## Rbot: Making R and your Phone Best Friends

#### Brief Overview

This package is intended to be a simplifying tool to make R and your phone communicate, and motivate why this is a powerful combination. Rbot is a wrapper to the APIs developed from the Telegram community, and facilitates the use of the telegram and telegram.bot apps in R.

Using this package, your workflow for setting up with your phone to talk to R is as simple as 1 2 3 4:

1. Install the Telegram app on your phone.

2. Open the app, and then send botfather the message: /newbot.

• Note - you will first have to start a conversation with botfather - search for __@botfather__ from the Chats search bar, then start conversation and type /newbot.
• Click on the t.me/_bot link in the “Done! Congratulations…” message from botfather. Press start below and send your bot a message (“Hi Bot!”)

• Take note of the Token given by @botfather. It is a very long string that you can easily misspell. TIP: open up Telegram’s web URL (or mail the token to yourself) and copy it from your computer.

1. In R, run the following code to save your bot’s credentials on your computer (assuming default locations apply):
Token = YOURTOKEN  # given by the Botfather... Looks like: 3148997513::AFSIBIGEk2352235mpfFA
Add_Bot(Token = Token) # By default, this is saved in: path.expand("~")
• Note: you might get a message that says you “Please first send a message to your intended bot”. Go back to Telegram and send your bot a “hi” message. If you get an error: object ‘R_TELEGRAM_BOT_RBot’ not found, you have misspelled your Token (very easy to do).
1. Now you can send messages, pdfs and images from R to your phone simply as follows:
# Text:
BOTNAME <- "MyRbot"
Msg <- "Hello!"
Text_Bot(Msg, Bot_Name = BOTNAME, Silent = TRUE)
# PDF:
BOTNAME <- "MyRbot"
Doc_Loc <- "SomePDF.PDF"
Doc_Bot(Doc_Location = Doc_Loc, Bot_Name = BOTNAME, Silent = TRUE)
# Image:
png('Example_Plot.png')
plot(rnorm(100))
dev.off()

BOTNAME <- "MyRbot"
Img_Loc <- "Example_Plot.png"
Pic_Bot(Img_Loc = Img_Loc, Caption = "Cool Figure Right?", Bot_Name = BOTNAME, Silent = TRUE)
• The package also has a workflow for opening a connection that allow you to execute functions in R from your phone - see the next section.

#### Detailed Overview

Rbot is a simplified wrapper package that shows a workflow to make it easy to communicate with R from your phone using the Telegram App. You should be ready to go in less than a minute provided you:

• Have the telegram app installed on your phone.

• Message botfather (he will appear amongst your contacts automatically) the following:

/newbot

• Now simply follow instructions from the Botfather (on your phone in the Telegram app) and create a new bot.

• Then, take note of the Token botfather provided, and click on the link: t.me/ in the confirmation message from botfather.

• This takes you to the bot. Hit start, and send the bot a simple message to initialise your chat (simply type “hi”).

• You can check the validity of your bot by typing into a browser on your computer (replacing YOURTOKEN with your token…): https://api.telegram.org/botYOURTOKEN/getMe.

• If the browser does not give you an error message, it is a valid bot. It should also show you the bot name and bot username.

• Telegram bots can receive messages or commands. Commands are always prefixed with a / character (e.g. when you told botfather /newbot).

Now… simply remember your Token, and try the functions below.

The Add_Bot function makes it easy to store all the needed information of your Telegram bots required for communication from and to R.

This makes it much easier to make use of your bots in R code, as you will otherwise be required to always input Tokens and IDs (which is not easy to memorize).

This little helper function will, by default, use the path.expand(“~”) location on your computer, but this can be overridden by using the Info_Loc argument and specifying your ideal path.

Let’s save your bot’s information as follows (you will be prompted to enter a name to identify this bot from your R console when running this function…):


Token = YOURTOKEN  # given by the Botfather...
Add_Bot(Token = Token)

You can override the parameters to save this to a specific directory. See ?Add_Bot

If you chose the default path, your bot’s information is saved under the name you entered into the console prompt, with the prefix .Rbots_. you can now use the following to send messages from R to your newly created bot:


BOTNAME <- "Nicks_Phone" # You can of course assign a bot to a phone
Msg <- "Hello!"
Text_Bot(Msg, Bot_Name = BOTNAME, Info_Loc = NULL, Token = NULL, Silent = TRUE)

You can now use messages in your R code very simply to alert you to progress, messages, errors or whatever text you desire - straight to your phone. E.g.:


BOTNAME <- "Sams_Phone"

Text_Bot(Msg = "Analysis Started", Bot_Name = BOTNAME)
foo(x, y)
foo2(x, y)
Text_Bot(Msg = "Analysis Ended", Bot_Name = BOTNAME)

Or you can send yourself pdf versions of your rmarkdown files after it is built, or figures produced using ggplot.

A workflow example could look like this:


# PDF:
BOTNAME <- "Charlottes_Phone"
Doc_Loc <- "SomePDF.PDF"
Doc_Bot(Doc_Location = Doc_Loc, Bot_Name = BOTNAME)

BOTNAME <- "Gids_Phone"
Rmd_File <- "input.Rmd"

Workflow <- function(BOTNAME, Rmd_File){

# Monthly Report generator function

Rbot::Text_Bot(Msg = "Analysis Started", Bot_Name = BOTNAME)

# Quickly create a sanity check figure (which will be deleted after)
png('Example_Plot.png')
plot(rnorm(100))
dev.off()
Rbot::Pic_Bot(Img_Loc = "Example_Plot.png", Caption = "Check Figure that appears in pdf file.", Bot_Name = BOTNAME)
rm("Example_Plot.png")

rmarkdown::render(Rmd_File, "pdf_document")
Rbot::Doc_Bot(Doc_Location = gsub("Rmd", "pdf", Rmd_File), Bot_Name = BOTNAME)
Rbot::Text_Bot(Msg = "\nAnalysis complete. Please check pdf built prior to sending out to clients.\n\n * Email me at: UseR@gmail.com if something does not look accurate.", Bot_Name = BOTNAME)

}

Workflow(BOTNAME, Rmd_File)

## Show_Bot

This allows you to quickly view what Bots you have saved:


Show_Bots() # Assumes default path.expand("~") is used.

## Text_Bot, Img_Bot, Doc_Bot

All of these functions work on the same premise:

• Provide your bot’s name in the function

• Add the message, location of a document (e.g. pdf) or the location of a figure on your computer

By default, the path.expand(“~”) location will be used (run this in R to see where on your computer the location is) to retrieve the saved Bot’s information.

## Foo_Bot

This function offers a simple workflow for developers to open a connection between Telegram on your phone and their R consoles. You can plan functions with arguments to be sent from Telegram to R - allowing you to deploy production code remotely.

Note running this function implies your R session will be occupied (talking to Telegram). This can be stopped from your phone or your console, and is ideal for use on public computers or servers - where the ability to remotely control or shut down a computer is essential.

The main idea behind this function is to allow you to execute a set of functions on your computer from your phone. If the function list is set to NULL (default), it simply allows the user to force switch off a computer or server at any time from your phone.

Currently, the function allows you to have 30 separate functions, with your own calls and arguments, open for execution from your phone.

The functions will be safely executed, implying if there is an error it will not interrupt your connection to the phone. Rather, it will show the error message on your phone, and allow you to keep the connection open.

Your ability to scale this function is limited only by your imagination - e.g. using it in a workflow run from a server where your connection to a bot is constantly open. From it, you could then initialise bash scripts from R, that in turn applies production functions, alerting you to progress from built in Text_Bot calls.

Below I show a simple example, as well as an illustration of a workflow using Foo_Bot. Add a bot called ‘A’, and run the following chunk.


# Provide a Function_List with the the following inputs per function:

# Function_List$Foo1, Function_List$Foo2, ... : can provide up to 30 functions
# Function_List$Call : What to type in Telegram. Used as /Call in Telegram # Function_List$Args : TRUE / FALSE; whether to be able to include an argument. If excluded, it defaults to FALSE.
# Function_List$Message : How to describe this function in Telegram. # Example below: Function_List <- list() Bot_Name <- "A" First_Foo <- function(X){ Inputs <- eval(parse(text = X)) Msg_Foo <- function(Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, TFalse) { if(TFalse == TRUE) message(paste(Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, sep = "\n")) } do.call("Msg_Foo", as.list( eval(parse( text = X))) ) message("R Msg: ....Function 1 executed....") } Function_List$Foo1 <-
list(Function = First_Foo,
# How to call your function from Telegram
Call = "F1",
Args = TRUE,
# Describe Function in Telegram
Message = "Type four arguments as:\nc(Arg1 = 'First Argument', Arg2 = 'Second Argument', Arg3 = 'Third and Last', TFalse = 'FALSE')\nPlan the function you source to fit this convention."
)

Second_Foo <- function(X){

}

Function_List$Foo2 <- list(Function = Second_Foo, Call = "F2", Args = TRUE, # Describe Function in Telegram Message = "Calculate square root of provided number.") Error_Foo <- function(){ x <- 0 if( is.infinite(10/x)) stop("Example of error being thrown, but not breaking connection...") } Function_List$Foo3 <-
list(Function = Error_Foo,
Call = "Error_Example",
Args = TRUE,
Message = "\nError function illustrated: \nThis illustrates that the connection with the phone will  be preserved using purrr::safely")

Foo_Bot(Bot_Name = Bot_Name, Function_List = Function_List, LoadMessage = "My connection with R",
KillR = TRUE, KillCPU = FALSE)

# Alternatively, no Function_List (implying only ability to switch off computer or killR, e.g.):

# Foo_Bot(Bot_Name = Bot_Name, Function_List = NULL, LoadMessage = "My connection with R",
#         KillR = TRUE, KillCPU = FALSE)



#### Safe functions

• The functions above are safe - implying an error will not break the connection.

• You can see e.g. when running the third function call: /Error_Example, it gives you an error, but keeps open the connection.

Also note, you can restart R with KillR, or even switch off your computer completely by setting KillCPU to TRUE, and typing /killCPU. Take caution - this is a no questions asked shutdown of your pc - great for use on public computers where you are, e.g., downloading data from remotely.

#### More

For more details on the functions, use: ?FunctionName

I hope you enjoy the teamwork from R and your phone from now on. You are welcome to submit any additions to this package on github.
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