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Review Questions

# Review Questions

1.
Who was the first person to isolate the material that came to be known as nucleic acids?
1. Frederick Griffith
2. Friedrich Miescher
3. James Watson
4. Oswald Avery
2.
What is bacterial transformation?
1. The transformation of a bacterium occurs during replication.
2. It is the transformation of a bacterium into a pathogenic form.
3. Transformation of bacteria involves changes in its chromosome.
4. Transformation is a process in which external DNA is taken up by a cell, thereby changing morphology and physiology.
3.

What type of nucleic acid material is analyzed the frequently in forensics cases?

1. cytoplasmic rRNA
2. mitochondrial DNA
3. nuclear chromosomal DNA
4. nuclear mRNA
4.
The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped confirm that DNA was the hereditary material on the basis of the finding of what?
1. Radioactive phages were found in the pellet.
2. Radioactive cells were found in the supernatant.
3. Radioactive sulfur was found inside the cell.
4. Radioactive phosphorus was found in the cell.
5.

If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it was found that it contains 27 percent A, what would be the percentage of C?

1. 23 percent
2. 27 percent
3. 30 percent
4. 54 percent
6.

If the sequence of the 5' to 3' strand is AATGCTAC, then the complementary sequence has the following sequence:

1. 3'-AATGCTAC-5'
2. 3'-CATCGTAA-5'
3. 3'-TTACGATG-5'
4. 3'-GTAGCATT-5'
7.
The DNA double helix does not have which of the following?
1. antiparallel configuration
2. complementary base pairing
3. major and minor grooves
4. uracil
8.

What is a purine?

1. a double-ring structure with a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring
2. a single six-membered ring
3. a six-membered ring
4. three phosphates covalently bonded by phosphodiester bonds
9.

What is the name of the method developed by Fred Sanger to sequence DNA?

1. dideoxy chain termination
2. double helix determination
3. polymerase chain reaction
4. polymer gel electrophoresis
10.
What happens when a dideoxynucleotide is added to a developing DNA strand?
1. The chain extends to the end of the DNA strand.
2. The DNA stand is duplicated.
3. The chain is not extended any further.
4. The last codon is repeated.
11.
In eukaryotes, what is DNA wrapped around?
1. histones
2. polymerase
3. single-stranded binding proteins
4. sliding clamp
12.
Which enzyme is only found in prokaryotic organisms?
1. DNA gyrase
2. helicase
3. ligase
4. telomerase
13.
Uracil is found where?
1. chromosomal DNA
2. helicase
3. mitochondrial DNA
4. mRNA
14.
What prevents the further development of a DNA strand in Sanger sequencing?
1. the addition of DNA reductase
3. the elimination of DNA polymerase
15.

Which of the following is not one of the proteins involved during the formation of the replication fork?

1. helicase
2. ligase
3. origin of replication
4. single-stranded binding proteins
16.

In which direction does DNA replication take place?

1. 5' to 3'
2. 3' to 5'
3. 5'
4. 3'
17.
Meselson and Stahl’s experiments proved that DNA replicates by which mode?
1. conservative
2. converse
3. dispersive
4. semi-conservative
18.
Which set of results was found in the Meselson and Stahl’s experiments?
1. The original chromosome was kept intact and a duplicate was made.
2. The original chromosome was split and half went to each duplicate.
3. The original chromosome was mixed with new material and each duplicate strand contained both old and new.
4. The original chromosome was used as a template for two new chromosomes and discarded.
19.
Which enzyme initiates the splitting of the double DNA strand during replication?
1. DNA gyrase
2. helicase
3. ligase
4. telomerase
20.
Which enzyme is most directly responsible for the main process of producing a new DNA strand?
1. DNA pol I
2. DNA pol II
3. DNA pol III
4. DNA pol I, DNA pol II, and DNA pol III
21.
Which portion of a chromosome contains Okazaki fragments?
1. helicase
2. lagging strand
4. primer
22.
Which of the following does the enzyme primase synthesize?
1. DNA primer
2. Okazaki fragments
4. RNA primer
23.
The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained by what?
1. DNA polymerase
2. helicase
3. primase
4. telomerase
24.
What is the difference in the rate of replication of nucleotides between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
1. Eukaryotes are $50$ times slower.
2. Eukaryotes are $20$ times faster.
3. Prokaryotes are $100$ times slower.
4. Prokaryotes are $10$ times faster.
25.
What are Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARS)?
1. areas of prokaryotic chromosomes that initiate copying
2. portions of prokaryotic chromosomes that can be transferred from one organism to another
3. areas of eukaryotic chromosomes that are equivalent to the origin of replication in E. coli
4. portions of eukaryotic chromosomes that replicate independent of the parent chromosome
26.
What type of body cell does not exhibit telomerase activity?
2. embryonic cells
3. germ cells
4. liver cells
27.
1. DNA polymerase
2. helicase
3. topoisomerase
4. primase
28.

If a prokaryotic cell is replicating nucleotides at a rate of 100 per second, how fast would a eukaryotic cell be replicating nucleotides?

1. 1,000 per second
2. 100 per second
3. 10 per second
4. 1 per second
29.
Which type of point mutation would have no effect on gene expression?
1. frameshift
2. missense
3. nonsense
4. silent
30.
Which type of point mutation would result in the substitution of a stop codon for an amino acid?
1. frameshift
2. missense
3. nonsense
4. silent
31.
A woman has developed skin cancer and she is pregnant. She is worried that her child will be born with the cancer she has while carrying the baby. Should she be worried?
1. Yes, the cancer can spread to the baby.
2. No, the mutations causing the cancer are in somatic cells, not reproductive germ cells.
3. Yes, the mutations can be passed on to the child through the placenta.
4. No, UV light only affects adult, somatic cells.
32.
What is the initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA?
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