# Compute and Reduce with Tuple Inputs¶

Author: Ziheng Jiang

Often we want to compute multiple outputs with the same shape within a single loop or perform reduction that involves multiple values like argmax. These problems can be addressed by tuple inputs.

In this tutorial, we will introduce the usage of tuple inputs in TVM.

from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function

import tvm
import numpy as np


## Describe Batchwise Computation¶

For operators which have the same shape, we can put them together as the inputs of tvm.compute, if we want them to be scheduled together in the next schedule procedure.

n = tvm.var("n")
m = tvm.var("m")
A0 = tvm.placeholder((m, n), name='A0')
A1 = tvm.placeholder((m, n), name='A1')
B0, B1 = tvm.compute((m, n), lambda i, j: (A0[i, j] + 2, A1[i, j] * 3), name='B')

# The generated IR code would be:
s = tvm.create_schedule(B0.op)
print(tvm.lower(s, [A0, A1, B0, B1], simple_mode=True))


Out:

produce B {
for (i, 0, m) {
for (j, 0, n) {
B.v0[((i*n) + j)] = (A0[((i*n) + j)] + 2.000000f)
B.v1[((i*n) + j)] = (A1[((i*n) + j)]*3.000000f)
}
}
}


## Describe Reduction with Collaborative Inputs¶

Sometimes, we require multiple inputs to express some reduction operators, and the inputs will collaborate together, e.g. argmax. In the reduction procedure, argmax need to compare the value of operands, also need to keep the index of operand. It can be expressed with comm_reducer as below:

# x and y are the operands of reduction, both of them is a tuple of index
# and value.
def fcombine(x, y):
lhs = tvm.select((x[1] >= y[1]), x[0], y[0])
rhs = tvm.select((x[1] >= y[1]), x[1], y[1])
return lhs, rhs

# our identity element also need to be a tuple, so fidentity accepts
# two types as inputs.
def fidentity(t0, t1):
return tvm.const(-1, t0), tvm.min_value(t1)

argmax = tvm.comm_reducer(fcombine, fidentity, name='argmax')

# describe the reduction computation
m = tvm.var('m')
n = tvm.var('n')
idx = tvm.placeholder((m, n), name='idx', dtype='int32')
val = tvm.placeholder((m, n), name='val', dtype='int32')
k = tvm.reduce_axis((0, n), 'k')
T0, T1 = tvm.compute((m, ), lambda i: argmax((idx[i, k], val[i, k]), axis=k), name='T')

# the generated IR code would be:
s = tvm.create_schedule(T0.op)
print(tvm.lower(s, [idx, val, T0, T1], simple_mode=True))


Out:

produce T {
for (i, 0, m) {
T.v0[i] = -1
T.v1[i] = -2147483648
for (k, 0, n) {
T.v0[i] = tvm_if_then_else((T.v1[i] < val[((i*n) + k)]), idx[((i*n) + k)], T.v0[i])
T.v1[i] = tvm_if_then_else((T.v1[i] < val[((i*n) + k)]), val[((i*n) + k)], T.v1[i])
}
}
}


Note

For ones who are not familiar with reduction, please refer to Define General Commutative Reduction Operation.

## Schedule Operation with Tuple Inputs¶

It is worth mentioning that although you will get multiple outputs with one batch operation, but they can only be scheduled together in terms of operation.

n = tvm.var("n")
m = tvm.var("m")
A0 = tvm.placeholder((m, n), name='A0')
B0, B1 = tvm.compute((m, n), lambda i, j: (A0[i, j] + 2, A0[i, j] * 3), name='B')
A1 = tvm.placeholder((m, n), name='A1')
C = tvm.compute((m, n), lambda i, j: A1[i, j] + B0[i, j], name='C')

s = tvm.create_schedule(C.op)
s[B0].compute_at(s[C], C.op.axis[0])
# as you can see in the below generated IR code:
print(tvm.lower(s, [A0, A1, C], simple_mode=True))


Out:

// attr [B.v0] storage_scope = "global"
allocate B.v0[float32 * 1 * n]
// attr [B.v1] storage_scope = "global"
allocate B.v1[float32 * 1 * n]
produce C {
for (i, 0, m) {
produce B {
for (j, 0, n) {
B.v0[j] = (A0[((i*n) + j)] + 2.000000f)
B.v1[j] = (A0[((i*n) + j)]*3.000000f)
}
}
for (j, 0, n) {
C[((i*n) + j)] = (A1[((i*n) + j)] + B.v0[j])
}
}
}


## Summary¶

This tutorial introduces the usage of tuple inputs operation.

• Describe normal batchwise computation.
• Describe reduction operation with tuple inputs.
• Notice that you can only schedule computation in terms of operation instead of tensor.

Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 0.012 seconds)

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