#### Sample records for area diode laser

1. Broad-Area Laser Diode With Fiber-Optic Injection

Science.gov (United States)

Hazel, Geoffrey; Mead, Patricia; Davis, Christopher; Cornwell, Donald

1992-01-01

Fiber-optic injection-locked broad-area laser diode features single-mode output via fiber-optic injection and serves as compact, rugged, high-power near-infrared source. Useful in free-space and fiber-optic communication links, as communication-receiver preamplifier, and pump source for solid-state lasers.

2. V-shaped resonators for addition of broad-area laser diode arrays

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Bo; Liu, Yun; Braiman, Yehuda Y.

2012-12-25

A system and method for addition of broad-area semiconductor laser diode arrays are described. The system can include an array of laser diodes, a V-shaped external cavity, and grating systems to provide feedback for phase-locking of the laser diode array. A V-shaped mirror used to couple the laser diode emissions along two optical paths can be a V-shaped prism mirror, a V-shaped stepped mirror or include multiple V-shaped micro-mirrors. The V-shaped external cavity can be a ring cavity. The system can include an external injection laser to further improve coherence and phase-locking.

3. A comprehensive model of catastrophic optical-damage in broad-area laser diodes

Science.gov (United States)

Chin, A. K.; Bertaska, R. K.; Jaspan, M. A.; Flusberg, A. M.; Swartz, S. D.; Knapczyk, M. T.; Petr, R.; Smilanski, I.; Jacob, J. H.

2009-02-01

The present model of formation and propagation of catastrophic optical-damage (COD), a random failure-mode in laser diodes, was formulated in 1974 and has remained substantially unchanged. We extend the model of COD phenomena, based on analytical studies involving EBIC (electron-beam induced current), STEM (scanning transmission-electron microscopy) and sophisticated optical-measurements. We have determined that a ring-cavity mode, whose presence has not been previously reported, significantly contributes to COD initiation and propagation in broad-area laser-diodes.

4. A new approach to assymmetric feedback in a segmented broad area diode laser

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Thestrup Nielsen, Birgitte; Petersen, Paul Michael

2009-01-01

We present the demonstration of a non-critical setup for asymmetric feedback in a segmented broad area diode laser. We compare the dependence of the beam quality on the position of the dispersive element for standard spectral beam combining and our new non-critical setup. We find that our new...

5. TP Diode Laser

OpenAIRE

Lamine, Brahim; Maître, Agnès; Schwob, Catherine

2011-01-01

Master Ce TP consiste à étudier des éléments optoélectroniques courants (diode laser, diode électro-luminescente, photodiode, capteur CCD). Il est axé sur les diodes laser et leurs caractéristiques utilisées dans les télécommunications et la spectroscopie.

6. Spectral properties of a broad-area diode laser with off-axis external-cavity feedback

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chi, Mingjun; Petersen, Paul Michael

2013-01-01

intensity noise spectrum of the diode laser shows that the intensity noise is increased strongly by the external-cavity feedback. External-cavity modes are excited in the external cavity even in the off-axis configuration. The peak spacing of the intensity noise spectrum shows that single roundtrip external......Spectral properties, both the optical spectrum and the intensity noise spectrum, of a broad-area diode laser with off-axis external-cavity feedback are presented. We show that the optical spectrum of the diode laser system is shifted to longer wavelengths due to the external-cavity feedback. The......-cavity modes are excited. We believe that the four-wave mixing process in the broad-area diode laser is responsible for the establishment of the external-cavity mode....

7. Rational Chebyshev spectral transform for the dynamics of broad-area laser diodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This manuscript details the use of the rational Chebyshev transform for describing the transverse dynamics of broad-area laser diodes and amplifiers. This spectral method can be used in combination with the delay algebraic equations approach developed in [1], which substantially reduces the computation time. The theory is presented in such a way that it encompasses the case of the Fourier spectral transform presented in [2] as a particular case. It is also extended to the consideration of index guiding with an arbitrary transverse profile. Because their domain of definition is infinite, the convergence properties of the Chebyshev rational functions allow handling the boundary conditions with higher accuracy than with the previously studied Fourier transform method. As practical examples, we solve the beam propagation problem with and without index guiding: we obtain excellent results and an improvement of the integration time between one and two orders of magnitude as compared with a fully distributed two dimensional model

8. Rational Chebyshev spectral transform for the dynamics of broad-area laser diodes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Javaloyes, J., E-mail: julien.javaloyes@uib.es [Universitat de les Illes Balears, C/Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain); Balle, S. [Institut Mediterrani d' Estudis Avançats, CSIC-UIB, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca (Spain)

2015-10-01

This manuscript details the use of the rational Chebyshev transform for describing the transverse dynamics of broad-area laser diodes and amplifiers. This spectral method can be used in combination with the delay algebraic equations approach developed in [1], which substantially reduces the computation time. The theory is presented in such a way that it encompasses the case of the Fourier spectral transform presented in [2] as a particular case. It is also extended to the consideration of index guiding with an arbitrary transverse profile. Because their domain of definition is infinite, the convergence properties of the Chebyshev rational functions allow handling the boundary conditions with higher accuracy than with the previously studied Fourier transform method. As practical examples, we solve the beam propagation problem with and without index guiding: we obtain excellent results and an improvement of the integration time between one and two orders of magnitude as compared with a fully distributed two dimensional model.

9. Area-Effective Inductive Peaking with Interwoven Inductor for High-Speed Laser-Diode Driver for Optical Communication System

OpenAIRE

KUBOKI, Takeshi; OHTOMO, Yusuke; TSUCHIYA, Akira; KISHINE, Keiji; Onodera, Hidetoshi

2012-01-01

This paper presents an area-effective bandwidth enhancement technique using interwoven inductors. Inductive peaking is a common practice for bandwidth enhancement, however the area overhead of inductors is a serious issue. We implement six or four inductors into an interwoven inductor. Furthermore parasitics of the inductors can be reduced. The proposed inductor is applied to a laser-diode driver in a 0.18µm CMOS. Compared to conventional shunt-peaking, the proposed circuit achieves 1.6 times...

10. Physics and Applications of Laser Diode Chaos

CERN Document Server

Sciamanna, Marc

2015-01-01

An overview of chaos in laser diodes is provided which surveys experimental achievements in the area and explains the theory behind the phenomenon. The fundamental physics underpinning this behaviour and also the opportunities for harnessing laser diode chaos for potential applications are discussed. The availability and ease of operation of laser diodes, in a wide range of configurations, make them a convenient test-bed for exploring basic aspects of nonlinear and chaotic dynamics. It also makes them attractive for practical tasks, such as chaos-based secure communications and random number generation. Avenues for future research and development of chaotic laser diodes are also identified.

11. A High Power InGaN-Based Blue-Violet Laser Diode Array with a Broad-Area Stripe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An array of high power InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well laser diodes with a broad waveguide is fabricated. The laser diode structure is grown on a GaN substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The laser diode array consists of five emitter stripes which share common electrodes on one laser chip. The electrical and optical characteristics of the laser diode array are investigated under the pulse current injection with 10kHz frequency and 100 ns pulse width. The laser diode array emits at the wavelength of 409 nm, which is located in the blue-violet region, and the threshold current is 2.9 A. The maximum output light peak power is measured to be 7.5 W at the wavelength of 411.8 nm under the current of 25 A

12. Diode laser applications in urology

Science.gov (United States)

Sam, Richard C.; Esch, Victor C.

1995-05-01

Diode lasers are air-cooled, efficient, compact devices which have the potential of very low cost when produced in quantity. The characteristics of diode lasers are discussed. Their applications in interstitial thermal treatment of the prostate, and laser ablation of prostate tissues, will be presented.

13. Experimental investigation of factors limiting slow axis beam quality in 9xx nm high power broad area diode lasers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

GaAs-based broad-area diode lasers are needed with improved lateral beam parameter product (BPPlat) at high power. An experimental study of the factors limiting BPPlat is therefore presented, using extreme double-asymmetric (EDAS) vertical structures emitting at 910 nm. Continuous wave, pulsed and polarization-resolved measurements are presented and compared to thermal simulation. The importance of thermal and packaging-induced effects is determined by comparing junction -up and -down devices. Process factors are clarified by comparing diodes with and without index-guiding trenches. We show that in all cases studied, BPPlat is limited by a non-thermal BPP ground-level and a thermal BPP, which depends linearly on self-heating. Measurements as a function of pulse width confirm that self-heating rather than bias-level dominates. Diodes without trenches show low BPP ground-level, and a thermal BPP which depends strongly on mounting, due to changes in the temperature profile. The additional lateral guiding in diodes with trenches strongly increases the BPP ground-level, but optically isolates the stripe from the device edges, suppressing the influence of the thermal profile, leading to a BPP-slope that is low and independent of mounting. Trenches are also shown to initiate strain fields that cause parasitic TM-polarized emission with large BPPlat, whose influence on total BPPlat remains small, provided the overall polarization purity is >95%

14. Diode Laser Arrays

Science.gov (United States)

Botez, Dan; Scifres, Don R.

1994-08-01

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and applications of semiconductor diode laser arrays. All of the major types of arrays are discussed in detail, including coherent, incoherent, edge- and surface-emitting, horizontal- and vertical-cavity, individually addressed, lattice- matched and strained-layer systems. The initial chapters cover such topics as lasers, amplifiers, external-cavity control, theoretical modeling, and operational dynamics. Spatially incoherent arrays are then described in detail, and the uses of vertical-cavity surface emitter and edge-emitting arrays in parallel optical-signal processing and multi-channel optical recording are discussed. Researchers and graduate students in solid state physics and electrical engineering studying the properties and applications of such arrays will find this book invaluable.

15. Laser diode technology and applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This book covers a wide range of semiconductor laser technology, from new laser structures and laser design to applications in communications, remote sensing, and optoelectronics. The authors report on new laser diode physics and applications and present a survey of the state of the art as well as progress in new developments

16. Experimental investigation of factors limiting slow axis beam quality in 9xx nm high power broad area diode lasers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Winterfeldt, M., E-mail: martin.winterfeldt@fbh-berlin.de; Crump, P.; Wenzel, H.; Erbert, G.; Tränkle, G. [Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489 Berlin (Germany)

2014-08-14

GaAs-based broad-area diode lasers are needed with improved lateral beam parameter product (BPP{sub lat}) at high power. An experimental study of the factors limiting BPP{sub lat} is therefore presented, using extreme double-asymmetric (EDAS) vertical structures emitting at 910 nm. Continuous wave, pulsed and polarization-resolved measurements are presented and compared to thermal simulation. The importance of thermal and packaging-induced effects is determined by comparing junction -up and -down devices. Process factors are clarified by comparing diodes with and without index-guiding trenches. We show that in all cases studied, BPP{sub lat} is limited by a non-thermal BPP ground-level and a thermal BPP, which depends linearly on self-heating. Measurements as a function of pulse width confirm that self-heating rather than bias-level dominates. Diodes without trenches show low BPP ground-level, and a thermal BPP which depends strongly on mounting, due to changes in the temperature profile. The additional lateral guiding in diodes with trenches strongly increases the BPP ground-level, but optically isolates the stripe from the device edges, suppressing the influence of the thermal profile, leading to a BPP-slope that is low and independent of mounting. Trenches are also shown to initiate strain fields that cause parasitic TM-polarized emission with large BPP{sub lat}, whose influence on total BPP{sub lat} remains small, provided the overall polarization purity is >95%.

17. Laser diode array and transmission optics

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, Jin H.

1989-01-01

Information on laser diode array and transmission optics is given in viewgraph form. Information is given on coherent combining of laser diode arrays, amplification through a laser diode array, the far field pattern of a laser diode transmitter, and beam diameter at receiver vs. transmission distance.

18. Deterministic polarization chaos from a laser diode

CERN Document Server

Virte, Martin; Thienpont, Hugo; Sciamanna, Marc

2014-01-01

Fifty years after the invention of the laser diode and fourty years after the report of the butterfly effect - i.e. the unpredictability of deterministic chaos, it is said that a laser diode behaves like a damped nonlinear oscillator. Hence no chaos can be generated unless with additional forcing or parameter modulation. Here we report the first counter-example of a free-running laser diode generating chaos. The underlying physics is a nonlinear coupling between two elliptically polarized modes in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. We identify chaos in experimental time-series and show theoretically the bifurcations leading to single- and double-scroll attractors with characteristics similar to Lorenz chaos. The reported polarization chaos resembles at first sight a noise-driven mode hopping but shows opposite statistical properties. Our findings open up new research areas that combine the high speed performances of microcavity lasers with controllable and integrated sources of optical chaos.

19. Enhanced vbasis laser diode package

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deri, Robert J.; Chen, Diana; Bayramian, Andy; Freitas, Barry; Kotovsky, Jack

2014-08-19

A substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface is provided. The substrate includes a plurality of v-grooves formed in the upper surface. Each v-groove includes a first side and a second side perpendicular to the first side. A laser diode bar assembly is disposed within each of the v-grooves and attached to the first side. The laser diode bar assembly includes a first adhesion layer disposed on the first side of the v-groove, a metal plate attached to the first adhesion layer, a second adhesion layer disposed over the metal plate, and a laser diode bar attached to the second adhesion layer. The laser diode bar has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) substantially similar to that of the metal plate.

20. The art in dentistry using Diode laser

OpenAIRE

Bojkovska, Dijana; Dimova, Cena

2010-01-01

The aim of our work was to present the use of diode laser in clinical practice and to underline the benefits of laser application in the treatment of soft tissue. For achieving the aim of the study Laser Diode AlGaAs Galbiaty was used. Diode laser application approved our expectations of achieving immediate efficiency result. The benefits of diode laser treatment were equal because of saving treatment time in the procedure.

1. Laser Diode Beam Basics, Manipulations and Characterizations

CERN Document Server

Sun, Haiyin

2012-01-01

Many optical design technical books are available for many years which mainly deal with image optics design based on geometric optics and using sequential raytracing technique. Some books slightly touched laser beam manipulation optics design. On the other hand many books on laser diodes have been published that extensively deal with laser diode physics with little touching on laser diode beam manipulations and characterizations. There are some internet resources dealing with laser diode beams. However, these internet resources have not covered enough materials with enough details on laser diode beam manipulations and characterizations. A technical book concentrated on laser diode beam manipulations and characterizations can fit in to the open and provide useful information to laser diode users. Laser Diode Beam Basics, Manipulations and  Characterizations is concentrated on the very practical side of the subject, it only discusses the basic physics and mathematics that are necessary for the readers in order...

2. Laser diode pumped solid state laser driver

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Technical and economical feasibility of a diode pumped solid state laser driver for the fusion reactor is presented. Nd-doped solid state laser materials of lasing wavelengths at 1 μm are selected. We discuss the total efficiency of the laser driver in detail and then show that a total efficiency of 12 % can be achieved in the diode pumped solid state laser driver. We design the diode pumped solid state laser drivers with five typical solid state materials using a conceptual design technique. Designing conditions are the output energy of 4MJ per pulse at the wavelength of 0.35 μm, total efficiency of 12 % and repetition rate of 12 Hz. From the results of design, it is concluded the some diode pumped solid state laser drivers have large potentiality from both technical and economical points of view. Based on the conclusion, the items to be investigated for the quicker realization of the diode pumped solid state laser driver are also presented. (author)

3. Diode lasers and photonic integrated circuits

CERN Document Server

Coldren, Larry A; Mashanovitch, Milan L

2011-01-01

Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits, Second Edition provides a comprehensive treatment of optical communication technology, its principles and theory, treating students as well as experienced engineers to an in-depth exploration of this field. Diode lasers are still of significant importance in the areas of optical communication, storage, and sensing. Using the the same well received theoretical foundations of the first edition, the Second Edition now introduces timely updates in the technology and in focus of the book. After 15 years of development in the field, this book wil

4. New laser materials for laser diode pumping

Science.gov (United States)

Jenssen, H. P.

1990-01-01

The potential advantages of laser diode pumped solid state lasers are many with high overall efficiency being the most important. In order to realize these advantages, the solid state laser material needs to be optimized for diode laser pumping and for the particular application. In the case of the Nd laser, materials with a longer upper level radiative lifetime are desirable. This is because the laser diode is fundamentally a cw source, and to obtain high energy storage, a long integration time is necessary. Fluoride crystals are investigated as host materials for the Nd laser and also for IR laser transitions in other rare earths, such as the 2 micron Ho laser and the 3 micron Er laser. The approach is to investigate both known crystals, such as BaY2F8, as well as new crystals such as NaYF8. Emphasis is on the growth and spectroscopy of BaY2F8. These two efforts are parallel efforts. The growth effort is aimed at establishing conditions for obtaining large, high quality boules for laser samples. This requires numerous experimental growth runs; however, from these runs, samples suitable for spectroscopy become available.

5. Handbook of distributed feedback laser diodes

CERN Document Server

Morthier, Geert

2013-01-01

Since the first edition of this book was published in 1997, the photonics landscape has evolved considerably and so has the role of distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes. Although tunable laser diodes continue to be introduced in advanced optical communication systems, DFB laser diodes are still widely applied in many deployed systems. This also includes wavelength tunable DFB laser diodes and DFB laser diode arrays, usually integrated with intensity or phase modulators and semiconductor optical amplifiers.This valuable resource gives professionals a comprehensive description of the differen

6. Laser-diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers; Laser diode reiki Nd:YAG lasear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yuasa, H.; Akiyama, Y.; Nakayama, M. [Toshiba Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

2000-04-01

Laser-diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers are expected to be applied to laser processing fields such as welding, cutting, drilling, and marking due to their potential for high efficiency and compactness. We are designing and developing laser-diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers using numerical analysis simulation techniques such as ray tracing and thermal analysis. We have succeeded in achieving a laser power of more than 3 kW with 20% efficiency, which is the best ever obtained. In addition, we have developed a laser-diode pumped green laser by second harmonic generation, for precision machining on silicon wafers. (author)

7. Schlieren with a laser diode source

Science.gov (United States)

Burner, A. W.; Franke, J. M.

1981-01-01

The use of a laser diode as a light source for a schlieren system designed to study phase objects such as a wind-tunnel flow is explored. A laser diode schlieren photograph and a white light schlieren photograph (zirconium arc source) are presented for comparison. The laser diode has increased sensitivity, compared with light schlieren, without appreciable image degradiation, and is an acceptable source for schlieren flow visualization.

8. Effects of radiation on laser diodes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Phifer, Carol Celeste

2004-09-01

The effects of ionizing and neutron radiation on the characteristics and performance of laser diodes are reviewed, and the formation mechanisms for nonradiative recombination centers, the primary type of radiation damage in laser diodes, are discussed. Additional topics include the detrimental effects of aluminum in the active (lasing) volume, the transient effects of high-dose-rate pulses of ionizing radiation, and a summary of ways to improve the radiation hardness of laser diodes. Radiation effects on laser diodes emitting in the wavelength region around 808 nm are emphasized.

9. Laser diode package with enhanced cooling

Science.gov (United States)

Deri, Robert J.; Kotovsky, Jack; Spadaccini, Christopher M.

2011-09-13

A laser diode package assembly includes a reservoir filled with a fusible metal in close proximity to a laser diode. The fusible metal absorbs heat from the laser diode and undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid during the operation of the laser. The metal absorbs heat during the phase transition. Once the laser diode is turned off, the liquid metal cools off and resolidifies. The reservoir is designed such that that the liquid metal does not leave the reservoir even when in liquid state. The laser diode assembly further includes a lid with one or more fin structures that extend into the reservoir and are in contact with the metal in the reservoir.

10. Laser diode package with enhanced cooling

Science.gov (United States)

Deri, Robert J.; Kotovsky, Jack; Spadaccini, Christopher M.

2012-06-12

A laser diode package assembly includes a reservoir filled with a fusible metal in close proximity to a laser diode. The fusible metal absorbs heat from the laser diode and undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid during the operation of the laser. The metal absorbs heat during the phase transition. Once the laser diode is turned off, the liquid metal cools off and resolidifies. The reservoir is designed such that that the liquid metal does not leave the reservoir even when in liquid state. The laser diode assembly further includes a lid with one or more fin structures that extend into the reservoir and are in contact with the metal in the reservoir.

11. 55 W peak power from 1100 nm wavelength 60 µm broad-area laser diodes enabled by reduced carrier accumulation in the waveguide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Optical power from 1100 nm broad-area laser diodes is found to be limited by the accumulation of minority carriers in the waveguide layer, caused by a small effective barrier between the quantum wells and the GaAs waveguide. This effect is visible as enhanced spontaneous emission at high currents. We show that increasing the number of QWs mitigates this effect and leads to higher emitted powers. Optimized devices deliver more than 55 W per 60 µm stripe width under 300 ns pulse operation. In this paper we present the experimental results of our study

12. Diode-pumped CW molecular lasers

Science.gov (United States)

Wellegehausen, B.; Luhs, W.

2016-05-01

First continuous laser oscillation on many lines in the range of 533-635 nm on different transitions of Na2 and Te2 molecules has been obtained, optically pumped with common cw blue emitting InGaN diode lasers operating around 445 and 460 nm. Spectral narrowing of the diode laser is achieved with a beamsplitter and grating setup, allowing use of more than 50 % of the diode power. Operation conditions and properties of the laser systems are presented, and perspectives for the realization of compact low cost molecular lasers are discussed.

13. Laser semiconductor diode integrated with frequency doubler

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The invention relates to the technology of optoelectronic semiconductor devices and may be used in the production of laser semiconductor diodes integrated with optical nonlinear elements. The laser semiconductor diode integrated with frequency doubler includes a semiconductor substrate, a laser structure with waveguide. metal contacts in the waveguide of the laser structure it is formed a nanostructured field so that the nanostructure provides for the fulfillment of the phase synchronism conditions

14. The use of diode laser in dentistry - two cases report

OpenAIRE

Papakoca, Kiro; Dimova, Cena; Kovacevska, Ivona; Papakoca, Gordana; Radeska, Ana

2012-01-01

Introduction: We present our clinical cases, the use of diode laser in patients with gingival hypertrophy and lower semi impact third molar. An indication for application of our diode laser as in our cases is: At first – periodontal surgery, gingival depigmentation and decontamination and curettage of the sulcus, In the other case, in the area of the third molar, we made operculectomy, circumcision and we got excellent hemostasis. Methods: The patient, a 64 year ...

15. Diode laser (980nm) cartilage reshaping

Science.gov (United States)

El Kharbotly, A.; El Tayeb, T.; Mostafa, Y.; Hesham, I.

2011-03-01

Loss of facial or ear cartilage due to trauma or surgery is a major challenge to the otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons as the complicated geometric contours are difficult to be animated. Diode laser (980 nm) has been proven effective in reshaping and maintaining the new geometric shape achieved by laser. This study focused on determining the optimum laser parameters needed for cartilage reshaping with a controlled water cooling system. Harvested animal cartilages were angulated with different degrees and irradiated with different diode laser powers (980nm, 4x8mm spot size). The cartilage specimens were maintained in a deformation angle for two hours after irradiation then released for another two hours. They were serially measured and photographed. High-power Diode laser irradiation with water cooling is a cheep and effective method for reshaping the cartilage needed for reconstruction of difficult situations in otorhinolaryngologic surgery. Key words: cartilage,diode laser (980nm), reshaping.

16. Interferometry and Holography With Diode Laser Light

CERN Document Server

Lunazzi, Jose Joaquin

2016-01-01

We made an interferometric Michelson type setup and a simple holographic setup to demonstrate the feasibility of interferometric and holographic techniques by means of a diode laser. The laser was made by using a common diode available as a penlight element (less than R$15,00 value) and a simple stabilized 110 VCA- 3 VCC power supply. Interference fringes and holograms of small objects where obtained very similar to those of a helium-neon laser based setup. 17. Advancement of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays For Space-based Laser Instruments Science.gov (United States) Amzajerdian, Farzin; Meadows, Byron L.; Baker, nathaniel R.; Baggott, Renee S.; Singh, Upendra N.; Kavaya, Michael J. 2004-01-01 Space-based laser and lidar instruments play an important role in NASA s plans for meeting its objectives in both Earth Science and Space Exploration areas. Almost all the lidar instrument concepts being considered by NASA scientist utilize moderate to high power diode-pumped solid state lasers as their transmitter source. Perhaps the most critical component of any solid state laser system is its pump laser diode array which essentially dictates instrument efficiency, reliability and lifetime. For this reason, premature failures and rapid degradation of high power laser diode arrays that have been experienced by laser system designers are of major concern to NASA. This work addresses these reliability and lifetime issues by attempting to eliminate the causes of failures and developing methods for screening laser diode arrays and qualifying them for operation in space. 18. Semiconductor laser diodes and the design of a D.C. powered laser diode drive unit OpenAIRE Cappuccio, Joseph C., Jr. 1988-01-01 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited This thesis addresses the design, development and operational analysis of a D.C. powered semiconductor laser diode drive unit. A laser diode requires an extremely stable power supply since a picosecond spike of current or power supply switching transient could result in permanent damage. The design offers stability and various features for operational protection of the laser diode. The ability to intensity modulate (analog) and pulse m... 19. Tapered diode laser pumped 946 nm Nd:YAG laser DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Cheng, Haynes Pak Hay; Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Petersen, Paul Michael; 2009-01-01 We successfully implemented a 946 nm Nd:YAG laser based on a 808 nm tapered diode pump laser. The tapered diode is developed at the Ferdinand-Braun-Institute fur Hochstfrequenztechnik in Germany. Figure 2 shows the experimental setup and results of each pump source coupled into a 1.5 mm crystal...... laser, we show that tapered diode laser pumping potentially increase the power of 946 nm lasers by a factor of two and reduce the threshold by a factor of three.... 20. Diode lasers applied to element spectrometry International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The radiation of continuous-wave single mode laser diodes is narrow-banded and tunable either by current or by temperature variations. Such laser diodes are available up to an output power of several hundred mW. Due to these properties, in the last decade laser diodes were increasingly used for applications in analytical spectrochemistry. It is shown which wavelength ranges are of special interest for the atomic absorption spectrometry and achievable for the fundamental as well as the frequency doubled wavelength of commercially available laser diodes. Besides the frequency doubling another nonlinear technique, the sum frequency generation, is presented and demonstrated, for example, the generation of the wavelengths 365 nm and 283 nm. 1. Diode lasers applied to element spectrometry Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Franzke, Joachim [Institute for Spectrochemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Dortmund (Germany) 2001-11-15 The radiation of continuous-wave single mode laser diodes is narrow-banded and tunable either by current or by temperature variations. Such laser diodes are available up to an output power of several hundred mW. Due to these properties, in the last decade laser diodes were increasingly used for applications in analytical spectrochemistry. It is shown which wavelength ranges are of special interest for the atomic absorption spectrometry and achievable for the fundamental as well as the frequency doubled wavelength of commercially available laser diodes. Besides the frequency doubling another nonlinear technique, the sum frequency generation, is presented and demonstrated, for example, the generation of the wavelengths 365 nm and 283 nm. 2. Blood sugar monitoring with laser diode Science.gov (United States) Zhang, Xiqin; Chen, Jianhong; Yeo, Joon Hock 2006-09-01 In this paper, the non-invasive measurement of blood sugar level was studied by use of near infrared laser diode. The in-vivo experiments were carried out using laser diodes with wavelength 1625nm and 1650nm. Several volunteers were tested before and after drinking glucose solution. We took blood from a fingertip and measured its concentration with a glucose meter while taking signal voltage from laser diode system. The signal voltage was processed by using a computer and blood absorption was obtained. The results show that blood sugar level and blood absorption have similar trends before and after drinking glucose solution. We also compared the trends of drinking glucose solution and pure water and the results show that the difference of blood absorption is obvious. From the results we can see that laser diode is suitable for blood glucose monitoring. 3. Narrow-Bandwidth Diode-Laser-Based Ultraviolet Light Source International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A compact, tunable and narrow-bandwidth laser source for ultraviolet radiation is presented. A grating stabilized diode laser at 1064 nm is frequency-stabilized to below 10 kHz by using a ultra low expansion (ULE) cavity. Injecting light of the diode laser into a tapered amplifier yields a power of 290 mW. In a first frequency-doubling stage, about 47 mW of green light at 532 nm is generated by using a periodically poled KTP crystal. Subsequent second-harmonic generation employing a BBO crystal leads to about 30 μW of ultraviolet light at 266 nm. (fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)) 4. Interstitial laser photocoagulation with diode laser unit in bovine liver International Nuclear Information System (INIS) To evaluate the extent of tissue coagulation during interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP) in normal bovine liver, using a diode laser unit and various parameters, and to determine whether the procedure is applicable to clinical practice. Using an 18-gauge needle, experimental interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP) was carried out in normal bovine liver. On the basis of differing parameters, three groups were established. For group 1, a single photofiber with laser power of 1, 3 and 5 watts and an exposure time of 60, 180, 300, 420 or 600 seconds was used. For groups 2 and 3, four needles were fixed at a distance of 1cm and 1.5cm ; in each case a needle fixation device was used, as well as a laser distributor for simultaneous laser exposure of photofibers. As a control, four photofibers were placed as for group 3, but to compare groups 2 and 3, each photofiber was exposed to a laser of 3 watts 300 seconds, without using a laser distributor. To evaluate the range of tissue coagulation, specimens were analyzed both with regard to cross-sectional gross findings and histopathologically. The largest diameter of thermal coagulation necrosis in Group 1 was 15 X 15mm, and this was ball-shaped. Coalescence of coagulation between each photofiber was observed in Group 2, and this was up to 25mm in diameter. In Group 3 and controls, coalescence was not found, though the extent of tissue coagulation increased with increasing wattage and exposure time. The extent of charring at the center of coagulation also increased with increasing wattage. Smoke bubbles emanating from the coagulation area were observed, and during ILP involving a single photofiber, increased from 3 watts, applied for 300 seconds. Using an 8-gauge needle and a diode laser ILP, we have shown that a range of tissue coagulation acutely ablates normal bovine liver. In selective cases, the procedure could be applied to clinical trials 5. High brightness laser source based on polarization coupling of two diode lasers with asymmetric feedback DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Thestrup, B.; Chi, M.; Sass, B.; Petersen, P.M. 2003-01-01 In this letter, we show that polarization coupling and asymmetric diode-laser feedback can be used to combine two diode-laser beams with low spatial coherence into a single beam with high spatial coherence. The coupled laser source is based on two similar laser systems each consisting of a 1 mumx......200 mum broad area laser diode applied with a specially designed feedback circuit. When operating at two times threshold, 50% of the freely running system output power is obtained in a single beam with an M-2 beam quality factor of 1.6+/-0.1, whereas the M-2 values of the two freely running diode...... lasers are 29+/-1 and 34+/-1, respectively. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.... 6. Drivers for High Power Laser Diodes Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Yankov P; Todorov D; Saramov E 2006-01-01 During the last year the high power laser diodes jumped over the 1 kW level of CW power for a stack,and the commercial 1 cm bars reached 100 W output optical power at the standard wavelengths around 800 nm and 980 nm. The prices are reaching the industry acceptable levels. All Nd:YAG and fiber industrial lasers manufacturers have developed kW prototypes. Those achievements have set new requirements for the power supplies manufactuers-high and stable output current, and possibilities for fast control of the driving current, keeping safe the expensive laser diode. The fast switching frequencies also allow long range free space communications and optical range finding. The high frequencies allow the design of a 3D laser radar with high resolution and other military applications. The prospects for direct laser diode micro machining are also attractive. 7. High power collimated diode laser stack Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) LIU Yuan-yuan; FANG Gao-zhan; MA Xiao-yu; LIU Su-ping; FENG Xiao-ming 2006-01-01 A high power collimated diode laser stack is carried out based on fast-axis collimation and stack packaging techniques.The module includes ten typical continuous wave (cw) bars and the total output power can be up to 368W at 48.6A.Using a cylindrical lens as the collimation elements,we can make the fast-axis divergence and the slow-axis divergence are 0.926 40 and 8.2060 respectively.The light emitting area is limited in a square area of 18.3 mm×11 mm.The module has the advantage of high power density and offers a wide potential applications in pumping and material processing. 8. Assessing the influence of the vertical epitaxial layer design on the lateral beam quality of high-power broad area diode lasers Science.gov (United States) Winterfeldt, M.; Rieprich, J.; Knigge, S.; Maaßdorf, A.; Hempel, M.; Kernke, R.; Tomm, J. W.; Erbert, G.; Crump, P. 2016-03-01 GaAs-based high-power broad-area diode lasers deliver optical output powers Popt > 10W with efficiency > 60%. However, their application is limited due to poor in-plane beam parameter product BPPlat=0.25×Θ95%×w95% (Θ95% and w95% are emission angle and aperture, 95% power content). We present experimental investigations on λ = 9xx nm broad area lasers that aim to identify regulating factors of the BPPlat connected to the epitaxial layer design. First, we assess the thermal lens of vertical designs with varying asymmetry, using thermal camera images to determine its strength. Under study are an extreme-double-asymmetric (EDAS) vertical structure and a reference (i.e. more symmetric) design. The lateral thermal profiles clearly show that BPPlat increase is correlated to the bowing of the thermal lens. The latter is derived out of a quadratic temperature fit in the active region beneath the current injection of the laser device and depends on the details of the epitaxial layers. Second, we test the benefit of low modal gain factor Γg0, predicted to improve BPPlat via a suppression of filamentation. EDAS-based lasers with single quantum well (SQW) and double quantum well (DQW) active regions were compared, with 2.5x reduced Γg0, for 2.2x reduced filament gain. However, no difference is seen in measured BPPlat, giving evidence that filamentary processes are no longer a limit. In contrast, devices with lower Γg0 demonstrate an up to twofold reduced near field modulation depth, potentially enabling higher facet loads and increased device facet reliability, when operated near to the COD limit. 9. Qualification and Selection of Flight Diode Lasers for Space Applications Science.gov (United States) Liebe, Carl C.; Dillon, Robert P.; Gontijo, Ivair; Forouhar, Siamak; Shapiro, Andrew A.; Cooper, Mark S.; Meras, Patrick L. 2010-01-01 The reliability and lifetime of laser diodes is critical to space missions. The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) mission includes a metrology system that is based upon laser diodes. An operational test facility has been developed to qualify and select, by mission standards, laser diodes that will survive the intended space environment and mission lifetime. The facility is situated in an electrostatic discharge (ESD) certified clean-room and consist of an enclosed temperature-controlled stage that can accommodate up to 20 laser diodes. The facility is designed to characterize a single laser diode, in addition to conducting laser lifetime testing on up to 20 laser diodes simultaneously. A standard laser current driver is used to drive a single laser diode. Laser diode current, voltage, power, and wavelength are measured for each laser diode, and a method of selecting the most adequate laser diodes for space deployment is implemented. The method consists of creating histograms of laser threshold currents, powers at a designated current, and wavelengths at designated power. From these histograms, the laser diodes that illustrate a performance that is outside the normal are rejected and the remaining lasers are considered spaceborne candidates. To perform laser lifetime testing, the facility is equipped with 20 custom laser drivers that were designed and built by California Institute of Technology specifically to drive NuSTAR metrology lasers. The laser drivers can be operated in constant-current mode or alternating-current mode. Situated inside the enclosure, in front of the laser diodes, are 20 power-meter heads to record laser power throughout the duration of lifetime testing. Prior to connecting a laser diode to the current source for characterization and lifetime testing, a background program is initiated to collect current, voltage, and resistance. This backstage data collection enables the operational test facility to have full laser diode 10. Microlens frames for laser diode arrays Science.gov (United States) Skidmore, J.A.; Freitas, B.L. 1999-07-13 Monolithic microlens frames enable the fabrication of monolithic laser diode arrays and are manufactured inexpensively with high registration, and with inherent focal length compensation for any lens diameter variation. A monolithic substrate is used to fabricate a low-cost microlens array. The substrate is wet-etched or sawed with a series of v-grooves. The v-grooves can be created by wet-etching, by exploiting the large etch-rate selectivity of different crystal planes. The v-grooves provide a support frame for either cylindrical or custom-shaped microlenses. Because the microlens frames are formed by photolithographic semiconductor batch-processing techniques, they can be formed inexpensively over large areas with precise lateral and vertical registration. The v-groove has an important advantage for preserving the correct focus for lenses of varying diameter. 12 figs. 11. Microlens frames for laser diode arrays Science.gov (United States) Skidmore, Jay A.; Freitas, Barry L. 1999-01-01 Monolithic microlens frames enable the fabrication of monolithic laser diode arrays and are manufactured inexpensively with high registration, and with inherent focal length compensation for any lens diameter variation. A monolithic substrate is used to fabricate a low-cost microlens array. The substrate is wet-etched or sawed with a series of v-grooves. The v-grooves can be created by wet-etching, by exploiting the large etch-rate selectivity of different crystal planes. The v-grooves provide a support frame for either cylindrical or custom-shaped microlenses. Because the microlens frames are formed by photolithographic semiconductor batch-processing techniques, they can be formed inexpensively over large areas with precise lateral and vertical registration. The v-groove has an important advantage for preserving the correct focus for lenses of varying diameter. 12. Cover slip external cavity diode laser CERN Document Server Carr, Adra V; Waitukaitis, Scott R; Perreault, John D; Lonij, Vincent P A; Cronin, Alexander D 2007-01-01 The design of a 671 nm diode laser with a mode-hop-free tuning range of 40 GHz is described. This long tuning range is achieved by simultaneously ramping the external cavity length with the laser injection current. The external cavity consists of a microscope cover slip mounted on piezoelectric actuators. In such a configuration the laser output pointing remains fixed, independent of its frequency. Using a diode with an output power of 5-7 mW, the laser linewidth was found to be smaller than 30 MHz. This cover slip cavity and feedforward laser current control system is simple, economical, robust, and easy to use for spectroscopy, as we demonstrate with lithium vapor and lithium atom beam experiments. 13. Case studies of industrial applications of high-power diode laser in Finland Science.gov (United States) Hovikorpi, Jari; Jansson, Anssi; Salminen, Antti 2003-06-01 The high power diode laser is a new industrial tool. It has several advantages and disadvantages compared to the conventional industrially used CO2 and Nd:YAG laser. The most promising areas of application of diode laser have been considered to be thin sheet welding and hardening. Quite a few feasibility studies of the use of diode laser have been carried out in Finland. So far there has been some application in which diode laser is the most suitable laser. Typically, the HPDL is integrated to an industrial robot. The welding of stainless steel housing, car door lock and catalytic converters are typical examples of applications in which diode laser has technological as well as economical advantages over the conventional laser and welding techniques. The welding of these products requires good control over the heat input, short through put time and low investment. The weld cross-section of a diode laser weld is, because of conduction limited welding process, more suitable for these applications than the keyhole welding. Hardening of a large gear wheel presents also a good example of an application in which the diode laser makes it possible to economically produce structures that have not earlier been possible. Hardening requires a special form of heat delivery in order to ensure evenly hardened zone and acceptable quality. The application was performed with two high power diode lasers. The case studies of these four applications are presented and discussed in details in this paper. 14. INFRARED DIODE LASER RETINAL TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC HEADACHE Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Subba Rao 2013-12-01 Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Nearly 60 to 70 crores of people all over the world are suffering from various types of chronic headache. This is one of the commonest medical problems. To get relief from headache various medical treatments are used with little success. The aim of our study is to give permanent treatment to chronic headache patients by using infrared diode laser selective retinal photocoagulati on. NIDEK infrared diode laser with NIDEK SL40 slit - lamp and NIDEK digital fundus camera for retinal evaluation, MAINSTER 135D lens for laser beam focusing and retinal examination and TOPCON non - contact tonometer for intra ocular pressure measurements are used. Diode laser is chosen because of its deep penetration into all the layers of retina and choroid. 500 cases of chronic headache were studied. Laser photocoagulation was given in selective areas of retina in 2 to 3 sessions with 15 days interval. 10 to 60 years age group were studied. 90% of patients who got laser treatment are relieved from their headache in severity and in frequency. 80% of patients needed 2 sittings and 20% of patients needed 3 sittings. 70% of patients got relief from headache by fi rst sitting itself. 50% of patients are not only relieved from their headaches but also noticed visual clarity improvement. Retinal ischaemia is one of the main cause for ocular pain and headache. Laser treatment will improve circulation by reducing ischae mia thereby relieves ocular pain and headache 15. Study on the Beam Quality of Uncoupled Laser Diode Arrays Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) GAO Chunqing; WEI Guanghui 2001-01-01 The beam quality of uncoupled laser diode array is studied theoretically and experimentally. By calculating the second order moments of the beam emitted from the laser diode array, the dependence of the M2-factor of the laser diode array on the M2-factor of the single emitter, the ratio of the emitting region to the non-emitting space, and the number of emitters, has been deduced. From the measurement of the beam propagation the M2-factor of a laser diode bar is experimentally determined. The measured M2-factor of the laser diode bar agrees with the theoretical prediction. 16. Dual-Wavelength Internal-Optically-Pumped Semiconductor Laser Diodes Science.gov (United States) Green, Benjamin Dual-wavelength laser sources have various existing and potential applications in wavelength division multiplexing, differential techniques in spectroscopy for chemical sensing, multiple-wavelength interferometry, terahertz-wave generation, microelectromechanical systems, and microfluidic lab-on-chip systems. In the drive for ever smaller and increasingly mobile electronic devices, dual-wavelength coherent light output from a single semiconductor laser diode would enable further advances and deployment of these technologies. The output of conventional laser diodes is however limited to a single wavelength band with a few subsequent lasing modes depending on the device design. This thesis investigates a novel semiconductor laser device design with a single cavity waveguide capable of dual-wavelength laser output with large spectral separation. The novel dual-wavelength semiconductor laser diode uses two shorter- and longer-wavelength active regions that have separate electron and hole quasi-Fermi energy levels and carrier distributions. The shorter-wavelength active region is based on electrical injection as in conventional laser diodes, and the longer-wavelength active region is then pumped optically by the internal optical field of the shorter-wavelength laser mode, resulting in stable dual-wavelength laser emission at two different wavelengths quite far apart. Different designs of the device are studied using a theoretical model developed in this work to describe the internal optical pumping scheme. The carrier transport and separation of the quasi-Fermi distributions are then modeled using a software package that solves Poisson's equation and the continuity equations to simulate semiconductor devices. Three different designs are grown using molecular beam epitaxy, and broad-area-contact laser diodes are processed using conventional methods. The modeling and experimental results of the first generation design indicate that the optical confinement factor of the 17. Topics in Laser Spectroscopy: A semiconductor diode laser spectrometer for laser spectrochemistry Science.gov (United States) Lawrenz, J.; Niemax, K. The construction and the use of a single mode semiconductor diode laser spectrometer which can be tuned electronically controlled by temperature as well as by current is presented. The spectroscopic properties of this spectrometer including commercial semiconductor diode lasers of the AlGaAs/GaAs type operating in the wavelength range 735-860 nm are discussed. Examples of the application of diode laser spectrometers in laser spectrochemistry are given. 18. Free-running emerald laser pumped by laser diode Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Zhenqiang Chen; Ge Zhang 2006-01-01 Free-running emerald laser pumped by 660-nm laser diode (LD) was reported. Free-running output powerof 24 mW has been obtained with overall efficiency of 1.4% and slope efficiency of 11.9% when the LD incident power was 2.56 W. The laser threshold value of emerald crystal was estimated to be 0.7 W. 19. Diode laser absorption sensors for combustion control Science.gov (United States) Xin, Zhou Combustion is the most widely used energy conversion technique in the world. Diode-laser absorption sensors offer significant opportunities and advantages for in situ measurements of multiple combustion parameters such as temperature and species concentration due to their high sensitivity, high spectral resolution, fast time response, robustness and non-intrusive character. The overall objective of this thesis is to design and develop time-resolved and real-time tunable diode laser sensors with the potential for combustion control. A crucial element in the design of a tunable-diode-laser optical-absorption-based sensor is the selection of optimum transitions. The strategy and spectroscopic criteria for selecting optimum wavelength regions and absorption line combinations are developed. The development of this design-rule approach establishes a new paradigm to optimize tunable diode laser sensors for target applications. The water vapor spectrum in the 1-2 mum near-infrared region is systematically analyzed to find the best absorption transition pairs for sensitive measurement of temperature in the target combustion environment using a single tunable diode laser. Two sensors are developed in this work. The first sensor is a 1.8 mum, single-laser temperature sensor based on direct absorption scans. Successful time-resolved measurements in a variety of laboratory and practical devices are presented and used to identify potential improvements, and design rules for a second-generation sensor are developed based on the lessons learned. The second generation sensor is a 1.4 mum, single-laser temperature sensor using water vapor absorption detected by wavelength-modulation spectroscopy (WMS), which facilitates rapid data analysis and a 2 kHz real-time data rate in the combustion experiments reported here. Demonstration experiments in a heated cell and a forced Hencken burner confirm the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensors. The first application of TDL thermometry to a 20. All Optical Flip-Flop Based on Coupled Laser Diodes OpenAIRE Hill, MT Martin 1999-01-01 An all optical set-reset flip flop is presented that is based on two coupled identical laser diodes. The lasers are coupled so that when one of the lasers lases it quenches lasing in the other laser. The state of the flip flop is determined by which laser is currently lasing. Rate equations are used to model the flip flop and obtain steady state characteristics. The flip flop is experimentally demonstrated by use of antireflection coated laser diodes and free space optics. 1. Microring Diode Laser for THz Generation DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Mariani, S.; Andronico, A.; Favero, I.; 2013-01-01 We report on the modeling and optical characterization of AlGaAs/InAs quantum-dot microring diode lasers designed for terahertz (THz) difference frequency generation (DFG) between two whispering gallery modes (WGMs) around 1.3$\\mum. In order to investigate the spectral features of this active d...... identical double-metal microcylinders. The good agreement that we demonstrate between experimental results and design parameters is crucial towards the achievement of active phase-matched THz emitters.... 2. Advancements in flowing diode pumped alkali lasers Science.gov (United States) Pitz, Greg A.; Stalnaker, Donald M.; Guild, Eric M.; Oliker, Benjamin Q.; Moran, Paul J.; Townsend, Steven W.; Hostutler, David A. 2016-03-01 Multiple variants of the Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) have recently been demonstrated at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Highlights of this ongoing research effort include: a) a 571W rubidium (Rb) based Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) with a gain (2α) of 0.48 cm-1, b) a rubidium-cesium (Cs) Multi-Alkali Multi-Line (MAML) laser that simultaneously lases at both 795 nm and 895 nm, and c) a 1.5 kW resonantly pumped potassium (K) DPAL with a slope efficiency of 50%. The common factor among these experiments is the use of a flowing alkali test bed. 3. Precision UV laser scribing for cleaving mirror facets of GaN-based laser diodes Science.gov (United States) Krüger, O.; Kang, J.-H.; Spevak, M.; Zeimer, U.; Einfeldt, S. 2016-04-01 Laser scribing with a nanosecond-pulsed UV laser operating at 355 nm was used to create precise perforation for die separation of GaN-based laser diodes. Machining depth of single- and multiple-pass scribing was investigated. For pulse energies between 1 and 45 µJ at a pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz and single scan at 100 mm/min, scribe depths from 15 to 180 µm were obtained. Processing parameters were adjusted to minimize the formation of microcracks due to laser-induced local heating. By using the laser skip-and-scribe technique, the propagation of the cleavage plane could be controlled, irregular breaking could be minimized, and die yield could be improved. Smooth mirror facets with low density of terraces were formed by cleaving. In the vicinity of the laser-treated zone, no detrimental effects on the crystal quality of the multi-quantum wells could be detected by cathodoluminescence. The electro-optical characteristics of broad-area laser diodes fabricated by the laser-assisted process were similar to the ones fabricated using the conventional diamond-tip edge-scribing technique that suffers from low die yield. Our results demonstrate that nanosecond-pulsed UV laser scribing followed by cleaving is a powerful technique for the formation of mirror facets of GaN-based laser diodes. 4. Laser welding of polymers using high-power diode lasers Science.gov (United States) Bachmann, Friedrich G.; Russek, Ulrich A. 2003-09-01 Laser welding of polymers using high power diode lasers offers specific process advantages over conventional technologies, such as short process times while providing optically and qualitatively valuable weld seams, contactless yielding of the joining energy, absence of process induced vibrations, imposing minimal thermal stress and avoiding particle generation. Furthermore this method exhibits high integration capabilities and automatization potential. Moreover, because of the current favorable cost development within the high power diode laser market laser welding of polymers has become more and more an industrially accepted joining method. This novel technology permits both, reliable high quality joining of mechanically and electronically highly sensitive micro components and hermetic sealing of macro components. There are different welding strategies available, which are adaptable to the current application. Within the frame of this discourse scientific and also application oriented results concerning laser transmission welding of polymers using preferably diode lasers are presented. Besides the used laser systems the fundamental process strategies as well as decisive process parameters are illustrated. The importance of optical, thermal and mechanical properties is discussed. Applications at real technical components will be presented, demonstrating the industrial implementation capability and the advantages of a novel technology. 5. A novel diode laser system for photodynamic therapy DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Samsøe, E.; Andersen, P. E.; Petersen, P.; 2001-01-01 In this paper a novel diode laser system for photodynamic therapy is demonstrated. The system is based on linear spatial filtering and optical phase conjugate feedback from a photorefractive BaTiO3 crystal. The spatial coherence properties of the diode laser are significantly improved. The system...... provides an almost diffraction limited output which is efficiently coupled into a 50 mum core diameter fiber. The optical power transmitted through the fiber is increased by a factor of six when the feedback is applied to the diode laser. 85 percent of the power from the freely running laser diode...... is extracted in a high-quality beam and 80 percent of the output power is extracted through the fiber. The power transmitted through tile fiber scales linearly with the power of the laser diode. which means that a laser diode emitting 1.7 W multi-mode radiation would provide 1 W of optical power through a 50... 6. Role of diode lasers in metrology Science.gov (United States) Muthukrishnan, Kris 1995-01-01 The field of noncontact metrology is maturing as the video camera based and the laser probe based measurements are finding wide acceptance in the fields of semiconductor, micro electronics, disk drive, biomedical, chemical and aerospace industries. Some manufactures of conventional touch-probe based CMMs (Coordinated Measuring Machines) have started integrating video cameras and laser probes to compliment the measurements made by the touch-probe. The delicate nature of the parts and the extremely small feature sizes have fuelled the growing need for the multisensor technology to be incorporated into a single coordinate measuring machine. The laser probes compliment the video based metrology systems in providing the dynamic Z-height capabilities due to their faster data rate and increased resolution and accuracy. This paper highlights the pros and cons of different diode laser based sensors, drawn from the experience of applying them for measurements in different fields. 7. Low-cost laser diode array Science.gov (United States) Freitas, B.L.; Skidmore, J.A. 1999-06-01 A substrate is used to fabricate a low-cost laser diode array. A substrate is machined from an electrically insulative material that is thermally conductive, or two substrates can be bonded together in which the top substrate is electrically as well as thermally conductive. The substrate thickness is slightly longer than the cavity length, and the width of the groove is wide enough to contain a bar and spring (which secures the laser bar firmly along one face of the groove). The spring also provides electrical continuity from the backside of the bar to the adjacent metalization layer on the laser bar substrate. Arrays containing one or more bars can be formed by creating many grooves at various spacings. Along the groove, many bars can be adjoined at the edges to provide parallel electrical conduction. This architecture allows precise and predictable registration of an array of laser bars to a self-aligned microlens array at low cost. 19 figs. 8. Thermal lens diagnostics and mitigation in diode end pumped lasers OpenAIRE Stučinskas, Darius 2010-01-01 In this thesis, analysis of thermal effects and various approaches for their mitigation in diode end pumped ultrafast lasers is presented. Experimental investigations were performed by employing Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor which was adapted for measurements of thermal lens in diode end pumped lasers. During research, operation of high average power, diode-pumped, Nd:YVO4 laser with aspheric aberration corrector was investigated. Actual thermal lens measurements were conducted in order to ... 9. Laboratory diode laser spectroscopy in molecular planetary astronomy Science.gov (United States) Jennings, D. E. 1988-01-01 Infrared spectroscopy of planetary atmospheres is performed at high spectral resolution comparable to that in the laboratory. This requires that laboratory spectroscopy use the highest resolution and the most accurate techniques. Tunable diode laser spectroscopy can supply many of the spectroscopic parameters needed by astronomers. In particular, line positions, line strengths, and collisional line widths are measured with diode lasers, and these are often among the best values available. Diode laser spectra are complimentary to lower resolution, broader-coverage Fourier transform spectra. Certain procedures must be adopted, however, when using diode lasers, for determining their output characteristics and for calibrating each spectrum against quality references. 10. High stable power control of a laser diode Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) YANG Jiu-ru; LI Cheng; YE Hong-an; L(U) Guo-hui; JIA Shi-lou 2006-01-01 In this paper,the low and the high frequency noises of a laser diode have been analyzed. Based on the analysis a novel scheme that adapts analog and digital hybrid techniques is proposed to stabilize the output power of a laser diode. With the hybrid controller,the low and the high frequency noises of a laser diode are conspicuously reduced.By accurate calculation,the short-term stability of the output power of laser diode reaches ±0.55‰, and the long-term stability is ±0.7‰. 11. Mechanically Q-switched co-doped Er-Yb glass laser under Ti:Sapphire and laser diode pumping OpenAIRE Tanguy, Eric; Pocholle, Jean-Paul; Feugnet, Gilles; Larat, Christian; Schwartz, M.; Brun, Alain; Georges, Patrick 1995-01-01 A simple Q-switched TEMoo Er3+. Yb3+ glass laser end-pumped by a Ti:Al203 laser or by a broad-area high-power laser diode is demonstrated. In both cases the FWHM pulse duration is about 50ns and the peak power is > lOOW 12. High-power green diode laser systems for biomedical applications DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Müller, André beam propagation parameters and therefore efficiently increases the brightness of compact and cost-effective diode laser systems. The condition of overlapping beams is an ideal scenario for subsequent frequency conversion. Based on sum-frequency generation of two beam combined diode lasers a 3.2 fold....... The underlying principle is spectral beam combining of multiple, comparable diode lasers with subsequent nonlinear frequency conversion. In the former approach multiple lasers are incoherently combined with an external optical component. With two 1062 nm tapered diode lasers and a reflecting volume...... Bragg grating more than 16 W of output power at combining efficiencies > 93% are obtained. Utilizing the wavelength tunability of diode lasers enables less critical optical alignment compared to lasers limited to specific atomic transitions. It is shown that spectral beam combining does not affect the... 13. Efficiency of Nd laser materials with laser diode pumping Science.gov (United States) Barnes, Norman P.; Cross, Patricia L.; Skolaut, Milton W., Jr.; Storm, Mark E. 1990-01-01 For pulsed laser-diode-pumped lasers, where efficiency is the most important issue, the choice of the Nd laser material makes a significant difference. The absorption efficiency, storage efficiency, and extraction efficiency for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Nd:GSGG, Nd:BEL, Nd:YVO4, and Nd:glass are calculated. The materials are then compared under the assumption of equal quantum efficiency and damage threshold. Nd:YLF is found to be the best candidate for the application discussed here. 14. Direct pumping of ultrashort Ti:sapphire lasers by a frequency doubled diode laser DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Müller, André; Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Unterhuber, Angelika; Le, Tuan; Stingl, Andreas; Hasler, Karl-Heinz; Sumpf, Bernd; Erbert, Goetz; Andersen, Peter E.; Petersen, Paul Michael 2011-01-01 A simple and robust diode laser system emitting 1.28 W of green light suitable for pumping an ultrafast Ti:sapphire laser is presented. To classify our results, the diode laser is compared to a standard, commercially available diode pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser system pumping the same oscillator....... When using our diode laser system, the optical conversion efficiencies from green to near-infrared light reduces to 75 % of the values achieved with the commercial pump laser. Despite this reduction the overall efficiency of the Ti: sapphire laser is still increased by a factor > 2 due to the superior...... electro-optical efficiency of the diode laser. Autocorrelation measurements show that pulse widths of less than 20 fs can be expected with an average power of 52 mW when using our laser. These results indicate the high potential of direct diode laser pumped Ti: sapphire lasers to be used in applications... 15. Diode laser based light sources for biomedical applications DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Müller, André; Marschall, Sebastian; Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; 2013-01-01 lasers simultaneously offer tunability, high-power emission and compact size at fairly low cost. Therefore, diode lasers are increasingly preferred in important applications, such as photocoagulation, optical coherence tomography, diffuse optical imaging, fluorescence lifetime imaging, and terahertz... 16. Underwater Chaotic Lidar using Blue Laser Diodes Science.gov (United States) Rumbaugh, Luke K. The thesis proposes and explores an underwater lidar system architecture based on chaotic modulation of recently introduced, commercially available, low cost blue laser diodes. This approach is experimentally shown to allow accurate underwater impulse response measurements while eliminating the need for several major components typically found in high-performance underwater lidar systems. The proposed approach is to: 1. Generate wideband, noise-like intensity modulation signals using optical chaotic modulation of blue-green laser diodes, and then 2. Use this signal source to develop an underwater chaotic lidar system that uses no electrical signal generator, no electro-optic modulator, no optical frequency doubler, and no large-aperture photodetector. The outcome of this thesis is the demonstration of a new underwater lidar system architecture that could allow high resolution ranging, imaging, and water profiling measurements in turbid water, at a reduced size, weight, power and cost relative to state-of-the-art high-performance underwater lidar sensors. This work also makes contributions to the state of the art in optics, nonlinear dynamics, and underwater sensing by demonstrating for the first time: 1. Wideband noise-like intensity modulation of a blue laser diode using no electrical signal generator or electro-optic modulator. Optical chaotic modulation of a 462 nm blue InGaN laser diode by self-feedback is explored for the first time. The usefulness of the signal to chaotic lidar is evaluated in terms of bandwidth, modulation depth, and autocorrelation peak-to-sidelobe-ratio (PSLR) using both computer and laboratory experiments. In laboratory experiments, the optical feedback technique is shown to be effective in generating wideband, noise-like chaotic signals with strong modulation depth when the diode is operated in an external-cavity dominated state. The modulation signal strength is shown to be limited by the onset of lasing within the diode's internal 17. Qualification of Laser Diode Arrays for Mercury Laser Altimeter Mission Science.gov (United States) Stephen, Mark; Vasilyev, Aleksey; Schafer, John; Allan, Graham R. 2004-01-01 NASA's requirements for high reliability, high performance satellite laser instruments have driven the investigation of many critical components; specifically, 808 nm laser diode array (LDA) pump devices. The MESSENGER mission is flying the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) which is a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser instrument designed to map the topography of Mercury. The environment imposed on the instrument by the orbital dynamics places special requirements on the laser diode arrays. In order to limit the radiative heating of the satellite from the surface of Mercury, the satellite is designed to have a highly elliptical orbit. The satellite will heat near perigee and cool near apogee. The laser power is cycled during these orbits so that the laser is on for only 30 minutes (perigee) in a 12 hour orbit. The laser heats 10 C while powered up and cools while powered down. In order to simulate these operational conditions, we designed a test to measure the LDA performance while being temperature and power cycled. Though the mission requirements are specific to NASA and performance requirements are derived from unique operating conditions, the results are general and widely applicable. We present results on the performance of twelve LDAs operating for several hundred million pulses. The arrays are 100 watt, quasi-CW, conductively-cooled, 808 nm devices. Prior to testing, we fully characterize each device to establish a baseline for individual array performance and status. Details of this characterization can be found in reference. Arrays are divided into four groups and subjected to the temperature and power cycling matrix are shown. 18. Evaluation of automatic densitometer with laser diode International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The evaluation of a prototype of an automatic transmission scanning densitometer is presented. It contains a semiconductor diode laser as a light source, and is mainly oriented to the analysis of protein electrophoresis. It was developed on the Center for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN). Its technical specifications were established and certified by the National Institute of Researches on Metrology (INIMET), and also the equipment was submitted for assays to the Process Control Laboratory, that belongs to the 'Adalberto Pesant' Enterprise for Sera and Hemo derivatives Products, in Havana city, where it was employed to the partial quality control of products that are made there, achieving satisfactory results. (Author) 19. Wave guide optimization for homoepitaxial laser diodes Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Figge, S.; Dennemarck, J.; Aschenbrenner, T.; Zargham, A.; Hommel, D. [Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen (Germany) 2007-06-15 GaN-based high power laser diodes in the violet spectral range are demanding for conductive substrates with a lower thermal resistance than the commonly used sapphire. The only feasible approach to this goal is homoepitaxy on GaN wafers produced from thick GaN layers grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy. One drawback of GaN substrates is the high refractive index and therefore it acts as an parasitic wave guide. In this paper we discuss the optimization of the wave guide and the n-side cladding layer. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.) 20. Powerful highly stable laser diodes for pumping of solid-state lasers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Powerful laser diodes, representing partly phase-locked laser arrays based on quantum-well heterostructures, were developed. The high temporal and spatial stability, and the long service life of such laser diodes make them suitable for optical pumping of solid-state lasers. (lasers, active media) 1. Large area electron beam diode development International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A large area annular electron beam diode has been tested at Physics International Co. on the multi-terawatt PITHON generator. A twelve element post hole convolute converted the coaxial MITL into a triaxial arrangement of anode current return structures both inside and outside the cathode structure. The presence of both inner and outer current return paths provide magnetic pressure balance for the beam, as determined by diode current measurements. X-ray pinhole photographs indicated uniform emission with intensity maxima between the post positions. Current losses in the post hole region were negligible, as evidenced by the absence of damage to the aluminum hardware. Radial electron flow near the cathode ring however did damage the inner anode cylinder between the post positions. Cutting away these regions prevented further damage of the transmission lines 2. Diode laser for abdominal tissue cauterization Science.gov (United States) Durville, Frederic M.; Rediker, Robert H.; Connolly, Raymond J.; Schwaitzberg, Steven D.; Lantis, John 1999-06-01 We have developed a new device to effectively and quickly stop bleeding. The new device uses a small, 5 W diode laser to heat-up the tip of a modified medical forceps. The laser beam is totally contained within a protective enclosure, satisfying the requirements for a Class I laser system, which eliminates the need to protective eyewear. The new device is used in a manner similar to that of a bipolar electrocautery device. After visual location, the bleeding site or local vessel(s) is grabbed and clamped with the tips of the forceps-like instrument. The laser is then activated for a duration of typically 5 sec or until traditional visual or auditory clues such as local blubbling and popping indicate that the targeted site is effectively cauterized. When the laser is activated, the tip of the instrument, thus providing hemostasis. The new device was evaluated in animal models and compared with the monopolar and bipolar electrocautery, and also with the recently developed ultrasound technology. It has new been in clinical trials for abdominal surgery since September 1997. 3. Fiber Optic Coupling of CW Linear Laser Diode Array Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WANG Xiaowei; XIAO Jianwei; MA Xiaoyu; WANG Zhongming; FANG Gaozhan 2002-01-01 Based on a set of microoptics the output radiation from a continuous wave (CW) linear laser diode array is coupled into a multi-mode optical fiber of 400 μm diameter.The CW linear laser diode array is a 1 cm laser diode bar with 19 stripes with 100 μm aperture spaced on 500 μm centers.The coupling system contains packaged laser diode bar,fast axis collimator,slow axis collimation array,beam transformation system and focusing system.The high brightness,high power density and single fiber output of a laser diode bar is achieved.The coupling efficiency is 65% and the power density is up to 1.03×104 W/cm2. 4. Position and mode dependent coupling of terahertz quantum cascade laser fields to an integrated diode CERN Document Server Dyer, Gregory C; Cich, Michael J; Ribaudo, Troy; Grine, Albert D; Fuller, Charles T; Reno, John L; Wanke, Michael C 2016-01-01 A Schottky diode integrated into a terahertz quantum cascade laser waveguide couples directly to the internal laser fields. In a multimode laser, the diode response is correlated with both the instantaneous power and the coupling strength to the diode of each lasing mode. Measurements of the rectified response of diodes integrated in two quantum cascade laser cavities at different locations indicate that the relative diode position strongly influences the laser-diode coupling. 5. A practical guide to handling laser diode beams CERN Document Server Sun, Haiyin 2015-01-01 This book offers the reader a practical guide to the control and characterization of laser diode beams. Laser diodes are the most widely used lasers, accounting for 50% of the global laser market. Correct handling of laser diode beams is the key to the successful use of laser diodes, and this requires an in-depth understanding of their unique properties. Following a short introduction to the working principles of laser diodes, the book describes the basics of laser diode beams and beam propagation, including Zemax modeling of a Gaussian beam propagating through a lens. The core of the book is concerned with laser diode beam manipulations: collimating and focusing, circularization and astigmatism correction, coupling into a single mode optical fiber, diffractive optics and beam shaping, and manipulation of multi transverse mode beams. The final chapter of the book covers beam characterization methods, describing the measurement of spatial and spectral properties, including wavelength and linewidth meas... 6. Unveiling laser diode “fossil” and the dynamic analysis for heliotropic growth of catastrophic optical damage in high power laser diodes OpenAIRE Qiang Zhang; Yihan Xiong; Haiyan An; Konstantin Boucke; Georg Treusch 2016-01-01 Taking advantage of robust facet passivation, we unveil a laser “fossil” buried within a broad area laser diode (LD) cavity when the LD was damaged by applying a high current. For the first time, novel physical phenomena have been observed at these dramatically elevated energy densities within the nanoscale LD waveguide. The observation of the laser “fossil” is interpreted with different mechanisms, including: the origination of bulk catastrophic optical damage (COD) due to locally high energ... 7. Computer-Assisted Experiments with a Laser Diode Science.gov (United States) Kraftmakher, Yaakov 2011-01-01 A laser diode from an inexpensive laser pen (laser pointer) is used in simple experiments. The radiant output power and efficiency of the laser are measured, and polarization of the light beam is shown. The "h/e" ratio is available from the threshold of spontaneous emission. The lasing threshold is found using several methods. With a… 8. Diode-pumped continuous-wave Nd:glass laser Science.gov (United States) Kozlovsky, W. J.; Fan, T. Y.; Byer, R. L. 1986-01-01 The paper reports on diode-laser pumping of monolithic Nd:glass laser oscillators. End pumping with a single-stripe diode laser, a threshold of 2.2 mW, and a slope efficiency of 42 percent were observed on a 2-mm-long oscillator with a mode radius of 35 microns. The oscillator generated 2.5 mW of single-ended output power in many axial modes. 9. High-brightness diode-pumped waveguide lasers OpenAIRE Mackenzie, J.I. 2003-01-01 Reported in this thesis are advances toward high-brightness diode-pumped planar waveguide (PW) lasers. Efficient and compact planar waveguide lasers are made possible by their geometry, which is compatible with that of high-power diode lasers, has very good thermal management characteristics, and delivers high optical gains per unit pump power. Thus using the waveguide structure in conjunction with trivalent rare-earth ions, multi-Watt diffraction-limited operation of weak and quasi-three-lev... 10. Highly astigmatic, laser-diode end-pumped lasers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) High power lasers find extensive use in Industry for precision micro machining and cutting, in medical diagnostics for fluorescence detection of dye labelled cells, in medical treatment as laser scalpels and countless research applications. Until recently, if a high power laser was required, several sacrifices had to be made. High power devices are typically large, complicated and expensive to run due to their high power consumption and maintenance requirements. Such devices do not meet the requirements of the end users found in industry, medicine and research. Modern laser-based systems have several requirements which include: low maintenance, stable output, robust, compact, efficient electrical-to-optical efficiency, high beam quality output, and increasingly, high power. The challenge in laser physics today is to produce a high output power device without compromising the other requirements, particularly high beam quality. High quality beams diverge more slowly and can be focussed more tightly than poor quality ones. The only types of lasers that come close to meeting all of these requirements today are laser-diode pumped solid-state lasers. The stability conditions have been determined for the end cylindrical mirror cavity resonator and a new analytic model describing the mode structure in misaligned cavities have been developed. It was demonstrated that the cavities are insensitive to small rotational misalignments. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that the pump-beam cavity mode overlap is substantially improved in this cavity 11. Blue laser diode (LD) and light emitting diode (LED) applications Science.gov (United States) Bergh, Arpad A. 2004-09-01 The family of blue LEDs, edge emitting and surface emitting lasers, enable a number of applications. Blue lasers are used in digital applications such as optical storage in high density DVDs. The resolution of the spot size and hence the storage density is diffraction limited and is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength of the laser. Other applications include printing, optical scanners, and high-resolution photo-lithography.As light emitters, blue LEDs are used for signaling and in direct view large area emissive displays. They are also making inroads into signage and LCD back-lighting, mobile platforms, and decorative accent lighting in curtains, furniture, etc.Blue LEDs produce white light either with phosphor wavelength converters or in combination with red and green LEDs. The full potential of LED light sources will require three devices to enable complete control over color and intensity.Sensing and medical/bio applications have a major impact on home security, on monitoring the environment, and on health care. New emerging diagnostic and therapeutic applications will improve the quality and reduce the cost of health care. 12. Blue laser diode (LD) and light emitting diode (LED) applications International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The family of blue LEDs, edge emitting and surface emitting lasers, enable a number of applications. Blue lasers are used in digital applications such as optical storage in high density DVDs. The resolution of the spot size and hence the storage density is diffraction limited and is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength of the laser. Other applications include printing, optical scanners, and high-resolution photo-lithography. As light emitters, blue LEDs are used for signaling and in direct view large area emissive displays. They are also making inroads into signage and LCD back-lighting, mobile platforms, and decorative accent lighting in curtains, furniture, etc. Blue LEDs produce white light either with phosphor wavelength converters or in combination with red and green LEDs. The full potential of LED light sources will require three devices to enable complete control over color and intensity. Sensing and medical/bio applications have a major impact on home security, on monitoring the environment, and on health care. New emerging diagnostic and therapeutic applications will improve the quality and reduce the cost of health care. (copyright 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.) 13. Active Stabilization of a Diode Laser Injection Lock CERN Document Server Saxberg, Brendan; Gupta, Subhadeep 2016-01-01 We report on a device to electronically stabilize the optical injection lock of a semiconductor diode laser. Our technique uses as discriminator the peak height of the laser's transmission signal on a scanning Fabry-Perot cavity and feeds back to the diode current, thereby maintaining maximum optical power in the injected mode. A two-component feedback algorithm provides constant optimization of the injection lock, keeping it robust to slow thermal drifts and allowing fast recovery from sudden failures such as temporary occlusion of the injection beam. We demonstrate the successful performance of our stabilization method in a diode laser setup at 399 nm used for laser cooling of Yb atoms. The device eases the requirements on passive stabilization and can benefit any diode laser injection lock application, particularly those where several such locks are employed. 14. Active stabilization of a diode laser injection lock Science.gov (United States) Saxberg, Brendan; Plotkin-Swing, Benjamin; Gupta, Subhadeep 2016-06-01 We report on a device to electronically stabilize the optical injection lock of a semiconductor diode laser. Our technique uses as discriminator the peak height of the laser's transmission signal on a scanning Fabry-Perot cavity and feeds back to the diode current, thereby maintaining maximum optical power in the injected mode. A two-component feedback algorithm provides constant optimization of the injection lock, keeping it robust to slow thermal drifts and allowing fast recovery from sudden failures such as temporary occlusion of the injection beam. We demonstrate the successful performance of our stabilization method in a diode laser setup at 399 nm used for laser cooling of Yb atoms. The device eases the requirements on passive stabilization and can benefit any diode laser injection lock application, particularly those where several such locks are employed. 15. Frequency Comb Assisted Broadband Precision Spectroscopy with Cascaded Diode Lasers CERN Document Server Liu, Junqiu; Pfeiffer, Martin H P; Kordts, Arne; Kamel, Ayman N; Guo, Hairun; Geiselmann, Michael; Kippenberg, Tobias J 2016-01-01 Frequency comb assisted diode laser spectroscopy, employing both the accuracy of an optical frequency comb and the broad wavelength tuning range of a tunable diode laser, has been widely used in many applications. In this letter we present a novel method using cascaded frequency agile diode lasers, which allows extending the measurement bandwidth to 37.4 THz (1355 to 1630 nm) at MHz resolution with scanning speeds above 1 THz/s. It is demonstrated as a useful tool to characterize a broadband spectrum for molecular spectroscopy and in particular it enables to characterize the dispersion of integrated microresonators up to the fourth order. 16. Diode laser sensor for process control and environmental monitoring Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Zaatar, Y.; Bechara, J.; Khoury, A.; Zaouk, D. [Lebanese Univ., Physics Dept., Fanar (Lebanon); Charles, J.-P. [Metz Univ., L.I.C.M., Metz, 57 (France) 2000-04-01 Absorption spectroscopy with tunable diode lasers (TDLAS) in the infrared region is a well-known technique for the chemical analysis of gas mixtures. The laser provides a high selectivity, which is important in industrial environments such as in-line stack monitoring, where complex gas mixtures are present. A wavelength tunable diode laser in the near infrared region has been utilised as a light source in absorption measurements of air pollution resulting from energy usage for industry. The emission frequency can be varied over a relatively wide spectral range by changing the current and temperature of the diode. (Author) 17. Promoting Robust Design of Diode Lasers for Space: A National Initiative Science.gov (United States) Tratt, David M.; Amzajerdian, Farzin; Kashem, Nasir B.; Shapiro, Andrew A.; Mense, Allan T. 2007-01-01 The Diode-laser Array Working Group (DAWG) is a national-level consumer/provider forum for discussion of engineering and manufacturing issues which influence the reliability and survivability of high-power broad-area laser diode devices in space, with an emphasis on laser diode arrays (LDAs) for optical pumping of solid-state laser media. The goals of the group are to formulate and validate standardized test and qualification protocols, operational control recommendations, and consensus manufacturing and certification standards. The group is using reliability and lifetime data collected by laser diode manufacturers and the user community to develop a set of standardized guidelines for specifying and qualifying laser diodes for long-duration operation in space, the ultimate goal being to promote an informed U.S. Government investment and procurement strategy for assuring the availability and durability of space-qualified LDAs. The group is also working to establish effective implementation of statistical design techniques at the supplier design, development, and manufacturing levels to help reduce product performance variability and improve product reliability for diodes employed in space applications 18. Laser diagnostics on magnetically insulated flashover pulsed ion diodes International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Our recent experimental results on the characteristics of a flashover-type applied-B magnetically insulated pulsed ion diode are described. The main issues are to investigate the cause of impurity of the extracted beam and to examine the effect of neutral particles on the diode characteristics. In the experiment, our main efforts were placed on laser diagnostics of the diode gap behavior. (author) 19. Temperature control during diode laser welding in a human cornea Science.gov (United States) Rossi, Francesca; Matteini, Paolo; Pini, Roberto; Menabuoni, Luca 2007-07-01 Diode laser welding is a technique proposed in ophthalmic surgery to induce immediate sealing of clear corneal wounds. The welding effect is achieved irradiating the area, previously treated with a chromophore, by the use of a low power diode laser: the resulting thermal effect induces structural modifications in the stromal collagen, that welds upon cooling. We present a study on the temperature dynamics developing during welding in a human eye. An infrared thermocamera was used to measure the temperature variations on the surface of the cornea during clinical penetrating keratoplasty (corneal transplant). The experimental data were used as a starting point for a theoretical investigation of the temperature rising inside the ocular structures: we developed a mathematical model based on the bio-heat equation and solved by the use of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The predictive accuracy was verified by comparing the temperature post-processing description with the results obtained from the thermographic data. The model was then used to study the temperature rise and heat propagation inside the eye. Experimental results and model analysis indicated the occurrence of heat confinement during the treatment procedure and a modest enhancement of the temperature (reaching about 55°C inside the laser treated wound), thus evidencing the safety of the procedure in clinical applications. 20. Computer-assisted experiments with a laser diode International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A laser diode from an inexpensive laser pen (laser pointer) is used in simple experiments. The radiant output power and efficiency of the laser are measured, and polarization of the light beam is shown. The h/e ratio is available from the threshold of spontaneous emission. The lasing threshold is found using several methods. With a data-acquisition system, the measurements are possible in a short time. The frequency response of the laser diode is determined in the range 10-107 Hz. The experiments are suitable for undergraduate laboratories and for classroom demonstrations on semiconductors. 1. Computer-assisted experiments with a laser diode Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kraftmakher, Yaakov, E-mail: krafty@mail.biu.ac.il [Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900 (Israel) 2011-05-15 A laser diode from an inexpensive laser pen (laser pointer) is used in simple experiments. The radiant output power and efficiency of the laser are measured, and polarization of the light beam is shown. The h/e ratio is available from the threshold of spontaneous emission. The lasing threshold is found using several methods. With a data-acquisition system, the measurements are possible in a short time. The frequency response of the laser diode is determined in the range 10-10{sup 7} Hz. The experiments are suitable for undergraduate laboratories and for classroom demonstrations on semiconductors. 2. Investigation of temperature feedback signal parameters during neoplasms treatment by diode laser radiation Science.gov (United States) Belikov, Andrey V.; Gelfond, Mark L.; Shatilova, Ksenia V.; Semyashkina, Yulia V. 2016-04-01 Dynamics of temperature signal in operation area and laser power at nevus, papilloma, and keratoma in vivo removal by a 980+/-10 nm diode laser with "blackened" tip operating in continuous (CW) mode and with temperature feedback (APC) mode are presented. Feedback allows maintaining temperature in the area of laser treatment at a preset level by regulating power of diode laser radiation (automatic power control). Temperature in the area of laser treatment was controlled by measuring the amplitude of thermal radiation, which occurs when tissue is heated by laser radiation. Removal of neoplasm was carried out in CW mode with laser radiation average power of 12.5+/-0.5 W; mean temperature in the area of laser treatment was 900+/-10°C for nevus, 800+/-15°C for papilloma, and 850+/-20°C for keratoma. The same laser radiation maximal power (12.5 W) and targeted temperature (900°C) were set for nevus removal in APC mode. The results of investigation are real time oscillograms of the laser power and temperature in the area of laser treatment at neoplasms removal in two described above modes. Simultaneously with the measurement of laser power and the temperature in the area of laser treatment video recording of surgeon manipulations was carried out. We discuss the correlation between the power of the laser radiation, the temperature in the area of laser treatment and consistency of surgeon manipulation. It is shown that the method of removal (excision with or without traction, scanning) influences the temperature in the area of laser treatment. It was found, that at removal of nevus with temperature feedback (APC) mode to achieve comparable with CW mode temperature in the area of laser treatment (900+/-10°C) 20-50% less laser power is required. Consequently, removing these neoplasms in temperature feedback mode can be less traumatic than the removal in CW mode. 3. Development and optimization of a diode laser for photodynamic therapy OpenAIRE Lim, Hyun Soo 2011-01-01 Background and Aims: This study demonstrated the development of a laser system for cancer treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on a 635 nm laser diode. In order to optimize efficacy in PDT, the ideal laser system should deliver a homogeneous nondivergent light energy with a variable spot size and specific wavelength at a stable output power. 4. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Diode Laser Sensor for Methane Project Data.gov (United States) National Aeronautics and Space Administration — A compact, lightweight, and low power diode laser sensor will be developed for atmospheric methane detection on small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The physical... 5. Future Solid State Lighting using LEDs and Diode Lasers DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Petersen, Paul Michael 2014-01-01 significant savings. Solid state lighting (SSL) based on LEDs is today the most efficient light source for generation of high quality white light. Diode lasers, however, have the potential of being more efficient than LEDs for the generation of white light. A major advantage using diode lasers for solid state...... of diode laser based lighting, high luminous flux levels and high efficiency can be available at the same time. Laser diodes operate in a fundamentally different regime using stimulated emission for light generation as opposed to spontaneous emission in LEDs The recent progress in solid state......Lighting accounts for 20% of all electrical energy usage. Household lighting and commercial lighting such as public and street lighting are responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, currently many research initiatives focus on the development of new light sources which shows... 6. Pulse-Width Jitter Measurement for Laser Diode Pulses Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) TANG Jun-Hua; WANG Yun-Cai 2006-01-01 @@ Theoretical analysis and experimental measurement of pulse-width jitter of diode laser pulses are presented. The expression of pulse power spectra with all amplitude jitter, timing jitter and pulse-width jitter is deduced. 7. High Power 940 nm Al-free Active Region Laser Diodes and Bars with a Broad Waveguide Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) FANG Gaozhan; XIAO Jianwei; MA Xiaoyu; XU Zuntu; ZHANG Jinming; TAN Manqing; LIU Zongshun; LIU Suping; FENG Xiaoming 2002-01-01 The 940 nm Al-free active region laser diodes and bars with a broad waveguide were designed and fabricated. The stuctures were grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The devices show excellent performances. The maximum output power of 6.7 W in the 100 μm broad-area laser diodes has been measured, and is 2.5 times higher than that in the Al-containing active region laser diodes with a narrow waveguide and 1.7 times higher than that in Al-free active region laser diodes with a narrow waveguide. The 19% fill-factor laser diode bars emit 33 W, and they can operate at 15W with low degradation rates. 8. Fiber-distributed multi-channel open-path H2S sensor based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Dong Chen; Wenqing Liu; Yujun Zhang; Jianguo Liu; Ruifeng Kan; Min Wang; Xi Fang; Yiben Cui 2007-01-01 Tunable diode laser based gas detectors are now being used in a wide variety of applications for safety and environmental interest. A fiber-distributed multi-channel open-path H2S sensor based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is developed, the laser used is a telecommunication near infrared distributed feed-back (DFB) tunable diode laser, combining with wavelength modulation specby combining optical fiber technique. An on-board reference cell provides on-line sensor calibration and almost maintenance-free operation. The sensor is suitable for large area field H2S monitoring application. 9. Active Stabilization of a Diode Laser Injection Lock OpenAIRE Saxberg, Brendan; Plotkin-Swing, Benjamin; Gupta, Subhadeep 2016-01-01 We report on a device to electronically stabilize the optical injection lock of a semiconductor diode laser. Our technique uses as discriminator the peak height of the laser's transmission signal on a scanning Fabry-Perot cavity and feeds back to the diode current, thereby maintaining maximum optical power in the injected mode. A two-component feedback algorithm provides constant optimization of the injection lock, keeping it robust to slow thermal drifts and allowing fast recovery from sudde... 10. A novel diode laser system for photodynamic therapy OpenAIRE Samsöe Andersen, Eva; Petersen, PM; Andersen, PE; Andersson-Engels, Stefan; Svanberg, Katarina 2001-01-01 In this paper a novel diode laser system for photodynamic therapy is demonstrated. The system is based on linear spatial filtering and optical phase conjugate feedback from a photorefractive BaTiO3 crystal. The spatial coherence properties of the diode laser are significantly improved. The system provides an almost diffraction limited output which is efficiently coupled into a 50 mum core diameter fiber. The optical power transmitted through the fiber is increased by a factor of six when the ... 11. Wavelength stabilized multi-kW diode laser systems Science.gov (United States) Köhler, Bernd; Unger, Andreas; Kindervater, Tobias; Drovs, Simon; Wolf, Paul; Hubrich, Ralf; Beczkowiak, Anna; Auch, Stefan; Müntz, Holger; Biesenbach, Jens 2015-03-01 We report on wavelength stabilized high-power diode laser systems with enhanced spectral brightness by means of Volume Holographic Gratings. High-power diode laser modules typically have a relatively broad spectral width of about 3 to 6 nm. In addition the center wavelength shifts by changing the temperature and the driving current, which is obstructive for pumping applications with small absorption bandwidths. Wavelength stabilization of high-power diode laser systems is an important method to increase the efficiency of diode pumped solid-state lasers. It also enables power scaling by dense wavelength multiplexing. To ensure a wide locking range and efficient wavelength stabilization the parameters of the Volume Holographic Grating and the parameters of the diode laser bar have to be adapted carefully. Important parameters are the reflectivity of the Volume Holographic Grating, the reflectivity of the diode laser bar as well as its angular and spectral emission characteristics. In this paper we present detailed data on wavelength stabilized diode laser systems with and without fiber coupling in the spectral range from 634 nm up to 1533 nm. The maximum output power of 2.7 kW was measured for a fiber coupled system (1000 μm, NA 0.22), which was stabilized at a wavelength of 969 nm with a spectral width of only 0.6 nm (90% value). Another example is a narrow line-width diode laser stack, which was stabilized at a wavelength of 1533 nm with a spectral bandwidth below 1 nm and an output power of 835 W. 12. Boolean logic device done with DFB laser diode OpenAIRE Hurtado Villavieja, Antonio; González Marcos, Ana; Martín Pereda, José Antonio 2004-01-01 We present simulation results on how power output-input characteristic Instability in Distributed FeedBack -DFB semiconductor laser diode SLA can be employed to implemented Boolean logic device. Two configurations of DFB Laser diode under external optical injection, either in the transmission or in the reflective mode of operation, is used to implement different Optical Logic Cells (OLCs), called the Q- and the P-Device OLCs. The external optical injection correspond to two inputs data plus a... 13. Multi-Watt, diode-pumped planar waveguide lasers OpenAIRE Bonner, C.L. 2000-01-01 This thesis reports on progress towards diode-bar pumped crystal waveguide lasers with a high-power, high-quality output. It is shown that in order to accommodate the highly divergent, non-diffraction limited output from a diode-bar pump source, a waveguide with a relatively large numerical aperture (NA) is required. A selection of suitable waveguide fabrication techniques, including liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and direct bonding, were investigated. A Nd:GGG... 14. Finite Element Analysis Of Thermal Transients In Multi-Stripe Laser Diode Arrays Science.gov (United States) Lippincott, Wendy L.; Clement, Anne E. 1989-05-01 The NASTRAN finite element code was used to simulate the temperature transients in the active area of laser diode arrays caused by driving the array with a pulsed waveform. A ten-stripe multi-quantum-well (MQW) structure was used. The thermal impedance of the array was also determined and compared to experimental values obtained by monitoring the threshold dependance of the device during pulsed and cw operation. The single-stripe diode was also modeled for comparison purposes. 15. Laser organique solide pompé par diode OpenAIRE Zhao, Zhuang; Mhibik, Oussama; Nafa, Malik; Chénais, Sébastien; Forget, Sébastien 2015-01-01 High-power, diffraction-limited organic solid-state laser operation has been achieved in a vertical external cavity surface-emitting organic laser (VECSOL), pumped by a low-cost compact blue laser diode. The diode-pumped VECSOLs were demonstrated with various dyes in a polymer matrix, leading to laser emissions from 540 nm to 660 nm. Optimization of both the pump pulse duration and output coupling leads to a pump slope efficiency of 11% for a DCM based VECSOLs. We report output pulse energy u... 16. Efficient quasi-three-level Nd:YAG laser at 946 nm pumped by a tunable external cavity tapered diode laser DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Cheng, Haynes Pak Hay; Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Tidemand-Lichtenberg, Peter; 2010-01-01 Using a tunable external cavity tapered diode laser (ECDL) pumped quasi-three-level Nd:YAG laser, a fivefold reduction in threshold and twofold increase in slope efficiency is demonstrated when compared to a traditional broad area diode laser pump source. A TEM00 power of 800 mW with 65% slope...... efficiency is obtained, the highest reported TEM00 power from any 946 nm Nd:YAG laser pumped by a single emitter diode laser pump source. A quantum efficiency of 0.85 has been estimated from experimental data using a simple quasi-three-level model. The reported value is in good agreement with published...... values, suggesting that the model is adequate. Improvement of the 946 nm laser due to the ECDL's narrow spectrum proves to be less significant when compared to its spatial quality, inferring a broad spectrum tapered diode laser pump source may be most practical. Experimental confirmation of such setup is... 17. Spectral narrowing of a 980 nm tapered diode laser bar DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Vijayakumar, Deepak; Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Lucas Leclin, Gaëlle; 2011-01-01 in wavelength specific applications and hence, it is vital to stabilize the emission spectrum of these devices. In our experiment, we describe the wavelength narrowing of a 12 element 980 nm tapered diode laser bar using a simple Littman configuration. The tapered laser bar which suffered from a big......High power diode laser bars are interesting in many applications such as solid state laser pumping, material processing, laser trapping, laser cooling and second harmonic generation. Often, the free running laser bars emit a broad spectrum of the order of several nanometres which limit their scope...... smile has been "smile corrected" using individual phase masks for each emitter. The external cavity consists of the laser bar, both fast and slow axis micro collimators, smile correcting phase mask, 6.5x beam expanding lens combination, a 1200 lines/mm reflecting grating with 85% efficiency in the first... 18. Reliability of high power laser diodes with external optical feedback Science.gov (United States) Bonsendorf, Dennis; Schneider, Stephan; Meinschien, Jens; Tomm, Jens W. 2016-03-01 Direct diode laser systems gain importance in the fields of material processing and solid-state laser pumping. With increased output power, also the influence of strong optical feedback has to be considered. Uncontrolled optical feedback is known for its spectral and power fluctuation effects, as well as potential emitter damage. We found that even intended feedback by use of volume Bragg gratings (VBG) for spectral stabilization may result in emitter lifetime reduction. To provide stable and reliable laser systems design, guidelines and maximum feedback ratings have to be found. We present a model to estimate the optical feedback power coupled back into the laser diode waveguide. It includes several origins of optical feedback and wide range of optical elements. The failure thresholds of InGaAs and AlGaAs bars have been determined not only at standard operation mode but at various working points. The influence of several feedback levels to laser diode lifetime is investigated up to 4000h. The analysis of the semiconductor itself leads to a better understanding of the degradation process by defect spread. Facet microscopy, LBIC- and electroluminescence measurements deliver detailed information about semiconductor defects before and after aging tests. Laser diode protection systems can monitor optical feedback. With this improved understanding, the emergency shutdown threshold can be set low enough to ensure laser diode reliability but also high enough to provide better machine usability avoiding false alarms. 19. High Power Laser Diode Arrays for 2-Micron Solid State Coherent Lidars Applications Science.gov (United States) Amzajerdian, Farzin; Meadows, Byron; Kavaya, Michael J.; Singh, Upendra; Sudesh, Vikas; Baker, Nathaniel 2003-01-01 Laser diode arrays are critical components of any diode-pumped solid state laser systems, constraining their performance and reliability. Laser diode arrays (LDAs) are used as the pump source for energizing the solid state lasing media to generate an intense coherent laser beam with a high spatial and spectral quality. The solid state laser design and the characteristics of its lasing materials define the operating wavelength, pulse duration, and power of the laser diodes. The pump requirements for high pulse energy 2-micron solid state lasers are substantially different from those of more widely used 1-micron lasers and in many aspects more challenging [1]. Furthermore, the reliability and lifetime demanded by many coherent lidar applications, such as global wind profiling from space and long-range clear air turbulence detection from aircraft, are beyond the capability of currently available LDAs. In addition to the need for more reliable LDAs with longer lifetime, further improvement in the operational parameters of high power quasi-cw LDAs, such as electrical efficiency, brightness, and duty cycle, are also necessary for developing cost-effective 2-micron coherent lidar systems for applications that impose stringent size, heat dissipation, and power constraints. Global wind sounding from space is one of such applications, which is the main driver for this work as part of NASA s Laser Risk Reduction Program. This paper discusses the current state of the 792 nm LDA technology and the technology areas being pursued toward improving their performance. The design and development of a unique characterization facility for addressing the specific issues associated with the LDAs for pumping 2-micron coherent lidar transmitters and identifying areas of technological improvement will be described. Finally, the results of measurements to date on various standard laser diode packages, as well as custom-designed packages with potentially longer lifetime, will be reported. 20. High performance 1689-nm quantum well diode lasers Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Yupeng Duan; Tao Lin; Cuiluan Wang; Feng Chong; Xiaoyu Ma 2007-01-01 @@ 1689-nm diode lasers used in medical apparatus have been fabricated and characterized. The lasers had pnpn InP current confinement structure, and the active region consisted of 5 pairs of InGaAs quantum wells and InGaAsP barriers. 1. Dichroic mirror for diode pumped YAG:Nd-laser DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Dinca, Andreea; Skettrup, Torben; Lupei, V.; Trifan, M. E.; Dinca, M. P. The paper describes the design and realization of a dichroic mirror for a diode pumped YAG:Nd laser. The mirror is deposed on an optical glass substrate and works in optical contact with the laser crystal. The design was performed by admittance matching of the basic stack with the adjacent media... 2. High average power diode pumped solid state lasers for CALIOPE International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Diode pumping of solid state media offers the opportunity for very low maintenance, high efficiency, and compact laser systems. For remote sensing, such lasers may be used to pump tunable non-linear sources, or if tunable themselves, act directly or through harmonic crystals as the probe. The needs of long range remote sensing missions require laser performance in the several watts to kilowatts range. At these power performance levels, more advanced thermal management technologies are required for the diode pumps. The solid state laser design must now address a variety of issues arising from the thermal loads, including fracture limits, induced lensing and aberrations, induced birefringence, and laser cavity optical component performance degradation with average power loading. In order to highlight the design trade-offs involved in addressing the above issues, a variety of existing average power laser systems are briefly described. Included are two systems based on Spectra Diode Laboratory's water impingement cooled diode packages: a two times diffraction limited, 200 watt average power, 200 Hz multi-rod laser/amplifier by Fibertek, and TRW's 100 watt, 100 Hz, phase conjugated amplifier. The authors also present two laser systems built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) based on their more aggressive diode bar cooling package, which uses microchannel cooler technology capable of 100% duty factor operation. They then present the design of LLNL's first generation OPO pump laser for remote sensing. This system is specified to run at 100 Hz, 20 nsec pulses each with 300 mJ, less than two times diffraction limited, and with a stable single longitudinal mode. The performance of the first testbed version will be presented. The authors conclude with directions their group is pursuing to advance average power lasers. This includes average power electro-optics, low heat load lasing media, and heat capacity lasers 3. Management of chronic generalized periodontitis using diode laser Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Santosh Dixit 2016-01-01 Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a diode laser with nonsurgical periodontal therapy on chronic periodontitis. The patient, a 37-year-old female, with chronic periodontitis reported to the private dental clinic. Her health history indicated that she had good general health. The periodontal examination included a gingival index and complete periodontal probing depth with William's graduated probe. She was treated with 940 nm diode laser and scaling and root planning. Assessment was done after 6 months following laser therapy; the probing depths improved; gain in clinical attachment levels; no inflammation; the tissue tone was good, showing increased stippling. 4. Computer Processing Of Tunable-Diode-Laser Spectra Science.gov (United States) May, Randy D. 1991-01-01 Tunable-diode-laser spectrometer measuring transmission spectrum of gas operates under control of computer, which also processes measurement data. Measurements in three channels processed into spectra. Computer controls current supplied to tunable diode laser, stepping it through small increments of wavelength while processing spectral measurements at each step. Program includes library of routines for general manipulation and plotting of spectra, least-squares fitting of direct-transmission and harmonic-absorption spectra, and deconvolution for determination of laser linewidth and for removal of instrumental broadening of spectral lines. 5. Diode-pumped solid state laser for inertial fusion energy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) We evaluate the prospect for development of a diode-pumped solid-state-laser in an inertial fusion energy power plant. Using a computer code, we predict that our 1 GWe design will offer electricity at 8.6 cents/kW.hr with the laser operating at 8.6 % efficiency and the recycled power level at 32%. The results of our initial sub-scale experimental test-bed of a diode-pumped solid state laser are encouraging, demonstrating good efficiencies and robustness. (Authors). 11 refs., 14 figs 6. Management of chronic generalized periodontitis using diode laser Science.gov (United States) Dixit, Santosh; Doshi, Yogesh; Shah, Mona Udayan; Dabholkar, Charuta Sadanand 2016-01-01 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a diode laser with nonsurgical periodontal therapy on chronic periodontitis. The patient, a 37-year-old female, with chronic periodontitis reported to the private dental clinic. Her health history indicated that she had good general health. The periodontal examination included a gingival index and complete periodontal probing depth with William's graduated probe. She was treated with 940 nm diode laser and scaling and root planning. Assessment was done after 6 months following laser therapy; the probing depths improved; gain in clinical attachment levels; no inflammation; the tissue tone was good, showing increased stippling. PMID:27041846 7. Novel diode laser-based sensors for gas sensing applications Science.gov (United States) Tittel, F. K.; Lancaster, D. G.; Richter, D. 2000-01-01 The development of compact spectroscopic gas sensors and their applications to environmental sensing will be described. These sensors employ mid-infrared difference-frequency generation (DFG) in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystals pumped by two single-frequency solid state lasers such as diode lasers, diode-pumped solid state, and fiber lasers. Ultrasensitive, highly selective, and real-time measurements of several important atmospheric trace gases, including carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde [correction of formaldehye], and methane, have been demonstrated. 8. An investigation of laser oscillators and amplifiers using high intensity diode-pumping OpenAIRE Moore, Nicholas 1998-01-01 The work presented in this thesis is split into two related areas. The first area of research was the construction of high gain, high power, all-solid-state laser amplifiers for use in master oscillator, power amplifier (MOPA) systems. The second area was the operation of solid-state lasers on low gain transitions. The two areas are related by the fact that the primary aim in each was to maximise the available gain on a given laser transition. Two diode-pumped travelling wave amplifiers a... 9. Narrow spectral width laser diode for metastable argon atoms pumping Science.gov (United States) Gao, Jun; Li, Bin; Wang, Xinbing; Zuo, Duluo 2016-03-01 Diode laser pump source with narrow emitting spectrum for optically pumped metastable rare gas laser (OPRGL) of argon was achieved by employing a complex external cavity coupled with volume Bragg grating (VBG). A commercially available c-mount laser diode with rated power of 6 W was used and studied in both the free running mode and VBG external cavity. The maximum output power of 3.9 W with FWHM less than 25 pm and peak wavelength locked around 811.53 nm was obtained from the VBG external cavity laser diode. Precise control of VBG temperature enabled fine tuning of the emission wavelength over a range of 450 pm. Future researches on OPRGL of argon will benefit from it. 10. Photoporation and cell transfection using a violet diode laser Science.gov (United States) Paterson, L.; Agate, B.; Comrie, M.; Ferguson, R.; Lake, T. K.; Morris, J. E.; Carruthers, A. E.; Brown, C. T. A.; Sibbett, W.; Bryant, P. E.; Gunn-Moore, F.; Riches, A. C.; Dholakia, Kishan 2005-01-01 The introduction and subsequent expression of foreign DNA inside living mammalian cells (transfection) is achieved by photoporation with a violet diode laser. We direct a compact 405 nm laser diode source into an inverted optical microscope configuration and expose cells to 0.3 mW for 40 ms. The localized optical power density of ~1200 MW/m2 is six orders of magnitude lower than that used in femtosecond photoporation (~104 TW/m2). The beam perforates the cell plasma membrane to allow uptake of plasmid DNA containing an antibiotic resistant gene as well as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. Successfully transfected cells then expand into clonal groups which are used to create stable cell lines. The use of the violet diode laser offers a new and simple poration technique compatible with standard microscopes and is the simplest method of laser-assisted cell poration reported to date. 11. Laser diode pumped solid-state laser driver for the laser fusion reactor driver International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The design of a laser diode pumped solid state laser having the specifications for an Inertial Confinement Fusion reactor driver is of the upmost importance regarding the potential cost reduction. As a matter of fact the typical solid state laser materials present the advantages of being widely produced as a low price. Improvements should however be made in the fluorescence lifetime and in the thermal characteristics. -Abstract only-(TEC) 12. Infrared diode laser spectroscopy of lithium hydride International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The fundamental and hot bands of the vibration--rotation transitions of 6 LiH, 7 LiH, 6 LiD, and 7 LiD were observed by infrared diode laser spectroscopy at Doppler-limited resolution. Lithium hydride molecules were produced by the reaction of the Li vapor with hydrogen at elevated temperatures. Some 40 transitions were observed and, after combined with submillimeter-wave spectra reported by G. M. Plummer et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 81, 4893 (1984)], were analyzed to yield Dunham-type constants with accuracies more than an order of magnitude higher than those published in the literature. It was clearly demonstrated that the Born--Oppenheimer approximation did not hold, and some parameters representing the breakdown were evaluated. The Born--Oppenheimer internuclear distance r/sup BO//sub e/ was derived to be 1.594 914 26 (59) A, where a new value of Planck's constant recommended by CODATA was employed. The relative intensity of absorption lines was measured to determine the ratio of the permanent dipole moment to its first derivative with respect to the internuclear distance: μ/sub e/ [(partialμpartialr)/sub e/ r/sub e/ ] = 1.743(86). The pressure broadening parameter Δν/sub p/ P was determined to be 6.40 (22) MHzTorr by measuring the linewidth dependence on the pressure of hydrogen, which was about four times larger than the value for the dipole--quadrupole interaction estimated by Kiefer and Bushkovitch's theory 13. Phase Locking of Laser Diode Array by Using an Off-Axis External Talbot Cavity International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Phase locking of a laser diode array is demonstrated experimentally by using an off-axis external Talbot cavity with a feedback plane mirror. Due to good spatial mode discrimination, the cavity does not need a spatial filter. By employing the cavity, a clear and stable far-field interference pattern can be observed when the driver current is less than 14 A. In addition, the spectral line width can be reduced to 0.8 nm. The slope efficiency of the phase-locked laser diode array is about 0.62 W/A. (fundamental areas of phenomenology(including applications)) 14. Tapered Diode-pumped continuous-wave alexandrite laser OpenAIRE Beyatlı, Ersen; Sennaroğlu, Alphan; Baali, Ilyes; Sumpf, Bernd; Erbert, Goetz; Leitenstorfer, Alfred; Demirbaş, Ümit 2013-01-01 Tapered diode-pumped continuous-wave alexandrite laser Ersen Beyatli,1 Ilyes Baali,2 Bernd Sumpf,3 Götz Erbert,3 Alfred Leitenstorfer,4 Alphan Sennaroglu,1 and Umit Demirbas2,4,* 1Laser Research Laboratory, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey 2Laser Technology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Antalya International University, 07190 Dosemealti, Antalya,... 15. Reliability of High Power Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode Science.gov (United States) Amzajerdian, Farzin; Meadows, Byron L.; Barnes, Bruce W.; Lockard, George E.; Singh, Upendra N.; Kavaya, Michael J.; Baker, Nathaniel R. 2006-01-01 Reliability and lifetime of quasi-CW laser diode arrays are greatly influenced by their thermal characteristics. This paper examines the thermal properties of laser diode arrays operating in long pulse duration regime. 16. Overview on new diode lasers for defense applications Science.gov (United States) Neukum, Joerg 2012-11-01 Diode lasers have a broad wavelength range, from the visible to beyond 2.2μm. This allows for various applications in the defense sector, ranging from classic pumping of DPSSL in range finders or target designators, up to pumping directed energy weapons in the 50+ kW range. Also direct diode applications for illumination above 1.55μm, or direct IR countermeasures are of interest. Here an overview is given on some new wavelengths and applications which are recently under discussion. In this overview the following aspects are reviewed: • High Power CW pumps at 808 / 880 / 940nm • Pumps for DPAL - Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers • High Power Diode Lasers in the range Mini-Bar concept for high brightness fiber coupled modules • The Light Weight Fiber Coupled module based on the Mini-Bar concept Overall, High Power Diode Lasers offer many ways to be used in new applications in the defense market. 17. Laser diode pumped ND: Glass slab laser for inertial fusion energy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) As a first step of a driver development for the inertial fusion energy, we are developing a laser-diode-pumped zig-zag Nd:glass slab laser amplifier system HALNA 10 (High Average-power Laser for Nuclear-fusion Application) which can generate an output of 10 J per pulse at 1053 nm in 10 Hz operation. The water-cooled zig-zag Nd:glass slab is pumped from both sides by 803-nm AlGaAs laser-diode(LD) module; each LD module has an emitting area of 420 mm x 10 mm and two LD modules generated in total 218 (max.) kW peak power with 2.6kW/cm2 peak intensity at 10 Hz repetition rate. We have obtained in a preliminary experiment a 8.5 J output energy at 0.5 Hz with beam quality of 2 times diffraction limited far-field pattern, which nearly confirmed our conceptual design. (author) 18. High-average-power diode-pumped Yb: YAG lasers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A scaleable diode end-pumping technology for high-average-power slab and rod lasers has been under development for the past several years at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This technology has particular application to high average power Yb:YAG lasers that utilize a rod configured gain element. Previously, this rod configured approach has achieved average output powers in a single 5 cm long by 2 mm diameter Yb:YAG rod of 430 W cw and 280 W q-switched. High beam quality (M(sup 2)= 2.4) q-switched operation has also been demonstrated at over 180 W of average output power. More recently, using a dual rod configuration consisting of two, 5 cm long by 2 mm diameter laser rods with birefringence compensation, we have achieved 1080 W of cw output with an M(sup 2) value of 13.5 at an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 27.5%. With the same dual rod laser operated in a q-switched mode, we have also demonstrated 532 W of average power with an M(sup 2) and lt; 2.5 at 17% optical-to-optical conversion efficiency. These q-switched results were obtained at a 10 kHz repetition rate and resulted in 77 nsec pulse durations. These improved levels of operational performance have been achieved as a result of technology advancements made in several areas that will be covered in this manuscript. These enhancements to our architecture include: (1) Hollow lens ducts that enable the use of advanced cavity architectures permitting birefringence compensation and the ability to run in large aperture-filling near-diffraction-limited modes. (2) Compound laser rods with flanged-nonabsorbing-endcaps fabricated by diffusion bonding. (3) Techniques for suppressing amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and parasitics in the polished barrel rods 19. High-average-power diode-pumped Yb: YAG lasers Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Avizonis, P V; Beach, R; Bibeau, C M; Emanuel, M A; Harris, D G; Honea, E C; Monroe, R S; Payne, S A; Skidmore, J A; Sutton, S B 1999-10-01 A scaleable diode end-pumping technology for high-average-power slab and rod lasers has been under development for the past several years at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This technology has particular application to high average power Yb:YAG lasers that utilize a rod configured gain element. Previously, this rod configured approach has achieved average output powers in a single 5 cm long by 2 mm diameter Yb:YAG rod of 430 W cw and 280 W q-switched. High beam quality (M{sup 2} = 2.4) q-switched operation has also been demonstrated at over 180 W of average output power. More recently, using a dual rod configuration consisting of two, 5 cm long by 2 mm diameter laser rods with birefringence compensation, we have achieved 1080 W of cw output with an M{sup 2} value of 13.5 at an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 27.5%. With the same dual rod laser operated in a q-switched mode, we have also demonstrated 532 W of average power with an M{sup 2} < 2.5 at 17% optical-to-optical conversion efficiency. These q-switched results were obtained at a 10 kHz repetition rate and resulted in 77 nsec pulse durations. These improved levels of operational performance have been achieved as a result of technology advancements made in several areas that will be covered in this manuscript. These enhancements to our architecture include: (1) Hollow lens ducts that enable the use of advanced cavity architectures permitting birefringence compensation and the ability to run in large aperture-filling near-diffraction-limited modes. (2) Compound laser rods with flanged-nonabsorbing-endcaps fabricated by diffusion bonding. (3) Techniques for suppressing amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and parasitics in the polished barrel rods. 20. Mathematical modeling of a passively Q-switched diode laser International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A mathematical model describing the dynamic emission of the intracavity frequency doubling (IFD) of a gain-switched InGaAs/GaAs/KTP and a gain-switched mode-locked two-sections tapered ridge-waveguide InGaAs/GaAs diode laser has been presented. The IFD of a gain-switched and a gain-switched mode-locked two-sections diode laser is modeled where one section is electrically pumped to proved gain while the second section is unpumped (reverse biased) to provide a saturable absorber. (author) 1. Mode-locking of a diode-laser-pumped Nd:Glass laser by frequency modulation OpenAIRE Hughes, D W; Barr, J.R.M.; Hanna, D.C. 1991-01-01 We report frequency-modulation mode locking of a diode-laser-pumped Nd:glass laser. We have obtained pulses of 9-psec duration using a lithium niobate phase modulator operating at a repetition rate of 235 MHz. The average output power is 14 mW, for pumping with a 500-mW laser-diode array, and the pulses are approximately 1.4 times transform limited 2. Rectified diode response of a multimode quantum cascade laser integrated terahertz transceiver CERN Document Server Dyer, Gregory C; Cich, Michael J; Grine, Albert D; Fuller, Charles T; Reno, John L; Wanke, Michael C 2016-01-01 We characterized the DC transport response of a diode embedded in a THz quantum cascade laser as the laser current was changed. The overall response is described by parallel contributions from the rectification of the laser field due to the non-linearity of the diode I-V and from thermally activated transport. Sudden jumps in the diode response when the laser changes from single mode to multi-mode operation, with no corresponding jumps in output power, suggest that the coupling between the diode and laser field depends on the spatial distribution of internal fields. The results demonstrate conclusively that the internal laser field couples directly to the integrated diode. 3. Light-emitting diode versus laser irradiation phototherapy with lutetium texaphyrin (PCI-0123) Science.gov (United States) Woodburn, Kathryn W.; Young, Stuart W.; Qing, Fan; Miles, Dale R.; Thiemann, Patricia A. 1997-05-01 Lutetium texaphyrin (PCI-0123) is presently in clinical trials for the treatment of neoplasms. An argon-pumped dye laser has mostly been used to generate light for PCI-0123 photoactivation. However, lasers are expensive and produce a limited area of illumination, so the efficacy of light emitting diodes (LEDs) was investigated. An LED array was developed so that the spectral emission matched the far red absorption spectrum of PCI-0123. A preclinical PDT efficacy study comparing the laser and the LED was undertaken using EMT6-bearing animals. The LED and laser light sources were statistically comparable in eradicating the murine mammary sarcomas using PCI-0123 as the photosensitizer. 4. Development of diode-pumped medical solid-state lasers Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kim, Cheol Jung; Kim, Min Suk 2000-09-01 Two thirds of human body consists of water and the absorption of laser by water is an important factor in medical laser treatment. Er medical lasers have been used in the dermatology, ophthalmology and dental treatments due to its highest absorption by water. However, 2.9 um Er laser can not be transmitted through an optical fiber. On the other hand, Tm laser can be transmitted through an fiber and also has very high absorption by water. Therefore, Tm lasers are used in ophthalmology and heart treatment wherein the fiber delivery is very important for the treatment. Until now, mainly lamp-pumped solid-state lasers have been used in medical treatments, but the lamp-pumped solid-state lasers are being replaced with the diode-pumped solid-state lasers because the diode-pumped solid-state lasers are more compact and much easier to maintain. Following this trend, end-pumped Er and side-pumped Tm lasers have been developed and the output power of 1 W was obtained for Er and Tm respectively. 5. Development of diode-pumped medical solid-state lasers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Two thirds of human body consists of water and the absorption of laser by water is an important factor in medical laser treatment. Er medical lasers have been used in the dermatology, ophthalmology and dental treatments due to its highest absorption by water. However, 2.9 um Er laser can not be transmitted through an optical fiber. On the other hand, Tm laser can be transmitted through an fiber and also has very high absorption by water. Therefore, Tm lasers are used in ophthalmology and heart treatment wherein the fiber delivery is very important for the treatment. Until now, mainly lamp-pumped solid-state lasers have been used in medical treatments, but the lamp-pumped solid-state lasers are being replaced with the diode-pumped solid-state lasers because the diode-pumped solid-state lasers are more compact and much easier to maintain. Following this trend, end-pumped Er and side-pumped Tm lasers have been developed and the output power of 1 W was obtained for Er and Tm respectively 6. Laser diode pumped solid-state laser for the laser fusion reactor driver International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Technical and economical feasibility of a laser diode (LD) pumped solid state laser driver for the fusion reactor is examined. Nd-doped solid state laser materials with lasing wavelength at 1 μm are selected. Using a conceptual designing technique, a prototype-model driver is designed, which has the specifications for a reactor driver such as an output energy of 4 MJ per pulse at the wavelength of 0.35 μm, overall efficiency of 12% and a repetition rate of 12 Hz. From the results of design, it is concluded that some diode pumped solid state laser drivers have large potentiality from both technical and economical points of view. (author) 7. Diode Laser Velocity Measurements by Modulated Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Science.gov (United States) Mach, J. J.; Varghese, P. L.; Jagodzinski, J. J. 1999-01-01 The ability of solid-state lasers to be tuned in operating frequency at MHz rates by input current modulation, while maintaining a relatively narrow line-width, has made them useful for spectroscopic measurements. Their other advantages include low cost, reliability, durability, compact size, and modest power requirements, making them a good choice for a laser source in micro-gravity experiments in drop-towers and in flight. For their size, they are also very bright. In a filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) experiment, a diode laser can be used to scan across an atomic or molecular absorption line, generating large changes in transmission at the resonances for very small changes in frequency. The hyperfine structure components of atomic lines of alkali metal vapors are closely spaced and very strong, which makes such atomic filters excellent candidates for sensitive Doppler shift detection and therefore for high-resolution velocimetry. In the work we describe here we use a Rubidium vapor filter, and work with the strong D(sub 2) transitions at 780 nm that are conveniently accessed by near infrared diode lasers. The low power output of infrared laser diodes is their primary drawback relative to other laser systems commonly used for velocimetry. However, the capability to modulate the laser frequency rapidly and continuously helps mitigate this. Using modulation spectroscopy and a heterodyne detection scheme with a lock-in amplifier, one can extract sub-microvolt signals occurring at a specific frequency from a background that is orders of magnitude stronger. The diode laser modulation is simply achieved by adding a small current modulation to the laser bias current. It may also be swept repetitively in wavelength using an additional lower frequency current ramp. 8. Method and system for homogenizing diode laser pump arrays Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bayramian, Andrew James 2016-05-03 An optical amplifier system includes a diode pump array including a plurality of semiconductor diode laser bars disposed in an array configuration and characterized by a periodic distance between adjacent semiconductor diode laser bars. The periodic distance is measured in a first direction perpendicular to each of the plurality of semiconductor diode laser bars. The diode pump array provides a pump output propagating along an optical path and characterized by a first intensity profile measured as a function of the first direction and having a variation greater than 10%. The optical amplifier system also includes a diffractive optic disposed along the optical path. The diffractive optic includes a photo-thermo-refractive glass member. The optical amplifier system further includes an amplifier slab having an input face and position along the optical path and separated from the diffractive optic by a predetermined distance. A second intensity profile measured at the input face of the amplifier slab as a function of the first direction has a variation less than 10%. 9. Method and system for homogenizing diode laser pump arrays Science.gov (United States) Bayramian, Andy J 2013-10-01 An optical amplifier system includes a diode pump array including a plurality of semiconductor diode laser bars disposed in an array configuration and characterized by a periodic distance between adjacent semiconductor diode laser bars. The periodic distance is measured in a first direction perpendicular to each of the plurality of semiconductor diode laser bars. The diode pump array provides a pump output propagating along an optical path and characterized by a first intensity profile measured as a function of the first direction and having a variation greater than 10%. The optical amplifier system also includes a diffractive optic disposed along the optical path. The diffractive optic includes a photo-thermo-refractive glass member. The optical amplifier system further includes an amplifier slab having an input face and position along the optical path and separated from the diffractive optic by a predetermined distance. A second intensity profile measured at the input face of the amplifier slab as a function of the first direction has a variation less than 10%. 10. Efficacy of diode laser for treating acne keloidalis nuchae Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Shah Girish 2005-01-01 Full Text Available Acne keloidalis nuchae is usually treated with oral antibiotics, local antiseptics or intralesional steroids but with limited success. I assessed the efficacy of diode laser for treating the inflammatory and keloidal papules of acne keloidalis nuchae in two cases. The lesions in both the cases showed about 90 to 95% clearance after 4 treatment sessions at one to one and half month intervals. No new lesions were observed during the follow up period of six months after the last laser treatment. Thus, after clearing bacterial infection, laser hair epilation can be used as the first line of therapy for treating papules of acne keloidalis nuchae. This is the first attempt at treating acne keloidalis nuchae with a diode laser. 11. High brightness diode-pumped organic solid-state laser CERN Document Server Zhao, Zhuang; Nafa, Malik; Chénais, Sébastien; Forget, Sébastien 2015-01-01 High-power, diffraction-limited organic solid-state laser operation has been achieved in a vertical external cavity surface-emitting organic laser (VECSOL), pumped by a low-cost compact blue laser diode. The diode-pumped VECSOLs were demonstrated with various dyes in a polymer matrix, leading to laser emissions from 540 nm to 660 nm. Optimization of both the pump pulse duration and output coupling leads to a pump slope efficiency of 11% for a DCM based VECSOLs. We report output pulse energy up to 280 nJ with 100 ns long pump pulses, leading to a peak power of 3.5 W in a circularly symmetric, diffraction-limited beam. 12. Polarization/Spatial Combining of Laser-Diode Pump Beams Science.gov (United States) Gelsinger, Paul; Liu, Duncan 2008-01-01 A breadboard version of an optical beam combiner is depicted which make it possible to use the outputs of any or all of four multimode laser diodes to pump a non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO) laser. The output of each laser diode has a single-mode profile in the meridional plane containing an axis denoted the 'fast' axis and a narrower multimode profile in the orthogonal meridional plane, which contains an axis denoted the 'slow' axis and a narrower multimode profile in the orthogonal meridional plane, which contains an axis denoted the 'slow' axis. One of the purposes served by the beam-combining optics is to reduce the fast-axis numerical aperture (NA) of the laser-diode output to match the NA of the optical fiber. Along the slow axis, the unmodified laser-diode NA is already well matched to the fiber optic NA, so no further slow-axis beam shaping is needed. In this beam combiner, the laser-diode outputs are collimated by aspherical lenses, then half-wave plates and polarizing beam splitters are used to combine the four collimated beams into two beams. Spatial combination of the two beams and coupling into the optical fiber is effected by use of anamorphic prisms, mirrors, and a focusing lens. The anamorphic prisms are critical elements in the NA-matching scheme, in that they reduce the fast-axis beam width to 1/6 of its original values. Inasmuch as no slow-axis beam shaping is needed, the collimating and focusing lenses are matched for 1:1 iumaging. Because these lenses are well corrected for infinite conjugates the combiner offers diffraction-limited performance along both the fast and slow axes. 13. Generation of incoherent light from a laser diode based on the injection of an emission from a superluminescent diode CERN Document Server Takamizawa, Akifumi; Ikegami, Takeshi 2013-01-01 In this study, incoherent light with a spectral linewidth of 7 nm and 140 mW of power was generated from a laser diode into which incoherent light emitted from a superluminescent diode was injected with 2.7 mW of power. The spectral linewidth of the light from the laser diode was broadened to 12 nm when the diode's output power was reduced to 15 mW. In the process of transformation from single-mode laser light to incoherent light with a broad spectrum by increasing injection-light power, multimode laser oscillation and a noisy spectrum were found in the light from the laser diode. This optical system can be used not only for amplification of incoherent light but also as a coherence-convertible light source. 14. Wavelength beam combining of a 980-nm tapered diode laser bar in an external cavity DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Vijayakumar, Deepak; Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Thestrup Nielsen, Birgitte 2010-01-01 4.0 nm between the emitters. An output power of 9 W has been achieved at an operating current of 30 A. The combined beam had an M2 value (1/e2) of 5.3 along the slow axis which is comparable to that of a single tapered emitter on the laser bar. The overall beam combining efficiency was measured to......High power diode lasers are used in a large number of applications. A limiting factor for more widespread use of broad area lasers is the poor beam quality. Gain guided tapered diode lasers are ideal candidates for industrial applications that demands watt level output power with good beam quality... 15. Injection locking of a high power ultraviolet laser diode for laser cooling of ytterbium atoms International Nuclear Information System (INIS) We developed a high-power laser system at a wavelength of 399 nm for laser cooling of ytterbium atoms with ultraviolet laser diodes. The system is composed of an external cavity laser diode providing frequency stabilized output at a power of 40 mW and another laser diode for amplifying the laser power up to 220 mW by injection locking. The systematic method for optimization of our injection locking can also be applied to high power light sources at any other wavelengths. Our system does not depend on complex nonlinear frequency-doubling and can be made compact, which will be useful for providing light sources for laser cooling experiments including transportable optical lattice clocks 16. Efficacy of diode laser for treating acne keloidalis nuchae OpenAIRE Shah Girish 2005-01-01 Acne keloidalis nuchae is usually treated with oral antibiotics, local antiseptics or intralesional steroids but with limited success. I assessed the efficacy of diode laser for treating the inflammatory and keloidal papules of acne keloidalis nuchae in two cases. The lesions in both the cases showed about 90 to 95% clearance after 4 treatment sessions at one to one and half month intervals. No new lesions were observed during the follow up period of six months after the last laser tre... 17. Diode laser osteoperforation and its application to osteomyelitis treatment Science.gov (United States) Privalov, Valeriy A.; Krochek, Igor V.; Lappa, Alexander V. 2001-10-01 Laser osteoperforation, previously studied in experiment in rabbits at treatment for acute purulent osteomyelitis (Privalov V. et.al., SPIE Proc., v.3565., pp. 72-79), was applied in clinic to 36 patients with chronic purulent osteomyelitis and to 6 patients (children) with acute haematogenic osteomyelitis. Diode lasers of 805 and 980 nm wavelength were used. There was achieved full recovery in all acute cases, and stable remission in chronic cases during all the observation period (1 - 2.5 years). 18. Diode lasers: A magical wand to an orthodontic practice Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Vipul Kumar Srivastava 2014-01-01 Full Text Available LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation is a powerful source of light, which has innumerable applications in all the fields of science including medicine and dentistry. It is one such technology that has become a desirable and an inseparable alternative to many traditional surgical procedures being held in the field of dentistry, and orthodontics is no exception. The current article describes the uses of a diode laser as an indispensable tool in an orthodontic office. 19. Investigation of the light field of a semiconductor diode laser. Science.gov (United States) Ankudinov, A V; Yanul, M L; Slipchenko, S O; Shelaev, A V; Dorozhkin, P S; Podoskin, A A; Tarasov, I S 2014-10-20 Scanning near-field optical microscopy was applied to study, with sub-wavelength spatial resolution, the near- and the far-field distributions of propagating modes from a high-power laser diode. Simple modeling was also performed and compared with experimental results. The simulated distributions were consistent with the experiment and permitted clarification of the configuration of the transverse modes of the laser. PMID:25401675 20. Diode lasers: A magical wand to an orthodontic practice OpenAIRE Vipul Kumar Srivastava; Shally Mahajan 2014-01-01 LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is a powerful source of light, which has innumerable applications in all the fields of science including medicine and dentistry. It is one such technology that has become a desirable and an inseparable alternative to many traditional surgical procedures being held in the field of dentistry, and orthodontics is no exception. The current article describes the uses of a diode laser as an indispensable tool in an orthodontic office. 1. Even Illumination from Fiber-Optic-Coupled Laser Diodes Science.gov (United States) Howard, Richard T. 2006-01-01 A method of equipping fiber-optic-coupled laser diodes to evenly illuminate specified fields of view has been proposed. The essence of the method is to shape the tips of the optical fibers into suitably designed diffractive optical elements. One of the main benefits afforded by the method would be more nearly complete utilization of the available light. Diffractive optics is a relatively new field of optics in which laser beams are shaped by use of diffraction instead of refraction. 2. Dichroic mirror for diode pumped YAG:Nd-laser DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Dinca, Andreea; Skettrup, Torben; Lupei, V.; 1996-01-01 The paper describes the design and realization of a dichroic mirror for a diode pumped YAG:Nd laser. The mirror is deposed on an optical glass substrate and works in optical contact with the laser crystal. The design was performed by admittance matching of the basic stack with the adjacent media........ Proper matching stacks were selected between all possible solutions computed by analytical inversion of the system equation for the equivalent layer. Deposition conditions and experimental results are given.... 3. Fast Tunable Wavelength Sources Based on the Laser Diode Array Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Sung-Chan; Cho; Hyun; Ha; Hong; Byoung-Whi; Kim 2003-01-01 We report a demonstration of a fast wavelength tunable source (TWS) based on the laser diode array coupled to the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer. The switching and optical characteristics of TWS make it a candidate for implementing the wavelength-division space switch fabric for an optical packet/burst switching. 4. Fiber-optic interferometer using frequency-modulated laser diodes Science.gov (United States) Beheim, G. 1986-01-01 This paper describes an electrically passive fiber-optic interferometer which uses dual frequency-modulated laser diodes. Experimental results show that this type of interferometer can attain a displacement range of 100 micron with subnanometer resolution. This technique can serve as the basis for a number of high-precision fiber-optic sensors. 5. SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS OF GASEOUS SULFURIC ACID USING TUNABLE DIODE LASERS Science.gov (United States) Using a tunable diode laser spectrometer with a spectral resolution of about 10 to the -4 power/cm, the important central portions of the two infrared absorption bands of H2SO4 at 8.2 micrometers (1222/cm) and 11.3 micrometers (880/cm) have been scanned at low pressure (approxima... 6. Diode laser arrays for dynamic infrared scene projection Science.gov (United States) Beasley, D. Brett; Cooper, John B. 1993-08-01 A novel concept for dynamic IR scene projection using IR diode lasers has been developed. This technology offers significant cost and performance advantages over other currently available projector technologies. Performance advantages include high dynamic range, multiple wavebands, and high frame rates. A projector system which utilizes a 16-element linear array has been developed and integrated into the millimeter wave/infrared (MMW/IR) hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) facility at the US Army Missile Command's (USAMICOM's) Research, Development, and Engineering Center (RDEC). This projector has demonstrated dynamic range in excess of 105, apparent temperatures greater than 2500 degree(s)C, and nanosecond response times. Performance characteristics for this projector system are presented in the paper. Designs for projectors to test other IR sensor configurations, including FPAs, have been developed and are presented as well. The FPA design consists of a linear array of diode lasers scanned by a polygon mirror. This low-cost projector offers high resolution, high contrast 2-D scenes at up to 10 KHz frame rates. Simulation of active IR countermeasures is another promising application of diode laser projector systems. The diode laser is capable of simulating flares or virtually any IR jammer waveform. 7. Molecular oxygen detection using frequency modulation diode laser spectroscopy Science.gov (United States) Wang, Liang-Guo; Sachse, Glen 1990-01-01 A high-sensitivity spectroscopic measurement of O2 using two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy with a GaAlAs diode laser is presented. An oxygen sensor based on this technique would be non-intrusive, compact and possess high sensitivity and fast time response. 8. Diode laser photoacoustic detection of automobile exhaust emissions Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Cihelka, Jaroslav; Horká-Zelenková, Veronika; Civiš, Svatopluk Denver : IEEE, 2005 - (Marciniak, M.), s. 349-354 ISBN 0-7803-9236-1. [International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks /7./. Barcelona (ES), 03.07.2005-07.07.2005] R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA4040104 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40400503 Keywords : IR spectroscopy * laser diodes * pollutants Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry 9. Diode-laser-based lidars: the next generation Science.gov (United States) Vujkovic-Cvijin, Pajo; Cooper, David E.; Van der Laan, Jan E.; Warren, Russell E. 1999-10-01 The work on the development of compact diode laser-based lidar systems at SRI International is reviewed. Two systems, a pseudorandom modulation lidar, and a mobile remote sensor for natural gas pipeline leak detection are described in detail, and experimental results are presented. Methods to enhance signal detection by digital filtering are also reviewed. 10. Neoplasms treatment by diode laser with and without real time temperature control on operation zone Science.gov (United States) Belikov, Andrey V.; Gelfond, Mark L.; Shatilova, Ksenia V.; Sosenkova, Svetlana A.; Lazareva, Anastasia A.; Semyashkina, Yulia V. 2016-04-01 Results of nevus, papilloma, dermatofibroma, and basal cell skin cancer in vivo removal by a 980+/-10 nm diode laser with "blackened" tip operating in continuous (CW) mode and automatic power control (APC) mode are presented. The collateral damage width and width of graze wound area around the collateral damage area were demonstrated. The total damage area width was calculated as sum of collateral damage width and graze wound area width. The mean width of total damage area reached 1.538+/-0.254 mm for patient group with nevus removing by 980 nm diode laser operating in CW mode, papilloma - 0.586+/-0.453 mm, dermatofibroma - 1.568+/-0.437 mm, and basal cell skin cancer - 1.603+/-0.613 mm. The mean width of total damage area reached 1.201+/-0.292 mm for patient group with nevus removing by 980 nm diode laser operating in APC mode, papilloma - 0.413+/-0.418 mm, dermatofibroma - 1.240+/-0.546 mm, and basal cell skin cancer - 1.204+/-0.517 mm. It was found that using APC mode decreases the total damage area width at removing of these nosological neoplasms of human skin, and decreases the width of graze wound area at removing of nevus and basal cell skin cancer. At the first time, the dynamic of output laser power and thermal signal during laser removal of nevus in CW and APC mode is presented. It was determined that output laser power during nevus removal for APC mode was 1.6+/-0.05 W and for CW mode - 14.0+/-0.1 W. This difference can explain the decrease of the total damage area width and width of graze wound area for APC mode in comparison with CW mode. 11. Chirped microlens arrays for diode laser circularization and beam expansion Science.gov (United States) Schreiber, Peter; Dannberg, Peter; Hoefer, Bernd; Beckert, Erik 2005-08-01 Single-mode diode lasers are well-established light sources for a huge number of applications but suffer from astigmatism, beam ellipticity and large manufacturing tolerances of beam parameters. To compensate for these shortcomings, various approaches like anamorphic prism pairs and cylindrical telescopes for circularization as well as variable beam expanders based on zoomed telescopes for precise adjustment of output beam parameters have been employed in the past. The presented new approach for both beam circularization and expansion is based on the use of microlens arrays with chirped focal length: Selection of lenslets of crossed cylindrical microlens arrays as part of an anamorphic telescope enables circularization, astigmatism correction and divergence tolerance compensation of diode lasers simultaneously. Another promising application of chirped spherical lens array telescopes is stepwise variable beam expansion for circular laser beams of fiber or solid-state lasers. In this article we describe design and manufacturing of beam shaping systems with chirped microlens arrays fabricated by polymer-on-glass replication of reflow lenses. A miniaturized diode laser module with beam circularization and astigmatism correction assembled on a structured ceramics motherboard and a modulated RGB laser-source for photofinishing applications equipped with both cylindrical and spherical chirped lens arrays demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system design approach. 12. Wavelength Width Dependence of Cavity Temperature Distribution in Semiconductor Diode Laser OpenAIRE A. Alimorady; Abbasi, S. P. 2013-01-01 The study of heat distribution in laser diode shows that there is nonuniform temperature distribution in cavity length of laser diode. In this paper, we investigate the temperature difference in laser diode cavity length and its effect on laser bar output wavelength width that mounted on usual CS model. In this survey at the first, laser was simulated then the simulations result was compared with experimental test result. The result shows that for each emitter there is difference, about 2.5 d... 13. A low-temperature external cavity diode laser for broad wavelength tuning OpenAIRE Tobias, William G.; Rosenberg, Jason S.; Hutzler, Nicholas R.; Ni, Kang-Kuen 2016-01-01 We report on the design and characterization of a low-temperature external cavity diode laser (ECDL) system for broad wavelength tuning. The performance achieved with multiple diode models addresses the scarcity of commercial red laser diodes below 633 nm, which is a wavelength range relevant to spectroscopy of many molecules and ions. Using a combination of multiple-stage thermoelectric cooling and water cooling, the operating temperature of a laser diode is lowered to -64{\\deg}C, more than ... 14. A Laser-Diode End-Pumped Nd:YVO4 Slab Laser at 1342 nm Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) YAN Ying; ZHANG Heng-Li; LIU Yang; XING Ji-Chuan; XIN Jian-Guo 2009-01-01 A laser-diode end-pumped Nd:YV04 slab laser with a fiat-concave stable cavity at 1342nm is demonstrated. Under the pumping power of 92 W, a cw laser of output 17.8 W is obtained with the slope efficiency of 25.6%. 15. High duty cycle hard soldered kilowatt laser diode arrays Science.gov (United States) Klumel, Genady; Karni, Yoram; Oppenheim, Jacob; Berk, Yuri; Shamay, Moshe; Tessler, Renana; Cohen, Shalom 2010-02-01 High-brightness laser diode arrays operating at a duty cycle of 10% - 20% are in ever-increasing demand for the optical pumping of solid state lasers and directed energy applications. Under high duty-cycle operation at 10% - 20%, passive (conductive) cooling is of limited use, while micro-coolers using de-ionized cooling water can considerably degrade device reliability. When designing and developing actively-cooled collimated laser diode arrays for high duty cycle operation, three main problems should be carefully addressed: an effective local and total heat removal, a minimization of packaging-induced and operational stresses, and high-precision fast axis collimation. In this paper, we present a novel laser diode array incorporating a built-in tap water cooling system, all-hard-solder bonded assembly, facet-passivated high-power 940 nm laser bars and tight fast axis collimation. By employing an appropriate layout of water cooling channels, careful choice of packaging materials, proper design of critical parts, and active optics alignment, we have demonstrated actively-cooled collimated laser diode arrays with extended lifetime and reliability, without compromising their efficiency, optical power density, brightness or compactness. Among the key performance benchmarks achieved are: 150 W/bar optical peak power at 10% duty cycle, >50% wallplug efficiency and 0.5 Ghots with thermal cycling between -20°C and 40°C and mechanical shocks at 500g acceleration. The results of both performance and reliability testing bear out the effectiveness and robustness of the manufacturing technology for high duty-cycle laser arrays. 16. In-volume heating using high-power laser diodes Science.gov (United States) Denisenkov, Valentin S.; Kiyko, Vadim V.; Vdovin, Gleb V. 2015-03-01 High-power lasers are useful instruments suitable for applications in various fields; the most common industrial applications include cutting and welding. We propose a new application of high-power laser diodes as in-bulk heating source for food industry. Current heating processes use surface heating with different approaches to make the heat distribution more uniform and the process more efficient. High-power lasers can in theory provide in-bulk heating which can sufficiently increase the uniformity of heat distribution thus making the process more efficient. We chose two media (vegetable fat and glucose) for feasibility experiments. First, we checked if the media have necessary absorption coefficients on the wavelengths of commercially available laser diodes (940-980 nm). This was done using spectrophotometer at 700-1100 nm which provided the dependences of transmission from the wavelength. The results indicate that vegetable fat has noticeable transmission dip around 925 nm and glucose has sufficient dip at 990 nm. Then, after the feasibility check, we did numerical simulation of the heat distribution in bulk using finite elements method. Based on the results, optimal laser wavelength and illuminator configuration were selected. Finally, we carried out several pilot experiments with high-power diodes heating the chosen media. 17. Utilization of pulsed diode lasers to lidar remote sensing Science.gov (United States) Penchev, S.; Pencheva, Vasilka H.; Naboko, Vassily N.; Naboko, Sergei V.; Simeonov, P. 2001-04-01 Investigation of new aspects of application of pulsed quantum well (In)GaAs/AlGaAs diode lasers to atmospheric spectroscopy and lidar remote sensing is reported. The presented method utilizing these powerful multichipstack diode lasers of broad radiation line is approved theoretically and experimentally for monitoring of atmospheric humidity. Molecular absorption of gas species in the investigated spectral band 0.85 - 0.9 micrometer implemented by laser technology initiates further development of prospective DIAL analysis. A mobile lidar system is realized, employing optimal photodetection based on computer-operated boxcar and adaptive digital filter processing of the lidar signal in the analytical system. Aerosol profile exhibiting cloud strata in open atmosphere by testing of the sensor is demonstrative of the efficiency and high sensitivity of long-range sounding. 18. Resection of the Tooth Apex with Diode Laser Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Uzunov Tz. 2014-06-01 Full Text Available An “in vitro” experimental study has been carried out on 70 extracted teeth. A laser resection of the root apex has been carried out with diode laser beam with a wavelength of - 810 ± 10 nm. Sequentially a radiation with increasing power has been applied, as follows: 1,3 W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, 6W, 7W, in electro surgery mode. Successful resection of the tooth apex has been performed at: 3W; 4W; 5W; 6W and 7W power. It was established that when laser resected the tooth apex carbonizes. 19. Thermally tunable integrated planar Bragg-grating stabilized diode laser Science.gov (United States) Lynch, S. G.; Gates, J. C.; Berry, S. A.; Holmes, C.; Smith, P. G. R. 2015-03-01 A pair of external cavity diode lasers are fabricated using an integrated planar Bragg grating. The planar waveguide and Bragg reflector is UV-written within a glass-on-silicon chip. Intensity isolated, continuous wavelength tuning at > 1kHz modulation rate is acheived using micro-heating elements fabricated directly over the Bragg grating. Low RIN (<140dB) and low linewidth (δν ~ 200 kHz) operation is found using a heterodyne measurement. We demonstrate the lasers operating in phase-locked loop configuration where one laser is frequency-offset locked to the other. 20. Neodymium YAG lasers pumped by light-emitting diodes Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bilak, V.I.; Goldobin, I.S.; Zverev, G.M.; Kuratev, I.I.; Pashkov, V.A.; Stel' makh, M.F.; Tsvetkov, Y.V.; Solov' eva, N.M. 1981-11-01 The results are presented of theoretical and experimental investigations of room-temperature YAG:Nd lasers pumped by light-emitting diodes. The lasing characteristics of a laser operated at the 1.06 and 1.32 ..mu.. wavelengths were investigated in the cw and pulsed regimes and dependences of its parameters on the temperature, pulse repetition frequency, and other factors were studied. In the pulsed regime the laser efficiency was 0.2% and in the cw regime the radiation power reached 50 and 17 mW at the 1.06 and 1.32 ..mu.. wavelengths, respectively. 1. Multiple Isotope Magneto Optical Trap from a single diode laser CERN Document Server Valenzuela, V M; Gutierrez, M; Gomez, E; 10.1364/JOSAB.30.001205 2013-01-01 We present a Dual Isotope Magneto Optical Trap produced using a single diode laser. We generate all the optical frequencies needed for trapping both species using a fiber intensity modulator. All the optical frequencies are amplified simultaneously using a tapered amplifier. The independent control of each frequency is on the RF side rather than on the optical side. This introduces an enormous simplification for laser cooling applications that often require an acousto-optic modulator for each laser beam. Frequency changing capabilities are limited by the modulator bandwidth (10 GHz). Traps for more isotopes can be simply added by including additional RF frequencies to the modulator. 2. Diode-pumped ultrahigh-peak-power laser International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Laser characteristics of diode-pumped Yb-doped materials have been improved at low temperature dramatically for high power operation. An emission cross section is enlarged and the reduced saturation fluence enables efficient energy extraction of the storage energy even by using commercially obtainable optics. The thermal conductivity of laser crystals is considerably improved. In addition, A laser system in the materials has been changed from quasi-three-level to four-level at low temperature. A Yb:YLF chirped-pulse regenerative amplifier has been developed at low temperature and 36-mJ, 800-fs pulses have been obtained at 20 Hz. (author) 3. Treatment of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Diode Laser for Esthetical Purposes Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Hanaa M. El Shenawy 2015-08-01 Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Gingival hyperpigmentation is a common esthetical concern in patients with gummy smile or excessive gingival display. Laser ablation has been recognized recently as the most effective, pleasant and reliable technique. It has the advantage of easy handling, short treatment time, hemostasis, decontamination, and sterilization effect. AIM: In the present study we wanted to explore the efficacy of a 980 nm wavelength diode laser in gingival depigmentation clinically by using both VAS and digital imaging method as means of assessment. METHODS: Diode laser ablation was done for 15 patients who requested cosmetic therapy for melanin pigmented gums. The laser beam delivered by fiberoptic with a diameter of 320 µm, the diode laser system has 980 nm wave lengths and 3 W irradiation powers, in a continuous contact mode in all cases, the entire surface of each pigmented maxillary and mandibular gingiva that required treatment was irradiated in a single session. Clinical examination and digital image analysis were done and the patients were followed up for 3 successive months. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant change in prevalence of bleeding after treatment, as none of the cases showed any signs of bleeding 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after ablation. No statistically significant change was observed in the prevalence of swelling after treatment The VAS evaluation demonstrated that only 4 patients complained of mild pain immediately after the procedure. No pain was perceived from the patients in the rest of the follow up period. There was no statistically significant change in prevalence of pain immediately after treatment compared to pain during treatment. There was a decrease in cases with mild pain after 1 week, 1 month as well as 3 months compared to pain during treatment and immediately after treatment. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the use of diode laser was shown to be a safe and effective treatment 4. Stabilization of DFB laser diodes with 760 nm and 1541 nm wavelength Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Mikel, Břetislav; Buchta, Zdeněk; Lazar, Josef; Čížek, Martin; Číp, Ondřej Bellingham : SPIE, 2011, 83060F:1-6. ISBN 978-0-8194-8953-1. [Photonics, Devices, and Systems V. Praha (CZ), 24.08.2011-26.08.2011] Institutional support: RVO:68081731 Keywords : DFB laser diodes * frequency stabilization of the laser diodes * laser interferometry Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers 5. Atomic-resolution measurements with a new tunable diode laser-based interferometer DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Silver, R.M.; Zou, H.; Gonda, S.; 2004-01-01 We develop a new implementation of a Michelson interferometer designed to make measurements with an uncertainty of less than 20 pm. This new method uses a tunable diode laser as the light source, with the diode laser wavelength continuously tuned to fix the number of fringes in the measured optical...... path. The diode laser frequency is measured by beating against a reference laser. High-speed, accurate frequency measurements of the beat frequency signal enables the diode laser wavelength to be measured with nominally 20-pm accuracy for the measurements described. The new interferometer design is...... laser Michelson interferometer.... 6. Increasing of the frequency stability of the 760 nm wavelength DFB laser diode for laser interferometry Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Mikel, Břetislav; Buchta, Zdeněk; Lazar, Josef; Číp, Ondřej Bellingham : SPIE, 2012, s. 869719: 1-7. ISBN 978-0-8194-9481-8. [CPS 2012. Czech-Polish-Slovak Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics /18./. Ostravice (CZ), 03.09.2012-07.09.2012] R&D Projects: GA MŠk ED0017/01/01; GA ČR GAP102/10/1813; GA TA ČR TA01010995 Institutional support: RVO:68081731 Keywords : laser interferometry * DFB laser diodes * frequency stabilization of the laser diodes * optical fiber splicing * PM optical fibers Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers 7. Approaches of output improvement for a cesium vapor laser pumped by a volume-Bragg-grating coupled laser-diode-array International Nuclear Information System (INIS) We report the approaches of output improvement for a cesium vapor laser, which was pumped by a volume-Bragg-grating (VBG) coupled broad-area laser-diode-array (LDA) with the quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) drive mode, in adopting an appropriate heating procedure and improving the pump configuration 8. Design of laser fusion reactor driven by laser-diode-pumped solid state laser International Nuclear Information System (INIS) This paper presents a conceptual design of a laser fusion reactor for direct irradiation implosion of a DT fuel pellet. The reactor is driven by a laser diode (LD)-pumped solid state laser. 4 MJ driver energy yields the maximum gain of 150. The driver will be operated at a repetition rate of 12 Hz. The authors propose the four module chamber-one laser system. Each module chamber is operated at 3Hz. A first wall is made of liquid-lithium-lead flows. The flows are guided by woven ceramic pipes, protecting the structural wall as well as breeding tritium. By adopting currently existing technologies, they designed a concept of a high efficiency- and high repetition rate- LD-pumped solid state laser driver 9. Diode laser: In treatment of recurrent verrucous leukoplakia Science.gov (United States) Giri, Debanti; Agarwal, Nitin; Sinha, Abhishek; Srivastava, Sunita; Mishra, Anuj 2016-01-01 Laser first came into light in 1960 and had been used extensively in various fields of medicine. Laser has been experimented in the various dental field, and its utility is being recognized and established well in the dentistry. Lasers are widely used for a number of procedures such as cavity preparation, scaling, and root planning, surgical procedures like excision of soft tissue growths, etc., Improved healing, hemostasis, and sutureless excisions are some of the many advantages of laser over conventional treatment modalities. It is because of these advantages that laser is becoming more and more popular as a treatment option in various aspects of dentistry. We hereby present a case report, where we have used diode laser for surgical management of a proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), because of its many advantages over conventional methods. It presents very specific characteristics, mainly a more aggressive biological behavior than other forms of leukoplakia expressed by: A tendency toward multifocality (field cancerization); a high prospect of recurrence; and a high rate of malignant transformation, which can range between 40% and 100% in a follow-up period of 4.4–11.6 years. In this case, we evaluated the advantages of diode laser for the treatment of verrucous leukoplakia, where the results that we obtained were excellent. The patient had come for evaluation till the time of complete healing. 10. Present state of applying diode laser in Toyota Motor Corp. Science.gov (United States) Terada, Masaki; Nakamura, Hideo 2003-03-01 Since the mid-1980s, Toyota Motor Corporation has applied CO2 lasers and YAG lasers to machine (welding, piercing, cutting, surface modifying etc.) automobile parts. In recent years diode lasers, which are excellent in terms of cost performance, are now available on the market as a new type of oscillator and are expected to bring about a new age in laser technology. Two current problems with these lasers, however, are the lack of sufficient output and the difficulty in improving the focusing the beam, which is why it has not been easy to apply them to the machining of metal parts in the past. On the other hand, plastics can be joined with low energy because they have a lower melting point than metal and the rate of absorption of the laser is easy to control. Moreover, because the high degree of freedom in molding plastic parts results in many complex shapes that need to be welded, Toyota is looking into the use of diode lasers to weld plastic parts. This article will introduce the problems of plastics welding and the methods to solve them referring to actual examples. 11. Ruggedized microchannel-cooled laser diode array with self-aligned microlens Science.gov (United States) Freitas, Barry L.; Skidmore, Jay A. 2003-11-11 A microchannel-cooled, optically corrected, laser diode array is fabricated by mounting laser diode bars onto Si surfaces. This approach allows for the highest thermal impedance, in a ruggedized, low-cost assembly that includes passive microlens attachment without the need for lens frames. The microlensed laser diode array is usable in all solid-state laser systems that require efficient, directional, narrow bandwidth, high optical power density pump sources. 12. Diode Lasers used in Plastic Welding and Selective Laser Soldering - Applications and Products Science.gov (United States) Reinl, S. Aside from conventional welding methods, laser welding of plastics has established itself as a proven bonding method. The component-conserving and clean process offers numerous advantages and enables welding of sensitive assemblies in automotive, electronic, medical, human care, food packaging and consumer electronics markets. Diode lasers are established since years within plastic welding applications. Also, soft soldering using laser radiation is becoming more and more significant in the field of direct diode laser applications. Fast power controllability combined with a contactless temperature measurement to minimize thermal damage make the diode laser an ideal tool for this application. These advantages come in to full effect when soldering of increasingly small parts in temperature sensitive environments is necessary. 13. Laser diode pumped waveguide lasers in neodymium-doped BK-7 glass OpenAIRE Mwarania, E.K.; Chow, Y.T.; Reekie, L.; Wang, J.; Wilkinson, J.S. 1990-01-01 Ion-exchange in neodymium doped glasses has been used to fabricate waveguides which were optically pumped to realise lasers. The application of these layers as light sources in glass substrates will enhance the functionality of integrated optic systems in glass, allowing integration of active and passive devices. To obtain practical light sources, the neodymium-doped waveguides must be laser diode pumped to provide compact laser systems. Since the power available from a single stripe laser di... 14. Optical pumping of Rb by Ti:Sa laser and high-power laser diode Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Buchta, Zdeněk; Rychnovský, Jan; Lazar, Josef 2006-01-01 Roč. 8, č. 1 (2006), s. 350-354. ISSN 1454-4164 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA1065303; GA ČR GA102/04/2109 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20650511 Keywords : optical pumping * Ti:Sa laser * laser diode * emission linewidth * spectroscopy * laser frequency stabilization Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers Impact factor: 1.106, year: 2006 15. Frequency noise characterisation of narrow linewidth diode lasers Science.gov (United States) Turner, L. D.; Weber, K. P.; Hawthorn, C. J.; Scholten, R. E. 2002-01-01 We examine several approaches to laser frequency noise measurement in the frequency and time domains. Commonly employed methods such as optical frequency discrimination and the Allan variance are found to be complex, expensive, time-consuming, or incomplete. We describe a practical method of demodulating a laser beat note to measure a frequency noise spectrum, using a phase-locked loop frequency discriminator based on a single low-cost integrated circuit. This method measures the frequency noise spectrum of a laser directly and in detail and is insensitive to intensity fluctuations. The advantages of this scheme are demonstrated through measurement of the frequency noise spectrum for two external cavity diode lasers (ECDL), clearly distinguishing several common noise sources. These are isolated and removed, reducing the individual laser rms linewidth from 2 MHz to 450 kHz. The spectrum is used to calculate the Allan variance, which shows almost none of the important information. 16. Compact, efficient, scalable neodymium laser co-doped with activator ions and pumped by visible laser diodes Science.gov (United States) Scheps, Richard 1994-02-01 Efficient, low threshold laser emission from a laser crystal doped with chromium and neodymium ions is obtained when pumped by visible laser diodes in the range of 610 nm to 680 nm. A typical laser Cr,Nd:GSGG crystal having an extraordinarily broad absorption bandwidth allows high pump efficiencies when using visible laser diodes, particularly in comparison to the Nd:YAG laser. The broad absorption bandwidth tolerance of the Cr,Nd:GSGG crystal to the pumping wavelengths allows visible diode pumping of the neodymium transition without regard to the wavelength of the visible diodes. Longitudinal or end-pumping to take advantage of the emission properties of the visible laser diodes, a nearly hemispherical laser resonator configuration and other co-doped Cr,Nd laser host materials are disclosed. 17. High power, high efficiency diode pumped Raman fiber laser Science.gov (United States) Glick, Yaakov; Fromzel, Viktor; Zhang, Jun; Dahan, Asaf; Ter-Gabrielyan, Nikolay; Pattnaik, Radha K.; Dubinskii, Mark 2016-06-01 We demonstrate a high power high efficiency Raman fiber laser pumped directly by a laser diode module at 976 nm. 80 Watts of CW power were obtained at a wavelength of 1020 nm with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 53%. When working quasi-CW, at a duty cycle of 30%, 85 W of peak power was produced with an efficiency of 60%. A commercial graded-index (GRIN) core fiber acts as the Raman fiber in a power oscillator configuration, which includes spectral selection to prevent generation of the 2nd Stokes. In addition, significant brightness enhancement of the pump beam is attained due to the Raman gain distribution profile in the GRIN fiber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest power Raman fiber laser directly pumped by laser diodes, which also exhibits a record efficiency for such a laser. In addition, it is the highest power Raman fiber laser (regardless of pumping source) demonstrated based on a GRIN fiber. 18. Laser diode self-mixing technique for liquid velocimetry Science.gov (United States) Alexandrova, A.; Welsch, C. P. 2016-09-01 Using the self-mixing technique, or optical feedback interferometry, fluid velocity measurements of water seeded with titanium dioxide have been performed using a laser diode to measure the effect of the seeding particle concentration and also the pump speed of the flow. The velocimeter utilises commercially available laser diodes with a built-in photodiode for detection of the self-mixing effect. The device has demonstrated an accuracy better than 10% for liquid flow velocities up to 1.5 m/s with a concentration of scattering particles in the range of 0.8-0.03%. This is an improvement of one order of magnitude compared to previous experiments. The proposed velocimeter is to be developed further for application in gas-jet measurements. 19. Laser-diode-based joint transform correlator for fingerprint identification Science.gov (United States) Lal, Amit K.; Zang, De Yu; Millerd, James E. 1999-01-01 A laser-diode-based joint transform correlator (JTC) is reported here for the identification and discrimination of fingerprints. The system employs compact and inexpensive laser diodes as the light sources and a bacteriorhodopsin (BR) film in the Fourier plane, which can record the joint power spectrum without the need for expensive spatial light modulators or CCD cameras. The BR film also introduces nonlinearities in the Fourier plane which can improve JTC performance. In addition, real-time, all-optical programmable spatial filtering is demonstrated to improve the discrimination of the system. We present computer modeling and experimental results of this optical correlator, which shows excellent potential for the identification and discrimination of fingerprints. 20. Use of laser diodes in cavity ring-down spectroscopy Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Zare, R.N.; Paldus, B.A.; Ma, Y.; Xie, J. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States) 1997-12-31 We have demonstrated that cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), a highly sensitive absorption technique, is versatile enough to serve as a complete diagnostic for materials process control. In particular, we have used CRDS in the ultraviolet to determine the concentration profile of methyl radicals in a hot-filament diamond reactor; we have applied CRDS in the mid-infrared to detect 50 ppb of methane in a N{sub 2} environment; and, we have extended CRDS so that we can use continuous-wave diode laser sources. Using a laser diode at 810 nm, we were able to achieve a sensitivity of 2 x 10{sup -8} cm{sup -1}. Thus, CRDS can be used not only as an in situ diagnostic for investigating the chemistry of diamond film deposition, but it can also be used as a gas purity diagnostic for any chemical vapor deposition system. 1. Tunable diode laser spectroscopy as a technique for combustion diagnostics Science.gov (United States) Bolshov, M. A.; Kuritsyn, Yu. A.; Romanovskii, Yu. V. 2015-04-01 Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has become a proven method of rapid gas diagnostics. In the present review an overview of the state of the art of TDL-based sensors and their applications for measurements of temperature, pressure, and species concentrations of gas components in harsh environments is given. In particular, the contemporary tunable diode laser systems, various methods of absorption detection (direct absorption measurements, wavelength modulation based phase sensitive detection), and relevant algorithms for data processing that improve accuracy and accelerate the diagnostics cycle are discussed in detail. The paper demonstrates how the recent developments of these methods and algorithms made it possible to extend the functionality of TDLAS in the tomographic imaging of combustion processes. Some prominent examples of applications of TDL-based sensors in a wide range of practical combustion aggregates, including scramjet engines and facilities, internal combustion engines, pulse detonation combustors, and coal gasifiers, are given in the final part of the review. 2. ND laser with co-doped ion(s) pumped by visible laser diodes Science.gov (United States) Scheps, Richard 1993-04-01 The 1.06 microns Nd transition in a co-doped Cr,Nd:Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 (Cr,Nd:GSGG) gain element is obtained by diode pumping Cr(3+) at 670 run and produces efficient, low threshold laser operation. Although co-doped Cr,Nd:GSGG was developed for more efficient flashlamp pumping, it has the desirable property of having an extraordinarily broad absorption to allow for efficient diode pumping relative to the ND:YAG laser. The consequent broad bandwidth tolerance of the Cr,Nd:GSGG for the diode pumping radiation allows diode pumping of the 1.06 microns transition without regard to the wavelength of the visible diodes which has the potential for reducing the cost of the semiconductor pump and also demonstrates the extended versatility of these diodes which previously had been restricted to pump the Cr(3+) tunable vibronic lasers. CW and long pulse diode pumping provided pump power levels as high as 300 mW CW and 1 W pulsed. The lowest threshold power was measured at 938 micron W and the highest output power was obtained at 43 mW CW and 173 mW pulsed. The best slope efficiency obtained was 42.1%, 78% of the theoretical maximum. Loss measurements indicate a value of 0.4%/cm. 3. A laser-diode-pumped Nd:glass laser mode-locked, high power and single frequency performance OpenAIRE Hughes, D W; Phillips, M. W.; Barr, J.R.M.; Hanna, D.C. 1992-01-01 The authors report the performance of a laser-diode-pumped Nd:glass laser. Using the AM active mode-locking technique, pulses as short as 9 ps were obtained. The development of a high-power (415 mW), high-optical-slope-efficiency (32.4%) laser-diode-pumped Nd:glass laser using high-power, broad stripe laser diodes as the pump source is described. Single-frequency operation of the Nd:glass laser using an acoustooptic modulator to ensure unidirectional operation in a ring laser configuration wa... 4. The study of laser beam riding guided system based on 980nm diode laser Science.gov (United States) Qu, Zhou; Xu, Haifeng; Sui, Xin; Yang, Kun 2015-10-01 With the development of science and technology, precision-strike weapons has been considered to be important for winning victory in military field. Laser guidance is a major method to execute precision-strike in modern warfare. At present, the problems of primary stage of Laser guidance has been solved with endeavors of countries. Several technical aspects of laser-beam riding guided system have been mature, such as atmosphere penetration of laser beam, clutter inhibition on ground, laser irradiator, encoding and decoding of laser beam. Further, laser beam quality, equal output power and atmospheric transmission properties are qualified for warfare situation. Riding guidance instrument is a crucial element of Laser-beam riding guided system, and is also a vital element of airborne, vehicle-mounted and individual weapon. The optical system mainly consist of sighting module and laser-beam guided module. Photoelectric detector is the most important sensing device of seeker, and also the key to acquire the coordinate information of target space. Currently, in consideration of the 1.06 u m of wavelength applied in all the semi-active laser guided weapons systems, lithium drifting silicon photodiode which is sensitive to 1.06 u m of wavelength is used in photoelectric detector. Compared to Solid and gas laser, diode laser has many merits such as small volume, simple construction, light weight, long life, low lost and easy modulation. This article introduced the composition and operating principle of Laser-beam riding guided system based on 980 nm diode laser, and made a analysis of key technology; for instance, laser irradiator, modulating disk of component, laser zooming system. Through the use of laser diode, Laser-beam riding guided system is likely to have smaller shape and very light. 5. Activation of C-fiber nociceptors by low-power diode laser. Science.gov (United States) Azevedo, Eduardo; Silva, Andressa; Martins, Raquel; Andersen, Monica L; Tufik, Sergio; Manzano, Gilberto M 2016-03-01 Objective The evaluation of selective activation of C-fibers to record evoked potentials using the association of low-power diode laser (810 nm), tiny-area stimulation and skin-blackening. Method Laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) were obtained from 20 healthy young subjects. An aluminum plate with one thin hole was attached to the laser probe to provide tiny-area stimulation of the hand dorsum and the stimulated area was covered with black ink. Results The mean intensity used for eliciting the ultra-late laser-evoked potential (ULEP) was 70 ± 32 mW. All subjects showed a clear biphasic potential that comprised a negative peak (806 ± 61 ms) and a positive deflection (1033 ± 60 ms), corresponding to the ULEP related to C-fiber activation. Conclusion C-fiber-evoked responses can be obtained using a very low-power diode laser when stimulation is applied to tiny areas of darkened skin. This strategy offers a non-invasive and easy methodology that minimizes damage to the tissue. PMID:27050852 6. Activation of C-fiber nociceptors by low-power diode laser Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Eduardo Azevedo 2016-03-01 Full Text Available ABSTRACT Objective The evaluation of selective activation of C-fibers to record evoked potentials using the association of low-power diode laser (810 nm, tiny-area stimulation and skin-blackening. Method Laser-evoked potentials (LEPs were obtained from 20 healthy young subjects. An aluminum plate with one thin hole was attached to the laser probe to provide tiny-area stimulation of the hand dorsum and the stimulated area was covered with black ink. Results The mean intensity used for eliciting the ultra-late laser-evoked potential (ULEP was 70 ± 32 mW. All subjects showed a clear biphasic potential that comprised a negative peak (806 ± 61 ms and a positive deflection (1033 ± 60 ms, corresponding to the ULEP related to C-fiber activation. Conclusion C-fiber-evoked responses can be obtained using a very low-power diode laser when stimulation is applied to tiny areas of darkened skin. This strategy offers a non-invasive and easy methodology that minimizes damage to the tissue. 7. Improving Lifetime of Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays for Pumping 2-Micron Solid State Lasers Science.gov (United States) Amzajerdian, Farzin; Meadows, Byron L.; Baker, Nathaniel R.; Barnes, Bruce W.; Singh, Upendra N.; Kavaya, Michael J. 2007-01-01 Operating high power laser diode arrays in long pulse regime of about 1 msec, which is required for pumping 2-micron thulium and holmium-based lasers, greatly limits their useful lifetime. This paper describes performance of laser diode arrays operating in long pulse mode and presents experimental data on the active region temperature and pulse-to-pulse thermal cycling that are the primary cause of their premature failure and rapid degradation. This paper will then offer a viable approach for determining the optimum design and operational parameters leading to the maximum attainable lifetime. 8. Variable-area resonant tunnelling diodes using implanted gates International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A new fabrication technique is reported for variable-area resonant tunnelling diodes in which control is achieved by means of a reverse-biased, implanted pn junction surrounding the device. The characteristics of such devices are shown and interpreted. (author) 9. Optical pumping of rubidium atoms with tunable laser diodes International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A number of experiments on optical pumping of vapors of a mixture of rubidium isotopes is performed using diode lasers tunable in the vicinity of the D1-line. It is shown that the absorption spectrum of vapors changes drastically under laser irradiation tuned to certain components of the hyperfine structure of the D1-line. The absorption spectrum exhibits narrow peaks and holes related to the velocity-selective optical pumping and cross resonances. By using pulsed pumping across the magnetic field, Larmor oscillations of absorption are induced for a probe beam directed across the magnetic field 10. Monolithically integrated twin ring diode lasers for rotation sensing applications Science.gov (United States) Osiński, Marek; Cao, Hongjun; Liu, Chiyu; Eliseev, Petr G. 2006-02-01 Design, fabrication, and characterization of monolithically integrated ring diode lasers (RDLs) with relatively large size are reported. Fully functional optoelectronic integrated circuits containing integrated unidirectional RDLs, photodetectors, and coupling waveguides are demonstrated. Multiple switching of lasing direction is observed in RDL with quantum-well active regions, and an S-section or spiral absorbers are used to suppress directional switching and to obtain a more stable unidirectional operation. Unidirectionality of the RDL operation is greatly improved in lasers with quantum-dot active regions. 11. Transient transfection of mammalian cells using a violet diode laser Science.gov (United States) Torres-Mapa, Maria Leilani; Angus, Liselotte; Ploschner, Martin; Dholakia, Kishan; Gunn-Moore, Frank J. 2010-07-01 We demonstrate the first use of the violet diode laser for transient mammalian cell transfection. In contrast to previous studies, which showed the generation of stable cell lines over a few weeks, we develop a methodology to transiently transfect cells with an efficiency of up to ~40%. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells are exposed to a tightly focused 405-nm laser in the presence of plasmid DNA encoding for a mitochondrial targeted red fluorescent protein. We report transfection efficiencies as a function of laser power and exposure time for our system. We also show, for the first time, that a continuous wave laser source can be successfully applied to selective gene silencing experiments using small interfering RNA. This work is a major step towards an inexpensive and portable phototransfection system. 12. Investigating a Hypothetical Semiconductor Laser Bar Using a Laser Diode Simulation/Emulation Tool Using Random Levels of Defects Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) C.K. Amuzuvi 2014-02-01 Full Text Available In this study, Barlase, a semiconductor laser diode emulation tool, is used to emulate the by-emitter degradation of high power semiconductor laser diodes. Barlase is a software that uses a LabView control interface. We have demonstrated how Barlase works using a hypothetical laser diode bar (multiple emitters to validate the usefulness of the tool. A scenario using the hypothetical bar was investigated to demonstrate Barlase as follows: random low-level of defects distributed across the bar. The results of the simulation show the successful implementation of Barlase in the by-emitter analysis of laser diodes. 13. Polarization properties of laser-diode-pumped micro-grained Nd:YAG ceramic lasers OpenAIRE Otsuka, Kenju; Ohtomo, Takayuki 2008-01-01 Detailed polarization properties have been examined in laser-diode-pumped (LD-pumped) micro-grained ceramic Nd:YAG lasers in different microchip cavity configurations. Stable linearly-polarized single-frequency oscillations, whose polarization direction coincide with that of an LD pump light, were observed in an external cavity scheme. While, in the case of a thin-slice laser scheme with coated reflective ends, elliptically-polarized single-frequency operations took place in the low pump-powe... 14. Continuously tunable solution-processed organic semiconductor DFB lasers pumped by laser diode DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Klinkhammer, Sönke; Liu, Xin; Huska, Klaus; Shen, Yuxin; Vanderheiden, Sylvia; Valouch, Sebastian; Vannahme, Christoph; Bräse, Stefan; Mappes, Timo; Lemmer, Uli 2012-01-01 solutions on cm-scale surface gratings of different periods. We report optically pumped continuously tunable laser emission of 13 nm in the blue, 16 nm in the green and 19 nm in the red spectral region on a single chip respectively. Tuning behavior can be described with the Bragg-equation and the measured...... thickness profile. The laser threshold is low enough that inexpensive laser diodes can be used as pump sources.... 15. Simple mathematical model for designing laser diode focusing optics with a large numerical aperture Science.gov (United States) Sun, Haiyin 2014-10-01 A simple mathematical model is derived for conveniently designing laser diode focusing optics with a large numerical aperture. The astigmatism of laser diode beams and the lens truncation effects are considered in the model. The linearly polarized nature of laser diode beams is also included. Two design examples using this model are presented. Design results show that the lens truncation will increase the size of the focused spot and the value of the M2 factor, and the lens truncation caused a focal shift, which is not enough to correct laser diode beam astigmatism. 16. Research and Development of Laser Diode Based Instruments for Applications in Space Science.gov (United States) Krainak, Michael; Abshire, James; Cornwell, Donald; Dragic, Peter; Duerksen, Gary; Switzer, Gregg 1999-01-01 Laser diode technology continues to advance at a very rapid rate due to commercial applications such as telecommunications and data storage. The advantages of laser diodes include, wide diversity of wavelengths, high efficiency, small size and weight and high reliability. Semiconductor and fiber optical-amplifiers permit efficient, high power master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) transmitter systems. Laser diode systems which incorporate monolithic or discrete (fiber optic) gratings permit single frequency operation. We describe experimental and theoretical results of laser diode based instruments currently under development at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center including miniature lidars for measuring clouds and aerosols, water vapor and wind for Earth and planetary (Mars Lander) use. 17. High density, optically corrected, micro-channel cooled, v-groove monolithic laser diode array Science.gov (United States) Freitas, B.L. 1998-10-27 An optically corrected, micro-channel cooled, high density laser diode array achieves stacking pitches to 33 bars/cm by mounting laser diodes into V-shaped grooves. This design will deliver > 4kW/cm{sup 2} of directional pulsed laser power. This optically corrected, micro-channel cooled, high density laser is usable in all solid state laser systems which require efficient, directional, narrow bandwidth, high optical power density pump sources. 13 figs. 18. Diode-pumped high-average power femtosecond fiber laser systems OpenAIRE Fermann, M. E.; Galvanauskas, A.; Harter, D; Minelly, J. D.; Caplen, J.E.; Chen, Z.J.; Payne, D. N. 1996-01-01 The recent progress in femtosecond laser technology is currently driven by the prospect of fully diode pumped systems, which promise the eventual replacement of the well-established Ti:sapphire laser in the field of ultrafast optics. Apart from more traditional diode-pumped solid-state lasers, fiber-based systems have received an increasing amount of attention due to the uniquely compact assemblies possible with fiber lasers. However, to date fiber lasers have replaced Ti:sapphire-based syste... 19. Diode-pumped all-solid-state lasers and applications CERN Document Server Parsons-Karavassilis, D 2002-01-01 This thesis describes research carried out by the within the Physics Department at Imperial College that was aimed at developing novel all-solid-state laser sources and investigating potential applications of this technology. A description of the development, characterisation and application of a microjoule energy level, diode-pumped all-solid-state Cr:LiSGAF femtosecond oscillator and regenerative amplifier system is presented. The femtosecond oscillator was pumped by two commercially available laser diodes and produced an approx 80 MHz pulse train of variable pulse duration with approx 30 mW average output power and a tuning range of over approx 60 nm. This laser oscillator was used to seed a regenerative amplifier, resulting in adjustable repetition rate (single pulse to 20 kHz) approx 1 mu J picosecond pulses. These pulses were compressed to approx 150 fs using a double-pass twin-grating compressor. The amplifier's performance was investigated with respect to two different laser crystals and different pul... 20. Tunable laser diode system for noninvasive blood glucose measurements. Science.gov (United States) Olesberg, Jonathon T; Arnold, Mark A; Mermelstein, Carmen; Schmitz, Johannes; Wagner, Joachim 2005-12-01 Optical sensing of glucose would allow more frequent monitoring and tighter glucose control for people with diabetes. The key to a successful optical noninvasive measurement of glucose is the collection of an optical spectrum with a very high signal-to-noise ratio in a spectral region with significant glucose absorption. Unfortunately, the optical throughput of skin is low due to absorption and scattering. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a high-brightness tunable laser system for measurements in the 2.0-2.5 microm wavelength range. The system is based on a 2.3 microm wavelength, strained quantum-well laser diode incorporating GaInAsSb wells and AlGaAsSb barrier and cladding layers. Wavelength control is provided by coupling the laser diode to an external cavity that includes an acousto-optic tunable filter. Tuning ranges of greater than 110 nm have been obtained. Because the tunable filter has no moving parts, scans can be completed very quickly, typically in less than 10 ms. We describe the performance of the present laser system and avenues for extending the tuning range beyond 400 nm. PMID:16390586 1. Quasi-CW 110 kW AlGaAs laser diode array module for inertial fusion energy laser driver International Nuclear Information System (INIS) We have successfully demonstrated a large aperture 803 nm AlGaAs diode laser module as a pump source for a 1053 nm, 10 J output Nd: glass slab laser amplifier for diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) fusion driver. Detailed performance results of the laser diode module are presented, including bar package and stack configuration, and their thermal design and analysis. A sufficiently low thermal impedance of the stack was realized by combining backplane liquid cooling configuration with modular bar package architecture. Total peak power of 110 kW and electrical to optical conversion efficiently of 46% were obtained from the module consisting of a total of 1000 laser diode bars. A peak intensity of 2.6 kW/cm2 was accomplished across an emitting area of 418 mm x 10 mm. Currently, this laser diode array module with a large two-dimensional aperture is, to our knowledge, the only operational pump source for the high output energy DPSSL. (author) 2. In vitro study of the diode laser effect on artificial demineralized surface of human dental enamel International Nuclear Information System (INIS) In scientific literature there are many reports about fusion and resolidification of dental enamel after laser irradiation and their capability to generate surfaces with increased resistance to demineralization compared to non-irradiated areas. The use of high power diode laser on demineralized surfaces of human dental enamel is presented as a good alternative in caries prevention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphological changes produced by the use of one high power diode laser on human dental enamel surface after demineralization treatment with lactic acid, under chosen parameters. Fifteen samples of human dental molars were used and divided in four groups: control - demineralization treatment with lactic acid and no irradiation, and demineralization treatment with lactic acid followed of irradiation with 212,20 mJ/cm2, 282,84 mJ/cm2 and 325,38 mJ/cm2, respectively. The samples were irradiated with high power diode laser (808 nm) with a 300 μm diameter fiber optics. Black ink was used on enamel surface to enhance the superficial absorption. The samples were studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Modifications on the enamel surfaces were observed. Such modifications were characterized by melted and re-solidified region of the enamel. According with our results the best parameter was 2.0 W, presenting the most uniform surface. The use of high power diode laser as demonstrated in this study is able to promote melting and re-solidification on human dental enamel. (author) 3. Developments in laser joining and welding of plastics using high-power laser diodes Science.gov (United States) Hoult, Tony; Ong, Raymond 2002-02-01 Diode lasers are now being employed in industry for a range of applications, in particular they are starting to be used as alternatives to conventional techniques for thermal joining of plastics. This is being assisted by the use of improved reliability aluminum-free diodes and diode laser systems, partly due to a better understanding of failure mechanisms. The laser welding and related techniques are dependent on transmission of part of an infra-red beam through the upper layer of a joint and semi-quantitative assessment of this is required for specific applications. The technique is applicable not only to high average powers, but also to very low average power, in this regime delicate thin-walled components may be joined. Recent developments using derivatives of this technique have shown that a wide range of similar and dissimilar material combinations may be joined. 4. Study of a Nd3+:KGW crystal laser transversely pumped by laser diode bars International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A Nd3+:KGW crystal laser transversely pumped by laser diode bars is studied experimentally. The optimisation of the laser parameters provided the maximum slope efficiency of ∼50 % at 1.067 μm in the free running regime. Using the SRS self-conversion in a Nd3+: KWG laser, lasing was obtained in the eye-safe spectral region at 1.538 nm with the energy up to 5 mJ and a pulse repetition rate up to 20 Hz. (active media. lasers) 5. Wound treatment on a diabetic rat model by a 808 nm diode laser Science.gov (United States) Lau, Pik Suan; Bidin, Noriah; Krishnan, Ganesan; AnaybBaleg, Sana Mohammed; Marsin, Faridah M.; Sum, Mohamad Bin Md; Baktiar, Harzi; Nassir, Zaleha; Lian Chong, Pek; Hamid, Asmah 2015-07-01 This paper presents a study on the effect of laser irradiation on wound healing. 808 nm diode laser was employed to facilitate the healing of impaired wounds in experimental diabetes using a rat model. Diabetes was induced in male rats by a streptozotocin injection with a dose of 60 mg kg-1. The disease was verified via measurement of the blood glucose level, which was set having 20 mmol L-1 stability. The rats were randomly distributed into two groups; one served as a control group and the other group was treated with the laser. The power density of the laser used was 0.5 W cm-2 and the wounds were treated for 8 d with the contact time of one second daily. The energy density used was 0.5 J cm-2. The healing progress was recorded via a digital camera. The recorded images were then transferred into Inspector Matrox and image J programs for the accurate measurement of the healing area. The tissue details of the wound were studied through histology. The wound contraction rate of laser therapy group was found to be two times faster than control group. This indicates that the 808 nm diode laser can accelerate the wound healing process. 6. Programmable current source for diode lasers stabilized optical fiber International Nuclear Information System (INIS) In this paper, we present the electronic design of a programmable stabilized current source. User can access to the source through a password, which, it has a database with the current and voltage operating points. This source was successfully used as current source in laser diode in optical fiber sensors. Variations in the laser current were carried out by a monitoring system and a control of the Direct Current (DC), which flowing through a How land source with amplifier. The laser current can be stabilized with an error percent of ± 1 μA from the threshold current (Ith) to its maximum operation current (Imax) in DC mode. The proposed design is reliable, cheap, and its output signal of stabilized current has high quality. (Author) 7. Numerical simulations of a diode laser BPH treatment system Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Esch, V; London, R A; Papademetriou, S 1999-02-23 Numerical simulations are presented of the laser-tissue interaction of a diode laser system for treating benign prostate hyperplasia. The numerical model includes laser light transport, heat transport, cooling due to blood perfusion, thermal tissue damage, and enthalpy of tissue damage. Comparisons of the simulation results to clinical data are given. We report that a reasonable variation from a standard set of input data produces heating times which match those measured in the clinical trials. A general trend of decreasing damage volume with increasing heating time is described. We suggest that the patient-to- patient variability seen in the data can be explained by differences in fundamental biophysical properties such as the optical coefficients. Further work is identified, including the measurement and input to the model of several specific data parameters such as optical coefficients, blood perfusion cooling rate, and coagulation rates. 8. Performance comparisons of diode-pumped neodymium laser materials International Nuclear Information System (INIS) This paper reports the performance of several Nd3+ doped laser materials compared in a 1 watt diode-end-pumped configuration. The host materials included in this study were YVO4, YAG, BEL, Cr:GSGG, and LNA. Measurements were limited to laser performance on the 4F3/2--4I11/2 transition. The predictive quality of traditional modelling was examined by generating detailed theoretical performance curves for all the materials. The best theoretical fit to the data was obtained by using cross section values determined by the Birnbaum laser method and quantum efficiencies (QE) greater than 94% for all the materials except BEL and Cr:GSGG. The low QE for Cr:GSGG can be traced to excited state absorption into the Cr3+ bands. Uncertainty in the fit relates to the tradeoff between QE and loss. A performance comparison between coated and uncoated YAG suggests that surface losses contribute more than expected 9. Diode-pumped multilayer Yb:YAG composite ceramic laser International Nuclear Information System (INIS) All-ceramic multilayer composite ytterbium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Yb:YAG) laser gain medium with doping concentration distribution of 0-5-10-15-20-15-10-5-0 at.% Yb ions was successfully fabrication by the technique of tape casting and simple vacuum sintering process. Full dense microstructure is achieved, and excellent optical properties are gained. The obtained result shows that the optical transmittance of >80% is reached when the wavelength is larger than 500 nm. The emission cross section is 4.03×10-20 cm2 at the wavelength of 1030 nm. Continuous wave (CW) laser performance is further demonstrated when the sample is pumped by 940 nm fiber-coupler diode laser. The threshold absorbed pump power is 5.9 W, and the slope efficiency attains to 27% with transmission of output coupler of 6% 10. Spherical distribution structure of the semiconductor laser diode stack for pumping Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Zhao Tianzhuo; Yu Jin; Liu Yang; Zhang Xue; Ma Yunfeng; Fan Zhongwei, E-mail: fanzw@gklaser.com [Opto-Electronics System Department, The Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094 (China) 2011-09-15 A semiconductor laser diode stack is used for pumping and 8 semiconductor laser diode arrays of the stack are put on a sphere, and the output of every bar is specially off-axis compressed to realize high coupling efficiency. The output beam of this semiconductor laser diode stack is shaped by a hollow duct to the laser active medium. The efficiency of the hollow light pipe, which is used for semiconductor laser diode stack coupling, is analyzed by geometric optics and ray tracing. Geometric optics analysis diagnoses the reasons for coupling loss and guides the design of the structure. Ray tracing analyzes the relation between the structural parameters and the output characteristics of this pumping system, and guides parameter optimization. Simulation and analysis results show that putting the semiconductor laser diode arrays on a spherical surface can increase coupling efficiency, reduce the optimum duct length and improve the output energy field distribution. (semiconductor devices) 11. Spherical distribution structure of the semiconductor laser diode stack for pumping International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A semiconductor laser diode stack is used for pumping and 8 semiconductor laser diode arrays of the stack are put on a sphere, and the output of every bar is specially off-axis compressed to realize high coupling efficiency. The output beam of this semiconductor laser diode stack is shaped by a hollow duct to the laser active medium. The efficiency of the hollow light pipe, which is used for semiconductor laser diode stack coupling, is analyzed by geometric optics and ray tracing. Geometric optics analysis diagnoses the reasons for coupling loss and guides the design of the structure. Ray tracing analyzes the relation between the structural parameters and the output characteristics of this pumping system, and guides parameter optimization. Simulation and analysis results show that putting the semiconductor laser diode arrays on a spherical surface can increase coupling efficiency, reduce the optimum duct length and improve the output energy field distribution. (semiconductor devices) 12. Rectified diode response of a multimode quantum cascade laser integrated terahertz transceiver. Science.gov (United States) Dyer, Gregory C; Norquist, Christopher D; Cich, Michael J; Grine, Albert D; Fuller, Charles T; Reno, John L; Wanke, Michael C 2013-02-25 We characterized the DC transport response of a diode embedded in a THz quantum cascade laser as the laser current was changed. The overall response is described by parallel contributions from the rectification of the laser field due to the non-linearity of the diode I-V and from thermally activated transport. Sudden jumps in the diode response when the laser changes from single mode to multi-mode operation, with no corresponding jumps in output power, suggest that the coupling between the diode and laser field depends on the spatial distribution of internal fields. The results demonstrate conclusively that the internal laser field couples directly to the integrated diode. PMID:23481934 13. Treatment of Dentine Hypersensitivity by Diode Laser: A Clinical Study Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Romeo Umberto 2012-01-01 Full Text Available Introduction. Dentine hypersensitivity (DH is characterized by pain after stimuli that usually provoke no symptoms. This study compared the effectiveness of GaAlAs diode laser alone and with topical sodium fluoride gel (NaF. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 10 patients (8 F/2 M, age 25–60 and 115 teeth with DH assessed by air and tactile stimuli measured by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS. Teeth were randomly divided into G1 (34 teeth treated by 1.25% NaF; G2 (33 teeth lased at 0.5 W PW (T on 100 m and T off 100 ms, fluence 62.2 J/cm2 in defocused mode with a 320 μ fiber. Each tooth received three 1′ applications; G3 (48 teeth received NaF gel plus laser at same G2 parameters. NRS was checked at each control. Results. Significant pain reduction was showed. The NRS reduction percentages were calculated, and there was a concrete decrease of DH above all in G3 than G2 and G1. Conclusion. Diode laser is a useful device for DH treatment if used alone and mainly if used with NaF gel. 14. Blue diode laser: a new approach in oral surgery? Science.gov (United States) Fornaini, Carlo; Merigo, Elisabetta; Selleri, Stefano; Cucinotta, Annamaria 2016-02-01 The introduction of diode lasers in dentistry had several advantages, principally consisting on the reduced size, reduced cost and possibility to beam delivering by optical fibbers. Up today two diode wavelengths, 810 and 980 nm, were the most utilized in oral surgery but recently a new wavelength emitting in the blue had been proposed. The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the efficacy of five laser wavelengths (450, 532, 808, 1064 and 1340 nm) for the ablation of soft tissues. Specimens were surgically collected from the dorsal surface of four bovine tongues and irradiated by the five different wavelengths. Thermal increase was measured by two thermocouples, the first at a depth of 0.5 mm, and the second at a depth of 2 mm while initial and final surface temperatures were recorded by IR thermometer. The quality of the incision was histologically evaluated by a pathologist by giving a score from 0 to 5. The time necessary to perform the excision varied between 215 seconds (1340 nm, 5W) and 292 seconds (808 nm, 3W). Surface temperature increase was highest for 1340 nm, 5W and lowest for 405 nm, 4 W. The most significant deep temperature increase was recorded by 1340 nm, 5 W and the lowest by 450 nm, 2 W. The quality of incision was better and the thermal elevation lower in the specimens obtained with shortest laser wavelength (450 nm). 15. Comprehensive Welding of Thermoplastics by a Diode Laser Science.gov (United States) Sato, Kimitoshi; Saito, Takushi; Kurosaki, Yasuo This paper deals with a development of “comprehensive" laser welding of thermoplastics with versatility in color and shape of products. Overlap welding of thermoplastics is one of the features of application of diode lasers. Most of thermoplastics are transparent to diode lasers; therefore it is need to weld plastic article with colorant. The influence of absorptance and transmittance of overlapping colored plastics were studied. Various colored plastics with infrared-transparent pigments were tested as the welding material. The appropriate absorptance and transmittance of overlapping colored plastic were examined. The feasibility of the technique of welding of transparent plastics using infrared-absorbing layer was also investigated. The temperature distribution within the plastics was calculated by numerical simulation in order to estimate the validity of the proposing experimental systems. It was confirmed by the experiments that the 35μm film, which shows only 10% in absorptance is enough to weld a pair of transparent articles as infrared-absorbing layer. 16. Concept design of a laser diode pumped solid state laser system for a laser fusion reactor driver International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The potentiality of a laser diode pumped solid state laser system to drive a laser fusion reactor is described. The laser fusion reactor driver probably requires a few mega-joule output at the wavelength of 0.35 μm, a 10 percent overall efficiency, and a 10 hertz repetition frequency. Using laser diode pumping and a regenerative amplifier, the solid-state laser system is shown to have a sufficiently high efficiency (over 10 percent), long lifetime (over 3 years at 10 hertz operation), and a high repetition frequency (over 10 hertz) owing to its small thermal load to laser materials such as Nd:phosphate-glass, Nd:SiO2, Ho, Tm:YAG, and Tm:YAG. Future items to be developed with the system are also discussed. (author) 17. High-Power, High-Efficiency 1.907nm Diode Lasers Project Data.gov (United States) National Aeronautics and Space Administration — nLight developed high-power, high-efficiency laser diodes emitting at 1907nm for the pumping of solid-state lasers during the Phase I. The innovation brought to... 18. Challenges of high power diode-pumped lasers for fusion energy Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Bruno; Le; Garrec 2014-01-01 This paper reviews the different challenges that are encountered in the delivery of high power lasers as drivers for fusion energy.We will focus on diode-pumped solid-state lasers and we will highlight some of the main recent achievements when using ytterbium,cryogenic cooling and ceramic gain media.Apart from some existing fusion facilities and some military applications of diode-pumped solid-state lasers,we will show that diode-pumped solid-state lasers are scalable to inertial fusion energy(IFE)’s facility level and that the all-fiber laser scheme is very promising. 19. Sensitive detection of tunable diode laser absorption by polarization rotation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Results are presented demonstrating that diode laser absorption sensitivity can be increased by using the Faraday or Kerr effect to rotate the polarization of the source so that crossed polarizers can be used to reduce source noise. The Faraday effect is demonstrated using nitric oxide in a magnetic field, and the Kerr effect is demonstrated using methyl fluoride in an electric field. Some description of how absorption in an external field causes polarization rotation is presented as well as some conclusions on the types of molecules for which this technique is best suited 20. Edge-emitting diode lasers with narrow circular beam output Science.gov (United States) Wang, Lijie; Tong, Cunzhu; Zeng, Yugang; Ning, Yongqiang; Wang, Lijun 2015-05-01 We report near circular beam output from 808 nm edge-emitting diode lasers based on Bragg reflection waveguide design. Increasing quantum well number combined with reducing defect layer index and thickness was used to achieve high power output and extremely low vertical far field divergence. The TQW-BRLs achieve the lowest vertical divergence of 4.91° (full width at half maximum) and 9.8° (95% power). The maximum power of 4.6 W was achieved in the mounted DQW-BRL device under continuous-wave operation, being limited by thermal rollover. 1. Treatment of Dentine Hypersensitivity by Diode Laser: A Clinical Study OpenAIRE Romeo Umberto; Russo Claudia; Palaia Gaspare; Tenore Gianluca; Del Vecchio Alessandro 2012-01-01 Introduction. Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is characterized by pain after stimuli that usually provoke no symptoms. This study compared the effectiveness of GaAlAs diode laser alone and with topical sodium fluoride gel (NaF). Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 10 patients (8 F/2 M, age 25–60) and 115 teeth with DH assessed by air and tactile stimuli measured by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Teeth were randomly divided into G1 (34 teeth) treated by 1.25% NaF; G2 (33 teeth) lased ... 2. Diode-laser tomography for arcjet plume reconstruction International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Diode-laser absorption tomography is described with which the spatial temperature and the atomic number density distribution of a 3-kW class arcjet can be derived simultaneously by reconstruction of the absorption coefficient field of the arcjet's argon exhaust plume. One can perform various parameter measurements by charging the arcjet's mass-flow rates and discharge currents. The maximum temperature and atomic number density increase with the mass-flow rate and the discharge current. The trend for increase is not always found for a specific input power, although at a fixed mass-flow rate the power increases at that rate 3. A compact and robust diode laser system for atom interferometry on a sounding rocket OpenAIRE Schkolnik, V.; Hellmig, O.; Wenzlawski, A.; Grosse, J.; Kohfeldt, A.; Döringshoff, K.; Wicht, A.; Windpassinger, P.; Sengstock, K.; Braxmaier, C.; Krutzik, M.; Peters, A 2016-01-01 We present a diode laser system optimized for laser cooling and atom interferometry with ultra-cold rubidium atoms aboard sounding rockets as an important milestone towards space-borne quantum sensors. Design, assembly and qualification of the system, combing micro-integrated distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser modules and free space optical bench technology is presented in the context of the MAIUS (Matter-wave Interferometry in Microgravity) mission. This laser system, with a volume of 21... 4. Acute Suppurative Parotitis Treatment by Diode Laser Combined with ER:YAG Laser OpenAIRE Yu, Li-Ling; KE, Jyuhn H.; Wang, Hong Lan 2012-01-01 Background and aim: The diode laser combined with Er:YAG laser is a new treatment modality for acute sialadenitis. A 78-year-old woman with acute suppurative parotitis was treated by traditional probe to the duct orifice with oral antibiotics for 2 weeks. The symptoms and signs did not subside after treatment. The Er:YAG laser was used to reduce severe infection and inflammation and low level laser therapy (LLLT) was applied to relieve pain sensation during incision and drainage. Less scar fo... 5. Laser diode pumped high efficiency Yb:YAG crystalline fiber waveguide lasers Science.gov (United States) Mu, Xiaodong; Meissner, Stephanie; Meissner, Helmuth 2015-02-01 Single-clad and double-clad Yb:YAG crystalline fiber waveguides (CFWs) have been prepared with Adhesive-Free Bonding (AFB®) technology. By using a fiber coupled laser diode as pump source, a single-mode laser with near diffraction limited beam quality M2=1.02 has been demonstrated in a double-clad CFW. The laser output power and efficiency are 13.2 W and 34%, respectively. In a single-clad CFW, core pumping was used. The laser output has top-hat beam profile. An output power of 28 W and a slope efficiency of 78% have been achieved respectively. 6. Design windows of laser fusion power plants and conceptual design of laser-diode pumped slab laser International Nuclear Information System (INIS) An analysis of the design space available to laser fusion power plants has been carried out, in terms of design key parameters such as target gain, laser energy and laser repetition rate, the number of fusion react ion chambers, and plant size. The design windows of economically attractive laser fusion plants is identified with the constraints of key design parameters and the cost conditions. Especially, for achieving high repetition rate lasers, we have proposed and designed a diode-pumped solid-state laser driver which consists of water-cooled zig-zag path slab amplifiers. (author) 7. Experimental study of diode-laser induced thermocoagulation on hepatic tissue with scanner fiber tip Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) De-Fei Hong; Shu-You Peng; Song-Ying Li; Li-Min Tong 2003-01-01 AIM: To explore a safe, efficient, and cost-effective technique for local thermo-ablation of hepatic tumors.METHODS: The livers of 16 healthy rabbits were thermocoagulated by diode-laser with a hand-made scanner fiber tip, 6 w for 10 min. At the same time, the temperature was measured at 5 and 10 mm from the laser tip. Liver function 7 days post-thermocoagulation was compared to pre-thermocoagulation. Pathological changes were also studied 1 month after laser thermocoagulation.RESULTS: All the rabbits lived and the temperature of hepatic tissues at 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm from laser tip reached 96.39±3.97 ℃, 60.79±6.21℃, 46.10±4.58 ℃, respectively after 10 min thermocoagulation. There was no significant change in liver function. The hepatic thermocoagulated necrosis and the surrounding fibrosis was 26.0 mm in diameter. Light microscopy observation revealed no surviving cells in the coagulated area.CONCLUSION: Hepatic tissue can be locally ablated safely and effectively by diode-laser with scanner fiber tip, and this technique may be a new method to treat hepatic tumors. 8. High-efficiency diode-pumped femtosecond Yb:YAG ceramic laser DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Zhou, Binbin; Wei, Z.Y.; Zou, Y.W.; 2010-01-01 A highly efficient diode-end-pumped femtosecond Yb:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramic laser was demonstrated. Pumped by a 968 nm fiber-coupled diode laser, 1.9 W mode-locked output power at a repetition rate of 64.27 MHz was obtained with 3.5 W absorbed pump power, corresponding to a slope eff... 9. Isotope analysis of water by means of near-infrared dual-wavelength diode laser spectroscopy NARCIS (Netherlands) Gianfrani, L.; Gagliardi, G.; Burgel, M. van; Kerstel, E.R.Th.; Gianfrani, I.; Galgiardi, G. 2003-01-01 A novel diode laser spectrometer was developed using dual-wavelength multiplexing, ensuring ideal conditions for high-precision and simultaneous measurements of the H-2/H-1, O-17/O-16, and O-18/O-16 isotope ratios in water. A 1.4-mum diode laser probed a (HOH)-O-16/(HOH)-H-2 line pair near 7198 cm(- 10. QUANTITATIVE DETECTION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPORTANT DYES USING DIODE LASER/FIBER-OPTIC RAMAN Science.gov (United States) A compact diode laser/fiber-optic Raman spectrometer is used for quantitative detection of environmentally important dyes. This system is based on diode laser excitation at 782 mm, fiber optic probe technology, an imaging spectrometer, and state-of-the-art scientific CCD camera. ... 11. In Vitro Study of Dentin Hypersensitivity Treated by 980-nm Diode Laser OpenAIRE 2013-01-01 Introduction: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of dentin irradiated with 980-nm diode laser under different parameters and to observe the morphological alterations of odontoblasts and pulp tissue to determine the safety parameters of 980-nm diode laser in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). 12. High-efficiency diode-pumped femtosecond Yb:YAG ceramic laser DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Zhou, Binbin; Wei, Z.Y.; Zou, Y.W.; Zhang, Y.D.; Zhong, X.; Bourdet, G.L.; Wang, J.L. 2010-01-01 A highly efficient diode-end-pumped femtosecond Yb:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramic laser was demonstrated. Pumped by a 968 nm fiber-coupled diode laser, 1.9 W mode-locked output power at a repetition rate of 64.27 MHz was obtained with 3.5 W absorbed pump power, corresponding to a slope... 13. Efficient laser performance of a cryogenic Yb:YAG laser pumped by fiber coupled 940 and 969 nm laser diodes International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Laser performance of Yb:YAG at different cryogenic temperatures pumped by a fiber coupled diode laser emitting at 940 and 969 nm were presented. The pump laser diode bandwidth, absorption bandwidth as well as absorption of the laser material at cryogenic temperatures play a vital role on laser performance. The laser threshold decreases and the output power and slope efficiency increase when cooled to cryogenic temperatures. (letter) 14. Efficient laser performance of a cryogenic Yb:YAG laser pumped by fiber coupled 940 and 969 nm laser diodes Science.gov (United States) Jambunathan, V.; Miura, T.; Těsnohlídková, L.; Lucianetti, A.; Mocek, T. 2015-01-01 Laser performance of Yb:YAG at different cryogenic temperatures pumped by a fiber coupled diode laser emitting at 940 and 969 nm were presented. The pump laser diode bandwidth, absorption bandwidth as well as absorption of the laser material at cryogenic temperatures play a vital role on laser performance. The laser threshold decreases and the output power and slope efficiency increase when cooled to cryogenic temperatures. 15. Investigating a Hypothetical Semiconductor Laser Bar with a Damaged Single Emitter Using a Laser Diode Simulation/Emulation Tool Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) C.K. Amuzuvi 2014-02-01 Full Text Available This study demonstrates the use of Barlase, a semiconductor laser diode emulation tool, to emulate the by-emitter degradation of high power semiconductor laser diodes.Barlase is software that uses a LabView control interface. In this study, a hypothetical laser diode bar (multiple emitters was used to investigate a damaged single emitter randomly located in the bar and its behavior analyzed within the bar. It should however, be noted that, this scenario is valid for devices at the start of the aging process only. When all other relevant effects that affect the performance of laser diodes bars are allowed to interact over time, high levels of defects can also play important role in the degradation process. The results of this simulation scenario show the successful implementation of Barlase in the by-emitter analysis of laser diodes. 16. Portable multiwavelength laser diode source for handheld photoacoustic devices Science.gov (United States) Canal, Celine; Laugustin, Arnaud; Kohl, Andreas; Rabot, Olivier 2016-04-01 The ageing population faces today an increase of chronic diseases such as rheumatism/arthritis, cancer and cardio vascular diseases for which appropriate treatments based on a diagnosis at an early-stage of the disease are required. Some imaging techniques are already available in order to get structural information. Within the non-invasive group, ultrasound images are common in these fields of medicine. However, there is a need for a point-of-care device for imaging smaller structures such as blood vessels that cannot be observed with purely ultrasound based devices. Photoacoustics proved to be an attractive candidate. This novel imaging technique combines pulsed laser light for excitation of tissues and an ultrasound transducer as a receptor. Introduction of this technique into the clinic requires to drastically shrink the size and cost of the expensive and bulky nanosecond lasers generally used for light emission. In that context, demonstration of ultra-short pulse emission with highly efficient laser diodes in the near-infrared range has been performed by Quantel, France. A multi-wavelength laser source as small as a hand emitted more than 1 mJ per wavelength with four different wavelengths available in pulses of about 90 ns. Such a laser source can be integrated into high sensitivity photoacoustic handheld systems due to their outstanding electrical-to-optical efficiency of about 25 %. Further work continues to decrease the pulse length as low as 40 ns while increasing the pulse energy to 2 mJ. 17. Near-infrared laser diodes in monitoring applications Science.gov (United States) Patonay, Gabor; Zen, Jyh-Myng; Czuppon, Tibor 1992-05-01 Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy has proven to be a valuable analytical tool for environmental and process monitoring. Several publications have addressed different spectroscopic applications related to process monitoring. Since most chemicals absorb in the UVIVis part of the spectrum, the majority of laser applications utilize this shorter wavelength region. Nevertheless, the utilization of the longer wavelength part of the electromagnetic spectrum may be advantageous due to its relatively low interference. The environmental and process monitoring applications of this spectral region may be especially advantageous if semiconductor lasers are utilized as light sources. Laser diodes have all the properties of other types of lasers with the added benefits of compactness, low power consumption, low cost and long lifetime. However, to utilize this spectral region for environmental or process monitoring applications, appropriate near-infrared (NIR) absorbing probe molecules need to be employed. These probes may be used to determine analytical properties important for environmental or process monitoring applications, e.g., pH, oxygen concentration, metal ion determinations, solvent hydrophobicity, just to mention a few. These NIR probes may be incorporated into polymers to form a stable probe arrangement for convenient monitoring using semiconductor lasers. The utility can be further enhanced using fiber optics. In this paper the use of MR absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring applications will be demonstrated. 18. Investigation of diode-laser pumped thulium-doped fluoride lasers; Investigacao de lasers de floureto dopados com tulio e bombeados por diodo-laser Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Matos, Paulo Sergio Fabris de 2006-07-01 Tunable lasers emitting around 2.3 mum region are important in many areas, like gas detection, remote sensing and medical applications. Thulium has a large emission spectra around 2.3 mum with demonstrated tuning range of 2.2-2.45 mum using the YLF host. For efficient pump absorption, a high concentration sensitizer like ytterbium can be used. We demonstrate quasi-cw operation of the Yb:Tm:YLF laser, pumped at 960 nm with a 20 W diode bar achieving the highest output power reported so far of 620 mW. Simultaneous pumping of the 2.3 mm Yb:Tm:YLF laser at 685 nm and 960 nm is demonstrated, showing higher slope efficiency than 960 nm alone. Numerical simulations and analytical models show the best ratio of pump power between both wavelengths. (author) 19. Gain lever characterization in monolithically integrated diode lasers Science.gov (United States) Pocha, Michael; Bond, Tiziana; Welty, Rebecca; Vernon, Stephen; Kallman, Jeffrey; Behymer, Elaine 2005-04-01 Gain Lever, an effect for enhancing amplitude modulation (AM) efficiency in multisection laser diodes1, has been characterized in InGaAs DQW edge emitting lasers that are integrated with passive waveguides. Specifically designed structures which give a range of split ratios from 1:1 to 9:1 have been fabricated and measured to fully characterize the parameter space for operation in the gain lever mode. Additionally the experimental results are compared to a hybrid 3-D simulation involving effective index method (EIM) reduction to 2-D. Gains greater than 6 dB in the AM efficiency can be achieved within the appropriate operating range, but this gain drops rapidly as the parameter range is exceeded. High speed RF modulation with significant gain is, in principle, possible if proper biasing and modulation conditions are used. This phenomenon can also be useful for high-speed digital information transmission. 20. High power visible diode laser for the treatment of eye diseases by laser coagulation Science.gov (United States) Heinrich, Arne; Hagen, Clemens; Harlander, Maximilian; Nussbaumer, Bernhard 2015-03-01 We present a high power visible diode laser enabling a low-cost treatment of eye diseases by laser coagulation, including the two leading causes of blindness worldwide (diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration) as well as retinopathy of prematurely born children, intraocular tumors and retinal detachment. Laser coagulation requires the exposure of the eye to visible laser light and relies on the high absorption of the retina. The need for treatment is constantly increasing, due to the demographic trend, the increasing average life expectancy and medical care demand in developing countries. The World Health Organization reacts to this demand with global programs like the VISION 2020 "The right to sight" and the following Universal Eye Health within their Global Action Plan (2014-2019). One major point is to motivate companies and research institutes to make eye treatment cheaper and easily accessible. Therefore it becomes capital providing the ophthalmology market with cost competitive, simple and reliable technologies. Our laser is based on the direct second harmonic generation of the light emitted from a tapered laser diode and has already shown reliable optical performance. All components are produced in wafer scale processes and the resulting strong economy of scale results in a price competitive laser. In a broader perspective the technology behind our laser has a huge potential in non-medical applications like welding, cutting, marking and finally laser-illuminated projection. 1. Tunable diode laser spectroscopy as a technique for combustion diagnostics Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bolshov, M.A., E-mail: bolshov@isan.troitsk.ru; Kuritsyn, Yu.A.; Romanovskii, Yu.V. 2015-04-01 Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has become a proven method of rapid gas diagnostics. In the present review an overview of the state of the art of TDL-based sensors and their applications for measurements of temperature, pressure, and species concentrations of gas components in harsh environments is given. In particular, the contemporary tunable diode laser systems, various methods of absorption detection (direct absorption measurements, wavelength modulation based phase sensitive detection), and relevant algorithms for data processing that improve accuracy and accelerate the diagnostics cycle are discussed in detail. The paper demonstrates how the recent developments of these methods and algorithms made it possible to extend the functionality of TDLAS in the tomographic imaging of combustion processes. Some prominent examples of applications of TDL-based sensors in a wide range of practical combustion aggregates, including scramjet engines and facilities, internal combustion engines, pulse detonation combustors, and coal gasifiers, are given in the final part of the review. - Highlights: • Overview of modern TDL-based sensors for combustion • TDL systems, methods of absorption detection and algorithms of data processing • Prominent examples of TDLAS diagnostics of the combustion facilities • Extension of the TDLAS on the tomographic imaging of combustion processes. 2. Tunable diode laser spectroscopy as a technique for combustion diagnostics International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has become a proven method of rapid gas diagnostics. In the present review an overview of the state of the art of TDL-based sensors and their applications for measurements of temperature, pressure, and species concentrations of gas components in harsh environments is given. In particular, the contemporary tunable diode laser systems, various methods of absorption detection (direct absorption measurements, wavelength modulation based phase sensitive detection), and relevant algorithms for data processing that improve accuracy and accelerate the diagnostics cycle are discussed in detail. The paper demonstrates how the recent developments of these methods and algorithms made it possible to extend the functionality of TDLAS in the tomographic imaging of combustion processes. Some prominent examples of applications of TDL-based sensors in a wide range of practical combustion aggregates, including scramjet engines and facilities, internal combustion engines, pulse detonation combustors, and coal gasifiers, are given in the final part of the review. - Highlights: • Overview of modern TDL-based sensors for combustion • TDL systems, methods of absorption detection and algorithms of data processing • Prominent examples of TDLAS diagnostics of the combustion facilities • Extension of the TDLAS on the tomographic imaging of combustion processes 3. Gas analysis of human exhalation by tunable diode laser spectroscopy Science.gov (United States) Stepanov, Eugene V.; Moskalenko, Konstantin L. 1993-02-01 Results of the application of a tunable diode laser (TDL) to determining the trace gas components of human exhalation are presented. The analyzer is specially developed to measure both carbon oxides (CO and CO2) in expired air. A few results illuminating possible applications of TDLs in high-sensitivity medical diagnostics have been obtained. For nonsmokers, expired concentrations of CO are slightly higher than those in inhaled air. The specific surplus value seems to be independent of the ambient atmospheric CO content. The surplus CO content increases by more than an order of magnitude just after intensive exercises, e.g., jogging. For smokers, the pharmacokinetic of abundant CO removal from the organism could be investigated by this technique, which provides quick and reliable measurements of smoking status. Breath-holding synchronous measurements of CO and CO2 in exhalation demonstrate behavior that is different with breath-holding time. The method seems useful for the investigation of phenomena such as molecular pulmonary diffusion through the alveolar-capillary membrane and an organism's adaptation to oxygen shortage. Prospects for the development and application of diode laser spectroscopy to trace gas analysis in medicine are also discussed. 4. Combining femtosecond laser ablation and diode laser welding in lamellar and endothelial corneal transplants Science.gov (United States) Pini, Roberto; Rossi, Francesca; Matteini, Paolo; Ratto, Fulvio; Menabuoni, Luca; Lenzetti, Ivo; Yoo, Sonia H.; Parel, Jean-Marie 2008-02-01 Based on our previous clinical experiences in minimally invasive diode laser-induced welding of corneal tissue in penetrating keratoplasty (PK), i.e. full-thickness transplant of the cornea, we combined this technique with the use of a femtosecond laser for applications in lamellar (LK) and endothelial (EK) keratoplasty. In LK, the femtosecond laser was used to prepare donor button and recipient corneal bed; the wound edges were stained with a water solution of Indocyanine Green (ICG) and then irradiated with a diode laser emitting in CW mode to induce stromal welding. Intraoperatory observations and follow-up results up to 6 months indicated the formation of a smooth stromal interface, total absence of edema as well as inflammation, and reduction of post-operative astigmatism, as compared with conventional suturing procedures. In EK the femtosecond laser was used for the preparation of a 100 μm thick, 8.5mm diameter donor corneal endothelium flap. The flap stromal side was stained with ICG. After stripping the recipient Descemet's membrane and endothelium, the donor flap was positioned in the anterior chamber on the inner face of the cornea by an air bubble and secured to the recipient cornea by diode laser pulses delivered by means of a fiberoptic contact probe introduced in the anterior chamber, which produced welding spots of 200 μm diameter. Femtosecond laser sculpturing of the donor cornea provided lamellar and endothelial flaps of preset and constant thickness. Diode laserinduced welding showed a unique potential to permanently secure the donor flap in place, avoiding postoperative displacement and inflammation reaction. 5. Numerical simulations of novel high-power high-brightness diode laser structures Science.gov (United States) Boucke, Konstantin; Rogg, Joseph; Kelemen, Marc T.; Poprawe, Reinhart; Weimann, Guenter 2001-07-01 One of the key topics in today's semiconductor laser development activities is to increase the brightness of high-power diode lasers. Although structures showing an increased brightness have been developed specific draw-backs of these structures lead to a still strong demand for investigation of alternative concepts. Especially for the investigation of basically novel structures easy-to-use and fast simulation tools are essential to avoid unnecessary, cost and time consuming experiments. A diode laser simulation tool based on finite difference representations of the Helmholtz equation in 'wide-angle' approximation and the carrier diffusion equation has been developed. An optimized numerical algorithm leads to short execution times of a few seconds per resonator round-trip on a standard PC. After each round-trip characteristics like optical output power, beam profile and beam parameters are calculated. A graphical user interface allows online monitoring of the simulation results. The simulation tool is used to investigate a novel high-power, high-brightness diode laser structure, the so-called 'Z-Structure'. In this structure an increased brightness is achieved by reducing the divergency angle of the beam by angular filtering: The round trip path of the beam is two times folded using internal total reflection at surfaces defined by a small index step in the semiconductor material, forming a stretched 'Z'. The sharp decrease of the reflectivity for angles of incidence above the angle of total reflection leads to a narrowing of the angular spectrum of the beam. The simulations of the 'Z-Structure' indicate an increase of the beam quality by a factor of five to ten compared to standard broad-area lasers. 6. Fiber optic coupling of a microlens conditioned, stacked semiconductor laser diode array Science.gov (United States) Beach, Raymond J.; Benett, William J.; Mills, Steven T. 1997-01-01 The output radiation from the two-dimensional aperture of a semiconductor laser diode array is efficiently coupled into an optical fiber. The two-dimensional aperture is formed by stacking individual laser diode bars on top of another in a "rack and stack" configuration. Coupling into the fiber is then accomplished using individual microlenses to condition the output radiation of the laser diode bars. A lens that matches the divergence properties and wavefront characteristics of the laser light to the fiber optic is used to focus this conditioned radiation into the fiber. 7. CO2 and diode laser welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Magnesium alloys are being increasingly used in automotive and aerospace structures. Laser welding is an important joining method in such applications. There are several kinds of industrial lasers available at present, including the conventional CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers as well as recently available high power diode lasers. A 1.5 kW diode laser and a 2 kW CO2 laser are used in the present study for the welding of AZ31 alloys. It is found that different welding modes exist, i.e., keyhole welding with the CO2 laser and conduction welding with both the CO2 and the diode lasers. This paper characterizes welds in both welding modes. The effect of beam spot size on the weld quality is analyzed. The laser processing parameters are optimized to obtain welds with minimum defects 8. Characterization of a commercially available large area, high detection efficiency single-photon avalanche diode CERN Document Server Stipčević, Mario; Ursin, Rupert 2013-01-01 We characterize a new commercial, back-illuminated reach-through silicon single-photon avalanche photo diode (SPAD) SAP500 (Laser Components. Inc.), operated in Geiger-mode for purpose of photon counting. We show that for this sensor a significant interplay exists between dark counts, detection efficiency, afterpulsing, excess voltage and operating temperature, sometimes requiring a careful optimization tailored for a specific application. We find that a large flat plateau of sensitive area of about 0.5 mm in diameter, a peak quantum efficiency of 73% at 560 nm and timing precision down to 150 ps FWHM are the main distinguishing characteristics of this SPAD. 9. Laser diode transmission welding of polypropylene: Geometrical and microstructure characterisation of weld International Nuclear Information System (INIS) This study concerns the welding of polypropylene with diode laser using the overlap joint method. The influence of process parameters, both the laser power (20-40 W) and the welding speed (3-6 mm/s) on the geometry and the microstructure of the weld zone were investigated. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of selected welding parameters on the seam geometry, defects and material crystallinity. The out coming results help with the choice of the welding parameters that can satisfy the demands of users and consumers with respect of good quality and safety of the process. Microscopic observations performed on the cross section of the joining area reveal that the increase of the laser power and the decrease of the scanning speed lead to a larger volume of the weld zone with a more important depth penetration. The geometry of the weld zone is elliptic. Microscopic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method shows that diode laser welding induces thermal degradation of the polypropylene by random chain scissions. An increase of the crystallinity along the cross section of the welding joint was observed with a maximum reached in the centre of the weld zone. Some process parameters produced the occurrence of a void due to the thermal decomposition and the vaporisation of the polypropylene. 10. Picosecond distributed feedback dye laser excited with diode-pumped solid-state micro laser International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The realization of a compact and highly stable tunable picosecond laser system based on a distributed feedback (DFB) dye laser and subnanosecond diode-pumped soild-state (DPSS) Nd-LSB micro laser (λ=531 nm) as the pump source is reported. It is shown that using an ethanol solution of Rhodamine 6G (C = 2*10-4 M) as an active medium (length of the excited zone L - 12 mm), a DFB laser, pumped as high as 2.25 times above the threshold by a micro laser, provides generation of single transform-limited picosecond pulses tunable in the spectral range of 543 - 604 nm. At energy stability of pump pulses of 0.4 percent (RMS) energy stability of the emitted by a DFB dye laser single picosecond pulses was not worse than 1 percent 11. Picosecond distributed feedback dye laser excited with diode-pumped solid-state micro laser International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The realization of a compact and highly stable tunable picosecond laser system based on a distributed feedback (DFB) dye laser and subnanosecond diode-pumped solid-state Nd-LSB micro laser as the pump source is reported. It is shown, that using an ethanol solution of Rhodamine 6G as an active medium, a DFB laser, pumped as high as 2.25 times above the threshold by a micro laser, provides generation of single transform-limited picosecond pulses tunable in the spectral range of 543-604 nm. At energy stability of pump pulses of energy stability of the emitted by a DFB dye laser single picosecond pulses was nor worse than 1 percent 12. Laser-diode pumped 40-W Yb:YAG ceramic laser. Science.gov (United States) Hao, Qiang; Li, Wenxue; Pan, Haifeng; Zhang, Xiaoyi; Jiang, Benxue; Pan, Yubai; Zeng, Heping 2009-09-28 We demonstrated a high-power continuous-wave (CW) polycrystalline Yb:YAG ceramic laser pumped by fiber-pigtailed laser diode at 968 nm with 400 mum fiber core. The Yb:YAG ceramic laser performance was compared for different Yb(3+) ion concentrations in the ceramics by using a conventional end-pump laser cavity consisting of two flat mirrors with output couplers of different transmissions. A CW laser output of 40 W average power with M(2) factor of 5.8 was obtained with 5 mol% Yb concentration under 120 W incident pump power. This is to the best of our knowledge the highest output power in end-pumped bulk Yb:YAG ceramic laser. PMID:19907559 13. Multi-kW cw fiber oscillator pumped by wavelength stabilized fiber coupled diode lasers Science.gov (United States) Becker, Frank; Neumann, Benjamin; Winkelmann, Lutz; Belke, Steffen; Ruppik, Stefan; Hefter, Ulrich; Köhler, Bernd; Wolf, Paul; Biesenbach, Jens 2013-02-01 High power Yb doped fiber laser sources are beside CO2- and disk lasers one of the working horses of industrial laser applications. Due to their inherently given robustness, scalability and high efficiency, fiber laser sources are best suited to fulfill the requirements of modern industrial laser applications in terms of power and beam quality. Pumping Yb doped single-mode fiber lasers at 976nm is very efficient. Thus, high power levels can be realized avoiding limiting nonlinear effects like SRS. However the absorption band of Yb doped glass around 976nm is very narrow. Therefore, one has to consider the wavelength shift of the diode lasers used for pumping. The output spectrum of passively cooled diode lasers is mainly defined by the applied current and by the heat sink temperature. Furthermore the overall emission line width of a high power pump source is dominated by the large number of needed diode laser emitters, each producing an individual spectrum. Even though it is possible to operate multi-kW cw single-mode fiber lasers with free running diode laser pumps, wavelength stabilizing techniques for diode lasers (e.g. volume holographic gratings, VHG) can be utilized in future fiber laser sources to increase the output power level while keeping the energy consumption constant. To clarify the benefits of wavelength stabilized diode lasers with integrated VHG for wavelength locking the performance of a dual side pumped fiber oscillator is discussed in this article. For comparison, different pumping configurations consisting of stabilized and free-running diode lasers are presented. 14. Polarization properties of laser-diode-pumped micro-grained Nd:YAG ceramic lasers CERN Document Server Otsuka, Kenju 2008-01-01 Detailed polarization properties have been examined in laser-diode-pumped (LD-pumped) micro-grained ceramic Nd:YAG lasers in different microchip cavity configurations. Stable linearly-polarized single-frequency oscillations, whose polarization direction coincides with that of an LD pump light, were observed in an external cavity scheme. While, in the case of a thin-slice laser scheme with coated reflective ends, elliptically-polarized single-frequency operations took place in the low pump-power regime and dynamic instabilities appeared, featuring self-induced antiphase modulations among counter-rotating circularly-polarized components belonging to the same longitudinal mode, with increasing the pump power 15. Investigation of laser diode face-pumped high average power heat capacity laser Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Shenjin Zhang; Shouhuan Zhou; Xiaojun Tang; Guojiang Bi; Huachang LV 2006-01-01 The three-dimensional (3D) pump intensity distribution in medium of the laser diode (LD) pumped highaverage power heat capacity laser is simulated by the ray tracing method, and the divergence characteristicsof fast axis and slow axis of LD are simultaneously considered. The transient 3D temperature and stressdistributions are also simulated by the finite element method (FEM) with considering the uneven heatsource distribution in medium. A LD face-pumped Nd:GGG heat capacity laser is designed. The averageoutput power is 1.49 kW with an optical-optical efficiency of 24.1%. 16. The Effect of Diode Laser With Different Parameters on Root Fracture During Irrigation Procedure. Science.gov (United States) Karataş, Ertuğrul; Arslan, Hakan; Topçuoğlu, Hüseyin Sinan; Yılmaz, Cenk Burak; Yeter, Kübra Yesildal; Ayrancı, Leyla Benan 2016-06-01 The aim of this study is to compare the effect of a single diode laser application and agitation of EDTA with diode laser with different parameters at different time intervals on root fracture. Ninety mandibular incisors were instrumented except the negative control group. The specimens were divided randomly into 10 groups according to final irrigation procedure: (G1) non-instrumented; (G2) distilled water; (G3) 15% EDTA; (G4) ultrasonically agitated EDTA; (G5) single 1.5W/100 Hz Diode laser; (G6) single 3W/100 Hz Diode laser; (G7) 1.5W/100 Hz Diode laser agitation of EDTA for 20 s; (G8) 1.5W/100 Hz Diode laser agitation of EDTA for 40 s; (G9) 3W/100 Hz Diode laser agitation of EDTA for 20 s; and (G10) 3W/100 Hz Diode laser agitation of EDTA for 40 s. The specimens were filled, mounted in acrylic resin, and compression strength test was performed on each specimen. Statistical analysis was carried out using one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (P = 0.05). The statistical analysis revealed that there were statistically significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). Laser-agitated irrigation with a 3W/100 Hz Diode laser for both 20 s and 40 s decreased the fracture resistance of teeth. PMID:26582280 17. An experimental study of low-frequency amplitude noise in a fibre Bragg grating laser diode International Nuclear Information System (INIS) We have studied the amplitude noise in a fibre Bragg grating laser diode. It has been shown that discontinuities in noise characteristics correlate with those in the power – current and spectral characteristics of the laser diode, whereas the noise characteristics of the pump source have no such discontinuities. The highest noise level has been observed at pump currents corresponding to concurrent generation of two longitudinal modes. (lasers) 18. Period-Doubling in 10 GHz Gain-Switched DFB Laser Diode Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WU Jian; QIU Ji-Fang; LIN Jin-Tong 2007-01-01 The distinct period doubling behaviour in a 10 GHz gain-switched (GS) DFB laser is experimentally investigatedin frequency domain and in time domain. The period doubling occurs as the frequency of the rf driving signal is close to or higher than the -3 dB cutoff frequency of the DFB laser diode, and the amplitude of the rf driving signal required to achieve period doubling increases linearly with the increasing bias current of the laser diode. 19. Direct diode lasers and their advantages for materials processing and other applications Science.gov (United States) Fritsche, Haro; Ferrario, Fabio; Koch, Ralf; Kruschke, Bastian; Pahl, Ulrich; Pflueger, Silke; Grohe, Andreas; Gries, Wolfgang; Eibl, Florian; Kohl, Stefanie; Dobler, Michael 2015-03-01 The brightness of diode lasers is improving continuously and has recently started to approach the level of some solid state lasers. The main technology drivers over the last decade were improvements of the diode laser output power and divergence, enhanced optical stacking techniques and system design, and most recently dense spectral combining. Power densities at the work piece exceed 1 MW/cm2 with commercially available industrial focus optics. These power densities are sufficient for cutting and welding as well as ablation. Single emitter based diode laser systems further offer the advantage of fast current modulation due their lower drive current compared to diode bars. Direct diode lasers may not be able to compete with other technologies as fiber or CO2-lasers in terms of maximum power or beam quality. But diode lasers offer a range of features that are not possible to implement in a classical laser. We present an overview of those features that will make the direct diode laser a very valuable addition in the near future, especially for the materials processing market. As the brightness of diode lasers is constantly improving, BPP of less than 5mm*mrad have been reported with multikW output power. Especially single emitter-based diode lasers further offer the advantage of very fast current modulation due to their low drive current and therefore low drive voltage. State of the art diode drivers are already demonstrated with pulse durations of new processes of cutting or welding and process control. Fast power modulation through direct current control allows pulses of several microseconds with hundreds of watts average power. Spot sizes of less than 100 μm are obtained at the work piece. Such a diode system allows materials processing with a pulse parameter range that is hardly addressed by any other laser system. High productivity material ablation with cost effective lasers is enabled. The wide variety of wavelengths, high brightness, fast power modulation 20. Directly diode-pumped femtosecond laser based on an Yb:KYW crystal Science.gov (United States) Kim, G. H.; Yang, J.; Lee, D. S.; Kulik, A. V.; Sall', E. G.; Chizhov, S. A.; Yashin, V. E.; Kang, U. 2012-01-01 Ultrashort pulse laser systems are widely used in many areas such as microprocessing of various materials, the generation of terahertz radiation, nonlinear optics, medical tomography, chemistry, and biology due to the high peak power and large spectral width. For a practical usage of the femtosecond lasers, they must be fairly compact and stable. These conditions are most fully met when laser media are used that allow direct pumping with the radiation from semiconductor injection lasers, which are more compact, reliable, and inexpensive than pumping with solid-state lasers. Since Ytterbium-doped crystals have a broad luminescence band for generating femtosecond pulses less than 500 fs wide, they are attractive as materials for lasers with direct diode pumping. Moreover, the position of the central luminescence wavelength of Yb:KGW and Yb:KYW crystals makes them promising priming sources of femtosecond pulses for amplifiers that operate at wavelengths close to 1 μm (Yb:KGW, Yb-glass, Nd-glass, Yb:YAG, etc.) We developed a femtosecond generator based on the Yb:KYW crystal with direct pumping by the radiation of a laser diode with fiber output of the pump radiation. The use of such pumping, as well as of chirped mirrors to compensate intracavity dispersion, made it possible to generate a continuous sequence of optical pulses 90 fs wide at a frequency of 87.8 MHz with a mean radiation power of more than 1 W. The product of the pulse width by the spectral width is close to the theoretical limit, and this indicates that there is no frequency modulation. 1. Transient surface modifications during singular heating events at diode laser facets Science.gov (United States) Hempel, Martin; Tomm, Jens W.; Bachmann, Alexander; Lauer, Christian; Furitsch, Michael; Strauß, Uwe; Elsaesser, Thomas 2016-05-01 Surface morphology changes and transient reflectance changes at diode laser facets are monitored during the catastrophic optical damage (COD) process in a single pulse operation. Time-resolved micro-reflectance spectroscopy with a streak-camera (time resolution ˜20 ns) allows us to observe the creation sequence of up to four distinct degradation seed points at a device facet within <300 ns. The shape of the COD seeds is created within <30-40 ns. Creation of non-planar facet areas by local melting represents the main mechanism behind the observed reflectivity changes. Subsequently the surface temperature decreases within the pulse which caused the COD. 2. Improved performance of high average power semiconductor arrays for applications in diode pumped solid state lasers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The average power performance capability of semiconductor diode laser arrays has improved dramatically over the past several years. These performance improvements, combined with cost reductions pursued by LLNL and others in the fabrication and packaging of diode lasers, have continued to reduce the price per average watt of laser diode radiation. Presently, we are at the point where the manufacturers of commercial high average power solid state laser systems used in material processing applications can now seriously consider the replacement of their flashlamp pumps with laser diode pump sources. Additionally, a low cost technique developed and demonstrated at LLNL for optically conditioning the output radiation of diode laser arrays has enabled a new and scalable average power diode-end-pumping architecture that can be simply implemented in diode pumped solid state laser systems (DPSSL's). This development allows the high average power DPSSL designer to look beyond the Nd ion for the first time. Along with high average power DPSSL's which are appropriate for material processing applications, low and intermediate average power DPSSL's are now realizable at low enough costs to be attractive for use in many medical, electronic, and lithographic applications 3. Ash characteristics in controlled diode laser pyrolysis of chlorinated rubber Science.gov (United States) Peligrad, A. A.; Schmidt, M. J. J.; Li, L.; Spencer, J. T. 2000-02-01 This paper describes the effects of 60 W High Power Diode Laser (HPDL) beams on the removal of chlorinated rubber (CR) paint from concrete surfaces and the ash particles generated from this process. The physical characteristics, including shape and size distribution of the removed and collected airborne CR particles, down to a size of around 1 μm in diameter, were determined using optical microscopy and image analysis. The shape of the particles observed was highly irregular, displaying no symmetry. The size distribution of the collected particles was found to range between 1-2000 μm, with the maximum concentration being found between 29 and 60 μm. The chemical characteristics of the CR ash particles were investigated by means of ESEM and EDX techniques. From a comparative analysis, it was found that the concentration of chlorine within the CR material was significantly reduced after HPDL treatment. This, together with DTA/TGA results indicated a combustive degradation of the CR polymer through the interaction with the process gas, oxygen, and the laser irradiation. Also, a strong correlation between laser power and average particle sizes has been found, with higher powers generally producing larger particle sizes. Opposite effects have been found by changing the oxygen flow rate, with higher oxygen flow producing, on average, smaller particles. An interpretation of the combustion process, as well as a brief discussion on operational safety and environmental impact of the products is attempted. 4. Aluminium surface treatment with ceramic phases using diode laser Science.gov (United States) Labisz, K.; Tański, T.; Brytan, Z.; Pakieła, W.; Wiśniowski, M. 2016-07-01 Ceramic particles powder feeding into surface layer of engineering metal alloy is a well-known and widely used technique. New approach into the topic is to obtain finely distributed nano-sized particles involved in the aluminium matrix using the traditional laser technology. In this paper are presented results of microstructure investigation of cast aluminium-silicon-copper alloys surface layer after heat treatment and alloying with ceramic carbides of WC and ZrO2 using high-power diode laser. The surface layer was specially prepared for the reason of reducing the reflectivity, which is the main problem in the up-to-date metal matrix composites production. With scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to determine the deformation process and distribution of WC and ZrO2 ceramic powder phase. Structure of the surface after laser treatment changes, revealing three zones—remelting zone, heat-affected zone and transition zone placed over the Al substrate. The structural changes of ceramic powder, its distribution and morphology as well as microstructure of the matrix material influence on functional properties, especially wear resistance and hardness of the achieved layer, were investigated. 5. AlGaInN laser diode technology for defence, security and sensing applications Science.gov (United States) Najda, Stephen P.; Perlin, Piotr; Suski, Tadek; Marona, Lucja; Boćkowski, Mike; Leszczyński, Mike; Wisniewski, Przemek; Czernecki, Robert; Kucharski, Robert; Targowski, Grzegorz; Watson, Scott; Kelly, Antony E. 2014-10-01 The latest developments in AlGaInN laser diode technology are reviewed for defence, security and sensing applications. The AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide range of wavelengths from u.v., i.e, 380nm, to the visible, i.e., 530nm, by tuning the indium content of the laser GaInN quantum well. Advantages of using Plasma assisted MBE (PAMBE) compared to more conventional MOCVD epitaxy to grow AlGaInN laser structures are highlighted. Ridge waveguide laser diode structures are fabricated to achieve single mode operation with optical powers of reported. High power operation of AlGaInN laser diodes is demonstrated with a single chip, AlGaInN laser diode mini-array' with a common p-contact configuration at powers up to 2.5W cw at 410nm. Low defectivity and highly uniform GaN substrates allow arrays and bars of nitride lasers to be fabricated. GaN laser bars of up to 5mm with 20 emitters, mounted in a CS mount package, give optical powers up to 4W cw at ~410nm with a common contact configuration. An alternative package configuration for AlGaInN laser arrays allows for each individual laser to be individually addressable allowing complex free-space and/or fibre optic system integration within a very small form-factor.or. 6. Laser-diode pumped Nd:GdVO4 ultraviolet laser with LBO frequency tripling Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WANG Yun; FAN Xiu-wei; PENG Qian-qian; LIU Jie; HE Jing-liang 2005-01-01 We have demonstrated a laser-diode pumped Nd:GdVO4 extra-cavity frequency tripling ultraviolet laser with a LBO crystal in this paper.Under the acousto-optic (A-O) Q-switched operation,we have obtained 355 nm ultraviolet laser,with pulse width of 25 ns and pulse repetition rate of 20 kHz.By using a type Ⅰ non-critical phase-matched LBO crystal,the SHG output power of 822 mW is achieved at the incident pump power of 16 W. The output power of 355nm UV laser is 260mW with a type Ⅱ phase-matched LBO crystal,and the conversion efficiency (1 064 nm-355 nm ) is 5.9 %.The power stability of 355 nm laser is 1.7% in 1 h. 7. Optical phase dynamics in mutually coupled diode laser systems exhibiting power synchronization Science.gov (United States) Pal, Vishwa; Prasad, Awadhesh; Ghosh, R. 2011-12-01 We probe the physical mechanism behind the known phenomenon of power synchronization of two diode lasers that are mutually coupled via their delayed optical fields. In a diode laser, the amplitude and the phase of the optical field are coupled by the so-called linewidth enhancement factor, α. In this work, we explore the role of optical phases of the electric fields in amplitude (and hence power) synchronization through α in such mutually delay-coupled diode laser systems. Our numerical results show that the synchronization of optical phases drives the powers of lasers to synchronized death regimes. We also find that as α varies for different diode lasers, the system goes through a sequence of in-phase amplitude-death states. Within the windows between successive amplitude-death regions, the cross-correlation between the field amplitudes exhibits a universal power-law behaviour with respect to α. 8. Optical phase dynamics in mutually coupled diode laser systems exhibiting power synchronization CERN Document Server Pal, Vishwa; Ghosh, R 2011-01-01 We probe the physical mechanism behind the known phenomenon of power synchronization of two diode lasers that are mutually coupled via their delayed optical fields. In a diode laser, the amplitude and the phase of the optical field are coupled by the so-called linewidth enhancement factor,\\alpha$. In this work, we explore the role of optical phases of the electric fields in amplitude (and hence power) synchronization through$\\alpha$in such mutually delay-coupled diode laser systems. Our numerical results show that the synchronization of optical phases drives the powers of lasers to synchronized death regimes. We also find that as$\\alpha$varies for different diode lasers, the system goes through a sequence of in-phase amplitude-death states. Within the windows between successive amplitude-death regions, the cross-correlation between the field amplitudes exhibits a universal power-law behaviour with respect to$\\alpha\$.

9. Optical phase dynamics in mutually coupled diode laser systems exhibiting power synchronization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We probe the physical mechanism behind the known phenomenon of power synchronization of two diode lasers that are mutually coupled via their delayed optical fields. In a diode laser, the amplitude and the phase of the optical field are coupled by the so-called linewidth enhancement factor, α. In this work, we explore the role of optical phases of the electric fields in amplitude (and hence power) synchronization through α in such mutually delay-coupled diode laser systems. Our numerical results show that the synchronization of optical phases drives the powers of lasers to synchronized death regimes. We also find that as α varies for different diode lasers, the system goes through a sequence of in-phase amplitude-death states. Within the windows between successive amplitude-death regions, the cross-correlation between the field amplitudes exhibits a universal power-law behaviour with respect to α.

10. Surgical performance of a 405-nm diode laser in treatment of soft tissue

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study was conducted to evaluate the surgical performance of a 405-nm diode laser ex vivo. The experiments were carried out using tuna tissue, which was irradiated with a 405-nm diode laser at output powers of 400 mW (694 W/cm2) to 1 W (1735 W/cm2) on a motorized stage moving at a rate of 1 mm/sec. As a control, a 920-nm diode laser was used with the same irradiation conditions. After irradiation, the thickness of ablation and coagulation was measured by stereoscopic microscopy and evaluated statistically. Ablation and coagulation zones were obtained with 405-nm laser irradiation, but not with irradiation at 920 nm. Ablation depth increased significantly with output power and a thick coagulation zone was observed with 405-nm irradiation. The 405-nm diode laser performed well for incising and coagulating soft tissue at a low power density

11. ACTIVE MEDIA. LASERS: Study of a Nd3+:KGW crystal laser transversely pumped by laser diode bars

Science.gov (United States)

Abazadze, Aleksandr Yu; Zverev, Georgii M.; Kolbatskov, Yurii M.; Ustimenko, N. S.

2004-01-01

A Nd3+:KGW crystal laser transversely pumped by laser diode bars is studied experimentally. The optimisation of the laser parameters provided the maximum slope efficiency of ~50 % at 1.067 μm in the free running regime. Using the SRS self-conversion in a Nd3+: KWG laser, lasing was obtained in the eye-safe spectral region at 1.538 nm with the energy up to 5 mJ and a pulse repetition rate up to 20 Hz.

12. Remote sensing of atmospheric trace gases by diode laser spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Jianguo; Kan, Ruifeng; He, Yabai; He, Ying; Zhang, Yujun; Xie, Pinhua; liu, Wenqing

2016-04-01

Gaseous ammonia is the most abundant alkaline trace gas in the atmosphere. In order to study its role in acid deposition and aerosol formation, as well as its influence on the regional air quality and atmospheric visibility, several instruments has been developed based on TDLAS (Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy) techniques. In this paper, a long open path TDLAS system and a continuous-wave CRDS (Cavity-Ring down Spectroscopy) system are presented. The long open path system has been developed for NH3 in-situ monitoring by combining wavelength modulation with harmonic detection techniques to obtain the necessary detection sensitivity. The prototype instrument has been used to monitor atmospheric NH3 concentration at an urban site near Beijing National Stadium during Beijing Olympics in 2008, and recently used to measure the fluxes of NH3 from farm fields by flux-gradient method. The detection limit for ammonia is proved approximately 3ppb for a total path length of 456m. The continuous-wave, rapidly swept CRDS system has been developed for localized atmospheric sensing of trace gases at remote sites. Passive open-path optical sensor units could be coupled by optical fiber over distances of >1 km to a single transmitter/receiver console incorporating a photodetector and a swept-frequency diode laser tuned to molecule-specific near-infrared wavelengths. A noise-limited minimum detectable mixing ratio of ~11 ppbv is attained for ammonia at atmospheric pressure. The developed instruments are deployable in agricultural, industrial, and natural atmospheric environments.

13. Optical bistability in erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal combined with a laser diode.

Science.gov (United States)

Maeda, Y

1994-01-10

Optical bistability was observed in a simple structure of an injection laser diode combined with an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal. Since a hysteresis characteristic exists in the relationship between the wavelength and the injection current of a laser diode, an optical memory function capable of holding the output status is confirmed. In addition, an optical signal inversion was caused by the decrease of transmission of the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal against the red shift (principally mode hopping) of the laser diode. It is suggested that the switching time of this phenomenon is the time necessary for a mode hopping by current injection. PMID:20862016

14. Computerized diode laser system for CO content investigation in human expiration

Science.gov (United States)

Kouznetsov, Andrian I.; Logachev, A. P.; Stepanov, Eugene V.

1990-07-01

First results of diode laser spectroscopy methods applications for diagnosing the gas content of expired air are presented. Carbon monoxide (CO) contents of expirations of a sportsman and a smoker were subjected to analysis by using a computerized diode laser system. In the first case there was detected a considerable growth of CO concentration after an intensive exercise. In the second one there were revealed and measured three time constants - characteristics of CO removal from the organism. Promising trends of development and applications of diode laser spectroscopy in medicine are at issue.

15. Comparison of laser diode response to pulsed electrical and radiative excitations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors have studied the electrical and optical response of two laser diodes under transient irradiation. Both diodes exhibit a positive photocurrent, which adds to the bias current, and a decrease of the optical power until extinction when dose rate is increased. Direct carrier generation in the laser cavity is a second order phenomena. The diode overall response is driven by both the substrate photocurrent and the transient conduction of current confinement regions, which decrease the net current density in the cavity and switches-off the laser emission. This behavior is in good agreement with pulsed electrical characterizations and 2D simulations

16. Diode laser for endodontic treatment: investigations of light distribution and disinfection efficiency

Science.gov (United States)

Stock, Karl; Graser, Rainer; Udart, Martin; Kienle, Alwin; Hibst, Raimund

2011-03-01

17. Wavelength beam combining of a 980-nm tapered diode laser bar in an external cavity

Science.gov (United States)

Vijayakumar, Deepak; Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Thestrup, Birgitte

2010-04-01

High power diode lasers are used in a large number of applications. A limiting factor for more widespread use of broad area lasers is the poor beam quality. Gain guided tapered diode lasers are ideal candidates for industrial applications that demands watt level output power with good beam quality. By adapting a bar geometry, the output power could be scaled even up to several tens of watts. Unfortunately, the high divergence which is a characteristic feature of the bar geometry could lead to a degradation of the overall beam quality of the laser bar. However, spectral beam combining is an effective solution for preserving the beam quality of the bar in the range of that of a single emitter and at the same time, enabling the power scaling. We report spectral beam combining applied to a 12 emitter tapered laser bar at 980 nm. The external cavity has been designed for a wavelength separation of 4.0 nm between the emitters. An output power of 9 W has been achieved at an operating current of 30 A. The combined beam had an M2 value (1/e2) of 5.3 along the slow axis which is comparable to that of a single tapered emitter on the laser bar. The overall beam combining efficiency was measured to be 63%. The output spectrum of the individual emitters was narrowed considerably. In the free running mode, the individual emitters displayed a broad spectrum of the order of 0.5-1.0 nm while the spectral width has been reduced to 30-100 pm in the spectral beam combining mode.

18. Investigation into the accuracy of a proposed laser diode based multilateration machine tool calibration system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Geometric and thermal calibration of CNC machine tools is required in modern machine shops with volumetric accuracy assessment becoming the standard machine tool qualification in many industries. Laser interferometry is a popular method of measuring the errors but this, and other alternatives, tend to be expensive, time consuming or both. This paper investigates the feasibility of using a laser diode based system that capitalises on the low cost nature of the diode to provide multiple laser sources for fast error measurement using multilateration. Laser diode module technology enables improved wavelength stability and spectral linewidth which are important factors for laser interferometry. With more than three laser sources, the set-up process can be greatly simplified while providing flexibility in the location of the laser sources improving the accuracy of the system

19. Visible Solid State Lasers

OpenAIRE

Hikmet, R.A.M.

2007-01-01

Diode lasers can be found in various applications most notably in optical communication and optical storage. Visible lasers were until recently were all based on IR diode lasers. Using GaN, directly blue and violet emitting lasers have also been introduced to the market mainly in the area of optical recording. However blue diode lasers can find many new applications especially in the area of lighting. This short report describes laser basics and applications of visible lasers.

20. Additive-pulse mode locking of a diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser

Science.gov (United States)

Malcolm, G. P. A.; Curley, P. F.; Ferguson, A. I.

1990-11-01

The passive self-starting technique of additive-pulse mode locking of a diode-laser pumped Nd:YLF laser was investigated. Pulses of 1.5-psec duration at a repetition rate of 123 MHz have been obtained, using only a single-mode optical fiber in an external feedback cavity to achieve pulse formation. The sech sq pulses are approximately transform limited and are believed to be the shortest that have been produced by a Nd:YLF laser. The laser was pumped by two 1-W laser-diode arrays and had usable output power of 20 mW, corresponding to a peak power of 108 W.

1. Diode laser gas nitriding of Ti6Al4V alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Lisiecki

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Purpose: To produce erosion wear resistant and high hardness surface layers of turbofan engine blades and steamturbine blades made of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V laser gas nitrating (LGN technology of laser alloying was selectedto produce titanium nitrides participations in the titanium alloy matrix surface layers.Design/methodology/approach: Studies on influence of the parameters of laser gas nitriding of titaniumalloy and partial pressure of nitrogen and argon in the gas mixture on the surface layers shape, penetration depth,microhardness, erosion wear resistance at different angles of erodent particles stream were conducted. The highpower diode laser HPDL with a rectangular laser beam of even multimode intensity on the beam spot was appliedin the laser gas nitriding process. Tests of erosion wear resistance were conducted according to the ASTM 76standard at velocity of the erodent particles stream 70 [m/s], at angles 90 [o] and also 30 [o].Findings: High quality surface layers of high hardness and erosion wear resistant were produced on the substrateof titanium alloy Ti6Al4V during Laser Gas Nitriding - LGN. Results of the study show that the erosion resistanceof laser nitrided surface layers is significantly higher compared with the base material of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V,and depends strongly on the inclination angle of the erodent particles stream.Research limitations/implications: Further investigations of internal stresses in the nitrided surface layersand the fatigue strength of extremely hard surface layers are required, because the fatigue strength is decisive forthe functional quality of the surface layers.Practical implications: The investigated technology of laser gas nitriding can be applied for increasing erosionwear resistance of surface layers of turbofan engine blades and steam turbine blades made of titanium alloy.Originality/value: Application of the rectangular diode laser beam spot of multimode and uniform intensity oflaser

2. Laser vaporization of extravasation type of mucocele of the lower lip with 940-nm diode laser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G Agarwal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A 43-year-old male presented with an asymptomatic swelling of the lower labial mucosa. Examination revealed that the tip of maxillary canine was causing trauma on the affected side. A diagnosis of extravasation type of mucocele was established clinically. Vaporization of the mucocele was done with a 940-nm diode laser in contact mode. The lesion healed uneventfully and there has been no recurrence for 3 months.

3. Antibacterial Effectiveness Of Low Energy Diode Laser Irradiation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Howida M. Sharaf *, Adel M. Elkhodary**, Ali E. Saafan***, Mostafa I. Mostafa

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Background: With the poor oral hygiene exhibited by patients with Down syndrome, the potential for a robust flora arises causing Periodontitis. Along with periodontal disease, the patient population has other medical conditions that limit treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of an 870-nm diode laser on periodontitis in patients with Down syndrome. Subjects & methods :Thirty five patients with Down syndrome suffering from periodontitis were included in this study and divided into two groups, Group I (25 patients laser was applied to one half of the mouth and the other half was considered as a control & Group II included (10 patients basic periodontal treatment was applied to evaluate the systemic effect of laser. Quantification of A. actinomycetemconcomitans, P. Gingivalis and Capnocytophaga were carried out using real-time PCR technique at baseline and at 2 weeks, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks post periodontal and laser treatment.Results: A. Actinmycetcomitans and P. gingivalis were the most common organisms found in the studied patients and Capnocytophaga was the least common organisms. In group I the quantitative results of A. actinomycetemconcomitans, P. Gingivalis at 2 weeks were significantly lower in both sides of mouth than that of baseline level.After 6 week, it was still significantly lower than that of the baseline in the right side of the mouth, but at 12 weeks no significant difference was observed in both sides. In group II, quantitative results of A. actinomycetemconcomitans, P. Gingivalis at 2 weeks were also significantly lower than that of baseline but not at 6 & at 12 weeks. As regards, Capnocytophaga there was no significant difference at baseline, at 2 weeks, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks post periodontal and laser treatment in both groups I & II.Conclusion, scaling and root planning plus laser therapy was better than scaling and root planning alone in the chosen patients and this

4. Compact and smart laser diode systems for cancer treatment

Science.gov (United States)

Svirin, Viatcheslav N.; Sokolov, Victor V.; Solovieva, Tatiana I.

2003-04-01

To win the cancer is one of the most important mankind task to be decided in III Millenium. New technology of treatment is to recognize and kill cancer cells with the laser light not by surgery operation, but by soft painless therapy. Even though from the beginning of the 80s of the last century this technology, so-called photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received acceptance in America, Europe and Asia it is still considered in the medical circles to be a new method with the little-known approaches of cancer treatment. Recently the next step was done, and the unique method of PDT combined with laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) was developed. Compact and smart diode laser apparatus "Modul-GF" for its realization was designed. In this report the concept of this method, experimental materials on clinical trials and ways of optimization of technical decisions and software of apparatus "Modul-GF", including the autotuning of laser power dependently on tissue temperature measured with thermosensors are discussed. The special instruments such as fiber cables and special sensors are described to permit application of "Modul-GF" for the treatment of the tumors of the different localizations, both surface and deeply located with using of the endoscopy method. The examples of the oncological and nononcological pathologies" treatment by the developed method and apparatus in urology, gynecology, gastroenterology, dermatology, cosmetology, bronchology, pulmonology are observed. The results of clinical approval the developed combination of PDT&LITT realized with "Modul-GF" leads to essentially increasing of the treatment effectiveness.

5. Diode laser pumped solid state laser. Part IV. ; Noise analysis. Handotai laser reiki kotai laser. 4. ; Noise kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakurai, H.; Seno, T.; Tanabe, Y. (Asahi Glass Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan))

1991-06-10

Concerning the second harmonic generation(SHG) of diode laser pumped solid state laser using a nonlinear optical material, the researches are carried out to pracitically apply to the optical pickup. Therefore, the reduction of output optical noise has become the important researching subject. The theoretical and experimental analyses of noise generating mechanism were carried out for the system in which Nd;YAG as the laser diode and KTP (KTiOPO {sub 4}) as the nonlinear optical crystal were used. The following findings for the noise generating mechanism could be obtained: The competitive interaction between the polarization modes was dominant noise mechanism in the high frequency range from 1 to 20MHz and the noise could be removed sufficiently by using the QWP(quarter wave plate). On the other hand, the noise observed in the low frequency range from 100 to 200kHz depended on the resonance length, agreed qualitatively with the theoretical analysis of the noise to the competitive longitudinal modes and agreed quantitatively with the noise generating frequency range. 10 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.

6. Laser Diode Pumped 1.54μm Er:Yb:Phosphate Glass Continuous Wave Compact Laser

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

孟凡臻; 宋峰; 张潮波; 丁欣; 商美茹; 张光寅

2003-01-01

We report a cw Er3+ :Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass laser pumped by a laser diode. The maximum output power of 78.3mW and a slope efficiency of 15.25% were achieved. The laser spectral region was from 1532nm to 1535nm, with the peak laser wavelength at 1534nm. The laser modes and time stability were also measured.The thermal effect had little influence on the output in our experiment.

7. Laser Diode Pumped 1342 nm Nd:YVO4 Slab Laser with a Compact Hybrid Resonator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An 880-nm laser-diode stack end-pumped cw 1342nm Nd:YVO4 slab laser with a compact positive confocal unstable-stable hybrid resonator is demonstrated. At absorbed pump power of 115 W, the output power 32.4 W is obtained. The slope efficiency and optical-to-optical conversion efficiency are 42% and 28.2%, respectively. At output power of 22 W, the stable direction M2 is 1.3 and the unstable direction M2 is 1.2

8. Transverse modes of a diode-laser pumped monolithic unidirectional non-planar ring laser

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Keying Wu(吴克瑛); Suhui Yang(杨苏辉); Guanghui Wei(魏光辉)

2003-01-01

Diode-laser pumped monolithic single-frequency non-planar ring laser has the advantages of compactness,reliability and high efficiency. But when the pump power is high enough, the thermal effect will be seriousand the high-order transverse modes will appear. Therefore the single-mode output power is limited. Inthis paper, the mechanism of generating the high-order transverse modes in the monolithic unidirectionalnon-planar ring cavity is analyzed using ray tracing method. The calculated results are in agreement withthe experiments.

9. A Kilowatt Diode-Pumped Solid-State Heat-Capacity Double-Slab Laser

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

GUO Ming-Xiu; LI Jin-Dong; FU Wen-Qiang; SHI Xiang-Chun; HU Qi-Quan; CHEN Wei-Biao

2006-01-01

@@ A kilowatt diode-pumped solid state heat capacity laser is fabricated with a double-slab Nd:YAG. Using the theoretical model of heat capacity laser output laser characteristics, the relationships between the output power,temperature and time are obtained.

10. AlGaInN laser diode technology and systems for defence and security applications

Science.gov (United States)

Najda, Stephen P.; Perlin, Piotr; Suski, Tadek; Marona, Lujca; Boćkowski, Mike; Leszczyński, Mike; Wisniewski, Przemek; Czernecki, Robert; Kucharski, Robert; Targowski, Grzegorz; Watson, Scott; Kelly, Antony E.

2015-10-01

AlGaInN laser diodes is an emerging technology for defence and security applications such as underwater communications and sensing, atomic clocks and quantum information. The AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide range of wavelengths from u.v., ~380nm, to the visible ~530nm, by tuning the indium content of the laser GaInN quantum well. Thus AlGaInN laser diode technology is a key enabler for the development of new disruptive system level applications in displays, telecom, defence and other industries. Ridge waveguide laser diodes are fabricated to achieve single mode operation with optical powers up to 100mW with the 400-440nm wavelength range with high reliability. Visible free-space and underwater communication at frequencies up to 2.5GHz is reported using a directly modulated 422nm GaN laser diode. Low defectivity and highly uniform GaN substrates allow arrays and bars to be fabricated. High power operation operation of AlGaInN laser bars with up to 20 emitters have been demonstrated at optical powers up to 4W in a CS package with common contact configuration. An alternative package configuration for AlGaInN laser arrays allows for each individual laser to be individually addressable allowing complex free-space or optical fibre system integration with a very small form-factor.

11. Laser-diode pumped glass-clad Ti:sapphire crystal fiber laser.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shih-Chang; Hsu, Chun-Yang; Yang, Tzu-Te; Jheng, Dong-Yo; Yang, Teng-I; Ho, Tuan-Shu; Huang, Sheng-Lung

2016-07-15

Efficient glass-clad crystal fiber (CF) lasers were demonstrated using a Ti:sapphire crystalline core as the gain medium. With a core diameter of 18 μm, the laser diode (LD) pump source can be effectively coupled and guided throughout the crystal fiber for a low threshold and high slope efficiency laser operation. The advantage of high heat dissipation efficiency of the fiber structure can be derived from the low core temperature rising measurement (i.e., 17 K/W) with passive cooling. At an output transmittance of 23%, the lowest absorbed threshold of 118.2 mW and highest slope efficiency of 29.6% were achieved, with linear laser polarization. PMID:27420499

12. Cr-doped solid state lasers pumped by visible laser diodes

Science.gov (United States)

Scheps, Richard

1992-01-01

Operation of Cr 3+-doped solid state lasers pumped by visible laser diodes is discussed, with performance of three of the highest efficiency devices reported in detail. Cr:LiCaAlF 6 (Cr:LiCAF), Cr:LiSrAlF 6 (Cr:LiSAF) and Cr,Nd: Gd 3Sc 2Ga 3O 12 (Cr,Nd: GSGG) have all demonstrated low threshold and high slope efficiency when pumped with diodide power as high as 1 W. Laser emission levels have approached 200 mW while slope efficiencies as high as 50% were measured. Optical characterization 3ata for each laser resonator are presented and prospects for near-term power scaling are discussed.

13. High-Power, High-Efficiency 1.907nm Diode Lasers Project

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — nLight proposes to develop high-power, high-efficiency laser diodes emitting at 1907nm. Performance is expected to improve from the current state-of-the-art...

14. Integration of a resonant tunneling diode and an optical communications laser

OpenAIRE

Slight, T.J.; Ironside, C. N.; Stanley, C.R.; Hopkinson, M.; Farmer, C.D.

2006-01-01

We report on the first integration of a resonant tunneling diode and an optical communications laser operating at around 1.5 /spl μm. We demonstrate its low-frequency bistable operation and model its electrical characteristics.

15. 100  J-level nanosecond pulsed diode pumped solid state laser.

Science.gov (United States)

Banerjee, Saumyabrata; Mason, Paul D; Ertel, Klaus; Jonathan Phillips, P; De Vido, Mariastefania; Chekhlov, Oleg; Divoky, Martin; Pilar, Jan; Smith, Jodie; Butcher, Thomas; Lintern, Andrew; Tomlinson, Steph; Shaikh, Waseem; Hooker, Chris; Lucianetti, Antonio; Hernandez-Gomez, Cristina; Mocek, Tomas; Edwards, Chris; Collier, John L

2016-05-01

We report on the successful demonstration of a 100 J-level, diode pumped solid state laser based on cryogenic gas cooled, multi-slab ceramic Yb:YAG amplifier technology. When operated at 175 K, the system delivered a pulse energy of 107 J at a 1 Hz repetition rate and 10 ns pulse duration, pumped by 506 J of diode energy at 940 nm, corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 21%. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest energy obtained from a nanosecond pulsed diode pumped solid state laser. This demonstration confirms the energy scalability of the diode pumped optical laser for experiments laser architecture. PMID:27128081

16. Removal of graffiti from quarry stone by high power diode laser

Science.gov (United States)

Penide, J.; Quintero, F.; Riveiro, A.; Sánchez-Castillo, A.; Comesaña, R.; del Val, J.; Lusquiños, F.; Pou, J.

2013-04-01

The integrity of architectural monuments in urban areas is threatened by numerous attacks, among which the graffiti is sometimes one of the most important. Particularly, Morelia's historic center (Mexico) (appointed World Heritage Site by UNESCO) suffers, for some years, a high number of graffiti. Most of these monuments in Morelia were built using a local stone called Pink Morelia Quarry. In this paper, we present the results of a study on the feasibility to remove the graffiti from Pink Morelia Quarry using a high power diode laser treatment. An extensive experimental analysis of the operating conditions has been carried out leading to successful results. The optimal parameters to achieve a total removal of graffiti have been determined. We concluded that continuous wave regime leads to better results than modulated wave regime, additionally, a two laser passes process demonstrated a high performance.

17. Ultra high brightness laser diode arrays for pumping of compact solid state lasers and direct applications

Science.gov (United States)

Kohl, Andreas; Fillardet, Thierry; Laugustin, Arnaud; Rabot, Olivier

2012-10-01

High Power Laser Diodes (HPLD) are increasingly used in different fields of applications such as Industry, Medicine and Defense. Our significant improvements of performances (especially in power and efficiency) and a reproducible manufacturing process have led to reliable, highly robust components. For defense and security applications these devices are used predominantly for pumping of solid state lasers (ranging, designation, countermeasures, and sensors). Due to the drastically falling price per watt they are more and more replacing flash lamps as pump sources. By collimating the laser beam even with a bar to bar pitch of only 400μm. cutting edge brightness of our stacks.is achieved Due the extremely high brightness and high power density these stacks are an enabling technology for the development of compact highly efficient portable solid state lasers for applications as telemeters and designators on small platforms such as small UAVs and handheld devices. In combination with beam homogenizing optics their compact size and high efficiency makes these devices perfectly suited as illuminators for portable active imaging systems. For gated active imaging systems a very short pulse at high PRF operation is required. For this application we have developed a diode driver board with an efficiency several times higher than that of a standard driver. As a consequence this laser source has very low power consumption and low waste heat dissipation. In combination with its compact size and the integrated beam homogenizing optics it is therefore ideally suited for use in portable gated active imaging systems. The kWatt peak power enables a range of several hundred meters. The devices described in this paper mostly operate at wavelength between 800 nm and 980nm. Results from diodes operating between 1300 nm and 1550 nm are presented as well.

18. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Blue Laser and Light Emitting Diodes (ISBLLED-2004)

Science.gov (United States)

Suh, Eun-Kyung; Yoon, Euijoon; Lee, Hyung Jae

2004-09-01

The 5th International Symposium on Blue Laser and Light Emitting Diodes (ISBLLED-2004) was held in Gyeongju, Korea, 15-19 March 2004. The purpose of the symposium was to provide a forum for scientists and engineers to discuss recent progress and future trends in the rapidly advancing wide band gap semiconductor science and technologies and their applications in blue laser and light emitting diodes.

19. Outcomes of diode laser photocoagulation for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity

OpenAIRE

Arvas, Sema; Akar, Solmaz; Sarıcı, Ahmet; Uçar, Didar

2012-01-01

Aim: Agressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity is a special subtype of retinopathy of prematurity Accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment could prevent further ocular and visual morbidity In this study we aimed to evalute the outcomes of agressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity treated with diode laser photocoagulation Material and Method: Records of preterm infants who were diagnosed as agressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity and treated with diode laser photocoagulatio...

20. Enhanced Type-I Polarization-Entangled Photons Using CW-Diode Laser

Science.gov (United States)

Hegazi, Salem; Mansour, Mohy S.; El Nadi, Lotfia

2013-03-01

We used two type-I BBO crystals pumped by violet cw-diode laser of relatively wide bandwidth to produce entangled photons of considerable degree of purity. While diode laser serves the mobility and the low-cost of the entangled photons source, suitable temporal compensation is required in this case to recover the purity of the state. We studied also effect of tilting the two-crystal set on overlapping of the SPDC cones.

1. High-sensitivity sensor of gases based on IR tunable diode lasers for human exhalation monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Moskalenko, Konstantin L.; Nadezhdinskii, Alexander I.; Stepanov, Eugene V.

1991-06-01

Results on tunable diode laser spectroscopy applications in analysis of human expiration are presented. Carbon monoxide concentrations in exhaled air of several non-smoking adults were measured with high sensitivity. Obtained CO contents slightly exceed atmosphere level and correlate with it. Simultaneous measurements of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were carried out using single diode laser generated at 4.7 microns. Dependences of their concentration in exhaled air on breath-holding time were investigated.

2. High-efficiency diode-pumped femtosecond Yb:YAG ceramic laser.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Binbin; Wei, Zhiyi; Zou, Yuwan; Zhang, Yongdong; Zhong, Xin; Bourdet, G L; Wang, Junli

2010-02-01

A highly efficient diode-end-pumped femtosecond Yb:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramic laser was demonstrated. Pumped by a 968 nm fiber-coupled diode laser, 1.9 W mode-locked output power at a repetition rate of 64.27 MHz was obtained with 3.5 W absorbed pump power, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 76%. Our measurement showed that the pulse duration was 418 fs with the central wavelength of 1048 nm. PMID:20125697

3. Selective nociceptor activation in volunteers by infrared diode laser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nemenov Mikhail I

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Two main classes of peripheral sensory neurons contribute to thermal pain sensitivity: the unmyelinated C fibers and thinly myelinated Aδ fibers. These two fiber types may differentially underlie different clinical pain states and distinctions in the efficacy of analgesic treatments. Methods of differentially testing C and Aδ thermal pain are widely used in animal experimentation, but these methods are not optimal for human volunteer and patient use. Thus, this project aimed to provide psychophysical and electrophysiological evidence that whether different protocols of infrared diode laser stimulation, which allows for direct activation of nociceptive terminals deep in the skin, could differentially activate Aδ or C fiber thermonociceptors in volunteers. Results Short (60 ms, high intensity laser pulses (SP evoked monomodal "pricking" pain which was not enhanced by topical capsaicin, whereas longer, lower power pulses (LP evoked monomodal "burning" pain which was enhanced by topical capsaicin. SP also produced cortical evoked EEG potentials consistent with Aδ mediation, the amplitude of which was directly correlated with pain intensity but was not affected by topical capsaicin. LP also produced a distinct evoked potential pattern the amplitude of which was also correlated with pain intensity, which was enhanced by topical capsaicin, and the latency of which could be used to estimate the conduction velocity of the mediating nociceptive fibers. Conclusions Psychophysical and electrophysiological data were consistent with the ability of short high intensity infrared laser pulses to selectively produce Aδ mediated pain and of longer pulses to selectively produce C fiber mediated thermal pain. Thus, the use of these or similar protocols may be useful in developing and testing novel therapeutics based on the differential molecular mechanisms underlying activation of the two fiber types (e.g., TRPV1, TRPV2, etc. In addition

4. Evaluation of the morphological alteration of the root surface radiated with a diode laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The diode laser has been studied for periodontal therapy, as much for removal of calculus as for microbial reduction of periodontal pockets, as well as the visible analgesic effects and biomodulation capacity. For this reason the purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological alteration of the root surface after radiation with the diode laser, 808 nm through analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides this, to verify the temperature variations caused during the radiation, a thermometer put into the dentinal wall of the root canal was used. In all, 18 teeth were used, 15 of which for the SEM study, and the other 3 were used to temperature variation analysis. The 25 samples were scraped on the root surface and planed with manual instruments. The other 5 were not subjected to any type of treatment. This, 6 groups of 5 samples each were formed. Control Group C whose samples had not received any treatment; Control Group C 1 was only scraped and polished conventionally with Hu-Friedy Gracey curettes 5 and 6; the other samples groups L1, L2, L3, L4 were radiated by diode laser using parameters of power 1,0 W; 1,2 W; 1,4 W; and 1,6 W respectively, 2 times for 10 seconds with 20 seconds intervals between each radiation in continuous mode. The results with relation to the increase of temperature in the interior of the root canal demonstrated that there was an increase of more than 5 degree Celsius. The results of the scanning electron microscope analysis of Control Group C demonstrated great irregularity and ridges on the root surface, with the presence of a dentine layer. Control Group C1 presented a similar aspect to Group L 1's, smoother and more homogeneous surface. Groups L2, L3, and L4 presented scratches alternating with smoother areas showing that fiber contacted the surface of the sample. The results reconfirmed the necessity of further studies using diode laser, with a beam of light emitted in an interrupted mode to improve the control of the

5. Design of diode-pumped solid-state laser applied in laser fuses

Science.gov (United States)

Deng, FangLin; Zhang, YiFei

2005-04-01

The function of laser fuzes which are parts of certain weapon systems is to control the blasting height of warheads. Commonly the battle environment these weapon systems are confronted with is very complicated and the tactical demand for them is very rigor, so laser fuzes equipped for them must fulfill some special technical requirements, such as high repetition rate, long ranging scope, etc. Lasers are one of key components which constitute fuze systems. Whether designed lasers are advanced and reasonable will determine whether laser fuzes can be applied in these weapon systems or not. So we adopt the novel technology of diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) to design lasers applied in fuzes. Nd:YVO4 crystal is accepted as gain material, which has wide absorption band and large absorption efficient for 808nm pumping laser. As warhead's temperature is usually very high, wider absorption band is beneficial to reduce the influence of temperature fluctuation. Passive Q-switching with Cr4+:YAG is used to reduce the power consumption farthest. Design the end-pumped microchip sandwich-architecture to decrease lasers' size and increase the reliability, further it's advantageous to produce short pulses and increase peak power of lasers. The designed DPSSL features small size and weight, high repetition rate and peak power, robustness, etc. The repetition rate is expected to reach 1 kHz; peak power will exceed 300 kW; pulse width is only 5 ns; and divergence angle of laser beams is less than 5 mrad. So DPSSL is suitable for laser fuzes as an emitter.

6. Laser assisted die bending: a new application of high power diode lasers

Science.gov (United States)

Schuöcker, D.; Schumi, T.; Spitzer, O.; Bammer, F.; Schuöcker, G.; Sperrer, G.

2015-02-01

Nowadays high power lasers are mainly used for cutting of sheet metals, for welding, hardening and rapid prototyping. In the forming of sheet metals as bending or deep drawing lasers are not used. Nevertheless a few years ago a new application of high power lasers has been invented, where bending of materials that break at room temperature becomes possible by heating them along the bending edge with high power lasers thus allowing their treatment without cracks and rupture. For this purpose a large number of diode lasers are arranged in the bottom tool of a bending machine (a V-shaped die) which heat up the initially flat sheet metal during the bending process what is performed by pressing it into the die with a knife shaped upper tool where due to the laser heating the material is softened and thus cracks are avoided. For the technical realization of the new process of laser assisted die bending, modules equipped with numerous laser diodes and a total beam power of 2,5 kW are used. The light emitted by these modules enters a tool with a length of 15cm and is deflected towards the workpiece. By using ten of these modules with adjacent dies and by integrating those in a bending press a bending edge of sheet metals with a length of 1500mm can be realized. Such a bending press with laser assistance also needs energization with a power of practically 50kW, a respective water flow, a heat exchanger system and also a control for all functions of this system. Special measures have also been developed to avoid radiating of those tools that are not covered by a workpiece in the case of bending edges shorter than the full length of the bending tools whereas individual short circuiting of diode modules can be performed. Specific measures to ensure a safe operation without any harm to the operational person have been realized. Exploitation of the bending process has been carried out for titanium, where material thicknesses up to 3mm have been bent successfully.

7. A tunable cavity-locked diode laser source for terahertz photomixing

OpenAIRE

Matsuura, Shuji; Chen, Pin; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Pearson, John C.; Pickett, Herbert M.

2000-01-01

An all solid-state approach to the precise frequency synthesis and control of widely tunable terahertz radiation by differencing continuous-wave diode lasers at 850 nm is reported in this paper. The difference frequency is synthesized by three fiber-coupled external-cavity laser diodes. Two of the lasers are Pound-Drever-Hall locked to different orders of a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity, and the third is offset-frequency locked to the second of the cavity-locked lasers using a tunable microwave osc...

8. Optical trapping with superfocused high-M2 laser diode beam

OpenAIRE

Sokolovskii, G. S.; Dudelev, V. V.; Melissinaki, V.; Losev, S. N.; Sobolev, K. K.; Deryagin, A. G.; Kuchinskii, V. I.; Farsari, M.; Sibbett, W.; Rafailov, E. U.

2015-01-01

Many applications of high-power laser diodes demand tight focusing. This is often not possible due to the multimode nature of semiconductor laser radiation possessing beam propagation parameter M2 values in double-digits. We propose a method of 'interference' superfocusing of high-M2 diode laser beams with a technique developed for the generation of Bessel beams based on the employment of an axicon fabricated on the tip of a 100 μm diameter optical fiber with highprecision direct laser writin...

9. The analytical investigation of temperature distribution in off-central diode-pumped lasers

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

P Ealhi; A Taghavi; A Gharaati

2008-04-01

The influence of displacement of the pump source with respect to the crystal center on the thermal behavior of the laser crystal is studied analytically. We consider the pump energy to be deposited into the pump region which has been slightly displaced with respect to the crystal center. An analytical expression for temperature distribution for such off-central diode-pumped laser is investigated. The results are then applied to the Nd :YAG and Nd :YVO4 laser crystals and compared with the conventional diode-pumped lasers. We showed that in this special case, the temperature distribution equation in the off-central pumping convert to the conventional central pump scheme.

10. DIAL monitoring of atmospheric climate-determining gases employing high-power pulsed laser diodes

Science.gov (United States)

Penchev, Stoyan P.; Naboko, Sergei V.; Naboko, Vassily N.; Pencheva, Vasilka H.; Donchev, T.; Pavlov, Lyubomir Y.; Simeonov, P.

2003-11-01

High-power pulsed laser diodes are employed for determining atmospheric humidity and methane. The proposed DIAL method optimizes the spectral properties of laser radiation within the molecular absorption bands of 0.86 - 0.9 μm of these major greenhouse gases. The explicit absorption spectrum is explored by computational convolution method based on reference data on spectral linestrengths modulated by the characteristic broad laser line of the selected laser diodes. The lidar scheme is ultimately compact, of low-energy consumption and suggests a large potential for ecological monitoring.

11. Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Natural Gas with Optical Feedback cw-Diode Lasers

OpenAIRE

Hippler, M

2015-01-01

We report on improvements made on our previously introduced technique of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) with optical feedback cw-diode lasers in the gas phase, including a new mode-matching procedure which keeps the laser in resonance with the optical cavity without inducing long-term frequency shifts of the laser, and using a new CCD camera with improved noise performance. With 10 mW of 636.2 nm diode laser excitation and 30 s integration time, cavity enhancement achieves noise-eq...

12. Design of a stacked diode array pumped Yb:YAG laser with a diffusive optical cavity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A stacked diode array pumped Yb:YAG laser is designed using a five-fold symmetric diffusive optical cavity. By using a ray-tracing method, we analyzed numerically the absorbed pump power distribution, the absorbed pump power, and the threshold power for the various radii of the laser crystal and the optical cavity, and the doping rates of the laser crystal. Based upon these analyses, we found that the design of a highly efficient diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser is possible with the five-fold symmetric diffusive optical cavity. TYhe optimum absorption efficiency was 59.2%

13. Spatial Combining of Laser-Diode Beams for Pumping an NPRO

Science.gov (United States)

Gelsinger, Paul; Liu, Duncan; Mulder, Jerry; Aguayo, Francisco

2008-01-01

A free-space optical beam combiner now undergoing development makes it possible to use the outputs of multiple multimode laser diodes to pump a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO) laser while ensuring that the laser operates at only a single desired frequency. Heretofore, a Nd:YAG NPRO like the present one has been pumped by a single multimode laser-diode beam delivered via an optical fiber. It would be desirable to use multiple pump laser diodes to increase reliability beyond that obtainable from a single pump laser diode. However, as explained in this article, simplistically coupling multiple multimode laser-diode beams through a fiber-optic combiner would entail a significant reduction in coupling efficiency, and lasing would occur at one or more other frequencies in addition to the single desired frequency. To minimize coupling loss, one must ensure that the NA (approximately equal to 0.3) of the combined laser-diode beams is less than the NA of the fiber. The A(Omega) of the laser-diode beam in the slow-axis plane is 1/1.3 as large as that of the fiber. This A(Omega) is small enough to enable efficient coupling of light into the optical fiber, but too large for combining of beams in the slow-axis plane. Therefore, a pair of cylindrical lenses is used to cancel the slow-axis plane magnification introduced by the on-cylindrical lenses used to effect magnification in the fast-axis plane.

14. A low-temperature external cavity diode laser for broad wavelength tuning

CERN Document Server

Tobias, William G; Hutzler, Nicholas R; Ni, Kang-Kuen

2016-01-01

We report on the design and characterization of a low-temperature external cavity diode laser (ECDL) system for broad wavelength tuning. The performance achieved with multiple diode models addresses the scarcity of commercial red laser diodes below 633 nm, which is a wavelength range relevant to spectroscopy of many molecules and ions. Using a combination of multiple-stage thermoelectric cooling and water cooling, the operating temperature of a laser diode is lowered to -64{\\deg}C, more than 85{\\deg}C below the ambient temperature. The laser system integrates temperature and diffraction grating feedback tunability for coarse and fine wavelength adjustments, respectively. For two different diode models, single-mode operation was achieved with 38 mW output power at 616.8 nm and 69 mW at 622.6 nm, more than 15 nm below their ambient temperature free-running wavelengths. The ECDL design can be used for diodes of any available wavelength, allowing individual diodes to be tuned continuously over tens of nanometers ...

15. Deflection of carbon dioxide laser and helium-neon laser beams in a long-pulse relativistic electron beam diode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deflection of carbon dioxide and helium-neon laser beams has been used to measure plasma and neutral density gradients during the operating mode and after the shorting time of a long-pulse field-emission electron beam diode. Plasma density gradients of (1014--1015) cm-4 were observed throughout the diode during the final microsecond of the 2--3 μs electron beam pulse. The neutral density gradient was less than 1x1018 cm-4 during the electron beam pulse. Upon diode shorting, neutral density gradients increased to (1018--1019) cm-4 over ∼1 μs, and decayed over many microseconds. Plasma density gradients of ∼1015 cm-4 were also observed after shorting. These experiments demonstrate the value of carbon-dioxide laser and helium-neon laser deflection for diagnosing plasma and neutral particles in long-pulse electron beam diodes

16. A Laser-Diode-Pumped Widely Tunable Single-Longitude-Mode Tm:YAP Laser at Room Temperature

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LI Yu-Feng; JU You-Lun; YAO Bao-Quan; WANG Yue-Zhu; Sergii Ubizskii

2007-01-01

A laser-diode-pumped widely tunable single-longitude-mode Tm:YAP laser in 2μm eye-safe region is built. Continuous tunable range from 1899nm to 2025nm is achieved with the maximum laser output power of 225 m W at 1989nm. In addition, the Tm:YAP laser operating under multimode and single-mode conditions is discussed.

17. An investigation of laser oscillators and amplifiers using high-intensity diode-pumping

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Nicholas

1998-12-01

The work presented in this thesis is split into two related areas. The first area of research was the construction of high gain, high power, all-solid-state laser amplifiers for use in master oscillator, power amplifier (MOPA) systems. The second area was the operation of solid-state lasers on low gain transitions. The two areas are related by the fact that the primary aim in each was to maximise the available gain on a given laser transition. Two diode-pumped travelling wave amplifiers are described, both using Nd:YLF as the active medium, and both employed to amplify the output from a modelocked 1047nm Nd:YLF laser. The first amplifier was pumped by a 4W diode, and produced a small signal gain of 34. To suppress gain saturation in the amplifier, the input signal to the amplifier was formed into pulse trains of duration 10μs. The average gain achieved during these pulses was 20, giving rise to an average output power of 5W during the pulse. The amplifier output was subsequently frequency-doubled by a single pass through an LBO crystal. An average conversion efficiency of 57% was obtained, giving an average green power of 2.9W. The green output was subsequently used to pump both an OPO based on LBO, and a Ti:Sapphire laser. The second amplifier had a pump power of 28W. This produced a small-signal gain of 40 at 1047nm, and yielded 6W of amplified modelocked output on a cw basis rather than pulsed as in the first amplifier. The output from this amplifier was used to pump an OPO based on PPLN, and this was able to oscillate at a maximum wavelength of 6.2μm. The work on low gain lasers was addressed at the 1123nm transition in Nd:YAG. This has a cross-section ~15 times lower than at 1064nm. The pump source was a 7W diode-bar, and using this 1.7W of TEM00 output at 1123nm was obtained in a beam with an M2 of 1.1. This output was subsequently used as the pump for a Tm:ZBLAN fibre laser, which produced a maximum of 230mW of 480nm blue light. A second application

18. Polarization properties of laser-diode-pumped micro-grained Nd:YAG ceramic lasers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Detailed polarization properties have been examined in laser-diode-pumped (LD-pumped) micro-grained ceramic Nd:YAG lasers in different microchip cavity configurations. Stable linearly-polarized single-frequency oscillations, whose polarization direction coincides with that of an LD pump light, were observed in an external cavity scheme. In the case of a thin-slice laser scheme with coated reflective ends, elliptically-polarized single-frequency operations took place in the low pump-power regime and dynamic modal instability appeared with increasing the pump power, featuring self-induced antiphase modulations among counter-rotating circularly-polarized modes having slightly different frequencies, with the total output being stabilized

19. Space certification and qualification programs for laser diode modules on the NASA ICESat-2 Mission

Science.gov (United States)

Sawruk, Nicholas W.; Stephen, Mark A.; Bruce, Kevin; Eltringham, Thomas F.; Nash, Franklin R.; Piccirilli, Alfonso B.; Slusark, Walter J.; Hovis, Floyd E.

2013-09-01

A laser diode module (LDM) space certification and qualification program was developed for NASA's Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2, ICESat-2 mission. The ICESat-2 laser transmitter is a high performance diode-pumped solid state laser that requires high reliability, high efficiency and high brightness fiber coupled LDMs, capable of supporting a 27,000 hour mission life. The test centric LDM space certification and qualification programs consisted of several key phases including a technology plausibility study, laser diode and LDM pedigree reviews, environmental acceptance and qualification testing, and extensive life testing. The intent of the plausibility study was to analytically and experimentally demonstrate that a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) LDM design was capable of being space-certified. A pedigree review of the laser diode population was conducted to reject out-of-family laser diodes from the population. The laser diode pedigree review was a statistical analysis of several laser diode performance metrics (efficiency, operating current, etc.) with outliers being rejected. All LDMs underwent environmental acceptance testing including vibration, thermal cycling and an extended burn-in. The primary purpose of the acceptance testing was to highlight internal workmanship issues. The pedigree review of the acceptance tested LDMs was conducted to reject out-of-family LDMs in statistical analysis of several performance metrics (operating current, coupling efficiency, etc.). A sub-set of the flight-certified LDMs will be exposed to environmental qualification testing and will subsequently be tested to failure to determine the LDM capability. Multiple LDMs are being life tested under flight-like conditions and show no signs of degradation with run times of 22,000 hours, which is over 80% of the mission life. Details of the LDMs space certification and qualification programs are presented.

20. Multi-kW high-brightness fiber coupled diode laser based on two dimensional stacked tailored diode bars

Science.gov (United States)

Bayer, Andreas; Unger, Andreas; Köhler, Bernd; Küster, Matthias; Dürsch, Sascha; Kissel, Heiko; Irwin, David A.; Bodem, Christian; Plappert, Nora; Kersten, Maik; Biesenbach, Jens

2016-03-01

The demand for high brightness fiber coupled diode laser devices in the multi kW power region is mainly driven by industrial applications for materials processing, like brazing, cladding and metal welding, which require a beam quality better than 30 mm x mrad and power levels above 3kW. Reliability, modularity, and cost effectiveness are key factors for success in the market. We have developed a scalable and modular diode laser architecture that fulfills these requirements through use of a simple beam shaping concept based on two dimensional stacking of tailored diode bars mounted on specially designed, tap water cooled heat sinks. The base element of the concept is a tailored diode laser bar with an epitaxial and lateral structure designed such that the desired beam quality in slow-axis direction can be realized without using sophisticated beam shaping optics. The optical design concept is based on fast-axis collimator (FAC) and slow-axis collimator (SAC) lenses followed by only one additional focusing optic for efficient coupling into a 400 μm fiber with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.12. To fulfill the requirements of scalability and modularity, four tailored bars are populated on a reduced size, tap water cooled heat sink. The diodes on these building blocks are collimated simply via FAC and SAC. The building blocks can be stacked vertically resulting in a two-dimensional diode stack, which enables a compact design of the laser source with minimum beam path length. For a single wavelength, up to eight of these building blocks, implying a total of 32 tailored bars, can be stacked into a submodule, polarization multiplexed, and coupled into a 400 μm, 0.12NA fiber. Scalability into the multi kW region is realized by wavelength combining of replaceable submodules in the spectral range from 900 - 1100 nm. We present results of a laser source based on this architecture with an output power of more than 4 kW and a beam quality of 25 mm x mrad.

1. Uranium isotope ratio measurements using diode laser optogalvanic spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conventional methods for measuring isotope ratios are seldom amenable to field use. In particular, thermal ionization mass spectrometry, while a very accurate and precise technique for measuring isotope ratios, requires instrumentation that is typically too cumbersome for field use. As an alternative to the use of conventional mass spectrometers, the authors have been pursuing glow discharge atomization coupled with high resolution optogalvanic spectroscopy (OGS) for quantification of uranium isotope ratios. This approach has been considered by others, but the authors have focussed on demountable discharge cells for practical ratio measurements. Further, the authors wish to make use of diode lasers for excitation. A field instrument does not require the accuracy and precision of a laboratory mass spectrometer, but must be sensitive to changes in sample isotopic composition, be free from interferences, and have sufficient precision for a decision to be made about the fate of the field sample; i.e., does the sample warrant further laboratory analysis? The technique ideally should require a minimum of sample preparation, and should at the same time be amenable to a variety of sample types. The glow discharge meets these requirements

2. Refractive outcome in eyes with retinopathy of prematurity treated with cryotherapy or diode laser: 3 year follow up.

OpenAIRE

Knight-Nanan, D M; O'Keefe, M

1996-01-01

AIMS: To compare the refractive error 1 to 3 years after cryotherapy or diode laser treatment for threshold retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS: Twenty six infants treated with diode laser and 17 infants treated with cryotherapy underwent cycloplegic refraction during follow up. RESULTS: After 3 years of follow up, 94.1% of patients had myopia (right eye if bilateral) following cryotherapy and 45.5% of patients had myopia following diode laser treatment. The difference between the two proport...

3. Improvement of the hot work tool steel surface layers properties using a high power diode laser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Klimpel

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is focused on the X38CrMoV5-3 hot work tool steel surface layers properties using HPDL laser.Design/methodology/approach: The aim of this research paper is to present deposition technologies, investigation of structure and properties of the X38CrMoV5-3 hot work tool steel alloying with ceramic particles using high power diode laser HPDL. Selection of laser operating conditions is discussed, as well as beam face quality after remelting, hardness, micro hardness test, wear resistant, EDX, TEM and X-ray microanalysis results.Findings: The structure of the solidified material after the laser remelting is characterized by the diversified morphology connected with the multiple changes of the crystal growth direction from little dendrites to tiny equiaxed grains in the near-surface zone. The main axes of the dendrites are directed according to the heat abstraction directions on the border of the solid and liquid phases with the carbides’ clusters arranged according to the whirls caused by a convectional movement in the pool of the metallic liquid as well as partly unremelted conglomerates NbC, TaC, VC, WC and TiC as a melting material in the middle area of the remelted zone.Research limitations/implications: Laser technique features the especially promising tool for solving the contemporary surface engineering problems thanks to the physical properties of the laser beam, making it possible to focus precisely the delivered energy in the form of heat in the surface layer.Practical implications: Practical implications are: regeneration and manufacturing of various tools from the X38CrMoV5-3 hot-work tool steel.Originality/value: The laser treatment as a part of the new generation techniques applied in metal surface technology.

4. Comparison of Bare-Tip and Radial Fiber in Endovenous Laser Ablation with 1470 nm Diode Laser

OpenAIRE

Hirokawa, Masayuki; Kurihara, Nobuhisa

2014-01-01

Objective: Major side effects after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) are pain and bruising. The aim of this study was to compare outcome and side effects after EVLA for primary varicose veins with 1470 nm diode laser using bare-tip orradial fiber.

5. Injection locking of a low cost high power laser diode at 461 nm

CERN Document Server

Pagett, C J H; Teixeira, R C; Shiozaki, R F; Hemmerling, M; Courteille, Ph W

2016-01-01

Stable laser sources at 461 nm are important for optical cooling of strontium atoms. In most existing experiments this wavelength is obtained by frequency doubling infrared lasers, since blue laser diodes either have low power or large emission bandwidths. Here, we show that injecting less than 10 mW of monomode laser radiation into a blue multimode 500 mW high power laser diode is capable of slaving at least 50% of the power to the desired frequency. We verify the emission bandwidth reduction by saturation spectroscopy on a strontium gas cell and by direct beating of the slave with the master laser. We also demonstrate that the laser can efficiently be used within the Zeeman slower for optical cooling of a strontium atomic beam.

6. Injection locking of a low cost high power laser diode at 461 nm

Science.gov (United States)

Pagett, C. J. H.; Moriya, P. H.; Celistrino Teixeira, R.; Shiozaki, R. F.; Hemmerling, M.; Courteille, Ph. W.

2016-05-01

Stable laser sources at 461 nm are important for optical cooling of strontium atoms. In most existing experiments, this wavelength is obtained by frequency doubling infrared lasers, since blue laser diodes either have low power or large emission bandwidths. Here, we show that injecting less than 10 mW of monomode laser radiation into a blue multimode 500 mW high power laser diode is capable of slaving at least 50% of the power to the desired frequency. We verify the emission bandwidth reduction by saturation spectroscopy on a strontium gas cell and by direct beating of the slave with the master laser. We also demonstrate that the laser can efficiently be used within the Zeeman slower for optical cooling of a strontium atomic beam.

7. Modulation Frequency Multiplexed Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy System for Simultaneous CO, CO2 Measurements

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

CHEN Dong; LIU Wen-Qing; ZHANG Yu-Jun; LIU Jian-Guo; WEI Qing-Nong; KAN Rui-Feng; WANG Min; CUI Yi-Ben; CHEN Jiu-Ying

2006-01-01

@@ A modulation frequency multiplexed dual diode-laser system is developed for simultaneous detection of the two most common fire gas products CO and CO2. Simultaneous detection is achieved by modulating each laser at different frequencies, demodulating the signal by a pair of lock-in amplifiers for each gas.

8. High-resolution spectroscopy using tunable diode lasers: techniques and applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Methods for generating tunable monochromatic infrared radiation are tabulated. Techniques used in tunable semiconductor diode laser spectroscopy are discussed. Spectra of SF6 and OsO4 are discussed, including references to photodissociation and laser isotope separation. 4 figures, 3 tables, 80 references

9. Evaluation of the Diode laser (810nm,980nm) on dentin tubule diameter following internal bleaching

Science.gov (United States)

Kiomarsi, Nazanin; Salim, Soheil; Sarraf, Pegah; Javad-Kharazifard, Mohammad

2016-01-01

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation and bleaching materials on the dentinal tubule diameter after laser bleaching. Material and Methods The dentin discs of 40 extracted third molar were used in this experiment. Each disc surface was divided into two halves by grooving. Half of samples were laser bleached at different wavelengths with two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Other half of each disc with no laser bleaching remained as a negative control. Dentin discs were assigned randomly into four groups (n=10) with following hydrogen peroxide and diode laser wavelength specifications; Group 1 (30% - 810 nm), group 2 (30% - 980 nm), group 3 (46% - 810 nm) and group 4 (46% - 980 nm). All specimens were sent for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis in order to measure tubular diameter in laser treated and control halves. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). Results A significant reduction in dentin tubule diameter was observed in groups 1, 2 and 4. There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 and between groups 3 and 4 after bleaching. Conclusions The SEM results showed that diode laser was able to reduce dentin tubule diameter and its effect on dentin was dependent on chemical action of bleaching material. Key words:Laser, diode, dentin, tubule, diameter. PMID:27398172

10. The LUCIA project: a high average power ytterbium diode pumped solid state laser chain

Science.gov (United States)

Bourdet, Gilbert L.; Chanteloup, Jean-Christophe; Fulop, A.; Julien, Y.; Migus, Arnold

2004-04-01

With the goal to set up a high average power Diode Pumped Solid State Laser (100 Joules/10 Hz/10 ns), the Laboratory for Use of Intense Laser (LULI) is now studying various solutions concerning the amplifier medium, the cooling, the pumping and the extraction architectures. In this paper, we present the last states of these developments and the solutions already chosen.

11. Bistable optical devices with laser diodes coupled to absorbers of narrow spectral bandwidth.

Science.gov (United States)

Maeda, Y

1994-06-20

An optical signal inverter was demonstrated with a combination of the following two effects: One is the decrease of the transmission of an Er-doped YAG crystal with increasing red shift of a laser diode resulting from an increase in the injection current, and the other is a negative nonlinear absorption in which the transmission decreases inversely with increasing laser intensity. Because a hysteresis characteristic exists in the relationship between the wavelength and the injection current of the laser diode, an optical bistability was observed in this system. PMID:20935754

12. A novel laser diode wavelength stabilisation technique for use in high resolution spectroscopy

OpenAIRE

Asmari, Abdullah Shah

2015-01-01

Tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) based gas sensors are widely used for trace gas detection for their high selectivity and sensitivity. The laser source used in TDLAS requires a narrow line width in the order of 10s of MHz, with a wavelength stability multiple orders lower than the molecular absorption line width, which is, for example, 4.1GHz (38pm) for an air broadened methane line. TDLAS requires the use of a laser diode with a long term wavelength stabili...

13. Phase measurement accuracy in digital holographic microscopy using a wavelength-stabilized laser diode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This work describes the influence of coherent illumination on phase measurement accuracy in digital holographic microscopy (DHM). To improve net phase accuracy in a DHM system, the phase referencing and temporal averaging techniques are applied simultaneously to suppress the phase noises caused by the laser source and image sensor. A comparison between a laser diode operated in single- and multi-modes is given to demonstrate the coherence effect on the fringe visibility and the reconstructed phase accuracy of digital holograms. Axial sub-nanometer accuracy in DHM with the fewest successive hologram recordings is performed using a wavelength-stabilized laser diode in single-mode operation. (paper)

14. Monitoring Temperature in High Enthalpy Arc-heated Plasma Flows using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Marcel Nations; Chang, Leyen S.; Jeffries, Jay B.; Hanson, Ronald K.; Nawaz, Anuscheh; Taunk, Jaswinder S.; Driver, David M.; Raiche, George

2013-01-01

A tunable diode laser sensor was designed for in situ monitoring of temperature in the arc heater of the NASA Ames IHF arcjet facility (60 MW). An external cavity diode laser was used to generate light at 777.2 nm and laser absorption used to monitor the population of electronically excited oxygen atoms in an air plasma flow. Under the assumption of thermochemical equilibrium, time-resolved temperature measurements were obtained on four lines-of-sight, which enabled evaluation of the temperature uniformity in the plasma column for different arcjet operating conditions.

15. Wavelength tunable, 264 J laser diode array for 10 Hz/1ms Yb:YAG pumping

Science.gov (United States)

Chanteloup, J.-C.; Albach, D.; Assémat, F.; Bahbah, S.; Bourdet, G.; Piatti, P.; Pluvinage, M.; Vincent, B.; LeTouzé, G.; Mattern, T.; Biesenbach, J.; Müntz, H.; Noeske, A.; Venohr, R.

2008-05-01

The Lucia [1,2] Laser program, under development at the LULI laboratory, aims at delivering a 1030 nm, 100J, 10 Hz, 10 ns pulse train. The two laser heads used in the amplification stage relies on water-cooled mm-thick Yb:YAG disks, each of them pumped by a 34×13 cm2 Laser Diode Array (LDA). For each LDA, the 88 QCW diodes stacks manufactured by DILAS GmbH will be tiled in an 8×11 arrangement. Fine wavelength tuning is performed through bias current adjustment, water temperature control and conductivity adjustment. Wavelength homogeneity experimental verification has been validated.

16. Isotope analysis of water by means of near-infrared dual-wavelength diode laser spectroscopy

OpenAIRE

Gianfrani, L.; Gagliardi, G.; Burgel, M. van; Kerstel, E.R.Th.; Gianfrani, I.; Galgiardi, G.

2003-01-01

A novel diode laser spectrometer was developed using dual-wavelength multiplexing, ensuring ideal conditions for high-precision and simultaneous measurements of the H-2/H-1, O-17/O-16, and O-18/O-16 isotope ratios in water. A 1.4-mum diode laser probed a (HOH)-O-16/(HOH)-H-2 line pair near 7198 cm(-1), while a similar laser observed (HOH)-O-16, (HOH)-O-17, and (HOH)-O-18 rovibrational lines around 7183 cm(-1), or a (HOH)-O-16/(HOH)-O-18 line pair near 7200 cm(-1). The 1-sigma standard deviati...

17. Open-path atmospheric transmission for a diode-pumped cesium laser.

Science.gov (United States)

Rice, Christopher A; Lott, Gordon E; Perram, Glen P

2012-12-01

A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy device was developed to study atmospheric propagation for emerging high-energy laser weapons. The cesium diode-pumped alkali laser operates near 895 nm in the vicinity of several water-vapor absorption lines. Temperature, pressure, and water vapor concentration were determined for 150 m and 1 km open paths with statistical errors of ∼0.2%. Comparison with meteorological instruments yields agreement for the 1 km path to within 0.6% for temperature, 3.7% for pressure, and 2.4% for concentration. PMID:23207380

18. Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode

Science.gov (United States)

Amzajerdian, Farzin; Meadows, Byron L.; Barnes, Bruce W.; Lockard, George E.; Singh, Upendra N.; Kavaya, Michael J.; Baker, Nathaniel R.

2006-01-01

Operating high power laser diode arrays in long pulse regime of about 1 msec, which is required for pumping 2-micron thulium and holmium-based lasers, greatly limits their useful lifetime. This paper describes performance of laser diode arrays operating in long pulse mode and presents experimental data of the active region temperature and pulse-to-pulse thermal cycling that are the primary cause of their premature failure and rapid degradation. This paper will then offer a viable approach for determining the optimum design and operational parameters leading to the maximum attainable lifetime.

19. Communication with diode laser: short distance line of sight communication using fiber optics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The objective of this project is to carry audio signal from transmitting station to a short distance receiving station along line of sight and also communication through fiber optics is performed, using diode laser light as carrier. In this project optical communication system, modulation techniques, basics of laser and causes of using diode laser are discussed briefly. Transmitter circuit and receiver circuit are fully described. Communication was performed using pulse width modulation technique. Optical fiber communication have many advantages over other type of conventional communication techniques. This report contains the description of optical fiber communication and compared with other communication systems. (author)

20. Wavelength tunable, 264 J laser diode array for 10 Hz/1ms Yb:YAG pumping

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chanteloup, J-C; Albach, D; Assemat, F; Bahbah, S; Bourdet, G; Piatti, P; Pluvinage, M; Vincent, B; Touze, G Le [LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau (France); Mattern, T; Biesenbach, J; Muentz, H; Noeske, A; Venohr, R [DILAS Diodenlaser GmbH, Galileo-Galilei-Str.10, 55129 Mainz (Germany)], E-mail: jean-christophe.chanteloup@polytechnique.fr

2008-05-15

The Lucia Laser program, under development at the LULI laboratory, aims at delivering a 1030 nm, 100J, 10 Hz, 10 ns pulse train. The two laser heads used in the amplification stage relies on water-cooled mm-thick Yb:YAG disks, each of them pumped by a 34x13 cm{sup 2} Laser Diode Array (LDA). For each LDA, the 88 QCW diodes stacks manufactured by DILAS GmbH will be tiled in an 8x11 arrangement. Fine wavelength tuning is performed through bias current adjustment, water temperature control and conductivity adjustment. Wavelength homogeneity experimental verification has been validated.

1. Wavelength tunable, 264 J laser diode array for 10 Hz/1ms Yb:YAG pumping

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Lucia Laser program, under development at the LULI laboratory, aims at delivering a 1030 nm, 100J, 10 Hz, 10 ns pulse train. The two laser heads used in the amplification stage relies on water-cooled mm-thick Yb:YAG disks, each of them pumped by a 34x13 cm2 Laser Diode Array (LDA). For each LDA, the 88 QCW diodes stacks manufactured by DILAS GmbH will be tiled in an 8x11 arrangement. Fine wavelength tuning is performed through bias current adjustment, water temperature control and conductivity adjustment. Wavelength homogeneity experimental verification has been validated

2. High-power diode-pumped passively mode-locked Yb:YAG lasers.

Science.gov (United States)

Aus der Au, J; Schaer, S F; Paschotta, R; Hönninger, C; Keller, U; Moser, M

1999-09-15

We obtained 74-kW peak power and 3.5-W average output power in 1-ps pulses from a diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm that was passively mode locked with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror. Another laser produced 57-kW peak power and as much as 8.1-W average output power in 2.2-ps pulses, split into two nearly diffraction-limited beams (M(2)powers from a diode-pumped mode-locked laser in this pulse-duration regime. PMID:18079780

3. Efficient laser performance of a cryogenic Yb:YAG laser pumped by fiber coupled 940 and 969 nm laser diodes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jambunathan, Venkatesan; Miura, Taisuke; Těsnohlídková, L.; Lucianetti, Antonio; Mocek, Tomáš

2015-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 1 (2015), "015002-1"-"015002-6". ISSN 1612-2011 R&D Projects: GA MŠk ED2.1.00/01.0027; GA MŠk EE2.3.20.0143; GA ČR GA14-01660S Grant ostatní: HILASE(XE) CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0027; OP VK 6(XE) CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0143 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : cryogenic lasers * absorption * bandwidth * emission cross-section * absorption cross-section * diode pumping Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers Impact factor: 2.458, year: 2014

4. Narrow linewidth operation of a spectral beam combined diode laser bar.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Zhanda; Jiang, Menghua; Cheng, Siqi; Hui, Yongling; Lei, Hong; Li, Qiang

2016-04-20

Our experiment is expected to provide an approach for realizing ultranarrow linewidth for a spectral beam combined diode laser bar. The beams of a diode laser bar are combined in a fast axis after a beam transformation system. With the help of relay optics and a transform lens with a long focal length of 1.5 m, the whole wavelength of a spectral combined laser bar can be narrowed down to 0.48 nm from more than 10 nm. We have achieved 56.7 W cw from a 19-element single bar with an M2 of 1.4  (in horizontal direction)×11.6  (in vertical direction). These parameters are good evidence that all the beams from the diode laser bar are combined together to increase the brightness. PMID:27140101

5. Diode laser 87Rb optical pumping in an evacuated wall-coated cell

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, W. K.; Robinson, H. G.; Johnson, C. E.

1984-01-01

The evacuated wall coated sealed cell coupled with diode laser optical pumping offers a number of attractive potential advantages for use in Rb or Cs atomic frequency standards. An investigation of systematic effects is required to explore possible limitations of the technique. The use of diode laser optical pumping of 87 Rb in an evacuated wall coated sealed cell is presented. Experimental results/discussion to be presented include the signal strength and line broadening of the 0 - 0 hyperfine resonance as a function of light intensity for the D1 optical transitions (F - F prime) - (2 1 prime) and (2 - 2 prime), shift of the 0 - 0 hyperfine frequency as a function of laser intensity and de-tuning from optical resonance, and diode laser frequency stabilization techniques.

6. Assessment of the bacteria reduction in the infected root canal irradiated with diode laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

point which width measured 1 mm, approximately. The maximum temperature variation was 7.45 deg C. Under electron microscope scanning, the control groups showed areas with smear layer covering the dentinal walls. The laser irradiated groups showed a smooth, uniform, clean appearance, with small areas of closed dentinal tubules without cracking alternately with areas of exposed open dentinal tubules. Some parts showed fusion of the dentinal mass (groups irradiated with 3 W). In groups where calcium hydroxide was associated with laser irradiation remains were found over the irradiated surface and, in many parts, the dentinal tubules could not be observed. The use of high intensity diode laser at 830 nm proved to be efficient and able to promote reduction in the Enterococcus faecalis population in the infected root canals. (author)

7. Diode laser surface modification of Ti6Al4V alloy to improve erosion wear resistance

OpenAIRE

A. Lisiecki; Klimpel, A

2008-01-01

Purpose: Purpose of this paper : The purpose of the study was to develop new laser alloying technologyproviding high erosion wear resistance of the working surfaces of blades made of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V.Design/methodology/approach: High power diode laser HPDL with a rectangular laser beam spot ofmultimode and uniform intensity of laser radiation was applied in the process of laser surface modification of thetitanium alloy Ti6Al4V. During the laser surface remelting and alloying of the tita...

8. Laser assisted chemically shaped unstable resonator, for high power coherent laser diodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laser assisted chemical etching (LACE) is used to etch a continuous graded channel, set inside a wide stripe graded-index and separate confinement heterostructure (GRIN-SCH) for laser diodes, grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). After a procedure of growing-etching-regrowing, a two-part waveguide is formed inside such modified structure, that is characterized by a negative change in the lateral effective refractive index (ERI). This effects the cavity to work as an unstable resonator. Procedures on the photo etching process are described, including the GaAs photochemistry and the optical system, with special emphasis on the fabrication of the approximately parabolic channels, as this represents a novel step. We call the cavity fabricated by this method, the shaped unstable resonator (SHUR). (Author)

9. Single-frequency diode-pumped Nd:YAG prism laser with use of a composite laser crystal

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Christian; Hansen, P. L.; Buchhave, Preben; Skettrup, Torben

1997-01-01

A compact, stable, diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser suitable for high-power single-frequency operation is investigated theoretically as well as experimentally. Residual spatial hole burning has been eliminated with a unidirectional ring-laser design with a specially designed intracavity prism and a...... composite YAG laser crystal. A detailed Jones matrix analysis is performed, leading to design criteria for high loss difference and high-frequency stability....

10. High energy erbium laser end-pumped by a laser diode bar array coupled to a Nonimaging Optic Concentrator

OpenAIRE

Tanguy, Eric; Feugnet, Gilles; Pocholle, Jean-Paul; Blondeau, R.; Poisson, M.A.; Duchemin, J.P.

1998-01-01

A high energy Er3+, Yb3+:glass laser end pumped by a laser diode array emitting at 980 nm coupled to a Nonimaging Optic Concentrator (NOC) is demonstrated. Energy up to 100 mJ and a 16% slope efficiency are achieved in a plano-plano laser cavity. The energy transfer coefficient from Yb3+ to Er3+ is estimated by a new method.

11. Conceptual design of laser-diode-pumped water-cooled Nd:glass slab laser driver for inertial fusion energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have proposed and designed a laser-diode-pumped laser driver for inertial fusion energy (IFE) which consists of water-cooled zig-zag path Nd:glass (HAP-4) slab amplifiers. A driver module was designed under the several operational constraints and has 10 kJ total output energy at 351 nm and operates at 12 Hz with 9 - 12% overall efficiency. The laser driver producing 4 MJ blue output for IFE will consist of 400 modules. (author)

12. Conceptual design of a laser-diode-pumped Nd:glass slab laser driver for inertial fusion energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have proposed and designed a laser-diode-pumped laser driver for inertial fusion energy (IFE) which consists of water-cooled zig-zag path Nd:glass slab amplifiers. A driver module was designed under the several operational constraints and has 10 kJ total output energy at 351 nm and operates at 12 Hz with 10.4% overall efficiency. The laser driver producing 4 MJ blue output for IFE will consist of 400 modules. (orig.)

13. Compact narrow linewidth diode laser modules for precision quantum optics experiments on board of sounding rockets

Science.gov (United States)

Kohfeldt, Anja; Kürbis, Christian; Luvsandamdin, Erdenetsetseg; Schiemangk, Max; Wicht, Andreas; Peters, Achim; Erbert, Götz; Tränkle, Günther

2016-04-01

We have realized a laser platform based on GaAs diode lasers that allows for an operation in mobile exper-imental setups in harsh environments, such as on sounding rockets. The platform comes in two versions: a master-oscillator-power-ampliﬁer and an extended cavity diode laser. Our very robust micro-optical bench has a footprint of 80 x 25 mm2. It strictly omits any movable parts. Master-oscillator-power-ampliﬁer systems based on distributed feedback master oscillators for 767 nm and 780 nm narrow linewidth emission have been implemented by now. A continuous wave optical output power of > 1 W with a power conversion eﬃciency of > 25% could be achieved. The continuous tuning range of these lasers is on the order of 100 GHz, the linewidth at 10 μs is about 1 MHz. For applications demanding a narrower linewidth we have developed an extended cavity diode laser that achieves a linewidth of 100 kHz at 10 μs. These lasers achieve a continuous spectral tuning range of about 50 GHz and an continuous wave optical power up to 30 mW. The modules have been successfully vibration tested up to 29 gRMS along all three axes and passed 1500 g shocks, again along all 3 axes. Both, master-oscillator-power-ampliﬁers and extended cavity diode lasers, have been employed in sounding rocket experiments.

14. A compact and robust diode laser system for atom interferometry on a sounding rocket

CERN Document Server

Schkolnik, V; Wenzlawski, A; Grosse, J; Kohfeldt, A; Döringshoff, K; Wicht, A; Windpassinger, P; Sengstock, K; Braxmaier, C; Krutzik, M; Peters, A

2016-01-01

We present a diode laser system optimized for laser cooling and atom interferometry with ultra-cold rubidium atoms aboard sounding rockets as an important milestone towards space-borne quantum sensors. Design, assembly and qualification of the system, combing micro-integrated distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser modules and free space optical bench technology is presented in the context of the MAIUS (Matter-wave Interferometry in Microgravity) mission. This laser system, with a volume of 21 liters and total mass of 27 kg, passed all qualification tests for operation on sounding rockets and is currently used in the integrated MAIUS flight system producing Bose-Einstein condensates and performing atom interferometry based on Bragg diffraction. The MAIUS payload is being prepared for launch in fall 2016. We further report on a reference laser system, comprising a rubidium stabilized DFB laser, which was operated successfully on the TEXUS 51 mission in April 2015. The system demonstrated a high level of technol...

15. Mapping of laser diode radiation intensity by atomic-force microscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Alekseev, P. A.; Dunaevskii, M. S.; Slipchenko, S. O.; Podoskin, A. A.; Tarasov, I. S.

2015-09-01

The distribution of the intensity of laser diode radiation has been studied using an original method based on atomic-force microscopy (AFM). It is shown that the laser radiation intensity in both the near field and transition zone of a high-power semiconductor laser under room-temperature conditions can be mapped by AFM at a subwavelength resolution. The obtained patterns of radiation intensity distribution agree with the data of modeling and the results of near-field optical microscopy measurements.

16. Phase Space of Tristability in Dual Injection-Locked Fabry-Perot Laser Diodes

OpenAIRE

R. V. Pajković; M. M. Krstić; J. V. Crnjanski; A. R. Totović; D. M. Gvozdić

2015-01-01

We investigate theoretically the case of dual injection-locking, in which the two light signals are simultaneously externally injected into the cavity of a slave Fabry-Perot laser diode. We show that dual injection-locking leads to formation of new stationary points, and potentially to optical tristability of the slave laser. We show that a region in which the slave laser exhibits three stable steady-states occurs only for sufficiently different frequency detunings of the two injection signal...

17. Power-scaling of diode-end-pumped solid-state lasers

OpenAIRE

Hardman, Paul Joseph

1999-01-01

This thesis presents a strategy for power-scaling diode-end-pumped solid-state lasers to multiwatt output power whilst retaining the high-efficiency and diffraction-limited beam quality, that have been characteristic of operation at low powers. This strategy reduces the detrimental effect of energy transfer upconversion (ETU), which can decrease the lifetime of the upper-laser-level and also increase the heat generated inside the laser material. An analytical description of the lifetime quenc...

18. Complete regression of a melanocytic nevus after epilation with diode laser therapy

OpenAIRE

Boleira, Manuela; de Almeida Balassiano, Laila Klotz; Jeunon, Thiago

2015-01-01

The use of lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) technology has become an established practice in dermatology and aesthetic medicine. The use of laser therapy and IPL in the treatment of pigmented melanocytic lesions is a controversial issue. We report clinical, dermoscopic and histological changes of a completely regressed pigmented melanocytic nevus after hair removal treatment with the LightSheer™ Diode Laser (Lumenis Ltd, Yokneam, Israel).

19. Characterization of thermo-optic effects in diode pumped solid state lasers

Science.gov (United States)

Jabczyński, Jan K.; Jaguś, Jarosław; Żendzian, Waldemar; Kwiatkowski, Jacek

2005-08-01

Review of thermo-optic effects in gain media of diode pumped lasers is presented. Methods of modeling and compensation of such effects are discussed. Results of characterization of end-pumped lasers by means of energetic and caustics measurements techniques are presented and discussed. Application of Wigner distribution method for characterization of aberrated laser beams is presented and discussed. Thermally induced astigmatism was observed for the anisotropic rods at high heat load.

20. Microscopic investigation of InGaN/GaN heterostructure laser diode degradation using Kelvin probe force microscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report on Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements on fresh and artificially aged InGaN/GaN laser test structures. In the case of an unbiased laser diode, a comparison of the surface potential between a fresh and a stressed laser diode shows a pronounced modification of the laser facet due to the aging process. Performing KPFM measurements under forward bias, a correlation between the macroscopic I-V characteristics and the microscopic voltage drop across the heterostructure layer sequence is found. This clearly demonstrates the potential of KPFM for investigating InGaN/GaN laser diode degradation

1. APPLICATIONS OF LASERS AND OTHER TOPICS IN LASER PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY: Switching of a pulsed ionic diode through the bulk of an ion source with laser plasma initiation

Science.gov (United States)

Pleshakova, R. P.; Shikanov, A. E.

1987-10-01

An analysis was made of the results of an investigation of switching of a pulsed ionic diode through the bulk of an ion source with a laser plasma and a vacuum arc. The dependences of the neutron yield on the electrical energy of the diode were recorded and analyzed. The results indicated a possible way of simple construction of an acceleration tube with switching via a laser-plasma source.

2. Fault-Protected Laser Diode Drivers for Improving the Performance and Lifetime of Multiple-Millisecond, Long-Pulse LDAs for NASA LIDAR Systems Project

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This SBIR project will develop and deliver to NASA revolutionary laser diode driver technology with intelligent fault protection for driving high power laser diode...

3. In Vitro Comparison of the Effects of Diode Laser and CO2 Laser on Topical Fluoride Uptake in Primary Teeth

Science.gov (United States)

Bahrololoomi, Zahra; Sorouri, Milad

2015-01-01

Objectives: Fluoride therapy is important for control and prevention of dental caries. Laser irradiation can increase fluoride uptake especially when combined with topical fluoride application. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of CO2 and diode lasers on enamel fluoride uptake in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Forty human primary molars were randomly assigned to four groups (n=10). The roots were removed and the crowns were sectioned mesiodistally into buccal and lingual halves as the experimental and control groups. All samples were treated with 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish. The experimental samples in the four groups were irradiated with 5 or 7W diode or 1 or 2W CO2 laser for 15 seconds and were compared with the controls in terms of fluoride uptake, which was determined using an ion selective electrode after acid dissolution of the specimens. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using ANOVA treating the control measurements as covariates. Results: The estimated amount of fluoride uptake was 59.5± 16.31 ppm, 66.5± 14.9 ppm, 78.6± 12.43 ppm and 90.4± 11.51 ppm for 5W and 7 W diode and 1W and 2 W CO2 lasers, respectively, which were significantly greater than the values in the conventional topical fluoridation group (Plaser and 1W CO2 laser, 5W and 7W diode laser, or 1W and 2W CO2 laser in this regard. Conclusion: The results showed that enamel surface irradiation by CO2 and diode lasers increases the fluoride uptake. PMID:27123018

4. Note: Demonstration of an external-cavity diode laser system immune to current and temperature fluctuations.

Science.gov (United States)

Miao, Xinyu; Yin, Longfei; Zhuang, Wei; Luo, Bin; Dang, Anhong; Chen, Jingbiao; Guo, Hong

2011-08-01

We demonstrate an external-cavity laser system using an anti-reflection coated laser diode as gain medium with about 60 nm fluorescence spectrum, and a Rb Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as frequency-selecting element with a transmission bandwidth of 1.3 GHz. With 6.4% optical feedback, a single stable longitudinal mode is obtained with a linewidth of 69 kHz. The wavelength of this laser is operating within the center of the highest transmission peak of FADOF over a diode current range from 55 mA to 142 mA and a diode temperature range from 15 °C to 35 °C, thus it is immune to the fluctuations of current and temperature. PMID:21895284

5. Application of pulsed GaAs diode lasers to spectral atmospheric monitoring and remote sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Pencheva, Vasilka H.; Penchev, S.; Naboko, Vassily N.; Naboko, Sergei V.

1999-05-01

We report new aspects of application of pulsed GaAs diode lasers, concerning absorption spectroscopy of water vapor of third oscillatory molecular overtone 8990 - 9012 angstroms, and Mie-scattering lidar signal in the 15 km range. It is accessible by the power characteristics of a system utilizing the powerful chip-stack' GaAs diode lasers, employing optimal photodetection technique based on an analyzing system with computer operated boxcar. Data on atmospheric aerosol backscatter signal acquired by DL lidar are presented with relevance to the potential of complex atmospheric remote sensing. GaAs diode lasers, with radiation matching water vapor spectrum of absorption- coefficients of 0.5 - 5 km-1 in Beer's law, are shown feasible for DIAL monitoring of atmospheric humidity.

6. Realization of Optical Phase Locked Loop at 9.2 GHz between Two Independent Diode Lasers

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LI Lu-Ming; TANG Wen-Zhuo; HU Zhen-Yan; GUO Hong

2008-01-01

The optical-phase-locked-loop (OPLL) at 9.2 GHz between two independent narrow linewidth diode lasers is realized. Ultrabroad servo bandwidth at 4 MHz is first achieved and it is guaranteed that the full spectral characteristics of the master laser can be transferred to the slave laser. The experimental results prove that the coherence between two lasers is about 99%. This offers a new method to study the interaction between lasers and atoms based on the ground hyperfine structure of caesium atoms.

7. Plasma Formation During Operation of a Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) in Cs

Science.gov (United States)

Babaeva, Natalia Yu.; Zatsarinny, Oleg; Bartschat, Klaus; Kushner, Mark J.

2014-10-01

Diode pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) produce laser action on the resonant lines of alkali atoms. Diode lasers resonantly pump the 2P3/2 state of the alkali atom which is collisionally relaxed to the 2P3/2 state which then lases to the ground state 2S1/2. The low optical quality of high power semiconductor diode lasers is converted into high optical quality laser radiation from the alkali vapor. The Cs DPAL system using Ar/Cs/C2H6 mixtures has shown promising results. (C2H6 is the collisional relaxant.) In other studies, resonant excitation of alkali vapor by low power lasers has been used to produce highly ionized channels, initiated through associative ionization and superelastic electron heating. The issue then arises if plasma formation occurs during DPAL by similar mechanisms which would be detrimental to laser performance. In this paper, we report on results from a computational study of a DPAL using Cs vapor. The global model addresses quasi-cw pumping of the Cs(2P3/2) state by laser diodes, and includes a full accounting of the resulting electron kinetics. To enable this study, the B-spline R-matrix (BSR) with pseudostates method was employed to calculate electron impact cross sections for Cs. We found that for pump rates of many to 10 kW/cm2, plasma densities approaching 1013 cm-3 occur during laser oscillation with higher values in the absence of laser oscillation. Supported by DoD High Energy Laser Mult. Res. Initiative and NSF.

8. 760nm: a new laser diode wavelength for hair removal modules

Science.gov (United States)

Wölz, Martin; Zorn, Martin; Pietrzak, Agnieszka; Kindsvater, Alex; Meusel, Jens; Hülsewede, Ralf; Sebastian, Jürgen

2015-02-01

A new high-power semiconductor laser diode module, emitting at 760 nm is introduced. This wavelength permits optimum treatment results for fair skin individuals, as demonstrated by the use of Alexandrite lasers in dermatology. Hair removal applications benefit from the industry-standard diode laser design utilizing highly efficient, portable and light-weight construction. We show the performance of a tap-water-cooled encapsulated laser diode stack with a window for use in dermatological hand-pieces. The stack design takes into account the pulse lengths required for selectivity in heating the hair follicle vs. the skin. Super-long pulse durations place the hair removal laser between industry-standard CW and QCW applications. The new 760 nm laser diode bars are 30% fill factor devices with 1.5 mm long resonator cavities. At CW operation, these units provide 40 W of optical power at 43 A with wall-plug-efficiency greater than 50%. The maximum output power before COMD is 90 W. Lifetime measurements starting at 40 W show an optical power loss of 20% after about 3000 h. The hair removal modules are available in 1x3, 1x8 and 2x8 bar configurations.

9. High-power multi-beam diode laser transmitter for a flash imaging lidar

Science.gov (United States)

Holmlund, Christer; Aitta, Petteri; Kivi, Sini; Mitikka, Risto; Tyni, Lauri; Heikkinen, Veli

2013-10-01

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is developing the transmitter for the "Flash Optical Sensor for TErrain Relative NAVigation" (FOSTERNAV) multi-beam flash imaging lidar. FOSTERNAV is a concept demonstrator for new guidance, navigation and control (GNC) technologies to fulfil the requirements for landing and docking of spacecraft as well as for navigation of rovers. This paper presents the design, realisation and testing of the multi-beam continuous-wave (CW) laser transmitter to be used in a 256x256 pixel flash imaging lidar. Depending on the target distance, the lidar has three operation modes using either several beams with low divergence or one single beam with a large divergence. This paper describes the transmitter part of the flash imaging lidar with focus on the electronics and especially the laser diode drivers. The transmitter contains eight fibre coupled commercial diode laser modules with a total peak optical power of 32 W at 808 nm. The main requirement for the laser diode drivers was linear modulation up to a frequency of 20 MHz allowing, for example, low distortion chirps or pseudorandom binary sequences. The laser modules contain the laser diode, a monitoring photodiode, a thermo-electric cooler, and a thermistor. The modules, designed for non-modulated and low-frequency operation, set challenging demands on the design of the drivers. Measurement results are presented on frequency response, and eye diagrams for pseudo-random binary sequences.

10. Highly efficient passively Q-switched Yb:YAG microchip lasers under high intensity laser-diode pumping

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A highly efficient Cr4+:YAG passively Q-switched Yb:YAG microchip laser has been demonstrated at room temperature by high-brightness single-emitter laser-diode pumping. The maximum average output power of 1.53 W was obtained at the absorbed pump power of 3.5 W. The optical-to-optical efficiency was 44% with respect to the absorbed pump power. Laser pulses with a pulse width of 2.9 ns, pulse energy of 11.3 μJ, and peak power of 3.9 kW were obtained. The high pump power intensity from a high-brightness single-emitter laser-diode plays an important role in the alleviation of thermal effects and the efficient performance of Cr4+:YAG passively Q-switched Yb:YAG microchip lasers. (paper)

11. Highly efficient passively Q-switched Yb:YAG microchip lasers under high intensity laser-diode pumping

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, J.; Wang, G. Y.; Cheng, Y.

2013-03-01

A highly efficient Cr4+:YAG passively Q-switched Yb:YAG microchip laser has been demonstrated at room temperature by high-brightness single-emitter laser-diode pumping. The maximum average output power of 1.53 W was obtained at the absorbed pump power of 3.5 W. The optical-to-optical efficiency was 44% with respect to the absorbed pump power. Laser pulses with a pulse width of 2.9 ns, pulse energy of 11.3 μJ, and peak power of 3.9 kW were obtained. The high pump power intensity from a high-brightness single-emitter laser-diode plays an important role in the alleviation of thermal effects and the efficient performance of Cr4+:YAG passively Q-switched Yb:YAG microchip lasers.

12. Conceptual design studies of a laser diode pumped solid state laser system for the laser fusion reactor driver

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have developed a conceptual designing technique of a laser diode pumped solid state laser system having high peak power, high efficiency, good beam quality, and high repetition rate. Using this technique, we evaluated the feasibility of the systems with several solid state laser materials for the laser fusion reactor driver with 10 MJ blue output, 10% overall efficiency, and 10 Hz repetition rate. The systems with such as HAP4 glass, Nd:SiO2 glass, Nd:Y:CaF2 crystal, and Tm, Ho:YAG crystal are shown to be attractive candidates for the reactor driver while the systems with such as LHG8 glass, Nd:YAG crystal, and Tm:YAG crystal will not be selected as the candidates. For an economical laser fusion reactor driver, the solid state laser materials are required to have the following properties; hω/σ∼ 10 J/cm2 (hω: the laser photon energy, σ: the simulated emission cross section), a thermal shock parameter of ≥ 3 W/cm, a nonlinear index of refraction smaller than ∼3 x 10-13 esu, and a fluorescence lifetime of ≥ 4ms. (author)

13. Comparison of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) versus endocanalicular diode laser DCR for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction

OpenAIRE

Acar, Mustafa; Gören, Fatih; Yazıcı, Demet; Yıldırım, Güven; San, Turhan

2014-01-01

Objective: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), the treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction, is generally performed endonasally. In this retrospective study, we compared the anatomical and functional success rate of endonasal DCR with endocanalicular diode laser DCR. Methods: Medical records of 53 patients in endonasal DCR group (Group 1) and 47 in endocanalicular diode laser DCR group (Group 2) were analyzed for preoperative syr...

14. High-power green light generation by second harmonic generation of single-frequency tapered diode lasers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Andersen, Peter E.; Sumpf, Bernd;

2010-01-01

We demonstrate the generation of high power (>1.5W) and single-frequency green light by single-pass second harmonic generation of a high power tapered diode laser. The tapered diode laser consists of a DBR grating for wavelength selectivity, a ridge section and a tapered section. The DBR tapered...

15. Diode laser surface modification of Ti6Al4V alloy to improve erosion wear resistance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Lisiecki

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Purpose: Purpose of this paper : The purpose of the study was to develop new laser alloying technologyproviding high erosion wear resistance of the working surfaces of blades made of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V.Design/methodology/approach: High power diode laser HPDL with a rectangular laser beam spot ofmultimode and uniform intensity of laser radiation was applied in the process of laser surface modification of thetitanium alloy Ti6Al4V. During the laser surface remelting and alloying of the titanium alloy in argon and nitrogenatmospheres, surface layers of high hardness and significantly higher erosion wear resistant, compared with thebase material of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, were produced.Findings: The surface layers are composites of titanium nitrides participations in the titanium alloy matrix.Hardness of the surface layers and erosion wear resistance depends strongly on parameters of laser processing andon the partial pressure of nitrogen in the gas mixture of nitrogen-argon atmosphere.Research limitations/implications: The most critical parameter of the functional quality of titanium alloyblades of turbofan engine and steam turbines is the fatigue strength, therefore further investigations are required todetermine the fatigue strength and also internal stresses in the nitrided surface layers.Practical implications: The novel technology of high power diode laser surface modification of the titaniumalloy Ti6Al4V can be applied to produce erosion wear resistant and long lifetime surface layers of turbofan engineblades and steam turbine blades.Originality/value: The laser surface modification of titanium alloy by the high power diode laser with therectangular laser beam spot of multimode and uniform intensity of laser radiation is very profitable in a case oflaser surface remelting and alloying because the treated surface is heated uniformly, so uniform penetration depthand uniform thickness of the surface layer can be achieved, as opposed from

16. 810nm, 980nm, 1470nm and 1950nm diode laser comparison: a preliminary "ex vivo" study on oral soft tissues

Science.gov (United States)

Fornaini, Carlo; Merigo, Elisabetta; Sozzi, Michele; Selleri, Stefano; Vescovi, Paolo; Cucinotta, Annamaria

2015-02-01

The introduction of diode lasers in dentistry has several advantages, mainly consisting on the reduced size, reduced cost and possibility to beam delivering by optical fibers. At the moment the two diode wavelengths normally utilized in the dental field are 810 and 980 nm for soft tissues treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of four different diode wavelengths: 810, 980, 1470 and 1950 nm diode laser for the ablation of soft tissues. Several samples of veal tongue were exposed to the four different wavelengths, at different fluences. The internal temperature of the soft tissues, in the area close to the beam, was monitored with thermocouple during the experiment. The excision quality of the exposed samples have been characterized by means of an optical microscope. Tissue damages and the cut regularity have been evaluated on the base of established criteria. The lowest thermal increase was recorded for 1950 nm laser. Best quality and speed of incision were obtained by the same wavelength. By evaluating epithelial, stromal and vascular damages for all the used wavelengths, the best result, in terms of "tissue respect", have been obtained for 1470 and 1950 nm exposures. From the obtained results 1470 and 1950 nm diode laser showed to be the best performer wavelengths among these used in this "ex vivo" study, probably due to their greatest affinity to water.

17. Improved low-power semiconductor diode lasers for photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Susanne M.; Mueller, Eduard K.; Van de Workeen, Brian C.; Mueller, Otward M.

2001-05-01

Cryogenically cooling semiconductor diode lasers provides higher power output, longer device lifetime, and greater monochromaticity. While these effects are well known, such improvements have not been quantified, and thus cryogenically operated semiconductor lasers have not been utilized in photodynamic therapy (PDT). We report quantification of these results from laser power meter and photospectrometer data. The emission wavelengths of these low power multiple quantum well semiconductor lasers were found to decrease and become more monochromatic with decreasing temperature. Significant power output improvements also were obtained at cryogenic temperatures. In addition, the threshold current, i.e. the current at which lasing begins, decreased with decreasing temperature. This lower threshold current combined with the increased power output produced dramatically higher device efficiencies. It is proposed that cryogenic operation of semiconductor diode lasers will reduce the number of devices needed to produce the requisite output for many veterinary and medical applications, permitting significant cost reductions.

18. Generation of single-frequency tunable green light in a coupled ring tapered diode laser cavity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Petersen, Paul Michael

2013-01-01

the broad wavelength range from 1049 nm to 1093 nm and the beam propagation factor is improved from M2 = 2.8 to below 1.1. The laser frequency is automatically locked to the cavity resonance frequency using optical feedback. Furthermore, we show that this adaptive external cavity approach leads to......We report the realization of a tapered diode laser operated in a coupled ring cavity that significantly improves the coherence properties of the tapered laser and efficiently generates tunable light at the second harmonic frequency. The tapered diode laser is tunable with single-frequency output in...... efficient frequency doubling. More than 500 mW green output power is obtained by placing a periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal in the external cavity. The single frequency green output from the laser system is tunable in the 530 nm to 533 nm range limited by the LiNbO3 crystal. The optical to optical...

19. A kilowatt level diode-side-pumped QCW Nd:YAG ceramic laser

Science.gov (United States)

Li, C. Y.; Bo, Y.; Wang, B. S.; Tian, C. Y.; Peng, Q. J.; Cui, D. F.; Xu, Z. Y.; Liu, W. B.; Feng, X. Q.; Pan, Y. B.

2010-12-01

We demonstrate a kilowatt level Quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG ceramic laser at 1064 nm. The laser system adopts a master oscillator power amplifier scheme (MOPA). The master oscillator contains two diode-pumped laser modules. Under the pump power of 2000 W, an output power of 686 W was obtained. After amplified by an identical ceramic laser module, a maximum output power of 1020 W was obtained under a total incident pump power of 3433 W, corresponding to an optical-optical conversion efficiency of 29.7%. At the maximal output power, the repetition frequency was measured to be 1 kHz and the pulse width was 114 μs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to realize QCW side-pumped Nd:YAG ceramic laser system with output power above 1 kW.

20. A study of laser ablation propulsion using polyoxymethelyne and a high power diode laser

Science.gov (United States)

Kolesar, Michael D.

With an increased interest by universities, government and commercial groups in using constellations of pico and nano satellites, the need for micro-thrusters to aid in the station-keeping capabilities has become strong. This report examines using polymers and a laser to ablate material as a potential propulsion option for station-keeping. Homopolymer polyoxymethelyne (POM), commonly known as Delrin(TM), was tested as a fuel for a high powered (20 Watt 980 nm) solid state diode laser ablation thruster to be used for station-keeping on pico and nano sized satellites. The experiments required a partial vacuum to reduce the effects of air decomposition and remove water vapor during the ablation event. The vacuum chamber, shadowgraph, and an impulse measurement system were all designed and built around the 20-Watt laser. Three different sample thicknesses were tested (.005", .010", and .020") to determine the behavior of the polymer. The laser was focused onto the POM sample, which was mounted to a load cell and calibrated to measure the impulse of the system imparted by the laser pulse. The calculated thrust values ranged from 600 microN to 1300 microN with a high uncertainty due to the small sample size. The exhaust plume from the ablation event was captured using a shadowgraph. A low velocity was recorded because the chamber was not a complete vacuum, causing the exhaust plume to collide with the air molecules in the test chamber. However the load cell results suggested that 1.30 mN per burst can be produced with an uncertainty of 30%. With the work outlined in this paper, POM shows the promise and challenge of being a good candidate as a fuel material. POM warrants further development and investment as a fuel to be used with a laser ablation micro-thruster.

1. Efficient generation of 509 nm light by sum-frequency mixing between two tapered diode lasers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tawfieq, Mahmoud; Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Hansen, Anders Kragh;

2015-01-01

We demonstrate a concept for visible laser sources based on sum-frequency generation of beam com- bined tapered diode lasers. In this specific case, a 1.7 W sum-frequency generated green laser at 509 nm is obtained, by frequency adding of 6.17 W from a 978 nm tapered diode laser with 8.06 W from a...... 1063 nm tapered diode laser, inside a periodically poled MgO doped lithium niobate crystal. This corresponds to an optical to optical conversion ef fi ciency of 12.1%. As an example of potential applica- tions, the generated nearly diffraction-limited green light is used for pumping a Ti:sapphire laser......, thus demonstrating good beam quality and power stability. The maximum output powers achieved when pumping the Ti:sapphire laser are 226 mW (CW) and 185 mW (mode-locked) at 1.7 W green pump power. The optical spectrum emitted by the mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser shows a spectral width of about 54 nm...

2. Diode Pumped Alkali Vapor Lasers - A New Pathway to High Beam Quality at High Average Power

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Page, R H; Boley, C D; Rubenchik, A M; Beach, R J

2005-05-06

Resonance-transition alkali-vapor lasers have only recently been demonstrated [1] but are already attracting considerable attention. Alkali-atom-vapor gain media are among the simplest possible systems known, so there is much laboratory data upon which to base performance predictions. Therefore, accurate modeling is possible, as shown by the zero- free-parameter fits [2] to experimental data on alkali-vapor lasers pumped with Ti:sapphire lasers. The practical advantages of two of the alkali systems--Rb and Cs--are enormous, since they are amenable to diode-pumping [3,4]. Even without circulating the gas mixture, these lasers can have adequate cooling built-in owing to the presence of He in their vapor cells. The high predicted (up to 70%) optical-to-optical efficiency of the alkali laser, the superb (potentially 70% or better) wall-plug efficiency of the diode pumps, and the ability to exhaust heat at high temperature (100 C) combine to give a power-scalable architecture that is lightweight. A recent design exercise [5] at LLNL estimated that the system ''weight-to-power ratio'' figure of merit could be on the order of 7 kg/kW, an unprecedented value for a laser of the 100 kW class. Beam quality is expected to be excellent, owing to the small dn/dT value of the gain medium. There is obviously a long way to go, to get from a small laser pumped with a Ti:sapphire or injection-seeded diode system (of near-perfect beam quality, and narrow linewidth) [1, 4] to a large system pumped with broadband, multimode diode- laser arrays. We have a vision for this technology-development program, and have already built diode-array-pumped Rb lasers at the 1 Watt level. A setup for demonstrating Diode-array-Pumped Alkali vapor Lasers (DPALs) is shown in Figure 1. In general, use of a highly-multimode, broadband pump source renders diode-array-based experiments much more difficult than the previous ones done with Ti:sapphire pumping. High-NA optics, short focal

3. Management of Chronic Periodontitis Using Chlorhexidine Chip and Diode Laser-A Clinical Study

Science.gov (United States)

Ambooken, Majo; Mathew, Jayan Jacob; Issac, Annie Valayil; Kunju, Ajithkumar Parachalil; Parameshwaran, Renjith Athirkandathil

2016-01-01

Introduction The use of adjuncts like chlorhexidine local delivery and diode laser decontamination have been found to improve the clinical outcomes of scaling and root planing in non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis. Aim To evaluate the effects of diode laser and chlorhexidine chip as adjuncts to scaling and root planing in the management of chronic periodontitis. The objective is to evaluate the outcome of chlorhexidine chip and diode laser as adjuncts to scaling and root planing on clinical parameters like Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Study and Design Department of Periodontics. Randomized clinical trial with split mouth design. Materials and Methods Fifteen chronic periodontitis patients having a probing pocket depth of 5mm-7mm on at least one interproximal site in each quadrant of the mouth were included in the study. After initial treatment, four sites in each patient were randomly subjected to scaling and root planing (control), chlorhexidine chip application (CHX chip group), diode laser (810 nm) decontamination (Diode laser group) or combination of both (Diode laser and chip group). Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at baseline, one month and three months. Statistical analysis Results were statistically analysed using paired T test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test and repeated measure ANOVA. Results Post-treatment, the test and control sites showed a statistically significant reduction in PI, GI, PPD, and CAL. After three months, a mean PPD reduction of 1.47±0.52 mm in control group, 1.40±0.83 mm in diode laser group, 2.67±0.62 mm in CHX group, and 2.80± 0.77 mm in combination group was seen. The mean gain in CAL were 1.47±0.52 mm in the control group, 1.40±0.83 mm in diode laser group, 2.67± 0.49 mm in CHX group and 2.67± 0.82 mm in combination group respectively. The

4. Multi-diode laser system for UV exposure of the photoresists

Science.gov (United States)

Barbucha, R.; Tanski, M.; Kocik, M.

2015-06-01

PCB (Printed Circuit Board) industry is a global business for many years. PCB can be found in every electronic devices and since it becomes smaller, lighter and more efficient, new sophisticated machines need to be developed to meet this demands. The main parameter for the manufacturing machines is throughput. In this paper a multi-diode laser system for UV exposure of the photoresist on Printed Circuit Board is presented. The multi-diode laser system presents high throughput at high resolution of the pattern as well as low development costs.

5. Acne phototherapy with a 1450-nm diode laser: an open study

OpenAIRE

Konishi, Natusko; ENDO, Hideki; Oiso, Naoki; Kawara, Shigeru; Kawada, Akira

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of phototherapy with a newly-developed 1450-nm diode laser in patients with mild to moderate acne. An open study was performed in acne patients who were treated up to five times with a two week interval. Acne lesions were reduced by 63%. Only one patient discontinued treatment due to vesicle formation as an adverse effect. Phototherapy using this diode laser source was effective and well tolerated in acne patients, suggesting that this...

6. Instability in Self-Pulsation in Laser Diodes and its Effect on All-Optical Synchonization

OpenAIRE

Hyland, Jonathan; Farrell, Gerald

1994-01-01

The effect of short- and long-term frequency instability in self pulsation on all-optical synchronization using a twin-section laser diode is experimentally investigated. Short-term frequency instability broadens the unlocked full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the fundamental of the rf spectrum of the self-pulsating laser diode. We show experimentally that the value of the unlocked FWHM, and thus the level of short-term instability, has a direct effect on the optical power required to maint...

7. Diode laser treatment and clinical management of multiple oral lesions in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Science.gov (United States)

Favia, G; Tempesta, A; Limongelli, L; Suppressa, P; Sabbà, C; Maiorano, E

2016-05-01

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is rare, and characterised by vascular dysplasia that leads to various symptoms including visceral arteriovenous malformations and mucocutaneous telangiectatic lesions. Our aim was to describe the clinical features and options for the treatment of multiple oral lesions, and to illustrate the efficacy of the diode laser in the treatment of early (occlusal plates were sometimes used to reduce the incidence of new lesions caused by dental trauma. The treatment of oral telangiectatic lesions is still being debated, and it is important to improve quality of life for patients. Diode laser surgery could be an effective treatment for oral lesions in those with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID:26360009

8. Stratospheric composition measurements of earth and Titan using high-resolution tunable diode laser spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Webster, Christopher R.

1988-01-01

Field and laboratory measurements of species of atmospheric interest made as part of the JPL diode laser spectroscopy program are presented. Stratospheric measurements of NO2, NO, CO2, and H2O made in November 1985 using the BLISS instrument are reported, together with recent laboratory measurements of spectral line parameters of HNO3 and HO2NO2. In addition, a novel diode laser instrument concept for the in situ sensing of Titan's atmosphere is described for the Saturn Orbiter/Titan Probe (SOTP) Cassini Mission.

9. The impact of external optical feedback on the degradation behavior of high-power diode lasers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hempel, Martin; Chi, Mingjun; Petersen, Paul Michael;

2013-01-01

The impact of external feedback on high-power diode laser degradation is studied. For this purpose early stages of gradual degradation are prepared by accelerated aging of 808-nm-emitting AlGaAs-based devices. While the quantum well that actually experiences the highest total optical load remains...... unaffected, severe impact is observed to the cladding layers and the waveguide. Consequently hardening of diode lasers for operation under external optical feedback must necessarily involve claddings and waveguide, into which the quantum well is embedded....

10. Temporal correlation scheme for spectroscopic gas analysis using multimode diode lasers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The reliability of diode lasers used in spectroscopic applications is limited by their intrinsic multimode and mode-jump behavior when wavelength-tuned by current or temperature. We report on a scheme for gas analysis based on temporal correlation between absorption signals from an unknown external and a known reference gas concentration, simultaneously recorded when the diode laser wavelength is temperature-tuned across absorption features of the gas of interest. This procedure, which does not require any knowledge of the exact spectrum, also eliminates light intensity fluctuations due to mode competition. The method is illustrated for atmospheric oxygen absorption applied to diffusion measurements

11. Efficiency and stability of a phosphor-conversion white light source using a blue laser diode

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Ledru

2014-10-01

Full Text Available A white light source using direct phosphor-conversion excited by a blue laser diode is presented. In this preliminary study we have investigated the influence of phosphor’s thickness and operating current of the laser diode over the (x, y chromaticity coordinates, Correlated Color Temperature (CCT and Color Rendering Index (CRI. The best values found were 4000 K and 94. A 40 lm/W luminous efficacy was achieved together with a CRI close to 90 for an operating current of 0.8 A. Those values, to the best of our knowledge, were not previously reported in the literature.

12. Efficiency and stability of a phosphor-conversion white light source using a blue laser diode

Science.gov (United States)

Ledru, G.; Catalano, C.; Dupuis, P.; Zissis, G.

2014-10-01

A white light source using direct phosphor-conversion excited by a blue laser diode is presented. In this preliminary study we have investigated the influence of phosphor's thickness and operating current of the laser diode over the (x, y) chromaticity coordinates, Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) and Color Rendering Index (CRI). The best values found were 4000 K and 94. A 40 lm/W luminous efficacy was achieved together with a CRI close to 90 for an operating current of 0.8 A. Those values, to the best of our knowledge, were not previously reported in the literature.

13. Dependence of Junction Voltage Saturation on Uniformity and Quality of Laser Diode Bars

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LIANG Qing-Cheng; SHI Jia-Wei; GUO Shu-Xu; LIU Kui-Xue; CAO Jun-Sheng

2009-01-01

The dependence of the sinkage at the threshold of the electric derivative curve(IdV/dI-I)on the uniformity and the quality of the laser diode bar is analyzed.By using the equations derived from the equivalent circuits of the bars,the influence of the bar uniformity on the depth of the dip is investigated in theory under certain conditions.Furthermore,the experimental results based on the presented technique indicate that the depth of the dip is interrelated to the uniformity and the quality of the corresponding bar.The present technique can be used conveniently and effectively to measure the laser diode bars in practice.

14. Compact silicon photonic wavelength-tunable laser diode with ultra-wide wavelength tuning range

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kita, Tomohiro, E-mail: tkita@ecei.tohoku.ac.jp; Tang, Rui; Yamada, Hirohito [Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579 (Japan)

2015-03-16

We present a wavelength-tunable laser diode with a 99-nm-wide wavelength tuning range. It has a compact wavelength-tunable filter with high wavelength selectivity fabricated using silicon photonics technology. The silicon photonic wavelength-tunable filter with wide wavelength tuning range was realized using two ring resonators and an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The wavelength-tunable laser diode fabricated by butt-joining a silicon photonic filter and semiconductor optical amplifier shows stable single-mode operation over a wide wavelength range.

15. Compact silicon photonic wavelength-tunable laser diode with ultra-wide wavelength tuning range

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present a wavelength-tunable laser diode with a 99-nm-wide wavelength tuning range. It has a compact wavelength-tunable filter with high wavelength selectivity fabricated using silicon photonics technology. The silicon photonic wavelength-tunable filter with wide wavelength tuning range was realized using two ring resonators and an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The wavelength-tunable laser diode fabricated by butt-joining a silicon photonic filter and semiconductor optical amplifier shows stable single-mode operation over a wide wavelength range

16. Advances in Diode-Laser-Based Water Vapor Differential Absorption Lidar

Science.gov (United States)

Spuler, Scott; Repasky, Kevin; Morley, Bruce; Moen, Drew; Weckwerth, Tammy; Hayman, Matt; Nehrir, Amin

2016-06-01

An advanced diode-laser-based water vapor differential absorption lidar (WV-DIAL) has been developed. The next generation design was built on the success of previous diode-laser-based prototypes and enables accurate measurement of water vapor closer to the ground surface, in rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, and in daytime cloudy conditions up to cloud base. The lidar provides up to 1 min resolution, 150 m range resolved measurements of water vapor in a broad range of atmospheric conditions. A description of the instrument and results from its initial field test in 2014 are discussed.

17. Gigahertz frequency comb from a diode-pumped solid-state laser

OpenAIRE

Klenner, Alexander; Schilt, Stéphane; Südmeyer, Thomas; Keller, Ursula

2014-01-01

We present the first stabilization of the frequency comb offset from a diode-pumped gigahertz solid-state laser oscillator. No additional external amplification and/or compression of the output pulses is required. The laser is reliably modelocked using a SESAM and is based on a diode-pumped Yb:CALGO gain crystal. It generates 1.7-W average output power and pulse durations as short as 64 fs at a pulse repetition rate of 1 GHz. We generate an octave-spanning supercontinuum in a highly nonlinear...

18. Micro-analysis of light emission properties of GaN-based laser diodes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Godlewski, M. [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw (Poland); Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal S. Wyszynski University, Warsaw (Poland); Bozek, R. [Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, Warsaw (Poland); Miasojedovas, S.; Jursenas, S.; Kazlauskas, K.; Zukauskas, A. [Institute of Materials Science and Applied Research, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 9, Building III, 10222 Vilnius (Lithuania); Phillips, M.R. [Microstructural Analysis Unit, UTS, Sydney (Australia); Czernecki, R.; Targowski, G.; Perlin, P.; Leszczynski, M. [Institute of High Pressure Physics (Unipress), Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (Poland); Boettcher, T.; Figge, S.; Hommel, D. [Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen (Germany)

2007-06-15

In-depth and in-plane changes of emission intensity from GaN-based laser diode structures were studied using cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence (PL), micro-PL and a Kelvin probe (potential fluctuations). We show that even at high excitation density potential fluctuations are not screened in active layers of laser diode structures. Potential fluctuations are enhanced in p-type doped layers. We also found that dislocations are formed there, which can penetrate to active region of LD devices. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

19. Correction of quadratic phase error in two-wavelength digital holographic interferometry using laser diodes

Science.gov (United States)

Funamizu, Hideki; Kato, Tsuyoshi; Aizu, Yoshihisa; Ishii, Yukihiro

2012-11-01

We present the correction of a quadratic phase error in two-wavelength digital holographic interferometry using laser diodes. This phase error arises from numerical reconstructions of wavefronts from digital holograms based on the Fresnel diffraction integral. To correct the quadratic phase error, it is numerically produced by computer on the basis of the theoretical prediction and is subtracted from the phase difference map in two-wavelength digital holographic interferometry. Experimental results show that the method of correction in this paper is useful for two-wavelength digital holographic interferometry using laser diodes.

20. High-power diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:YAG ceramic laser

Science.gov (United States)

Nakamura, Shinki; Hikita, Yuto; Sone, Hiroyasu; Ogawa, Takayo; Wada, Satoshi

2014-05-01

A high-power diode-pumped passively mode-locked Yb:YAG ceramic laser was demonstrated. An average output power of 3.80W with a pulse duration of 433 fs at a repetition rate of 90.9MHz was obtained at a wavelength of 1050 nm using a 2% output coupler. A peak power of 96.5kW was also obtained. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest reported average power and peak power for a diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:YAG ceramic laser.

1. Comparison of two kinds of active layers for high-power narrow-stripe distributed feedback laser diodes

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Fu Sheng-Hui; Song Guo-Feng; Chen Liang-Hui

2007-01-01

Usually GaAs/AlGaAs is utilized as an active layer material in laser diodes operating in the spectral range of 800-850 nm.In this work,in addition to a traditional unstrained GaAs/AlGaAs distributed feedback(DFB) laser diode,a compressively strained InGaAlAs/AlGaAs DFB laser diode is numerically investigated in characteristic.The simulation results show that the compressively strained DFB laser diode has a lower transparency carrier density,higher gain,lower Auger recombination rate.and higher stimulated recombination rate.which lead to better a device performance.than the traditional unstrained GaAs/AlGaAs DFB laser diode.

2. Femtosecond laser enhanced current in a thermionic diode with barium vapor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We studied the signal from a thermionic diode when a femtosecond laser beam was spatially overlapped by an excimer pumped dye laser beam. The nanosecond dye laser was scanned from 435 to 438 nm in order to excite the autoionizing levels of barium by two photon absorption. The broadband ultrashort laser light was centered at 427 nm, which is also above the first ionization limit of barium. The bias voltage between the cell body and the tungsten rod (set at either 9 or 0 V) was used to collect electrons after the barium ions had been created by multiphoton (auto) ionization. The overall background of the thermionic signal was appreciably elevated due to the two photon ionization by the broadband femtosecond laser. We measured the thermionic signal with and without femtosecond laser overlap, and with a biasless and biased thermionic diode. The effect of the femtosecond laser was appreciable enhancement of the background ionization continuum. This was especially visible in the presence of noble gases at pressure of 50 mbar. Argon produced the largest and helium produced the smallest enhancement in the background continuum. In addition, we observed a few broad spectral features of a presumably collision induced nature. - Highlights: • Femtosecond laser beam spatially overlapped by excimer pumped dye laser beam. • The nanosecond dye laser scanned from 435 to 438 nm for two photon absorption. • Thermionic signal detection of Ba autoionizing levels. • The femtosecond laser enhanced the background ionization continuum. • Broad spectral features of presumably collision induced nature have been observed

3. Improving the efficiency of high-power diode lasers using diamond heat sinks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using multifunctional ion beam and magnetron sputtering systems, we have developed chemical and vacuum techniques for producing metallic coatings firmly adherent to various surfaces, with application to copper and diamond heat sinks for diode lasers. Conditions have been optimised for mounting diode lasers and bars using the proposed metallisation processes, and significant improvements in the output parameters of the devices have been achieved. The power output of cw laser diodes on diamond heat sinks increases by up to a factor of 2, the linear (working) portion of their power-current characteristic becomes markedly broader, and their slope efficiency increases by a factor of 1.5 - 2 relative to that of lasers on copper heat spreaders. The use of diamond heat sinks extends the drive current range of pulsed diode bars by a factor of 2 - 3 and enables them to operate at more than one order of magnitude longer pump pulse durations (up to milliseconds) when the pulse repetition rate is at least 10 Hz. (lasers)

4. Sub-100 fs high average power directly blue-diode-laser-pumped Ti:sapphire oscillator

Science.gov (United States)

Rohrbacher, Andreas; Markovic, Vesna; Pallmann, Wolfgang; Resan, Bojan

2016-03-01

Ti:sapphire oscillators are a proven technology to generate sub-100 fs (even sub-10 fs) pulses in the near infrared and are widely used in many high impact scientific fields. However, the need for a bulky, expensive and complex pump source, typically a frequency-doubled multi-watt neodymium or optically pumped semiconductor laser, represents the main obstacle to more widespread use. The recent development of blue diodes emitting over 1 W has opened up the possibility of directly diode-laser-pumped Ti:sapphire oscillators. Beside the lower cost and footprint, a direct diode pumping provides better reliability, higher efficiency and better pointing stability to name a few. The challenges that it poses are lower absorption of Ti:sapphire at available diode wavelengths and lower brightness compared to typical green pump lasers. For practical applications such as bio-medicine and nano-structuring, output powers in excess of 100 mW and sub-100 fs pulses are required. In this paper, we demonstrate a high average power directly blue-diode-laser-pumped Ti:sapphire oscillator without active cooling. The SESAM modelocking ensures reliable self-starting and robust operation. We will present two configurations emitting 460 mW in 82 fs pulses and 350 mW in 65 fs pulses, both operating at 92 MHz. The maximum obtained pulse energy reaches 5 nJ. A double-sided pumping scheme with two high power blue diode lasers was used for the output power scaling. The cavity design and the experimental results will be discussed in more details.

5. Qualification Testing of Laser Diode Pump Arrays for a Space-Based 2-micron Coherent Doppler Lidar

Science.gov (United States)

Amzajerdian, Farzin; Meadows, Byron L.; Baker, Nathaniel R.; Barnes, Bruce W.; Singh, Upendra N.; Kavaya, Michael J.

2007-01-01

The 2-micron thulium and holmium-based lasers being considered as the transmitter source for space-based coherent Doppler lidar require high power laser diode pump arrays operating in a long pulse regime of about 1 msec. Operating laser diode arrays over such long pulses drastically impact their useful lifetime due to the excessive localized heating and substantial pulse-to-pulse thermal cycling of their active regions. This paper describes the long pulse performance of laser diode arrays and their critical thermal characteristics. A viable approach is then offered that allows for determining the optimum operational parameters leading to the maximum attainable lifetime.

6. Reduction of spatial holeburning in a diode pumped Nd:YAG laser by the use of a composite laser crystal

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Christian; Lichtenberg Hansen, P.; Buchhave, Preben

1996-01-01

Diode pumped solid-state lasers using the endpump geometry and proper focusing optics are generally easy to operate in TEM00 mode. However, to obtain single frequency operation steps should be taken to avoid spatial hole burning. Even unidirectional ring lasers may exhibit some spatial hole burning...... when pumping is applied near high reflectivity mirrors, an effect often termed residual hole burning. Such residual hole burning may cause the laser to switch to multiple frequency operation at higher pumping levels. A generic ring laser geometry, which minimizes spatial hole burning is described....

7. Cascade Type-I Quantum Well GaSb-Based Diode Lasers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leon Shterengas

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Cascade pumping of type-I quantum well gain sections was utilized to increase output power and efficiency of GaSb-based diode lasers operating in a spectral region from 1.9 to 3.3 μm. Carrier recycling between quantum well gain stages was realized using band-to-band tunneling in GaSb/AlSb/InAs heterostructure complemented with optimized electron and hole injector regions. Coated devices with an ~100-μm-wide aperture and a 3-mm-long cavity demonstrated continuous wave (CW output power of 1.96 W near 2 μm, 980 mW near 3 μm, 500 mW near 3.18 μm, and 360 mW near 3.25 μm at 17–20 °C—a nearly or more than twofold increase compared to previous state-of-the-art diode lasers. The utilization of the different quantum wells in the cascade laser heterostructure was demonstrated to yield wide gain lasers, as often desired for tunable laser spectroscopy. Double-step etching was utilized to minimize both the internal optical loss and the lateral current spreading penalties in narrow-ridge lasers. Narrow-ridge cascade diode lasers operate in a CW regime with ~100 mW of output power near and above 3 μm and above 150 mW near 2 μm.

8. Preliminary report: comparison of 980-nm, 808-nm diode laser enhanced with indocyanine green to the Nd:YAG laser applied to equine respiratory tissue

Science.gov (United States)

Tate, Lloyd P.; Blikslager, Anthony T.; Campbell, Nigel B.

2001-05-01

The Neodynium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has been the mainstay of performing upper respiratory laser surgery in the equine since 1984. The 808-nm diode laser has also been applied transendoscopically as well as the 980-nm diode laser over recent years. It has been shown that Indocyanine Green (ICG) enhances the performance of the 808- nm laser because it is absorbed at 810 nm of light. The 808- nm laser's tissue interaction combined with ICG is equivalent to or greater than the Nd:YAG laser's cutting ability. The 980-nm diode laser performance was similar to that of the Nd:YAG as determined by the parameters of this study. This study compared the depths and widths of penetration achieved with the 808-nm diode laser after intravenous injection of ICG on equine respiratory tissue. It also compared depths and widths of penetration achieved by the non-contact application of the 980-nm diode laser delivering the same energy of 200 joules. The depths and widths of penetration of both diode lasers were compared to themselves and to the Nd:YAG laser with all factors remaining constant.

9. Titanium Matrix Composite Ti/TiN Produced by Diode Laser Gas Nitriding

OpenAIRE

Aleksander Lisiecki

2015-01-01

A high power direct diode laser, emitting in the range of near infrared radiation at wavelength 808–940 nm, was applied to produce a titanium matrix composite on a surface layer of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by laser surface gas nitriding. The nitrided surface layers were produced as single stringer beads at different heat inputs, different scanning speeds, and different powers of laser beam. The influence of laser nitriding parameters on the quality, shape, and morphology of the surface layers w...

10. High-Power Continuous-Wave Directly-Diode-Pumped Fiber Raman Lasers

OpenAIRE

Tianfu Yao; Achar V. Harish; Jayanta K. Sahu; Johan Nilsson

2015-01-01

We describe novel fiber Raman lasers pumped directly by spectrally combined high power multimode laser diodes at ~975 nm and emitting at ~1019 nm. With a commercial multimode graded-index fiber, we reached 20 W of laser output power with a record slope efficiency of 80%. With an in-house double-clad fiber, the beam quality improved to M2 = 1.9, albeit with lower output power and slope efficiency due to higher fiber loss. We believe this is the first publication of a fiber Raman laser cladding...

11. Three Dimensional Speckle Imaging Employing a Frequency-Locked Tunable Diode Laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cannon, Bret D.; Bernacki, Bruce E.; Schiffern, John T.; Mendoza, Albert

2015-09-01

We describe a high accuracy frequency stepping method for a tunable diode laser to improve a three dimensional (3D) imaging approach based upon interferometric speckle imaging. The approach, modeled after Takeda, exploits tuning an illumination laser in frequency as speckle interferograms of the object (specklegrams) are acquired at each frequency in a Michelson interferometer. The resulting 3D hypercube of specklegrams encode spatial information in the x-y plane of each image with laser tuning arrayed along its z-axis. We present laboratory data of before and after results showing enhanced 3D imaging resulting from precise laser frequency control.

12. 3 μm diode-pumped solid state erbium laser for cataract surgery

Science.gov (United States)

Ernst, Holger; Ertmer, Wolfgang; Lubatschowski, Holger

2003-06-01

To improve the efficiency of laser phacoemulsification we developed a compact, high-repetition-rate, high-average-power, diode-pumped, 2.94 μm TIR-cavity Er:YAG laser system. Laser parameters of 19.4% slope efficiency, 5 W of average output power at up to 300 Hz repetition rate and more than 1.5 W at 1 kHz are demonstrated. The special design results in low thermal lenses of 1.9 Dpt/W. This is a good condition for high laser system scalability.

13. Monolithic 626 nm single-mode AlGaInP DBR diode laser.

Science.gov (United States)

Blume, G; Nedow, O; Feise, D; Pohl, J; Paschke, K

2013-09-01

Single-mode lasers below 630 nm are still realized using complex laser systems. We present distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) ridge waveguide lasers (RWL) based on AlGaInP. When packaged into sealed TO-3 housings and cooled internally to about 0°C the DBR-RWL emit more than 50 mW at a wavelength of 626.0 nm into a nearly diffraction-limited single longitudinal mode with a spectral width below 1 MHz. These new monolithic diode lasers have the potential to drastically miniaturize existing set-ups e.g. for quantum information processing. PMID:24104041

14. All-electronic line width reduction in a semiconductor diode laser using a crystalline microresonator

Science.gov (United States)

Rury, Aaron S.; Mansour, Kamjou; Yu, Nan

2015-07-01

This study examines the capability to significantly suppress the frequency noise of a semiconductor distributed feedback diode laser using a universally applicable approach: a combination of a high-Q crystalline whispering gallery mode microresonator reference and the Pound-Drever-Hall locking scheme using an all-electronic servo loop. An out-of-loop delayed self-heterodyne measurement system demonstrates the ability of this approach to reduce a test laser's absolute line width by nearly a factor of 100. In addition, in-loop characterization of the laser stabilized using this method demonstrates a 1-kHz residual line width with reference to the resonator frequency. Based on these results, we propose that utilization of an all-electronic loop combined with the use of the wide transparency window of crystalline materials enable this approach to be readily applicable to diode lasers emitting in other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, especially in the UV and mid-IR.

15. Multiwatt continuous wave Nd:KGW laser with hot-band diode pumping.

Science.gov (United States)

Talukder, Rubel Chandra; Eibna Halim, Md Zubaer; Waritanant, Tanant; Major, Arkady

2016-08-15

We have demonstrated what we believe is the first continuous wave neodymium-doped potassium gadolinium tungstate crystal (Nd:KGW) laser with hot-band diode pumping at ∼910  nm. This pumping wavelength reduced the quantum defect by >46% as compared to conventional ∼810  nm pumping and resulted in significantly lower thermal lensing. The laser produced 2.9 W of average output power at 1067 nm in a diffraction-limited beam for an absorbed pump power of 8.3 W. The slope efficiency and optical-to-optical efficiency were found to be 43% and 35%, respectively. Significant reduction of quantum defect offered by this pumping wavelength and availability of suitable high-power laser diodes opens up an attractive way to further power and efficiency scaling of Nd:KGW lasers. PMID:27519095

16. Defect engineering for 650 nm high-power AlGaInP laser diodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To find the optimal growth and annealing conditions for high-power 650 nm band AlGaInP laser diodes, we carried out defect engineering, in which the distribution and density of deep level defects of the laser structure was analyzed. For this purpose, deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were carried out for each layer of the 650 nm band AlGaInP laser. By layer optimization at growth and annealing conditions, the laser diode was able operate stably and kink-free at high power over 220 mW at 70 deg. C. The characteristic temperatures (T ) were 212 K for 25-60 deg. C and 106 K over 60 deg. C

17. Numerical analysis of the beam quality and spectrum of wavelength-beam-combined laser diode arrays

Science.gov (United States)

Tang, Xuan; Wang, Xiao-Jun; Ke, Wei-Wei

2015-02-01

In this paper, a numerical model is presented to simulation the performance of the wavelength-beam-combined laser diode arrays (LDA) system. The eigen mode expansion method is used to describe the two-dimensional optical amplification and the strength of field feedback of external cavity. To describe the mode competition in laser diodes, the gain saturation effect is considered. The two-dimension distributions of the carrier concentration, recombination rates, and optical gain are calculated for solving the laser dynamic equation. The Fresnel integration, grating equation and mode overlap integration are used to obtain the feedback coefficient of extent cavity diffraction. Quantum noise is considered to evaluate the spectral linewidth of semiconductor laser. Based on the numerical model, the impact of the mutual optical feedback on the beam quality and spectrum of the LDA is present and analysis.

18. High power AlGaInP laser diodes with zinc-diffused window mirror structure

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Yun Xu(徐云); Qing Cao(曹青); Xiaopeng Zhu(朱晓鹏); Guohua Yang(杨国华); Qiaoqiang Gan(甘巧强); Guofeng Song(宋国峰); Liang Guo(郭良); Yuzhang Li(李玉璋); Lianghui Chen(陈良惠)

2004-01-01

The technology of zinc-diffusion to improve catastrophic optical damage (COD) threshold of compressively strained GaInP/A1GaInP quantum well laser diodes has been introduced. After zinc-diffusion, about 20-μm-long region at each facet of laser diode has been formed to serve as the window of the lasing light. As a result, the COD threshold has been significantly improved due to the enlargement of bandgap by the zinc-diffusion induced quantum well intermixing, compared with that of the conventional non-window structure. 40-mW continuous wave output power with the fundamental transverse mode has been realized under room temperature for the 3.5-μm-wide ridge waveguide diode. The operation current is 84 mA and the slope efficiency is 0.74 W/A at 40 mW. The lasing wavelength is 656 nm.

19. Silicon light-emitting diodes and lasers photon breeding devices using dressed photons

CERN Document Server

Ohtsu, Motoichi

2016-01-01

This book focuses on a novel phenomenon named photon breeding. It is applied to realizing light-emitting diodes and lasers made of indirect-transition-type silicon bulk crystals in which the light-emission principle is based on dressed photons. After presenting physical pictures of dressed photons and dressed-photon phonons, the principle of light emission by using dressed-photon phonons is reviewed. A novel phenomenon named photon breeding is also reviewed. Next, the fabrication and operation of light emitting diodes and lasers are described The role of coherent phonons in these devices is discussed. Finally, light-emitting diodes using other relevant crystals are described and other relevant devices are also reviewed.

20. High-Power Diode Laser Surface Treated HVOF Coating to Combat High Energy Particle Impact Wear

Science.gov (United States)

Mann, B. S.; Arya, Vivek; Pant, B. K.

2013-07-01

High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF)-sprayed coatings have performed exceptionally well in low-energy particle impact wear and are accepted worldwide. However, their application for high-energy particle impact wear (HEPIW) requires a different approach and more efforts. HVOF-coating systems typically use WC-Co, WC-Co-Cr, WC-Ni-Cr, and FeCrAlY-Cr3C2 powders. WC-Co-Cr powders are preferred when there is a high demand for corrosion resistance. WC-10Co-4Cr coating powder has been selected in the current study. To improve coating properties such as microhardness, fracture toughness, and HEPIW resistance, a new approach of surface treatment with robotically controlled high-power diode laser (HPDL) is attempted. The robotically controlled HVOF-coating deposition and laser surface treatment were monitored using real-time diagnostic control. The HPDL-treated coating has been compared with "as-sprayed" HVOF coating for HEPIW resistance, fracture toughness, microhardness and microstructure. The coating characteristics and properties after laser surface treatment have improved many times compared with "as-sprayed" HVOF coating. This is due to the elimination of pores in the coating and formation of a metallurgical bond between coating and substrate. This new development opens up a possibility of using such laser treatments in specialized areas where HEPIW damages are acute. The fracture toughness and HEPIW resistance along with optical micrographs of HPDL-treated and untreated HVOF coatings are discussed and reported in this article. HEPIW resistance is observed to be proportional to the product of fracture toughness and microhardness of the HVOF coating.

1. A New GaAs-based Long Wavelength Laser Diode Developed

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2005-01-01

@@ Researchers at the CAS In stitute of Semiconductors (ISCAS) have made significant progress in their work on a new generation of the GaAs based longwavelength laser device. Recently they have developed the world's first 1.586μm GaInNAsSb/GaNAs/ GaAs single quantum well laser diode under continuous-wave operation mode at room temperature.

2. Repetitive 1 Hz fast-heating fusion driver HAMA pumped by diode pumped solid state laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We describe a repetitive fast-heating fusion driver called HAMA pumped by Diode Pumped Solid State Laser (DPSSL) to realize the counter irradiation of sequential implosion and heating laser beams. HAMA was designed to activate DPSSL for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research and to realize a unified ICF machine for power plants. The details of a four-beam alignment scheme and the results of the counter irradiation of stainless plates are shown. (author)

3. A REPORT OF SOLITARY LARGE BUCCAL FIBROMA TREATED USING DIODE LASER : 6 MONTH FOLLOW UP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shriparna

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Traumatic or irritational fibroma is a common benign reactive oral lesion and the treatment of choice is surgical excision. The use of lasers in dental practice has become a very common treatment modality. Here we present a case of a large fibroma on the buccal mucosa which was excised using diode lasers. This procedure proved to be an efficient treatment modality without any unfavourable postoperative consequences

4. All-electronic suppression of mode hopping noise in diode lasers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bager, L.

1990-01-01

A simple all-electronic stabilization scheme is presented for suppression of external-cavity mode-hopping noise in diode lasers. This excess noise is generated when the laser is subjected to optical feedback and may degrade the overall performance of optical systems including sensors. Suppression...... of the noise has been demonstrated to improve the sensitivity of a coherent sensor by more than 23 dB...

5. Compact deep UV laser system at 222.5 nm by single-pass frequency doubling of high-power GaN diode laser emission

Science.gov (United States)

Ruhnke, Norman; Müller, André; Eppich, Bernd; Güther, Reiner; Maiwald, Martin; Sumpf, Bernd; Erbert, Götz; Tränkle, Günther

2016-03-01

Deep ultraviolet (DUV) lasers emitting below 300 nm are of great interest for many applications, for instance in medical diagnostics or for detecting biological agents. Established DUV lasers, e.g. gas lasers or frequency quadrupled solid-state lasers, are relatively bulky and have high power consumptions. A compact and reliable laser diode based system emitting in the DUV could help to address applications in environments where a portable and robust light source with low power consumption is needed. In this work, a compact DUV laser system based on single-pass frequency doubling of highpower GaN diode laser emission is presented. A commercially available high-power GaN laser diode from OSRAM Opto Semiconductors serves as a pump source. The laser diode is spectrally stabilized in an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) setup in Littrow configuration. The ECDL system reaches a maximum optical output power of 700 mW, maintaining narrowband emission below 60 pm (FWHM) at 445 nm over the entire operating range. By direct single pass frequency doubling in a BBO crystal with a length of 7.5 mm a maximum DUV output power of 16 μW at a wavelength of 222.5 nm is generated. The presented concept enables compact and efficient diode laser based light sources emitting in the DUV spectral range that are potentially suitable for in situ applications where a small footprint and low power consumption is essential.

6. Optomechanical design considerations in the development of the DDLT laser diode collimator

Science.gov (United States)

Kampe, Thomas U.; Johnson, Craig W.; Healy, Donald B.; Oschmann, Jacobus M.

1989-01-01

A laser diode collimator objective was developed in support of the Direct Detection Transceiver program. Close attention to optomechanical design issues including athermalization, alignment, selection of materials, mounting of elements, and hermetic sealing of the assembly was necessary to insure that the desired optical performance was maintained in space deployment.

7. Assessment of Hydrogen Sulfide Minimum Detection Limits of an Open Path Tunable Diode Laser

Science.gov (United States)

During June 2007, U.S. EPA conducted a feasibility study to determine whether the EPA OTM 10 measurement approach, also known as radial plume mapping (RPM), was feasible. A Boreal open-path tunable diode laser (OP-TDL) to collect path-integrated hydrogen sulfide measurements alon...

8. Red-light-emitting laser diodes operating CW at room temperature

Science.gov (United States)

Kressel, H.; Hawrylo, F. Z.

1976-01-01

Heterojunction laser diodes of AlGaAs have been prepared with threshold current densities substantially below those previously achieved at room temperature in the 7200-8000-A spectral range. These devices operate continuously with simple oxide-isolated stripe contacts to 7400 A, which extends CW operation into the visible (red) portion of the spectrum.

9. Developments toward a reliable diode-pumped hydrocarbon-free 795-nm rubidium laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, S S; Soules, T F; Page, R H; Mitchell, S C; Kanz, V K; Beach, R J

2008-05-07

We report a 795-nm diode-pumpable Rb laser using a buffer gas of pure {sup 3}He. {sup 3}He gas enhances mixing of the Rb fine-structure levels. This enables efficient lasing at reduced He pressures and improved thermal management.

10. An Initiative Toward Reliable Long-Duration Operation of Diode Lasers in Space

Science.gov (United States)

Tratt, David M.; Amzajerdian, Farzin; Stephen, Mark A.; Shapiro, Andrew A.

2006-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews the workings of the Laser Diode Arrays (LDA) working group. The group facilitates focused interaction between the LDA user and provider communities and it will author standards document for the specification and qualification of LDA's for operation in the space environment. It also reviews the NASA test and evaluation facilities that are available to the community.

11. Diode-pumped garnet crystal waveguide structures fabricated by pulsed laser deposition

OpenAIRE

May-Smith, T.C.; Wang, J.; Mackenzie, J.I.; Shepherd, D.P.; EASON, R. W.

2006-01-01

We report progress with diode-pumping of garnet crystal waveguide structures fabricated by PLD. Lasing has been achieved in a single-layer Nd:GGG film, and a four-layer structure with a Nd:GSGG core is currently undergoing laser trials.

12. All-Optical Switching Using Fabry-Perot Laser Diodes (Invited paper)

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

P.; K.; A.; Wai; L.; Y.; Chan; H.; Y.; Tam

2003-01-01

In this paper, we investigate all-optical packet switching using a multi-wavelength mutual injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode. We observe error-free packet-switching of a 10 Gb/s signal with an extinction ratio of 16.9.

13. Recent advances in actively cooled high-power laser diode bars

Science.gov (United States)

Ostrom, Nels P.; Roh, S. D.; Grasso, Daniel M.; Kane, Thomas J.

2007-02-01

In order to meet the ever increasing demands of many high power laser diode customers, Nuvonyx has worked to improve a number of key metrics of the diode laser package. The most often challenged specifications are power per bar, efficiency, and reliability in both hard pulse and constant current mode. In response to these requests, Nuvonyx has worked to offer commercial component devices in excess of 100 and 150 watts per bar package in multiple wavelengths. The packages are routinely combined to form single stacks that generate greater than 3.5 kilowatts each and two-dimensional arrays which produce light in excess of 10 kilowatts. These parts all demonstrate predicted lifetimes in excess of 10,000 hours. The micro-channel cooled heat sink has also been improved by closer matching the coefficient of thermal expansion of the cooler to the laser diode bar, which allows for harder solders such as gold-tin to be employed. All of this work has helped to meet the specifications of the most demanding laser diode customers.

14. Orofacial hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: high power diode laser in early and advanced lesion treatment

Science.gov (United States)

Tempesta, Angela; Franco, Simonetta; Miccoli, Simona; Suppressa, Patrizia; De Falco, Vincenzo; Crincoli, Vito; Lacaita, Mariagrazia; Giuliani, Michele; Favia, Gianfranco

2014-01-01

Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a muco-cutaneous inherited disease. Symptoms are epistaxis, visceral arterio-venous malformations, multiple muco-cutaneous telangiectasia with the risk of number increasing enlargement, bleeding, and super-infection. The aim of this work is to show the dual Diode Laser efficacy in preventive treatment of Early Lesions (EL telangiectasia.

15. Study of water molecule decomposition in plasma by diode laser spectroscopy and optical actinometry methods

Science.gov (United States)

Bernatskiy, A. V.; Lagunov, V. V.; Ochkin, V. N.; Tskhai, S. N.

2016-07-01

The methods of diode laser radiation absorption at vibrational–rotational molecule transitions and optical actinometry with measurements of its electron emission spectra are used independently to study water molecule dissociation in glow discharge plasma in a mixture of water vapor and inert gases at reduced pressure. The methods yield close results. The dissociation reaches 98%.

16. Bactericidal effect of a 405-nm diode laser on Porphyromonas gingivalis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study was conducted to determine the effect of 405-nm diode laser irradiation on periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. A diluted suspension of P. gingivalis was irradiated directly with a 405-nm diode laser under conditions of 100 mW-10 sec, 100 mW-20 sec, 200 mW-5 sec, 200 mW-10 sec, 200 mW-20 sec, 400 mW-5 sec, 400 mW-10 sec, and 400 mW-20 sec. The energy density ranged from 2.0 to 16.0 J/cm2. The irradiated bacterial suspension was spread on a blood agar plate and growth of the colonies was examined after an anaerobic culture for 7 days. Bacterial growth was inhibited under all irradiation conditions, but the bactericidal effect of the 405-nm diode laser depended on the energy density. More than 97% of bacterial growth was inhibited with irradiation at an energy density > 4.0 J/cm2. The mechanism of the bactericidal effect is photochemical, rather than photothermal. These findings suggest that a 405-nm diode laser has a high bactericidal effect on P. gingivalis

17. Pulse-shaping mechanism in colliding-pulse mode-locked laser diodes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bischoff, Svend; Sørensen, Mads Peter; Mørk, J.;

1995-01-01

The large signal dynamics of passively colliding pulse mode-locked laser diodes is studied. We derive a model which explains modelocking via the interplay of gain and loss dynamics; no bandwidth limiting element is necessary for pulse formation. It is found necessary to have both fast and slow...

18. A highly stable laser diode pumped cryogenic Yb:YAG nanosecond regenerative amplifier

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A diode-pumped cryogenic-cooled nanosecond Yb:YAG regenerative amplifier based on the disk concept has been developed and used in a joule-class MOPA laser system. The output pulse energy is more than 11 mJ at a 10 Hz repetition rate at 163 K. An excellent energy stability of 1.8% fluctuations is achieved. (paper)

19. A Compact Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer to Monitor CO2 at 2.7 µm Wavelength in Hypersonic Flows

OpenAIRE

Raphäel Vallon; Jacques Soutadé; Jean-Luc Vérant; Jason Meyers; Sébastien Paris; Ajmal Mohamed

2010-01-01

Since the beginning of the Mars planet exploration, the characterization of carbon dioxide hypersonic flows to simulate a spaceship’s Mars atmosphere entry conditions has been an important issue. We have developed a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer with a new room-temperature operating antimony-based distributed feedback laser (DFB) diode laser to characterize the velocity, the temperature and the density of such flows. This instrument has been tested during two measurement campaig...

20. Diode laser: In treatment of recurrent verrucous leukoplakia

OpenAIRE

Debanti Giri; Nitin Agarwal; Abhishek Sinha; Sunita Srivastava; Anuj Mishra

2016-01-01

Laser first came into light in 1960 and had been used extensively in various fields of medicine. Laser has been experimented in the various dental field, and its utility is being recognized and established well in the dentistry. Lasers are widely used for a number of procedures such as cavity preparation, scaling, and root planning, surgical procedures like excision of soft tissue growths, etc., Improved healing, hemostasis, and sutureless excisions are some of the many advantages of laser ov...

1. Use of a semiconductor-diode laser in urology

Science.gov (United States)

Watson, Graham M.

1994-05-01

The gallium arsenide semiconductor laser can emit in the near infrared where the depth of penetration into tissue is great although scattering is less than with the Nd:YAG laser. The laser is highly compact. It runs off a normal electrical outlet with no cooling requirement. It is therefore quiet and convenient. The laser has been assessed in a wide variety of applications in our urological department.

2. Iodine-frequency stabilized Telecom laser diode at 515 nm

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Philippe, Ch.; Du Burck, F.; Acef, O.; Hrabina, Jan; Pham, Minh Tuan

Brno: Ústav přístrojové techniky AV ČR, 2015, s. 56-57. ISBN 978-80-87441-16-9. [ LASER 55. Třešť (CZ), 21.10.2015-23.10.2015] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-18430S; GA MŠk(CZ) 7AMB14FR040 Institutional support: RVO:68081731 Keywords : laser standards * laser spectroscopy * metrology Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Laser s

3. Theoretical study of laser diodes with double optical feedbacks

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Chunlin Wang(王春林); Jian Wu(伍剑); Jintong Lin(林金桐)

2003-01-01

A new set of nonlinear rate equations that can describe the external cavity semiconductor laser with twooptical feedbacks is proposed. The dynamics of the semiconductor laser with two optical feedbacks arestudied. It is found that when lasers are biased above the threshold and operate in regime V, anotherfeedback can induce low frequency fluctuations.

4. Quantum dot resonant tunneling diode single photon detector with aluminum oxide aperture defined tunneling area

OpenAIRE

Li, H W; Kardynal, Beata; Ellis, D. J. P.; Shields, A.J.; Farrer, I.; Ritchie, D. A.

2008-01-01

Quantum dot resonant tunneling diode single photon detector with independently defined absorption and sensing areas is demonstrated. The device, in which the tunneling is constricted to an aperture in an insulating layer in the emitter, shows electrical characteristics typical of high quality resonant tunneling diodes. A single photon detection efficiency of 2.1%+/- 0.1% at 685 nm was measured corresponding to an internal quantum efficiency of 14%. The devices are simple to fabricate, robust,...

5. Diode laser operating on an atomic transition limited by an isotope ⁸⁷Rb Faraday filter at 780 nm.

Science.gov (United States)

Tao, Zhiming; Hong, Yelong; Luo, Bin; Chen, Jingbiao; Guo, Hong

2015-09-15

We demonstrate an extended cavity Faraday laser system using an antireflection-coated laser diode as the gain medium and the isotope (87)Rb Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as the frequency selective device. Using this method, the laser wavelength works stably at the highest transmission peak of the isotope (87)Rb FADOF over the laser diode current from 55 to 140 mA and the temperature from 15°C to 35°C. Neither the current nor the temperature of the laser diode has significant influence on the output frequency. Compared with previous extended cavity laser systems operating at frequencies irrelevant to spectacular atomic transition lines, the laser system realized here provides a stable laser source with the frequency operating on atomic transitions for many practical applications. PMID:26371933

6. Resistance-area product of diodes in a long-wavelength infrared HgCdTe mosaic array

Science.gov (United States)

Gopal, Vishnu; Dhar, Vikram

2002-02-01

A long wavelength infrared (LWIR) 2D (mosaic) diode array has been studied by numerically solving the diffusion equation in terms of thermally generated carriers in a n +-on-p HgCdTe diode in an array environment. The results are presented in terms of the resistance-area ( RA) product, in the diffusion-limited case. The results are compared with analytical expressions in the limiting case of the infinite diode. For a finite diode, with a definite junction depth, and a diode size that is smaller than the pitch, the RA, obtained from quasi-3D calculations, is smaller than that expected for the infinite diode case, the deviation being greater for small diodes. Commonly in the literature, the theoretical values of the infinite (1D) diode - which are overestimates - are stated as experimental targets. In the present calculations, the volume of the diode is considered to consist of two parts: one that contributes to the lateral diffusion current that is collected by the four lateral faces of the diode junction, and another that is the normal' diffusion current, collected by the planar part of the junction from the volume under' the diode. For the infinite diode case, only the latter component exists. The effect of the perimeter-to-area ratio on the RA in an array environment has been studied. The effective diffusion length associated with the finite diode geometry in an array differs from the standard diffusion length.

7. Multispectral antireflection coating simultaneously effective in visible, diode laser, Nd-YAG and eye safe laser wavelength

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Multi-spectral antireflection coating effective in visible region for sighting system, Nd-YAG laser wavelength for designator/seeker system, both diode laser and eye safe laser wavelength for ranging purpose can use common objective/receiver optics highly useful for state of art laser instrumentation. In this paper, design and fabrication of antireflection coating simultaneously effective in visible region (500 to 650nm), diode laser at 904±25nm and Nd-YAG laser at 1064±25nm, and erbium-glass laser wavelength at 1540±25nm has been reported. Inhomogeneous refractive index profile as suggested by Southwell was used to design this coating. The inhomogeneous profile was then approximated with eleven steps from substrate to air medium in order to obtain desirable antireflection property in the visible and laser wavelengths. These steps were then converted into the available coating materials (titanium-di-oxide and magnesium fluoride) of twenty-two layer stack. The multilayer stack was fabricated by using electron beam gun evaporation system in Balzers BAK-600 vacuum coating unit. The result achieved were less than 2% average reflection (98% average transmission) from 500 to 650nm, 1.5% reflection (98.5% average transmission) at 904nm, 1064nm and 1540nm. The coated samples successfully passed the specifications of MIL-C-14806 tests

8. Laser diode and pumped Cr:Yag passively Q-switched yellow-green laser at 543 nm

Science.gov (United States)

Yao, Y.; Ling, Zhao; Li, B.; Qu, D. P.; Zhou, K.; Zhang, Y. B.; Zhao, Y.; Zheng, Q.

2013-03-01

Efficient and compact yellow green pulsed laser output at 543 nm is generated by frequency doubling of a passively Q-switched end diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser at 1086 nm under the condition of sup-pressing the higher gain transition near 1064 nm. With 15 W of diode pump power and the frequency doubling crystal LBO, as high as 1.58 W output power at 543 nm is achieved. The optical to optical conversion efficiency from the corresponding Q-switched fundamental output to the yellow green output is 49%. The peak power of the Q-switched yellow green pulse laser is up to 30 kW with 5 ns pulse duration. The output power stability over 8 hours is better than 2.56% at the maximum output power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest watt-level laser at 543 nm generated by frequency doubling of a passively Q-switched end diode pumped Nd:YVO4 laser at 1086 nm.

9. Overview of the Lucia laser program: toward 100-Joules, nanosecond-pulse, kW averaged power based on ytterbium diode-pumped solid state laser

Science.gov (United States)

Chanteloup, J.-C.; Yu, H.; Bourdet, G.; Dambrine, C.; Ferre, S.; Fulop, A.; Le Moal, S.; Pichot, A.; Le Touze, G.; Zhao, Z.

2005-04-01

We present the current status of the Lucia laser being built at the LULI laboratory, the national civil facility for intense laser matter interaction in France. This diode pumped laser will deliver a 100 Joules, 10 ns, 10 Hz pulse train from Yb:YAG using 4400 power diode laser bars. We first focus on the amplifier stage by describing the reasons for selecting our extraction architecture. Thermal issues and solutions for both laser and pumping heads are then described. Finally, we emphasize more specifically the need for long-lifetime high-laser-damage-threshold coatings and optics.

10. Nonlinear distortion evaluation in a directly modulated distributed feedback laser diode-based fiber-optic cable television transport system

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Chung-Yi; Ying, Cheng-Ling; Lin, Chun-Yu; Chu, Chien-An

2015-12-01

This study evaluated a directly modulated distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode (LD) for cable TV systems with respect to carrier-to-nonlinear distortion of LDs. The second-order distortion-to-carrier ratio is found to be proportional to that of the second-order coefficient-to-first-order coefficient of the DFB laser diode driving current and to the optical modulation index (OMI). Furthermore, the third-order distortion-to-carrier ratio is proportional to that of the third-order coefficient-to-first-order coefficient of the DFB laser diode driving current, and to the OMI2.

11. Direct-writing lithography using laser diode beam focused with single elliptical microlens

Science.gov (United States)

Hasan, Md. Nazmul; Haque, Muttahid-Ull; Trisno, Jonathan; Lee, Yung-Chun

2015-10-01

A lithography method is proposed for arbitrary patterning using an elliptically diverging laser diode beam focused with a single planoconvex elliptical microlens. Simulations are performed to model the propagation properties of the laser beam and to design the elliptical microlens, which has two different profiles in the x- and y-axis directions. The microlens is fabricated using an excimer laser dragging method and is then attached to the laser diode using double-sided optically cleared adhesive (OCA) tape. Notably, the use of OCA tape removes the need for a complicated alignment procedure and thus significantly reduces the assembly cost. The minimum focused spot of the laser diode beam is investigated by performing single-shot exposure tests on a photoresist (PR) layer. Finally, the practical feasibility of this lithography technique to generate an arbitrary pattern is demonstrated by dotted and continuous features through thin chromium layer deposition on PR and a metal lift-off process. The results show that the minimum feature size for the dotted patterns is around 6.23 μm, while the minimum linewidths for continuous patterns is 6.44 μm. In other words, the proposed focusing technique has significant potential for writing any arbitrary high-resolution pattern for applications like printed circuit board fabrication.

12. Evaluation of patient perceptions after labial frenectomy procedure: A comparison of diode laser and scalpel techniques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kalakonda Butchibabu

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Frenectomy is the complete excision of the frenum along with its attachment to the underlying bone. It can be done by conventional technique, electrosurgery or soft tissue lasers. Aim: To evaluate the effects of diode laser and scalpel technique on degree of post-operative pain and discomfort experienced by patients on the 1 st , 3 rd and the 7 th post-operative days after frenectomy. Materials and Methods: Ten patients who required frenectomy were randomly assigned to undergo treatment with diode laser or scalpel. The data were analyzed with paired t-test and intragroup comparison was determined by ANOVA. Results: Intergroup comparison of the mean VAS scores for discomfort and pain for both the groups showed significant difference. The VAS scores of pain and discomfort within scalpel group between 1 st and 3 rd day did not show any significant difference, however between 7 th day versus 3 rd and 1 st day difference was highly significant. The VAS scores of pain and discomfort within laser group between all the days showed significant difference. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the clinical outcome, the diode laser is a dependable alternative as it is an efficient and satisfactory option for procedures like frenectomy.

13. Ambient diode laser desorption dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry of nonvolatile chemicals.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert-López, Bienvenida; Schilling, Michael; Ahlmann, Norman; Michels, Antje; Hayen, Heiko; Molina-Díaz, Antonio; García-Reyes, Juan F; Franzke, Joachim

2013-03-19

In this work, the combined use of desorption by a continuous wave near-infrared diode laser and ionization by a dielectric barrier discharge-based probe (laser desorption dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry (LD-DBDI-MS)) is presented as an ambient ionization method for the mass spectrometric detection of nonvolatile chemicals on surfaces. A separation of desorption and ionization processes could be verified. The use of the diode laser is motivated by its low cost, ease of use, and small size. To achieve an efficient desorption, the glass substrates are coated at the back side with a black point (target point, where the sample is deposited) in order to absorb the energy offered by the diode laser radiation. Subsequent ionization is accomplished by a helium plasmajet generated in the dielectric barrier discharge source. Examples on the application of this approach are shown in both positive and negative ionization modes. A wide variety of multiclass species with low vapor pressure were tested including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and explosives (reserpine, roxithromycin, propazine, prochloraz, spinosad, ampicillin, dicloxacillin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, spinosad, cyclo-1,3,5,7-tetramethylene tetranitrate (HMX), and cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene trinitramine (RDX)). A comparative evaluation revealed that the use of the laser is advantageous, compared to just heating the substrate surface. PMID:23419061

14. Laser diode induced white light emission of γ-Al2O3 nano-powders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A broadband white light emission was observed ranging from 450 to 900 nm from nominally un-doped γ-Al2O3 nano-powders under 803.5 nm and 975 nm laser diode excitations. The white light emission has a strong dependence on both the environment pressure and the pumping laser power. We spectroscopically characterized this white light emission in a systematic way by collecting spectra, measuring decay- and rise patterns and changing parameters such as pumping power, pumping wavelength, environment temperature and pressure. - Highlights: • Nominally un-doped commercial γ-Al2O3 nanopowders were used. • We report the production of white light from nominally un-doped γ-Al2O3 nano-powders under laser diode excitation. • Some spectroscopic parameters of obtained white light emission were determined under a variety of conditions

15. Selective isotope determination of lanthanum by diode-laser-initiated resonance-ionization mass spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A diode-laser step has been incorporated into a resonance-ionization mass spectrometry optical excitation process to enhance the isotopic selectivity of the technique. Lanthanum isotope ratio enhancements as high as 103 were achieved by use of a single-frequency cw diode laser tuned to excite the first step of a three-step excitation--ionization optical process; the subsequent steps were excited by use of a pulsed dye laser. Applying the same optical technique, we measured atomic hyperfine constants for the high-lying even-parity 4D5/2 state of lanthanum at 30 354 cm--1. The general utility of this spectral approach is discussed

16. Diode laser irradiation of rat blood and its effect on hemoglobin and plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blood was exposed to diode laser irradiation of wavelength 830 nm and maximum powe of 31.4 MW, with exposure times 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. Hemoglobin IR spectra and X-ray crystallography, plasma Na+, K+, Ca++. cholesterol concentrations and viscosity were measured. There were changes in hemoglobin amide groups as well as changes in the X-ray in hemoglobin structure. Decreases in both Na concentration and plasma viscosity occurred at 15 and 30 minutes of laser exposure. On increasing time to 45 and 60 minutes, the Na concentration and viscosity were increased. K, Ca and cholesterol concentration were decreased linearly with time. Na / K ratio was increased also with time of exposure. The results have been indicated that the diode laser affect the secondary structure of hemoglobin, membranes structures and plasma

17. Assessment of Hematological and Immunological Changes Associated With Diode Laser Turbinoplasty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

20 patients undergoing laser surgery of the inferior turbinate participated in the present study to compare the pre and post-operative changes of the symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis, blood picture, IgE, interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interferon-gamma. After one month of diode laser turbinoplasty, there was improvement in clinical symptoms like nasal obstruction, sneezing and rhinorrhoea. Regarding the blood picture, there was marked relative eosinopenia while the total leucocytic count showed a significant increase. The erythroid series showed almost no changes. The operation was accompanied also with a significant decrease in IgE and interleukin-5, at the same time interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma showed insignificant decrease and increase respectively. These results denoted that diode laser inferior turbinoplasty improves not only the clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis but it has also an immune effect by modulating T-cell function and tilting the Th 1/Th 2 balance towards Th 1 dominant state.

18. Describing a Laser Diode Emulation Tool Using Single Emitter Simulation Results

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C.K. Amuzuvi

2013-02-01

Full Text Available This study describes and explores the use of a laser diode simulation tool at the single emitter level of operation and how they can be degraded. A test of the simulation tool is implemented to complement the by-emitter degradation analysis of high power laser diodes. The simulation tool is called Speclase, designed for the simulation of single emitters. Tests were performed using a 975 nm narrow-angle (<1º tapered laser structure from Alcatel Thales III-V Lab with front and rear facet reflectivities of 3 and 90%, respectively. The tool worked for both the constant current and power modes of operation. Simulation results were obtained for both constant QW trap density, based on the maximum QW temperature and variable QW trap density generation due to local heating. Single emitter degradation results are obtained using the Arrhenius equation to compare the rate of degradation between the constant and variable QW trap densities.

19. THERMAL LENSING MEASUREMENTS IN THE ANISOTROPIC LASER CRYSTALS UNDER DIODE PUMPING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. A. Loiko

2012-01-01

Full Text Available An experimental setup was developed for thermal lensing measurements in the anisotropic diode-pumped laser crystals. The studied crystal is placed into the stable two-mirror laser cavity operating at the fundamental transversal mode. The output beam radius is measured with respect to the pump intensity for different meridional planes (all these planes contain the light propagation direction. These dependencies are fitted using the ABCD matrix method in order to obtain the sensitivity factors showing the change of the optical power of thermal lens due to variation of the pump intensity. The difference of the sensitivity factors for two mutually orthogonal principal meridional planes describes the thermal lens astigmatism degree. By means of this approach, thermal lensing was characterized in the diode-pumped monoclinic Np-cut Nd:KGd(WO42 laser crystal at the wavelength of 1.067 μm for light polarization E || Nm.

20. Frequency chirped light at large detuning with an injection-locked diode laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have developed a laser system to generate frequency-chirped light at rapid modulation speeds (∼100 MHz) with a large frequency offset. Light from an external cavity diode laser with its frequency locked to an atomic resonance is passed through a lithium niobate electro-optical phase modulator. The phase modulator is driven by a ∼6 GHz signal whose frequency is itself modulated with a RF MHz signal (<200 MHz). A second injection locked diode laser is used to filter out all of the light except the frequency-chirped ±1 order by more than 30 dB. Using this system, it is possible to generate a 1 GHz frequency chirp in 5 ns

1. Frequency chirped light at large detuning with an injection-locked diode laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teng, K.; Disla, M.; Dellatto, J.; Limani, A.; Kaufman, B.; Wright, M. J., E-mail: mwright@adelphi.edu [Physics Department, Adelphi University, 1 South Ave., Garden City, New York 11530 (United States)

2015-04-15

We have developed a laser system to generate frequency-chirped light at rapid modulation speeds (∼100 MHz) with a large frequency offset. Light from an external cavity diode laser with its frequency locked to an atomic resonance is passed through a lithium niobate electro-optical phase modulator. The phase modulator is driven by a ∼6 GHz signal whose frequency is itself modulated with a RF MHz signal (<200 MHz). A second injection locked diode laser is used to filter out all of the light except the frequency-chirped ±1 order by more than 30 dB. Using this system, it is possible to generate a 1 GHz frequency chirp in 5 ns.

2. A Continuous-Wave Diode-Side-Pumped Tm:YAG Laser with Output 51 W

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

ZHANG Xiao-Fu; CUI DaFu; XU Zu-Yan; XU Yi-Ting; LI Cheng-Ming; ZONG Nan; XU Jia-Lin; CUI Qian-Jin; LU Yuan-Fu; BO Yong; PENG Qin-Jun

2008-01-01

A compact diode-side-pumped Tm:YAG laser is presented, which can output 51 W of cw power at 2.02μm. The Tm:YAG rod is side pumped by nine diode arrays with the central wavelength of 783nm and the with bandwidth of about 2.5 nm at 25℃. To decrease the thermal effect on the both ends and dissipate the heat effectively, one composite Tm:YAG rod with the undoped YAG end caps and the screw threads on the side surface of the rod is used as the laser crystal. The maximum optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of the 2.02-μm laser output is 14.2%, with a slope efficiency of 26.8%.

3. Diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond Yb:YAG ceramic laser

Science.gov (United States)

Zi-Ye, Gao; Jiang-Feng, Zhu; Ke, Wang; Jun-Li, Wang; Zhao-Hua, Wang; Zhi-Yi, Wei

2016-02-01

We experimentally demonstrated a diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser based on an Yb:YAG ceramic. Stable laser pulses with 97-fs duration, 2.8-nJ pulse energy, and 320-mW average power were obtained. The femtosecond oscillator operated at a central wavelength of 1049 nm and a repetition rate of 115 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a Kerr-lens mode-locked operation in a diode-pumped Yb:YAG ceramic laser with sub-100 fs pulse duration. Project supported by the National Major Scientific Instrument Development Project of China (Grant No. 2012YQ120047), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61205130), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. JB140502).

4. Visible Solid State Lasers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hikmet, R.A.M.

2007-01-01

Diode lasers can be found in various applications most notably in optical communication and optical storage. Visible lasers were until recently were all based on IR diode lasers. Using GaN, directly blue and violet emitting lasers have also been introduced to the market mainly in the area of optical

5. Free-space and underwater GHz data transmission using AlGaInN laser diode technology

Science.gov (United States)

Najda, S. P.; Perlin, P.; Suski, T.; Marona, L.; Boćkowski, M.; Leszczyński, M.; Wisniewski, P.; Czernecki, R.; Kucharski, R.; Targowski, G.; Watson, S.; Kelly, A. E.

2016-05-01

Laser diodes fabricated from the AlGaInN material system is an emerging technology for defence and security applications; in particular for free space laser communication. Conventional underwater communication is done acoustically with very slow data rates, short reach, and vulnurable for interception. AlGaInN blue-green laser diode technology allows the possibility of both airbourne links and underwater telecom that operate at very fast data rates (GHz), long reach (100's of metres underwater) and can also be quantum encrypted. The latest developments in AlGaInN laser diode technology are reviewed for defence and security applications. The AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide range of wavelengths from u.v., ~380nm, to the visible ~530nm, by tuning the indium content of the laser GaInN quantum well. Ridge waveguide laser diode structures are fabricated to achieve single mode operation with optical powers of <100mW. Visible light communications at high frequency (up to 2.5 Gbit/s) using a directly modulated 422nm Galliumnitride (GaN) blue laser diode is reported in free-space and underwater.

6. Diode laser soldering using a lead-free filler material for electronic packaging structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chaminade, C. [IREPA LASER, Parc d' innovation, Pole API, 67400 Illkirch (France)]. E-mail: cc@irepa.u-strabg.fr; Fogarassy, E. [IREPA LASER, Parc d' innovation, Pole API, 67400 Illkirch (France); Boisselier, D. [IREPA LASER, Parc d' innovation, Pole API, 67400 Illkirch (France)

2006-04-30

As of today, several lead-free soldering pastes have been qualified for currently used soldering process. Regarding the new potential of laser-assisted soldering processes, the behaviour of the SnAgCu soldering paste requires, however, new investigations. In the first part of this study, the specific temperature profile of a laser soldering process is investigated using a high power diode laser (HPDL). These experimental results are compared to a thermal simulation developed for this specific application. The second part of this work deals with the diffusion of the tin-based filler material through the nickel barrier using the information extracted from the temperature simulations.

7. Diode laser soldering using a lead-free filler material for electronic packaging structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As of today, several lead-free soldering pastes have been qualified for currently used soldering process. Regarding the new potential of laser-assisted soldering processes, the behaviour of the SnAgCu soldering paste requires, however, new investigations. In the first part of this study, the specific temperature profile of a laser soldering process is investigated using a high power diode laser (HPDL). These experimental results are compared to a thermal simulation developed for this specific application. The second part of this work deals with the diffusion of the tin-based filler material through the nickel barrier using the information extracted from the temperature simulations

8. Improvement of the hot work tool steel surface layers properties using a high power diode laser

OpenAIRE

Klimpel, A; M. Piec; L.A. Dobrzański

2007-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is focused on the X38CrMoV5-3 hot work tool steel surface layers properties using HPDL laser.Design/methodology/approach: The aim of this research paper is to present deposition technologies, investigation of structure and properties of the X38CrMoV5-3 hot work tool steel alloying with ceramic particles using high power diode laser HPDL. Selection of laser operating conditions is discussed, as well as beam face quality after remelting, hardness, mic...

9. Widely Tunable High-Power Tapered Diode Laser at 1060 nm

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Sumpf, Bernd; Erbert, Götz;

2011-01-01

We report a large tuning range from 1018 to 1093 nm from a InGaAs single quantum-well 1060-nm external cavity tapered diode laser. More than 2.5-W output power has been achieved. The tuning range is to our knowledge the widest obtained from a high-power InGaAs single quantum-well tapered laser...... operating around 1060 nm. The light emitted by the laser has a nearly diffraction limited beam quality and a narrow linewidth of less than 6 pm everywhere in the tuning range....

10. Fiber-coupled diode laser modules with wavelengths around 2 μm

Science.gov (United States)

Haverkamp, Mark; Wieching, Kristin; Traub, Martin; Boucke, Konstantin

2007-02-01

The common wavelength regime for high-power diode laser modules is the range between 800 nm and 1000 nm. However, there are also many applications that demand for a wavelength of around 2 μm. This wavelength range is extremely interesting for applications such as the processing of plastics, medical applications as well as environmental analytics. The interest in lasers with this wavelength is based on the special absorption characteristics of different types of material: Numerous plastics possess an intrinsic absorption around 2 μm, so that the use of additives is no longer necessary. This is of great value especially for medical-technical products, where additives require a separate approval. Furthermore the longer wavelength allows the processing of plastics which are clear and transparent at the visible. In addition, water, which is an essential element of biologic soft tissue, absorbs radiation at the wavelength about 2 μm very efficiently. As radiation of this wavelength can be guided by glass fibers, this wavelength may be very helpful for laser surgery. Currently available lasers at the spectral range about 2 μm are solid-state lasers based on Ho- and Tmdoped crystals. These systems suffer from high purchase costs as well as size and weight. In contrast to this, diode lasers can be built more compact, are much cheaper and more efficient. For this background, GaSb based high-power laser diodes for the wavelength regime of 1.9 - 2.3 μm are developed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solid State Physics (IAF). At the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), fiber-coupled laser diode modules based on these laser bars are designed and realized. A first module prototype uses two laser bars with a wavelength of 1.9 μm to provide an output power of approx. 15 W from a 600 μm, NA 0.22 fiber. The module setup as well as the characteristics of the laser bars at 1.9 μm wavelength are described in this paper.

11. Measurement of sub-15-fs laser pulses by a light-emitting diode

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Smrž, M.; Straka, Petr

Bellingham : SPIE, 2005 - (Kodymová, J.), s. 646-765 ISBN 0-8194-5760-4. ISSN 0277-786X. - (Proceedings of SPIE. 5777). [International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers /15./. Prague (CZ), 30.08.2004-3.09.2004] R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LN00A100; GA AV ČR(CZ) KSK2043105 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100523 Keywords : ultrashort puls measurement * femtosecond * light emitting diode * LED * interferometric autocorelation * PICASO Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers

12. "Application of Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometry to Isotopic Studies for Exobiology"

Science.gov (United States)

Sauke, Todd B.

1999-01-01

Computer-controlled electrically-activated valves for rapid gas-handling have been incorporated into the Stable Isotope Laser Spectrometer (SILS) which now permits rapid filling and evacuating of the sample and reference gas cells, Experimental protocols have been developed to take advantage of the fast gas handling capabilities of the instrument and to achieve increased accuracy which results from reduced instrumental drift during rapid isotopic ratio measurements. Using these protocols' accuracies of 0.5 del (0.05%) have been achieved in measurements of 13C/12C in carbon dioxide. Using the small stable isotope laser spectrometer developed in a related PIDDP project of the Co-I, protocols for acquisition of rapid sequential calibration spectra were developed which resulted in 0.5 del accuracy also being achieved in this less complex instrument. An initial version of software for automatic characterization of tunable diode lasers has been developed and diodes have been characterized in order to establish their spectral output properties. A new state-of-the-art high operating temperature (200 K) mid infrared diode laser was purchased (through NASA procurement) and characterized. A thermo-electrically cooled mid infrared tunable diode laser system for use with high temperature operation lasers was developed. In addition to isotopic ratio measurements of carbon and oxygen, measurements of a third biologically important element (15N/14N in N2O gas) have been achieved to a preliminary accuracy of about 0.2%. Transfer of the basic SILS technology to the commercial sector is proceeding under an unfunded Space Act Agreement between NASA and SpiraMed, a medical diagnostic instrument company. Two patents have been issued. Foreign patents based on these two US patents have been applied for and are expected to be issued. A preliminary design was developed for a thermo-electrically cooled SILS instruments for application to planetary space flight exploration missions.

13. Pilot study: intravenous use of indocyanine green as an enhancer for 808-nm diode laser application in the equine

Science.gov (United States)

Tate, Lloyd P.; Blikslager, Anthony T.; Papich, Mark G.

2000-05-01

The 808-nm diode laser, delivering 20 - 40 watts of power, has been produced for medical applications by several manufacturers over the past 10 years. This laser's power output is less than most Neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers and other high power cutting lasers that use fiberoptic delivery systems. The 808-nm diode laser has not gained popularity in equine transendoscopic laser surgery. Indocyanine green (ICG) is absorbed at 810-nm of light which when concentrated in tissue should be an excellent absorber for the energy produced by the 808-nm diode laser. This study compares the depths and widths of penetration achieved with the 808-nm diode laser after intravenous injection of ICG in equine respiratory tissue. Indocyanine green was administered at two doses: 1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg. The 808-nm diode laser was set to deliver 200 joules of energy. The depths and widths of penetration were also compared to the Nd:YAG laser applied at the same energy setting.

14. Chemical kinetic studies of atmospheric reactions using tunable diode laser spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Worsnop, Douglas R.; Nelson, David D.; Zahniser, Mark S.

1993-01-01

IR absorption using tunable diode laser spectroscopy provides a sensitive and quantitative detection method for laboratory kinetic studies of atmospheric trace gases. Improvements in multipass cell design, real time signal processing, and computer controlled data acquisition and analysis have extended the applicability of the technique. We have developed several optical systems using off-axis resonator mirror designs which maximize path length while minimizing both the sample volume and the interference fringes inherent in conventional 'White' cells. Computerized signal processing using rapid scan (300 kHz), sweep integration with 100 percent duty cycle allows substantial noise reduction while retaining the advantages of using direct absorption for absolute absorbance measurements and simultaneous detection of multiple species. Peak heights and areas are determined by curve fitting using nonlinear least square methods. We have applied these techniques to measurements of: (1) heterogeneous uptake chemistry of atmospheric trace gases (HCl, H2O2, and N2O5) on aqueous and sulfuric acid droplets; (2) vapor pressure measurements of nitric acid and water over prototypical stratospheric aerosol (nitric acid trihydrate) surfaces; and (3) discharge flow tube kinetic studies of the HO2 radical using isotopic labeling for product channel and mechanistic analysis. Results from each of these areas demonstrate the versatility of TDL absorption spectroscopy for atmospheric chemistry applications.

15. Compact, diode-pumped, solid-state lasers for next generation defence and security sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Silver, M.; Lee, S. T.; Borthwick, A.; McRae, I.; Jackson, D.; Alexander, W.

2015-06-01

Low-cost semiconductor laser diode pump sources have made a dramatic impact in sectors such as advanced manufacturing. They are now disrupting other sectors, such as defence and security (D&S), where Thales UK is a manufacturer of sensor systems for application on land, sea, air and man portable. In this talk, we will first give an overview of the market trends and challenges in the D&S sector. Then we will illustrate how low cost pump diodes are enabling new directions in D&S sensors, by describing two diode pumped, solid- state laser products currently under development at Thales UK. The first is a new generation of Laser Target Designators (LTD) that are used to identify targets for the secure guiding of munitions. Current systems are bulky, expensive and require large battery packs to operate. The advent of low cost diode technology, merged with our novel solid-state laser design, has created a designator that will be the smallest, lowest cost, STANAG compatible laser designator on the market. The LTD delivers greater that 50mJ per pulse up to 20Hz, and has compact dimensions of 125×70×55mm. Secondly, we describe an ultra-compact, eye-safe, solid-state laser rangefinder (LRF) with reduced size, weight and power consumption compared to existing products. The LRF measures 100×55×34mm, weighs 200g, and can range to greater than 10km with a single laser shot and at a reprate of 1Hz. This also leverages off advances in laser pump diodes, but also utilises low cost, high reliability, packaging technology commonly found in the telecoms sector. As is common in the D&S sector, the products are designed to work in extreme environments, such as wide temperature range (-40 to +71°C) and high levels of shock and vibration. These disruptive products enable next- generation laser sensors such as rangefinders, target designators and active illuminated imagers.

16. Beam shaping concepts for kW-class CW and QCW diode lasers

Science.gov (United States)

Unger, Andreas; Fassbender, Willhelm; Müntz, Holger; Köhler, Bernd; Biesenbach, Jens

2016-03-01

In modern diode lasers beam shaping of the highly asymmetric laser beam, which exits the front facet of the semiconductor laser material, is a crucial step towards cost efficient high brightness laser modules which in turn can be further combined towards kW-class diode lasers and can be efficiently fiber coupled. In order to scale up the power of a single laser module in an economic way, high fill factor laser bars are employed. The increased power density from such a laser bar requires improved cooling technologies. On the other hand the increased fill factor of the bar makes advanced beam shaping necessary to be able to achieve small focal spot sizes and couple the laser module efficiently into optical fibers. Finally, to be able to mass produce the laser modules, it is desirable to design the module in a way that allows automated packaging and optics alignment. In this talk, the beam shaping concepts developed at DILAS for high fill factor bars are presented. Starting from optical simulation and choice of optical elements the laser modules incorporating these bars are presented. The concepts developed enable very compact laser modules of up to 2kW of power at a single wavelength with beam qualities of less than 40mm x mrad. Optionally these modules can be wavelength stabilized via external feedback. The packaging technology developed enables the automated alignment of the optics and cooling is DI-water free. Based on the same concepts very compact free space and fiber coupled QCW packages are presented as well.

17. Photobiomodulation with low-level diode laser promotes osteoblast migration in an in vitro micro wound model

Science.gov (United States)

Tschon, Matilde; Incerti-Parenti, Serena; Cepollaro, Simona; Checchi, Luigi; Fini, Milena

2015-07-01

Laser photobiomodulation can improve bone healing, but well-defined treatment parameters are lacking. Saos-2 human osteoblast-like cells were subjected to an in vitro scratch-wound healing assay and irradiated by a 915-nm gallium-aluminum-arsenide diode laser for 0, 48, 96, and 144 s using doses of, respectively, 0, 5, 10, and 15 J/cm2. Wound area was measured after 4, 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability, DNA content, gene expression, and release of bone-related proteins were evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 h. Laser significantly improved wound healing compared with nonirradiated controls. Cells treated with laser doses of 5 and 10 J/cm2 reached wound closure after 72 h, followed by 15 J/cm2 after 96 h. With the cell proliferation inhibitor Mitomycin C, the doses of 10 and 15 J/cm2 maintained an improved wound healing compared with controls. Laser increased collagen type 1 gene expression with higher doses inducing a longer-lasting effect, whereas transforming growth factor-beta 1 showed comparable or decreased levels in irradiated versus nonirradiated groups, with no effect on protein release. This study demonstrated that laser photobiomodulation at 915 nm promoted wound healing mainly through stimulation of cell migration and collagen deposition by osteoblasts.

18. Microjet-assisted dye-enhanced diode laser ablation of cartilaginous tissue

Science.gov (United States)

Pohl, John; Bell, Brent A.; Motamedi, Massoud; Frederickson, Chris J.; Wallace, David B.; Hayes, Donald J.; Cowan, Daniel

1994-08-01

Recent studies have established clinical application of laser ablation of cartilaginous tissue. The goal of this study was to investigate removal of cartilaginous tissue using diode laser. To enhance the interaction of laser light with tissue, improve the ablation efficiency and localize the extent of laser-induced thermal damage in surrounding tissue, we studied the use of a novel delivery system developed by MicroFab Technologies to dispense a known amount of Indocyanine Green (ICG) with a high spatial resolution to alter the optical properties of the tissue in a controlled fashion. Canine intervertebral disks were harvested and used within eight hours after collection. One hundred forty nL of ICG was topically applied to both annulus and nucleus at the desired location with the MicroJet prior to each irradiation. Fiber catheters (600 micrometers ) were used and positioned to irradiate the tissue with a 0.8 mm spot size. Laser powers of 3 - 10 W (Diomed, 810 nm) were used to irradiate the tissue with ten pulses (200 - 500 msec). Discs not stained with ICG were irradiated as control samples. Efficient tissue ablation (80 - 300 micrometers /pulse) was observed using ICG to enhance light absorption and confine thermal damage while there was no observable ablation in control studied. The extent of tissue damage observed microscopically was limited to 50 - 100 micrometers . The diode laser/Microjet combination showed promise for applications involving removal of cartilaginous tissue. This procedure can be performed using a low power compact diode laser, is efficient, and potentially more economical compared to procedures using conventional lasers.

19. Study on the focusing position effects in a diode end-pumped Nd:YAG laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Kyung Nam; Seo, Hyo Jeong; Kim, Ha Na; Ryu, Ji Wook; Kim, Yong Gi [Kongju National University, Kongju (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Duk Hyeon [Hanbat National University, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2010-08-15

A multi-kHz high-repetition-rate laser-diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser was developed, and its lasing properties were demonstrated for laser optimization. The dependence of the output power on the pump beam's focusing position in the Nd:YAG crystal was determined. The optimum focusing position of the pump beam for efficient extraction of the diode's pump energy was confirmed to be 1 mm inside the laser crystal from the surface of the Nd:YAG. This focusing position is independent of the length of the laser crystal. The beam quality factor, M{sup 2}, was decreased from values of 2.8 {approx} 2.9 to less than 1.3 in both the CW and the pulsed modes by insertion of a 500 {approx} 600 {mu}m aperture inside the laser cavity. In second harmonic generation (SHG), we found that the output power and the pulse width were very sensitive to the LBO operating temperature. We confirmed that controlling the LBO crystal's temperature was very important for efficient and stable operation of the 532 nm laser.

20. Quantitative pump-induced wavefront distortions in laser-diode- and flash-lamp-pumped Nd:YLF laser rods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Detailed interferometric measurements of the induced thermal distortions due to laser-diode and xenon flashlamp pumping of Nd:YLF are presented. The thermal distortions are quantified in terms of the primary aberrations of defocus, astigmatism, coma, and spherical. Defocus and astigmatism are shown to dominate the thermal aberrations. The measured defocus and astigmatism are converted to the conventional thermal-focal lengths in two perpendicular directions with respect to the Nd:YLF crystalline c axis for each of the two polarization states σ and π. A comparison of the thermal-focal lengths measured with the xenon flashlamp- and laser-diode-pumped rods is given when the rods are pumped to the same small-signal gain. The authors calculate effective dioptric-power coefficients from the data for comparison to those reported in the literature for krypton-flashlamp pumping. A thermal-time constant of 1.5 s is measured for the laser-diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser rod
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