated by Wapstra and Audi. Then it was shown that the pionic radioactivity of the nuclear ground state is energetically possible via three-body channels for all nuclides with Z > 80. This new type of natural radioactivity is statistically favored especially for Z = 92 - 106 for which F π/F SF = 40 - 200 [ MeV] 2. Experimental detection of the neutral pion and also some possible emission mechanisms are discussed.

10. Facility for studying spin dependence in pion production near threshold

CERN Document Server

Rinckel, T; Meyer, H O; Balewski, J T; Doskow, J; Pollock, R E; Von Przewoski, B; Sperisen, F; Daehnick, W W; Flammang, R W; Saha, S K; Haeberli, W; Lorentz, B; Rathmann, F; Schwartz, B; Wise, T; Pancella, P V

2000-01-01

We describe an experimental setup for the measurement of polarization observables in pion production near threshold. Experiments carried out with this facility use a polarized proton beam in the Indiana University Cooler storage ring, and an internal, polarized hydrogen target. The detector system measures energy, direction and velocity of multiple outgoing charged particles that are within a forward cone of about 32 deg. opening angle. An array of scintillators also allows the detection of neutrons. In addition to the technical details of the apparatus, we describe the procedure for data acquisition, as well as some aspects of the analysis.

11. Pion Form Factor in the Light-Front

CERN Document Server

Pacheco-Bicudo-Cabral de Melo, J

2004-01-01

The pion electromagnetic form factor is calculated with a light-front quark model. The "plus" and "minus" component of the electromagnetic current are used to calculate the electromagnetic form factor in the Breit frame with two models for the q\\bar{q} vertex. The light front constituent quark models describes very well hadronic wave function for pseudo-scalar and vector particles. Symmetry problems arinsing in the light-front approach are solved by the pole dislocation method. The results are compared with new experimental data and with other quark models.

12. Anomalies dismissed of ambiguities and the neutral pion decay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Battistel, O.A. [Department of Physics-CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS (Brazil)]. E-mail: orimar@ccne.ufsm.br; Dallabona, G. [Department of Physics-ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (Brazil)]. E-mail: dalla@fisica.ufmg.br

2002-10-01

The correlation between the neutral electromagnetic pion decay, the Sutherland-Veltman paradox and the AVV triangle anomaly phenomenon is discussed within the framework of an alternative strategy to handle the divergences involved in the perturbative evaluation of the associated physical amplitudes. We show that the general characteristic of the adopted strategy allows us to recover the traditional treatment for the problem as well as allowing us to construct an alternative way to look at the problem where the ambiguities play no relevant role. (author)

13. Absolute and relative dosimetry for ELIMED

Science.gov (United States)

Cirrone, G. A. P.; Cuttone, G.; Candiano, G.; Carpinelli, M.; Leonora, E.; Lo Presti, D.; Musumarra, A.; Pisciotta, P.; Raffaele, L.; Randazzo, N.; Romano, F.; Schillaci, F.; Scuderi, V.; Tramontana, A.; Cirio, R.; Marchetto, F.; Sacchi, R.; Giordanengo, S.; Monaco, V.

2013-07-01

The definition of detectors, methods and procedures for the absolute and relative dosimetry of laser-driven proton beams is a crucial step toward the clinical use of this new kind of beams. Hence, one of the ELIMED task, will be the definition of procedures aiming to obtain an absolute dose measure at the end of the transport beamline with an accuracy as close as possible to the one required for clinical applications (i.e. of the order of 5% or less). Relative dosimetry procedures must be established, as well: they are necessary in order to determine and verify the beam dose distributions and to monitor the beam fluence and the energetic spectra during irradiations. Radiochromic films, CR39, Faraday Cup, Secondary Emission Monitor (SEM) and transmission ionization chamber will be considered, designed and studied in order to perform a fully dosimetric characterization of the ELIMED proton beam.

14. Trigeminal neuralgia treatment dosimetry of the Cyberknife

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ho, Anthony [Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (United States); Lo, Anthony T., E-mail: tonyho22003@yahoo.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (United States); Dieterich, Sonja; Soltys, Scott G.; Gibbs, Iris C. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (United States); Chang, Steve G.; Adler, John R. [Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (United States)

2012-04-01

There are 2 Cyberknife units at Stanford University. The robot of 1 Cyberknife is positioned on the patient's right, whereas the second is on the patient's left. The present study examines whether there is any difference in dosimetry when we are treating patients with trigeminal neuralgia when the target is on the right side or the left side of the patient. In addition, we also study whether Monte Carlo dose calculation has any effect on the dosimetry. We concluded that the clinical and dosimetric outcomes of CyberKnife treatment for trigeminal neuralgia are independent of the robot position. Monte Carlo calculation algorithm may be useful in deriving the dose necessary for trigeminal neuralgia treatments.

15. Absolute and relative dosimetry for ELIMED

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cirrone, G. A. P.; Schillaci, F.; Scuderi, V. [INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, Italy and Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Science, ELI-Beamlines project, Na Slovance 2, Prague (Czech Republic); Cuttone, G.; Candiano, G.; Musumarra, A.; Pisciotta, P.; Romano, F. [INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania (Italy); Carpinelli, M. [INFN Sezione di Cagliari, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari (Italy); Leonora, E.; Randazzo, N. [INFN-Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania (Italy); Presti, D. Lo [INFN-Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy and Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via S. Sofia 64, Catania (Italy); Raffaele, L. [INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, Italy and INFN-Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania (Italy); Tramontana, A. [INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, Italy and Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via S. Sofia 64, Catania (Italy); Cirio, R.; Sacchi, R.; Monaco, V. [INFN, Sezione di Torino, Via P.Giuria, 1 10125 Torino, Italy and Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via P.Giuria, 1 10125 Torino (Italy); Marchetto, F.; Giordanengo, S. [INFN, Sezione di Torino, Via P.Giuria, 1 10125 Torino (Italy)

2013-07-26

The definition of detectors, methods and procedures for the absolute and relative dosimetry of laser-driven proton beams is a crucial step toward the clinical use of this new kind of beams. Hence, one of the ELIMED task, will be the definition of procedures aiming to obtain an absolute dose measure at the end of the transport beamline with an accuracy as close as possible to the one required for clinical applications (i.e. of the order of 5% or less). Relative dosimetry procedures must be established, as well: they are necessary in order to determine and verify the beam dose distributions and to monitor the beam fluence and the energetic spectra during irradiations. Radiochromic films, CR39, Faraday Cup, Secondary Emission Monitor (SEM) and transmission ionization chamber will be considered, designed and studied in order to perform a fully dosimetric characterization of the ELIMED proton beam.

16. Technical basis document for internal dosimetry

CERN Document Server

Hickman, D P

1991-01-01

This document provides the technical basis for the Chem-Nuclear Geotech (Geotech) internal dosimetry program. Geotech policy describes the intentions of the company in complying with radiation protection standards and the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) program. It uses this policy and applicable protection standards to derive acceptable methods and levels of bioassay to assure compliance. The models and computational methods used are described in detail within this document. FR-om these models, dose- conversion factors and derived limits are computed. These computations are then verified using existing documentation and verification information or by demonstration of the calculations used to obtain the dose-conversion factors and derived limits. Recommendations for methods of optimizing the internal dosimetry program to provide effective monitoring and dose assessment for workers are provided in the last section of this document. This document is intended to be used in establishing an accredited dosi...

17. Criticality accident dosimetry with ESR spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

DErrico, F. [DCMN, Universita degli Studi di Pisa (Italy); Fattibene, P.; Onori, S.; Pantaloni, M. [Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome (Italy). Lab. di Fisica

1997-01-01

The suitability of the ESR alanine and sugar detectors for criticality accident dosimetry was experimentally investigated during an intercomparison of dosimetry techniques. Tests were performed irradiating detectors both free-in-air and on-phantom during controlled criticality excursions at the SILENE reactor in Valduc, France. Several grays of absorbed dose were imparted in neutron gamma-ray fields of various relative intensities and spectral distributions. Analysed results confirmed the potential of these systems which can immediately provide an acute dose assessment with an average underestimate of 30% in the various fields. This performance allows for the screening of severely exposed individuals and meets the IAEA recommendations on the early estimate of accident absorbed doses. (Author).

18. Baryonic {sup 3}P{sub 2} superfluidity under charged-pion condensation with {delta} isobar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takatsuka, T.; Tamagaki, R. [Iwate Univ., Morioka, Iwate (Japan)

1999-08-01

We study the baryonic {sup 3}P{sup 2} superfluidity under charged-pion condensation with isobar ({delta}) degrees of freedom. After a remark on motivations of the present study, the outline of theoretical framework is briefly described, typical results of the superfluid critical temperature are shown, and the possibility of coexistence of the superfluid with charged-pion condensation is discussed. (author)

19. A perspective on Dyson-Schwinger equation: toy model of Pion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chang Lei

2016-01-01

Full Text Available We suggest a model representation of pion leading Bethe-Salpeter amplitude which involves a particular momentum dependence. Combining the constituent-quark propagator approximation we discuss the twist-2 parton distribution amplitude, parton distribution function, pion elastic form factor and π − γ transition form factor.

20. Postoperative posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION following right pterional meningioma surgery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Boby Varkey Maramattom

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Postoperative visual loss (POVL is an unpredictable complication of nonocular surgeries. Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION is particularly feared in spinal surgeries in the prone position. We report a rare case of PION occurring after surgery for a pterional meningioma and discuss the various factors implicated in POVL.

1. Scaling and chiral extrapolation of pion mass and decay constant with maximally twisted mass QCD

CERN Document Server

Dimopoulos, P; Herdoiza, G; Jansen, K; Michael, C; Urbach, C

2008-01-01

We present an update of the results for pion mass and pion decay constant as obtained by the ETM collaboration in large scale simulations with maximally twisted mass fermions and two mass degenerate flavours of light quarks. We discuss the continuum, chiral and infinite volume extrapolation of these quantities as well as the extraction of low energy constants, and investigate possible systematic uncertainties.

2. Thermocurrent dosimetry with high purity aluminum oxide

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fullerton, G.D.; Cameron, J.R.; Moran, P.R.

1976-01-01

3. Report: dosimetry of diagnostic exams in nuclear medicine; Rapport: dosimetrie des explorations diagnostiques en medecine nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Touzery, C. [Centre Regional de Lutte Contre le Cancer de Bourgogne, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, 21 - Dijon (France); Aubert, B. [Institut Gustave Roussy, 94 - Villejuif (France); Caselles, O. [Centre Claudius-Regaud, 31 - Toulouse (France); Gardin, I. [Centre Henri Becquerel, 76 - Rouen (France); Guilhem, M.Th. [Centre Hospitalier Regional de la Source, 45 - Orleans (France); Laffont, S. [Centre Eugene-Marquis, 35 - Rennes (France); Lisbona, A. [Centre Regional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Rene-Gauducheau, 44 - Nantes (France)

2002-07-01

A compilation about dosimetry of diagnosis explorations in nuclear medicine is presented in this issue. Dosimetry tables of the different radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine give indications on absorbed and efficient doses according the patients age from one year to adult age. The doses received by a fetus during a lung scintigraphy realized for the pregnant woman susceptible to suffer of pulmonary emboli is presented. A table of efficient doses for the infants until the age of six months for the principal scintigraphy explorations realized in nuclear medicine are given. A chapter of theoretical headlines is devoted to dosimetry and the calculations methods of absorbed and efficient doses in function of patients age. A short chapter concerns the recommendations to explore nursing mothers by scintigraphy. A last chapter treats the efficient doses received during explorations using ionizing radiations in radiology and their place in annual natural irradiation scale. (N.C.)

4. Reconstructive dosimetry for cutaneous radiation syndrome

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, C.M.A.; Lima, A.R.; Degenhardt, Ä.L.; Da Silva, F.C.A., E-mail: dasilva@ird.gov.br [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Valverde, N.J. [Fundacao Eletronuclear de Assistencia Medica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2015-10-15

5. Hanford Internal Dosimetry Project manual. Revision 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carbaugh, E.H.; Bihl, D.E.; MacLellan, J.A.; Long, M.P.

1994-07-01

This document describes the Hanford Internal Dosimetry Project, as it is administered by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) in support of the US Department of Energy and its Hanford contractors. Project services include administrating the bioassay monitoring program, evaluating and documenting assessment of potential intakes and internal dose, ensuring that analytical laboratories conform to requirements, selecting and applying appropriate models and procedures for evaluating radionuclide deposition and the resulting dose, and technically guiding and supporting Hanford contractors in matters regarding internal dosimetry. Specific chapters deal with the following subjects: practices of the project, including interpretation of applicable DOE Orders, regulations, and guidance into criteria for assessment, documentation, and reporting of doses; assessment of internal dose, including summary explanations of when and how assessments are performed; recording and reporting practices for internal dose; selection of workers for bioassay monitoring and establishment of type and frequency of bioassay measurements; capability and scheduling of bioassay monitoring services; recommended dosimetry response to potential internal exposure incidents; quality control and quality assurance provisions of the program.

6. Electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry using synthetic hydroxyapatite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Kwon; Kim, Hwi Young; Ye, Sung Joon [Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Hirata, Hiroshi [Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan); Park, Jong Min [Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2014-11-15

The victims exposed doses under 3.5-4.0 Gy have chance to survive if treated urgently. To determine the priority of treatment among a large number of victims, the triage – distinguishing patients who need an urgent treatment from who may not be urgent – is necessary based on radiation biodosimetry. A current gold standard for radiation biodosimetry is the chromosomal assay using human lymphocytes. But this method requires too much time and skilled labors to cover the mass victims in radiation emergencies. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been known for its capability of quantifying radicals in matters. EPR dosimetry is based on the measurement of stable radiation-induced radicals in tooth enamel. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) contained in tooth enamel is a major probe for radiation dose reconstruction. This HAP dosimetry study was performed using a novel EPR spectrometer in Hokkaido University, Japan. The EPR dose-response curve was made using HAP samples. The blind test using 250 cGy samples showed the feasibility of EPR dosimetry for the triage purpose.

7. Reconstructive dosimetry for cutaneous radiation syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Lima, C M A; Lima, A R; Degenhardt, Ä L; Valverde, N J; Silva, F C A da

2015-10-01

8. Reconstructive dosimetry for cutaneous radiation syndrome

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C.M.A. Lima

2015-01-01

9. Software tool for portal dosimetry research.

Science.gov (United States)

Vial, P; Hunt, P; Greer, P B; Oliver, L; Baldock, C

2008-09-01

This paper describes a software tool developed for research into the use of an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) to verify dose for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) beams. A portal dose image prediction (PDIP) model that predicts the EPID response to IMRT beams has been implemented into a commercially available treatment planning system (TPS). The software tool described in this work was developed to modify the TPS PDIP model by incorporating correction factors into the predicted EPID image to account for the difference in EPID response to open beam radiation and multileaf collimator (MLC) transmitted radiation. The processes performed by the software tool include; i) read the MLC file and the PDIP from the TPS, ii) calculate the fraction of beam-on time that each point in the IMRT beam is shielded by MLC leaves, iii) interpolate correction factors from look-up tables, iv) create a corrected PDIP image from the product of the original PDIP and the correction factors and write the corrected image to file, v) display, analyse, and export various image datasets. The software tool was developed using the Microsoft Visual Studio.NET framework with the C# compiler. The operation of the software tool was validated. This software provided useful tools for EPID dosimetry research, and it is being utilised and further developed in ongoing EPID dosimetry and IMRT dosimetry projects.

10. Diagnostic radiology dosimetry: status and trends

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rivera M, T., E-mail: trivera@ipn.mx [IPN, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Av. Legaria 694, 11500 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)

2015-10-15

11. Methodological aspects of EPR dosimetry with teeth

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sholom, S.; Chumak, V. [Scientific Center for Radiation Medicine, Kiev (Ukraine)

2001-07-01

EPR dosimetry with tooth enamel is known today as one of the most reliable and accurate methods of retrospective dosimetry. In the present study a comprehensive analysis of influence of the major confounding factors (solar UV exposure and dental X-ray diagnostic procedures) on the accuracy of accidental dose reconstruction is given. In this analysis, the facts known from literature as well as own authors' results were considered. Among the latter it is worth to mention study of doses in enamel caused by X-ray diagnostic procedures as well as investigation of dose profiles in front teeth, which are most affected to solar radiation. As a main result, the variant of dosimetric technique is proposed. It comprises the optimal combination of strongest sides of existing techniques which allows to conduct routine reconstruction of accidental doses as low as few tens of mGy with errors of the same order of magnitude. The proposed technique is primarily destined for dosimetry of Chernobyl liquidators, but could be used for reconstruction of doses of other over-exposed categories. (orig.)

12. In vivo dosimetry in external beam radiotherapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mijnheer, Ben [Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX (Netherlands); Beddar, Sam [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 (United States); Izewska, Joanna [Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna 1400 (Austria); Reft, Chester [Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (United States)

2013-07-15

In vivo dosimetry (IVD) is in use in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to detect major errors, to assess clinically relevant differences between planned and delivered dose, to record dose received by individual patients, and to fulfill legal requirements. After discussing briefly the main characteristics of the most commonly applied IVD systems, the clinical experience of IVD during EBRT will be summarized. Advancement of the traditional aspects of in vivo dosimetry as well as the development of currently available and newly emerging noninterventional technologies are required for large-scale implementation of IVD in EBRT. These new technologies include the development of electronic portal imaging devices for 2D and 3D patient dosimetry during advanced treatment techniques, such as IMRT and VMAT, and the use of IVD in proton and ion radiotherapy by measuring the decay of radiation-induced radionuclides. In the final analysis, we will show in this Vision 20/20 paper that in addition to regulatory compliance and reimbursement issues, the rationale for in vivo measurements is to provide an accurate and independent verification of the overall treatment procedure. It will enable the identification of potential errors in dose calculation, data transfer, dose delivery, patient setup, and changes in patient anatomy. It is the authors' opinion that all treatments with curative intent should be verified through in vivo dose measurements in combination with pretreatment checks.

13. Sensitivity studies associated with dosimetry experiment interpretation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bourganel, S.; Soldevila, M. [CEA/DANS/DM2S/SERMA, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette (France); Ferrer, A.; Gregoire, G.; Destouches, C.; Beretz, D. [CEA/DEN-CAD/DER/SPEX, CEA Cadarache, F13108, Saint Paul lez Durance (France)

2011-07-01

Document available in abstract form only, full text of document follows: Interpretation of reactor dosimetry experiments with C/E comparison requires precise knowledge of parameters involved in modeling. Some parameters have more weight than others on the calculated values. So, sensitivity studies should be conducted to verify the importance of these parameters. The conclusions of these studies are used to refine the experiment modeling, or to correct uncertainty calculations. The results of these sensitivity studies allow a post-irradiation analysis, which can justify the discarding of some atypical C/M values. Derived uncertainties may be improved by the sensitivity analyses. Beyond classical parameters as geometry or composition, this paper describes some specific sensitivity studies conducted for dosimetry irradiation in reactor, and presents conclusions. These studies are based on dosimeters irradiated in the EOLE reactor facility at Cadarache CEA center. Conclusions drawn from these studies are generic and can be applied to any dosimetry study. Calculations performed for these studies were realized using TRIPOLI-4 Monte Carlo code. (authors)

14. Pion production: A probe for coherence in medium-energy heavy-ion collisions

Science.gov (United States)

Stachel, J.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Freifelder, R. H.; Paul, P.; Sen, S.; Deyoung, P.; Zhang, P. H.; Awes, T. C.; Obenshain, F. E.; Plasil, F.; Young, G. R.; Fox, R.; Ronningen, R.

1986-04-01

The production of neutral pions has been studied in reactions of 35 MeV/nucleon 14N+ 27Al,Ni,W and 25 MeV/nucleon 16O+ 27Al,Ni. Inclusive pion differential distributions dσ/dTπ, dσ/dΩ, dσ/dy, dσ/dp⊥, and d2σ/dy dp⊥ have been measured by detecting the two pion-decay γ rays in a setup of 20 lead glass Cˇerenkov detector telescopes. Special care was taken to understand and suppress background events. Effects of pion reabsorption are discussed and it is found that the cross sections presented here are substantially affected by such final state interactions. The comparatively large experimental cross sections and the shape of the spectral distributions cannot be accounted for in single nucleon-nucleon collision or statistical models; they rather call for a coherent pion production mechanism.

15. Comparison of GiBUU calculations with MiniBooNE pion production data

CERN Document Server

Lalakulich, Olga

2013-01-01

Background. Neutrino-induced pion production can give important informationon the axial coupling to nucleon resonances. Furthermore, pion production represents a major background to quasielastic-like events. Single pion production data from the MiniBooNE in charged current neutrino scattering in mineral oil appeared higher than expected within conventional theoretical approaches. Purpose. We aim to investigate which model parameters affect the calculated cross section and how they do this. Method. The Giessen Boltzmann--Uehling--Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) model is used for an investigation of neutrino-nucleus reactions. Results. Presented are integrated and differential cross sections for 1\\pi^+ and 1\\pi^0 production before and after final state interactions in comparison with the MiniBooNE data. Conclusions. For the MiniBooNE flux all processes (QE, 1\\pi-background, \\Delta, higher resonance production, DIS) contribute to the observed final state with one pion of a given charge. The uncertainty in elementary pion prod...

16. In-medium effective chiral lagrangians and the pion mass in nuclear matter

CERN Document Server

Wirzba, A; Wirzba, Andreas; Thorsson, Vesteinn

1995-01-01

We argue that the effective pion mass in nuclear matter obtained from chiral effective lagrangians is unique and does not depend on off-mass-shell extensions of the pion fields as e.g. the PCAC choice. The effective pion mass in isospin symmetric nuclear matter is predicted to increase slightly with increasing nuclear density, whereas the effective time-like pion decay constant and the magnitude of the density-dependent quark condensate decrease appreciably. The in-medium Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation as well as other in-medium identities are studied in addition. Finally, several constraints on effective lagrangians for the description of the pion propagation in isospin symmetric, isotropic and homogenous nuclear matter are discussed. (Talk presented at the workshop `Hirschegg '95: Hadrons in Nuclear Matter'', Hirschegg, Kleinwalsertal, Austria, January 16-21, 1995)

17. Intensity-dependent pion-nucleon coupling in multipion production processes

CERN Document Server

Martinis, M

1996-01-01

We propose an intensity-dependent pion-nucleon coupling Hamiltonian within a unitary multiparticle-production model of the Auerbach- Avin-Blankenbecler-Sugar (AABS) type in which the pion field is represented by the thermal-density matrix.Using this Hamiltonian, we explain the appearance of the negative-binomial (NB) distribution for pions and the well-known empirical relation, the so-called Wr\\' oblewski relation, in which the dispersion $D$ of the pion- multiplicity distribution is linearly related to the average multiplicity  : $D = A + B$, with the coefficient $A < 1$. The Hamiltonian of our model is expressed linearly in terms of the generators of the $SU(1,1)$ group.We also find the generating function for the pion field, which reduces to the generating function of the NB distribution limit $T \\to 0$.

18. Neutral pion number fluctuations at high multiplicity in pp-interactions at 50 GeV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Popov V. V.

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The results of E-190 experiment (project Thermalization with 50 GeV proton beam irradiation of SVD-2 setup are presented. MC simulation has shown the linear dependence of number of photons detected in electromagnetic calorimeter and the average number of neutral pions. Multiplicity distribution of neutral pion, N0, for total number of particles in the event, Ntot = Nch + N0, are obtained with corrections on the setup acceptance, triggering and efficiency of the event reconstruction. The scaled variance of neutral pion fluctuations, ω = D/ , versus total multiplicity is measured. The fluctuations increase at Ntot > 18. According to quantum statistics models this behavior can indicate a pion condensate formation in the high pion multiplicity system. This effect has been observed for the first time.

19. Energy dependence of negatively charged pion production in proton-proton interactions at the CERN SPS

CERN Document Server

AUTHOR|(SzGeCERN)663936; Dominik, Wojciech; Gaździck, Marek

2016-01-01

This thesis presents inclusive spectra of the negatively charged pions produced in inelastic proton-proton interactions measured at five beam momenta: 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c. The measurements were conducted in the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN using a system of five Time Projection Chambers. The negatively charged pion spectra were calculated based on the negatively charged hadron spectra. Contribution of hadrons other than the primary pions was removed using EPOS simulations. The results were corrected for effects related to detection, acceptance, reconstruction efficiency and the analysis technique. Two-dimensional spectra were derived as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum or transverse mass. The spectra were parametrised by widths of the rapidity distributions, inverse slope parameters of the transverse mass distributions, mean transverse masses and the total pion multiplicities. The negatively charged pion spectra in proton-proton interactions belong to a broad NA61/SHINE programme of se...

20. Chiral behaviour of the pion decay constant in N{sub f}=2 QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lottini, Stefano [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen (Germany). John von Neumann-Inst. fuer Computing NIC; Collaboration: ALPHA Collaboration

2013-11-15

As increased statistics and new ensembles with light pions have become available within the CLS effort, we complete previous work by inspecting the chiral behaviour of the pion decay constant. We discuss the validity of Chiral Perturbation Theory ({chi}PT) and examine the results concerning the pion decay constant and the ensuing scale setting, the pion mass squared in units of the quark mass, and the ratio of decay constants f{sub K}=f{sub {pi}}; along the way, the relevant low-energy constants of SU(2) {chi}PT are estimated. All simulations were performed with two dynamical flavours of nonperturbatively O(a)-improved Wilson fermions, on volumes with m{sub {pi}}L{>=}4, pion masses{>=}192 MeV and lattice spacings down to 0.048 fm. Our error analysis takes into account the effect of slow modes on the autocorrelations.

1. Decay constants of the pion and its excitations on the lattice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mastropas, Ekaterina V. [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA; Richards, David G. [Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA

2014-06-23

We present a lattice QCD calculation of the ratios of decay constants of the excited states of the pion, to that of the pion ground state. We use an anisotropic clover fermion action with three flavors of quarks, and study the pion decay constants at three values of the light-quark masses, corresponding to pion masses of 391, 524 and 702 MeV. We find that the decay constant of the first excitation, and more notably of the second, is suppressed with respect to that of the ground-state pion, but that the suppression shows little dependence on the quark mass. The strong suppression of the decay constant of the second excited state is consistent with its interpretation as a predominantly hybrid state.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valero, M. [Autorite de Surete Nucleaire, 75 Paris (France); Sirinelli, D. [Tours Univ., 37 (France); Chateil, J.F. [CHU Bordeaux, 33 (France)

2009-10-15

The objective is to give to the participants the means to determine, by simple methods, the dose delivered to skin during a radiological examination (conventional or numerical). The message to remember is: the use of a numerical detector does not lead systematically to reduce the dose at the patient. The dose.length product is a risk indicator. It is important to compare our practices to the procedures written in the guide of procedures and to note and to send to I.R.S.N. the dosimetry data relative to the dosimetry reference levels. (N.C.)

3. The longitudinal and transverse distributions of the pion wave function from the present experimental data on the pion-photon transition form factor

Science.gov (United States)

Zhong, Tao; Wu, Xing-Gang; Huang, Tao

2016-07-01

The low-energy and high-energy behavior of the pion-photon transition form factor F_{π γ }(Q^2) are sensitive to the transverse and longitudinal distributions of the pion wave function, respectively. A careful study of F_{π γ }(Q^2) shall thus provide helpful constraints on the properties of the pion wave function. In this paper, we present a combined analysis of the data on F_{π γ }(Q^2) reported by the CELLO, the CLEO, the BABAR, and the BELLE Collaborations. It is performed by using the method of least squares. By using the combined measurements of the BELLE and CLEO Collaborations, the pion wave function longitudinal and transverse behavior can be fixed to a certain degree, i.e. we obtain β in [0.691,0.757] GeV and B in [0.00,0.235] for P_{χ ^2} ≥ 90 %, where β and B are two parameters of a convenient pion wave function model. It is noted that the distribution amplitude of such a pion wave function can mimic various longitudinal behaviors, as suggested in the literature under a proper choice of parameters. We observe that the CELLO, CLEO, and BELLE data are consistent with each other, all of which prefer the asymptotic-like distribution amplitude; while the BABAR data prefers a more broad distribution amplitude, such as the CZ-like one.

4. Dosimetry tools and techniques for IMRT.

Science.gov (United States)

Low, Daniel A; Moran, Jean M; Dempsey, James F; Dong, Lei; Oldham, Mark

2011-03-01

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) poses a number of challenges for properly measuring commissioning data and quality assurance (QA) radiation dose distributions. This report provides a comprehensive overview of how dosimeters, phantoms, and dose distribution analysis techniques should be used to support the commissioning and quality assurance requirements of an IMRT program. The proper applications of each dosimeter are described along with the limitations of each system. Point detectors, arrays, film, and electronic portal imagers are discussed with respect to their proper use, along with potential applications of 3D dosimetry. Regardless of the IMRT technique utilized, some situations require the use of multiple detectors for the acquisition of accurate commissioning data. The overall goal of this task group report is to provide a document that aids the physicist in the proper selection and use of the dosimetry tools available for IMRT QA and to provide a resource for physicists that describes dosimetry measurement techniques for purposes of IMRT commissioning and measurement-based characterization or verification of IMRT treatment plans. This report is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of commissioning and QA procedures for IMRT. Instead, this report focuses on the aspects of metrology, particularly the practical aspects of measurements that are unique to IMRT. The metrology of IMRT concerns the application of measurement instruments and their suitability, calibration, and quality control of measurements. Each of the dosimetry measurement tools has limitations that need to be considered when incorporating them into a commissioning process or a comprehensive QA program. For example, routine quality assurance procedures require the use of robust field dosimetry systems. These often exhibit limitations with respect to spatial resolution or energy response and need to themselves be commissioned against more established dosimeters. A chain of

5. Influence of pions on the hadron-quark phase transition

CERN Document Server

Lourenço, O; Frederico, T; Delfino, A; Malheiro, M

2013-01-01

In this work we present the features of the hadron-quark phase transition diagrams in which the pions are included in the system. To construct such diagrams we use two different models in the description of the hadronic and quark sectors. At the quark level, we consider two distinct parametrizations of the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) models. In the hadronic side, we use a well known relativistic mean-field (RMF) nonlinear Walecka model. We show that the effect of the pions on the hadron-quark phase diagrams is to move the critical end point (CEP) of the transitions lines. Such an effect also depends on the value of the critical temperature (T_0) in the pure gauge sector used to parametrize the PNJL models. Here we treat the phase transitions using two values for T_0, namely, T_0 = 270 MeV and T_0 = 190 MeV. The last value is used to reproduce lattice QCD data for the transition temperature at zero chemical potential.

6. Dispersive analysis of the pion transition form factor

CERN Document Server

Hoferichter, Martin; Leupold, Stefan; Niecknig, Franz; Schneider, Sebastian P

2014-01-01

We analyze the pion transition form factor using dispersion theory. We calculate the singly-virtual form factor in the time-like region based on data for the $e^+e^-\\to 3\\pi$ cross section, generalizing previous studies on $\\omega,\\phi\\to3\\pi$ decays and $\\gamma\\pi\\to\\pi\\pi$ scattering, and verify our result by comparing to $e^+e^-\\to\\pi^0\\gamma$ data. We perform the analytic continuation to the space-like region, predicting the poorly-constrained space-like transition form factor below 1 GeV, and extract the slope of the form factor at vanishing momentum transfer $a_\\pi=(30.7\\pm0.6)\\times 10^{-3}$. We derive the dispersive formalism necessary for the extension of these results to the doubly-virtual case, as required for the pion-pole contribution to hadronic light-by-light scattering in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.

7. The quark mean field model with pion and gluon corrections

CERN Document Server

Xing, Xueyong; Shen, Hong

2016-01-01

The properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei are studied within the quark mean field (QMF) model by taking the effects of pion and gluon into account at the quark level. The nucleon is described as the combination of three constituent quarks confined by a harmonic oscillator potential. To satisfy the spirit of QCD theory, the contributions of pion and gluon on the nucleon structure are treated in second-order perturbation theory. For the nuclear many-body system, nucleons interact with each other by exchanging mesons between quarks. With different constituent quark mass, $m_q$, we determine three parameter sets about the coupling constants between mesons and quarks, named as QMF-NK1, QMF-NK2, and QMF-NK3 by fitting the ground-state properties of several closed-shell nuclei. It is found that all of the three parameter sets can give satisfactory description on properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei, meanwhile they can also predict the larger neutron star mass around $2.3M_\\odot$ without the hypero...

8. Pion Polarizabilities from $\\gamma\\gamma\\to\\pi\\pi$ Analysis

CERN Document Server

Dai, Ling-Yun

2016-01-01

We present results for pion polarizabilities predicted using dispersion relations from our earlier Amplitude Analysis of world data on two photon production of meson pairs. The helicity-zero polarizabilities are rather stable and insensitive to uncertainties in cross-channel exchanges. The need is first to confirm the recent result on $(\\alpha_1-\\beta_1)$ for the charged pion by COMPASS at CERN to an accuracy of 10\\% by measuring the $\\gamma\\gamma\\to\\pi^+\\pi^-$ cross-section to an uncertainty of ~1\\%. Then the same polarizability, but for the $\\pi^0$, is fixed to be $(\\alpha_1-\\beta_1)_{\\pi^0}=(0.9\\pm0.2)\\times 10^{-4}$ fm$^{3}$. By analyzing the correlation between uncertainties in the meson polarizability and those in $\\gamma\\gamma$ cross-sections, we suggest experiments need to measure these cross-sections between $\\sqrt{s}\\simeq 350$ and 600~MeV. The $\\pi^0\\pi^0$ cross-section then makes the $(\\alpha_2-\\beta_2)_{\\pi^0}$ the easiest helicity-two polarizability to determine.

9. Quark mean field model with pion and gluon corrections

Science.gov (United States)

Xing, Xueyong; Hu, Jinniu; Shen, Hong

2016-10-01

The properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei are studied within the quark mean field (QMF) model by taking the effects of pions and gluons into account at the quark level. The nucleon is described as the combination of three constituent quarks confined by a harmonic oscillator potential. To satisfy the spirit of QCD theory, the contributions of pions and gluons on the nucleon structure are treated in second-order perturbation theory. In a nuclear many-body system, nucleons interact with each other by exchanging mesons between quarks. With different constituent quark mass, mq, we determine three parameter sets for the coupling constants between mesons and quarks, named QMF-NK1, QMF-NK2, and QMF-NK3, by fitting the ground-state properties of several closed-shell nuclei. It is found that all of the three parameter sets can give a satisfactory description of properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei, moreover they also predict a larger neutron star mass around 2.3 M⊙ without hyperon degrees of freedom.

10. Neutral pion photoproduction of the nucleon near threshold

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nozawa, S.; Lee, T.S.H.; Blankleider, B. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA); Patterson, Moos and Co., Inc., Long Island City, NY (USA))

1989-01-01

Neutral pion photoproduction on the nucleon near threshold is investigated using a dynamical model. It is shown that the commonly used procedure, based on an analytical continuation of the K-matrix to the unphysical region, is not compatible to a dynamical approach. We show that the final state interaction (FSI) amplitude derived from a dynamical model could involve large cancellation between the different pion photoproduction mechanisms. This leads that the FSI due to the intermediate {pi}{sup 0}p state can be as important as that due to the {pi}{sup +}n intermediate state. At threshold, we obtain E{sub 0+} = {minus}1.92 {times} 10{sup {minus}3}/m{sub {pi}+}. This number is close to the measured value of E{sub 0+} = {minus}1.5 {times} 10{sup {minus}3}/m{sub {pi}+}. No violation of the low energy theorem is required to obtain good agreement between the calculated total cross sections and experimental data drum threshold to about 400 MeV incident photon energy. 10 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

11. Influence of pions on the hadron-quark phase transition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lourenco, O.; Dutra, M.; Frederico, T.; Malheiro, M. [Departamento de Fisica, Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica-CTA, 12228-900, Sao Jose dos Campos (Brazil); Delfino, A. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Litoranea s/n, 24210-150, Boa Viagem, Niteroi RJ (Brazil)

2013-05-06

In this work we present the features of the hadron-quark phase transition diagrams in which the pions are included in the system. To construct such diagrams we use two different models in the description of the hadronic and quark sectors. At the quark level, we consider two distinct parametrizations of the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) models. In the hadronic side, we use a well known relativistic mean-field (RMF) nonlinear Walecka model. We show that the effect of the pions on the hadron-quark phase diagrams is to move the critical end point (CEP) of the transitions lines. Such an effect also depends on the value of the critical temperature (T{sub 0}) in the pure gauge sector used to parametrize the PNJL models. Here we treat the phase transitions using two values for T{sub 0}, namely, T{sub 0}= 270 MeV and T{sub 0}= 190 MeV. The last value is used to reproduce lattice QCD data for the transition temperature at zero chemical potential.

12. Nuclear mean field from chiral pion-nucleon dynamics

CERN Document Server

Kaiser, N; Weise, W

2002-01-01

Using the two-loop approximation of chiral perturbation theory, we calculate the momentum- and density-dependent single-particle potential of nucleons in isospin-symmetric nuclear matter. The contributions from one- and two-pion exchange diagrams give rise to a potential depth for a nucleon at rest of U(0,k sub f sub 0)=-53.2 MeV at saturation density. The momentum dependence of the real part of the single-particle potential U(p,k sub f sub 0) is nonmonotonic and can be translated into a mean effective nucleon mass of M*bar approx =0.8M. The imaginary part of the single-particle potential W(p,k sub f) is generated to that order entirely by iterated one-pion exchange. The resulting half width of a nucleon hole-state at the bottom of the Fermi sea comes out as W(0,k sub f sub 0)=29.7 MeV. The basic theorems of Hugenholtz-Van-Hove and Luttinger are satisfied in our perturbative two-loop calculation of the nuclear mean field.

13. Experiments on the nuclear interactions of pions and electrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minehart, R. C.; Ziock, K. O.H.

1990-06-01

This paper discusses: {pi}{sup +} + d {yields} 2p; Pion Absorption in {sup 3}He; Pion Absorption in {sup 4}He; Evidence for narrow structure in the analyzing power of the {sup 3}He ({rvec p}, d)X reaction; Coherent {eta}-Meson Production in the Reaction {pi}{minus} + {sup 3}He {yields} {eta} + t; Search for heavy neutrinos; The search for fractionally charged particles; Search for the rare decay, {mu} {sup +} {yields} e{sup +} + {gamma}; A Precise Measurement of the {pi}{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup 0} e{sup +}{nu} Decay Rate; Transverse and Longitudinal Response Functions for Several Nuclei near Q{sup 2} = 1 (GeV/c){sup 2}; The Q{sup 2}-dependence of the {sup 4}He (e, e'p) coincidence cross section at the quasielastic peak; The Response Function R{sub LT} in the reaction {sup 16}O(e, e' p); and Absorption of anti-protons in heavy nuclei.

14. A transition radiation detector for kaon/pion separation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baake, M.; Diekmann, B.; Gebert, F.; Heinloth, K.; Holzkamp, S.; Koersgen, G.; Voigtlaender-Tetzner, A. (Bonn Univ. (Germany, F.R.)); Bagdassarian, L.; Kazarian, C.; Oganessian, A. (Erevanskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ. (USSR))

1989-09-01

The experiment WA69 at the CERN Omega spectrometer facility has studied fixed target photon and hadron production of inclusive hadronic final states with tagged photon beams of 65-175 GeV in comparison to charged hadron beams ({pi} and K) of 80 and 140 GeV fixed energies. For the identification of final state pions and kaons above 100 GeV/c a transition radiation detector (TRAD) has been developed. This detector was constructed of 12 modules, each consisting of a polypropylene fibre radiator and a proportional chamber with a xenon/methane gas mixture to detect the transition radiation produced by fast moving charged particles. We give a description of the detector setup and working conditions. As a first result obtained with the TRAD the ratio of photoproduced kaons and pions in the extreme forward regime (x{sub F}>0.7 and -t<1 GeV{sup 2}) is measured to be 10.2(+-1.7)% which is in agreement with VDM predictions. (orig.).

15. Search for a bound state of kaon and pion

CERN Document Server

Kishimoto, T; Hayakawa, T; Ajimura, S; Itabashi, T; Matsuoka, K; Minami, S; Mitoma, Y; Sakaguchi, A; Shimizu, Y; Terai, K; Sato, T; Noumi, H; Sekimoto, M; Takahashi, H; Fukuda, T; Imoto, W; Mizoi, Y

2012-01-01

We have searched for a bound state of kaon and pion denoted by $X$. The $X$ was conjectured to explain the so-called $\\Theta^+$ resonance as a bound state of kaon, pion and nucleon. This model explains almost all properties of the $\\Theta^+$, however, the model works only if the $K \\pi$ interaction is strongly attractive. It is so strong that it could make a bound state $X$. Here we report a result of the search for the $X$ by using the $K^+ + N \\rightarrow X^+ + N$ reaction at P$_K\\sim$ 1.2 GeV/c. The $X^+ \\rightarrow K^+ \\gamma \\gamma$ decay produces $K^+$ in momentum region where other processes cannot fill. We observed signature of the $X^+$ with statistical significance of 2 $\\sigma$. Production cross section of $X$ with respect to that of $\\pi^0$ is 1$\\pm$0.5% if we take it as an evidence and 1.5% if we set an upper limit.

16. Pion absorption on 3He at low energies

Science.gov (United States)

Hahn, H.; Altman, A.; Ashery, D.; Gefen, G.; Gill, D. R.; Johnson, R. R.; Levy-Nathansohn, R.; Moinester, M. A.; Sevior, M.; Trelle, R. P.

1996-03-01

The reactions 3He(π+,pp)p and 3He(π-,pn)n were studied at 37.0 MeV by coincidence detection of two nucleons. The differential cross sections were separated to two-nucleon (σ2N), three-nucleon (σ3N), and final-state interaction (σFSI) components. For π+, the σ2N angular distribution is symmetric about 90°, and the total cross section is 1.5 times the cross section measured for d(π+,pp). For π-, the angular distribution is asymmetric (backward peaked). The asymmetry increases with decreasing energy, indicating increasing pion s-wave contribution at lower energies. The fraction of the cross section induced by s-wave pions as calculated by a partial wave amplitude analysis is 13%. The measured total cross sections are σ2N(π-)=0.85+/-0.08 mb and σ2N(π+)=7.9+/-0.5 mb; σ3N(π-)=1.6+/-0.7 mb and σ3N(π+)=1.3+/-0.3 mb. A new evaluation of σ3N at Tπ=62.5 and 82.8 MeV is given, using data from an earlier experiment. The cross sections leading to the two-nucleon final-state interaction at Tπ=37.0 MeV are also estimated.

17. Direct pion emission in D*+ → D+π decays

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Xing-Dao; Liu, Xue-Wen; Ke, Hong-Wei; Li, Xue-Qian

2016-07-01

The QCD multipole expansion (QCDME) is based on quantum field theory and has been extensively applied to study transitions among ϒ and ψ family members. As it refers to non-perturbative QCD, however, it has only a certain application range. Even though it successfully explains the transition data among members of the ϒ (ψ) family, as Eichten indicates, beyond the production threshold of mediate states it fails to match data by several orders of magnitude. In this work, by studying a simple decay mode D*→ D + π0, where a pion may be emitted before D* transitions into D, we analyze the contribution of QCD multipole expansion. As the Dπ portal is open, the dominant contribution is an OZI-allowed process where a light quark-pair is excited out from vacuum, and its contribution can be evaluated by the 3 P 0 model. Since direct pion emission is OZI-suppressed and violates isospin conservation, its contribution must be much smaller than the dominant one. By a careful calculation, we estimate that the QCDME contribution should be 3-4 orders smaller than the dominant contribution and this result can offer a quantitative interpretation for Eichten's statement. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11375128)

18. Search for dinucleon decay into pions at Super-Kamiokande

CERN Document Server

Gustafson, J; Haga, Y; Hayato, Y; Ikeda, M; Iyogi, K; Kameda, J; Kishimoto, Y; Miura, M; Moriyama, S; Nakahata, M; Nakajima, T; Nakano, Y; Nakayama, S; Orii, A; Sekiya, H; Shiozawa, M; Takeda, A; Tanaka, H; Tomura, T; Wendell, R A; Irvine, T; Kajita, T; Kametani, I; Kaneyuki, K; Nishimura, Y; Richard, E; Okumura, K; Labarga, L; Fernandez, P; Berkman, S; Tanaka, H A; Tobayama, S; Kearns, E; Raaf, J L; Stone, J L; Sulak, L R; Goldhaber, M; Carminati, G; Kropp, W R; Mine, S; Weatherly, P; Renshaw, A; Smy, M B; Sobel, H W; Takhistov, V; Ganezer, K S; Hartfiel, B L; Hill, J; Hong, N; Kim, J Y; Lim, I T; Akiri, T; Himmel, A; Scholberg, K; Walter, C W; Wongjirad, T; Ishizuka, T; Tasaka, S; Jang, J S; Learned, J G; Matsuno, S; Smith, S N; Hasegawa, T; Ishida, T; Ishii, T; Kobayashi, T; Nakadaira, T; Nakamura, K; Oyama, Y; Sakashita, K; Sekiguchi, T; Suzuki, T TsukamotoA T; Takeuchi, Y; Yano, T; Hirota, S; Huang, K; Ieki, K; Kikawa, T; Minamino, A; Nakaya, T; Suzuki, K; Takahashi, S; Fukuda, Y; Choi, K; Itow, Y; Mitsuka, G; Suzuki, T; Mijakowski, P; Hignight, J; Imber, J; Jung, C K; Palomino, J L; Yanagisawa, C; Ishino, H; Kayano, T; Kibayashi, A; Koshio, Y; Mori, T; Sakuda, M; Kuno, Y; Tacik, R; Kim, S B; Okazawa, H; Choi, Y; Nishijima, K; Koshiba, M; Suda, Y; Totsuka, Y; Yokoyama, M; Bronner, C; Martens, K; Marti, Ll; Suzuki, Y; Vagins, M R; Martin, J F; de Perio, P; Konaka, A; Wilking, M J; Chen, S; Zhang, Y; Wilkes, R J

2015-01-01

A search for dinucleon decay into pions with the Super-Kamiokande detector has been performed with an exposure of 282.1 kiloton-years. Dinucleon decay is a process that violates baryon number by two units. We present the first search for dinucleon decay to pions in a large water Cherenkov detector. The modes $^{16}$O$(pp) \\rightarrow$ $^{14}$C$\\pi^{+}\\pi^{+}$, $^{16}$O$(pn) \\rightarrow$ $^{14}$N$\\pi^{+}\\pi^{0}$, and $^{16}$O$(nn) \\rightarrow$ $^{14}$O$\\pi^{0}\\pi^{0}$ are investigated. No significant excess in the Super-Kamiokande data has been found, so a lower limit on the lifetime of the process per oxygen nucleus is determined. These limits are: $\\tau_{pp\\rightarrow\\pi^{+}\\pi^{+}} > 7.22 \\times 10^{31}$ years, $\\tau_{pn\\rightarrow\\pi^{+}\\pi^{0}} > 1.70 \\times 10^{32}$ years, and $\\tau_{nn\\rightarrow\\pi^{0}\\pi^{0}} > 4.04 \\times 10^{32}$ years. The lower limits on each mode are about two orders of magnitude better than previous limits from searches for dinucleon decay in iron.

19. Benchmark Analysis of Pion Contribution from Galactic Cosmic Rays

Science.gov (United States)

Aghara, Sukesh K.; Blattnig, Steve R.; Norbury, John W.; Singleterry, Robert C., Jr.

2008-01-01

Shielding strategies for extended stays in space must include a comprehensive resolution of the secondary radiation environment inside the spacecraft induced by the primary, external radiation. The distribution of absorbed dose and dose equivalent is a function of the type, energy and population of these secondary products. A systematic verification and validation effort is underway for HZETRN, which is a space radiation transport code currently used by NASA. It performs neutron, proton and heavy ion transport explicitly, but it does not take into account the production and transport of mesons, photons and leptons. The question naturally arises as to what is the contribution of these particles to space radiation. The pion has a production kinetic energy threshold of about 280 MeV. The Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) spectra, coincidentally, reaches flux maxima in the hundreds of MeV range, corresponding to the pion production threshold. We present results from the Monte Carlo code MCNPX, showing the effect of lepton and meson physics when produced and transported explicitly in a GCR environment.

20. Exotic Theta^+ baryon production induced by photon and pion

CERN Document Server

Oh, Y; Lee, S H; Oh, Yongseok; Kim, Hungchong; Lee, Su Houng

2004-01-01

We investigate the photoproduction of the $\\Theta^+(1540)$ on a nucleon ($\\gamma n \\to K^- \\Theta^+$, $\\gamma p \\to \\bar{K}^0 \\Theta^+$) and the pion-induced $\\Theta^+$ production reaction on the proton ($\\pi^- p \\to K^- \\Theta^+$). The total cross sections near threshold are estimated by using hadronic models with effective interaction Lagrangians and form factors that preserve gauge-invariance of the electromagnetic current. The photoproduction cross sections are found to be a few hundred nb, with the cross section on the proton being larger than that on the neutron. The pion-induced production cross section is found to be around a few hundred $\\mu$b but sensitive to the $K^* N \\Theta$ coupling whose value is not yet known. We also study the production cross section assuming that the $\\Theta^+$ has negative parity. The cross sections are then found to be much suppressed compared to the case where $\\Theta^+$ has positive parity. Hence, the interpretation of the $\\Theta^+$ as an odd-parity pentaquark state se...

1. Dosimetry intercomparisons in European medical device sterilization plants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Miller, A.; Sharpe, P.H.G.

2000-01-01

Dosimetry intercomparisons have been carried out involving two-thirds of all European radiation sterilization facilities. Dosimeters for the intercomparisons were supplied by two accredited calibration laboratories. The results show good agreement, and indicate overall dosimetry accuracy of the o...... of the order of +/-5% (1 sigma) for both Co-60 and electron beam plants. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved....

Science.gov (United States)

Perov, S Iu; Kudriashov, Iu B; Rubtsova, N B

2012-01-01

The modern experimental radiofrequency electromagnetic field dosimetry approach has been considered. The main principles of specific absorbed rate measurement are analyzed for electromagnetic field biological effect assessment. The general methodology of specific absorbed rate automated dosimetry system applied to establish the compliance of radiation sources with the safety standard requirements (maximum permissible levels and base restrictions) is described.

3. Neutron dosimetry and radiation damage calculations for HFBR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Greenwood, L.R.; Ratner, R.T. [Pacific Northwest National Lab., TN (United States)

1998-03-01

Neutron dosimetry measurements have been conducted for various positions of the High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in order to measure the neutron flux and energy spectra. Neutron dosimetry results and radiation damage calculations are presented for positions V10, V14, and V15.

4. Use of the GATE Monte Carlo package for dosimetry applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Visvikis, D. [INSERM U650, LaTIM, University Hospital Medical School, F 29609 Brest (France)]. E-mail: Visvikis.Dimitris@univ-brest.fr; Bardies, M. [INSERM U601, CHU Nantes, F 44093 Nantes (France); Chiavassa, S. [INSERM U601, CHU Nantes, F 44093 Nantes (France); Danford, C. [Department of Medical Physics, MSKCC, New York (United States); Kirov, A. [Department of Medical Physics, MSKCC, New York (United States); Lamare, F. [INSERM U650, LaTIM, University Hospital Medical School, F 29609 Brest (France); Maigne, L. [Departement de Curietherapie-Radiotherapie, Centre Jean Perrin, F 63000 Clemont-Ferrand (France); Staelens, S. [UGent-ELIS, St-Pietersnieuwstraat, 41, B 9000 Gent (Belgium); Taschereau, R. [CRUMP Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles (United States)

2006-12-20

One of the roles for Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies is in the area of dosimetry. A number of different codes dedicated to dosimetry applications are available and widely used today, such as MCNP, EGSnrc and PTRAN. However, such codes do not easily facilitate the description of complicated 3D sources or emission tomography systems and associated data flow, which may be useful in different dosimetry application domains. Such problems can be overcome by the use of specific MC codes such as GATE (GEANT4 Application to Tomographic Emission), which is based on Geant4 libraries, providing a scripting interface with a number of advantages for the simulation of SPECT and PET systems. Despite this potential, its major disadvantage is in terms of efficiency involving long execution times for applications such as dosimetry. The strong points and disadvantages of GATE in comparison to other dosimetry specific codes are discussed and illustrated in terms of accuracy, efficiency and flexibility. A number of features, such as the use of voxelised and moving sources, as well as developments such as advanced visualization tools and the development of dose estimation maps allowing GATE to be used for dosimetry applications are presented. In addition, different examples from dosimetry applications with GATE are given. Finally, future directions with respect to the use of GATE for dosimetry applications are outlined.

5. Three-pion Hanbury-Brown-Twiss correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the STAR experiment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adams, J.; Adler, C.; Ahammed, Z.; Allgower, C.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B.D.; Anderson, M.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G.S.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L.S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V.V.; Bellwied, R.; Berger, J.; Bichsel, H.; Billmeier, A.; Bland, L.C.; Blyth, C.O.; Bonner, B.E.; Botje, M.; Boucham, A.; Brandin, A.; Bravar, A.; Cadman, R.V.; Cai, X.Z.; Caines, H.; Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M.; Cardenas, A.; Carroll, J.; Castillo, J.; Castro, M.; Cebra, D.; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, Y.; Chernenko, S.P.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Choi, B.; Christie, W.; Coffin, J.P.; Cormier, T.M.; Corral, Mora M.; Cramer, J.G.; Crawford, H.J.; Derevschikov, A.A.; Didenko, L.; Dietel, T.; Draper, J.E.; Dunin, V.B.; Dunlop, J.C.; Eckardt, V.; Efimov, L.G.; Emelianov, V.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Fachini, P.; Faine, V.; Faivre, J.; Fatemi, R.; Filimonov, K.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flierl, D.; Foley, K.J.; Fu, J.; Gagliardi, C.A.; Gagunashvili, N.; Gans, J.; Gaudichet, L.; Germain, M.; Geurts, F.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Grachov, O.; Guedon, M.; Guertin, S.M.; Gushin, E.; Gutierrez, T.D.; Hallman, T.J.; Hardtke, D.; Harris, J.W.; Heinz, M.; Henry, T.W.; Heppelmann, S.; Herston, T.; Hippolyte, B.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffmann, G.W.; Horsley, M.; Huang, H.Z.; Humanic, T.J.; Igo, G.; Ishihara, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jacobs, W.W.; Janik, M.; Johnson, I.; Jones, P.G.; Judd, E.G.; Kabana, S.; Kaneta, M.; Kaplan, M.; Keane, D.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J.; Klein, S.R.; Klyachko, A.; Kollegger, T.; Konstantinov, A.S.; Kopytine, M.; Kotchenda, L.; Kovalenko, A.D.; Kramer, M.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kuhn, C.; Kulikov, A.I.; Kunde, G.J.; Kunz, C.L.; Kutuev, R.Kh.; Kuznetsov, A.A.; Lamont, M.A.C.; Landgraf, J.M.; Lange, S.; Lansdell, C.P.; Lasiuk, B.; Laue, F.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Leontiev, V.M.; LeVine, M.J.; Li, Q.; Lindenbaum, S.J.; Lisa, M.A.; Liu, F.; Liu, L.; Liu, Q.J.; Liu, Z.; et al.

2003-06-19

Data from the first physics run at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Au+Au collisions at {radical}s{sub NN} = 130 GeV, have been analyzed by the STAR Collaboration using three-pion correlations with charged pions to study whether pions are emitted independently at freezeout. We have made a high-statistics measurement of the three-pion correlation function and calculated the normalized three-particle correlator to obtain a quantitative measurement of the degree of chaoticity of the pion source. It is found that the degree of chaoticity seems to increase with increasing particle multiplicity.

6. Three-pion Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the STAR experiment.

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, J; Adler, C; Ahammed, Z; Allgower, C; Amonett, J; Anderson, B D; Anderson, M; Arkhipkin, D; Averichev, G S; Balewski, J; Barannikova, O; Barnby, L S; Baudot, J; Bekele, S; Belaga, V V; Bellwied, R; Berger, J; Bichsel, H; Billmeier, A; Bland, L C; Blyth, C O; Bonner, B E; Botje, M; Boucham, A; Brandin, A; Bravar, A; Cadman, R V; Cai, X Z; Caines, H; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M; Cardenas, A; Carroll, J; Castillo, J; Castro, M; Cebra, D; Chaloupka, P; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, Y; Chernenko, S P; Cherney, M; Chikanian, A; Choi, B; Christie, W; Coffin, J P; Cormier, T M; Mora Corral, M; Cramer, J G; Crawford, H J; Derevschikov, A A; Didenko, L; Dietel, T; Draper, J E; Dunin, V B; Dunlop, J C; Eckardt, V; Efimov, L G; Emelianov, V; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Erazmus, B; Fachini, P; Faine, V; Faivre, J; Fatemi, R; Filimonov, K; Finch, E; Fisyak, Y; Flierl, D; Foley, K J; Fu, J; Gagliardi, C A; Gagunashvili, N; Gans, J; Gaudichet, L; Germain, M; Geurts, F; Ghazikhanian, V; Grachov, O; Guedon, M; Guertin, S M; Gushin, E; Gutierrez, T D; Hallman, T J; Hardtke, D; Harris, J W; Heinz, M; Henry, T W; Heppelmann, S; Herston, T; Hippolyte, B; Hirsch, A; Hjort, E; Hoffmann, G W; Horsley, M; Huang, H Z; Humanic, T J; Igo, G; Ishihara, A; Jacobs, P; Jacobs, W W; Janik, M; Johnson, I; Jones, P G; Judd, E G; Kabana, S; Kaneta, M; Kaplan, M; Keane, D; Kiryluk, J; Kisiel, A; Klay, J; Klein, S R; Klyachko, A; Kollegger, T; Konstantinov, A S; Kopytine, M; Kotchenda, L; Kovalenko, A D; Kramer, M; Kravtsov, P; Krueger, K; Kuhn, C; Kulikov, A I; Kunde, G J; Kunz, C L; Kutuev, R Kh; Kuznetsov, A A; Lamont, M A C; Landgraf, J M; Lange, S; Lansdell, C P; Lasiuk, B; Laue, F; Lauret, J; Lebedev, A; Lednický, R; Leontiev, V M; LeVine, M J; Li, Q; Lindenbaum, S J; Lisa, M A; Liu, F; Liu, L; Liu, Z; Liu, Q J; Ljubicic, T; Llope, W J; Long, H; Longacre, R S; Lopez-Noriega, M; Love, W A; Ludlam, T; Lynn, D; Ma, J; Ma, Y G; Magestro, D; Majka, R; Margetis, S; Markert, C; Martin, L; Marx, J; Matis, H S; Matulenko, Yu A; McShane, T S; Meissner, F; Melnick, Yu; Meschanin, A; Messer, M; Miller, M L; Milosevich, Z; Minaev, N G; Mitchell, J; Molnar, L; Moore, C F; Morozov, V; de Moura, M M; Munhoz, M G; Nelson, J M; Nevski, P; Nikitin, V A; Nogach, L V; Norman, B; Nurushev, S B; Odyniec, G; Ogawa, A; Okorokov, V; Oldenburg, M; Olson, D; Paic, G; Pandey, S U; Panebratsev, Y; Panitkin, S Y; Pavlinov, A I; Pawlak, T; Perevoztchikov, V; Peryt, W; Petrov, V A; Picha, R; Planinic, M; Pluta, J; Porile, N; Porter, J; Poskanzer, A M; Potrebenikova, E; Prindle, D; Pruneau, C; Putschke, J; Rai, G; Rakness, G; Ravel, O; Ray, R L; Razin, S V; Reichhold, D; Reid, J G; Renault, G; Retiere, F; Ridiger, A; Ritter, H G; Roberts, J B; Rogachevski, O V; Romero, J L; Rose, A; Roy, C; Rykov, V; Sakrejda, I; Salur, S; Sandweiss, J; Savin, I; Schambach, J; Scharenberg, R P; Schmitz, N; Schroeder, L S; Schweda, K; Seger, J; Seyboth, P; Shahaliev, E; Shestermanov, K E; Shimanskii, S S; Simon, F; Skoro, G; Smirnov, N; Snellings, R; Sorensen, P; Sowinski, J; Spinka, H M; Srivastava, B; Stephenson, E J; Stock, R; Stolpovsky, A; Strikhanov, M; Stringfellow, B; Struck, C; Suaide, A A P; Sugarbaker, E; Suire, C; Sumbera, M; Surrow, B; Symons, T J M; Szanto de Toledo, A; Szarwas, P; Tai, A; Takahashi, J; Tang, A H; Thein, D; Thomas, J H; Thompson, M; Timoshenko, S; Tokarev, M; Tonjes, M B; Trainor, T A; Trentalange, S; Tribble, R E; Trofimov, V; Tsai, O; Ullrich, T; Underwood, D G; Van Buren, G; Vander Molen, A M; Vasiliev, A N; Vigdor, S E; Voloshin, S A; Vznuzdaev, M; Wang, F; Wang, Y; Ward, H; Watson, J W; Wells, R; Westfall, G D; Whitten, C; Wieman, H; Willson, R; Wissink, S W; Witt, R; Wood, J; Xu, N; Xu, Z; Yakutin, A E; Yamamoto, E; Yang, J; Yepes, P; Yurevich, V I; Zanevski, Y V; Zborovský, I; Zhang, H; Zhang, W M; Zoulkarneev, R; Zoulkarneeva, J; Zubarev, A N

2003-12-31

Data from the first physics run at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=130 GeV, have been analyzed by the STAR Collaboration using three-pion correlations with charged pions to study whether pions are emitted independently at freeze-out. We have made a high-statistics measurement of the three-pion correlation function and calculated the normalized three-particle correlator to obtain a quantitative measurement of the degree of chaoticity of the pion source. It is found that the degree of chaoticity seems to increase with increasing particle multiplicity.

7. Study of pion propagation in hot hadronic matter; Etude de la propagation des pions dans la matiere hadronique chaude

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davesne, D. [Lyon-1 Univ., 69 - Villeurbanne (France). Inst. de Physique Nucleaire]|[Universite Claude Bernard, 69 - Lyon (France)

1995-11-15

Considering the very high values of temperature and density reached in ultra-relativistic heavy ions collisions, it might be possible that the hadronic matter produced in such experiments undergoes a phase transition to a state called quark-gluon plasma. Even if this transition has not been proved experimentally yet, it is perfectly clear that these collisions produce some macroscopic systems of hot hadronic matter mainly constituted of pions. Moreover, the spectrum of these pions exhibits a surprising low transverse momentum enhancement which seems to be in contradiction with the low energy theorems. This work is first devoted to a possible explanation of this experimental result. However this explanation, being static, is insufficient: actually, a full description of the space-time evolution in terms of transport theory is needed to understand the global behaviour of the system. The approach proposed here takes into account the in-medium effects not only in the collision term of the transport equations but also in the streaming term. Moreover, a detailed study of the dissipative properties of an interacting Bose system is presented. (author)

8. Sandia National Laboratories Internal Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual (Rev 4)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goke, Sarah Hayes [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Elliott, Nathan Ryan [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2014-09-01

The Sandia National Laboratories’ Internal Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual is intended to provide extended technical discussion and justification of the internal dosimetry program at SNL. It serves to record the approach to evaluating internal doses from radiobioassay data, and where appropriate, from workplace monitoring data per the Department of Energy Internal Dosimetry Program Guide DOE G 441.1C. The discussion contained herein is directed primarily to current and future SNL internal dosimetrists. In an effort to conserve space in the TBM and avoid duplication, it contains numerous references providing an entry point into the internal dosimetry literature relevant to this program. The TBM is not intended to act as a policy or procedure statement, but will supplement the information normally found in procedures or policy documents. The internal dosimetry program outlined in this manual is intended to meet the requirements of Federal Rule 10CFR835 for monitoring the workplace and for assessing internal radiation doses to workers.

9. Can pions created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions produce a Centauro-type effect?

CERN Document Server

Martinis, M; Martinis, M; Mikuta-Martinis, V

1994-01-01

We study a Centauro-type phenomenon in high-energy heavy-ion collisions by assuming that pions are produced semiclassically both directly and in pairs through the isovector channel. The leading-particle effect and the factorization property of the scattering amplitude in the impact-parameter space are used to define the classical pion field. By analyzing the joint probability function P_{II_{3}}(n_{0},n_{ \\_}) for producing n_{0} neutral and n_{-} negative pions from a definite isospin state II_{3} of the incoming leading-particle system we show that only direct production of pions without isovector pairs favors Centauro-type behavior. The presence of isovector pairs seems to destroy the effect. Our conclusion is supported through the calculation of two pion correlation parameters, f_{2}^{0-} and f_{2}^{00}, and the average number of neutral pions ( \\langle n_{0} \\rangle_{n_{ \\_}}) as a function of negative pions (n_{ \\_}) produced.

10. Measurement of neutral current coherent neutral pion production on carbon in a few-GeV neutrino beam

CERN Document Server

Kurimoto, Y; Brice, S J; Bugel, L; Catala-Perez, J; Cheng, G; Conrad, J M; Djurcic, Z; Dore, U; Finley, D A; Franke, A J; Giganti, C; Gomez-Cadenas, J J; Guzowski, P; Hanson, A; Hayato, Y; Hiraide, K; Jover-Manas, G; Karagiorgi, G; Katori, T; Kobayashi, Y K; Kobilarcik, T; Kubo, H; Louis, W C; Loverre, P F; Ludovici, L; Mahn, K B M; Mariani, C; Masuike, S; Matsuoka, K; McGary, V T; Metcalf, W; Mills, G B; Mitsuka, G; Miyachi, Y; Mizugashira, S; Moore, C D; Nakajima, Y; Nakaya, T; Napora, R; Nienaber, P; Orme, D; Otani, M; Russell, A D; Sanchez, F; Shaevitz, M H; Shibata, T -A; Sorel, M; Stefanski, R J; Takei, H; Tanaka, H -K; Tanaka, M; Tayloe, R; Taylor, I J; Tesarek, R J; Uchida, Y; Van de Water, R; Walding, J J; Wascko, M O; White, H B; Wilking, M J; Yokoyama, M; Zeller, G P; Zimmerman, E D

2010-01-01

The SciBooNE Collaboration reports a measurement of neutral current coherent neutral pion production on carbon by a muon neutrino beam with average energy 0.8 GeV. The separation of coherent from inclusive neutral pion production has been improved by detecting recoil protons from resonant neutral pion production. We measure the ratio of the neutral current coherent neutral pion production to total charged current cross sections to be (1.16 +/- 0.24) x 10-2. The ratio of charged current coherent pion to neutral current coherent pion production is calculated to be 0.14+0.30 -0.28, using our published charged current coherent pion measurement.

11. Neutron dosimetry for low dose rate Cf-252 AT sources and adherence to recent clinical dosimetry protocol for brachytherapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rivard, M.J.; Wierzbicki, J.G.; Van den Heuvel, F. [Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States). Dept. of Radiation Oncology; Martin, R.C. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States). Chemical Technology Div.

1997-12-01

In 1995, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43 (AAPM TG-43) published a protocol obsoleting all mixed-field radiation dosimetry for Cf-252. Recommendations for a new brachytherapy dosimetry formalism made by this Task Group favor quantification of source strength in terms of air kerma rather than apparent Curies or other radiation units. Additionally, representation of this dosimetry data in terms of radial dose functions, anisotropy functions, geometric factors, and dose rate constants are in an angular and radial (spherical) coordinate system as recommended, rather than the along-away dosimetry data (Cartesian coordinate system) currently available. This paper presents the initial results of calculated neutron dosimetry in a water phantom for a Cf-252 applicator tube (AT) type medical source soon available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).

12. Dosimetry applications in GATE Monte Carlo toolkit.

Science.gov (United States)

2017-02-21

13. Retrospective accident dosimetry using trapped charges

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, J. I.; Kim, J. L.; Chang, I.; Kim, B. H. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2015-10-15

Dicentric chromosome aberrations technique scoring of aberrations in metaphases prepared from human lymphocytes is most commonly used. This is considered as a reliable technique because the sample is extracted from the individual human body itself. There are other techniques in biological dosimetry such as Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) using translocations, premature chromosome condensation (PCC) and micronucleus assay. However the minimum detectable doses (MDD) are relatively high and sample preparation time is also relatively longer. Therefore, there is limitation in use of these techniques for the purpose of triage in a short time in case of emergency situation relating large number of persons. Electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique is based on the signal from unpaired electrons such as free radicals in irradiated materials especially tooth enamel, however it has also limitation for the purpose of triage because of difficulty of sample taking and its high MDD. Recently as physical methods, thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique have been attracted due to its lower MDD and simplicity of sample preparation. Density of the trapped charges is generally proportional to the radiation dose absorbed and the intensity of emitting light is also proportional to the density of trapped charges, thus it can be applied to measure radiation dose retrospectively. In this presentation, TL and OSL techniques are going to introduced and discussed as physical methods for retrospective accident dosimetry using trapped charges especially in electronic component materials. As a tool for dose reconstruction for emergency situation, thermoluminescece and optically stimulated luminescence techniques which are based on trapped charges during exposure of material are introduced. These techniques have several advantages such as high sensitivity, fast evaluation and ease to sample collection over common biological dosimetry and EPR

14. In vivo light dosimetry for pleural PDT

Science.gov (United States)

Dimofte, Andreea; Zhu, Timothy C.; Finlay, Jarod C.; Culligan, Melissa; Edmonds, Christine E.; Friedberg, Joseph S.; Cengel, Keith; Hahn, Stephen M.

2009-02-01

In-vivo light Dosimetry for patients undergoing photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the important dosimetry quantities critical for predicting PDT outcome. This study examines the light fluence (rate) delivered to patients undergoing pleural PDT as a function of treatment time, treatment volume and surface area, and its accuracy as a function of the calibration accuracies of each isotropic detector and the calibration integrating sphere. The patients studied here were enrolled in Phase II clinical trial of Photofrin-mediated PDT for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with pleural effusion. The ages of the patients studied varied from 34 to 69 year old. All patients were administered 2mg per kg body weight Photoprin 24 hours before the surgery. Patients undergoing photodynamic therapy (PDT) are treated with laser light with a light fluence of 60 J/cm^2 at 630nm. Fluence rate (mW/cm^2) and cumulative fluence (J/cm^2) was monitored at 7 different sites during the entire light treatment delivery. Isotropic detectors were used for in-vivo light dosimetry. The anisotropy of each isotropic detector was found to be within 30%. The mean fluence rate delivery varied from 37.84 to 94.05 mW/cm^2 and treatment time varied from 1762 to 5232s. We have established a correlation between the treatment time and the treatment volume. The results are discussed using an integrating sphere theory and the measured tissue optical properties. The result can be used as a clinical guideline for future pleural PDT treatment.

15. Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised protons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries for charged pions and charged and neutral kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of high energy muons off transversely polarised protons are presented. The results were obtained using all the available COMPASS proton data, which were taken in the years 2007 and 2010. The Collins asymmetries exhibit in the valence region a non-zero signal for pions and there are hints of non-zero signal also for kaons. The Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive for positive pions and kaons and compatible with zero otherwise.

16. The Pion-Photon Transition Distribution Amplitudes in the Nambu-Jona Lasinio Model

CERN Document Server

Courtoy, A

2007-01-01

We define the pion-photon Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDA) in a field theoretic formalism from a covariant Bethe-Salpeter approach for the determination of the bound state. We apply our formalism to the Nambu - Jona Lasinio model, as a realistic theory of the pion. The obtained vector and axial TDAs satisfy all features required by general considerations. In particular, sum rules and polynomiality condition are explicitly verified. We have numerically proved that the odd coefficients in the polynomiality expansion of the vector TDA vanish in the chiral limit. The role of PCAC and the presence of a pion pole are explicitly showed.

17. Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised proton

CERN Document Server

Adolph, C; Alexeev, M G; Alexeev, G D; Amoroso, A; Andrieux, V; Anosov, V; Austregesilo, A; Badełek, B; Balestra, F; Barth, J; Baum, G; Beck, R; Bedfer, Y; Berlin, A; Bernhard, J; Bicker, K; Bieling, J; Birsa, R; Bisplinghoff, J; Bodlak, M; Boer, M; Bordalo, P; Bradamante, F; Braun, C; Bressan, A; Büchele, M; Burtin, E; Capozza, L; Chiosso, M; Chung, S U; Cicuttin, A; Crespo, M L; Curiel, Q; Dalla Torre, S; Dasgupta, S S; Dasgupta, S; Denisov, O Yu; Donskov, S V; Doshita, N; Duic, V; Dünnweber, W; Dziewiecki, M; Efremov, A; Elia, C; Eversheim, P D; Eyrich, W; Faessler, M; Ferrero, A; Filin, A; Finger, M; Finger jr , M; Fischer, H; Franco, C; du Fresne von Hohenesche, N; Friedrich, J M; Frolov, V; Gautheron, F; Gavrichtchouk, O P; Gerassimov, S; Geyer, R; Gnesi, I; Gobbo, B; Goertz, S; Gorzellik, M; Grabmüller, S; Grasso, A; Grube, B; Grussenmeyer, T; Guskov, A; Guthörl, T; Haas, F; von Harrach, D; Hahne, D; Hashimoto, R; Heinsius, F H; Herrmann, F; Hinterberger, F; Höppner, Ch; Horikawa, N; d’Hose, N; Huber, S; Ishimoto, S; Ivanov, A; Ivanshin, Yu; Iwata, T; Jahn, R; Jary, V; Jasinski, P; Jörg, P; Joosten, R; Kabuß, E; Ketzer, B; Khaustov, G V; Khokhlov, Yu A; Kisselev, Yu; Klein, F; Klimaszewski, K; Koivuniemi, J H; Kolosov, V N; Kondo, K; Königsmann, K; Konorov, I; Konstantinov, V F; Kotzinian, A M; Kouznetsov, O; Krämer, M; Kroumchtein, Z V; Kuchinski, N; Kunne, F; Kurek, K; Kurjata, R P; Lednev, A A; Lehmann, A; Levillain, M; Levorato, S; Lichtenstadt, J; Maggiora, A; Magnon, A; Makke, N; Mallot, G K; Marchand, C; Martin, A; Marzec, J; Matousek, J; Matsuda, H; Matsuda, T; Meshcheryakov, G; Meyer, W; Michigami, T; Mikhailov, Yu V; Miyachi, Y; Nagaytsev, A; Nagel, T; Nerling, F; Neubert, S; Neyret, D; Nikolaenko, V I; Novy, J; Nowak, W -D; Nunes, A S; Olshevsky, A G; Orlov, I; Ostrick, M; Panknin, R; Panzieri, D; Parsamyan, B; Paul, S; Peshekhonov, D V; Platchkov, S; Pochodzalla, J; Polyakov, V A; Pretz, J; Quaresma, M; Quintans, C; Ramos, S; Regali, C; Reicherz, G; Rocco, E; Rossiyskaya, N S; Ryabchikov, D I; Rychter, A; Samoylenko, V D; Sandacz, A; Sarkar, S; Savin, I A; Sbrizzai, G; Schiavon, P; Schill, C; Schlüter, T; Schmidt, K; Schmieden, H; Schönning, K; Schopferer, S; Schott, M; Shevchenko, O Yu; Silva, L; Sinha, L; Sirtl, S; Slunecka, M; Sosio, S; Sozzi, F; Srnka, A; Steiger, L; Stolarski, M; Sulc, M; Sulej, R; Suzuki, H; Szabelski, A; Szameitat, T; Sznajder, P; Takekawa, S; ter Wolbeek, J; Tessaro, S; Tessarotto, F; Thibaud, F; Uhl, S; Uman, I; Virius, M; Wang, L; Weisrock, T; Wilfert, M; Windmolders, R; Wollny, H; Zaremba, K; Zavertyaev, M; Zemlyanichkina, E; Ziembicki, M; Zink, A

2015-01-01

Measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries for charged pions and charged and neutral kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of high energy muons off transversely polarised protons are presented. The results were obtained using all the available COMPASS proton data, which were taken in the years 2007 and 2010. The Collins asymmetries exhibit in the valence region a non-zero signal for pions and there are hints of non-zero signal also for kaons. The Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive for positive pions and kaons and compatible with zero otherwise.

18. A study of transverse charge density of pions in relativistic quantum mechanics

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

DONG Yu-Bing; WANG Yi-Zhan

2011-01-01

The transverse charge density of pions is calculated based on relativistic quantum mechanics,where the pion is regarded as a quark-antiquark bound state. Corrections from the two spin-1/2 constituents and from the wave function of a quark and antiquark inside the bound system are discussed. The calculated results are compared to the results with a realistic effective Lagrangian approach as well as to that with a simple covariant model where the pion is regarded as a composite system with two scalar particles.

19. SiPM-based veto detector for the pion beam at FOPI

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ahmed, Gamal, E-mail: gsmoawad@hotmail.com; Buehler, Pual; Hartmann, Olaf; Marton, Johann; Suzuki, Ken; Zmeskal, Johann [Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Austria)

2012-05-15

Recently the FOPI collaboration carried out an experiment to study the in medium properties of the K{sup + }K{sup - } system by using the pion beam interactions at 1.7 GeV/c. The experiment with a pion beam poses specific requirements to the detectors and therefore the original FOPI setup needed modifications. The new hardware developments for this experiment include the replacement of the veto detector with another more compact design. Within this report we describe the design and results of a test measurement of the new FOPI veto detector system with the pion beam.

20. Lattice study of the Boer-Mulders transverse momentum distribution in the pion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Engelhardt, Michael; Musch, Bernhard; Haegler, Philipp; Negele, John; Schaefer, Andreas

2014-11-01

The Boer-Mulders transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution (TMD) characterizes polarized quark transverse momentum in an unpolarized hadron. Techniques previously developed for lattice calculations of nucleon TMDs are applied to the pion. These techniques are based on the evaluation of matrix elements of quark bilocal operators containing a staple-shaped Wilson connection. Results for the Boer-Mulders transverse momentum shift in the pion, obtained at a pion mass of mπ=518MeV, are presented and compared to corresponding results in the nucleon.
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