#### Sample records for bead injection lab-on-valve

1. Universal approach for selective trace metal determinations via sequential injection-bead injection-lab-on-valve using renewable hydrophobic bead surfaces as reagent carriers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald

2005-01-01

A new concept is presented for selective and sensitive determination of trace metals via electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) based on the principle of bead injection (BI) with renewable reversed-phase surfaces in a sequential injection-lab-on-valve (SI-LOV) mode. The methodology...... involves the use of poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) beads containing pendant octadecyl moieties (C18-PS/DVB), which are preimpregnated with a selective organic metal chelating agent prior to the automatic manipulation of the beads in the microbore conduits of the LOV unit. By adapting this approach, the...... immobilization of the most suitable chelating agent can be effected irrespective of the kinetics involved, optimal reaction conditions can be used for implementing the chelating reaction of the target metal analyte with the immobilized reagent, and an added degree of freedom is offered in selecting the most...

2. On-line dynamic extraction and automated determination of readily bioavailable hexavalent chromium in solid substrates using micro-sequential injection bead-injection lab-on-valve hyphenated with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald

2006-01-01

A novel and miniaturized micro-sequential injection bead injection lab-on-valve (μSI-BI-LOV) fractionation system was developed for in-line microcolumn soil extraction under simulated environmental scenarios and accurate monitoring of the content of easily mobilisable hexavalent chromium in soil ...

3. Bead Injection Extraction Chromatography using High-capacity Lab-on-Valve as a Front End to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Urine Radiobioassay

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Qiao, Jixin; Hou, Xiaolin; Roos, Per;

2013-01-01

A novel bead injection (BI) extraction chromatographic microflow system exploiting high-capacity lab-on-valve (LOV) platform coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection is developed for rapid and automated determination of plutonium in human urine. A microconduit (1 m......L) incorporated within the LOV processing unit is loaded on-line with a metered amount of disposable extraction chromatographic resin (up to 330 mg of TEVA) through programmable beads transport. Selective capture and purification of plutonium onto the resin beads is then performed by pressure driven flow after.......319 ± 0.004 g, n=5). The chemical yields of plutonium were averagely better than 90% under the optimal experimental conditions and the entire analytical procedure could be accomplished within a short timeframe (

4. A Universal Approach for Selective Trace Metal Determinations via Sequential Injection-Bead Injection-Lab-on-Valve (SI-BI-LOV) Using Renewable Reagent-loaded Hydrophobic Beads

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald

A new sample pretreatment approach is presented for selective and sensitive determination of trace metals via electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) based on the principle of bead injection (BI) with renewable reagent-loaded hydrophobic beads in a Sequential Injection-Lab-on-Valve ......A new sample pretreatment approach is presented for selective and sensitive determination of trace metals via electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) based on the principle of bead injection (BI) with renewable reagent-loaded hydrophobic beads in a Sequential Injection...... that the bead material can endure very high acidity which is a prerequisite for the reaction. On-line sample pH adjustment prevents alteration of the original distribution of the chromium species, while assuring fast rates for the DPC-Cr(VI) reaction. The proposed procedure was successfully applied...... for the determination of trace levels of Cr(VI) in natural waters of variable cpmpexity. Furthermore, it was validated by the determination of total chromium in a NIST standard reference material (NIST 1640, natural water) after Cr(III) oxidation....

5. Sequential injection/bead injection lab-on-valve schemes for on-line solid phase extraction and preconcentration of ultra-trace levels of heavy metals with determination by ETAAS and ICPMS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Jianhua; Hansen, Elo Harald; Miró, Manuel

2003-01-01

This communication presents an overview of the state-of-the-art of the exploitation of sequential injection (SI)-bead injection (BI)-lab-on-valve (LOV) schemes for automatic on-line sample pre-treatments interfaced with ETAAS and ICPMS detection as conducted in the authors' group. The discussions...... are focused on the applications of SI-BI-LOV protocols for on-line microcolumn based solid phase extraction of ultra-trace levels of heavy metals, employing the so-called renewable surface separation and preconcentration manipulatory scheme. Two types of sorbents have been employed as packing material...

6. Universal approach for selective trace metal determinations via sequential injection-bead injection-lab-on-valve using renewable hydrophobic bead surfaces as reagent carriers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald

2005-01-01

that the bead material exhibits excellent chemical stability at low pH values. On-line pH sample adjustment prevents alteration of the original distribution of chromium species while assuring fast rates for the DPC-Cr(VI) reaction. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of trace...... levels of Cr(VI) in natural waters containing high levels of dissolved salts (such as seawater and hard tap water) without requiring any dilution step. Method validation was performed by determination of total chromium in an NIST standard reference material (NIST 1640, natural water) after Cr...

7. Sequential injection-bead injection-lab-on-valve schemes for on-line solid phase extraction and preconcentration of ultra-trace levels of heavy metals with determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This communication presents an overview of the state-of-the-art of the exploitation of sequential injection (SI)-bead injection (BI)-lab-on-valve (LOV) schemes for automatic on-line sample pre-treatments interfaced with ETAAS and ICPMS detection as conducted in the authors' group. The discussions are focused on the applications of SI-BI-LOV protocols for on-line microcolumn based solid phase extraction of ultra-trace levels of heavy metals, employing the so-called renewable surface separation and preconcentration manipulatory scheme. Two types of sorbents have been employed as packing material, that is, the hydrophilic SP Sephadex C-25 cation exchange and iminodiacetate based Muromac A-1 chelating resins, and the hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) copolymer alkylated with octadecyl groups (C18-PS/DVB). Using ETAAS as detection device, the easy-to-handle hydrophilic renewable reactors hold the features of improved R.S.D.s and LODs as compared to those operated in the conventional, permanent mode, in addition to the elimination of flow resistance. The hydrophobic columns fall into two categories, that is, the renewable one packed with C18-PS/DVB beads entails analogous R.S.D.s and LODs with respect to the conventional approach, while those with PTFE beads result in slightly inferior R.S.D.s and LODs by similar comparison, yet offering a wider dynamic range than when using an external permanent column. Moreover, the hydrophilic materials result in much higher enrichment of the analyte than the hydrophobic ones, although PTFE is the packing material that exhibits the best retention efficiency

8. Multisyringe flow injection lab-on-valve systems coupled to hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry for on-line bead-injection preconcentration and determination of total inorganic arsenic in environmental waters

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald;

In this work, the third generation of flow injection analysis, that is, the so-called micro-Lab-on-Valve (LOV) approach, is hyphenated for the first time to atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) for the separation, preconcentration and monitoring of hydride forming elements. A multisyringe flowing...... before loading into the multisyringe flow system. The flow system facilitates on-column reduction with no need for application of programmable stopped-flow. Yet, the high electrolyte concentrations and extreme pH conditions for elution prevents the sorbent to be re-used, so that maximum benefit can...

9. Hyphenating multisyringe flow injection lab-on-valve analysis with atomic fluorescence spectrometry for on-line bead injection preconcentration and determination of trace levels of hydride-forming elements in environmental samples.

Science.gov (United States)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald; Estela, José Manuel; Cerdà, Víctor

2006-12-15

In this work the third generation of flow injection analysis, that is, the so-called micro-lab-on-valve (microLOV) approach, is proposed for the first time for the separation, preconcentration, and monitoring of metalloids as hyphenated with atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). This was made feasible by interfacing the micromachined LOV-module with AFS by a multisyringe flowing stream network for on-line postcolumn derivatization of the eluate aimed at generation of hydride species. The potential of this new hyphenated technique for environmental assays was ascertained via determination of ultratrace level concentrations of total inorganic arsenic in freshwater. Employing quantitative preoxidation of As(III) to As(V) in the samples by means of permanganate, the method involves preconcentration of arsenate at pH 10 on a renewable anion exchanger, namely, Q-Sepharose, packed in a LOV microcolumn. The analyte species is afterward stripped out and concurrently prereduced by a 300 microL eluent plug containing 6 mol L(-)1 HCl and 10% KI. The eluate is downstream merged with a metered volume of sodium tetrahydroborate (0.3% w/v) for generation of arsine, which is subsequently quantified by AFS. The flow system facilitates on-column reduction of the retained arsenic with no need for application of programmable stopped flow. Yet, the high concentration of reductant and extreme pH conditions for elution hinder the sorbent to be reused due to gradual deactivation of the functional moieties, so that maximum benefit can be taken from the application of the bead renewable strategy. The proposed procedure is characterized by a high tolerance to metal species and interfering hydride-forming elements. In fact, ratios of Se(IV) to As < or = 5000 and Sb(V) to As < or = 500 are tolerated at the 10% interference level. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a detection limit (3sigma) of 0.02 ng mL(-1) As, a dynamic linear range of 0.05-2.0 ng mL(-1) As (by tailoring the AFS

10. Hyphenating multisyringe flow injection lab-on-valve analysis with atomic fluorescence spectrometry for on-line bead-injection preconcentration and determination of trace levels of hydride-forming elements in environmental samples

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald;

2006-01-01

In this work, the third generation of flow injection analysis, that is, the so-called micro-Lab-on-Valve (μLOV) approach, is proposed for the first time for the separation, preconcentration and monitoring of metalloids as hyphenated with atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). This was made...... feasible by interfacing the micromachined LOV-module with AFS by a multisyringe flowing stream network for on-line post column derivatization of the eluate aimed at the generation of hydride species. The potential of this new hyphenated technique for environmental assays was ascertained via...... quantified by AFS. The flow system facilitates on-column reduction of the retained arsenic with no need for application of programmable stopped-flow. Yet, the high concentration of reductant and extreme pH conditions for elution hinder the sorbent to be re-used due to the gradual deactivation...

11. Sequential injection lab-on-valve: the third generation of flow injection analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Jianhua; Hansen, Elo Harald

2003-01-01

Termed the third generation of flow injection analysis, sequential injection (SI)-lab-on-valve (LOV) has specific advantages and allows novel, unique applications - not least as a versatile front end to a variety of detection techniques. This review presents snd discusses progress to date of the SI...

12. Exploiting the bead-injection approach in the integrated sequential injection Lab-on-Valve format using hydrophobic packing materials for on-line matrix removal and preconcentration of trace levels of cadmium in environmental and biological samples via formation of non-charged chelates prior

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Miró, Manuel; Jonczyk, Sylwia; Wang, Jianhua;

2003-01-01

The concept of renewable microcolumns within the conduits of an automated single injection lab-on-valve system was exploited in a sorption/elution fashion using sorbents of hydrophobic nature. The scheme's practical applicability was demonstrated for the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrome...

13. New Trends in Flow Injection Analysis: Exploitation of Sequential and Lab-on-Valve Schemes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald

Over the past 25 years, Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) has established itself as an indispensable analytical concept that not only has permitted the implementation of numerous intriguing analysis procedures. But, more importantly, it has made it possible to facilitate the execution of procedures...... has appeared, that is, the Lab-on-Valve (LOV) approach, the conceptual basis of which is to incorporate all the necessary unit operational manipulations required, and, when possible, even the detection device into a single small integrated microconduit, or “laboratory”, placed atop a selection valve...

14. Determination of trace metal ions via on-line separation and preconcentration by means of chelating Sepharose beads in a sequential injection lab-on-valve (SI-LOV) system coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric detection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Hansen, Elo Harald; Miró, Manuel

2005-01-01

. The samples are adjusted to pH 5.0 on-line in the system for optimum operation. The target ions are adsorbed by chelation on the surface of the beads, contained in a 20 mul microcolumn within the LOV, and following elution by 50 mul 2M nitric acid, the eluate is, as sandwiched by air segments, introduced...

15. Determination of Low Level Concentrations of Metals by Means of Sequential Injection (SI) and Lab-on-Valve (LOV) Methodologies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald; Miró, Manuel; Petersen, Roongrat

In recent years sequential injection (SI) analysis and Lab-on-Valve (LOV) approaches have proven themselves as powerful and versatile front ends to implement suitable pre-treatment procedures (separation and pre-concentration) for the assay of low concentrations of metals, as amply reflected...... of environmental interest as demonstrated by the accommodation of both single and sequential extraction schemes for metal fractionation of solid samples of environmental concern (e.g. soils and sediments) packed within dedicated microcartridges. An account of the construction and the experimental modes of operandi...

16. Determination of Low Level Concentrations of Metals by Means of Sequential Injection (SI) and Lab-on-Valve (LOV) Methodologies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald

In recent years sequential injection (SI) analysis and Lab-on-Valve (LOV) approaches have proven themselves as powerful and versatile front ends to implement suitable pre-treatment procedures (separation and pre-concentration) for the assay of low concentrations of metals, as amply reflected...... packed with suitable materials, the emphasis in this lecture will be on applying solid-phase extraction in the SI/LOV mode. Providing unique characteristics and specific advantages, particularly allowing to take advantage of the so-called renewable approach, where the solid-phase material, if called for...... to handle solid samples of environmental interest as demonstrated by the accommodation of both single and sequential extraction schemes for metal fractionation of solid samples of environmental concern (e.g. soils and sediments) packed within dedicated microcartridges. A brief account of the construction...

17. Extraction and preconcentration of trace levels of cobalt using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in a sequential injection lab-on-valve system with detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Graphical abstract: An approach to performing extraction and preconcentration employing functionalized magnetic particles for the determination of cobalt in the sequential injection lab-on-valve system using detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Highlights: ► New SPE method for cobalt separation/preconcentration was reported. ► Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were used as adsorbent. ► Extraction, elution, and detection procedures were performed in the LOV system. ► This automatic extraction technique provided a good platform for metal analysis. - Abstract: A new approach to performing extraction and preconcentration employing functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the determination of trace metals is presented. Alumina-coated iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and used as the solid support. The nanoparticles were functionalized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and used as adsorbents for solid phase extraction of the analyte. Extraction, elution, and detection procedures were performed sequentially in the sequential injection lab-on-valve (SI-LOV) system followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Mixtures of hydrophobic analytes were successfully extracted from solution using the synthesized magnetic adsorbents. The potential use of the established scheme was demonstrated by taking cobalt as a model analyte. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve showed an excellent linearity in the concentration range of 0.01–5 μg L−1, and the relative standard deviation was 2.8% at the 0.5 μg L−1 level (n = 11). The limit of detection was 6 ng L−1 with a sampling frequency of 18 h−1. The present method has been successfully applied to cobalt determination in water samples and two certified reference materials.

18. Fully automated lab-on-valve-multisyringe flow injection analysis-ICP-MS system: An effective tool for fast, sensitive and selective determination of thorium and uranium at environmental levels exploiting solid phase extraction

OpenAIRE

Avivar, Jessica; Ferrer, Laura; Casas, Montserrat; Cerdà, Víctor

2012-01-01

An on-line solid-phase extraction method linked to inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed for the determination of low levels of uranium and thorium in environmental samples. The hyphenation of lab-on-valve (LOV) and multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA), coupled to an ICP-MS, allows the simultaneous determination of thorium and uranium in different types of environmental sample matrices achieving high selectivity and sensitivity levels. On-line separation an...

19. Recent developments in automated determinations of trace level concentrations of elements and on-line fractionations schemes exploiting the micro-sequential injection - lab-on-valve approach

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald; Miró, Manuel; Long, Xiangbao;

2006-01-01

are presented as based on the exploitation of micro-sequential injection (μSI-LOV) using hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic bead materials. The examples given comprise the presentation of a universal approach for SPE-assays, front-end speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in a fully automated and enclosed set...

20. Micro solid phase spectrophotometry in a sequential injection lab-on-valve platform for cadmium, zinc, and copper determination in freshwaters.

Science.gov (United States)

Santos, Inês C; Mesquita, Raquel B R; Rangel, António O S S

2015-09-01

This work describes the development of a solid phase spectrophotometry method in a μSI-LOV system for cadmium, zinc, and copper determination in freshwaters. NTA (Nitrilotriacetic acid) beads with 60-160 μm diameter were packed in the flow cell of the LOV for a μSPE column of 1 cm length. The spectrophotometric determination is based on the colourimetric reaction between dithizone and the target metals, previously retained on NTA resin. The absorbance of the coloured product formed is measured, at 550 nm, on the surface of the NTA resin beads in a solid phase spectrophotometry approach. The developed method presented preconcentration factors in the range of 11-21 for the metal ions. A LOD of 0.23 μg L(-1) for cadmium, 2.39 μg L(-1) for zinc, and 0.11 μg L(-1) for copper and a sampling rate of 12, 13, and 15 h(-1) for cadmium, zinc, and copper were obtained, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to freshwater samples. PMID:26388376

1. Lab-on-Valve Micro Sequential Injection: A Versatile Approach for Implementing Integrated Sample Pre-preparations and Executing (Bio)Chemical Assays

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald

In the last decade, Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) became supplemented by Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA), which, although it inherently entails some limitations as compared to FIA, offers specific advantages, notably in terms of significantly reduced sample and reagent(s) consumption and henc...

2. Lab-on-Valve Micro Sequential Injection: A Versatile Approach for Implementing Integrated Sample Pre-preparations and Executing (Bio)Chemical Assays

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald

Since its introduction in 1975, Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) has established itself as an indispensable analytical concept that not only has permitted the implementation of numerous intriguing analysis procedures. But, more importantly, it has made it possible to facilitate the execution...

3. Evaluation of a novel PTFE material for separation and preconcentration of trace levels of metal ions in sequential injection (SI) and sequential injection lab-on-valve (SI-LOV) systems interfaced with detection by ETAAS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Chomchoei, Roongrat; Gała, Piotr;

The operational characteristics of a novel PTFE bead material, granular Algoflon®, used for separation and preconcentration of metal ions via adsorption of on-line generated non-charged metal complexes, were evaluated in a sequential injection (SI) system furnished with an external packed column...

4. The Three Generations of Flow Injection Analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald; Wang, Jianhua

2004-01-01

The characteristics of the three generations of flow injection analysis, that is, FIA, sequential injection analysis (SIA), and bead injection-lab-on-valve (BI-LOV), are briefly outlined, their individual advantages and shortcomings are discussed, and selected practical applications are presented....

5. 介观(微)流控分析技术:第三代流动注射分析--阀上实验室%MESO-MICROFLUIDICS CONTROL TECHNIQUE: LAB-ON-VALVE--THE THIRD GENERATION OF FLOW INJECTION

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

王建华; 方肇伦

2003-01-01

@@ 1 Micro total analysis (μTAS) system vs the three generations of flow injection Appropriate sample pretreatment prior to analysis remains inevitably the bottle neck of the entire analytical procedure with modern instrumentation[1],where flow injection analysis (FIA) has led to sig nificant progress. Flow injection (FI) and sequential injection (SI),termed as the first and the second generations of FIA,have played important roles in the automation and miniaturization of on-line sample pretreatment[2]. While in further downscaling of fluidic control ,the micro total analysis system (μTAS)has drawn considerable attention[3].

6. On-line ion exchange preconcentration in a sequential injection lab-on-valve microsystem incorporating a renewable column with ETAAS for the trace-level determination of bismuth in urine and river sediment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Jianhua; Hansen, Elo Harald

2001-01-01

A sequential injection system for on-line ion-exchange separation and preconcentration of trace-level amounts of metal ions with ensuing detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) is described. Based on the use of a renewable microcolumn incorporated within an integrated l.......3% for the determination of 2.0 mug/l Bi (n = 7). The procedure was validated by determination of bismuth in a certified reference material CRM 320 (river sediment), and by bismuth spike recoveries in two human urine samples....

7. Evaluation of a novel PTFE material for use as a means for separation and preconcentration of trace levels of metal ions in sequential injection (SI) and sequential injection lab-on-valve (SI-LOV) systems. Determination of cadmium (II) with detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Chomchoei, Roongrat; Hansen, Elo Harald;

2004-01-01

The operational characteristics of a novel poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) bead material, granular Algoflon®, used for separation and preconcentration of metal ions via adsorption of on-line generated non-charged metal complexes, were evaluated in a sequential injection (SI) system furnished...

8. On-line dynamic extraction and automated determination of readily bioavailable hexavalent chromium in solid substrates using micro-sequential injection bead-injection lab-on-valve hyphenated with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald

2006-01-01

). The effect of simulated acidic rain on the accessibility of chromate forms for plant uptake was also investigated. The proposed approach offers several advantages over conventional speciation/fractionation protocols in the batch mode, including immediate separation with concomitant preconcentration of...

9. Separation and preconcentration of ultratrace levels of cadmium(II) in a sequential injection (SI) system with a PTFE packed column as a mimic sequential injection lab-on-valve (SI-LOV) system with renewable column employing detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Chomchoei, Roongrat; Gała, Piotr;

cadmium(II) by detection with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The non-charged complex formed between the analyste and the chelating reagent diethyldithiophosphate (DDPA) was selectively adsorbed on the surface of the PTFE beads and eluted by ethanol before being directed to the...

10. The impact of flow injection on modem chemical analysis: has it fulfilled our expectations? And where are we going?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald

2004-01-01

Presenting a condensation of the opening lecture of the 12th ICFIA conference, this communication presents a view of the impact that flow injection analysis (FIA) has had on modern analytical chemistry, evaluated both within the academic community and outside it, i.e., in “industry”. The ensuing...... developments of FIA, encompassing sequential injection analysis (SIA) and bead injection lab-on-valve (BI-LOV), are described and their individual features discussed. Finally some recent results of the activities from the author’s own research group are briefly mentioned....

11. An automatic micro-sequential injection bead injection lab-on-valve (muSI-BI-LOV) assembly for speciation analysis of ultra trace levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) incorporating on-line chemical reduction and employing detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald

2005-01-01

and determination of trace levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in environmental samples. The method was validated by determination of chromium species in CRM and NIST standard reference materials, and by spike recoveries of surface waters. Statistical comparison of means between experimental results and the total chromium...... certified values for the CRM and NIST materials revealed the non-existence of significant differences at a 95% confidence level....

12. Interfacing microfluidic handling with spectroscopic detection for real-life applications via the lab-on-valve platform: A review

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald; Miró, Manuel

2008-01-01

with syringe pump propelling devices as a front end to a plethora of spectroscopic detection schemes including UV-Vis spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, chemiluminescence, AAS, AFS and ICP-AES/MS. In contrast to lab-on-a-chip units, the versatile configuration of the micromachined LOV readily facilitates...... the implementation of on-line unit operations at will encompassing not merely the introduction of minute, well-defined volumes of sample followed by chemical derivatization, but the potential for accommodation of solid-phase extraction, hydride/vapour generation, precipitation/coprecipitation and bead injection...

13. Injection of porous polycaprolactone beads containing autologous myoblasts in a dog model of fecal incontinence

OpenAIRE

Kang, Sung-Bum; Lee, Hye Seung; Lim, Jae-Young; Oh, Se Heang; Kim, Sang Joon; Hong, Sa-Min; Jang, Je-Ho; Cho, Jeong-Eun; Lee, Sung-Min; Lee, Jin Ho

2013-01-01

Purpose Few studies have examined whether bioengineering can improve fecal incontinence. This study designed to determine whether injection of porous polycaprolactone beads containing autologous myoblasts improves sphincter function in a dog model of fecal incontinence. Methods The anal sphincter of dogs was injured and the dogs were observed without and with (n = 5) the injection of porous polycaprolactone beads containing autologous myoblasts into the site of injury. Autologous myoblasts pu...

14. Determination of trace zinc in seawater by coupling solid phase extraction and fluorescence detection in the Lab-On-Valve format.

Science.gov (United States)

Grand, Maxime M; Chocholouš, Petr; Růžička, Jarda; Solich, Petr; Measures, Christopher I

2016-06-01

By virtue of their compactness, long-term stability, minimal reagent consumption and robustness, miniaturized sequential injection instruments are well suited for automation of assays onboard research ships. However, in order to reach the sensitivity and limit of detection required for open-ocean determinations of trace elements, it is necessary to preconcentrate the analyte prior its derivatization and subsequent detection by fluorescence. In this work, a novel method for the determination of dissolved zinc (Zn) at subnanomolar levels in seawater is described. The proposed method combines, for the first time, automated matrix removal, extraction of the target element, and fluorescence detection within a miniaturized flow manifold, based on the Lab-On-Valve (LOV) concept. The key feature of the microfluidic manipulation of the sample is flow programming, designed to pass sample through a mini-column where the target analyte and other complexable cations are retained, while the seawater matrix is washed out. Next, zinc is eluted and merged with a Zn selective fluorescent probe (FluoZin-3) at the confluence point of the LOV central channel using two high-precision stepper motor driven pumps that are operated in concert. Finally, the thus formed Zn complex is transported to the LOV flow cell for selective fluorescence measurement. This work describes the characterization and optimization of the method including Solid Phase Extraction using the Toyopearl AF-Chelate-650M resin, and detailed assay protocol controlled by a commercially available software and instrument. The proposed method features a LOD of 0.02 nM, high precision (<3% at 0.1 and 2 nM Zn levels), an assay cycle of 13 min and a reagent consumption of 150 μL FluoZin-3 per sample, which makes the method highly suitable for oceanographic shipboard analysis. The accuracy of the method has been validated through the analysis of seawater reference standards and comparison with ICP-MS determinations on

15. Screening of cadmium and lead in potentially contaminated waters using a spectrophotometric sequential injection lab-on-valve methodology.

Science.gov (United States)

Santos, Inês C; Mesquita, Raquel B R; Rangel, António O S S

2015-10-01

The present work describes the development of a µSI-LOV method for the simultaneous screening of cadmium and lead in potentially contaminated water samples. To attain the biparametric determination, dithizone was chosen as the spectrophotometric reagent as it forms a colored complex with both metal ions, at different pH conditions. The cadmium determination was attained in strong alkaline conditions (pH≈12); the lead determination was calculated by the difference with the determination of both metals in mild alkaline conditions (pH≈8). The colored complex was measured at 550 nm and the method presented a LOD of 34 μg L(-1) for cadmium and 56 μg L(-1) for lead, with a sample consumption of 20 µL per assay and a determination rate of 55 h(-1). The results obtained were in agreement with those obtained by FAAS. The developed method was efficiently applied to the screening of cadmium and lead in marine port waters. PMID:26078171

16. Solid reactors in sequential injection analysis: Recent trends in the environmental field

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald

2006-01-01

The second generation of flow injection analysis (FIA), so-called sequential injection (SI), has already been consolidated as an attractive flowing-stream approach in several analytical fields, with advantages over the first generation of FIA in terms of automation, miniaturization, and sample...... applications, aiming to facilitate on-line chemical derivatization, chromatographic separation of target species, removal of interfering matrix compounds, or determination of trace levels of analyte via sorptive preconcentration procedures. In this context, the concept of renewable surfaces, so-called SI......-bead injection (SI-BI), used in either the jet-ring or lab-on-valve configurations, is presented as a front-end to many detectors. This article also outlines recent trends focused on exploiting SI as an automated tool for handling solid samples of environmental concern and accommodating dynamic fractionation...

17. Ndel1-derived peptides modulate bidirectional transport of injected beads in the squid giant axon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michal Segal

2012-01-01

Bidirectional transport is a key issue in cellular biology. It requires coordination between microtubule-associated molecular motors that work in opposing directions. The major retrograde and anterograde motors involved in bidirectional transport are cytoplasmic dynein and conventional kinesin, respectively. It is clear that failures in molecular motor activity bear severe consequences, especially in the nervous system. Neuronal migration may be impaired during brain development, and impaired molecular motor activity in the adult is one of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases leading to neuronal cell death. The mechanisms that regulate or coordinate kinesin and dynein activity to generate bidirectional transport of the same cargo are of utmost importance. We examined how Ndel1, a cytoplasmic dynein binding protein, may regulate non-vesicular bidirectional transport. Soluble Ndel1 protein, Ndel1-derived peptides or control proteins were mixed with fluorescent beads, injected into the squid giant axon, and the bead movements were recorded using time-lapse microscopy. Automated tracking allowed for extraction and unbiased analysis of a large data set. Beads moved in both directions with a clear bias to the anterograde direction. Velocities were distributed over a broad range and were typically slower than those associated with fast vesicle transport. Ironically, the main effect of Ndel1 and its derived peptides was an enhancement of anterograde motion. We propose that they may function primarily by inhibition of dynein-dependent resistance, which suggests that both dynein and kinesin motors may remain engaged with microtubules during bidirectional transport.

18. Tre generationer af Flow Injection Analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald; Chomchoei, Roongrat; Long, Xiangbao

2004-01-01

Siden introduktionen af FIA har en række videreudviklinger resulteret i Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) og senest i Lab-on-Valve (LOV)-metodikken. Her beskrives disse, og der gives eksempler på, hvordan metoderne kan bruges til at bestemme sporstofkoncentrationer af metaller i komplekse...

19. Effect of methacrylic acid beads on the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and macrophage polarization in a subcutaneous injection mouse model.

Science.gov (United States)

Lisovsky, Alexandra; Zhang, David K Y; Sefton, Michael V

2016-08-01

Poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) (MAA) beads promote a vascular regenerative response when used in diabetic wound healing. Previous studies reported that MAA beads modulated the expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) and inflammation related genes in diabetic wounds. The aim of this work was to follow up on these observations in a subcutaneous injection model to study the host response in the absence of the confounding factors of diabetic wound healing. In this model, MAA beads improved vascularization in healthy mice of both sexes compared to control poly(methyl methacrylate) (MM) beads, with a stronger effect seen in males than females. MAA-induced vessels were perfusable, as evidenced from the CLARITY-processed images. In Shh-Cre-eGFP/Ptch1-LacZ non-diabetic transgenic mice, the increased vessel formation was accompanied by a higher density of cells expressing GFP (Shh) and β-Gal (patched 1, Ptch1) suggesting MAA enhanced the activation of the Shh pathway. Ptch1 is the Shh receptor and a target of the pathway. MAA beads also modulated the inflammatory cell infiltrate in CD1 mice: more neutrophils and more macrophages were noted with MAA relative to MM beads at days 1 and 7, respectively. In addition, MAA beads biased macrophages towards a MHCII-CD206+ ("M2") polarization state. This study suggests that the Shh pathway and an altered inflammatory response are two elements of the complex mechanism whereby MAA-based biomaterials effect vascular regeneration. PMID:27264502

20. Trends and perspectives of flow injection/sequential injection on-line sample-pretreatment schemes coupled to ETAAS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Jianhua; Hansen, Elo Harald

2005-01-01

Flow injection (FI) analysis, the first generation of this technique, became in the 1990s supplemented by its second generation, sequential injection (SI), and most recently by the third generation (i.e.,Lab-on-Valve). The dominant role played by FI in automatic, on-line, sample pretreatments...

1. On-line sample-pre-treatment schemes for trace-level determinations of metals by coupling flow injection or sequential injection with ICP-MS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Jianhua; Hansen, Elo Harald

2003-01-01

Within the last decade, the first generation of flow injection (FI) has been supplemented by sequential injection (SI), also termed the second generation, and, recently, by the third generation, i.e., SI-Lab-on-Valve (SI-LOV). As apparent from the literature, FI and/or SI have become dominant...

2. Design, fabrication and test of a pneumatically controlled, renewable, microfluidic bead trapping device for sequential injection analysis applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shao, Guocheng; Lu, Donglai; Fu, Zhifeng; Du, Dan; Ozanich, Richard M.; Wang, Wanjun; Lin, Yuehe

2016-01-01

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a pneumatically controlled,renewable, microfluidic device for conducting bead-based assays in an automated sequential injection analysis system. The device used a “brick wall”-like pillar array (pillar size: 20 μm length X 50 μm width X 45 μm height) with 5 μm gaps between the pillars serving as the micro filter. The flow channel where bead trapping occurred is 500 μm wide X 75 μm deep. An elastomeric membrane and an air chamber were located underneath the flow channel. By applying pressure to the air chamber, the membrane is deformed and pushed upward against the filter structure. This effectively traps beads larger than 5 μm and creates a “bed” or micro column of beads that can be perfused and washed with liquid samples and reagents. Upon completion of the assay process, the pressure is released and the beads are flushed out from underneath the filter structure to renew the device. Mouse IgG was used as a model analyte to test the feasibility of using the proposed device for immunoassay applications. Resulting microbeads from an on-chip fluorescent immunoassay were individually examined using flow cytometry. The results show that the fluorescence signal intensity distribution is fairly narrow indicating high chemical reaction uniformity among the beads population. Electrochemical onchip assay was also conducted. A detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL1 ppb was achieved and good device reliability and repeatability were demonstrated. The novel microfluidic-based beadstrapping device thus opens up a new pathway to design micro-bead based biosensor immunoassays for clinical and othervarious applications.

3. How Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) over the past 25 years has changed our way of performing chemical analyses

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald; Miró, Manuel

2007-01-01

Briefly looking back on the impact of flow injection analysis (FIA), as reflected in the rapid growth of publications in the scientific literature, and touching upon many of the novel and unique analytical chemical possibilities that FIA and its sequels, sequential injection analysis (SIA) and Lab-on-Valve...

4. Flow Injection Analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald

2004-01-01

This chapter provides an introduction to automated chemical analysis, which essentially can be divided into two groups: batch assays, where the solution is stationary while the container is moved through a number of stations where various unit operations performed; and continuous-flow procedures......, where the system is stationary while the solution moves through a set of conduits in which all required manipulations are performed. Emphasis is placed on flow injection analysis (FIA) and its further developments, that is, sequential injection analysis (SIA) and the Lab-on-Valve (LOV) approach. Since...

5. Liquid carry-over in an injection moulded all-polymer chip system for immiscible phase magnetic bead-based solid-phase extraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kistrup, Kasper, E-mail: kkis@nanotech.dtu.dk [Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby (Denmark); Skotte Sørensen, Karen, E-mail: karen@nanotech.dtu.dk [Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby (Denmark); Center for Integrated Point of Care Technologies (CiPoC), DELTA, Venlighedsvej 4, DK-2870 Hørsholm (Denmark); Wolff, Anders, E-mail: anders.wolff@nanotech.dtu.dk [Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby (Denmark); Fougt Hansen, Mikkel, E-mail: mikkel.hansen@nanotech.dtu.dk [Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby (Denmark)

2015-04-15

We present an all-polymer, single-use microfluidic chip system produced by injection moulding and bonded by ultrasonic welding. Both techniques are compatible with low-cost industrial mass-production. The chip is produced for magnetic bead-based solid-phase extraction facilitated by immiscible phase filtration and features passive liquid filling and magnetic bead manipulation using an external magnet. In this work, we determine the system compatibility with various surfactants. Moreover, we quantify the volume of liquid co-transported with magnetic bead clusters from Milli-Q water or a lysis-binding buffer for nucleic acid extraction (0.1 (v/v)% Triton X-100 in 5 M guanidine hydrochloride). A linear relationship was found between the liquid carry-over and mass of magnetic beads used. Interestingly, similar average carry-overs of 1.74(8) nL/µg and 1.72(14) nL/µg were found for Milli-Q water and lysis-binding buffer, respectively. - Highlights: • We present an all-polymer mass producible passive filled microfluidic chip system. • Rapid system fabrication is obtained by injection moulding and ultrasonic welding. • The system is made for single-use nucleic acid extraction using magnetic beads. • We systematically map compatibility of the chip system with various surfactants. • We quantify the volume carry-over of magnetic beads in water and 0.1% triton-X solution.

6. Flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on resin beads, enzymatic amplification and a novel monoclonal antibody for determination of Hg(2+).

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Mingxia; Chen, Mengting; Dong, Tiantian; Zhao, Kang; Deng, Anping; Li, Jianguo

2015-09-21

In the present work, a simple and sensitive flow injection chemiluminescent competitive immunoassay was developed for the determination of mercury(II) ion (Hg(2+)) based on carboxylic resin beads, a novel specific monoclonal antibody (McAb) and HRP enzyme-amplification. Resin beads with carboxyl groups were creatively employed as supports for immobilizing more coating antigen through acylamide bonds. With a competitive-type assay mode, the Hg(2+) in solution competed with the immobilized coating antigen for the limited McAb. Then, the second antibody labeled with HRP was introduced, and an effectively increased CL was obtained, which was ascribed to the catalytic activity of HRP for the luminol-PIP-H2O2 reaction. With increasing concentration of Hg(2+), the CL of this system decreases because less HRP is present in the CL reaction. At optimal conditions, the CL signal displayed a good linear relation toward Hg(2+) in the range of 0.05-200 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.015 ng mL(-1). The immunosensor possessed high specificity, acceptable accuracy and reproducibility, and was examined in real samples with favorable results. This immunoassay will have intriguing application prospects for the determination of other heavy metal ions and environmental contaminants.

7. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and metal-organic framework nanocomposites as novel hybrid electrode materials for the determination of nano-molar levels of lead in a lab-on-valve format.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yang; Wu, Yichun; Xie, Jing; Ge, Huali; Hu, Xiaoya

2013-09-01

Metal-organic frameworks have been the subject of intense research because of their unique physicochemical properties. The presented study investigates the application of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and metal-organic frameworks (MWCNTs@Cu3(BTC)2) nanoparticles-modified electrode for the determination of trace levels of lead. The nanocomposites were prepared by solvothermal synthesis and characterized in detail. The experimental procedure was carried out by accumulating lead on the electrode surface and subsequently measuring with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in a lab-on-valve format. The main parameters affecting the analytical performance, including the amount of MWCNTs@Cu3(BTC)2 suspension, supporting electrolyte and its pH, stripping mode, and flow rate, have been investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the oxidation peak current displayed a calibration response for lead over a concentration range from 1.0 × 10(-9) to 5.0 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) with a excellent detection limit of 7.9 × 10(-10) mol L(-1). The relative standard deviation of 7 successive scans was 3.10% for 1.0 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) lead. The established method showed a great improvement in sensitivity and sample throughput for lead analysis. PMID:23853779

8. Liquid carry-over in an injection moulded all-polymer chip system for immiscible phase magnetic bead-based solid-phase extraction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kistrup, Kasper; Sørensen, Karen Skotte; Wolff, Anders;

2014-01-01

-binding buffer for nucleic acid extraction (0.1 (v/v)% Triton X-100 in 5 M guanidine hydrochloride). A linear relationship was found between the liquid carry-over and mass of magnetic beads used. Interestingly, similar average carry-overs of 1.74(8) nL/µg and 1.72(14) nL/µg were found for Milli-Q water and lysis......We present an all-polymer, single-use microfluidic chip system produced by injection moulding and bonded by ultrasonic welding. Both techniques are compatible with low-cost industrial mass-production. The chip is produced for magnetic bead-based solid-phase extraction facilitated by immiscible......-binding buffer, respectively....

9. Coupling sequential injection on-line preconcentration by means of a renewable microcolumn with ion-exchange beads with detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Comparing the performance of eluting the loaded beads with transporting them directly into the graphite tube

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Jianhua; Hansen, Elo Harald

2001-01-01

The design of a flow injection/sequential injection (FIA/SIA) on-line preconcentration system incorporating a renewable microcolumn with ion-exchange beads and interfaced with an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) detector is described, and its practical applicability...... waste water sample and a human urine sample....

10. Highly selective micro-sequential injection lab-on-valve (μSI-LOV) method for determination of ultra trace concentrations of nickel in saline matrices using detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometr

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Long, Xiangbao; Miró, Manuel; Jensen, Rikard;

2006-01-01

methodology showed high tolerance to the commonly encountered alkaline earth matrix elements in environmental waters, that is, calcium and magnesium, and was successfully applied for the determination of nickel in an NIST standard reference material (NIST 1640-Trace elements in natural water), household tap...... water of high hardness and local seawater. Satisfying recoveries were achieved for all spiked environmental water samples with maximum deviations of 6%. The experimental results for the standard reference material were not statistically different to the certified value at a significance level of 0.05....

11. Use of flow injection and sequential injection analysis schemes for the determination of trace-level concentrations of metals in complex matrices by ETAAS and ICPMS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald

2005-01-01

to facilitate the desired sensitivity and selectivity of measurement. Such pretreatment schemes are advantageously performed in flow injection (FI) or sequential injection (SI) manifolds, where all unit operations can be effected on-line and under enclosed and strictly controlled conditions. Various separation...... and characteristics of FI and SI, we present, via selected examples, various separation/preconcentration FI/Sl schemes for the determination of trace levels of metals, with particular emphasis on the use of the novel extension of FI/SI, that is, the so-called lab-on-valve concept....

12. Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald; Miró, Manuel

2009-01-01

Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an analytical chemical continuous-flow (CF) method which in contrast to traditional CF-procedures does not rely on complete physical mixing (homogenisation) of the sample and the reagent(s) or on attaining chemical equilibria of the chemical reactions involved...... and operational characteristics of FIA are first outlined, and then its downscaled/miniaturized sequels, that is, sequential injection analysis (SIA) and lab-on-valve (LOV), are detailed. Thus, in SIA the sample and reagents are, via the use of a multiposition valve and an attached syringe pump operated under...... live cells, can be handled and utilized as demonstrated. Because the syringe pump in SIA and LOV can be used for accurately aspirating, propelling or even stopping the flow, these modi operandi allow fully to exploit the interplay between the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the chemical reactions...

13. Exploiting flow Injection and sequential injection schemes for trace metal determinations by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald

in flow injection (FI) or sequential injection (SI) systems, which, in addition to reducing sample and reagent consumption, allow all manipulations to be made on-line under enclosed and strictly controlled conditions, thereby minimizing the risk for contamination from the environment. Various separation...... increased flow resistance. This can, however, to a large extent be alleviated by using countercurrent flow. Besides, the surface properties of the resin might be irreversibly changed after having been subjected to a large number of samples, either due to contamination, deactivation, or even loss of its...... these problems might be readily overcome by using an approach where the ion-exchange material is discarded and renewed after each measuring cycle. Based on the so-called lab-on-valve SI-system, which in its design only consumes very minute amounts of ion-exchange material, the cost per assay is amply compensated...

14. The Impact of Flow Injection on Modern Chemical Analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald

There is no doubt that Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) has had a profound impact on the ways and means that modern analytical chemical procedures are performed. This is amply reflected in the voluminous scientific literature, which by the middle of 2004 passed more than 14,500 FIA-publications in i......There is no doubt that Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) has had a profound impact on the ways and means that modern analytical chemical procedures are performed. This is amply reflected in the voluminous scientific literature, which by the middle of 2004 passed more than 14,500 FIA...... and preconcentration procedures. In recent years, FIA has been supplemented by Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) and the Lab-on-Valve (LOV) approach. Following a brief historic introduction and an account of the impact of FIA in academia, the lecture will describe these two new generations of FIA, accompanied...

15. Implementation of suitable flow injection/sequential-sample separation/preconcentration schemes for determination of trace metal concentrations using detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Elo Harald; Wang, Jianhua

2002-01-01

) are presented and discussed. Demonstrating that such pretreatments advantageously are to be performed in flow injection (FI) or sequential injection (SI) manifolds, where all appropriate unit operations can be effected under enclosed and strictly controlled conditions, procedures based on ion......-exchange, precipitation/coprecipitation, adsorption, liquid-liquid extraction, extraction/back-extraction and hydride generation are reviewed. Emphasising the use of SI-systems, special attention is paid to the use of the newly introduced approach termed the lab-on-valve (LOV), where all necessary manipulations required...... prior to detection are effected in a microconduit placed on top of an SI selection valve....

16. Bead Capture and Release on a Magnetic Sensor in a Microfluidic System

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalslet, Bjarke Thomas; Damsgaard, Christian Danvad; Freitas, S.C.;

Planar Hall effect magnetic sensors for detection of biological agents using surface treated magnetic beads are integrated with a fluid injection system. The response of the sensors is used to evaluate bead capture rates for different bead concentrations c and fluid flow rates Q, and to monitor...... to capture of beads by the magnetic fields near the sensor. It is shown that beads can be washed off the sensor surface....

17. Bead magnetorelaxometry with an on-chip magnetoresistive sensor

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalslet, Bjarke Thomas; Damsgaard, Christian Danvad; Donolato, Marco;

2011-01-01

Magnetorelaxometry measurements on suspensions of magnetic beads are demonstrated using a planar Hall effect sensor chip embedded in a microfluidic system. The alternating magnetic field used for magnetizing the beads is provided by the sensor bias current and the complex magnetic susceptibility...... spectra are recorded as the 2nd harmonic of the sensor response. The complex magnetic susceptibility signal appears when a magnetic bead suspension is injected, it scales with the bead concentration, and it follows the Cole-Cole expression for Brownian relaxation. The complex magnetic susceptibility...

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Derks, R.; Prins, M.W.J.; Wimberger-Friedl, R.

2006-01-01

Actuation principles of superparamagnetic beads applicable on biosensing (at single beads and chain orderning) are studied in this report. This research can be used to develop new techniques that are able to accelerate bio-assays. An experimental setup containing a sub-microliter fluid volume surrou

19. Are Flow Injection-based Approaches Suitable for Automated Handling of Solid Samples?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Miró, Manuel; Hansen, Elo Harald; Cerdà, Victor

, multisyringe flow injection, and micro-Lab-on-valve are presented as appealing approaches for on-line handling of solid samples. Special emphasis is given to the capability of flow systems to accommodate sequential extraction protocols for partitioning of trace elements and nutrients in environmental solids (e......Flow-based approaches were originally conceived for liquid-phase analysis, implying that constituents in solid samples generally had to be transferred into the liquid state, via appropriate batch pretreatment procedures, prior to analysis. Yet, in recent years, much effort has been focused...... on the design and characterisation of sample processings units coupled with flowing systems aiming to enable the direct introduction and treatment of solid samples of environmental and agricultural origin in an automated fashion [1]. In this respect, various sample pre-treatment techniques including...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2013-01-01

The present invention relates to screening of one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial libraries which is useful for the discovery of compounds displaying molecular interactions with a biological or a physicochemical system, such as substrates and inhibitors of enzymes and the like. The invention...... provides a method for screening a library of compounds for their interaction with a physico- chemical or biological system and a corresponding kit for performing the method of screening a one-bead-one-compound library of compounds....

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2005-01-01

The present invention is relates to methods for the identification of spatially encoded beaded or granulated matrices comprising a plurality of immobilised particles. The identification is based on a distance matrix determination or based on a set of geometrical figures, such a triangles, on the ......The present invention is relates to methods for the identification of spatially encoded beaded or granulated matrices comprising a plurality of immobilised particles. The identification is based on a distance matrix determination or based on a set of geometrical figures, such a triangles...

Science.gov (United States)

Littman, Howard (Inventor); Plawsky, Joel L. (Inventor); Paccione, John D. (Inventor)

2014-01-01

Methods and apparatus for coating particulate material are provided. The apparatus includes a vessel having a top and a bottom, a vertically extending conduit having an inlet in the vessel and an outlet outside of the vessel, a first fluid inlet in the bottom of the vessel for introducing a transfer fluid, a second fluid inlet in the bottom of the vessel for introducing a coating fluid, and a fluid outlet from the vessel. The method includes steps of agitating a material, contacting the material with a coating material, and drying the coating material to produce a coated material. The invention may be adapted to coat aerogel beads, among other materials. A coated aerogel bead and an aerogel-based insulation material are also disclosed.

3. Microfabricated Passive Magnetic Bead separators

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Mikkel Fougt; Lund-Olesen, Torsten; Smistrup, Kristian;

2006-01-01

The use and manipulation of functionalized magnetic beads for bioanalysis in lab-on-a-chip systems is receiving growing interest. We have developed microfluidic systems with integrated magnetic structures for the capture and release of magnetic beads. The systems are fabricated in silicon by deep...

4. A Pneumatic Actuated Microfluidic Beads-Trapping Device

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shao, Guocheng; Cai, Ziliang; Wang, Jun; Wang, Wanjun; Lin, Yuehe

2011-08-20

The development of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic microbeads trapping device is reported in this paper. Besides fluid channels, the proposed device includes a pneumatic control chamber and a beads-trapping chamber with a filter array structure. The pneumatic flow control chamber and the beads-trapping chamber are vertically stacked and separated by a thin membrane. By adjusting the pressure in the pneumatic control chamber, the membrane can either be pushed against the filter array to set the device in trapping mode or be released to set the device in releasing mode. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics simulation was conducted to optimize the geometry design of the filter array structure; the device fabrication was also carried out. The prototype device was tested and the preliminary experimental results showed that it can be used as a beads-trapping unit for various biochemistry and analytical chemistry applications, especially for flow injection analysis systems.

5. Encapsulation of lactase (β-galactosidase) into κ-carrageenan-based hydrogel beads: Impact of environmental conditions on enzyme activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zipei; Zhang, Ruojie; Chen, Long; McClements, David Julian

2016-06-01

Encapsulation of enzymes in hydrogel beads may improve their utilization and activity in foods. In this study, the potential of carrageenan hydrogel beads for encapsulating β-galactosidase was investigated. Hydrogel beads were fabricated by injecting an aqueous solution, containing β-galactosidase (26 U) and carrageenan (1 wt%), into a hardening solution (5% potassium chloride). Around 63% of the β-galactosidase was initially encapsulated in the hydrogel beads. Encapsulated β-galactosidase had a higher activity than that of the free enzyme over a range of pH and thermal conditions, which was attributed to the stabilization of the enzyme structure by K(+) ions within the carrageenan beads. Release of the enzyme from the beads was observed during storage in aqueous solutions, which was attributed to the relatively large pore size of the hydrogel matrix. Our results suggest that carrageenan hydrogel beads may be useful encapsulation systems, but further work is needed to inhibit enzyme leakage. PMID:26830562

6. Encapsulation of lactase (β-galactosidase) into κ-carrageenan-based hydrogel beads: Impact of environmental conditions on enzyme activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zipei; Zhang, Ruojie; Chen, Long; McClements, David Julian

2016-06-01

Encapsulation of enzymes in hydrogel beads may improve their utilization and activity in foods. In this study, the potential of carrageenan hydrogel beads for encapsulating β-galactosidase was investigated. Hydrogel beads were fabricated by injecting an aqueous solution, containing β-galactosidase (26 U) and carrageenan (1 wt%), into a hardening solution (5% potassium chloride). Around 63% of the β-galactosidase was initially encapsulated in the hydrogel beads. Encapsulated β-galactosidase had a higher activity than that of the free enzyme over a range of pH and thermal conditions, which was attributed to the stabilization of the enzyme structure by K(+) ions within the carrageenan beads. Release of the enzyme from the beads was observed during storage in aqueous solutions, which was attributed to the relatively large pore size of the hydrogel matrix. Our results suggest that carrageenan hydrogel beads may be useful encapsulation systems, but further work is needed to inhibit enzyme leakage.

Science.gov (United States)

Graves, J. R.

1974-01-01

Peen plating of aluminum, copper, and nickel powders was investigated. Only aluminum was plated successfully within the range of peen plating conditions studied. Optimum plating conditions for aluminum were found to be: (1) bead/powder mixture containing 25 to 35% powder by weight, (2) peening intensity of 0.007A as measured by Almen strip, and (3) glass impact bead diameter of at least 297 microns (0.0117 inches) for depositing-100 mesh aluminum powder. No extensive cleaning or substrate preparation is required beyond removing loose dirt or heavy oil.

8. Glass bead cultivation of fungi

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Droce, Aida; Sørensen, Jens Laurids; Giese, H.;

2013-01-01

Production of bioactive compounds and enzymes from filamentous fungi is highly dependent on cultivation conditions. Here we present an easy way to cultivate filamentous fungi on glass beads that allow complete control of nutrient supply. Secondary metabolite production in Fusarium graminearum...

9. Bead-Based Microfluidic Sediment Analogues: Fabrication and Colloid Transport.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Yang; Huang, Jingwei; Xiao, Feng; Yin, Xiaolong; Chun, Jaehun; Um, Wooyong; Neeves, Keith B; Wu, Ning

2016-09-13

Mobile colloids can act as carriers for low-solubility contaminants in the environment. However, the dominant mechanism for this colloid-facilitated transport of chemicals is unclear. Therefore, we developed a bead-based microfluidic platform of sediment analogues and measured both single and population transport of model colloids. The porous medium is assembled through a bead-by-bead injection method. This approach has the versatility to build both electrostatically homogeneous and heterogeneous media at the pore scale. A T-junction at the exit also allowed for encapsulation and enumeration of colloids effluent at single particle resolution to give population dynamics. Tortuosity calculated from pore-scale trajectory analysis and its comparison with lattice Boltzmann simulations revealed that transport of colloids was influenced by the size exclusion effect. The porous media packed by positively and negatively charged beads into two layers showed distinctive colloidal particle retention and significant remobilization and re-adsorption of particles during water flushing. We demonstrated the potential of our method to fabricate porous media with surface heterogeneities at the pore scale. With both single and population dynamics measurement, our platform has the potential to connect pore-scale and macroscale colloid transport on a lab scale and to quantify the impact of grain surface heterogeneities that are natural in the subsurface environment. PMID:27548505

10. Developement of Spherical Polyurethane Beads

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

K. Maeda; H. Ohmori; H. Gyotoku

2005-01-01

@@ 1Results and Discussion We established a new method to produce the spherical polyurethane beads which have narrower distribution of particle size. This narrower distribution was achieved by the polyurethane prepolymer which contains ketimine as a blocked chain-extending agent. Firstly, the prepolymer is dispersed into the aqueous solution containing surfactant. Secondaly, water comes into the inside of prepolymer as oil phase. Thirdly, ketimine is hydrolyzed to amine, and amine reacts with prepolymer immediately to be polyurethane.Our spherical polyurethane beads are very suitable for automotive interior parts especially for instrument panel cover sheet producing under the slush molding method, because of good process ability, excellent durability to the sunlight and mechanical properties at low temperature. See Fig. 1 ,Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 (Page 820).

11. Direct friction measurement in draw bead testing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsson, David Dam; Bay, Niels; Andreasen, Jan Lasson

2005-01-01

The application of draw beads in sheet metal stamping ensures controlled drawing-in of flange parts. Lubrication conditions in draw beads are severe due to sliding under simultaneous bending. Based on the original draw bead test design by Nine [1] comprehensive studies of friction in draw beads...... have been reported in literature. A major drawback in all these studies is that friction is not directly measured, but requires repeated measurements of the drawing force with and without relative sliding between the draw beads and the sheet material. This implies two tests with a fixed draw bead tool......-in piezoelectric torque transducer. This technique results in a very sensitive measurement of friction, which furthermore enables recording of lubricant film breakdown as function of drawing distance. The proposed test is validated in an experimental investigation of the influence of lubricant viscosity...

12. Beads, beaded-fibres and fibres: Tailoring the morphology of poly(caprolactone) using pressurised gyration.

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, Xianze; Edirisinghe, Mohan; Mahalingam, Suntharavathanan

2016-12-01

13. Expanded polylactide bead foaming - A new technology

Science.gov (United States)

Nofar, M.; Ameli, A.; Park, C. B.

2015-05-01

Bead foaming technology with double crystal melting peak structure has been recognized as a promising method to produce low-density foams with complex geometries. During the molding stage of the bead foams, the double peak structure generates a strong bead-to-bead sintering and maintains the overall foam structure. During recent years, polylactide (PLA) bead foaming has been of the great interest of researchers due to its origin from renewable resources and biodegradability. However, due to the PLA's low melt strength and slow crystallization kinetics, the attempts have been limited to the manufacturing methods used for expanded polystyrene. In this study, for the first time, we developed microcellular PLA bead foams with double crystal melting peak structure. Microcellular PLA bead foams were produced with expansion ratios and average cell sizes ranging from 3 to 30-times and 350 nm to 15 µm, respectively. The generated high melting temperature crystals during the saturation significantly affected the expansion ratio and cell density of the PLA bead foams by enhancing the PLA's poor melt strength and promoting heterogeneous cell nucleation around the crystals.

14. Porous bead packings for gas chromatography

Science.gov (United States)

Pollock, G. E.; Woeller, F. H.

1979-01-01

Porous polyaromatic packing beads have low polarity, high efficiency, short retention time, and may be synthesized in size range of 50 to 150 micrometers (100 to 270 mesh). Mechanically strong beads may be produced using various materials depending on elements and compounds to be identified.

15. BeadArray expression analysis using bioconductor.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matthew E Ritchie

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Illumina whole-genome expression BeadArrays are a popular choice in gene profiling studies. Aside from the vendor-provided software tools for analyzing BeadArray expression data (GenomeStudio/BeadStudio, there exists a comprehensive set of open-source analysis tools in the Bioconductor project, many of which have been tailored to exploit the unique properties of this platform. In this article, we explore a number of these software packages and demonstrate how to perform a complete analysis of BeadArray data in various formats. The key steps of importing data, performing quality assessments, preprocessing, and annotation in the common setting of assessing differential expression in designed experiments will be covered.

OpenAIRE

LIU, CHANGCHUN; Schrlau, Michael G.; Bau, Haim H.

2009-01-01

A simple, robust, single bead-based electrochemical biosensor was fabricated and characterized. The sensor’s working electrode consists of an electrochemically-etched platinum wire, with a nominal diameter of 25 μm, hermetically heat-fusion sealed in a pulled glass capillary (micropipette). The sealing process does not require any epoxy or glue. A commercially available, densely functionalized agarose bead was mounted on the tip of the etched platinum wire. The use of a pre-functionalized bea...

17. Acupressure Bead in the Eustachian Tube.

Science.gov (United States)

Igarashi, Kazunori; Matsumoto, Yu; Kakigi, Akinobu

2015-08-01

In this article, we aim to enlighten practitioners and patients involved with acupressure beads and to contribute to their safer use by reporting a unique case of insidious intrusion of an acupressure bead into the eustachian tube. A metallic object was found in the eustachian tube of a patient while conducting a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. The object was later confirmed to be an auricular acupressure bead, and was successfully removed by performing a tympanoplasty and a canal wall down mastoidectomy. The bead was assumed to have passed through an existing perforation of the tympanic membrane. According to previously published literature, tympanic membrane perforations exist in ∼1% of the population. Therefore, middle-ear foreign bodies are relatively common occurrences for otolaryngologists. However, metallic objects such as acupressure beads are especially important in the sense that they can cause severe burns during MRI. To avoid potential complications, acupressure-bead practitioners should be aware of the possibility that intrusions through the tympanic membrane could go unnoticed. PMID:26276456

18. The Beads of Translation: Using Beads to Translate mRNA into a Polypeptide Bracelet

Science.gov (United States)

Dunlap, Dacey; Patrick, Patricia

2012-01-01

During this activity, by making beaded bracelets that represent the steps of translation, students simulate the creation of an amino acid chain. They are given an mRNA sequence that they translate into a corresponding polypeptide chain (beads). This activity focuses on the events and sites of translation. The activity provides students with a…

19. Beaded streams of Arctic permafrost landscapes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. D. Arp

2014-07-01

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

A. Morales; E. Bordallo; V. Leon; J. Rieumont

2004-01-01

The adsorption of some dyes on samples of bead cellulose obtained in the Unit of Research-Production "Cuba 9"was studied. Methylene blue, alizarin red and congo red fitted the adsorption isotherm of Langmuir. Adsorption kinetics at pH = 6 was linear with the square root of time indicating the diffusion is the controlling step. At pH = 12 a non-Fickian trend was observed and adsorption was higher for the first two dyes. Experiments carried out to release the methylene blue occluded in the cellulose beads gave a kinetic behavior of zero order. The study of cytochrome C adsorption was included to test a proteinic material. Crosslinking of bead cellulose was performed with epichlorohydrin decreasing its adsorption capacity in acidic or alkaline solution.

1. Black holes as beads on cosmic strings

OpenAIRE

2014-01-01

We consider the possibility of formation of cosmic strings with black holes as beads. We focus on the simplest setup where two black holes are formed on a long cosmic string. It turns out the in absence of a background magnetic field and for observationally viable values for cosmic string tensions, \\mu 2. In vivo behavior of hydrogel beads based on amidated pectins. Science.gov (United States) Munjeri, O; Collett, J H; Fell, J T; Sharma, H L; Smith, A M 1998-01-01 Radio-labeled hydrogel beads, based on amidated pectin, have been produced by adding droplets of an amidated pectin solution to calcium chloride. Incorporation of model drugs into the beads and measurement of the dissolution rate showed that the properties of the beads were unaffected by the incorporation of the radiolabel. The labeled beads were used to carry out an in vivo study of their behavior in the gastrointestinal tract using human volunteers. The volunteers were given the beads after an overnight fast and images were obtained at frequent intervals during transit through the upper gastrointestinal tract and the colon. The beads exhibited rapid gastric emptying and proceeded to pass through the small intestine individually before regrouping at the ileo-caecal junction. Once in the colon, the beads again proceeded as individuals and evidence of the degradation of the beads was observed. 3. A Controlled Drug-Delivery Experiment Using Alginate Beads Science.gov (United States) Farrell, Stephanie; Vernengo, Jennifer 2012-01-01 This paper describes a simple, cost-effective experiment which introduces students to drug delivery and modeling using alginate beads. Students produce calcium alginate beads loaded with drug and measure the rate of release from the beads for systems having different stir rates, geometries, extents of cross-linking, and drug molecular weight.… 4. Superparamagnetic bead interactions with functionalized surfaces characterized by an immunomicroarray DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Skottrup, Peter Durand; Hansen, Mikkel Fougt; Moresco, Jacob Lange; 2010-01-01 Magneto-resistive sensors capable of detecting superparamagnetic micro-/nano-sized beads are promising alternatives to standard diagnostic assays based on absorbance or fluorescence and streptavidin-functionalized beads are widely used as an integral part of these sensors. Here we have developed an...... SiO2 performed better than polyethylene glycol-modified surfaces Two beads, Masterbeads and M-280 beads, were found to give superior results compared with other bead types. Antibody/ antigen interactions, Illustrated by C-reactive protein, were best performed with Masterbeads The results provide...... important information concerning the surface binding properties of streptavidin-functionalized beads and the immunomicroarray can be used when optimizing the performance of bead-based biosensors.... 5. Fungal cultivation on glass-beads DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Droce, Aida; Sørensen, Jens Laurids; Giese, Henriette; Transcription of various bioactive compounds and enzymes are dependent on fungal cultivation method. In this study we cultivate Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium solani on glass-beads with liquid media in petri dishes as an easy and inexpensive cultivation method, that resembles in secondary meta...... metabolite production to agar-cultivation but with an easier and more pure RNA-extraction of total fungal mycelia.... 6. RF Bead Pull Measurements of the DQW CERN Document Server Jaume, Guillaume 2015-01-01 This report was written within the framework of the CERN Summer Student Program. It is focused on the Radio Frequency study of the Double Quarter Wave Crab Cavity [1] considered for the crab-crossing scheme of the LHC Luminosity upgrade [2]. HFSS simulation [3] and Bead-Pull Measurements technique were used for the characterization of the higher-order terms of the main deflecting mode. 7. Temozolomide Injection Science.gov (United States) Temozolomide is used to treat certain types of brain tumors. Temozolomide is in a class of medications called alkylating ... Temozolomide injection comes as a powder to be added to fluid and injected over 90 minutes intravenously ( ... 8. Methotrexate Injection Science.gov (United States) Methotrexate injection is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat gestational trophoblastic tumors (a ... in bones) after surgery to remove the tumor. Methotrexate injection is also used to treat severe psoriasis ( ... 9. Leucovorin Injection Science.gov (United States) ... injection is used to prevent harmful effects of methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall; cancer chemotherapy medication) when methotrexate is used to to treat certain types of cancer. Leucovorin injection is used to treat people who ... 10. Pembrolizumab Injection Science.gov (United States) Pembrolizumab injection is used to treat melanoma (a type of skin cancer) that cannot be treated with ... who have a specific type of melanoma tumor. Pembrolizumab injection is also used to treat a certain ... 11. Paclitaxel Injection Science.gov (United States) ... with other medications. Paclitaxel injection manufactured with polyoxyethylated castor oil is used to treat ovarian cancer (cancer that ... cancer, and lung cancer. Paclitaxel injection with polyoxyethylated castor oil is also used to treat Kaposi's sarcoma (a ... 12. Evolocumab Injection Science.gov (United States) Evolocumab injection is used along with diet and certain cholesterol-lowering medications, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), ... cholesterol cannot be removed from the body normally). Evolocumab injection is in a class of medications called ... 13. Octreotide Injection Science.gov (United States) Octreotide immediate-release injection is used to decrease the amount of growth hormone (a natural substance) produced ... be treated with surgery, radiation, or another medication. Octreotide immediate-release injection is also used to control ... 14. Naltrexone Injection Science.gov (United States) Naltrexone injection is used along with counseling and social support to help people who have stopped drinking large amounts of alcohol to avoid drinking again. Naltrexone injection is also used along with counseling and ... 15. Vancomycin Injection Science.gov (United States) Vancomycin injection is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat certain serious infections such ... infections of the lungs, skin, blood, and bones. Vancomycin injection is in a class of medications called ... 16. Microarray of DNA probes on carboxylate functional beads surface Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 黄承志; 李原芳; 黄新华; 范美坤 2000-01-01 The microarray of DNA probes with 5’ -NH2 and 5’ -Tex/3’ -NH2 modified terminus on 10 um carboxylate functional beads surface in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) is characterized in the preseni paper. it was found that the microarray capacity of DNA probes on the beads surface depends on the pH of the aqueous solution, the concentra-tion of DNA probe and the total surface area of the beads. On optimal conditions, the minimum distance of 20 mer single-stranded DNA probe microarrayed on beads surface is about 14 nm, while that of 20 mer double-stranded DNA probes is about 27 nm. If the probe length increases from 20 mer to 35 mer, its microarray density decreases correspondingly. Mechanism study shows that the binding mode of DNA probes on the beads surface is nearly parallel to the beads surface. 17. HPMA and HEMA copolymer bead interactions with eukaryotic cells Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Cristina D. Vianna-Soares 2004-09-01 Full Text Available Two different hydrophilic acrylate beads were prepared via aqueous suspension polymerization. Beads produced of a hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA and ethyleneglycol methacrylate (EDMA copolymer were obtained using a polyvinyl alcohol suspending medium. Copolymers of 2hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, methyl methacrylate (MMA and ethyleneglycol methacrylate (EDMA beads were obtained using magnesium hydroxide as the suspending agent. Following characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, nitrogen sorption analysis (NSA and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP, the beads were cultured with monkey fibroblasts (COS7 to evaluate their ability to support cell growth, attachment and adhesion. Cell growth behavior onto small HPMA/EDMA copolymer beads and large HEMA/MMA/EDMA copolymer beads is evaluated regarding their hidrophilicity/hidrophobicity and surface roughness. 18. Naloxone Injection Science.gov (United States) ... doctor to get a new injection device.The automatic injection device has an electronic voice system that provides step by step directions ... guard has been removed, safely dispose of the automatic injection ... local garbage/recycling department to learn about take-back programs in ... 19. Subcutaneous Injections DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Thomsen, Maria at the injection site was influenced by the needle length and the injected volume. Several imaging analysis tools were optimized for the characterization, and these tools were implemented also on subcutaneous injections in rats, visualized by low dose μCT, and used for characterization of the morphology in mouse... 20. Ustekinumab Injection Science.gov (United States) ... Do not inject into an area where the skin is tender, bruised, red, or hard or where you have scars or stretch marks.Your doctor or pharmacist will ... injection.you should know that ustekinumab injection may decrease your ability ... new or changing skin lesions, minor infections (such as open cuts or ... 1. Detection of ''beading faults'' in welded tubes International Nuclear Information System (INIS) In the steel tube industry the word ''beading'' refers to a highly localised leak affecting the welded zone. During the pneumatic test its flow rate is generally very low no more than a few thousandths of a mm3/second. Detection of such a fault by this test is consequently slow, and those which are choked or at the limit of leakage may escape detection. For greater safety, the tube technician is now using non-destructive testing methods such as eddy-currents and ultrasonics 2. Development of temper bead welding by under water laser welding International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Toshiba has developed temper bead welding by under water laser welding as SCC counter measure for aged components in PWR and BWR nuclear power plants. Temper bead welding by under water laser welding technique recovers toughness of low alloy steel reactor vessel by employing proper the number of cladding layers and their welding conditions. In this report, some evaluation results of material characteristics of temper bead welded low alloy steel are presented. (author) 3. Ormosil Beads for Insulation of Ground Cryogenic Storage Tanks Project Data.gov (United States) National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Organically modified silica (Ormosil) aerogel beads developed at Aspen Aerogels, Inc. offer several advantages for retrofitting perlite insulation in NASA's ground... 4. Non-constrictive bead immobilization leading to decreased and uniform shear stress in microfluidic bead-based ELISA CERN Document Server Mitra, Kinshuk; Chidambaram, Preethi; Maharry, Aaron P; Xu, Ronald X; Tweedle, Michael F 2014-01-01 Microfluidic biosensors have been utilized for sensing a wide range of antigens using numerous configurations. Bead based microfluidic sensors have been a popular modality due to the plug and play nature of analyte choice and the favorable geometry of spherical sensor scaffolds. While constriction of beads against fluid flow remains a popular method to immobilize the sensor, it results in poor fluidic regimes and shear conditions around sensor beads that can affect sensor performance. We present an alternative means of sensor bead immobilization using poly-carbonate membrane. This system results in several orders of magnitude lower variance of flow radially around the sensor bead. Shear stress experienced by our non-constrictive immobilized bead was three orders of magnitude lower. We demonstrate ability to quantitatively sense EpCAM protein, a marker for cancer stem cells and operation under both far-red and green wavelengths with no auto-fluorescence. 5. On-line liquid phase micro-extraction based on drop-in-plug sequential injection lab-at-valve platform for metal determination International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Highlights: ► Drop-in-plug micro-extraction based on SI-LAV platform for metal preconcentration. ► Automatic liquid phase micro-extraction coupled with FAAS. ► Organic solvents with density higher than water are used. ► Lead determination in environmental water and urine samples. -- Abstract: A novel automatic on-line liquid phase micro-extraction method based on drop-in-plug sequential injection lab-at-valve (LAV) platform was proposed for metal preconcentration and determination. A flow-through micro-extraction chamber mounted at the selection valve was adopted without the need of sophisticated lab-on-valve components. Coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), the potential of this lab-at-valve scheme is demonstrated for trace lead determination in environmental and biological water samples. A hydrophobic complex of lead with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) was formed on-line and subsequently extracted into an 80 μL plug of chloroform. The extraction procedure was performed by forming micro-droplets of aqueous phase into the plug of the extractant. All critical parameters that affect the efficiency of the system were studied and optimized. The proposed method offered good performance characteristics and high preconcentration ratios. For 10 mL sample consumption an enhancement factor of 125 was obtained. The detection limit was 1.8 μg L−1 and the precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) at 50.0 μg L−1 of lead was 2.9%. The proposed method was evaluated by analyzing certified reference materials and applied for lead determination in natural waters and urine samples 6. Bradycardia Associated With Drug-Eluting Beads Loaded With Irinotecan (DEBIRI) Infusion for Colorectal Liver Metastases International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Intra-arterial injection of drug-eluting beads loaded with irinotecan (DEBIRI) is a new treatment option being investigated, with encouraging results, for unresectable colorectal liver metastases that are refractory to systemic chemotherapy (Martin et al., Ann Surg Oncol 18:192–198, 2011). Toxicity related to DEBIRI has also been described (Martin et al., Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 33:960–966, 2010). Nevertheless, experience and literature related to DEBIRI remain limited, and experience with this treatment is expected to increase. The purpose of this article is to describe bradycardia occurring during DEBIRI administration, which has not been reported thus far. 7. Bradycardia Associated With Drug-Eluting Beads Loaded With Irinotecan (DEBIRI) Infusion for Colorectal Liver Metastases Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Pua, Uei, E-mail: druei@yahoo.com [Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Singapore) 2013-06-15 Intra-arterial injection of drug-eluting beads loaded with irinotecan (DEBIRI) is a new treatment option being investigated, with encouraging results, for unresectable colorectal liver metastases that are refractory to systemic chemotherapy (Martin et al., Ann Surg Oncol 18:192-198, 2011). Toxicity related to DEBIRI has also been described (Martin et al., Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 33:960-966, 2010). Nevertheless, experience and literature related to DEBIRI remain limited, and experience with this treatment is expected to increase. The purpose of this article is to describe bradycardia occurring during DEBIRI administration, which has not been reported thus far. 8. Improved Peak Capacity for Capillary Electrophoretic Separations of Enzyme Inhibitors with Activity-Based Detection Using Magnetic Bead Microreactors OpenAIRE Yan, Xiaoyan; Gilman, S. Douglass 2010-01-01 A technique for separating and detecting enzyme inhibitors was developed using capillary electrophoresis with an enzyme microreactor. The on-column enzyme microreactor was constructed using NdFeB magnet(s) to immobilize alkaline phosphatase-coated superparamagnetic beads (2.8 μm diameter) inside a capillary before the detection window. Enzyme inhibition assays were performed by injecting a plug of inhibitor into a capillary filled with the substrate, AttoPhos. Product generated in the enzyme ... 9. Bead Collage: An Arts-Based Research Method Science.gov (United States) Kay, Lisa 2013-01-01 In this paper, "bead collage," an arts-based research method that invites participants to reflect, communicate and construct their experience through the manipulation of beads and found objects is explained. Emphasizing the significance of one's personal biography and experiences as a researcher, I discuss how my background as an… 10. A High-Throughput SU-8Microfluidic Magnetic Bead Separator DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Bu, Minqiang; Christensen, T. B.; Smistrup, Kristian; 2007-01-01 We present a novel microfluidic magnetic bead separator based on SU-8 fabrication technique for high through-put applications. The experimental results show that magnetic beads can be captured at an efficiency of 91 % and 54 % at flow rates of 1 mL/min and 4 mL/min, respectively. Integration... 11. Nanofibrous polymeric beads from aramid fibers for efficient bilirubin removal. Science.gov (United States) Peng, Zihang; Yang, Ye; Luo, Jiyue; Nie, Chuanxiong; Ma, Lang; Cheng, Chong; Zhao, Changsheng 2016-08-16 Polymer based hemoperfusion has been developed as an effective therapy to remove the extra bilirubin from patients. However, the currently applied materials suffer from either low removal efficiency or poor blood compatibility. In this study, we report the development of a new class of nanofibrous absorbent that exhibited high bilirubin removal efficiency and good blood compatibility. The Kevlar nanofiber was prepared by dissolving micron-sized Kevlar fiber in proper solvent, and the beads were prepared by dropping Kevlar nanofiber solutions into ethanol. Owing to the nanofiborous structure of the Kevlar nanofiber, the beads displayed porous structures and large specific areas, which would facilitate the adsorption of toxins. In the adsorption test, it was noticed that the beads possessed an adsorption capacity higher than 40 mg g(-1) towards bilirubin. In plasma mimetic solutions, the beads still showed high bilirubin removal efficiency. Furthermore, after incorporating with carbon nanotubes, the beads were found to have increased adsorption capacity for human degradation waste. Moreover, the beads showed excellent blood compatibility in terms of a low hemolysis ratio, prolonged clotting times, suppressed coagulant activation, limited platelet activation, and inhibited blood related inflammatory activation. Additionally, the beads showed good compatibility with endothelial cells. In general, the Kevlar nanofiber beads, which integrated with high adsorption capacity, good blood compatibility and low cytotoxicity, may have great potential for hemoperfusion and some other applications in biomedical fields. PMID:27481656 12. Nanofibrous polymeric beads from aramid fibers for efficient bilirubin removal. Science.gov (United States) Peng, Zihang; Yang, Ye; Luo, Jiyue; Nie, Chuanxiong; Ma, Lang; Cheng, Chong; Zhao, Changsheng 2016-08-16 Polymer based hemoperfusion has been developed as an effective therapy to remove the extra bilirubin from patients. However, the currently applied materials suffer from either low removal efficiency or poor blood compatibility. In this study, we report the development of a new class of nanofibrous absorbent that exhibited high bilirubin removal efficiency and good blood compatibility. The Kevlar nanofiber was prepared by dissolving micron-sized Kevlar fiber in proper solvent, and the beads were prepared by dropping Kevlar nanofiber solutions into ethanol. Owing to the nanofiborous structure of the Kevlar nanofiber, the beads displayed porous structures and large specific areas, which would facilitate the adsorption of toxins. In the adsorption test, it was noticed that the beads possessed an adsorption capacity higher than 40 mg g(-1) towards bilirubin. In plasma mimetic solutions, the beads still showed high bilirubin removal efficiency. Furthermore, after incorporating with carbon nanotubes, the beads were found to have increased adsorption capacity for human degradation waste. Moreover, the beads showed excellent blood compatibility in terms of a low hemolysis ratio, prolonged clotting times, suppressed coagulant activation, limited platelet activation, and inhibited blood related inflammatory activation. Additionally, the beads showed good compatibility with endothelial cells. In general, the Kevlar nanofiber beads, which integrated with high adsorption capacity, good blood compatibility and low cytotoxicity, may have great potential for hemoperfusion and some other applications in biomedical fields. 13. Random glycopeptide bead libraries for seromic biomarker discovery DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Kracun, Stjepan Kresimir; Cló, Emiliano; Clausen, Henrik; 2010-01-01 have developed a random glycopeptide bead library screening platform for detection of autoantibodies and other binding proteins. Libraries were build on biocompatible PEGA beads including a safety-catch C-terminal amide linker (SCAL) that allowed mild cleavage conditions (I(2)/NaBH(4) and TFA) for... 14. Bead Capture on Magnetic Sensors in a Microfluidic System DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Østerberg, Frederik Westergaard; Dalslet, Bjarke Thomas; Damsgaard, Christian Danvad; 2009-01-01 The accumulation of magnetic beads by gravitational sedimentation and magnetic capture on a planar Hall-effect sensor integrated in a microfluidic channel is studied systematically as a function of the bead concentration, the fluid flow rate, and the sensor bias current. It is demonstrated...... the fluid flow is defined by the localized magnetic fields from the sensor.... 15. A NOVEL APPROACH TO SYNTHESIZE CHITOSAN BEADS CROSSLINKED BY EPICHLOROHYDRIN Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WANG Yongjian; BAI Shu; SUN Yan 2001-01-01 The present investigation describes a novel method for preparing spherical chitosan particles based on crosslinking with epichlorohydrin. Certain amount of pre-crosslinking agent was added to form chitosan gels by traditional inverse phase suspension polymerization. Then the gels were crosslinked by epichlorohydrin at basic condition to obtain chitosan beads. The effects of reaction conditions, such as crosslinking time, the amount of crosslinking agent and the NaOtt concentration,on the physical properties of the chitosan beads were investigated. The beads were found to have more amino groups in the polymer chains than the beads crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. The capacity for copper ions is as high as 40mg/g. The beads have good mechanical strength and can be reused. 16. A NOVEL APPROACH TO SYNTHESIZE CHITOSAN BEADS CROSSLINKED BY EPICHLOROHYDRIN Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WANGYongjina; BAIShu; 等 2001-01-01 The present investigation describes a novel method for preparing spherical chitosan particles based on crosslinking with epichlorohydrin.Certain amount of pre-crosslinking agent was added to form chitosan gels by traditional inverse phase suspension polymerization.Then the gels were crosslinked by epichlorohydrin at basic condition to obtain chitosan beads.The effects of reaction conditions,such as crosslinking time,the amount of crosslinking agent and the NaOH concentration,on the physical properties of the chitosan beads were investigated.The beads were found to have more amino groups in the polymer chains than the beads crosslinked by glutaraldehyde.The capacity for copper ions in as high as 40mg/g,The beads have good mechanical strength and can be reused. 17. Magnetic manipulation and sensing of beads for bioapplications DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Henriksen, Anders Dahl a minimum feature size of one micron, which limits the movable bead size to approximately one micron. Parts II and III investigate magnetic bead detection using planar Hall effect bridge (PHEB) sensors. The PHEB sensor also uses a permalloy based magnetic tacks with anisotropic magnetoresistance...... research have gone into making a customizable and multipurpose sensor platform, which could accelerate the number of practices. This thesis investigates the role of magnetic beads as candidates for use in these new biosensing devices. Magnetic beads have stable properties and can be easily coated....... By combining four resistors in a Wheatstone bridge, the sensor output is shown to be proportional to low magnetic fields. In this thesis, the PHEB sensors are used for either detection of an external homogeneous magnetic field or for detection of magnetic beads that are magnetized by the sensor self... 18. Switchable cell trapping using superparamagnetic beads Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bryan, M. T.; Smith, K. H.; Real, M. E.; Bashir, M. A.; Fry, P. W.; Fischer, P.; Im, M.-Y.; Schrefl, T.; Allwood, D. A.; Haycock, J. W. 2010-04-30 Ni{sub 81}Fe{sub 19} microwires are investigated as the basis of a switchable template for positioning magnetically-labeled neural Schwann cells. Magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy and micromagnetic modeling show that magnetic domain walls can be created or removed in zigzagged structures by an applied magnetic field. Schwann cells containing superparamagnetic beads are trapped by the field emanating from the domain walls. The design allows Schwann cells to be organized on a surface to form a connected network and then released from the surface if required. As aligned Schwann cells can guide nerve regeneration, this technique is of value for developing glial-neuronal co-culture models in the future treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. 19. Inhibitive Effect of antibiotic-loaded beads to cure chronic osteomyelitis in developing country : Hand-made vs commercial beads NARCIS (Netherlands) Rasyid, Hcrmawan N.; Van Horn, Jim R.; Van der Mei, Henny C.; Soegijoko, Sooegijardjo; Busscher, Henk J.; Neut, Danielle; Ibrahim, F; Osman, NAA; Usman, J; Kadri, NA 2007-01-01 Local antibiotic-loaded beads have been approved for standard treatment of orthopaedic pathogens, especially chronic osteomyelitis. Septopal (R), the only commercial local antibiotic bead available on the market, is expensive and contains only gentamicin. This study aimed to compare the in vitro inh 20. DWPF GLASS BEADS AND GLASS FRIT TRANSPORT DEMONSTRATION Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Adamson, D; Bradley Pickenheim, B 2008-11-24 DWPF is considering replacing irregularly shaped glass frit with spherical glass beads in the Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) process to decrease the yield stress of the melter feed (a non-Newtonian Bingham Plastic). Pilot-scale testing was conducted on spherical glass beads and glass frit to determine how well the glass beads would transfer when compared to the glass frit. Process Engineering Development designed and constructed the test apparatus to aid in the understanding and impacts that spherical glass beads may have on the existing DWPF Frit Transfer System. Testing was conducted to determine if the lines would plug with the glass beads and the glass frit slurry and what is required to unplug the lines. The flow loop consisted of vertical and horizontal runs of clear PVC piping, similar in geometry to the existing system. Two different batches of glass slurry were tested: a batch of 50 wt% spherical glass beads and a batch of 50 wt% glass frit in process water. No chemicals such as formic acid was used in slurry, only water and glass formers. The glass beads used for this testing were commercially available borosilicate glass of mesh size -100+200. The glass frit was Frit 418 obtained from DWPF and is nominally -45+200 mesh. The spherical glass beads did not have a negative impact on the frit transfer system. The transferring of the spherical glass beads was much easier than the glass frit. It was difficult to create a plug with glass bead slurry in the pilot transfer system. When a small plug occurred from setting overnight with the spherical glass beads, the plug was easy to displace using only the pump. In the case of creating a man made plug in a vertical line, by filling the line with spherical glass beads and allowing the slurry to settle for days, the plug was easy to remove by using flush water. The glass frit proved to be much more difficult to transfer when compared to the spherical glass beads. The glass frit impacted the transfer system to the point 1. Formulation of controlled release gellan gum macro beads of amoxicillin. Science.gov (United States) Babu, R Jayachandra; Sathigari, Sateesh; Kumar, M Thilek; Pandit, J K 2010-01-01 Gellan gum has been reported to have wide pharmaceutical applications such as tablet binder, disintegrant, gelling agent and as a controlled release polymer. Multiparticulate delivery systems spread out more uniformly in the gastrointestinal tract and reduce the local irritation. The purpose of this study is to explore possible applicability of gellan macro beads as an oral controlled release system of a sparingly soluble drug, amoxicillin. Gellan gum beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation with calcium ions. The effect of drug loading, stirring time, polymer concentration, electrolyte (CaCl2) concentration, curing time etc. influencing the preparation of the gellan gum macro beads and the drug release from gellan gum beads were investigated in this study. Optimal preparation conditions allowed very high incorporation efficiency for amoxicillin (91%) The release kinetics of amoxicillin from gellan beads followed the diffusion model for an inert porous matrix in the order: 0.1 N HCl > phosphate buffer > distilled water. Change in curing time did not significantly affect the release rate constant, but drug concentration, polymer concentration and electrolyte concentration significantly affect the release rate of amoxicillin from the beads. The gellan macro beads may be suitable for gastro retentive controlled delivery of amoxicillin. PMID:19863487 2. Uptake of mercury by thiol-grafted chitosan gel beads. Science.gov (United States) Merrifield, John D; Davids, William G; MacRae, Jean D; Amirbahman, Aria 2004-07-01 This study describes the synthesis and characterization of thiol-grafted chitosan beads for use as mercury (Hg) adsorbents. Chitosan flakes were dissolved and formed into spherical beads using a phase inversion technique, then crosslinked to improve their porosity and chemical stability. Cysteine was grafted onto the beads in order to improve the adsorption affinity of Hg to the beads. The beads possessed an average diameter of 3.2 mm, porosity of 0.9, specific surface area of approximately 100 m2/g, average pore size of approximately 120 angstroms, and specific gravity of 2.0. Equilibrium and kinetic uptake experiments were conducted to study the uptake of Hg by the beads. The adsorption capacity was approximately 8.0 mmol-Hg/g-dry beads at pH 7, and decreased with decreasing pH. Hg adsorption kinetics was modeled as radial pore diffusion into a spherical bead with nonlinear adsorption. Use of the nonlinear Freundlich isotherm in the diffusion equation allowed modeling of the uptake kinetics with a single tortuosity factor of 1.5 +/- 0.3 as the fitting parameter for all initial Hg concentrations, chitosan loadings, and agitation rates. At agitation rates of 50 and 75 rpm, where uptake rate was reduced significantly due to the boundary layer effect, the mass transfer coefficient at the outside boundary was also used as a fitting parameter to model the kinetic data. At agitation rates higher than 150 rpm, pore diffusion was the rate-limiting step. The beads exhibited a high initial uptake rate followed by a slower uptake rate suggesting pore diffusion as the rate-determining step especially at high agitation rates. Higher uptake rates observed in this study compared to those in a previous study of chitosan-based crab shells indicate that dissolution and gel formation increase the porosity and pore accessibility of chitosan. 3. Patterning surface by site selective capture of biopolymer hydrogel beads. Science.gov (United States) Guyomard-Lack, Aurélie; Moreau, Céline; Delorme, Nicolas; Marquis, Mélanie; Fang, Aiping; Bardeau, Jean-François; Cathala, Bernard 2012-06-01 This communication describes the fabrication of microstructured biopolymer surfaces by the site-selective capture of pectin hydrogel beads. A positively charged surface consisting of poly-L-lysine (PLL) was subjected to site-selective enzymatic degradation using patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps covalently modified with trypsin, according to the recently described method. The patterned surface was used to capture ionically cross-linked pectin beads. The desired patterning of the hydrogel surfaces was generated by site-selective immobilization of these pectin beads. The ability of the hydrogels to be dried and swollen in water was assessed. 4. Towards a programmable magnetic bead microarray in a microfluidic channel DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Smistrup, Kristian; Bruus, Henrik; Hansen, Mikkel Fougt 2007-01-01 A new hybrid magnetic bead separator that combines an external magnetic field with 175@mm thick current lines buried in the back side of a silicon wafer is presented. A microfluidic channel was etched into the front side of the wafer. The large cross-section of the current lines makes it possible...... to use larger currents and obtain forces of longer range than from thin current lines at a given power limit. Guiding of magnetic beads in the hybrid magnetic separator and the construction of a programmable microarray of magnetic beads in the microfluidic channel by hydrodynamic focusing is presented.... 5. A High-Throughput SU-8Microfluidic Magnetic Bead Separator OpenAIRE Bu, Minqiang; Christensen, T. B.; Smistrup, Kristian; Wolff, Anders; Hansen, Mikkel Fougt 2007-01-01 We present a novel microfluidic magnetic bead separator based on SU-8 fabrication technique for high through-put applications. The experimental results show that magnetic beads can be captured at an efficiency of 91 % and 54 % at flow rates of 1 mL/min and 4 mL/min, respectively. Integration of soft magnetic elements in the chip leads to a slightly higher capturing efficiency and a more uniform distribution of captured beads over the separation chamber than the system without soft magnetic el... 6. Certolizumab Injection Science.gov (United States) ... and swelling and scales on the skin), active ankylosing spondylitis (a condition in which the body attacks the ... continues. When certolizumab injection is used to treat ankylosing spondylitis, it is usually given every 2 weeks for ... 7. Olanzapine Injection Science.gov (United States) ... of interest in life, and strong or inappropriate emotions). Olanzapine injection is used to treat episodes of ... this medication affects you.you should know that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this ... 8. Haloperidol Injection Science.gov (United States) ... of interest in life, and strong or inappropriate emotions). Haloperidol injection is also used to control motor ... this medication affects you.you should know that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this ... 9. Tigecycline Injection Science.gov (United States) ... in a person who was not in the hospital), skin infections, and infections of the abdomen (area between the ... that developed in people who were in a hospital or foot infections in people who have diabetes. Tigecycline injection is ... 10. Golimumab Injection Science.gov (United States) Golimumab injection is used alone or with other medications to relieve the symptoms of certain autoimmune disorders ( ... did not help or could not be tolerated. Golimumab is in a class of medications called tumor ... 11. Ferumoxytol Injection Science.gov (United States) Ferumoxytol injection is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia (a lower than normal number of red blood ... pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or ... 12. Aripiprazole Injection Science.gov (United States) ... mixed with water (Abilify Maintena) and as a suspension (liquid) (Aristada) to be injected into a muscle ... decisions, and react quickly. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this ... 13. Ertapenem Injection Science.gov (United States) Ertapenem injection is used to treat certain serious infections, including pneumonia and urinary tract, skin, diabetic foot, ... for the prevention of infections following colorectal surgery. Ertapenem is in a class of medications called carbapenem ... 14. Testosterone Injection Science.gov (United States) Testosterone cypionate (Depo-Testosterone), testosterone enanthate (Delatestryl), testosterone undecanoate (Aveed), and testosterone pellet (Testopel) are forms of testosterone injection used to treat symptoms of low testosterone in men who have hypogonadism (a ... 15. Fludarabine Injection Science.gov (United States) ... also sometimes used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; cancer that begins in a type of white ... this medication. You should not plan to have children while receiving fludarabine injection or for at least ... 16. Ramucirumab Injection Science.gov (United States) ... dose of ramucirumab injection. Tell your doctor or nurse if you experience any of the following while you receive ramucirumab: uncontrollable shaking of a part of the body; back pain or spasms; chest pain and tightness; chills; flushing; ... 17. Basiliximab Injection Science.gov (United States) ... prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. ... Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about basiliximab injection.It is important for you to keep a written list of ... 18. Nafcillin Injection Science.gov (United States) ... injection is in a class of medications called penicillins. It works by killing bacteria.Antibiotics such as ... and pharmacist if you are allergic to nafcillin; penicillins; cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cefdinir, ... 19. Oxacillin Injection Science.gov (United States) ... injection is in a class of medications called penicillins. It works by killing bacteria.Antibiotics such as ... and pharmacist if you are allergic to oxacillin; penicillins; cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cefdinir, ... 20. Ampicillin Injection Science.gov (United States) ... injection is in a class of medications called penicillins. It works by killing bacteria.Antibiotics such as ... and pharmacist if you are allergic to ampicillin; penicillins; cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefazolin (Ancef, ... 1. Levofloxacin Injection Science.gov (United States) ... injection is used to treat infections such as pneumonia; chronic bronchitis; and sinus, urinary tract, kidney, prostate ( ... skin or eyes dark urine decreased urination seizures unusual bruising or bleeding joint or muscle pain Levofloxacin ... 2. Linezolid Injection Science.gov (United States) Linezolid injection is used to treat infections, including pneumonia, and infections of the skin and blood. Linezolid ... to 2 months or more after your treatment) unusual bleeding or bruising cough, chills, sore throat, and ... 3. Cefazolin Injection Science.gov (United States) ... joint, genital, blood, heart valve, respiratory tract (including pneumonia), biliary tract, and urinary tract infections. Cefazolin injection ... effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while using this medication.If you experience ... 4. Moxifloxacin Injection Science.gov (United States) ... appropriate for them to remain available as a therapeutic option.FDA is continuing to assess safety issues ... review has shown that fluoroquinolones when used systemically (i.e. tablets, capsules, and injectable) are associated with disabling ... 5. Gemcitabine Injection Science.gov (United States) ... with surgery. Gemcitabine is also used to treat cancer of the pancreas that has spread to other parts of the ... 4 weeks. When gemcitabine is used to treat cancer of pancreas it may be injected once every week. The ... 6. Fluconazole Injection Science.gov (United States) ... and fungal infections of the eye, prostate (a male reproductive organ), skin and nails. Fluconazole injection is ... Motrin, others) and naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan); oral contraceptives (birth control pills); oral medication for diabetes such ... 7. Insulin Injection Science.gov (United States) ... or buttocks. Do not inject insulin into muscles, scars, or moles. Use a different site for each ... you are using insulin.Alcohol may cause a decrease in blood sugar. Ask your doctor about the ... 8. Tesamorelin Injection Science.gov (United States) ... is colored, cloudy, contains particles, or if the expiration date on the bottle has passed.Never reuse ... swelling of the face or throat shortness of breath difficulty breathing fast heartbeat dizziness fainting Tesamorelin injection ... 9. Secukinumab Injection Science.gov (United States) ... secukinumab solution before injecting it. Check that the expiration date has not passed and that the liquid ... fever, sweats, or chills, muscle aches, shortness of breath, warm, red, or painful skin or sores on ... 10. Alirocumab Injection Science.gov (United States) ... further decrease the amount of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ('bad cholesterol') in the blood. Alirocumab injection is ... antibodies. It works by blocking the production of LDL cholesterol in the body to decrease the amount of ... 11. A two-channel detection method for autofluorescence correction and efficient on-bead screening of one-bead one-compound combinatorial libraries using the COPAS fluorescence activated bead sorting system International Nuclear Information System (INIS) One-bead one-compound combinatorial library beads exhibit varying levels of autofluorescence after solid phase combinatorial synthesis. Very often this causes significant problems for automated on-bead screening using TentaGel beads and fluorescently labeled target proteins. Herein, we present a method to overcome this limitation when fluorescence activated bead sorting is used as the screening method. We have equipped the COPAS bead sorting instrument with a high-speed profiling unit and developed a spectral autofluorescence correction method. The correction method is based on a simple algebraic operation using the fluorescence data from two detection channels and is applied on-the-fly in order to reliably identify hit beads by COPAS bead sorting. Our method provides a practical tool for the fast and efficient isolation of hit beads from one-bead one-compound library screens using either fluorescently labeled target proteins or biotinylated target proteins. This method makes hit bead identification easier and more reliable. It reduces false positives and eliminates the need for time-consuming pre-sorting of library beads in order to remove autofluorescent beads. (technical note) 12. Bead-releasing agents used in the preparation of solid samples as beads for WD-XRF measurement OpenAIRE Gazulla Barreda, María Fernanda; Barba Juan, Antonio; Orduña, Mónica; Rodrigo, Marta 2008-01-01 A study has been undertaken of bead-releasing agents that are widely used in preparing solid samples as fused beads for wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF)spectrometry measurement. The following bead-releasing agents were studied: NaI, LiBr, NH4I, and LiI. Each was incorporated in different quantities, as a solid and/or in an aqueous solution, together with a flux, into samples of ceramic raw materials. Release agent interference in the WD-XRF measurement was analyse... 13. Polymer-Coated Graphene Aerogel Beads and Supercapacitor Application. Science.gov (United States) Ouyang, An; Cao, Anyuan; Hu, Song; Li, Yanhui; Xu, Ruiqiao; Wei, Jinquan; Zhu, Hongwei; Wu, Dehai 2016-05-01 Graphene aerogels are highly porous materials with many energy and environmental applications; tailoring the structure and composition of pore walls within the aerogel is the key to those applications. Here, by freeze casting the graphene oxide sheets, we directly fabricated freestanding porous graphene beads containing radially oriented through channels from the sphere center to its surface. Furthermore, we introduced pseudopolymer to make reinforced, functional composite beads with a unique pore morphology. We showed that polymer layers can be coated smoothly on both sides of the pore walls, as well as on the junctions between adjacent pores, resulting in uniform polymer-graphene-polymer sandwiched structures (skeletons) throughout the bead. These composite beads significantly improved the electrochemical properties, with specific capacitances up to 669 F/g and good cyclic stability. Our results indicate that controlled fabrication of homogeneous hierarchical structures is a potential route toward high performance composite electrodes for various energy applications. 14. Guided self-assembly of magnetic beads for biomedical applications CERN Document Server Gusenbauer, Markus; Reichel, Franz; Exl, Lukas; Bance, Simon; Fischbacher, Johann; Özelt, Harald; Kovacs, Alexander; Brandl, Martin; Schrefl, Thomas 2013-01-01 Micromagnetic beads are widely used in biomedical applications for cell separation, drug delivery, and hypothermia cancer treatment. Here we propose to use self-organized magnetic bead structures which accumulate on fixed magnetic seeding points to isolate circulating tumor cells. The analysis of circulating tumor cells is an emerging tool for cancer biology research and clinical cancer management including the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. Microfluidic chips for isolating circulating tumor cells use either affinity, size or density capturing methods. We combine multiphysics simulation techniques to understand the microscopic behavior of magnetic beads interacting with Nickel accumulation points used in lab-on-chip technologies. Our proposed chip technology offers the possibility to combine affinity and size capturing with special antibody-coated bead arrangements using a magnetic gradient field created by Neodymium Iron Boron permanent magnets. The multiscale simulation environment combines ... 15. Guided self-assembly of magnetic beads for biomedical applications Science.gov (United States) Gusenbauer, Markus; Nguyen, Ha; Reichel, Franz; Exl, Lukas; Bance, Simon; Fischbacher, Johann; Özelt, Harald; Kovacs, Alexander; Brandl, Martin; Schrefl, Thomas 2014-02-01 Micromagnetic beads are widely used in biomedical applications for cell separation, drug delivery, and hyperthermia cancer treatment. Here we propose to use self-organized magnetic bead structures which accumulate on fixed magnetic seeding points to isolate circulating tumor cells. The analysis of circulating tumor cells is an emerging tool for cancer biology research and clinical cancer management including the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. Microfluidic chips for isolating circulating tumor cells use either affinity, size or density capturing methods. We combine multiphysics simulation techniques to understand the microscopic behavior of magnetic beads interacting with soft magnetic accumulation points used in lab-on-chip technologies. Our proposed chip technology offers the possibility to combine affinity and size capturing with special antibody-coated bead arrangements using a magnetic gradient field created by Neodymium Iron Boron permanent magnets. The multiscale simulation environment combines magnetic field computation, fluid dynamics and discrete particle dynamics. 16. Archaeological study of ostrich eggshell beads collected from SDG site Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WANG ChunXue; ZHANG Yue; GAO Xing; ZHANG XiaoLing; WANG HuiMin 2009-01-01 Ostrich eggshell beads and fragments collected from SDG site reflect primordial art and a kind of symbolic behavior of modern humans.Based on stratigraphic data and OSL dating,these ostrich eggshell beads are probably in Early Holocene (＜10 ka BP).Two different prehistoric manufacturing pathways are usually used in the manufacture of ostrich eggshell beads in Upper Paleolithic.According to statistic analysis of the characteristics of ostrich eggshell beads,Pathway 1 is identified from these collections.In pathway 1,blanks are drilled prior to being trimmed to rough discs.They exhibit great potential for the study of the origin of primordial art and the development of ancient cultures and provide important data for studying behavioral options adopted by hominids in SDG area.In addition,they bear important implications for the origin of modern humans in East Asia. 17. Polymer-Coated Graphene Aerogel Beads and Supercapacitor Application. Science.gov (United States) Ouyang, An; Cao, Anyuan; Hu, Song; Li, Yanhui; Xu, Ruiqiao; Wei, Jinquan; Zhu, Hongwei; Wu, Dehai 2016-05-01 Graphene aerogels are highly porous materials with many energy and environmental applications; tailoring the structure and composition of pore walls within the aerogel is the key to those applications. Here, by freeze casting the graphene oxide sheets, we directly fabricated freestanding porous graphene beads containing radially oriented through channels from the sphere center to its surface. Furthermore, we introduced pseudopolymer to make reinforced, functional composite beads with a unique pore morphology. We showed that polymer layers can be coated smoothly on both sides of the pore walls, as well as on the junctions between adjacent pores, resulting in uniform polymer-graphene-polymer sandwiched structures (skeletons) throughout the bead. These composite beads significantly improved the electrochemical properties, with specific capacitances up to 669 F/g and good cyclic stability. Our results indicate that controlled fabrication of homogeneous hierarchical structures is a potential route toward high performance composite electrodes for various energy applications. PMID:27058391 18. Configurational Statistics of Magnetic Bead Detection with Magnetoresistive Sensors DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Henriksen, Anders Dahl; Ley, Mikkel Wennemoes Hvitfeld; Flyvbjerg, Henrik; 2015-01-01 Magnetic biosensors detect magnetic beads that, mediated by a target, have bound to a functionalized area. This area is often larger than the area of the sensor. Both the sign and magnitude of the average magnetic field experienced by the sensor from a magnetic bead depends on the location of the...... is essential to sensor design. For illustration, we analyze three important published cases for which statistical fluctuations are dominant, significant, and insignificant, respectively.... 19. Ferrite bead effect on Class-D amplifier audio quality OpenAIRE Haddad, Kevin El; Mrad, Roberto; Morel, Florent; Pillonnet, Gael; Vollaire, Christian; Nagari, Angelo 2014-01-01 International audience This paper studies the effect of ferrite beads on the audio quality of Class-D audio amplifiers. This latter is a switch-ing circuit which creates high frequency harmonics. Generally, a filter is used at the amplifier output for the sake of electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC). So often, in integrated solutions, this filter contains ferrite beads which are magnetic components and present nonlinear behavior. Time domain measurements and their equivalence in frequency ... 20. Reversing adhesion with light: a general method for functionalized bead release from cells. Science.gov (United States) Goulet-Hanssens, Alexis; Magdesian, Margaret H; Lopez-Ayon, G Monserratt; Grutter, Peter; Barrett, Christopher J 2016-07-19 Coated beads retain great importance in the study of cell adhesion and intracellular communication; we present a generally applicable method permitting spatiotemporal control of bead adhesion from cells. Herein we demonstrate in vitro release of a poly-d-lysine (PDL) layer from anionic polystyrene beads, allowing complete bead release from rat cortical neurons post-adhesion. PMID:27165466 1. Physicochemical Characterization of Alginate Beads Containing Sugars and Biopolymers Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Tatiana Aguirre Calvo 2016-01-01 Full Text Available Alginate hydrogels are suitable for the encapsulation of a great variety of biomolecules. Several alternatives to the conventional alginate formulation are being studied for a broad range of biotechnological applications; among them the addition of sugars and biopolymers arises as a good and economic strategy. Sugars (trehalose and β-cyclodextrin, a cationic biopolymer (chitosan, an anionic biopolymer (pectin, and neutral gums (Arabic, guar, espina corona, and vinal gums provided different characteristics to the beads. Here we discuss the influence of beads composition on several physicochemical properties, such as size and shape, analyzed through digital image analysis besides both water content and activity. The results showed that the addition of a second biopolymer, β-CD, or trehalose provoked more compact beads, but the fact that they were compact not necessarily implies a concomitant increase in their circularity. Espina corona beads showed the highest circularity value, being useful for applications which require a controlled and high circularity, assuring quality control. Beads with trehalose showed lower water content than the rest of the system, followed by those containing galactomannans (espina corona, vinal, and guar gums, revealing polymer structure effects. A complete characterization of the beads was performed by FT-IR, assigning the characteristics bands to each individual component. 2. Preparation of Bio-beads and Their Atrazine Degradation Characteristics Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) BI Hai-tao; ZHANG Lan-ying; LIU Na; ZHU Bo-lin 2011-01-01 Screened atrazine-mineralizing bacterium-Pseudomonas W4 was embedded inside an improved PVAH3BO3 embedment matrix to make bio-beads to degrade atrazine. The atrazine degradation characteristics were studied. The preparation procedure of bio-beads was as follows: (1) preparing a mixture of 100, 12.5, 10, 1.5 and 1 g/L PVA, bentonite(Ca), activated carbon powder, sodium alginate and centrifuged Pseudomonas W4 bacterium, respectively; (2) the mixture was dropped into a gently stirred cross linker solution(pH=6.7) and cured at 10 ℃ for 24 h.The optimal atrazine degradation conditions by bio-beads were as follows: pH=7, the auxiliary carbon source was glucose, and the concentration of glucose was greater than 325 mg/L. The bio-beads demonstrated stronger tolerance ability than the free microorganism to the increase of PCBs, hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion. SEM images show the uniform distribution of the microorganism inside bio-beads and the porous cross-linked structure of bio-beads which provides excellent mass transfer capacity. 3. Serum albumin-alginate coated beads: mechanical properties and stability. Science.gov (United States) Edwards-Lévy, F; Lévy, M C 1999-11-01 According to a previously described method, alginate beads were prepared from a Na-alginate solution containing propylene glycol alginate (PGA) and human serum albumin (HSA). The solution was added dropwise to a CaCl2 solution. The beads were treated with NaOH, which started the formation of amide bonds between HSA and PGA at the periphery, giving a membrane. Batches of beads with increasingly thick membranes were prepared using growing concentrations of NaOH, and studied with a texture analyser. When raising NaOH concentration, the rupture strength progressively increased, and the resistance strength to a deformation of 50% of total height also increased before slightly decreasing for the highest NaOH concentration. Variations of bead elasticity were also observed. When the beads were prepared with saline reducing gelation time from 10 to 5 min, and reaction time from 15 to 5 min, mechanical properties varied more progressively with the NaOH concentration, while the results became more reproducible. A series of assays conducted with 0.01 M NaOH confirmed the importance of using a short gelation time, and saline rather than water. Stability assays were also performed. The results were compared to those of alginate-polylysine coated beads and showed the interest of the transacylation method. PMID:10535819 4. Ibritumomab Injection Science.gov (United States) ... have received ibritumomab injection.do not have any vaccinations without talking to your doctor.you should know ... cells) and myelodysplastic syndrome (condition in which blood cells do not ... online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) or by phone (1-800-332-1088). 5. Tositumomab Injection Science.gov (United States) ... have received tositumomab injection.do not have any vaccinations without talking to your doctor.you should know ... blood cells), myelodysplastic syndrome (condition in which blood cells do not ... online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) or by phone (1-800-332-1088). 6. Doxycycline Injection Science.gov (United States) ... call your doctor.plan to avoid unnecessary or prolonged exposure to sunlight and to wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Doxycycline injection may make your skin sensitive to sunlight.you should know that when doxycycline is used during pregnancy or in babies or children up to age ... 7. Adalimumab Injection Science.gov (United States) ... swelling and scales on the skin), chronic plaque psoriasis (a skin disease in which red, scaly patches form on some areas of the body). Adalimumab injection is in a class of medications called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. It works by blocking the action ... 8. Medroxyprogesterone Injection Science.gov (United States) ... injection when you are a teenager or young adult. Tell your doctor if you or anyone in your family has osteoporosis; if you have or have ever had any other bone disease or anorexia nervosa (an eating disorder); or if you drink a ... 9. Lanreotide Injection Science.gov (United States) Lanreotide injection is used to treat people with acromegaly (condition in which the body produces too much growth hormone, causing enlargement of the hands, feet, and facial features; joint pain; and other symptoms) who have not successfully, or cannot be treated ... 10. Paliperidone Injection Science.gov (United States) Invega® Trinza® ... Paliperidone extended-release injections (Invega® Sustenna, Invega® Trinza) are used to treat schizophrenia (a mental illness that causes disturbed or unusual thinking, loss of interest in life, and strong or ... 11. Fluorescent detection of C-reactive protein using polyamide beads Science.gov (United States) Jagadeesh, Shreesha; Chen, Lu; Aitchison, Stewart 2016-03-01 Bacterial infection causes Sepsis which is one of the leading cause of mortality in hospitals. This infection can be quantified from blood plasma using C - reactive protein (CRP). A quick diagnosis at the patient's location through Point-of- Care (POC) testing could give doctors the confidence to prescribe antibiotics. In this paper, the development and testing of a bead-based procedure for CRP quantification is described. The size of the beads enable them to be trapped in wells without the need for magnetic methods of immobilization. Large (1.5 mm diameter) Polyamide nylon beads were used as the substrate for capturing CRP from pure analyte samples. The beads captured CRP either directly through adsorption or indirectly by having specific capture antibodies on their surface. Both methods used fluorescent imaging techniques to quantify the protein. The amount of CRP needed to give a sufficient fluorescent signal through direct capture method was found suitable for identifying bacterial causes of infection. Similarly, viral infections could be quantified by the more sensitive indirect capture method. This bead-based assay can be potentially integrated as a disposable cartridge in a POC device due to its passive nature and the small quantities needed. 12. Controlled antiseptic release by alginate polymer films and beads. Science.gov (United States) Liakos, Ioannis; Rizzello, Loris; Bayer, Ilker S; Pompa, Pier Paolo; Cingolani, Roberto; Athanassiou, Athanassia 2013-01-30 Biodegradable polymeric materials based on blending aqueous dispersions of natural polymer sodium alginate (NaAlg) and povidone iodine (PVPI) complex, which allow controlled antiseptic release, are presented. The developed materials are either free standing NaAlg films or Ca(2+)-cross-linked alginate beads, which properly combined with PVPI demonstrate antibacterial and antifungal activity, suitable for therapeutic applications, such as wound dressing. Glycerol was used as the plasticizing agent. Film morphology was studied by optical and atomic force microscopy. It was found that PVPI complex forms well dispersed circular micro-domains within the NaAlg matrix. The beads were fabricated by drop-wise immersion of NaAlg/PVPI/glycerol solutions into aqueous calcium chloride solutions to form calcium alginate beads encapsulating PVPI solution (CaAlg/PVPI). Controlled release of PVPI was possible when the composite films and beads were brought into direct contact with water or with moist media. Bactericidal and fungicidal properties of the materials were tested against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungi. The results indicated very efficient antibacterial and antifungal activity within 48 h. Controlled release of PVPI into open wounds is highly desired in clinical applications to avoid toxic doses of iodine absorption by the wound. A wide variety of applications are envisioned such as external and internal wound dressings with controlled antiseptic release, hygienic and protective packaging films for medical devices, and polymer beads as water disinfectants. 13. Damped bead on a rotating circular hoop - a bifurcation zoo CERN Document Server Dutta, Shovan 2012-01-01 The evergreen problem of a bead on a rotating hoop shows a multitude of bifurcations when the bead moves with friction. This motion is studied for different values of the damping coefficient and rotational speeds of the hoop. Phase portraits and trajectories corresponding to all different modes of motion of the bead are presented. They illustrate the rich dynamics associated with this simple system. For some range of values of the damping coefficient and rotational speeds of the hoop, linear stability analysis of the equilibrium points is inadequate to classify their nature. A technique involving transformation of coordinates and order of magnitude arguments is presented to examine such cases. This may provide a general framework to investigate other complex systems. 14. Ex vivo mucoadhesion of different zinc-pectinate hydrogel beads. Science.gov (United States) Hagesaether, Ellen; Bye, Ragnar; Sande, S Arne 2008-01-22 The objective of this study was to investigate the mucoadhesive properties of pre-swelled hydrogel beads made of six types of pectin from three manufacturers. The types of pectin differed mainly in the degree of methoxylation and degree of amidation. Zinc ions were used as cross-linking agent. The mucoadhesive properties were tested on an inverted fresh porcine small intestine attached to a rotating cylinder. Beads made of pectin with a high degree of methoxylation (70%) showed superior mucoadhesive results compared to the other formulations, which could be correlated to the lower amount of zinc in this formulation, subsequently leading to a lower amount of cross-linking and higher mobility of the polymer chains of these beads. This study therefore also indicated the importance of doing mucoadhesive measurements on relevant formulations, and not basing the understanding solely on investigating polymer solutions. Samples from different manufacturers produced the same results. 15. Towards hybrid swimming microrobots: bacteria assisted propulsion of polystyrene beads. Science.gov (United States) Behkam, Bahareh; Sitti, Metin 2006-01-01 Compactness and efficiency of biomotors makes them superior to man-made actuators and a very attractive choice of actuation for micro/nanorobots. However, biomotors are difficult to work with due to complications associated with their isolation and reconstitution. To circumvent this problem, here we use flagellar motors inside the intact cell of S. marcescens bacteria. An array of bacteria is used as propeller for a 10 microm polystyrene (PS) bead. PS bead is tracked for several seconds and its displacements is compared with diffusion length of a 10 microm particle. It is shown that the bead moves with an average velocity of 17 microm/s. Orientation of adhesion of S. marcescens to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips and microscale PS fibers was also investigated. It is shown that for both substrates; only bacteria from farther behind the leading edge of the swarm adhere in end-on configuration. PMID:17946113 16. Towards hybrid swimming microrobots: bacteria assisted propulsion of polystyrene beads. Science.gov (United States) Behkam, Bahareh; Sitti, Metin 2006-01-01 Compactness and efficiency of biomotors makes them superior to man-made actuators and a very attractive choice of actuation for micro/nanorobots. However, biomotors are difficult to work with due to complications associated with their isolation and reconstitution. To circumvent this problem, here we use flagellar motors inside the intact cell of S. marcescens bacteria. An array of bacteria is used as propeller for a 10 microm polystyrene (PS) bead. PS bead is tracked for several seconds and its displacements is compared with diffusion length of a 10 microm particle. It is shown that the bead moves with an average velocity of 17 microm/s. Orientation of adhesion of S. marcescens to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips and microscale PS fibers was also investigated. It is shown that for both substrates; only bacteria from farther behind the leading edge of the swarm adhere in end-on configuration. 17. Interaction of peptide-bound beads with lipopolysaccharide and lipoproteins. Science.gov (United States) Suzuki, Masatsugu M; Matsumoto, Megumi; Omi, Hiroyuki; Kobayashi, Tomomi; Nakamura, Akio; Kishi, Hiroko; Kobayashi, Sei; Takagi, Takashi 2014-05-01 We previously reported the generation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding peptides by phage display and chemical modification. Among them, a dodecapeptide designated Li5-025 (K'YSSSISSIRAC'; K' and C' denote d-lysine and d-cysteine, respectively) showed a high binding affinity for LPS and was resistant to protease digestion (Suzuki et al., 2010). In the current study, Li5-025-bound silica beads, hereafter referred to as P-beads, were generated and found to be devoid of LPS-neutralizing activity. Thus, LPS bound to the P-beads could be directly used in the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. P-beads bound LPS dissolved in solutions of ethanol, pH4, pH10, and 0.5M NaCl and LPS bound to the P-beads was quantitatively assayed. The sensitivity of this assay was observed to be approximately 0.1pg/mL LPS. P-beads bound LPS dissolved in antithrombin III (AT III) solution which is a strong inhibitor of activated factors C and B as well as the clotting enzyme in the LAL assay; the inhibitory effect of AT III was completely reversed upon washing the P-beads with 25% acetonitrile. This was employed as the first step for the detection of free LPS in plasma using the LAL assay. LPS added to human plasma at 0°C followed by application to the P-beads and subsequent washing with 25% acetonitrile resulted in low LPS activity as detected by the LAL assay. However, further washing of the P-beads with 0.1% Triton X100 in 25% acetonitrile resulted in high LPS activity. This is the first instance of quantitative detection of free LPS in plasma using the LAL assay, and the sensitivity of this method was observed to be 1pg/mL of LPS. The proteins eluted in the 0.1% Triton X-100 wash were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two protein bands of 28kDa and 18kDa were predominantly observed. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the 28kDa and 18kDa bands corresponded to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II), respectively. Apo 18. Preparation of novel silica-coated alginate gel beads for efficient encapsulation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. Science.gov (United States) Xu, Song-Wei; Lu, Yang; Li, Jian; Zhang, Yu-Fei; Jiang, Zhong-Yi 2007-01-01 Biomimetic formation has undoubtedly inspired the preparation of novel organic-inorganic hybrid composites. In this study, silica-coated alginate gel beads were prepared by coating the surface of alginate gel beads with silica film derived from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). The composition and structure of the silica film were characterized by FT-IR and SEM equipped with EDX. The swelling behavior of silica-coated alginate gel beads was studied to be more stable against swelling than that of alginate gel beads. The results showed that silica-coated alginate gel beads exhibited appropriate diffusion property. The effective diffusion coefficient (D(e)) of NADH in silica-coated alginate beads was 1.76 x 10(-10) m2/s, while the effective diffusion coefficient in alginate beads was 1.84 x 10(-10) m2/s. The model enzyme yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) was encapsulated in silica-coated alginate and pure alginate beads, respectively. Enzyme leakage of YADH in alginate gel beads was determined to be 32%, while the enzyme leakage in silica-coated alginate gel beads was as low as 11%. Furthermore, the relative activity of YADH in alginate gel beads decreased almost to zero after 10 recycles, while the relative activity of YADH in silica-coated alginate gel beads was 81.3%. The recycling stability of YADH in silica-coated alginate gel beads was found to be increased significantly mainly due to the effective inhibition of enzyme leakage by compact silica film. 19. Collection Development: From Beads to Bangles (Jewelry Making) Science.gov (United States) Hanrahan, Katie 2010-01-01 Jewelry making began exploding as a hobby about ten years ago, largely because the flush economy gave individuals more leisure time and disposable income. Jewelry classes, bead stores, and special events have multiplied like craft shows at Christmas time. While the recent economic downturn has slowed the growth of the hobby, it is still as popular… 20. Monosize magnetic hydrophobic beads for lysozyme purification under magnetic field International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Monosize and magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-tryptophan) [mPGMATrp] beads (1.6 μm in diameter) were used for hydrophobic affinity capture of lysozyme from chicken egg-white. N-methacryloyl-(L)-tryptophan (MATrp), which gives hydrophobicity to the resulting polymer, was synthesized by reacting methacryloyl chloride and L-tryptophan methyl ester then characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). mPGMATrp beads were produced by dispersion polymerization in the presence of magnetite nano-powder. mPGMATrp beads were characterized by means of swelling studies, elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Lysozyme adsorption experiments were performed under different experimental conditions (i.e., lysozyme concentration, temperature, and ionic strength) in magnetically stabilized fluidized bed system, (MSFB). Maximum adsorption capacity was 263.9 mg/g. It was observed that mPGMATrp beads can be used without significant loss in lysozyme adsorption capacity after 25 adsorption-elution cycle. 1. Preparation and thermal properties of chitosan/bentonite composite beads Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Teofilović Vesna 2014-01-01 Full Text Available Due to their biodegradable and nontoxic nature, biopolymer composites are often used as remarkable adsorbents in treatment of wastewater. In this study chitosan/bentonite composite beads were obtained by addition of clay into the polymer using solution process. Before the composite preparation, bentonite was modified with surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB. The morphology of beads was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM. Thermal properties of the composite beads were studied by simultaneous thermogravimetry coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (SDT and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC. TG results showed that the complex decomposition mechanism of the composites depends on the preparation procedure. It was observed that the concentration of NaOH used for composites precipitation affects the final structure of beads. The influence of preparation procedure on the glass transition temperature Tg of chitosan/bentonite samples was not found (Tg values for all samples were about 144 °C. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III45022 and ON172014 and Provincial Secretariat of Vojvodina for Science and Technological Development 114-451-2396/2011-01. 2. Manipulation of superparamagnetic beads using on-chip current lines placed on a ferrite magnet Science.gov (United States) Wang, Z. H.; Lew, W. S.; Bland, J. A. C. 2006-04-01 Manipulation of superparamagnetic beads in a static solution is demonstrated using on-chip current striplines placed on a ferrite magnet. The ferrite magnet fits the requirement to enhance the bead's magnetic moment while still keeping beads randomly dispersed in the liquid, so allowing easy and selective manipulation of single beads. By applying currents up to hundreds of milliampere, the tapered stripline first attracts the beads to its edge, then the magnetic force along the edge drives the trapped beads moving continuously towards the chip center. On arriving into the chip central area (a square zone which acts as a site to collect the arriving beads), fine manipulation of selected single beads is further performed by switching on/off and/or tuning the current passing through the nearby quadruple striplines. We suggest that the present system may provide a simple but effective platform for handling magnetic tags for biological and biomedical applications. 3. Optical tweezers and manipulation of PMMA beads in various conditions Science.gov (United States) Kotsifaki, D. G.; Makropoulou, M.; Serafetinides, A. A. 2009-07-01 Laser optical trapping and micromanipulation of microparticles or cells and subcellular structures have gained remarkable interest in biomedical research and applications. Several laser sources are employed for the combination of a laser scalpel with an optical tweezers device, under microscopic control. However, although the principles and the mechanisms of pulsed laser ablation have been well described for macroscopic interventions, the microbeam operation, under microscopic guidance, necessitates further experiments and investigations. We present experimental results of controlled micro-ablation of PMMA beads of 3-8 μm diameters, trapped by laser tweezers in various media e.g. solutes of different index of refraction. An optical tweezers system, based on a continuous wave He-Ne laser emitting at 632.8 nm, was tested on beads and, despite the low power of the He-Ne laser, the optical trap was stable. Another optical system, based on a cw Nd:YAG laser emitting at 1.06 μm, was tested on microspheres too. Successful beads ablation was carried out by irradiation with multiple, or even a single nitrogen laser pulse of 7 ns pulse duration at a wavelength of 337 nm. The ablative perforation of the microspheres was estimated by controlling the laser fluence. Moreover, shape deformations of PMMA microspheres were observed. The experimentally obtained results are theoretically explained via the spatial intensity distribution based on Mie light scattering theory. Furthermore, the appearance of laser ablation holes in the back side of microspheres is explained by the ablation triggered shock waves propagation. The role of the stretching forces action is also discussed. Additionally, we report experimental results on measuring the optical trap force of PMMA beads. A powerful optical tweezers system based on a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser was used in order to estimate the trapping efficiency for several beads diameter. 4. Novel chitosan goethite bionanocomposite beads for arsenic remediation. Science.gov (United States) He, Jing; Bardelli, Fabrizio; Gehin, Antoine; Silvester, Ewen; Charlet, Laurent 2016-09-15 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. CGB beads remove both As(III) and As(V) efficiently from water, over the pH range 5-9, negating the need for pre-oxidation of As(III). Kinetic studies and μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections show that diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads is faster than for As(III). Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. PMID:27240296 5. A mathematical model for the formation of beaded fibers in electrospinning Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Liu Zhi 2015-01-01 Full Text Available Beaded fibers are often observed in electrospinning. However, its formation mechanism is not well understood. A mathematical model for pulsation of the charged jets during spinning is proposed to reveal the phenomenon of beaded fibers, and the main factors for beaded fibers are elucidated. 6. Rheological Modeling with Hookean Bead-Spring Cubes (SC, BBC and FCC) NARCIS (Netherlands) Denneman, A.I.M.; Jongschaap, R.J.J.; Mellema, J. 1998-01-01 In this study a general bead-spring model is used for predicting some rheological properties of a cubic bead-spring structure of arbitrary size immersed in a Newtonian solvent. The topology of this bead-spring structure is based upon the well-known cubic crystals (SC, BCC or FCC) and it consists of 7. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in chromatography paper and its application to latex bead detection Science.gov (United States) Iwahara, Shohei; Miki, Masashi; Hori, Fumitaka; Uno, Shigeyasu 2014-01-01 The principle of the quantitative immunochromatographic strip test (IST) is proposed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is shown to be capable of detecting latex beads in chromatography paper, where latex beads can serve as a label in IST. Measurements to examine the impedance changes in the absence and presence of latex beads are conducted. In the presence of latex beads, an increase of 12.5% in the bulk solution resistance is observed. This indicates that the latex-bead-labeled antigen-antibody complex can be detected electrochemically by actual IST. 8. Antitumoral Effect of Sunitinib-eluting Beads in the Rabbit VX2 Tumor Model. Science.gov (United States) Bize, Pierre; Duran, Rafael; Fuchs, Katrin; Dormond, Olivier; Namur, Julien; Decosterd, Laurent A; Jordan, Olivier; Doelker, Eric; Denys, Alban 2016-08-01 Purpose To measure plasmatic sunitinib concentration (PSC) and intratumoral sunitinib concentration (ITSC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with two different sizes of sunitinib-eluting beads (SEBs) in rabbits with VX2 hepatic allografts and to investigate treatment effects on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) phosphorylation, tumor volume, and histopathologic changes. Materials and Methods The protocol was approved by the French Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments (Comité d'Ethique en Expérimentation Animale du Centre INRA de Jouy-en-Josas et AgroParisTech, or COMETHEA, approval no. 11/028). Two experiments were performed. In the first, seven animals received 0.05 mL of 100-300-μm SEBs (1.5 mg of sunitinib) in the hepatic artery, and six animals received saline injections. In the second, eight animals received 0.05 mL of 70-150-μm SEBs (1.5 mg of sunitinib), seven received 0.05 mL of 70-150-μm unloaded beads, and seven received oral sunitinib (6 mg every day). Tumor size was monitored with ultrasonography. PSC, ITSC, and phosphorylation of VEGFR2 were assessed on days 1 and 14. After the animals were sacrificed, histopathologic analysis was performed. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact test were used to look for statistically significant differences between groups. Results Maximum PSC after TACE with 100-300-μm SEBs was 0.002 μg/mL on day 1. ITSC was 17.8 μg/g on day 1 and 0.16 μg/g on day 14. After TACE with 70-150-μm SEBs, ITSC was 40.4 μg/g on day 1 and 27.4 μg/g on day 14. Phosphorylation of VEGFR2 was inhibited until day 14 after TACE with both sizes of SEBs. The size of VX2 tumors treated with 70-150-μm SEB TACE increased less (-2%) than that of tumors treated with unloaded beads (+42%) and oral sunitinib (6 mg every day; +1853%; P = .044). Conclusion SEB TACE resulted in minimal PSC, high ITSC, and sustained VEGFR2 phosphorylation inhibition until day 14. (©) RSNA 9. Improved Recovery of Exfoliated Colonocytes from Feces Using Newly Developed Immunomagnetic Beads Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Yoshikatsu Koga 2008-01-01 Full Text Available We demonstrated the feasibility of a new methodology for isolating colonocytes from feces. To reduce costs and improve the recovery rate of colonocytes from feces, we attempted to develop new immunomagnetic beads. Several sizes of magnetic beads were prepared and tagged with a monoclonal antibody against EpCAM. We made several new monoclonal antibodies against EpCAM, and each monoclonal antibody was tagged to the magnetic beads. In the simulation, the most efficient recovery of HT-29 cells was obtained using the smallest size of beads. Also, beads tagged with a monoclonal antibody with a higher affinity against EpCAM had a higher recovery rate. Similar results were obtained when the smallest size of beads with the highest-affinity monoclonal antibody was applied to clinical samples. The newly developed immunomagnetic beads may be useful for isolating colorectal cancer cells from feces, enabling the cytological or molecular biological diagnosis of CRC. 10. A planar conducting microstructure to guide and confine magnetic beads to a sensing zone KAUST Repository Gooneratne, Chinthaka Pasan 2011-08-01 A novel planar conducting microstructure is proposed to transport and confine magnetic micro/nano beads to a sensing zone. Manipulation and concentration of magnetic beads are achieved by employing square-shaped conducting micro-loops, with a few hundred nano-meters in thickness, arranged in a unique fashion. These microstructures are designed to produce high magnetic field gradients which are directly proportional to the force applied to manipulate the magnetic beads. Furthermore, the size of the microstructures allows greater maneuverability and control of magnetic beads than what could be achieved by permanent magnets. The aim of the microstructures is to guide magnetic beads from a large area and confine them to a smaller area where for example quantification would take place. Experiments were performed with different concentrations of 2 μm diameter magnetic beads. Experimental results showed that magnetic beads could be successfully guided and confined to the sensing zone. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 11. An Abiotic Glass-Bead Collector Exhibiting Active Transport Science.gov (United States) Goto, Youhei; Kanda, Masato; Yamamoto, Daigo; Shioi, Akihisa 2015-09-01 Animals relocate objects as needed by active motion. Active transport is ubiquitous in living organisms but has been difficult to realize in abiotic systems. Here we show that a self-propelled droplet can gather scattered beads toward one place on a floor and sweep it clean. This is a biomimetic active transport with loadings and unloadings, because the transport was performed by a carrier and the motion of the carrier was maintained by the energy of the chemical reaction. The oil droplet produced fluctuation of the local number density of the beads on the floor, followed by its autocatalytic growth. This mechanism may inspire the technologies based on active transport wherein chemical and physical substances migrate as in living organisms. 12. Methodological Study of Cell Separation with Domestic Immunomagnetic Beads Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 2000-01-01 To establish the method of cell separation with domestic immuomagnetic beads, three methods were investigated. Direct method, SPA method and Biotin-Avidin method were applied to separate cell strain Hut-78 and CD4 positive cells. Separation rate of strain Hut-78 was more than 90 % in direct method. Detachment rate with papain was over 95 %. Cell activity was well retained. SPA method and Biotin-Avidin methods were also effective, but the direct method was superior to the other two techniques. Before separated by the direct method, CD4 positive cells constituted 46.4 %±6.4 % of mononuclear cells (MNC), but in eliminated suspension there was only 6.2 %±2.3 % CD4 positive cells left. In the separated part, 80.6 %±7.2 % of the cells combined with the beads. It is concluded that the direct method in separating cells had high sensitivity and specificity. 13. Selective manipulation of superparamagnetic beads by a magnetic microchip KAUST Repository Gooneratne, Chinthaka Pasan 2013-07-01 In this paper, a magnetic microchip (MMC) is presented, to first trap and then selectively manipulate individual, superparamagnetic beads (SPBs) to another trapping site. Trapping sites are realized through soft magnetic micro disks made of Ni80Fe20, and SPB motion is controlled by current-carrying, tapered, conducting lines made of Au. The MMC was realized using standard microfabrication techniques and provides a cheap and versatile platform for microfluidic systems for cell manipulation. © 2013 IEEE. 14. HOM identification by bead pulling in the Brookhaven ERL cavity CERN Document Server Hahn, H; Jain, Puneet; Johnson, Elliott C; Xu, Wencan 2014-01-01 Exploratory measurements of the Brookhaven Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) cavity at superconducting temperature produced a long list of high order modes (HOMs). The niobium 5-cell cavity is terminated at each end with HOM ferrite dampers that successfully reduce the Q-factors to levels required to avoid beam break up (BBU) instabilities. However, a number of un-damped resonances with Q≥106 were found at 4 K and their mode identification forms the focus of this paper. The approach taken here consists of bead pulling on a copper (Cu) replica of the ERL cavity with dampers involving various network analyzer measurements. Several different S21 transmission measurements are used, including those taken from the fundamental input coupler to the pick-up probe across the cavity, others between beam-position monitor probes in the beam tubes, and also between probes placed into the cells. The bead pull technique suitable for HOM identification with a metallic needle or dielectric bead is detailed. This paper presents the... 15. Chitosan and chemically modified chitosan beads for acid dyes sorption Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) AZLAN Kamari; WAN SAIME Wan Ngah; LAI KEN Liew 2009-01-01 The capabilities of chitosan and chitosan-EGDE (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) beads for removing Acid Red 37 (AR 37) and Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) from aqueous solution were examined. Chitosan beads were cross-linked with EGDE to enhance its chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Experiments were performed as a function of pH, agitation period and concentration of AR 37 and AB 25. It was shown that the adsorption capacities of chitosan were comparatively higher than chitosan-EGDE for both acid dyes. This is mainly because cross-linking using EGDE reduces the major adsorption sites -NH3+ on chitosan. Langmuir isotherm model showed best conformity compared to Freundlich and BET. The kinetic experimental data agreed very well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The desorption study revealed that after three cycles of adsorption and desorption by NaOH and HCl, both adsorbents retained their promising adsorption abilities. FT-IR analysis proved that the adsorption of acid dyes onto chitosan-based adsorbents was a physical adsorption. Results also showed that chitosan and chitosan-EGDE beads were favourable adsorbers and could be employed as low-cost alternatives for the removal of acid dyes in wastewater treatment. 16. Preparation of Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked Chitosan Beads Under Microwave Irradiation and Properties of Urease Immobilized onto the Beads Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) LIANG Zupei; FENG Yaqing; MENG Shuxian; ZHANG Weihong 2005-01-01 The glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan beads were prepared under microwave irradiation and urease was immobilized onto the beads. The activity and the yield of enzyme activity of the immobilized urease were 10.83 U/g carrier and 47.7%, respectively. The optimum conditions of immobilization were 1% of glutaraldehyde volume fraction, 10 mg/g of urease/beads weight ratio, 24 h of the processing time and pH 6.5 of the reaction medium for immobilization. The properties of the immobilized urease were investigated and compared with those of the free enzyme. The optimum pH values were 6.5 and 7.0 for the immobilized and free urease, respectively. The optimum temperature was 60 ℃ for the free urease, while it shifted to 65 ℃ for the immobilized enzyme. The Michaelis constant K m was 9.1 mmol/L for the immobilized and 12.5 mmol/L for the free urease. The immobilized urease retained 40% of its initial enzyme activity even after 10 repeated uses. The immobilized urease stored at 4 ℃ retained 46% of its initial activity even after 35 d. 17. Penicillin G Procaine Injection Science.gov (United States) Penicillin G procaine injection is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria. Penicillin G procaine injection should not be used to treat ... in the treatment of certain serious infections. Penicillin G procaine injection is in a class of medications ... 18. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/cashew gum beads loaded with Lippia sidoides essential oil Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Paula, Haroldo C.B., E-mail: hpaula@ufc.br [Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza-CE (Brazil); Sombra, Fernanda Matoso; Cavalcante, Rafaela de Freitas; Abreu, Flavia O.M.S. [Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza-CE (Brazil); Paula, Regina C.M. de [Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza-CE (Brazil) 2011-03-12 Beads based on chitosan (CH) and cashew gum (CG), were prepared and loaded with an essential oil with larvicide activity (Lippia sidoides - Ls). CH and CH-CG beads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared and UV-VIS spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as, regarding their larvicide loading, swelling, in vitro and in vivo release kinetics. The oil encapsulation was evidenced by FTIR analysis and LS loading ranges from 2.4% to 4.4%. CH beads duly showed swelling degree (Q) values from 4.0 to 6.7, reaching equilibrium after 30 min, whereas crosslinked CH-CG beads showed lower swelling values, from 0.4 to 3.8, exhibiting a longer equilibrium time. Liquid transport parameters have revealed diffusion coefficient for CH-CG beads, as low as 2 x 10{sup -15} m{sup 2}/s. TGA and DSC revealed that CH:CG crosslinked beads are more thermally stable than CH beads. In vitro release follows a non-Fickian diffusion profile for both bead types, however, and a prolonged release being achieved only after beads crosslinking. In vivo release showed that both CH and CH-CG presented a prolonged larvicide effect. These aforesaid results, indicate that CH-CG beads loaded with LS are efficient for A. aegypti larval control. 19. Entrapment of cross-linked cellulase colloids in alginate beads for hydrolysis of cellulose. Science.gov (United States) Nguyen, Le Truc; Lau, Yun Song; Yang, Kun-Lin 2016-09-01 Entrapment of enzymes in calcium alginate beads is a popular enzyme immobilization method. However, leaching of immobilized enzymes from the alginate beads is a common problem because enzyme molecules are much smaller than the pore size of alginate beads (∼200nm). To address this issue, we employ a millifluidic reactor to prepare cross-linked cellulase aggregate (XCA) colloids with a uniform size (∼300nm). Subsequently, these colloids are immobilized in calcium alginate beads as biocatalysts to hydrolyze cellulose substrates. By using fluorescent microscopy, we conclude that the immobilized XCA colloids distribute uniformly inside the beads and do not leach out from the beads after long-term incubation. Meanwhile, the pore size of the alginate beads is big enough for the cellulose substrates and fibers to diffuse into the beads for hydrolysis. For example, palm oil fiber and microcrystalline cellulose can be hydrolyzed within 48h and release reducing sugar concentrations up to 2.48±0.08g/l and 4.99±0.09g/l, respectively. Moreover, after 10 cycles of hydrolysis, 96.4% of the XCA colloids remain inside the alginate beads and retain 67% of the original activity. In contrast, free cellulase immobilized in the alginate beads loses its activity completely after 10 cycles. The strategy can also be used to prepare other types of cross-linked enzyme aggregates with high uniformity. PMID:27318817 20. The effect of wax on compaction of microcrystalline cellulose beads made by extrusion and spheronization. Science.gov (United States) Iloañusi, N O; Schwartz, J B 1998-01-01 The effect of wax on the deformation behavior and compression characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-101) and acetaminophen (APAP) beads is described. Beads of Avicel PH-101 and APAP formulations were prepared using extrusion and spheronization technology. A waxy material, glyceryl behenate, N.F. (Compritol), was added to the formulations in amounts ranging from 10% to 70% of total solid weight. Beads with a selected particle size range of 16-30 mesh were compressed with an instrumented single punch Manesty F press utilizing a 7/16-in. flat-faced tooling set. Compaction profiles were generated for the tablets to evaluate the effect of wax on the densification of beads containing wax. Beads made without wax (the control formulation) required greater compression forces to form cohesive tablets. As the amount of wax in the bead formulation was increased, the beads become more plastic and compressible. The Heckel equation which relates densification to compression pressure was used to evaluate the deformation mechanisms of the bead formulations. The analysis shows that as the level of wax in the bead formulation is increased, the yield pressure decreases, indicating that the beads densify by a plastic deformation mechanism. 1. FUZZY REGRESSION MODEL TO PREDICT THE BEAD GEOMETRY IN THE ROBOTIC WELDING PROCESS Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) B.S. Sung; I.S. Kim; Y. Xue; H.H. Kim; Y.H. Cha 2007-01-01 Recently, there has been a rapid development in computer technology, which has in turn led todevelop the fully robotic welding system using artificial intelligence (AI) technology. However, therobotic welding system has not been achieved due to difficulties of the mathematical model andsensor technologies. The possibilities of the fuzzy regression method to predict the bead geometry,such as bead width, bead height, bead penetration and bead area in the robotic GMA (gas metalarc) welding process is presented. The approach, a well-known method to deal with the problemswith a high degree of fuzziness, is used to build the relationship between four process variablesand the four quality characteristics, respectively. Using these models, the proper prediction of theprocess variables for obtaining the optimal bead geometry can be determined. 2. Modeling of welded bead profile for rapid prototyping by robotic MAG welding Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) CAO Yong; ZHU Sheng; WANG Tao; WANG Wanglong 2009-01-01 As a deposition technology, robotic metal active gas(MAG) welding has shown new promise for rapid prototyping (RP) of metallic parts. During the process of metal forming using robotic MAG welding, sectional profile of single-pass welded bead is critical to formed accuracy and quality of metal pans. In this paper, the experiments of single-pass welded bead for rapid prototyping using robotic MAG welding were carried out. The effect of some edge detectors on the cross-sectional edge of welded bead was discussed and curve fitting was applied using leat square fitting. Consequently, the mathematical model of welded bead profile was developed. The experimental results show that good shape could be obtained under suitable welding parameters. Canny operawr is suitable to edge detection of welded bead profile, and the mathematical model of welded bead profile developed is approximately parabola. 3. Non-destructive analysis of European cobalt blue glass trade beads International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chemical analyses were made of royal blue glass trade beads from two early 17th century, archaeological sites in southern Ontario, Canada and from a glass beadmaking house in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The results confirm that these beads were all mixed alkali - lime - silica glasses, coloured with Co and with opaque varients opacificed with Sn. The groupings by chemistry tend to segregate by bead shapes, so that oval beads group together and circular shaped beads group together. Although the 2 Canadian sites are about 190 km apart, they produced 2 different sets of oval beads of similar chemistry, possibly helping confirm the contemporaneity of the people at both sites. An As/Co atomic ratio of about two may fit with the possible source of Co as a cobalt-arsenide ore (of common name smaltite) from the Hartz Mountains of eastern Germany, a source not far from either Amsterdam or Venice, both well known glass beadmaking centres of the period. (author) 4. Separation and recovery of palladium from acidic waste using dithiodiglycol-amide encapsulated polymeric beads International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Palladium selective ligand, N,N,N',N'-tetra-(2-ethylhexyl)-dithiodiglycolamide (DTDGA), was encapsulated in polymeric composite beads under simple laboratory conditions. The composite beads were evaluated for separation and recovery of palladium from acidic aqueous waste. The beads showed maximum uptake of Pd at 3.0 M HCl. Pd sorption kinetics was found to be fast and, the kinetics data fits well in to the pseudo second-order equation model for the sorption of palladium ions onto the composite beads. Different sorption isotherm models were applied to the experimental data. Equilibrium data are represented well by the Langmuir isotherm equation, with a monolayer sorption capacity of 1.56 mg/g for the swollen beads. Batch extraction studies showed negligible uptake of Fe, Cr, Ni, and Pt, thus showing very high selectivity and extractability of the composite beads for palladium. (author) 5. Silver nanoparticle-alginate composite beads for point-of-use drinking water disinfection. Science.gov (United States) Lin, Shihong; Huang, Rixiang; Cheng, Yingwen; Liu, Jie; Lau, Boris L T; Wiesner, Mark R 2013-08-01 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-alginate composite beads were synthesized using three different approaches as filler materials of packed columns for simultaneous filtration-disinfection as an alternative portable water treatment process. The prepared composite beads were packed into a column through which Escherichia coli containing water was filtered to evaluate the disinfection efficacy. Excellent disinfection performance (no detectable viable colony) was achieved with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) as short as 1 min (the shortest tested) with the SGR (Simultaneous-Gelation-Reduction) and AR (Adsorption-Reduction) beads that were prepared using in situ reduction of Ag(+). Comparatively, the SGR beads released significantly less Ag(+)/AgNPs than the AR beads did within the same HRT. From the results of this study it was identified that SGR may be the best choice among all three different synthesis approaches in that the SGR beads can achieve satisfactory bactericidal performance with a relatively low material consumption rate. 6. Microscope-controlled glass bead blasting: a new technique Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Peter Kotschy 2011-01-01 Full Text Available Peter Kotschy1, Sascha Virnik2, Doris Christ3, Alexander Gaggl21Private Practice, Vienna, Austria; 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Hospital, Klagenfurt, Austria; 3Klagenfurt, AustriaObjective: The aim of periodontal therapy is the healing of periodontal inflammation; the protection of the attachment and the alveolar bone; and the regeneration of the periodontal structures. In the therapy of periodontitis, supra- and subgingival scaling and root planing plays a main role. The procedure described combines perfect root cleaning without scaling and root planing and minimal invasive periodontal surgery without a scalpel.Material and methods: Glass beads of 90 µm were used with the kinetic preparation unit PrepStart® under a pressure of 0.5–5 bar. This technique was practised only under visual control using the OPMI® PRO Magis microscope. Seven examinations were carried out at baseline after 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months.Results: Time shows a statistically significant influence on all of the considered target variables (P < 0.0001 for all. As the according estimate is negative, probing depth decreases over time. The major decrease seems to be during the first 6 months. Considering probing depth, plaque on the main effect root shows significant influence (again, P < 0.0001 for all. Observations with high probing depth at the beginning were faster than those with low probing depth. The same characteristic appears by attachment level. Patients with more loss of attachment show more gain.Conclusions: Using microscope-controlled glass bead blasting results in a perfectly clean root surface using visual control (magnification 20×. Microscope-controlled glass bead blasting is therefore a good alternative to periodontal surgery.Keywords: periodontal therapy, microscope, periodontitis 7. Synthesis and activation of Immobilized beads by natural dye extracts Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Singh Sanjay 2012-03-01 Full Text Available Immobilization technique is used for preservation of enzymes. Here we are using different colors of natural dye in this technique. Our major emphasis would be to create beads of different colors which will act as different carriers for essential enzymes. The need for using colorful dye is because when we need to preserve more than one enzyme then it is helpful in identification of that which enzyme is to be preserved and in which color. Here we used natural dye because most of the chemical dyes are carcinogenic in nature and may alter the nature of preserved enzyme. For this different plant products like mint leaf, rose petal, beat root and Carrot are used for the extraction of dye. In our research studies, we have identified, extracted, characterized, optimized and standardized the natural dyes from plant and microbial sources and we did a comparative study between natural dyes and artificial dyes with respect to different solvent systems like petroleum ether, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, ethanol and water systems. The extraction methodologies, characterization, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration, and solubility studies will be discussed. These immobilization studies will help us to use this application in a variety of fields like in wine stabilization, in modifying the shelf life of food and other natural products which degrade quickly and are difficult to preserve under natural conditions. Here sodium Alginate beads are being used so that there is good number of beads formation and that will help for the proper entrapment of the essential enzymes required for an important reaction in Bio-systems. 8. Butyl acetate synthesis using immobilized lipase in calcium alginate beads International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The esterification reaction of acetic acid and n-butanol using immobilized lipase encapsulated in calcium alginate beads (Lipase - CAB) and in chitosan coated calcium alginate beads (Lipase-CCAB) in n-hexane under mild reaction conditions were studied. Effects of temperature and substrate concentration (acetic acid and n-butanol) using Lipase - CAB, Lipase - CCAB and free lipase on the esterification reaction and their thermal stability towards esterification reaction were investigated. Results of temperature studies showed that the butyl acetate conversion increased with increase of temperature and reached the highest yield of about 70% around 50 degree Celsius for both immobilized systems but the yield of product catalyzed by free enzyme decreased as temperature was increased. Thermal stabilities studies showed that the Lipase-CCAB and Lipase-CAB were stable throughout the temperature range of 30-60 degree Celsius. However, free lipase became less stable at temperatures higher than 50 degree Celsius. The substrates, n-butanol and acetic acid exerted different effects on the esterification reaction and the reaction was favoured by higher acetic acid concentration than butanol. Kinetics parameters, Km and Vmax values for both substrates and the specific activities of the three enzyme system were also determined. The beads morphology was examined using SEM. Batch-wise operational stability studies for both immobilized systems demonstrated that the immobilized lipase performed better in the batch wise reactor system than the continuous bioreactor system and that the immobilized lipase remained active for at least 5 cycles of batch wise esterification reactions. (author) 9. Metallurgical investigation of wire breakage of tyre bead grade OpenAIRE Piyas Palit; Souvik Das; Jitendra Mathur 2015-01-01 Tyre bead grade wire is used for tyre making application. The wire is used as reinforcement inside the polymer of tyre. The wire is available in different size/section such as 1.6–0.80 mm thin Cu coated wire. During tyre making operation at tyre manufacturer company, wire failed frequently. In this present study, different broken/defective wire samples were collected from wire mill for detailed investigation of the defect. The natures of the defects were localized and similar in nature. The f... 10. Synthesis and activation of Immobilized beads by natural dye extracts OpenAIRE Singh Sanjay; Amod Kumar; SUNEETHA V; Bishwambhar Mishra; Gopinath R; Sharad Yadav; Bhaskar Mitra 2012-01-01 Immobilization technique is used for preservation of enzymes. Here we are using different colors of natural dye in this technique. Our major emphasis would be to create beads of different colors which will act as different carriers for essential enzymes. The need for using colorful dye is because when we need to preserve more than one enzyme then it is helpful in identification of that which enzyme is to be preserved and in which color. Here we used natural dye because most of the chemical dy... 11. Design and Evaluation of Stomach-Specific Drug Delivery of Domperidone using Floating Pectin Beads OpenAIRE K.Varun Kumar; P. Srikanth Choudary; Ajaykumar. B 2013-01-01 The objective of present study was to develop floating beads of Domperidone (DOM) in order to increase its residence time in the stomach without contact with the mucosa, improve patient compliance and obtain improved therapeutic efficacy. They are prepared by extrusion congealing technique with pectin as a polymer. Floating beads were characterized by polymer compatibility by using FT-IR. The prepared beads were evaluated for particle size, surface morphology, buoyancy, actual drug content, e... 12. Microfluidic immunomagnetic multi-target sorting--a model for controlling deflection of paramagnetic beads. Science.gov (United States) Tsai, Scott S H; Griffiths, Ian M; Stone, Howard A 2011-08-01 We describe a microfluidic system that uses a magnetic field to sort paramagnetic beads by deflecting them in the direction normal to the flow. In the experiments we systematically study the dependence of the beads' deflection on bead size and susceptibility, magnet strength, fluid speed and viscosity, and device geometry. We also develop a design parameter that can aid in the design of microfluidic devices for immunomagnetic multi-target sorting. PMID:21677937 13. Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes OpenAIRE Arp, C. D.; Whitman, M.S.; Jones, B M; G. Grosse; B. V. Gaglioti; Heim, K. C. 2015-01-01 Beaded streams are widespread in permafrost regions and are considered a common thermokarst landform. However, little is known about their distribution, how and under what conditions they form, and how their intriguing morphology translates to ecosystem functions and habitat. Here we report on a circum-Arctic survey of beaded streams and a watershed-scale analysis in northern Alaska using remote sensing and field studies. We mapped over 400 channel networks with beaded morph... 14. Immobilization of coacervate microcapsules in multilayer sodium alginate beads for efficient oral anticancer drug delivery. Science.gov (United States) Feng, Chao; Song, Ruixi; Sun, Guohui; Kong, Ming; Bao, Zixian; Li, Yang; Cheng, Xiaojie; Cha, Dongsu; Park, Hyunjin; Chen, Xiguang 2014-03-10 We have designed and evaluated coacervate microcapsules-immobilized multilayer sodium alginate beads (CMs-M-ALG-Beads) for oral drug delivery. The CMs-M-ALG-Beads were prepared by immobilization of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) loaded chitosan/carboxymethyl coacervate microcapsules (DOX:CS/CMCS-CMs) in the core and layers of the multilayer sodium alginate beads. The obtained CMs-M-ALG-beads exhibited layer-by-layer structure and rough surface with many nanoscale particles. The swelling characteristic and drug release results indicated that 4-layer CMs-M-ALG-Beads possessed favorable gastric acid tolerance (the swelling rate <5%, the cumulative drug release rate <3.8%). In small intestine, the intact DOX:CS/CMCS-CMs were able to rapidly release from CMs-M-ALG-Beads with the dissolution of ALG matrix. Ex vivo intestinal mucoadhesive and permeation showed that CMs-M-ALG-Beads exhibited continued growth for P(app) values of DOX, which was 1.07-1.15 folds and 1.28-1.38 folds higher than DOX:CS:CMCS-CMs in rat jejunum and ileum, respectively, demonstrating that CMs-M-ALG-Beads were able to enhance the absorption of DOX by controlled releasing DOX:CS/CMCS-CMs and prolonging the contact time between the DOX:CS/CMCS-CMs and small intestinal mucosa. 15. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON RETRO-REFLECTIVE COATED PAPER BASED ON MICRO-GLASS BEADS Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Yulong Wang; Chuanshan Zhao; Tao Zhang 2004-01-01 High-reflectivity micro-glass bead, as a kind of retro-reflective material, is widely used in reflective fabric or film and other reflective coatings. But it is rarely used in coated paper. The retro-reflective theory of micro-bead is described. Also the effect of size of micro-bead, dosage of binder and different color layers on reflective properties of coated paper are discussed in this article. The results show that its retro-reflective efficiency is good, equally to reflective fabric or film when the micro-glass bead is used in coated paper. 16. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON RETRO-REFLECTIVE COATED PAPER BASED ON MICRO-GLASS BEADS Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) YulongWang; ChuanshanZhao; TaoZhang 2004-01-01 High-reflectivity micro-glass bead, as a kind ofretro-reflective material, is widely used in reflectivefabric or film and other reflective coatings. But it israrely used in coated paper. The retro-reflectivetheory of micro-bead is described. Also the effect ofsize of micro-bead, dosage of binder and differentcolor layers on reflective properties of coated paperare discussed in this article. The results show that itsretro-reflective efficiency is good, equally toreflective fabric or film when the micro-glass bead isused in coated paper. 17. Motion Analysis Of An Object Onto Fine Plastic Beads Using High-Speed Camera Science.gov (United States) Sato, Minoru 2010-07-01 Fine spherical polystyrene beads (NaRiKa, D20-1406-01, industrial materials of styrene form) are useful for frictionless demonstrations of dynamics and kinematics. Sawamoto et al. have developed the method of demonstrations using the plastic beads onto a glass board. These fine beads (the average of the diameter is 280 μm and the standard deviation of the diameter is 56 μm) function as ball bearings to reduce the friction between a moving object, glass Petri dish, and the surface of the glass board. The beads that are charged stick onto the glass board by static electricity, and arrange themselves at intervals. The movement characteristic of a Petri dish that moves on the fine polystyrene beads that adhere onto the glass board is shown by video analysis using a USB camera and a high-speed camera (CASIO, EX-F1). The movement of the Petri dish on the fine polystyrene beads onto the glass board is good linearity, but the friction of the beads is not too small. The high-speed video showed that only a small number of beads behind the bottom of the Petri dish supported the Petri dish. The number of the beads that supported the Petri dish that caused the friction is about 0.14. 18. Preparation of uniform-sized agarose beads by microporous membrane emulsification technique. Science.gov (United States) Zhou, Qing-Zhu; Wang, Lian-Yan; Ma, Guang-Hui; Su, Zhi-Guo 2007-07-01 Uniform-sized agarose beads were prepared by membrane emulsification technique in this study. Agarose was dissolved in boiling water (containing 0.9% sodium chloride) and used as water phase. A mixture of liquid paraffin and petroleum ether containing 4 wt% of hexaglycerin penta ester (PO-500) emulsifier was used as oil phase. At 55 degrees C, the water phase permeated through uniform pores of microporous membrane into the oil phase by a pressure of nitrogen gas to form uniform W/O emulsion. Then the emulsion was cooled down to room temperature under gentle agitation to form gel beads. The effect of oil phase, emulsifier, especially temperature on the uniformity of the beads were investigated and interpreted from interfacial tension between water phase and oil phase. Under optimized condition, the coefficient variation (C.V.) showing the size distribution of the beads was under 15%. This was the first report to prepare uniform agarose beads by membrane emulsification, and to investigate the effect of temperature on the size distribution of the droplets and beads. The beads with different size can be prepared by using membranes with different pore size, and the result showed that there was a linear relationship between the average diameter of beads and pore size of the membranes; beads with diameter from 15 to 60 microm were able to obtain in this study. PMID:17362974 19. On-chip magnetic bead-based DNA melting curve analysis using a magnetoresistive sensor DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Rizzi, Giovanni; Østerberg, Frederik Westergaard; Henriksen, Anders Dahl; 2014-01-01 We present real-time measurements of DNA melting curves in a chip-based system that detects the amount of surface-bound magnetic beads using magnetoresistive magnetic field sensors. The sensors detect the difference between the amount of beads bound to the top and bottom sensor branches of the di......We present real-time measurements of DNA melting curves in a chip-based system that detects the amount of surface-bound magnetic beads using magnetoresistive magnetic field sensors. The sensors detect the difference between the amount of beads bound to the top and bottom sensor branches... 20. In vitro characteristics of liposomes and double liposomes prepared using a novel glass beads method. Science.gov (United States) Yamabe, Kenji; Kato, Yoshinori; Onishi, Hiraku; Machida, Yoshiharu 2003-06-01 A novel preparative method for liposomes and double liposomes (DL) using glass beads was superior to a glass-filter method developed previously. Lipid dissolved in chloroform was poured into a kjeldahl flask with glass beads (BZ-04, 0.350-0.500 mm phi; BZ-3, 2.794-3.962 mm phi; or BZ-6, 5.613-6.680 mm phi), and the organic solvent was evaporated. The lipid layer that formed on the glass beads was hydrated with 1.5 ml of the suspension of inner liposomes at a temperature above the phase transition temperature of the lipids employed, and was agitated vigorously. Erythrosine (ER) was used as a model drug. The size of liposomes prepared by the glass beads method depended on the size of the glass beads. The size of the liposomes became smaller as glass beads with a smaller size were used. A high encapsulation efficiency was observed when glass bead blends consisting of two different sizes were used. Large sizes (BZ-3/BZ-6) had a tendency to show high encapsulation efficiency and size also played an important role in the formation of liposomes. DL formation inhibited the release of ER and DL formative efficiency was markedly improved by means of the glass beads method. These findings suggested that the glass beads method developed in this study conferred a high drug loading and a high DL formation on liposomes compared with ordinary methods. 1. Study of synthesis and characterization of curcumin-polyacrylonitrile composite beads for extraction of uranium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Curcumin is a yellow coloured compound present in turmeric and accounts for only about 3 to 5 % of its total constituents. Curcumin is an important molecule known for its medicinal and several other usages. It also forms complex with uranyl ions. Curcumin-loaded microporous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) beads were synthesized for extraction of uranium from aqueous waste. PAN was synthesized by radiation induced polymerization of acrylonitrile monomer in aqueous medium. The synthesized PAN was used to make the microporous PAN-Curcumin composite beads. The synthesized beads were evaluated, for their ability to extract uranium from aqueous solution at different temperatures and pH values. The kinetics measurement showed that about 100 minutes of equilibration time was enough to extract saturation amount of uranium from aqueous solution. The polymeric beads exhibited optimum extraction at room temperature and at neutral or near neutral pH conditions. The uranyl ion uptake capacity of the polymeric beads was found to be significant, and it depends upon the loading of curcumin in the beads. The loaded uranium could also be leached out from the beads, by treating with dilute acids. Further, the presence of uranium in the loaded beads was ascertained by FT-IR spectroscopy, while surface morphology of the beads was characterized by SEM technique. (author) 2. Magnetic bead counter using a micro-Hall sensor for biological applications Science.gov (United States) Lee, Wonhyun; Joo, Sungjung; Kim, Sun Ung; Rhie, Kungwon; Hong, Jinki; Shin, Kyung-Ho; Kim, Ki Hyun 2009-04-01 Micro-Hall sensors have been fabricated, and various numbers of micron-size magnetic beads have been placed within the sensor area. The Hall resistances measured at room temperature are found to be proportional to the number of the beads, and are in good agreement with the numerically simulated results presented in this study. Our sensors are designed to measure the number of beads between zero and full-scale signals for a given number range of interest. The effects of miniaturizing the beads and sensors to nanoscale are also discussed. 3. On-chip measurements of Brownian relaxation vs. concentration of 40nm magnetic beads DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Østerberg, Frederik Westergaard; Rizzi, Giovanni; Hansen, Mikkel Fougt 2012-01-01 We present on-chip Brownian relaxation measurements on a logarithmic dilution series of 40 nm beads dispersed in water with bead concentrations between 16 mu g/ml and 4000 mu g/ml. The measurements are performed using a planar Hall effect bridge sensor at frequencies up to 1 MHz. No external fields...... are needed as the beads are magnetized by the field generated by the applied sensor bias current. We show that the Brownian relaxation frequency can be extracted from fitting the Cole-Cole model to measurements for bead concentrations of 64 mu g/ml or higher and that the measured dynamic magnetic response... 4. Magnetic bead counter using a micro-Hall sensor for biological applications Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lee, W.; Kim, K.; Joo, S.; Kim, S.U.; Rhie, K.; Hong, J.; Shin, K-H.; and Kim, K.H. 2009-04-13 Micro-Hall sensors have been fabricated, and various numbers of micron-size magnetic beads have been placed within the sensor area. The Hall resistances measured at room temperature are found to be proportional to the number of the beads, and are in good agreement with the numerically simulated results presented in this study. Our sensors are designed to measure the number of beads between zero and full-scale signals for a given number range of interest. The effects of miniaturizing the beads and sensors to nanoscale are also discussed. 5. Improving the controlled delivery formulations of caffeine in alginate hydrogel beads combined with pectin, carrageenan, chitosan and psyllium. Science.gov (United States) Belščak-Cvitanović, Ana; Komes, Draženka; Karlović, Sven; Djaković, Senka; Spoljarić, Igor; Mršić, Gordan; Ježek, Damir 2015-01-15 Alginate-based blends consisting of carrageenan, pectin, chitosan or psyllium husk powder were prepared for assessment of the best formulation aimed at encapsulation of caffeine. Alginate-pectin blend exhibited the lowest viscosity and provided the smallest beads. Alginate-psyllium husk blend was characterised with higher viscosity, yielding the largest bead size and the highest caffeine encapsulation efficiency (83.6%). The release kinetics of caffeine indicated that the porosity of alginate hydrogel was not reduced sufficiently to retard the diffusion of caffeine from the beads. Chitosan coated alginate beads provided the most retarded release of caffeine in water. Morphological characteristics of beads encapsulating caffeine were adversely affected by freeze drying. Bitterness intensity of caffeine-containing beads in water was the lowest for alginate-psyllium beads and chitosan coated alginate beads. Higher sodium alginate concentration (3%) for production of hydrogel beads in combination with psyllium or chitosan coating would present the most favourable carrier systems for immobilization of caffeine. 6. Compatibility of an Ultraselective Microcatheter and Epirubicin Loaded 300–500-μm DC Bead in Ex Vivo Study Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Fukuoka, Yasushi, E-mail: miyano.y.fukuoka@gmail.com; Tanaka, Toshihiro, E-mail: toshihir@bf6.so-net.ne.jp; Nishiofuku, Hideyuki, E-mail: nishiofukuhideyuki@yahoo.co.jp; Sato, Takeshi, E-mail: satotake@naramed-u.ac.jp; Kichikawa, Kimihiko, E-mail: kkichika@naramed-u.ac.jp [Nara Medical University, Department of Radiology and IVR Center (Japan) 2015-10-15 PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether epirubicin loaded DC Bead 300–500 μm in size can pass through a 1.8-Fr ultraselective microcatheter in ex vivo study.MethodsEpirubicin (25 mg/1 mL) loaded 100–300 and 300–500 μm DC Bead were tested. Both sizes were diluted 5, 10, and 30 times using contrast material. Ultraselective microcatheter with the outer diameter of 1.8 Fr and the inner diameter of .017 inch (431.8 μm) was used. The diluted DC Bead was injected at a speed of 1 mL/min, and the pressure was continuously measured. The microspheres’ shapes after ejection were observed by a stereomicroscope.ResultsThe maximum pressure of contrast material alone was 8.40 ± 0.21 psi. The maximum pressure in 5, 10, and 30 times dilution groups of 100–300 μm were 9.67 ± 1.18, 9.25 ± 0.25, and 9.71 ± 0.28 psi, respectively, whereas 21.10 ± 10.2, 10.48 ± 2.14, 10.09 ± 0.37 psi, respectively in 300–500 μm groups. The maximum pressure in 5 times dilution group of 300–500 μm was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). In 300–500 μm, 4 of 10 measurements showed high pressure over 24 psi (the maximum value was 43.5 psi) in 5 times dilution group, whereas in 10 times and 30 times dilution groups, all measurements showed less than 12 psi. No damages of microspheres were found.ConclusionsEpirubicin loaded DC Bead 300–500 μm in size can pass through a 1.8-Fr ultraselective microcatheter. To avoid high resistance due to microspheres’ aggregation, dilution more than 10 times is needed. 7. Compatibility of an Ultraselective Microcatheter and Epirubicin Loaded 300–500-μm DC Bead in Ex Vivo Study International Nuclear Information System (INIS) PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether epirubicin loaded DC Bead 300–500 μm in size can pass through a 1.8-Fr ultraselective microcatheter in ex vivo study.MethodsEpirubicin (25 mg/1 mL) loaded 100–300 and 300–500 μm DC Bead were tested. Both sizes were diluted 5, 10, and 30 times using contrast material. Ultraselective microcatheter with the outer diameter of 1.8 Fr and the inner diameter of .017 inch (431.8 μm) was used. The diluted DC Bead was injected at a speed of 1 mL/min, and the pressure was continuously measured. The microspheres’ shapes after ejection were observed by a stereomicroscope.ResultsThe maximum pressure of contrast material alone was 8.40 ± 0.21 psi. The maximum pressure in 5, 10, and 30 times dilution groups of 100–300 μm were 9.67 ± 1.18, 9.25 ± 0.25, and 9.71 ± 0.28 psi, respectively, whereas 21.10 ± 10.2, 10.48 ± 2.14, 10.09 ± 0.37 psi, respectively in 300–500 μm groups. The maximum pressure in 5 times dilution group of 300–500 μm was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). In 300–500 μm, 4 of 10 measurements showed high pressure over 24 psi (the maximum value was 43.5 psi) in 5 times dilution group, whereas in 10 times and 30 times dilution groups, all measurements showed less than 12 psi. No damages of microspheres were found.ConclusionsEpirubicin loaded DC Bead 300–500 μm in size can pass through a 1.8-Fr ultraselective microcatheter. To avoid high resistance due to microspheres’ aggregation, dilution more than 10 times is needed 8. A Porous Simulation Experiment of Protozoa Movement with Glass Bead Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) LIU Hai-ming; ZHAO Xiao-rong; LI Gui-tong; LIN Qi-mei 2003-01-01 Protozoa can move due to their flagella, cilia or pseudopodia, and play an important role in the transformation and cycling of matter and energy in ecosystems. In this study, the glass beads with the diameters of 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1 mm were used to simulate soil pores of 0. 292 - 0. 258, 0. 155 - 0.116, 0. 056- 0. 040 and 0. 028 - 0.020 mm respectively. Three typical soil protozoa of Bodo edax, Colpoda cucullus and Amoeba proteus were examined for the relation of their movement to pores. It was found that the smallest protozoan of Bodo edax could be leached through all the pores. However, no more than 26% of the added protozoan was leached out of the column. The leached protozoa were decreased with the pore sizes and leaching duration. The bigger one of Colpoda cucullus was moved out from the column filled with the glass beads of ＞0.5 mm in diameter. Less than about 15 % of the added protozoa were leached out of the column. The biggest one of Amoeba proteus could not leached out from any of the pores. It is evident that most of the protozoa remained in the column due to their occupation of the pores. 9. Simulation of Enzyme Catalysis in Calcium Alginate Beads Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Ameel M. R. Al-Mayah 2012-01-01 Full Text Available A general mathematical model for a fixed bed immobilized enzyme reactor was developed to simulate the process of diffusion and reaction inside the biocatalyst particle. The modeling and simulation of starch hydrolysis using immobilized α-amylase were used as a model for this study. Corn starch hydrolysis was carried out at a constant pH of 5.5 and temperature of . The substrate flow rate was ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 mL/min, substrate initial concentrations 1 to 100 g/L. α-amylase was immobilized on to calcium alginate hydrogel beads of 2 mm average diameter. In this work Michaelis-Menten kinetics have been considered. The effect of substrate flow rate (i.e., residence time and initial concentration on intraparticle diffusion have been taken into consideration. The performance of the system is found to be affected by the substrate flow rate and initial concentrations. The reaction is controlled by the reaction rate. The model equation was a nonlinear second order differential equation simulated based on the experimental data for steady state condition. The simulation was achieved numerically using FINITE ELEMENTS in MATLAB software package. The simulated results give satisfactory results for substrate and product concentration profiles within the biocatalyst bead. 10. Sequential injection chemiluminescence immunoassay for anionic surfactants using magnetic microbeads immobilized with an antibody. Science.gov (United States) Zhang, Ruiqi; Hirakawa, Koji; Seto, Daisuke; Soh, Nobuaki; Nakano, Koji; Masadome, Takashi; Nagata, Kazumi; Sakamoto, Kazuhira; Imato, Toshihiko 2005-12-15 A rapid and sensitive immunoassay for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) is described. The method involves a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system equipped with a chemiluminescence detector and a neodymium magnet. Magnetic beads, to which an anti-LAS monoclonal antibody was immobilized, were used as a solid support in an immunoassay. The introduction, trapping and release of the magnetic beads in the flow cell were controlled by means of a neodymium magnet and adjusting the flow of the carrier solution. The immunoassay was based on an indirect competitive immunoreaction of an anti-LAS monoclonal antibody on the magnetic beads and the LAS sample and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled LAS, and was based on the subsequent chemiluminscence reaction of HRP with hydrogen peroxide and p-iodophenol, in a luminol solution. The anti-LAS antibody was immobilized on the beads by coupling the antibody with the magnetic beads after activation of a carboxylate moiety on the surface of magnetic beads that had been coated with a polylactic acid film. The antibody immobilized magnetic beads were introduced, and trapped in the flow cell equipped with the neodymium magnet, an LAS solution containing HRP-labeled LAS at constant concentration and the luminol solution were sequentially introduced into the flow cell based on an SIA programmed sequence. Chemiluminescence emission was monitored by means of a photon counting unit located at the upper side of the flow cell by collecting the emitted light with a lens. A typical sigmoid calibration curve was obtained, when the logarithm of the concentration of LAS was plotted against the chemiluminescence intensity using various concentrations of standard LAS samples (0-500ppb) under optimum conditions. The time required for analysis is less than 15min. PMID:18970310 11. On Maximal Injectivity Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Ming Yi WANG; Guo ZHAO 2005-01-01 A right R-module E over a ring R is said to be maximally injective in case for any maximal right ideal m of R, every R-homomorphism f : m → E can be extended to an R-homomorphism f' : R → E. In this paper, we first construct an example to show that maximal injectivity is a proper generalization of injectivity. Then we prove that any right R-module over a left perfect ring R is maximally injective if and only if it is injective. We also give a partial affirmative answer to Faith's conjecture by further investigating the property of maximally injective rings. Finally, we get an approximation to Faith's conjecture, which asserts that every injective right R-module over any left perfect right self-injective ring R is the injective hull of a projective submodule. 12. A Novel Inherently Radiopaque Bead for Transarterial Embolization to Treat Liver Cancer - A Pre-clinical Study Science.gov (United States) Duran, Rafael; Sharma, Karun; Dreher, Matthew R.; Ashrafi, Koorosh; Mirpour, Sahar; Lin, MingDe; Schernthaner, Ruediger E.; Schlachter, Todd R.; Tacher, Vania; Lewis, Andrew L.; Willis, Sean; den Hartog, Mark; Radaelli, Alessandro; Negussie, Ayele H.; Wood, Bradford J.; Geschwind, Jean-François H. 2016-01-01 Purpose: Embolotherapy using microshperes is currently performed with soluble contrast to aid in visualization. However, administered payload visibility dimishes soon after delivery due to soluble contrast washout, leaving the radiolucent bead's location unknown. The objective of our study was to characterize inherently radiopaque beads (RO Beads) in terms of physicomechanical properties, deliverability and imaging visibility in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Materials and Methods: RO Beads, which are based on LC Bead® platform, were compared to LC Bead. Bead size (light microscopy), equilibrium water content (EWC), density, X-ray attenuation and iodine distribution (micro-CT), suspension (settling times), deliverability and in vitro penetration were investigated. Fifteen rabbits were embolized with either LC Bead or RO Beads + soluble contrast (iodixanol-320), or RO Beads+dextrose. Appearance was evaluated with fluoroscopy, X-ray single shot, cone-beam CT (CBCT). Results: Both bead types had a similar size distribution. RO Beads had lower EWC (60-72%) and higher density (1.21-1.36 g/cc) with a homogeneous iodine distribution within the bead's interior. RO Beads suspension time was shorter than LC Bead, with durable suspension (>5 min) in 100% iodixanol. RO Beads ≤300 µm were deliverable through a 2.3-Fr microcatheter. Both bead types showed similar penetration. Soluble contrast could identify target and non-target embolization on fluoroscopy during administration. However, the imaging appearance vanished quickly for LC Bead as contrast washed-out. RO Beads+contrast significantly increased visibility on X-ray single shot compared to LC Bead+contrast in target and non-target arteries (P=0.0043). Similarly, RO beads demonstrated better visibility on CBCT in target arteries (P=0.0238) with a trend in non-target arteries (P=0.0519). RO Beads+dextrose were not sufficiently visible to monitor embolization using fluoroscopy. Conclusion: RO Beads provide better 13. Highly Sensitive Bacteria Quantification Using Immunomagnetic Separation and Electrochemical Detection of Guanine-Labeled Secondary Beads Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Harikrishnan Jayamohan 2015-05-01 Full Text Available In this paper, we report the ultra-sensitive indirect electrochemical detection of E. coli O157:H7 using antibody functionalized primary (magnetic beads for capture and polyguanine (polyG oligonucleotide functionalized secondary (polystyrene beads as an electrochemical tag. Vacuum filtration in combination with E. coli O157:H7 specific antibody modified magnetic beads were used for extraction of E. coli O157:H7 from 100 mL samples. The magnetic bead conjugated E. coli O157:H7 cells were then attached to polyG functionalized secondary beads to form a sandwich complex (magnetic bead/E. coli secondary bead. While the use of magnetic beads for immuno-based capture is well characterized, the use of oligonucleotide functionalized secondary beads helps combine amplification and potential multiplexing into the system. The antibody functionalized secondary beads can be easily modified with a different antibody to detect other pathogens from the same sample and enable potential multiplexing. The polyGs on the secondary beads enable signal amplification up to 10\\(^{8}\\ guanine tags per secondary bead (\\(7.5\\times10^{6}\\ biotin-FITC per secondary bead, 20 guanines per oligonucleotide bound to the target (E. coli. A single-stranded DNA probe functionalized reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode was used to bind the polyGs on the secondary beads. Fluorescent imaging was performed to confirm the hybridization of the complex to the electrode surface. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV was used to quantify the amount of polyG involved in the hybridization event with tris(2,2'-bipyridineruthenium(II (Ru(bpy\\(_{3}^{2+}\\ as the mediator. The amount of polyG signal can be correlated to the amount of E. coli O157:H7 in the sample. The method was able to detect concentrations of E. coli O157:H7 down to 3 CFU/100 mL, which is 67 times lower than the most sensitive technique reported in literature. The signal to noise ratio for this work was 3 14. Viscosity of dilute suspensions of rigid bead arrays at low shear: accounting for the variation in hydrodynamic stress over the bead surfaces. Science.gov (United States) Allison, Stuart A; Pei, Hongxia 2009-06-11 In this work, we examine the viscosity of a dilute suspension of irregularly shaped particles at low shear. A particle is modeled as a rigid array of nonoverlapping beads of variable size and geometry. Starting from a boundary element formalism, approximate account is taken of the variation in hydrodynamic stress over the surface of the individual beads. For a touching dimer of two identical beads, the predicted viscosity is lower than the exact value by 5.2%. The methodology is then applied to several other model systems including tetramers of variable conformation and linear strings of touching beads. An analysis is also carried out of the viscosity and translational diffusion of several dilute amino acids and diglycine in water. It is concluded that continuum hydrodynamic modeling with stick boundary conditions is unable to account for the experimental viscosity and diffusion data simultaneously. A model intermediate between "stick" and "slip" could possibly reconcile theory and experiment. 15. Conscientisation in Castalia: A Freirean Reading of Hermann Hesse's "The Glass Bead Game" Science.gov (United States) Roberts, Peter 2007-01-01 This paper considers Hermann Hesse's novel, "The Glass Bead Game," in the light of Paulo Freire's educational philosophy. "The Glass Bead Game" is set in Castalia, a "pedagogical province" of the 23rd century. It is argued that the central character in the book, Joseph Knecht, undergoes a complex process of conscientisation. Knecht develops an… 16. Fluidized-bed and packed-bed characteristics of gel beads NARCIS (Netherlands) Zessen, van E.; Tramper, J.; Rinzema, A.; Beeftink, H.H. 2005-01-01 A liquid-fluidized bed or packed bed with gel beads is attractive as an immobilized-cell bioreactor. The performance of such bioreactors is influenced by the physical behavior of these beads. Three different but related aspects involving the drag force between particles and liquid were studied for f 17. An adaptive algorithm for tracking 3D bead displacements: application in biological experiments International Nuclear Information System (INIS) This paper presents a feature-vector-based relaxation method (FVRM) to track bead displacements within a three-dimensional (3D) volume. The FVRM merges the feature vector method, a technique used in tracking bead displacements in biological gels, with the relaxation method, an algorithm employed successfully in tracking bead pairs in fluids. More specifically, the FVRM evaluates the probability of a bead pairing event based on the quasi-rigidity condition between the feature vectors of a bead and its candidate positions within a searching domain. Computational efficiency is improved via the introduction of an adaptive searching domain size and mismatches are reduced via a two-directional matching strategy. The algorithm is validated using simulated 3D bead displacements caused by a force dipole within a linear elastic gel. Results demonstrate a consistently high recovery ratio (above 98%) and low mismatch ratio (below 0.1%) for tracking parameter (mean bead distance/maximum bead displacement) greater than 0.73. (paper) 18. Swelling and drug release behavior of metformin HCl-loaded tamarind seed polysaccharide-alginate beads. Science.gov (United States) Nayak, Amit Kumar; Pal, Dilipkumar; Santra, Kousik 2016-01-01 The paper describes the preparation, characterization, in vitro swelling and in vitro drug release of metformin HCl-loaded tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP)-alginate beads were prepared by ionotropic-gelation technique and using CaCl2 as cross-linker. The prepared beads exhibited 32.73 ± 1.41% of drug loading (%), 94.86 ± 3.92% of drug encapsulation efficiency (%), and 1.24 ± 0.07 mm of average bead size. The bead surface morphology was analyzed by SEM. The drug-polymer interaction in the bead matrix was analyzed by FTIR analyses. These metformin HCl-loaded ionotropically gelled TSP-alginate beads demonstrated sustained in vitro drug release profile over 10h. These in vitro drug release exhibited pH-dependent drug release behavior. The in vitro drug release from these metformin HCl-loaded beads followed controlled-release (zero-order) pattern with super case-II transport mechanism. The swelling and degradation of these metformin HCl-loaded polymeric beads were found to be influenced by the pH of test mediums. 19. On-chip magnetic bead microarray using hydrodynamic focusing in a passive magnetic separator. Science.gov (United States) Smistrup, K; Kjeldsen, B G; Reimers, J L; Dufva, M; Petersen, J; Hansen, M F 2005-11-01 Implementing DNA and protein microarrays into lab-on-a-chip systems can be problematic since these are sensitive to heat and strong chemicals. Here, we describe the functionalization of a microchannel with two types of magnetic beads using hydrodynamic focusing combined with a passive magnetic separator with arrays of soft magnetic elements. The soft magnetic elements placed on both sides of the channel are magnetized by a relatively weak applied external magnetic field (21 mT) and provide magnetic field gradients attracting magnetic beads. Flows with two differently functionalized magnetic beads and a separating barrier flow are introduced simultaneously at the two channel sides and the centre of the microfluidic channel, respectively. On-chip experiments with fluorescence labeled beads demonstrate that the two types of beads are captured at each of the channel sidewalls. On-chip hybridization experiments show that the microfluidic systems can be functionalized with two sets of beads carrying different probes that selectively recognize a single base pair mismatch in target DNA. By switching the places of the two types of beads it is shown that the microsystem can be cleaned and functionalized repeatedly with different beads with no cross-talk between experiments. PMID:16234958 20. On-chip measurement of the Brownian relaxation frequency of magnetic beads using magnetic tunneling junctions DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Donolato, M.; Sogne, E.; Dalslet, Bjarke Thomas; 2011-01-01 We demonstrate the detection of the Brownian relaxation frequency of 250 nm diameter magnetic beads using a lab-on-chip platform based on current lines for exciting the beads with alternating magnetic fields and highly sensitive magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors with a superparamagnetic free... 1. OBT analysis method using polyethylene beads for limited quantities of animal tissue International Nuclear Information System (INIS) This study presents a polyethylene beads method for OBT determination in animal tissues and animal products for cases where the amount of water recovered by combustion is limited by sample size or quantity. In the method, the amount of water recovered after combustion is enhanced by adding tritium-free polyethylene beads to the sample prior to combustion in an oxygen bomb. The method reduces process time by allowing the combustion water to be easily collected with a pipette. Sufficient water recovery was achieved using the polyethylene beads method when 2 g of dry animal tissue or animal product were combusted with 2 g of polyethylene beads. Correction factors, which account for the dilution due to the combustion water of the beads, are provided for beef, chicken, pork, fish and clams, as well as egg, milk and cheese. The method was tested by comparing its OBT results with those of the conventional method using animal samples collected on the Chalk River Laboratories (CRL) site. The results determined that the polyethylene beads method added no more than 25% uncertainty when appropriate correction factors are used. - Highlights: • Polyethylene beads method for OBT determination in animal tissues and animal products were determined. • The method reduces process time. • The polyethylene beads method added no more than 25% uncertainty when appropriate correction factors are used 2. EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF DRAW-BEAD RESTRAINING FORCE IN SHEET METAL FORMING Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) J.H. Yang; J. Chen; D.N. He; X. Y. Ruan 2003-01-01 Due to complexities of draw-bead restraining force calculated according to theory anddepending on sheet metal forming properties experiment testing system, a simplifiedmethod to calculate draw-bead restraining force is put forward by experimental methodin cup-shaped drawing process. The experimental results were compared with numer-ical results and proved agreement. It shows the method is effective. 3. Biomaterial-associated infection of gentamicin-loaded PMMA beads in orthopaedic revision surgery NARCIS (Netherlands) Neut, D; van de Belt, H; Stokroos, [No Value; van Horn, [No Value; van der Mei, HC; Busscher, HJ 2001-01-01 In two-stage orthopaedic revision surgery, high local levels of antibiotics are achieved after removal of an infected prosthesis through temporary implantation of gentamicin-loaded beads. However, despite their antibiotic release, these beads act as a biomaterial surface to which bacteria preferenti 4. Optical Manipulation of Single Magnetic Beads in a Microwell Array on a Digital Microfluidic Chip. Science.gov (United States) Decrop, Deborah; Brans, Toon; Gijsenbergh, Pieter; Lu, Jiadi; Spasic, Dragana; Kokalj, Tadej; Beunis, Filip; Goos, Peter; Puers, Robert; Lammertyn, Jeroen 2016-09-01 The detection of single molecules in magnetic microbead microwell array formats revolutionized the development of digital bioassays. However, retrieval of individual magnetic beads from these arrays has not been realized until now despite having great potential for studying captured targets at the individual level. In this paper, optical tweezers were implemented on a digital microfluidic platform for accurate manipulation of single magnetic beads seeded in a microwell array. Successful optical trapping of magnetic beads was found to be dependent on Brownian motion of the beads, suggesting a 99% chance of trapping a vibrating bead. A tailor-made experimental design was used to screen the effect of bead type, ionic buffer strength, surfactant type, and concentration on the Brownian activity of beads in microwells. With the optimal conditions, the manipulation of magnetic beads was demonstrated by their trapping, retrieving, transporting, and repositioning to a desired microwell on the array. The presented platform combines the strengths of digital microfluidics, digital bioassays, and optical tweezers, resulting in a powerful dynamic microwell array system for single molecule and single cell studies. 5. Preparation and in vitro characterization of gentamycin-impregnated biodegradable beads suitable for treatment of osteomyelitis. Science.gov (United States) Meyer, J D; Falk, R F; Kelly, R M; Shively, J E; Withrow, S J; Dernell, W S; Kroll, D J; Randolph, T W; Manning, M C 1998-09-01 A new method for preparing poly(L-lactide) (PLA) biodegradable beads impregnated with an ionic aminoglycoside, gentamycin, is described. The process employs hydrophobic ion pairing to solubilize gentamycin in a solvent compatible with PLA, followed by precipitation with a compressed antisolvent (supercritical carbon dioxide). The resulting precipitate is a homogeneous dispersion of the ion-paired drug in PLA microspheres. The microspheres are approximately 1 microm in diameter and can be compressed into beads (3-6 mm in diameter) strung on surgical sutures for implantation. The bead strings exhibit no significant change in release kinetics upon sterilization with a hydrogen peroxide plasma (Ster-Rad). The kinetics of gentamycin release from the PLA beads are consistent with a matrix-controlled diffusion mechanism. While nonbiodegradable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads initially release gentamycin in a similar manner, the drug release from PMMA ceases after 8 or 9 weeks, while the PLA beads continue to release drug for over 4 months. Moreover, only 10% of the gentamycin is released from the PMMA beads, while PLA beads release more than 60% of their load, if serum is present in the release medium. The PLA system displays improved release kinetics relative to PMMA, is biodegradable, is unaltered by gas sterilization, can be used for a range of antibiotics, and can be manipulated without disintegration. These are all desirable properties for an implantable drug delivery system for the prevention or treatment of osteomyelitis. PMID:9724569 6. Characterisation and Mechanical Testing of Open Cell Al Foams Manufactured by Molten Metal Infiltration of Porous Salt Bead Preforms: Effect of Bead Size Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Andrew Kennedy 2012-06-01 Full Text Available Preforms made from porous salt beads with different diameters (0.5–1.0, 1.4–2.0 and 2.5–3.1 mm have been infiltrated with molten Al to produce porous structures using pressure-assisted vacuum investment casting. Infiltration was incomplete for preforms with high densities. At higher infiltration pressures, penetration of molten Al occurred into beads of all sizes and was predicted using a simple model. The yield strength of the porous structures increased with increasing density and decreasing pore (bead size. Despite the non-optimum distribution of metal in the porous structure, due to partial infiltration within the beads, the magnitude and density dependence of the yield stress were comparable with those for pure Al foams reported in similar studies. The structural efficiency was improved for structures produced at lower infiltration pressure, where the metal is predominantly distributed in the cell walls. The rate of salt dissolution from the preforms was high, in particular for high density preforms, large beads and preforms infiltrated at low pressures, owing to the ability of the porous beads to collapse as well as dissolve. 7. RimabotulinumtoxinB Injection Science.gov (United States) (rim a bott' you lye num bee)RimabotulinumtoxinB injection may spread from the area of injection and ... Event Reporting program online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) or by phone (1-800-332-1088). 8. Iron Sucrose Injection Science.gov (United States) Iron sucrose injection is used treat iron-deficiency anemia (a lower than normal number of red blood cells due ... may cause the kidneys to stop working). Iron sucrose injection is in a class of medications called ... 9. Urinary incontinence - injectable implant Science.gov (United States) Injectable implants are injections of material into the urethra to help control urine leakage ( urinary incontinence ) caused by a ... into the tissue next to the sphincter. The implant procedure is usually done in the hospital. Or ... 10. Corticotropin, Repository Injection Science.gov (United States) ... hard, or sensitive, or that has tattoos, warts, scars, or birthmarks. Do not inject the medication into ... you are injecting the medication. You can help decrease your child's pain by placing an ice cube ... 11. Predicting of bead undercut defects in high-speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Wen-jing XU; Chuan-song WU; De-gang ZOU 2008-01-01 In the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process, when the welding speed reaches a certain threshold, there will be an onset of weld bead undercut defects which limit the further increase of the welding speed. Establishing a mathematical model for high-speed GMAW to predict the tendency of bead undercuts is of great significance to pre-vent such defects. Under the action of various forces, the transferred metal from filler wire to the weld pool, and the geometry and dimension of the pool itself decide if the bead undercut occurs or not. The previous model simpli-fied the pool shape too much. In this paper, based on the actual weld pool geometry and dimension calculated from a numerical model, a hydrostatic model for liquid metal surface is used to study the onset of bead undercut defects in the high-speed welding process and the effects of dif-ferent welding parameters on the bead undercut tendency. 12. Development and Evaluation of Dual Cross-Linked Pulsatile Beads for Chronotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Abanesh kumar Bansal 2013-01-01 Full Text Available In the present investigation, pulsatile release beads were prepared by ionic gelation technique. Lornoxicam dual cross-linked beads were prepared by dropping dispersed phase of lornoxicam, pectin, and sodium alginate into the dispersion phase of different concentrations of calcium chloride solution followed by aluminium chloride solution. The formulated beads were further coated by Eudragit L & S 100 in the ratio 1 : 2 w/w in order to achieve desired lag time. In vitro release study showed lag time of 5–8 h before release of lornoxicam from the formulated beads. Thus, formulated dual cross-linked beads when administered at bed time may release lornoxicam when needed most for chronotherapeutics of early morning rheumatoid arthritis attacks in chronic patients. 13. Biosorption of uranium (VI) by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Biosorption of uranium (VI) ions by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads was investigated in a batch system. The influences of solution pH, biosorbent dose, U (VI) concentration, and contact time on U (VI) biosorption were studied. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity was strongly affected by the solution pH, the biosorbent dose and initial U (VI) concentration. Optimum biosorption was observed at pH 5.0, biosrobent dose (w/v) 2.5%, initial U (VI) concentration 60 mg L-1. Biosorption equilibrium was established in 120 min. The adsorption process conformed to the Freunlich and Temkin isothermal adsorption models. The dynamic adsorption model conformed to pseudo-second order model. 14. Skyrmions confined as beads on a vortex ring Science.gov (United States) Gudnason, Sven Bjarke; Nitta, Muneto 2016-07-01 A very simple, quadratic potential is used to construct vortex strings in a generalized Skyrme model and an additional quadratic potential is used to embed sine-Gordon-type halfkinks onto the string worldline, yielding half-Skyrmions on a string. The strings are furthermore compactified onto a circle and the halfkinks are forced to appear in pairs; in particular 2 B halfkinks (half-Skyrmions) will appear as beads on a ring with B being the number of times the host vortex is twisted and also the baryon number (Skyrmion number) from the bulk point of view. Finally, we construct an effective field theory on the torus, describing the kinks living on the vortex rings. 15. Echicetin coated polystyrene beads: a novel tool to investigate GPIb-specific platelet activation and aggregation. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Alexey Navdaev Full Text Available von Willebrand factor/ristocetin (vWF/R induces GPIb-dependent platelet agglutination and activation of αIIbβ3 integrin, which also binds vWF. These conditions make it difficult to investigate GPIb-specific signaling pathways in washed platelets. Here, we investigated the specific mechanisms of GPIb signaling using echicetin-coated polystyrene beads, which specifically activate GPIb. We compared platelet activation induced by echicetin beads to vWF/R. Human platelets were stimulated with polystyrene beads coated with increasing amounts of echicetin and platelet activation by echicetin beads was then investigated to reveal GPIb specific signaling. Echicetin beads induced αIIbβ3-dependent aggregation of washed platelets, while under the same conditions vWF/R treatment led only to αIIbβ3-independent platelet agglutination. The average distance between the echicetin molecules on the polystyrene beads must be less than 7 nm for full platelet activation, while the total amount of echicetin used for activation is not critical. Echicetin beads induced strong phosphorylation of several proteins including p38, ERK and PKB. Synergistic signaling via P2Y12 and thromboxane receptor through secreted ADP and TxA2, respectively, were important for echicetin bead triggered platelet activation. Activation of PKG by the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway inhibited echicetin bead-induced platelet aggregation. Echicetin-coated beads are powerful and reliable tools to study signaling in human platelets activated solely via GPIb and GPIb-triggered pathways. 16. Echicetin Coated Polystyrene Beads: A Novel Tool to Investigate GPIb-Specific Platelet Activation and Aggregation Science.gov (United States) Petunin, Alexey; Clemetson, Kenneth J.; Gambaryan, Stepan; Walter, Ulrich 2014-01-01 von Willebrand factor/ristocetin (vWF/R) induces GPIb-dependent platelet agglutination and activation of αIIbβ3 integrin, which also binds vWF. These conditions make it difficult to investigate GPIb-specific signaling pathways in washed platelets. Here, we investigated the specific mechanisms of GPIb signaling using echicetin-coated polystyrene beads, which specifically activate GPIb. We compared platelet activation induced by echicetin beads to vWF/R. Human platelets were stimulated with polystyrene beads coated with increasing amounts of echicetin and platelet activation by echicetin beads was then investigated to reveal GPIb specific signaling. Echicetin beads induced αIIbβ3-dependent aggregation of washed platelets, while under the same conditions vWF/R treatment led only to αIIbβ3-independent platelet agglutination. The average distance between the echicetin molecules on the polystyrene beads must be less than 7 nm for full platelet activation, while the total amount of echicetin used for activation is not critical. Echicetin beads induced strong phosphorylation of several proteins including p38, ERK and PKB. Synergistic signaling via P2Y12 and thromboxane receptor through secreted ADP and TxA2, respectively, were important for echicetin bead triggered platelet activation. Activation of PKG by the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway inhibited echicetin bead-induced platelet aggregation. Echicetin-coated beads are powerful and reliable tools to study signaling in human platelets activated solely via GPIb and GPIb-triggered pathways. PMID:24705415 17. Irinotecan Loaded in Eluting Beads: Preclinical Assessment in a Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumor Model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Rao, Pramod P.; Pascale, Florentina [Institute Gustave Roussy, Department of Interventional Radiology (France); Seck, Atman [Institute Gustave Roussy, UPRES EA 3535, Pharmacologie et Nouveaux Traitements du Cancer (France); Auperin, Anne [Institute Gustave Roussy, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (France); Drouard-Troalen, Laurence [Institute Gustave Roussy, Department of Biology and Pathology (France); Deschamps, Frederic; Teriitheau, Christophe [Institute Gustave Roussy, Department of Interventional Radiology (France); Paci, Angelo [Institute Gustave Roussy, UPRES EA 3535, Pharmacologie et Nouveaux Traitements du Cancer (France); Denys, Alban; Bize, Pierre [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Department of Interventional Radiology (Switzerland); Baere, Thierry de, E-mail: debaere@igr.fr [Institute Gustave Roussy, Department of Interventional Radiology (France) 2012-12-15 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan injected intravenously, intra-arterially, or loaded onto a delivery platform. Material and Methods: Fifty-four New Zealand White rabbits with VX2 liver tumor, divided in 3 groups of 17 rabbits, each received irinotecan either by intravenous (IV) route, intra-arterial hepatic (IA) route, or loaded on drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI). Animals were killed at 1, 6, and 24 h. Irinotecan and SN-38 concentrations were measured at different time points in serum, tumor, and normal liver.ResultsTwelve milligrams of irinotecan were injected IV and IA, whereas 6-16.5 mg were injected loaded onto DEBIRI. Normalized serum irinotecan reached a peak of 333 ng/ml (range 198.8-502.5) for IV, 327.1 ng/ml (range 277.1-495.6) for IA, and 189.7 ng/ml (range 111.1-261.9) for DEBIRI (P < 0.001) delivery. The area-under-the-curve value from 10 to 60 min of serum irinotecan concentration was significantly lower for DEBIRI (P = 0.0009). Tumor irinotecan levels for IV, IA, and DEBIRI (in ng/200 mg of tissue followed by ranges in parentheses) were, respectively, 23.6 (0.3-24.9), 36.5 (7.7-1914.1), and 20.2 (2.9-319) at 1 h; 4.2 (1-27.9), 99.3 (46.6-159.5), and 42.1 (11.3-189) at 6 h; and 2.7 (2.5-6.9), 18.3 (1.5-369.1), and 174.4 (3.4-5147.3) at 24 h (P = 0.02). At 24 h, tumor necrosis was 25% (10-30), 60% (40-91.25), and 95% (76.25-95) for IV, IA, and DEBIRI, respectively (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Compared with IV or IA, DEBIRI induces lower early serum levels of irinotecan, a high and prolonged intratumoral level of irinotecan, and a greater rate of tumor necrosis at 24 h. Further evaluation of the clinical benefit of DEBIRI is warranted. 18. Irinotecan Loaded in Eluting Beads: Preclinical Assessment in a Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumor Model International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan injected intravenously, intra-arterially, or loaded onto a delivery platform. Material and Methods: Fifty-four New Zealand White rabbits with VX2 liver tumor, divided in 3 groups of 17 rabbits, each received irinotecan either by intravenous (IV) route, intra-arterial hepatic (IA) route, or loaded on drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI). Animals were killed at 1, 6, and 24 h. Irinotecan and SN-38 concentrations were measured at different time points in serum, tumor, and normal liver.ResultsTwelve milligrams of irinotecan were injected IV and IA, whereas 6–16.5 mg were injected loaded onto DEBIRI. Normalized serum irinotecan reached a peak of 333 ng/ml (range 198.8–502.5) for IV, 327.1 ng/ml (range 277.1–495.6) for IA, and 189.7 ng/ml (range 111.1–261.9) for DEBIRI (P < 0.001) delivery. The area-under-the-curve value from 10 to 60 min of serum irinotecan concentration was significantly lower for DEBIRI (P = 0.0009). Tumor irinotecan levels for IV, IA, and DEBIRI (in ng/200 mg of tissue followed by ranges in parentheses) were, respectively, 23.6 (0.3–24.9), 36.5 (7.7–1914.1), and 20.2 (2.9–319) at 1 h; 4.2 (1–27.9), 99.3 (46.6–159.5), and 42.1 (11.3–189) at 6 h; and 2.7 (2.5–6.9), 18.3 (1.5–369.1), and 174.4 (3.4–5147.3) at 24 h (P = 0.02). At 24 h, tumor necrosis was 25% (10–30), 60% (40–91.25), and 95% (76.25–95) for IV, IA, and DEBIRI, respectively (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Compared with IV or IA, DEBIRI induces lower early serum levels of irinotecan, a high and prolonged intratumoral level of irinotecan, and a greater rate of tumor necrosis at 24 h. Further evaluation of the clinical benefit of DEBIRI is warranted. 19. A Logic of Injectivity CERN Document Server Adamek, J; Souza, L 2007-01-01 Injectivity of objects with respect to a set\\ch$of morphisms is an important concept of algebra, model theory and homotopy theory. Here we study the logic of injectivity consequences of$\\ch$, by which we understand morphisms$h$such that injectivity with respect to$\\ch$implies injectivity with respect to$h. We formulate three simple deduction rules for the injectivity logic and for its finitary version where \\mor s between finitely ranked objects are considered only, and prove that they are sound in all categories, and complete in all "reasonable" categories. 20. Development and evaluation of alginate-chitosan gastric floating beads loading with oxymatrine solid dispersion. Science.gov (United States) Liu, Yanhua; Chen, Lihong; Zhou, Chengming; Yang, Jianhong; Hou, Yanhui; Wang, Wenping 2016-01-01 Oxymatrine (OM) can be metabolized to matrine in gastrointestinal ileocecal valve after oral administration, which affects pharmacological activity and reduce bioavailability of OM. A type of multiple-unit alginate-chitosan (Alg-Cs) floating beads was prepared by the ionotropic gelation method for gastroretention delivery of OM. A solid dispersion technique was applied and incorporated into beads to enhance the OM encapsulation efficiency (EE) and sustain the drug release. The surface morphology and internal hollow structure of beads were evaluated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The developed Alg-Cs beads were spherical in shape with hollow internal structure and had particle size of 3.49 ± 0.09 mm and 1.33 ± 0.09 mm for wet and dried beads. Over 84% of the optimized OM solid dispersion-loaded Alg-Cs beads were able to continuously float over the simulated gastric fluid for 12 h in vitro. The OM solid dispersion-loaded Alg-Cs beads showed drug EE of 67.07%, which was much higher than that of beads loading with pure OM. Compared with the immediate release of OM capsules and pure OM-loaded beads, the release of OM from solid dispersion-loaded Alg-Cs beads was in a sustained-release manner for 12 h. Prolonged gastric retention time of over 8.5 h was achieved for OM solid dispersion-loaded Alg-Cs floating beads in healthy rabbit in in vivo floating ability evaluated by X-ray imaging. The developed Alg-Cs beads loading with OM solid dispersion displayed excellent performance features characterized by excellent gastric floating ability, high drug EE and sustained-release pattern. The study illustrated the potential use of Alg-Cs floating beads combined with the solid dispersion technique for prolonging gastric retention and sustaining release of OM, which could provide a promising drug delivery system for gastric-specific delivery of OM for bioavailability enhancement. 1. Effects of different sizes of glass beads on the release of sporocysts from Eimeria tenella oocysts. Science.gov (United States) You, Myung-Jo 2014-06-01 The oocyst wall is severed by means of mechanical injury or chemical agents. This study reports the percentage of in vitro sporocyst release following mechanical shaking in the presence of varying sizes of glass beads. Glass beads measured 0.5, 1, and 3 mm in diameter and were shaken with the oocysts for different times ranging from 5 sec to 5 min. Approximately 80% of sporocysts were released with 5 min of shaking in the presence of 3 mm glass beads, as well as 30 sec with 0.5 mm beads and 1 mm glass beads. The release of sporocysts of E. tenella was most efficient using 1 mm glass beads and treatment times of 30 sec to 1 min. Therefore, the use of 1 mm glass beads with 30 sec to 1 min of agitation is recommended in order to maximize sporocyst release and recovery and to improve the yield of viable sporozoites for use in biochemical, tissue culture, and immunological applications of coccidia. 2. Mesoporous zirconium titanium oxides. Part 2: Synthesis, porosity, and adsorption properties of beads. Science.gov (United States) Sizgek, G Devlet; Sizgek, Erden; Griffith, Christopher S; Luca, Vittorio 2008-11-01 Mesoporous zirconium titanium mixed-oxide beads having disordered wormhole textures and mole fractions of Zr (x) ranging from x=0.25 to 0.67 have been prepared. The bead preparation method combined the forced hydrolysis of mixtures of zirconium-titanium alkoxides in the presence of long-chain carboxylates with external gelation. Uniformly sized beads could be produced in the size range 0.5-1.1 mm by varying the droplet size and viscosity of the mixed-oxide sol, thus making them suitable for large-scale column chromatographic applications. The beads exhibited narrow pore size distributions with similar mean pore diameters of around 3.7 nm. The specific surface areas of the beads were linked to the Zr mole fraction in the precursor solution and were generally greater than 350 m2/g for x=0.5. A combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis indicated that the pore walls of the beads were composed of atomically dispersed Zr and Ti to form a continuous network of Zr-O-Ti bonds. Mass transport in the beads was evaluated by monitoring the kinetics of vanadate and vanadyl adsorption at pH 10.5 and 0.87, respectively. PMID:18828618 3. REVIEW: CHITOSAN BASED HYDROGEL POLYMERIC BEADS – AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Manjusha Rani 2010-11-01 Full Text Available Chitosan obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin is a non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable natural polymer. Chitosan-based hydrogel polymeric beads have been extensively studied as micro- or nano-particulate carriers in the pharmaceutical and medical fields, where they have shown promise for drug delivery as a result of their controlled and sustained release properties, as well as biocompatibility with tissue and cells. To introduce desired properties and enlarge the scope of the potential applications of chitosan, graft copolymerization with natural or synthetic polymers on it has been carried out, and also, various chitosan derivatives have been utilized to form beads. The desired kinetics, duration, and rate of drug release up to therapeutical level from polymeric beads are limited by specific conditions such as beads material and their composition, bead preparation method, amount of drug loading, drug solubility, and drug polymer interaction. The present review summarizes most of the available reports about compositional and structural effects of chitosan-based hydrogel polymeric beads on swelling, drug loading, and releasing properties. From the studies reviewed it is concluded that chitosan-based hydrogel polymeric beads are promising drug delivery systems. 4. A bacteria-based bead for possible self-healing marine concrete applications Science.gov (United States) Palin, D.; Wiktor, V.; Jonkers, H. M. 2016-08-01 This work presents a bacteria-based bead for potential self-healing concrete applications in low-temperature marine environments. The bead consisting of calcium alginate encapsulated bacterial spores and mineral precursor compounds was assessed for: oxygen consumption, swelling, and its ability to form a biocomposite in a simulative marine concrete crack solution (SMCCS) at 8 °C. After six days immersion in the SMCCS the bacteria-based beads formed a calcite crust on their surface and calcite inclusions in their network, resulting in a calcite-alginate biocomposite. Beads swelled by 300% to a maximum diameter of 3 mm, while theoretical calculations estimate that 0.112 g of the beads were able to produce ˜1 mm3 of calcite after 14 days immersion; providing the bead with considerable crack healing potential. The bacteria-based bead shows great potential for the development of self-healing concrete in low-temperature marine environments, while the formation of a biocomposite healing material represents an exciting avenue for self-healing concrete research. 5. Preparation of Silk Sericin/Lignin Blend Beads for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Ions. Science.gov (United States) Kwak, Hyo Won; Shin, Munju; Yun, Haesung; Lee, Ki Hoon 2016-01-01 In the present study, novel adsorbents having high adsorption capability and reusability were prepared using agricultural by-products: silk sericin and lignin. Silk sericin and lignin blend beads were successfully prepared using simple coagulation methods for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution. A 1 M lithium chloride (LiCl)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent system successfully dissolved both sericin and lignin and had sufficient viscosity for bead preparation. Compared to the conventional sericin bead adsorbent, sericin/lignin blend beads showed higher Cr(VI) adsorption capacity. The amount of lignin added to the adsorbent greatly affected the adsorption capacity of the beads, and a 50:50 sericin/lignin blend ratio was optimal. Adsorption behavior followed the Freundlich isotherm, which means the adsorption of Cr(VI) occurred on the heterogeneous surface. Cr(VI) adsorption capability increased with temperature because of thermodynamic-kinetic effects. In addition, over 90% of Cr(VI) ions were recovered from the Cr(VI) adsorbed sericin/lignin beads in a 1 M NaOH solution. The adsorption-desorption recycling process was stable for more than seven cycles, and the recycling efficiency was 82%. It is expected that the sericin/lignin beads could be successfully applied in wastewater remediation especially for hazardous Cr(VI) ions in industrial wastewater. PMID:27598142 6. Simultaneous removal of phenol, Cu and Cd from water with corn cob silica-alginate beads. Science.gov (United States) Shim, Jaehong; Lim, Jeong-Muk; Shea, Patrick J; Oh, Byung-Taek 2014-05-15 Phenol and heavy metals in petroleum waste are environmental and human health concerns, but physicochemical removal is often cost-prohibitive and can produce toxic secondary products and treatment residues. An environmentally benign alternative combines corn cob silica with alginate and immobilized bacteria into beads for treating contaminated water. The concentration of phenol was decreased >92% by Pseudomonas putida YNS1 on aliginate-silica beads (2%, w/v) after equilibrating for 96h with water containing 214mg phenol/L. GC-MS analysis indicated formation of benzoquinone and other polar products. Beads containing corn cob silica decreased Cu concentrations by 84-88% and Cd by 83-87% within 24h. In a mixture of 114mg phenol, 43mg Cu and 51mg Cd/L, phenol removal (93% within 96h) only occurred with beads containing the silica and bacterial strain. Beads containing corn cob silica removed >97% of the Cu and >99% of the Cd, critical for reducing toxicity to the bacteria. Beads with the immobilized strain removed phenol when zeolite was used instead of corn cob silica, but beads with silica were more effective for Cu and Cd removal. Results show the potential of corn cob silica combined with alginate and immobilized bacteria for removing phenol and heavy metals from contaminated water. PMID:24685529 7. Release of angiogenic growth factors from cells encapsulated in alginate beads with bioactive glass. Science.gov (United States) Keshaw, Hussila; Forbes, Alastair; Day, Richard M 2005-07-01 Attempts to stimulate therapeutic angiogenesis using gene therapy or delivery of recombinant growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have failed to demonstrate unequivocal efficacy in human trials. Bioactive glass stimulates fibroblasts to secrete significantly increased amounts of angiogenic growth factors and therefore has a number of potential applications in therapeutic angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess whether it is possible to encapsulate specific quantities of bioactive glass and fibroblasts into alginate beads, which will secrete growth factors capable of stimulating angiogenesis. Human fibroblasts (CCD-18Co) were encapsulated in alginate beads with specific quantities of 45S5 bioactive glass and incubated in culture medium (0-17 days). The conditioned medium was collected and assayed for VEGF or used to assess its ability to stimulate angiogenesis by measuring the proliferation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. At 17 days the beads were lysed and the amount of VEGF retained by the beads measured. Fibroblasts encapsulated in alginate beads containing 0.01% and 0.1% (w/v) 45S5 bioactive glass particles secreted increased quantities of VEGF compared with cells encapsulated with 0% or 1% (w/v) 45S5 bioactive glass particles. Lysed alginate beads containing 0.01% and 0.1% (w/v) 45S5 bioactive glass contained significantly more VEGF (p<0.01) compared with beads containing no glass particles. Endothelial cell proliferation was significantly increased (p<0.01) by conditioned medium collected from alginate beads containing 0.1% (w/v) 45S5 bioactive glass particles. The results of this study demonstrate that bioactive glass and fibroblasts can be successfully incorporated into alginate beads for use in delivering angiogenic growth factors. With further optimization, this technique offers a novel delivery device for stimulating therapeutic angiogenesis. PMID:15664644 8. Decolourisation of dyes under electro-Fenton process using Fe alginate gel beads International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Highlights: ► Catalytic activity of Fe alginate gel beads for the remediation of wastewater was tested. ► New electro-Fenton process for the remediation of polluted wastewater. ► Continuous dye treatment without operational problem with high removal. - Abstract: This study focuses on the application of electro-Fenton technique by use of catalytic activity of Fe alginate gel beads for the remediation of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes. The Fe alginate gel beads were evaluated for decolourisation of two typical dyes, Lissamine Green B and Azure B under electro-Fenton process. After characterization of Fe alginate gel beads, the pH effect on the process with Fe alginate beads and a comparative study of the electro-Fenton process with free Fe and Fe alginate bead was done. The results showed that the use of Fe alginate beads increases the efficiency of the process; moreover the developed particles show a physical integrity in a wide range of pH (2–8). Around 98–100% of dye decolourisation was obtained for both dyes by electro-Fenton process in successive batches. Therefore, the process was performed with Fe alginate beads in a bubble continuous reactor. High color removal (87–98%) was attained for both dyes operating at a residence time of 30 min, without operational problems and maintaining particle shapes throughout the oxidation process. Consequently, the stable performance of Fe alginate beads opens promising perspectives for fast and economical treatment of wastewater polluted by dyes or similar organic contaminants. 9. Epidural injections for back pain Science.gov (United States) ESI; Spinal injection for back pain; Back pain injection; Steroid injection - epidural; Steroid injection - back ... pillow under your stomach. If this position causes pain, you either sit up or lie on your ... 10. Effect of welding current and speed on occurrence of humping bead in high-speed GMAW Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Chen Ji; Wu Chuansong 2009-01-01 The developed mathematical model of humping formation mechanism in high-speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is used to analyze the effects of welding current and welding speed on the occurrence of humping bead. It considers both the momentum and heat content of backward flowing molten jet inside weld pool. Three-dimensional geometry of weld pool, the spacing between two adjacent humps and hump height along humping weld bead are calculated under different levels of welding current and welding speed. It shows that wire feeding rate, power intensity and the moment of backward flowing molten jet are the major factors on humping bead formation. 11. Bead-on-plate weldability of Al 5052 alloy using a disk laser OpenAIRE J.-K. Kim; H.-S. Lim; J.-H. Cho; C.-H. Kim 2008-01-01 Purpose: The paper presents the effect of the laser welding parameters of the laser focal position and beam angle on the weldability of an Al 5052 thick plate using a 4kW disk laser.Design/methodology/approach: Bead-on-plate welding was conducted on a 10mm-thick Al 5052 plate. Aspects of the bead, including the bead surface and cross sections, were evaluated with various laser welding parameters. The porosity formation was also examined in an X-ray transmission tests.Findings: Altho... 12. On-chip measurements of Brownian relaxation of magnetic beads with diameters from 10 nm to 250 nm DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Østerberg, Frederik Westergaard; Rizzi, Giovanni; Hansen, Mikkel Fougt 2013-01-01 We demonstrate the use of planar Hall effect magnetoresistive sensors for AC susceptibility measurements of magnetic beads with frequencies ranging from DC to 1 MHz. This wide frequency range allows for measuring Brownian relaxation of magnetic beads with diameters ranging from 10 nm to 250 nm...... to sedimentation, magnetic trapping, and signal per bead. Among the investigated beads, we conclude that the beads with a nominal diameter of 80 nm are best suited for future on-chip volume-based biosensing experiments using planar Hall effect sensors.... 13. Applications of immuno-magnetic bead and immunofluorescent flow cytometric techniques for the quantitative detection of HAB microalgae Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) HUANG Jian; WEN Ruobing; BAO Zhenmin; SUI Zhenghong; SUN Ningbo; KANG Kyoungho 2012-01-01 Over the last severaldecades,harmful algal blooms (HABs) havebecome a serious environmental problem in many parts of the world.A rapid and accurate detection process for HAB algae has yet to be developed.Heterosigma akashiwo is one of the most important HABs species in China.The objective of this study was to develop an immunologic technique that can rapidly and sensitively count H.akashiwo cells.Five HABs species (Alexandrium catenella,Thalassiosira sp.,Cryptomonas sp.,Alexandrium tamarense and Symbiodinium sp.,) were used in this study to evaluate the analysis process we developed.A polyclonal antibody with high titers against H.akashiwo was obtained by injecting H.akashiwo cells into rabbits.Immuno-magnetic beads (IMB) were produced via conjugated polyclonal antibodies with magnetic beads and applied to isolate and count H.akashiwo cells from the culture.Results show that 66.7％-91.6％ of the cells were captured from unialgal culture by IMBs,and only 5.3％-12.5％ of the four other HAB microalgae species were captured,indicating that the constructed IMBs combined specifically with the H.akashiwo cells.At the same time,flow cytometry (FCM) sorting was exploited to screen H.akashiwo cells after labeling with FITC conjugated polyclonal antibodies.Using the FCM technique,91.7％ of the targeted cells were sorted out from mixed microalgae samples in just a few minutes.These results indicate that both antibody-involved IMB and antibody-based FCM techniques are highly effective at detecting and quantifying HAB species.These techniques,especially immuno-magnetic separation,have low associated cost,and are fast and simple processes compared with other techniques currently in use. 14. Injection moulding antireflective nanostructures DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Christiansen, Alexander Bruun; Clausen, Jeppe Sandvik; Mortensen, N. Asger; We present a method for injection moulding antireflective nanostructures on large areas, for high volume production. Nanostructured black silicon masters were fabricated by mask-less reactive ion etching, and electroplated with nickel. The nickel shim was antistiction coated and used in an...... injection moulding process, to fabricate the antireflective surfaces. The cycle-time was 35 s. The injection moulded structures had a height of 125 nm, and the visible spectrum reflectance of injection moulded black polypropylene surfaces was reduced from 4.5±0.5% to 2.5±0.5%. The gradient of the refractive... 15. Urinary incontinence - injectable implant Science.gov (United States) ... repair; ISD repair; Injectable bulking agents for stress urinary incontinence ... Blaivas JM, Gormley EA, et al. Female Stress Urinary Incontinence Update Panel of the American Urological Association Education ... 16. Magnetic bead detection using domain wall-based nanosensor International Nuclear Information System (INIS) We investigate the effect of a single magnetic bead (MB) on the domain wall (DW) pinning/depinning fields of a DW trapped at the corner of an L-shaped magnetic nanodevice. DW propagation across the device is investigated using magnetoresistance measurements. DW pinning/depinning fields are characterized in as-prepared devices and after placement of a 1 μm-sized MB (Dynabeads® MyOne™) at the corner. The effect of the MB on the DW dynamics is seen as an increase in the depinning field for specific orientations of the device with respect to the external magnetic field. The shift of the depinning field, ΔBdep = 4.5–27.0 mT, is highly stable and reproducible, being significantly above the stochastic deviation which is about 0.5 mT. The shift in the deppinning field is inversely proportional to the device width and larger for small negative angles between the device and the external magnetic field. Thus, we demonstrate that DW-based devices can be successfully used for detection of single micron size MB 17. Chelating polymeric beads as potential therapeutics for Wilson's disease. Science.gov (United States) Mattová, Jana; Poučková, Pavla; Kučka, Jan; Skodová, Michaela; Vetrík, Miroslav; Stěpánek, Petr; Urbánek, Petr; Petřík, Miloš; Nový, Zbyněk; Hrubý, Martin 2014-10-01 Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder caused by a malfunction of ATPase 7B that leads to high accumulation of copper in the organism and consequent toxic effects. We propose a gentle therapy to eliminate the excessive copper content with oral administration of insoluble non-resorbable polymer sorbents containing selective chelating groups for copper(II). Polymeric beads with the chelating agents triethylenetetramine, N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQB) were investigated. In a preliminary copper uptake experiment, we found that 8HQB significantly reduced copper uptake (using copper-64 as a radiotracer) after oral administration in Wistar rats. Furthermore, we measured organ radioactivity in rats to demonstrate that 8HQB radiolabelled with iodine-125 is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Non-resorbability and the blockade of copper uptake were also confirmed with small animal imaging (PET/CT) in mice. In a long-term experiment with Wistar rats fed a diet containing the polymers, we have found that there were no signs of polymer toxicity and the addition of polymers to the diet led to a significant reduction in the copper contents in the kidneys, brains, and livers of the rats. We have shown that polymers containing specific ligands could potentially be novel therapeutics for Wilson's disease. 18. Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on modified chitosan beads. Science.gov (United States) Monier, M; Ayad, D M; Wei, Y; Sarhan, A A 2010-04-01 A method has been developed to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on modified chitosan beads by means of graft copolymerization of polyethylacrylate in presence of potassium persulphate and Mohr's salt redox initiator. The activity of free and immobilized HRP was studied. FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize HRP immobilization. The efficiency of the immobilization was investigated by examining the relative enzymatic activity of free enzyme before and after the HRP immobilization. The obtained values were found to reach 98.4%. The results show that the optimum temperature of immobilized HRP was 45 degrees C, which was identical to that of free enzyme, and the immobilized HRP exhibited a higher relative activity than that of free HRP over 45 degrees C. The optimal pH for immobilized HRP was 10, which was higher than that of the free HRP (pH 9.0), and the immobilization resulted in stabilization of enzyme over a broader pH range. The apparent kinetic constant value (K(m)) of immobilized HRP was 3.784 mmol ml(-1), which was higher than that of free HRP. On the other hand, the activity of immobilized HRP decreased slowly against time when compared to that of the free HRP, and could retain 65.8% residual activity after 6 consecutive cycles. PMID:20060854 19. Metallurgical investigation of wire breakage of tyre bead grade Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Piyas Palit 2015-10-01 Full Text Available Tyre bead grade wire is used for tyre making application. The wire is used as reinforcement inside the polymer of tyre. The wire is available in different size/section such as 1.6–0.80 mm thin Cu coated wire. During tyre making operation at tyre manufacturer company, wire failed frequently. In this present study, different broken/defective wire samples were collected from wire mill for detailed investigation of the defect. The natures of the defects were localized and similar in nature. The fracture surface was of finger nail type. Crow feet like defects including button like surface abnormalities were also observed on the broken wire samples. The defect was studied at different directions under microscope. Different advanced metallographic techniques have been used for detail investigation. The analysis revealed that, white layer of surface martensite was formed and it caused the final breakage of wire. In this present study we have also discussed about the possible reason for the formation of such kind of surface martensite (hard-phase. 20. DNA entropic elasticity for short molecules attached to beads CERN Document Server Li, J; Nelson, P C; Li, Jinyu; Nelson, Philip C. 2006-01-01 Single-molecule experiments in which force is applied to DNA or RNA molecules have enabled important discoveries of nucleic acid properties and nucleic acid-enzyme interactions. These experiments rely on a model of the polymer force-extension behavior to calibrate the experiments; typically the experiments use the worm-like chain (WLC) theory for double-stranded DNA and RNA. This theory agrees well with experiments for long molecules. Recent single-molecule experiments have used shorter molecules, with contour lengths in the range of 1-10 persistence lengths. Most WLC theory calculations to date have assumed infinite molecule lengths, and do not agree well with experiments on shorter chains. Key physical effects that become important when shorter molecules are used include (i) boundary conditions which constrain the allowed fluctuations at the ends of the molecule and (ii) rotational fluctuations of the bead to which the polymer is attached, which change the apparent extension of the molecule. We describe the... 1. Mechanical properties of micro-injected HDPE composites Science.gov (United States) Bongiorno, A.; Pagano, C.; Agnelli, S.; Baldi, F.; Fassi, I. 2016-03-01 Micro-injection moulding is one of the key manufacturing technologies for the mass production of high value polymeric miniaturized-components. However, this process is not just a straightforward down scaling of the conventional injection moulding technique. Indeed, during the micro-injection the polymer melt is forced to flow at high strain rates through very small channels in non-isothermal conditions, and this can lead to complex microstructures and to parts with unexpected performances. In this work, the relationships among the processing conditions, the mechanical properties and the microstructural characteristics of miniaturized specimens obtained by injection moulding were investigated. Two model systems were considered with the same filler content of 15% wt. (HDPE-talc and HDPE-glass beads), representative of two different types of micro-composites: containing lamellar and spherical micro-particles, respectively. The attention was focused on the influence of the filler type and the process conditions on the mechanical behaviour, examined by uniaxial tensile tests and dynamic-mechanical analyses, and on the morphological characteristics of the specimens, examined by microscopy analyses. The results highlight that mechanical response of the miniaturized specimens is significantly affected by both the filler and the process conditions that can have an influence on the polymer microstructure. Lamellar composites showed the best performance due to the orientation of the talc particles during the micro-injection process, while, different morphologies of the skin/core transition region in dependence on the process temperatures were observable. 2. Three-Phase Capillary Pressure, Hysteresis and Trapping in a Porous Glass-Bead Column Science.gov (United States) Andersson, L.; Schlüter, S.; Li, T.; Brown, K. I.; Helland, J. O.; Wildenschild, D. 2015-12-01 Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strategies employing water-alternate-gas (WAG) injections may improve oil mobility and production recovery. WAG injections for EOR create regions in the reservoir with simultaneous flow of oil, water and air dominated by capillary and gravity forces. As a result of the dynamics in the transition zones, the invading fluid may snap off compartments of the displaced fluid which could then be trapped in the pore space, contributing to the hysteresis of the three-phase capillary pressure curves. Three-phase capillary pressure curves are needed to model the three-phase transition zone movements in the reservoir. In reservoir simulation models, the common practice has been to implement three-phase capillary pressure curves based on two-phase gas-oil and oil-water capillary pressure data. However, experimental and modelling studies of three-phase fluid distributions at the pore scale have shown that this procedure is not always valid; three-phase capillary pressure curves exhibit hysteresis and depend on the saturation history of the three phases which cannot be derived from two-phase capillary pressure curves. We have developed three-phase experiments that provide capillary pressures and 3D-image data of fluid distributions in the entire saturation space of oil, water and air in water-wet porous glass-bead columns; a time-consuming and technically challenging exercise. The 3D data with a resolution of 6.38 μm were derived from high-resolution synchrotron x-ray computed micro-tomography (CMT), collected at the GSECARS beam line 13-BM-D at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. In particular, we discuss how three-phase pore-scale mechanisms, such as oil layer existence and multiple displacement events, affect the mobility and trapping of oil in the porous medium. We also show that wettability-alterations of the porous medium in contact with the three-phase fluid system and exposure to x-rays can be avoided by using iodine 3. Tumour metastasis-associated gene profiling using one-dimensional microfluidic beads array Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 2007-01-01 Great efforts have been made on the early diagnosis and molecular mechanism research of tumour metastasis in recent years. In this paper, based on the one-dimensional microfluidic beads array, a novel platform for tumour metastasis-associated genes profiling has been developed by depositing nucleic acids functional beads in the microchannel. This platform is sensitive (limit of detection: 0.02 nmol/L) and can perform mRNAs analysis without PCR. Two human colon cancer cell lines (primary and metastatic) from the same patient were used as a model, and transcriptional expression profiling of multiple tumour metastasis-associated genes in these two cell lines was successfully achieved. Furthermore, the results obtained on the beads array were validated by RT-PCR. This novel beads array has advantages of high sensitivity, little sample consumption, short assay time, low cost and high throughput capability. It holds the potential in early diagnosis and mechanism research of tumour metastasis. 4. A tunable cancer cell filter using magnetic beads: cellular and fluid dynamic simulations CERN Document Server Gusenbauer, Markus; Bance, Simon; Exl, Lukas; Reichel, Franz; Oezelt, Harald; Schrefl, Thomas 2011-01-01 In the field of biomedicine magnetic beads are used for drug delivery and to treat hyperthermia. Here we propose to use self-organized bead structures to isolate circulating tumor cells using lab-on-chip technologies. Typically blood flows past microposts functionalized with antibodies for circulating tumor cells. Creating these microposts with interacting magnetic beads makes it possible to tune the geometry in size, position and shape. We develop a simulation tool that combines micromagnetics, discrete particle dynamics and fluid dynamics, in order to design micropost arrays made of interacting beads. For the simulation of blood flow we use the Lattice-Boltzmann method with immersed elastic blood cell models. Parallelization distributes large fluid and particle dynamic simulations over available resources to reduce overall calculation time. 5. Asynchronous Magnetic Bead Rotation (AMBR Microviscometer for Label-Free DNA Analysis Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Yunzi Li 2014-03-01 Full Text Available We have developed a label-free viscosity-based DNA detection system, using paramagnetic beads as an asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR microviscometer. We have demonstrated experimentally that the bead rotation period is linearly proportional to the viscosity of a DNA solution surrounding the paramagnetic bead, as expected theoretically. Simple optical measurement of asynchronous microbead motion determines solution viscosity precisely in microscale volumes, thus allowing an estimate of DNA concentration or average fragment length. The response of the AMBR microviscometer yields reproducible measurement of DNA solutions, enzymatic digestion reactions, and PCR systems at template concentrations across a 5000-fold range. The results demonstrate the feasibility of viscosity-based DNA detection using AMBR in microscale aqueous volumes. 6. A control system for uniform bead in fillet arc welding on tack welds International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Positioning a workpiece accurately and preventing weld distortion, tack welding is often adopted before main welding in the construction of welded structures. However, this tack weld deteriorates the final weld bead profile, so that the grinding process is usually performed for a uniform weld bead profile. In this study, a control system for uniform weld bead is proposed for the fillet arc welding on tack welds. The system consists of GMA welding machine, torch manipulator, laser vision sensor for measuring the tack weld size and the database for optimal welding conditions. Experiments have been performed for constructing the database and for evaluating the control capability of the system. It has been shown that the system has the capability to smooth the bead at the high level of quality 7. Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by barium ion cross-linked alginate beads Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Uzaşçı Sesil 2014-07-01 Full Text Available Barium ion cross-linked alginate beads have shown great affinity to toxic hexavalent chromium ions in aqueous solution, contrary to the traditional calcium alginate beads. The adsorption experiments were carried out by the batch contact method. The optimal pH for removal was found to be pH 4. The equilibrium was established in 4 h and the removal efficiency of chromium (VI was found as 95%. The adsorption data fit well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum chromium (VI adsorption capacity determined from Langmuir isotherm was 36.5 mg/g dry alginate beads. Our study suggests that barium alginate beads can be used as cost-effective and efficient adsorbents for the removal of chromium (VI from contaminated waters. 8. Antibody-Conjugated Paramagnetic Nanobeads: Kinetics of Bead-Cell Binding Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Shahid Waseem 2014-05-01 Full Text Available Specific labelling of target cell surfaces using antibody-conjugated paramagnetic nanobeads is essential for efficient magnetic cell separation. However, studies examining parameters determining the kinetics of bead-cell binding are scarce. The present study determines the binding rates for specific and unspecific binding of 150 nm paramagnetic nanobeads to highly purified target and non-target cells. Beads bound to cells were enumerated spectrophotometrically. Results show that the initial bead-cell binding rate and saturation levels depend on initial bead concentration and fit curves of the form A(1 − exp(−kt. Unspecific binding within conventional experimental time-spans (up to 60 min was not detectable photometrically. For CD3-positive cells, the probability of specific binding was found to be around 80 times larger than that of unspecific binding. 9. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan impregnated calcium alginate beads for removal of uranium from aquatic stream International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The present study was conducted to study the feasibility of chitosan impregnated calcium alginate beads (Cal-Alg-Chi) to sorb the excess uranium from the aquatic stream. Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit). The optimal composition of calcium alginate chitosan beads is 4 % (wt/vol) alginate gel having 5% loading of chitosan. The nature and morphology of pure and uranium sorbed calcium alginate chitosan beads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATRFTIR). The results of batch sorption experiments suggest that Cal-Alg-Chi beads are very effective for removal of uranium in the pH range of 2.0-5.0 and sorption is more than 80 % in the concentration range of 1-100 mgL-1 10. One-step isolation of plasma membrane proteins using magnetic beads with immobilized concanavalin A DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Lee, Yu-Chen; Block, Gregory; Chen, Huiwen; 2008-01-01 We have developed a simple method for isolating and purifying plasma membrane proteins from various cell types. This one-step affinity-chromatography method uses the property of the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) and the technique of magnetic bead separation to obtain highly purified plasma membrane...... proteins from crude membrane preparations or cell lines. ConA is immobilized onto magnetic beads by binding biotinylated ConA to streptavidin magnetic beads. When these ConA magnetic beads were used to enrich plasma membranes from a crude membrane preparation, this procedure resulted in 3.7-fold enrichment...... was enriched about threefold relative to that of the original membranes. In similar experiments, this method produced 13-fold enrichment of 5'-nucleotidase activity with 45% recovery of the activity from a total cell lysate of PC-3 cells and 7.1-fold enrichment of 5'-nucleotidase activity with 33% recovery... 11. Two-phase mixed media dielectric with macro dielectric beads for enhancing resistivity and breakdown strength Science.gov (United States) Falabella, Steven; Meyer, Glenn A; Tang, Vincent; Guethlein, Gary 2014-06-10 A two-phase mixed media insulator having a dielectric fluid filling the interstices between macro-sized dielectric beads packed into a confined volume, so that the packed dielectric beads inhibit electro-hydrodynamically driven current flows of the dielectric liquid and thereby increase the resistivity and breakdown strength of the two-phase insulator over the dielectric liquid alone. In addition, an electrical apparatus incorporates the two-phase mixed media insulator to insulate between electrical components of different electrical potentials. And a method of electrically insulating between electrical components of different electrical potentials fills a confined volume between the electrical components with the two-phase dielectric composite, so that the macro dielectric beads are packed in the confined volume and interstices formed between the macro dielectric beads are filled with the dielectric liquid. 12. Characterizing protein modifications by reactive metabolites using magnetic bead bioreactors and LC-MS/MS. Science.gov (United States) Li, Dandan; Fu, You-Jun; Rusling, James F 2015-03-18 We report here label-free metabolite-protein adduct detection and identification employing magnetic beads coated with metabolic enzymes as bioreactors to generate metabolites and possible metabolite-protein adducts for analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 13. Experimental and numerical study of restraining force development in inclined draw beads Science.gov (United States) Raghavan, K. S.; Narainen, R.; Smith, L. M. 2013-12-01 Inclined (angled) draw bead geometries are becoming increasingly common as body styling requirements necessitate external panel shapes with considerable curvature. The restraining force that develops as material undergoes bending and frictional contact varies with bead geometry, material strength level and ambient lubrication conditions. In this study, an FEA based parametric approach is used to model the effects of material strength, friction condition, and binder angle on draw bead restraining force (DBRF). A finite element draw bead simulation was calibrated to experimental data for a 250 MPa electro-galvanized bake-hardenable specimen. The experimental data is used to confirm that the DBRF vs. binder angle curve roughly follows a concave shaped second order function with a maximum somewhere in the positive binder angle domain. 14. STUDY ON THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF MACRORETICULAR BEAD PAN/PVC IPN RESINS Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) LI Yanfeng; ZHUO Renxi 1993-01-01 Macroreticular bead PAN/PVC IPN reans with cyano and chloro groups were synthesized by interpenetrating polymerization of acrylonitrile, or acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene into a macroporous polyvinyl chloride bead. The composition and structure of the bead IPN resins have been investigated by means of FT-IR, NMR, SEM, mercury porosimetry and elemental analysis. During the process of interpenetrating polymerization, the chain propagation obeys Bernoullian statistical law, and no grafting polymerization has been observed. The content of cyano group in the resulting IPN resins can be adjusted by the amount of acrylonitrile added. The morphology of the IPN resins basically resembles that of the polyvinyl chloride bead,whereas the pore structures vary to a certain degree 15. Micro-Raman and micro-XRF analysis of glass beads from the Chungde site, Taiwan Science.gov (United States) Liou, Y. S.; Wang, S. C.; Liu, Y. C. 2014-12-01 A large number of ancient glass beads dating back from Late Neolithic Age to early Historical Period (ca. 2300-400 BP) of Taiwan have been uncovered from archaeological sites. These glass beads with variant colors, shapes, and stylistics have long been considered to possess socio-cultural significance. Due to the color and chemical composition of glass bead might be determined by raw materials, fluxing agents, colorants, opacifiers and stabilizers. In addition, ancient glass beads are rare and precious, non-destructive analysis has been employed to decipher about the provenances, manufacturing techniques, and exchange/trade routes. In this work, micro-Raman spectroscopy and micro X-ray fluorescent spectrometer (μ-XRF) were used to examine ten ancient glass beads excavated from the Chungde site, Hualien, Taiwan, dating back to 1500-800 BP, to unravel the mineralogical and chemical compositions. Micro Raman experimental results show that glass and anorthite glass are the main constituents accompanying with trace level of quartz, albite, siderite, ankerite, and amazonite. The Raman Index of Polymerization (Ip) indicate that the sintering temperature of the glass beads is in the range of 1000~1400°C. Furthermore, the chemical compositions are corresponding to the maximum stretching vibration peak wave number (νmax Si-O Stretching) and the maximum bending vibration peak wave number (δmax Si-O Bending), which are essentially consistent with that of the India-Pacific beads. The μ-XRF results indicate the presence of oxides including SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, SnO2, TiO2, CuO, etc., and could be classified to high aluminum of soda-lime glass system. According to ternary phase diagram analysis of CaO-K2O-Na2O and K2O-Al2O3-CaO, the ancient glass beads analyzed could be attributed to the India-Pacific beads, and is in accordance with that of Raman spectra. The combination of these facts leads to the conclusion that glass beads obtained from the Chungde 16. Design and Evaluation of Stomach-Specific Drug Delivery of Domperidone using Floating Pectin Beads Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) K.Varun Kumar 2013-03-01 Full Text Available The objective of present study was to develop floating beads of Domperidone (DOM in order to increase its residence time in the stomach without contact with the mucosa, improve patient compliance and obtain improved therapeutic efficacy. They are prepared by extrusion congealing technique with pectin as a polymer. Floating beads were characterized by polymer compatibility by using FT-IR. The prepared beads were evaluated for particle size, surface morphology, buoyancy, actual drug content, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. Nine formulations of DOM floating beads were formulated by using different percentage of both gas forming agent and pectin. Density of the formulated beads was found to be ranging between 0.101 and 0.182 g/cm3. The particle size was distributed between 0.6 to 1.6 mm. Buoyancy percentage was 71-87% and Drug entrapment efficiency was 54.4-64.48%. The micrometric properties were found to be good and scanning electron microscopy (SEM confirmed their hollow structure with smooth surface. The content of drug release was done by UV spectrophotometer at 284 nm. In vitro drug release of DOM, for F2 is 81.10% and for F6 is 82.6%. And the beads formulated using 0.3w/w (F2 and 0.4% w/w (F6 of pectin was more uniform in shape and exhibited maximum buoyancy. The drug content of the formulated beads was found to be satisfactory by this method. It remains in the gastric region for several hours and hence prolongs the gastric residence time of drug. From the study it was concluded that the gastro retentive drug delivery system designed as floating beads could be suitable drug delivery system for DOM. 17. Design criteria for developing low-resource magnetic bead assays using surface tension valves. Science.gov (United States) Adams, Nicholas M; Creecy, Amy E; Majors, Catherine E; Wariso, Bathsheba A; Short, Philip A; Wright, David W; Haselton, Frederick R 2013-01-01 Many assays for biological sample processing and diagnostics are not suitable for use in settings that lack laboratory resources. We have recently described a simple, self-contained format based on magnetic beads for extracting infectious disease biomarkers from complex biological samples, which significantly reduces the time, expertise, and infrastructure required. This self-contained format has the potential to facilitate the application of other laboratory-based sample processing assays in low-resource settings. The technology is enabled by immiscible fluid barriers, or surface tension valves, which stably separate adjacent processing solutions within millimeter-diameter tubing and simultaneously permit the transit of magnetic beads across the interfaces. In this report, we identify the physical parameters of the materials that maximize fluid stability and bead transport and minimize solution carryover. We found that fluid stability is maximized with ≤0.8 mm i.d. tubing, valve fluids of similar density to the adjacent solutions, and tubing with ≤20 dyn/cm surface energy. Maximizing bead transport was achieved using ≥2.4 mm i.d. tubing, mineral oil valve fluid, and a mass of 1-3 mg beads. The amount of solution carryover across a surface tension valve was minimized using ≤0.2 mg of beads, tubing with ≤20 dyn/cm surface energy, and air separators. The most favorable parameter space for valve stability and bead transport was identified by combining our experimental results into a single plot using two dimensionless numbers. A strategy is presented for developing additional self-contained assays based on magnetic beads and surface tension valves for low-resource diagnostic applications. PMID:24403996 18. Heme Iron Release from Alginate Beads at In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions. Science.gov (United States) Valenzuela, Carolina; Hernández, Valesca; Morales, María Sol; Pizarro, Fernando 2016-07-01 Heme iron (Fe) release from alginate beads at in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions for potential use as oral heme Fe supplement was studied. Five beads at different ratios of sodium alginate (SA)-to-spray-dried bovine blood cells (SDBC) with weight ratios of 1:1.25, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 (w/w) were prepared. Release characteristics of these beads were investigated at in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Release media pH strongly influenced the controlled Fe release from the beads. The heme Fe-beads in simulated gastric fluid (pH 2) remained in a shrinkage state and Fe release was low: 25.8, 21.1, 11.6, 12.1, and 12.0 % for 1:1.25, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 ratios, respectively. Proportion and amount of Fe released by 1:1.25 and 1:2.5 ratios was higher than the other ratios. The heme Fe-beads swelled and dissociated in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6), releasing three-fourths of the Fe in 200 min. The morphology studies showed that Fe release followed formation of pores in the alginate matrix, generating erosion of the beads and complete disintegration after 75 and 200 min of gastric and intestinal incubation, respectively. These results indicate that heme Fe-beads may be useful for oral delivery of heme Fe supplement. PMID:26610684 19. On-chip magnetic separation of superparamagnetic beads for integrated molecular analysis OpenAIRE Florescu, Octavian; Wang, Kevan; Au, Patrick; Tang, Jimmy; Harris, Eva; Beatty, P. Robert; Boser, Bernhard E. 2010-01-01 We have demonstrated a postprocessed complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC) capable of on-chip magnetic separation, i.e., removing via magnetic forces the nonspecifically bound magnetic beads from the detection area on the surface of the chip. Initially, 4.5 μm wide superparamagnetic beads sedimenting out of solution due to gravity were attracted to the detection area by a magnetic concentration force generated by flowing current through a conductor embedded in... 20. Arsenate removal by layered double hydroxides embedded into spherical polymer beads: Batch and column studies. Science.gov (United States) Nhat Ha, Ho Nguyen; Kim Phuong, Nguyen Thi; Boi An, Tran; Mai Tho, Nguyen Thi; Ngoc Thang, Tran; Quang Minh, Bui; Van Du, Cao 2016-01-01 In this study, the performance of poly(layered double hydroxides) [poly(LDHs)] beads as an adsorbent for arsenate removal from aqueous solution was investigated. The poly(LDHs) beads were prepared by immobilizing LDHs into spherical alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-glutaraldehyde beads (spherical polymer beads). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to assess the effect of contact time, solution pH, initial arsenate concentrations and co-existing anions on arsenate removal performance. The potential reuse of these poly(LDHs) beads was also investigated. Approximately 79.1 to 91.2% of arsenic was removed from an arsenate solution (50 mg As L(-1)) by poly(LDHs). The adsorption data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption capacities of these poly(LDHs) beads at pH 8 were from 1.64 to 1.73 mg As g(-1), as calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption ability of the poly(LDHs) beads decreased by approximately 5-6% after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles. Phosphates markedly decreased arsenate removal. The effect of co-existing anions on the adsorption capacity declined in the following order: HPO4 (2-) > HCO3 (-) > SO4 (2-) > Cl(-). A fixed-bed column study was conducted with real-life arsenic-containing water. The breakthrough time was found to be from 7 to 10 h. Under optimized conditions, the poly(LDHs) removed more than 82% of total arsenic. The results obtained in this study will be useful for further extending the adsorbents to the field scale or for designing pilot plants in future studies. From the viewpoint of environmental friendliness, the poly(LDHs) beads are a potential cost-effective adsorbent for arsenate removal in water treatment. 1. On-chip magnetic separation of superparamagnetic beads for integrated molecular analysis Science.gov (United States) Florescu, Octavian; Wang, Kevan; Au, Patrick; Tang, Jimmy; Harris, Eva; Beatty, P. Robert; Boser, Bernhard E. 2010-03-01 We have demonstrated a postprocessed complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC) capable of on-chip magnetic separation, i.e., removing via magnetic forces the nonspecifically bound magnetic beads from the detection area on the surface of the chip. Initially, 4.5 μm wide superparamagnetic beads sedimenting out of solution due to gravity were attracted to the detection area by a magnetic concentration force generated by flowing current through a conductor embedded in the IC. After sedimentation, the magnetic beads that did not bind strongly to the functionalized surface of the IC through a specific biochemical complex were removed by a magnetic separation force generated by flowing current through another conductor placed laterally to the detection area. As the spherical bead pivoted on the surface of the chip, the lateral magnetic force was further amplified by mechanical leveraging, and 50 mA of current flowing through the separation conductor placed 18 μm away from the bead resulted in 7.5 pN of tensile force on the biomolecular tether immobilizing the bead. This force proved high enough to break nonspecific interactions while leaving specific antibody-antigen bonds intact. A sandwich capture immunoassay on purified human immunoglobulin G showed strong correlation with a control enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and a detection limit of 10 ng/ml or 70 pM. The beads bound to the detection area after on-chip magnetic separation were detected optically. To implement a fully integrated molecular diagnostics platform, the on-chip magnetic separation functionality presented in this work can be readily combine with state-of-the art CMOS-based magnetic bead detection technology. 2. Synthesis and characterization of monosize magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) beads Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Evrim Banu Alt1nta(s); Lokman Uzun; Adil Denizli 2007-01-01 Monosize, 1.6 μm, magnetic beads of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) [M-poly(GMA)], were prepared by dispersion polymerization in the presence of Fe3O4 nano-powder. Monosize M-poly(GMA) beads were characterized by swelling tests, density measurements, electron spin resonance (ESR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characteristic functional groups of M-poly(GMA)beads were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The M-poly(GMA) beads are highly uniform in size and have a spherical shape and non-porous structure. Polydispersity index (PDI) of M-poly(GMA) beads was calculated to be around 1.008. The hydrated density of the M-poly(GMA) beads measured at 25 ℃ was 1.14 g/cm3. The content of oxirane groups on the surface of the M-poly(GMA) sample was found to be 3.46 mmol/g by using perchloric acid titration. The specific surface area of the M-poly(GMA) beads was determined to be 3.2 m2/g.The equilibrium swelling ratio was 52%. The volume fraction of magnetite nanopowder in the M-poly(GMA) beads was found to be 4.5%. The g factor, that can be considered as a quantity characteristic of the molecules in which the unpaired electrons are located, was found to be 2.28for M-poly(GMA). The external magnetic field at resonance was calculated to be 2055 Gs which was found sufficient to excite all of the dipole moments present in 1.0 g of M-poly(GMA) sample. 3. Mineralogical and chemical analyses of ancient glass beads from Taiwan and their implications Science.gov (United States) Liou, Y. S.; Liu, Y. C. 2015-12-01 Large numbers of monochrome glass beads with different colors, shapes, and stylistics excavated from the archaeological sites of Taiwan, which were dated mainly from the 2nd century AD to the early Historical Period of Taiwan. Archaeologically, these glass beads were more prevalent in eastern and northern Taiwan and were generally believed to be non-native, as well as were brought into Taiwan through the maritime exchange and/or trade activities between Taiwan and Southeast Asia/China since the Neolithic Age. Nevertheless, ancient glass beads have been little studies in Taiwan, aspects of these glass beads are not well detailed. In this work, non-destructive micro-Raman spectroscopy and μXRF are used in combination to examine 56 ancient glass beads excavated from six archaeological sites, eastern Taiwan, to unravel the mineralogical and chemical compositions and to help decipher the raw materials used and the provenance of beads. Micro-Raman measurements indicate the presence of hematite, zincite, siderite, sphalerite, lead tin yellow type II, adularia, chalcedony, anatase, rutite, ankerite, graphite, calcite, etc. Hematite, zincite, siderite, sphalerite, lead tin yellow type II, and rutile were found to be colorants/opacifiers. Among these crystalline phases, lead tin yellow type II was first detected in the ancient glass bead unearthed from Taiwan, which is accordant with results of chemical analysis. The chemical results obtained by μXRF show SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, MgO, CaO, and PbO as the most abundant oxides. It is found that Na2O, Na2O, K2O, Al2O3, and MgO are the main/minor fluxes. According to the results, the three most frequent types are mineral soda alumina glass, soda plant ash glass, and lead silicate glass. The provenance of ancient beads unearthed from archaeological sites of Taiwan is possibility of multiple sources. 4. Immobilization of Lipase from Candida rugosa on Chitosan Beads for Transesterification Reaction OpenAIRE M. Nasratun; H. A. Said; Noraziah, A.; A. N.A. Alla 2009-01-01 Problem statement: Further study is recommended to improve the immobilization technique and the immobilized lipases performance as catalysis in transesterification reaction. Approach: To investigate the ability of immobilized lipase on chitosan beads to catalyze the transesterification of cooking oil to an ester. The porous bead of chitosan was used for immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa by physical adsorption. Parameters like reaction time and oil to methanol molar ratios were stud... 5. Arsenate removal by layered double hydroxides embedded into spherical polymer beads: Batch and column studies. Science.gov (United States) Nhat Ha, Ho Nguyen; Kim Phuong, Nguyen Thi; Boi An, Tran; Mai Tho, Nguyen Thi; Ngoc Thang, Tran; Quang Minh, Bui; Van Du, Cao 2016-01-01 In this study, the performance of poly(layered double hydroxides) [poly(LDHs)] beads as an adsorbent for arsenate removal from aqueous solution was investigated. The poly(LDHs) beads were prepared by immobilizing LDHs into spherical alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-glutaraldehyde beads (spherical polymer beads). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to assess the effect of contact time, solution pH, initial arsenate concentrations and co-existing anions on arsenate removal performance. The potential reuse of these poly(LDHs) beads was also investigated. Approximately 79.1 to 91.2% of arsenic was removed from an arsenate solution (50 mg As L(-1)) by poly(LDHs). The adsorption data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption capacities of these poly(LDHs) beads at pH 8 were from 1.64 to 1.73 mg As g(-1), as calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption ability of the poly(LDHs) beads decreased by approximately 5-6% after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles. Phosphates markedly decreased arsenate removal. The effect of co-existing anions on the adsorption capacity declined in the following order: HPO4 (2-) > HCO3 (-) > SO4 (2-) > Cl(-). A fixed-bed column study was conducted with real-life arsenic-containing water. The breakthrough time was found to be from 7 to 10 h. Under optimized conditions, the poly(LDHs) removed more than 82% of total arsenic. The results obtained in this study will be useful for further extending the adsorbents to the field scale or for designing pilot plants in future studies. From the viewpoint of environmental friendliness, the poly(LDHs) beads are a potential cost-effective adsorbent for arsenate removal in water treatment. PMID:26818806 6. Microfluidic immunomagnetic multi-target sorting – a model for controlling deflection of paramagnetic beads OpenAIRE Tsai, S S H; Griffiths, I. M.; Stone, H. A. 2012-01-01 We describe a microfluidic system that uses a magnetic field to sort paramagnetic beads by deflecting them in the direction normal to the flow. Our experiments systematically study the dependence of the beads’ deflection on: bead size and susceptibility, magnet strength, fluid speed and viscosity, and device geometry. We also develop a design parameter that can aid in the design of microfluidic devices for immunomagnetic multi-target sorting. 7. Poly(GMA/MA/MBAA) Copolymer Beads: a Highly Efficient Support Immobilizing Penicillin G Acylase Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Ping XUE; Guan Zhong LU; Wan Yi LIU 2006-01-01 The hydrophilic, macroporous and beaded ternary copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/methacrylamide(MA)/N,N'-methylene-bis(acrylamide)(MBAA)was synthesized using the industrial agents by inverse suspension polymerization. The apparent activity of the immobilized penicillin G acylase reached 1096 IU/g for hydrolysis penicillin G on the beads with diameter of 0.11-0.13 mm, and it changed hardly after 50 cycles. It can be expected to be a good potential in industrial application. 8. Effect of welding parameters of Gas Metal Arc welding on weld bead geometry: A Review Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Pushp Kumar Baghel 2012-07-01 Full Text Available Weld quality comprises bead geometry and its microstructure, which influence the mechanical properties of the weld. This brief review illustrates the effect of pulse parameters on weld quality. The responsefactors, namely bead penetration, weld width, reinforcement height, weld penetration shape factor and weld reinforcement form factor as affected by arc voltage, wire feed rate, welding speed, gas flow rate and nozzle-toplate distance has also been analysed 9. EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF DRAW—BEAD RESTRAINING FORCE IN SHEET METAL FORMING Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) J.H.Yang; J.Chen; 等 2003-01-01 Due to complexities of draw-bead restraining force calculated according to theory and depending on sheet metal forming properties experiment testing system,a simplified method to calculate draw-bead restraining force is put forward by experimental method in cup-shaped drawing process.The experimental results were compared with numer-ical results and proved agreement.It shows the method is effective. 10. Archaeometric study of glass beads from the 2nd century BC cemetery of Numantia OpenAIRE García Heras, Manuel; Rincoón López, Jesús M.; Alfredo JIMENO MARTÍNEZ; Villegas Broncano, María Angeles 2003-01-01 Recent archaeologícalf ieldwork undertaken in the Celtiberian cremation necropolis of Numantia (Soria, Spain) has provided a group of glass beads from the 2nd century BC. Such glass beads were part, together with other metallic and ceramic items, of the offerings deposited with the dead. They are ring-shaped in typology and deep-blue, amber, or semitransparent white in colour. This paper reports results derived from the chemical and microstructural characterization carried out on a representa... 11. Separably injective Banach spaces CERN Document Server Avilés, Antonio; Castillo, Jesús M F; González, Manuel; Moreno, Yolanda 2016-01-01 This monograph contains a detailed exposition of the up-to-date theory of separably injective spaces: new and old results are put into perspective with concrete examples (such as l∞/c0 and C(K) spaces, where K is a finite height compact space or an F-space, ultrapowers of L∞ spaces and spaces of universal disposition). It is no exaggeration to say that the theory of separably injective Banach spaces is strikingly different from that of injective spaces. For instance, separably injective Banach spaces are not necessarily isometric to, or complemented subspaces of, spaces of continuous functions on a compact space. Moreover, in contrast to the scarcity of examples and general results concerning injective spaces, we know of many different types of separably injective spaces and there is a rich theory around them. The monograph is completed with a preparatory chapter on injective spaces, a chapter on higher cardinal versions of separable injectivity and a lively discussion of open problems and further lines o... 12. Perceptions of injections International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Based on interviews with experts in the petroleum and natural gas exploration industry and results of a workshop insight is given into the attitudes, opinions and perceptions on the possibility to store wastes from the exploration activities in the deep underground, e.g. by means of injection. In a separate report a comparison is made on injection and other waste processing options 13. Spin injection into semiconductors Science.gov (United States) Oestreich, M.; Hübner, J.; Hägele, D.; Klar, P. J.; Heimbrodt, W.; Rühle, W. W.; Ashenford, D. E.; Lunn, B. 1999-03-01 The injection of spin-polarized electrons is presently one of the major challenges in semiconductor spin electronics. We propose and demonstrate a most efficient spin injection using diluted magnetic semiconductors as spin aligners. Time-resolved photoluminescence with a Cd0.98Mn0.02Te/CdTe structure proves the feasibility of the spin-alignment mechanism. 14. [Intra-articular injections]. Science.gov (United States) Chapelle, Ch 2015-09-01 It is not unusual for a specialist or general practitioner to be presented with a pathology which necessitates the use of an intra-articular injection of corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid or a local anaesthetic. It would seem to be interesting to update and to precise the techniques and methods of intraarticular injections which have appeared in recent international publications, when we know that 30 % of the injections given into the knee and so called "dry" are incorrect and, therefore, inefficient. The indication of an articular injection depends, firstly, on the diagnosis which should be done with great care; after which should be an objective analysis complete with secondary effects linked to both the injection and the product used. The conditions of asepsis, the choice of needles and quantities of the injection and even the ways of the injections should be reviewed in detail. The last studies clearly question the secondary effects of the cartilage degradations of the cortisone given as an intra-articular injection and shows its efficiency on the pain and inflammatory phenomonen in osteoarthritis. Studies on hyaluronic acid are often contradictory going from a modest result to an important pain relief but it is necessary to be aware that the objective criteria are difficult to interpret. The use of local anaesthetics in intra-articular is limited by the few indications in view of the major risk of aggravating the pre-existing lesions by the disappearing signs of pain. 15. Self-assembled magnetic bead chains for sensitivity enhancement of microfluidic electrochemical biosensor platforms. Science.gov (United States) Armbrecht, L; Dincer, C; Kling, A; Horak, J; Kieninger, J; Urban, G 2015-11-21 In this paper, we present a novel approach to enhance the sensitivity of microfluidic biosensor platforms with self-assembled magnetic bead chains. An adjustable, more than 5-fold sensitivity enhancement is achieved by introducing a magnetic field gradient along a microfluidic channel by means of a soft-magnetic lattice with a 350 μm spacing. The alternating magnetic field induces the self-assembly of the magnetic beads in chains or clusters and thus improves the perfusion and active contact between the analyte and the beads. The soft-magnetic lattices can be applied independent of the channel geometry or chip material to any microfluidic biosensing platform. At the same time, the bead-based approach achieves chip reusability and shortened measurement times. The bead chain properties and the maximum flow velocity for bead retention were validated by optical microscopy in a glass capillary. The magnetic actuation system was successfully validated with a biotin-streptavidin model assay on a low-cost electrochemical microfluidic chip, fabricated by dry-film photoresist technology (DFR). Labelling with glucose oxidase (GOx) permits rapid electrochemical detection of enzymatically produced H2O2. PMID:26394820 16. Adsorption of ochratoxin A from grape juice by yeast cells immobilised in calcium alginate beads. Science.gov (United States) Farbo, Maria Grazia; Urgeghe, Pietro Paolo; Fiori, Stefano; Marceddu, Salvatore; Jaoua, Samir; Migheli, Quirico 2016-01-18 Grape juice can be easily contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the known mycotoxins with the greatest public health significance. Among the different approaches to decontaminate juice from this mycotoxin, microbiological methods proved efficient, inexpensive and safe, particularly the use of yeast or yeast products. To ascertain whether immobilisation of the yeast biomass would lead to successful decontamination, alginate beads encapsulating Candida intermedia yeast cells were used in our experiments to evaluate their OTA-biosorption efficacy. Magnetic calcium alginate beads were also prepared by adding magnetite in the formulation to allow fast removal from the aqueous solution with a magnet. Calcium alginate beads were added to commercial grape juice spiked with 20 μg/kg OTA and after 48 h of incubation a significant reduction (>80%), of the total OTA content was achieved, while in the subsequent phases (72-120 h) OTA was slowly released into the grape juice by alginate beads. Biosorption properties of alginate-yeast beads were tested in a prototype bioreactor consisting in a glass chromatography column packed with beads, where juice amended with OTA was slowly flowed downstream. The adoption of an interconnected scaled-up bioreactor as an efficient and safe tool to remove traces of OTA from liquid matrices is discussed. PMID:26485316 17. “Nanofiltration” Enabled by Super-Absorbent Polymer Beads for Concentrating Microorganisms in Water Samples Science.gov (United States) Xie, Xing; Bahnemann, Janina; Wang, Siwen; Yang, Yang; Hoffmann, Michael R. 2016-02-01 Detection and quantification of pathogens in water is critical for the protection of human health and for drinking water safety and security. When the pathogen concentrations are low, large sample volumes (several liters) are needed to achieve reliable quantitative results. However, most microbial identification methods utilize relatively small sample volumes. As a consequence, a concentration step is often required to detect pathogens in natural waters. Herein, we introduce a novel water sample concentration method based on superabsorbent polymer (SAP) beads. When SAP beads swell with water, small molecules can be sorbed within the beads, but larger particles are excluded and, thus, concentrated in the residual non-sorbed water. To illustrate this approach, millimeter-sized poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) (P(AM-co-IA)) beads are synthesized and successfully applied to concentrate water samples containing two model microorganisms: Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS2. Experimental results indicate that the size of the water channel within water swollen P(AM-co-IA) hydrogel beads is on the order of several nanometers. The millimeter size coupled with a negative surface charge of the beads are shown to be critical in order to achieve high levels of concentration. This new concentration procedure is very fast, effective, scalable, and low-cost with no need for complex instrumentation. 18. An investigation into the suitability of amidated pectin hydrogel beads as a delivery matrix for chloroquine. Science.gov (United States) Munjeri, O; Hodza, P; Osim, E E; Musabayane, C T 1998-08-01 The aim of the present study was to delay the release of chloroquine to distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract by using a multiparticulate hydrogel formulation. Amidated pectin chloroquine beads (PC) with varying pectin-to-chloroquine ratios (PC) w/w loadings of 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1 in the dried beads were prepared by the gelation of drug-loaded pectin solutions in the presence of calcium. In vitro release studies of chloroquine from pectin-chloroquine hydrogel beads and chloroquine diphosphate powder were carried out in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The total release of the entrapped chloroquine from the hydrogel beads was achieved between 4 and 7 h in simulated intestinal fluid, but total release was not achieved in simulated gastric fluid. However, total release from chloroquine diphosphate powder was achieved by 1.5 and 2 h in gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively. The plasma pharmacokinetics of chloroquine from pectin hydrogel beads and chloroquine diphosphate solution following single or repeated dosing were compared in male Sprague-Dawley rats over a period of 60 h. Oral administration of the hyrogel beads to rats produced maximum plasma concentrations by 7 h, but highest plasma concentrations following chloroquine solution administration were observed by 2 h. The dissolution data and appearance of significant plasma concentrations of chloroquine 2 to 4 h after oral administration suggests release in duodenum, jejunum, or ileum. 19. Tamarind seed polysaccharide-gellan mucoadhesive beads for controlled release of metformin HCl. Science.gov (United States) Nayak, Amit Kumar; Pal, Dilipkumar; Santra, Kousik 2014-03-15 The paper describes the development, optimization and evaluation of tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP)-blended gellan gum (GG) mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl through Ca(2+)-ion cross-linked ionic gelation for oral drug delivery. Effects of GG to TSP ratio and cross-linker (CaCl2) concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, %), and cumulative drug release after 10h (R10h, %) of TSP-GG mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl were optimized by 32 factorial design. The optimized mucoadhesive beads (F-O) showed DEE of 95.73 ± 4.02%, R10h of 61.22 ± 3.44% and mean diameter of 1.70 ± 0.24 mm.These beads were characterized by SEM and FTIR analyses. The in vitro drug release from these beads showed controlled-release (zero-order) pattern over a period of 10h.The optimized TSP-GG mucoadhesive beads also exhibited pH-dependent swelling, good mucoadhesivity with biological mucosal membrane and significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats over prolonged period after oral administration. 20. Porous bioceramic bead prepared by calcium phosphate with sodium alginate gel and PE powder Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Fu, Y.C. [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (China); Ho, M.L.; Wu, S.C. [Department of Physiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (China); Hsieh, H.S. [Faculty of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (China); Wang, C.K. [Faculty of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (China)], E-mail: ckwang@kmu.edu.tw 2008-08-01 The porous calcium phosphate beads were made by an alginate-interacting Ca ions mechanism on addition of a pore-forming polyethylene (PE) powder at 1250 deg. C sintering. The nature of the powders and porous beads were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and heavy metal analysis by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The porous beads size and the pore microstructure characteristics were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Beside, the porosity analysis was evaluated out using an Archimedes' principle and mercury porosimetry. Then, the sodium ampicillin was penetrated/adsorbed onto calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite porous beads, and was subsequently released in PBS. No matter whether the raw material was HAp, TCP or biphase, the Ca{sub 9}(HPO{sub 4})(PO{sub 4}){sub 5}OH phase (CDHA) was formed only after sintering. Porous beads of various calcium phosphates with different sizes (0.9-1.1 mm) and pore size groups (60-120 {mu}m and lower than 10 {mu}m) were appeared. The release kinetics of sodium ampicillin from these porous beads have indicated the possibility of using these materials as possible carriers for drug delivery. 1. Chemical surface modification of glass beads for the treatment of paper machine process waters Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Jradi, Khalil, E-mail: khalil.jradi@uqtr.c [Centre de Recherche en Pates et Papiers, Universite du Quebec a Trois Rivieres, 3351 boul. des forges, C.P. 500, Trois Rivieres, QC, G9A-5H7 (Canada); Daneault, Claude [Canada Research Chair in Value-Added Paper Manufacturing (Canada); Chabot, Bruno [Centre de Recherche en Pates et Papiers, Universite du Quebec a Trois Rivieres, 3351 boul. des forges, C.P. 500, Trois Rivieres, QC, G9A-5H7 (Canada) 2011-04-29 Adsorption of detrimental contaminants on a solid sorbent is proposed to remove these contaminants from process waters to increase water recycling and reduce effluent loads in the papermaking industry. A self-assembly process of attaching (covalent grafting) cationic aminosilane molecules to glass beads was investigated. The existence and the hydrolytic stability of self-assembled monolayers and multilayers were confirmed by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Effects of reaction time and curing on aminosilane layer structures are also discussed. The curing step after silanization seems to be crucial in the hydrophobization of the quaternary ammonium silane coated onto glass beads, and curing could affect the final chemical structure of the ammonium groups of grafted organosilane. Results indicated that modified glass beads have a strong hydrophobicity, which is attributed to the hydrophobic property of the longest carbon chain grafted onto the glass surface. Adsorption of a model contaminant (stearic acid) onto chemically modified glass beads was determined using colloidal titration. Hydrophobic interactions could be the main driving force involved between the long carbon chains of stearic acid and the carbon chains of the aminosilane layers on glass bead surfaces. Finally, self-assembly processes applied onto glass beads may have two promising applications for papermaking and self-cleaning systems. 2. Chemical surface modification of glass beads for the treatment of paper machine process waters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Adsorption of detrimental contaminants on a solid sorbent is proposed to remove these contaminants from process waters to increase water recycling and reduce effluent loads in the papermaking industry. A self-assembly process of attaching (covalent grafting) cationic aminosilane molecules to glass beads was investigated. The existence and the hydrolytic stability of self-assembled monolayers and multilayers were confirmed by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Effects of reaction time and curing on aminosilane layer structures are also discussed. The curing step after silanization seems to be crucial in the hydrophobization of the quaternary ammonium silane coated onto glass beads, and curing could affect the final chemical structure of the ammonium groups of grafted organosilane. Results indicated that modified glass beads have a strong hydrophobicity, which is attributed to the hydrophobic property of the longest carbon chain grafted onto the glass surface. Adsorption of a model contaminant (stearic acid) onto chemically modified glass beads was determined using colloidal titration. Hydrophobic interactions could be the main driving force involved between the long carbon chains of stearic acid and the carbon chains of the aminosilane layers on glass bead surfaces. Finally, self-assembly processes applied onto glass beads may have two promising applications for papermaking and self-cleaning systems. 3. Preservation of viability and antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus spp. in calcium alginate beads. Science.gov (United States) Brachkova, Mariya I; Duarte, Maria A; Pinto, João F 2010-12-23 The objective of the study was to produce calcium alginate beads able to deliver Lactobacillus spp. (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus lactis) with preserved viability and antibacterial activity. Four types of beads, containing entrapped (E), surface and entrapped (ES), surface (S) and concentrated surface and entrapped lactobacilli (C(ES)) were prepared and physically characterized. The antibacterial activity of lactobacilli cultures before and after immobilization, freeze-drying and throughout storage was studied in relationship to the viable number of lactobacilli. Multi-resistant clinical isolates (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycine-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, VIM-2-metalo-β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CTX-M-15-β-lactamase producing strains: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were used as indicator strains. Alginate beads in which lactobacilli proliferated to the beads surface (ES and C(ES)) differed significantly from the other types of beads in their physicochemical properties, showing smoother surface morphology, more spherical shape, bigger weight, lower calcium content, density and crushing force. Lactobacilli cultures, at high cell concentrations (10(8)cfu/ml) were active against both Gram-positive and negative multi-resistant bacteria. Beads containing both entrapped and surface lactobacilli (ES) resulted in viability and antibacterial activity most similar to non-processed lactobacilli cultures. The viability and antibacterial activity of the immobilized lactobacilli remained stable after 6 months storage. 4. Blends of jackfruit seed starch-pectin in the development of mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl. Science.gov (United States) Nayak, Amit Kumar; Pal, Dilipkumar 2013-11-01 In this work, calcium pectinate-jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) seed starch (JFSS) mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl were developed through ionotropic-gelation. Effects of pectin and JFSS amounts on drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE), and cumulative drug release after 10 h (R10 h) were optimized using 3(2) factorial design. The optimized calcium pectinate-JFSS beads containing metformin HCl showed DEE of 94.11 ± 3.92%, R10 h of 48.88 ± 2.02%, and mean diameter of 2.06 ± 0.20 mm. The in vitro drug release from these beads was followed controlled-release (zero-order) pattern with super case-II transport mechanism. The beads were also characterized by SEM and FTIR. The pH of test mediums was found critical for swelling and mucoadhesion of these beads. The optimized calcium pectinate-JFSS beads also exhibited good mucoadhesivity and significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats over prolonged period after oral administration. PMID:23994792 5. Formulation optimization and evaluation of jackfruit seed starch-alginate mucoadhesive beads of metformin HCl. Science.gov (United States) Nayak, Amit Kumar; Pal, Dilipkumar 2013-08-01 The present study deals with the formulation optimization of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., family: Moraceae) seed starch (JFSS)-alginate mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl through ionotropic gelation using 3(2) factorial design. The effect of sodium alginate to JFSS ratio and CaCl2 concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, %), and cumulative drug release at 10h (R10h, %) was optimized. The optimized beads containing metformin HCl showed DEE of 97.48±3.92%, R10h of 65.70±2.22%, and mean diameter of 1.16±0.11mm. The in vitro drug release from these beads was followed controlled-release (zero-order) pattern with super case-II transport mechanism. The beads were also characterized by SEM and FTIR. The swelling and degradation of these beads were influenced by pH of the test medium. The optimized beads also exhibited good mucoadhesivity and significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats over prolonged period after oral administration. PMID:23628586 6. Artocarpus heterophyllus L. seed starch-blended gellan gum mucoadhesive beads of metformin HCl. Science.gov (United States) Nayak, Amit Kumar; Pal, Dilipkumar; Santra, Kousik 2014-04-01 Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., family: Moraceae) seed starch (JFSS)-gellan gum (GG) mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl were developed through ionotropic gelation technique. The effect of GG to JFSS ratio and CaCl2 concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release at 10h (R10h, %) was optimized and analyzed using response surface methodology based on 3(2) factorial design. The optimized JFSS-GG beads containing metformin HCl showed DEE of 92.67±4.46%, R10h of 61.30±2.37%, and mean diameter of 1.67±0.27 mm. The optimized beads showed pH-dependent swelling and mucoadhesivity with the goat intestinal mucosa. The in vitro drug release from all these JFSS-GG beads containing metformin HCl was followed zero-order pattern (R(2)=0.9907-0.9975) with super case-II transport mechanism over a period of 10 h. The beads were also characterized by SEM and FTIR. The optimized JFSS-GG beads containing metformin HCl exhibited significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats over prolonged period after oral administration. PMID:24447799 7. "Nanofiltration" Enabled by Super-Absorbent Polymer Beads for Concentrating Microorganisms in Water Samples. Science.gov (United States) Xie, Xing; Bahnemann, Janina; Wang, Siwen; Yang, Yang; Hoffmann, Michael R 2016-01-01 Detection and quantification of pathogens in water is critical for the protection of human health and for drinking water safety and security. When the pathogen concentrations are low, large sample volumes (several liters) are needed to achieve reliable quantitative results. However, most microbial identification methods utilize relatively small sample volumes. As a consequence, a concentration step is often required to detect pathogens in natural waters. Herein, we introduce a novel water sample concentration method based on superabsorbent polymer (SAP) beads. When SAP beads swell with water, small molecules can be sorbed within the beads, but larger particles are excluded and, thus, concentrated in the residual non-sorbed water. To illustrate this approach, millimeter-sized poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) (P(AM-co-IA)) beads are synthesized and successfully applied to concentrate water samples containing two model microorganisms: Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS2. Experimental results indicate that the size of the water channel within water swollen P(AM-co-IA) hydrogel beads is on the order of several nanometers. The millimeter size coupled with a negative surface charge of the beads are shown to be critical in order to achieve high levels of concentration. This new concentration procedure is very fast, effective, scalable, and low-cost with no need for complex instrumentation. PMID:26876979 8. Porous bead-on-string poly(lactic acid) fibrous membranes for air filtration. Science.gov (United States) Wang, Zhe; Zhao, Chuchu; Pan, Zhijuan 2015-03-01 Porous bead-on-string poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibrous membranes (NMs) were fabricated by electrospinning, and the formation mechanism of the membranes was determined in this study. The PLA fibrous morphology, including the fiber diameter, bead size, number of beads, and surface structure of the beads, could be closely controlled by regulating the solvent compositions and the concentrations of the PLA solutions. The filtration performance, which was evaluated by measuring the penetration of sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol particles with an average diameter of 260nm, indicated that the filtration efficiency and pressure drop for the resultant PLA membranes could be manipulated by modifying the morphology of the fibers. Moderate bead size and quantity contribute to the low pressure drop, and small fiber diameters and nanopores on the beads were conducive to high filtration efficiency. Furthermore, the NM formed from a 5 wt% solution and a solvent mixture containing dichloromethane (DCM)/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) in a 10/1 ratio of PLA by weight exhibited excellent filtration efficiency (99.997%) and a low pressure drop (165.3 Pa), which are promising characteristics for the membranes' application as filters for respiratory protection, indoor air purification, and other filtration applications. PMID:25499733 9. Formulation optimization and evaluation of jackfruit seed starch-alginate mucoadhesive beads of metformin HCl. Science.gov (United States) Nayak, Amit Kumar; Pal, Dilipkumar 2013-08-01 The present study deals with the formulation optimization of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., family: Moraceae) seed starch (JFSS)-alginate mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl through ionotropic gelation using 3(2) factorial design. The effect of sodium alginate to JFSS ratio and CaCl2 concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, %), and cumulative drug release at 10h (R10h, %) was optimized. The optimized beads containing metformin HCl showed DEE of 97.48±3.92%, R10h of 65.70±2.22%, and mean diameter of 1.16±0.11mm. The in vitro drug release from these beads was followed controlled-release (zero-order) pattern with super case-II transport mechanism. The beads were also characterized by SEM and FTIR. The swelling and degradation of these beads were influenced by pH of the test medium. The optimized beads also exhibited good mucoadhesivity and significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats over prolonged period after oral administration. 10. Artocarpus heterophyllus L. seed starch-blended gellan gum mucoadhesive beads of metformin HCl. Science.gov (United States) Nayak, Amit Kumar; Pal, Dilipkumar; Santra, Kousik 2014-04-01 Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., family: Moraceae) seed starch (JFSS)-gellan gum (GG) mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl were developed through ionotropic gelation technique. The effect of GG to JFSS ratio and CaCl2 concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, %) and cumulative drug release at 10h (R10h, %) was optimized and analyzed using response surface methodology based on 3(2) factorial design. The optimized JFSS-GG beads containing metformin HCl showed DEE of 92.67±4.46%, R10h of 61.30±2.37%, and mean diameter of 1.67±0.27 mm. The optimized beads showed pH-dependent swelling and mucoadhesivity with the goat intestinal mucosa. The in vitro drug release from all these JFSS-GG beads containing metformin HCl was followed zero-order pattern (R(2)=0.9907-0.9975) with super case-II transport mechanism over a period of 10 h. The beads were also characterized by SEM and FTIR. The optimized JFSS-GG beads containing metformin HCl exhibited significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats over prolonged period after oral administration. 11. Wax beads as cushioning agents during the compression of coated diltiazem pellets. Science.gov (United States) Vergote, G J; Kiekens, F; Vervaet, C; Remon, J P 2002-11-01 Placebo particles were mixed with film-coated diltiazem pellets to evaluate them as cushioning agents during tabletting in order to protect the film coat from damage. The cushioning properties of alpha-lactose monohydrate granules, microcrystalline cellulose pellets and wax/starch beads were evaluated by comparing the dissolution profile of the coated pellets before and after compression (compression force 10 kN). Only the tablet formulations containing wax/starch beads provided protection to the film coat. However, the dissolution rate of tablets formulated with waxy maltodextrin/paraffinic wax placebo beads was too slow as the tablets did not disintegrate. Adding 50% (w/w) drum-dried corn starch/Explotab/paraffinic wax beads to the formulation was the optimal amount of cushioning beads to provide sufficient protection for the film coat and yield disintegrating tablets. Using a compression simulator, the effect of precompression force and compression time on the dissolution rate was found to be insignificant. The diametral crushing strength of tablets containing 50% (w/w) drum-dried corn starch/Explotab/paraffinic wax beads was about 25.0 N (+/-0.3 N), with a friability of 0.4% (+/-0.04%). This study demonstrates that adding deformable wax pellets minimizes the damage to film-coated pellets during compression. 12. Floating mucoadhesive alginate beads of amoxicillin trihydrate: A facile approach for H. pylori eradication. Science.gov (United States) Dey, Sanjoy Kumar; De, Pintu Kumar; De, Arnab; Ojha, Souvik; De, Ronita; Mukhopadhyay, Asish Kumar; Samanta, Amalesh 2016-08-01 This study investigates the design of sunflower oil entrapped floating and mucoadhesive beads of amoxicillin trihydrate using sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as matrix polymers and chitosan as coating polymer to localize the antibiotic at the stomach site against Helicobacter pylori. Beads prepared by ionotropic gellation technique were evaluated for different physicochemical, in-vitro and in-vivo properties. Beads of all batches were floated for >24h with a maximum lag time of 46.3±3.2s. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the beads were spherical in shape with few oil filled channels distributed throughout the surfaces and small pocket structures inside the matrix confirming oil entrapment. Prepared beads showed good mucoadhesiveness of 75.7±3.0% to 85.0±5.5%. The drug release profile was best fitted to Higuchi model with non fickian driven mechanism. The optimized batch showed 100% Helicobacter pylori growth inhibition in 15h in in-vitro culture. Furthermore, X-ray study in rabbit stomach confirmed the gastric retention of optimized formulation. The results exhibited that formulated beads may be preferred to localize the antibiotic in the gastric region to allow more availability of antibiotic at gastric mucus layer acting on Helicobacter pylori, thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy. PMID:27177460 13. Radiation synthesis of chitosan beads grafted with acrylic acid for metal ions sorption Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Benamer, S., E-mail: benamers@yahoo.fr [Division of Nuclear Applications, Centre de Recherche Nucleaire d' Alger, BP-399 Alger-Gare (Algeria); Mahlous, M.; Tahtat, D.; Nacer-Khodja, A.; Arabi, M. [Division of Nuclear Applications, Centre de Recherche Nucleaire d' Alger, BP-399 Alger-Gare (Algeria); Lounici, H.; Mameri, N. [Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d' El-Harrach Alger (Algeria) 2011-12-15 Radiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid onto chitosan beads was performed in solution at a dose rate of 20.6 Gy/min of cobalt-60 gamma rays. The effect of absorbed dose on grafting yield was investigated. The characterization of the grafted material was performed by FTIR spectroscopy and the swelling measurements at different pHs. The grafting yield increased with the increase in dose, it reached 80% at 40 kGy irradiation dose. The removal of Pb and Cd ions from aqueous solutions was investigated with both ungrafted and grafted chitosan beads. The sorption behavior of the sorbents was examined through pH, kinetics and equilibrium measurements. Grafted chitosan beads presented higher sorption capacity for both metal ions than unmodified chitosan beads. - Highlights: > Pb and Cd ions are removed from aqueous solution by adsorption on chitosan beads. > Crosslinking process improves chemical stability of chitosan beads. > Radiation grafting of acrylic acid onto chitosan improves its metal adsorption capacity. > Increase in grafting degree enhances the adsorption capacity of the material. > Gamma radiation is a powerful tool for an accurate control of the grafting yield. 14. Radiation synthesis of chitosan beads grafted with acrylic acid for metal ions sorption International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Radiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid onto chitosan beads was performed in solution at a dose rate of 20.6 Gy/min of cobalt-60 gamma rays. The effect of absorbed dose on grafting yield was investigated. The characterization of the grafted material was performed by FTIR spectroscopy and the swelling measurements at different pHs. The grafting yield increased with the increase in dose, it reached 80% at 40 kGy irradiation dose. The removal of Pb and Cd ions from aqueous solutions was investigated with both ungrafted and grafted chitosan beads. The sorption behavior of the sorbents was examined through pH, kinetics and equilibrium measurements. Grafted chitosan beads presented higher sorption capacity for both metal ions than unmodified chitosan beads. - Highlights: → Pb and Cd ions are removed from aqueous solution by adsorption on chitosan beads. → Crosslinking process improves chemical stability of chitosan beads. → Radiation grafting of acrylic acid onto chitosan improves its metal adsorption capacity. → Increase in grafting degree enhances the adsorption capacity of the material. → Gamma radiation is a powerful tool for an accurate control of the grafting yield. 15. Theoretical study of in-plane response of magnetic field sensor to magnetic beads in an in-plane homogeneous field DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Damsgaard, Christian Danvad; Hansen, Mikkel Fougt 2008-01-01 are derived such that the sensor response and its dependence on the sensor size, spacer layer thickness, bead diameter, and bead susceptibility can easily be evaluated. The average magnetic field from a single bead close to the sensor shows a strong dependence on the position of the bead and a change of sign...... when the bead passes the edge of the sensor in the direction of the applied field. Analytical approximations are derived for the average field from a homogeneous monolayer of beads for beads much smaller than the sensor dimension and for a bead size chosen to minimize the position sensitivity......We present a systematic theoretical study of the average in-plane magnetic field on square and rectangular magnetic field sensors from a single magnetic bead and a monolayer of magnetic beads magnetized by an in-plane externally applied homogeneous magnetic field. General theoretical expressions... 16. Magnetic Bead Based Immunoassay for Autonomous Detection of Toxins Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kwon, Y; Hara, C A; Knize, M G; Hwang, M H; Venkatesteswaran, K S; Wheeler, E K; Bell, P M; Renzi, R F; Fruetel, J A; Bailey, C G 2008-05-01 As a step towards toward the development of a rapid, reliable analyzer for bioagents in the environment, we are developing an automated system for the simultaneous detection of a group of select agents and toxins. To detect toxins, we modified and automated an antibody-based approach previously developed for manual medical diagnostics that uses fluorescent eTag{trademark} reporter molecules and is suitable for highly multiplexed assays. Detection is based on two antibodies binding simultaneously to a single antigen, one of which is labeled with biotin while the other is conjugated to a fluorescent eTag{trademark} through a cleavable linkage. Aqueous samples are incubated with the mixture of antibodies along with streptavidin-coated magnetic beads coupled to a photo-activatable porphyrin complex. In the presence of antigen, a molecular complex is formed where the cleavable linkage is held in proximity to the photoactivable group. Upon excitation at 680 nm, free radicals are generated, which diffuse and cleave the linkage, releasing the eTags{trademark}. Released eTags{trademark} are analyzed using capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Limits of detection for ovalbumin and botulinum toxoid individually were 4 ng/mL (or 80 pg) and 16 ng/mL (or 320 pg), respectively, using the manual assay. In addition, we demonstrated the use of pairs of antibodies from different sources in a single assay to decrease the rate of false positives. Automation of the assay was demonstrated on a flow-through format with higher LODs of 125 ng/mL (or 2.5 ng) each of a mixture of ovalbumin and botulinum toxoid. This versatile assay can be easily modified with the appropriate antibodies to detect a wide range of toxins and other proteins. 17. Development of a novel ultra cryo-milling technique for a poorly water-soluble drug using dry ice beads and liquid nitrogen. Science.gov (United States) Sugimoto, Shohei; Niwa, Toshiyuki; Nakanishi, Yasuo; Danjo, Kazumi 2012-04-15 A novel ultra cryo-milling micronization technique has been established using dry ice beads and liquid nitrogen (LN2). Drug particles were co-suspended with dry ice beads in LN2 and ground by stirring. Dry ice beads were prepared by storing dry ice pellets in LN2. A poorly water-soluble drug, phenytoin, was micronized more efficiently using either dry ice beads or zirconia beads compared to jet milling. Dry ice beads retained their granular shape without pulverizing and sublimating in LN2 as the milling operation progressed. Longer milling times produced smaller-sized phenytoin particles. The agitation speed for milling was optimized. Analysis of the glass transition temperature revealed that phenytoin particles co-ground with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by dry ice milling were crystalline, whereas a planetary ball-milled mixtures process with zirconia beads contained the amorphous form. The dissolution rate of phenytoin milled with PVP using dry ice beads or zirconia beads was significantly improved compared to jet-milled phenytoin or the physical mixture. Dry ice beads together with LN2 were spontaneously sublimated at ambient condition after milling. Thus, the yield was significantly improved by dry ice beads compared to zirconia beads since the loss arisen from adhering to the surface of dry ice beads could be completely avoided, resulting in about 85-90% of recovery. In addition, compounds milled using dry ice beads are free from abraded contaminating material originating from the beads and internal vessel wall. PMID:22266538 18. Analysis of surface properties of human cancer cells using derivatized beads. Science.gov (United States) Khurrum, Maria R; Weerasinghe, Gayani R; Soriano, Evelyn S; Riman, Rashad; Badali, Oliver; Gipson, Stephanie; Medina, Jessica; Alfaro, Juan; Navarro, Vanessa M; Harieg, Caroline B; Ngo, Lylla; Sakhakorn, Tharinee; Kirszenbaum, Lital; Khatibi, David; Abedi, Karolin; Barajas, Marcela; Zem, Gregory C; Kirszenbaum, Adit; Razi, Arash; Oppenheimer, Steven B 2002-01-01 Standard histochemical analysis of cells and tissues generally involves procedures that utilize a relatively small number of probes such as dyes, and generally requires hours or days to process. Our laboratory has developed a novel method for histochemical surveys of cell surface properties that utilizes a large number of probes (derivatized agarose beads) and takes seconds or minutes to accomplish. In this study, 4 human cell lines (CCL-255 (LS123) human colon cancer cells that are non-tumorigenic in nude mice; CRL-1459 (CCD-18CO) human colon endothelial cells that are non-malignant; CCL-220 (COLO 320DM) human colon cancer cells that are tumorigenic in nude mice; and HTB-171 (NCI H446) human lung carcinoma cells) were tested for their ability to bind to agarose beads derivatized with 51 different molecules. There were statistically significant differences in binding of the 4 cell types to all of the 51 types of beads, but 15 types of beads showed dramatic differences in binding to one or more of the 4 cell types. For example, only HTB-171 (NCI H446) bound to p-aminophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-derivatized beads and only CCL-220 (COLO 320DM) bound to L-tyrosine-derivatized beads. The specificity of cell-bead binding was examined by performing assays in the presence or absence of exogenously added compounds in hapten-type of inhibition experiments. This assay, that utilizes large numbers of novel probes, may help in the development of new libraries of surface properties of specific cell types, with differing degrees of malignancy, that at this time could not be developed by using other available technologies. PMID:12389735 19. Elemental analysis of bead samples using a laser-induced plasma at low pressure International Nuclear Information System (INIS) An Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 8 ns, 30 mJ) was focused on various types of fresh, fossilized white coral and giant shell samples, including samples of imitation shell and marble. Such samples are extremely important as material for preparing prayer beads that are extensively used in the Buddhist faith. The aim of this research was to develop a non-destructive method to distinguish original beads from their imitations by means of spectral measurements of the carbon, hydrogen, sodium and magnesium emission intensities and by measuring the hardness of the sample using the ratio between Ca (II) 396.8 nm and Ca (I) 422.6 nm. Based on these measurements, original fresh coral beads can be distinguished from any imitation made from hard wood. The same technique was also effective in distinguishing beads made of shell from its imitation. A spectral analysis of bead was also performed on a fossilized white coral sample and the result can be used to distinguish to some extent the fossilized white coral beads from any imitation made from marble. It was also found that the plasma plume should be generated at low ambient pressure to significantly improve the hydrogen and carbon emission intensity and also to avoid energy loss inside the crater during laser irradiation at atmospheric pressure. The results of this study confirm that operating the laser-induced plasma spectroscopy at reduced ambient pressure offers distinct advantage for bead analysis over the conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique operated at atmospheric pressure 20. Development of Expanded Thermoplastic Polyurethane Bead Foams and Their Sintering Mechanism Science.gov (United States) Hossieny, Nemat Polymer bead foaming technology represents a breakthrough in the production of low density plastic foamed components that have a complex geometrical structure and has helped to expand the market for plastic foams by broadening their applications. In this research, the unique microstructure of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) consisting of phase-separated hard segment (HS) domains dispersed in the soft segment (SS) matrix has been utilized to develop expanded TPU (E-TPU) bead foam with microcellular morphologies and also to create inter-bead sintering into three dimensional products using steam-chest molding machine. The phase-separation and crystallization behavior of the HS chains in the TPU microstructure was systematically studied in the presence of dissolved gases and also by changing the microstructure of TPU by melt-processing and addition of nano-/micro-sized additives. It was observed that the presence of gas improved the phase separation (i.e. crystallization) of HSs and increased the overall crystallinity of the TPU. It was also shown that by utilizing the HS crystalline domains, the overall foaming behavior of TPU (i.e. cell nucleation and expansion ratio) can be significantly improved. Moreover, the HS crystalline domains can be effective for both sintering of the beads as well strengthening the individual beads to improve the property of the moulded part. It was also observed that unlike other polymer bead foaming technologies, the E-TPU bead foaming sintering does not require formation of double melting-peak. The original broad melting peak existing in the TPU microstructure due to the wide size distribution of HS crystallites can be effectively utilized for the purpose of sintering as well as maintenance of the overall dimensional stability of the moulded part. 1. Recovery of uranium from phosphoric acid medium by polymeric composite beads encapsulating organophosphorus extractants Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Singh, D.K.; Yadav, K.K.; Varshney, L.; Singh, H. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 (India) 2013-07-01 The present study deals with the preparation and evaluation of the poly-ethersulfone (PES) based composite beads encapsulating synergistic mixture of D2EHPA and Cyanex 923 (at 4:1 mole ratio) for the separation of uranium from phosphoric acid medium. SEM was used for the characterization of the composite materials. Addition of 1% PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) improved the internal morphology and porosity of the beads. Additionally, microscopic examination of the composite bead confirmed central coconut type cavity surrounded by porous polymer layer of the beads through which exchange of metal ions take place. Effect of various experimental variables including aqueous acidity, metal ion concentration in aqueous feed, concentration of organic extractant inside the beads, extractant to polymer ratio, liquid to solid (L/S) ratio and temperature on the extraction of uranium was studied. Increase in acidity (1-6 M), L/S ratio (1- 10), metal ion concentration (0.2-3 g/L U{sub 3}O{sub 8}) and polymer to extractant ratio (1:4 -1:10) led to decrease in extraction of uranium. At 5.5 M (comparable to wet process phosphoric acid concentration) the extraction of uranium was about 85% at L/S ratio 5. Increase in extractant concentration inside the bead resulted in enhanced extraction of metal ion. Increase in temperature in the range of 30 to 50 Celsius degrees increased the extraction, whereas further increase to 70 C degrees led to the decrease in extraction of uranium. Amongst various reagents tested, stripping of uranium was quantitative by 12% Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} solution. Polymeric beads were found to be stable and reusable up-to 10 cycles of extraction/stripping. (authors) 2. Botulinum toxin injection - larynx Science.gov (United States) Injection laryngoplasty; Botox-larynx: spasmodic dysphonia-BTX; Essential voice tremor (EVT)-btx; Glottic insufficiency; Percutaneous electromyography-guided botulinum toxin treatment; Percutaneous indirect laryngoscopy-guided botulinum toxin Treatment; ... 3. Mouse bladder wall injection. Science.gov (United States) Fu, Chi-Ling; Apelo, Charity A; Torres, Baldemar; Thai, Kim H; Hsieh, Michael H 2011-07-12 Mouse bladder wall injection is a useful technique to orthotopically study bladder phenomena, including stem cell, smooth muscle, and cancer biology. Before starting injections, the surgical area must be cleaned with soap and water and antiseptic solution. Surgical equipment must be sterilized before use and between each animal. Each mouse is placed under inhaled isoflurane anesthesia (2-5% for induction, 1-3% for maintenance) and its bladder exposed by making a midline abdominal incision with scissors. If the bladder is full, it is partially decompressed by gentle squeezing between two fingers. The cell suspension of interest is intramurally injected into the wall of the bladder dome using a 29 or 30 gauge needle and 1 cc or smaller syringe. The wound is then closed using wound clips and the mouse allowed to recover on a warming pad. Bladder wall injection is a delicate microsurgical technique that can be mastered with practice. 4. Epoetin Alfa Injection Science.gov (United States) ... a medication used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epoetin alfa injection is also used before and ... record book.If you are being treated with dialysis (treatment to remove waste from the blood when ... 5. Giving an insulin injection Science.gov (United States) ... medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm Giving an insulin injection To use the sharing features on this ... and syringes. Filling the Syringe - One Type of Insulin Wash your hands with soap and water. Dry ... 6. Iron Dextran Injection Science.gov (United States) ... dextran injection is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia (a lower than normal number of red blood ... pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or ... 7. Sodium Ferric Gluconate Injection Science.gov (United States) ... gluconate injection is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia (a lower than normal number of red blood ... pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or ... 8. Soft tissue injections OpenAIRE Inês, Luís P. B. S.; Silva, José António P. da 2005-01-01 Soft tissue rheumatism includes a wide spectrum of common lesions of the tendons, enthesis, tendon sheaths, bursae, ligaments and fasciae as well as nerve compression syndromes. Studies on the pathogenesis of these lesions do not support a major role for inflammation, thus questioning the rationale for glucocorticoid injections. This chapter reviews current indications for local glucocorticoid injections and available evidence on its efficacy, as well as contraindications and potential risks.... 9. Injection and Dump Systems CERN Document Server Bracco, C; Barnes, M J; Carlier, E; Drosdal, L N; Goddard, B; Kain, V; Meddahi, M; Mertens, V; Uythoven, J 2012-01-01 Performance and failures of the LHC injection and ex- traction systems are presented. In particular, a comparison with the 2010 run, lessons learnt during operation with high intensity beams and foreseen upgrades are described. UFOs, vacuum and impedance problems related to the injection and extraction equipment are analysed together with possible improvements and solutions. New implemented features, diagnostics, critical issues of XPOC and IQC applications are addressed. 10. Uptake of fluorescent nano beads into BY2-cells involves clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis. Science.gov (United States) Bandmann, Vera; Müller, Jasmin Daniela; Köhler, Tim; Homann, Ulrike 2012-10-19 To follow endocytosis in BY-2 cells we made use of fluorescent nano beads. Beads with 20nm in diameter were internalised rapidly and accumulated partially in compartments also labelled by the endocytic marker FM4-64. Studies in BY-2 cells and protoplasts revealed that larger beads (100nm) were excluded from uptake into turgescent and plasmolysed cells while protoplasts were able to internalise beads with a diameter of up to 1000nm. Endocytosis of beads was only partially inhibited by the clathrin-specific inhibitor Ikarugamycin and strongly blocked by wortmannin. These results imply that uptake of beads involves clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytic mechanisms and supports the hypothesis that clathrin-independent endocytosis plays a general role in plants. PMID:23046971 11. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in the Recirculating Aquaculture System with Water Treatment Tank containing Baked Clay Beads and Chinese Cabbage OpenAIRE Aeknarin Thanakitpairin; Wiboonluk Pungrasmi; Sorawit Powtongsook 2014-01-01 This research aims to describe the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) by crop plants biomass production. The 3 experiment systems consisted of 1 treatment (fish tank + baked clay beads + Chinese cabbage) and 2 controls as control-1 (fish tank only) and control-2 (fish tank + baked clay beads), were performed. With all experimental RAS, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was cultured at 2 kg/m3 density. The baked clay beads (8-16 mm in diameter) were fi... 12. Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes Science.gov (United States) Arp, Christopher D.; Whitman, Matthew S.; Jones, Benjamin M.; Grosse, Guido; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Heim, Kurt C. 2015-01-01 Beaded streams are widespread in permafrost regions and are considered a common thermokarst landform. However, little is known about their distribution, how and under what conditions they form, and how their intriguing morphology translates to ecosystem functions and habitat. Here we report on a Circum-Arctic survey of beaded streams and a watershed-scale analysis in northern Alaska using remote sensing and field studies. We mapped over 400 channel networks with beaded morphology throughout the continuous permafrost zone of northern Alaska, Canada, and Russia and found the highest abundance associated with medium- to high- ground ice content permafrost in moderately sloping terrain. In the Fish Creek watershed, beaded streams accounted for half of the drainage density, occurring primarily as low-order channels initiating from lakes and drained lake basins. Beaded streams predictably transition to alluvial channels with increasing drainage area and decreasing channel slope, although this transition is modified by local controls on water and sediment delivery. Comparison of one beaded channel using repeat photography between 1948 and 2013 indicate a relatively stable landform and 14C dating of basal sediments suggest channel formation may be as early as the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Contemporary processes, such as deep snow accumulation in riparian zones effectively insulates channel ice and allows for perennial liquid water below most beaded stream pools. Because of this, mean annual temperatures in pool beds are greater than 2°C, leading to the development of perennial thaw bulbs or taliks underlying these thermokarst features. In the summer, some pools thermally stratify, which reduces permafrost thaw and maintains coldwater habitats. Snowmelt generated peak-flows decrease rapidly by two or more orders of magnitude to summer low flows with slow reach-scale velocity distributions ranging from 0.1 to 0.01 m/s, yet channel runs still move water rapidly 13. Shear-Induced Detachment of Polystyrene Beads from SAM-Coated Surfaces. Science.gov (United States) Cho, Kwun Lun; Rosenhahn, Axel; Thelen, Richard; Grunze, Michael; Lobban, Matthew; Karahka, Markus Leopold; Kreuzer, H Jürgen 2015-10-13 In this work we experimentally and theoretically analyze the detachment of microscopic polystyrene beads from different self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces in a shear flow in order to develop a mechanistic model for the removal of cells from surfaces. The detachment of the beads from the surface is treated as a thermally activated process applying an Arrhenius Ansatz to determine the activation barrier and attempt frequency of the rate determing step in bead removal. The statistical analysis of the experimental shear detachment data obtained in phosphate-buffered saline buffer results in an activation energy around 20 kJ/mol, which is orders of magnitude lower than the adhesion energy measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The same order of magnitude for the adhesion energy measured by AFM is derived from ab initio calculations of the van der Waals interaction energy between the polystyrene beads and the SAM-covered gold surface. We conclude that the rate determing step for detachment of the beads is the initiation of rolling on the surface (overcoming static friction) and not physical detachment, i.e., lifting the particle off the surface. 14. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CINNARIZINE FLOATING OIL ENTRAPPED CALCIUM ALGINATE BEADS Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Mowafaq M. Ghareeb et al. 2012-02-01 Full Text Available Gastroretentive delivery systems can be retained in the stomach and assist in improving absorption and consequently the bioavailability of drug that has a narrow absorption window in a particular region of gastrointestinal tract. A floatable multiparticulate system with potential for intragastric sustained delivery is one of the approaches to get the gastroretention. Cinnarizine(CNZ, an antihistaminic drug used in vertigo caused by meniere’s disease was taken as a model drug for floating beads prepared by non effervescent method. Floating CNZ olive oil-entrapped emulsion gel beads were prepared by the emulsion–gelation method. Different concentrations of sodium alginate (1%, 2%, and 3% w/v, oil (5%, 10%, and 15% v/v, and calcium chloride (0.02, 0.1, and 0.5M were used and their influence on beads uniformity, buoyancy, and in vitro drug release was studied. The results indicated that retardation of drug release was achieved by the oil hydrophobic diffusion barrier, especially in the presence of the compact network of alginate beads. The selected formula of calcium alginate beads using 3% w/v sodium alginate, 15% v/v oil and 0.1 M calcium chloride, showed a higher similarity factor (f2 =70.1 of CNZ release in comparison to release from standard gastroretentive sustained release floating cinnarizine tablet with good floating over duration of more than 12 hours. 15. Chitosan derivatives/reduced graphene oxide/alginate beads for small-molecule drug delivery. Science.gov (United States) Chen, Kaihang; Ling, Yunzhi; Cao, Cong; Li, Xiaoyun; Chen, Xiao; Wang, Xiaoying 2016-12-01 This work reported chitosan derivatives (CSD)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) blending with alginate to prepare hydrogel beads for small-molecule drug delivery for the first time. At the beginning, graphene oxide (GO) was successfully reduced using diverse CSD as reducing and stabilizing agents via facile heating. Then the obtained CSD/rGO was blended with alginate and crosslinked into hydrogel beads in CaCl2 solution. Finally, the beads were systematically evaluated as novel vehicles for pH-responsive small-molecule drug delivery. The optimal CSD/rGO/alginate beads showed a high drug-loading efficiency of 82.8% on small-molecule fluorescein sodium (FL), outstanding sustainable release of 71.6% upon 150h at a physiological pH and quick-release of 82.4% drug content at 20h in an acidic medium. Additionally, the cytotoxicity assay result suggested that the CSD/rGO/alginate beads showed negligible cytotoxicity to hepatic stellate cell lines, opening up possibilities for safe and efficient drug delivery. PMID:27612820 16. Pectin and charge modified pectin hydrogel beads as a colon-targeted drug delivery carrier. Science.gov (United States) Jung, Jiyoung; Arnold, Robert D; Wicker, Louise 2013-04-01 The physical and chemical properties of commercial low methoxyl citrus pectins, CP 28 and CP 55, and a pectinmethylesterase (PME) charge modified citrus pectin (MP 38) were compared, and the differences in ability to encapsulate indomethacin in hydrogel beads was determined at 0.5 or 1.0% (w/v) indomethacin ratio, and 100, 200 or 300 mM CaCl(2) solution. In order to investigate the drug release characteristics, indomethacin loaded dried hydrogel beads were immersed in simulated gastric fluids (pH 1.2) for 2h, followed by immersing in simulated intestinal fluids (pH 7.4) for 3h. Pectin type was highly significant (ppectin hydrogel bead was less than 15% in simulated gastro-intestinal fluids. MP 38 beads showed significantly higher entrapment efficiency and lower release rate than beads formed from CP 28 or CP 55. MP 38 hydrogel formulated with 300 mM CaCl(2) and 0.5% indomethacin ratio showed the highest entrapment efficiency. These studies suggest that charge modification of pectin improves encapsulation efficiency of drugs for colon targeted drug delivery system through oral administration. 17. Formulation of nano-zinc oxide into biocomposite beads for dye decolorization Science.gov (United States) Elkady, M. F.; Hassan, H. Shokry; El-Shazly, A. H. 2015-03-01 Zinc oxide nano-powder was prepared using sol-gel technique to be encapsulated onto polymeric blend composed from alginate and polyvinyl alcohol to fabricate novel bio-composite beads of nano-zinc oxide. The XRD patterns of both zinc oxide nano-powder and its polymeric hybrid were crystalline in their nature. The FTIR analysis of the fabricated ZnO polymeric hybrid confirms the binding between zinc oxide and the polymeric matrix. The BET analysis demonstrated that the calculated specific surface area of the formulated ZnO beads that equal to 22.8 m2/g is comparatively less than that of the free ZnO nano-powdered that equivalent to 64.9 m2/g. The thermal stability of ZnO nano-powdered dramatically decreased with its immobilization into the polymeric alginate and PVA matrix. The formulated beads had very strong mechanical strength and they are difficult to be broken up to 1500rpm. Moreover, this hybrid beads are chemically stable at the acidic media. The formulated ZnO hybrid beads verified to be good adsorbent material for C.I basic blue 41 (CB41). 18. Development of calcium pectinate-tamarind seed polysaccharide mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl. Science.gov (United States) Nayak, Amit Kumar; Pal, Dilipkumar; Santra, Kousik 2014-01-30 Novel mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl made of low methoxy (LM) pectin-tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) polymer-blend was developed through ionotropic-gelation technique and optimized using 3(2) factorial design. Effects of LM pectin and TSP amounts on drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE), and cumulative drug release at 10h (R10h) were analyzed using response surface methodology. The optimized calcium pectinate-TSP beads containing metformin HCl showed DEE of 95.12 ± 4.26%, R10h of 46.53 ± 3.28%, and mean diameter of 1.93 ± 0.26 mm. The in vitro drug release from these beads was followed controlled-release (zero-order) pattern with super case-II transport mechanism. These beads were also characterized by SEM and FTIR. The optimized beads also exhibited pH-dependent swelling, good mucoadhesivity with goat intestinal mucosa and significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats over prolonged period after oral administration. 19. Facile synthesis of chitosan/ZnO bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads as drug delivery systems. Science.gov (United States) Yadollahi, Mehdi; Farhoudian, Sana; Barkhordari, Soroush; Gholamali, Iman; Farhadnejad, Hassan; Motasadizadeh, Hamidreza 2016-01-01 ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in situ during the formation of physically cross-linked chitosan hydrogel beads using sodium tripolyphosphate as the cross-linker. The aim of the study was to investigate whether these nanocomposite beads have the potential to be used in drug delivery applications. The formation of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in the hydrogels was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy studies. SEM micrographs revealed the formation of ZnONPs with size range of 10-25 nm within the hydrogel matrix. Furthermore, the swelling and drug release properties of the beads were studied. The prepared nanocomposite hydrogels showed a pH sensitive swelling behavior. The ZnO nanocomposite hydrogels have rather higher swelling ratio in different aqueous solutions in comparison with neat hydrogel. In vitro drug release test was carried out to prove the effectiveness of this novel type of nanocomposite beads as a controlled drug delivery system. A prolonged and more controlled drug releases were observed for ZnONPs containing chitosan beads, which increased by the increase in ZnONPs content. 20. Am/Cm TTR testing - 3/8-inch glass beads evaluation in CIM5 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) To facilitate the procurement and handling of the glass former for Am/Cm vitrification in the F-Canyon MPPF, 1/4 inch and 3/8 inch diameter glass beads were purchased from Corning for evaluation in the 5 inch Cylindrical Induction Melter (CIM5). Prior to evaluating the beads in the CIM5, tests were conducted in the Drain Tube Test Stand (DTTS) with 1/4 inch beads, 3/8 inch beads, and a 50/50 mixture to identify any process concerns. Results of the DTTS tests are summarized in Attachment 1. A somewhat larger volume expansion was experienced in all three DTTS runs as compared to a standard run using cullet. Further testing of the use of glass beads in the CIM5 was requested by the Design Authority as Task 1.02 of Technical Task Request 99-MNSS/SE-006. Since the Technical Task Plan was not yet approved, the completion of this task was conducted under an authorization request approved by the SRTC Laboratory Director, S. Wood. This request is included as Attachment 2 1. Optical vortex beam transmission with different OAM in scattering beads and brain tissue media Science.gov (United States) Wang, W. B.; Shi, Lingyan; Lindwasser, Lukas; Marque, Paulo; Lavery, M. P. J.; Alfano, R. R. 2016-03-01 Light transmission of Laguerre Gaussian (LG) vortex beams with different orbital angular momentum (OAM) values (L) in scattering beads and mouse brain tissue media were experimentally investigated for the first time in comparison with Gaussian (G) beams. The LG beams with different OAM were generated using a spatial light modulator (SLM) in reflection mode. The scattering beads media consist of various sizes and concentrations of latex beads in water solutions. The transmissions of LG and G beams through scattering beads and brain tissue media were measured with different ratios of sample thicknesses (z) to scattering mean free path (ls) of the turbid media, z/ls. The results indicate that within the ballistic region where z/ls is small, the LG and G beams show no significant difference, while in the diffusive region where z/ls is higher, the vortex beams show higher transmission than G beams. In the diffusive region, the LG beams with higher L values show higher transmission than the beams with lower L values due to the eigen channels in the media. The transition points from the ballistic to diffusive regions for different scattering beads and brain tissue media were studied. 2. Selective extraction of plutonium from nitric acid medium by bifunctional polyethersulfone beads for quantification with thermal ionisation mass spectrometry International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Polyethersulfone (PES) magnetic beads were prepared by phase inversion technique. The beads were grafted with two monomers, viz. 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate phosphoric acid (HEMP) and (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride (AMAC), by photo-induced free radical polymerization. Effect of different HNO3 concentrations on the sorption profiles of Am(III) and Pu(IV) was studied using the grafted PES beads. The beads were found to extract plutonium quantitatively from high nitric acid medium (3-8 M). The effect of presence of competing actinide, e.g. U(VI), on the sorption of Pu(IV) was also studied. (author) 3. Improving the controlled delivery formulations of caffeine in alginate hydrogel beads combined with pectin, carrageenan, chitosan and psyllium. Science.gov (United States) Belščak-Cvitanović, Ana; Komes, Draženka; Karlović, Sven; Djaković, Senka; Spoljarić, Igor; Mršić, Gordan; Ježek, Damir 2015-01-15 Alginate-based blends consisting of carrageenan, pectin, chitosan or psyllium husk powder were prepared for assessment of the best formulation aimed at encapsulation of caffeine. Alginate-pectin blend exhibited the lowest viscosity and provided the smallest beads. Alginate-psyllium husk blend was characterised with higher viscosity, yielding the largest bead size and the highest caffeine encapsulation efficiency (83.6%). The release kinetics of caffeine indicated that the porosity of alginate hydrogel was not reduced sufficiently to retard the diffusion of caffeine from the beads. Chitosan coated alginate beads provided the most retarded release of caffeine in water. Morphological characteristics of beads encapsulating caffeine were adversely affected by freeze drying. Bitterness intensity of caffeine-containing beads in water was the lowest for alginate-psyllium beads and chitosan coated alginate beads. Higher sodium alginate concentration (3%) for production of hydrogel beads in combination with psyllium or chitosan coating would present the most favourable carrier systems for immobilization of caffeine. PMID:25149001 4. Theoretical study of in-plane response of magnetic field sensor to magnetic beads magnetized by the sensor self-field DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Hansen, Troels Borum Grave; Damsgaard, Christian Danvad; Dalslet, Bjarke Thomas; 2010-01-01 bias current through the sensor. The analysis of the single bead response shows that beads always contribute positively to the average magnetic field as opposed to the case for an applied homogeneous magnetic field where the sign of the signal depends on the bead position. General expressions......We present a theoretical study of the spatially averaged in-plane magnetic field on square and rectangular magnetic field sensors from a single magnetic bead, a monolayer of magnetic beads, and a half-space filled with magnetic beads being magnetized by the magnetic self-field due to the applied...... and analytical approximations are derived for the sensor response to beads as function of the bead distribution, the bias current, the geometry and size of the sensor, and the bead characteristics. Consequences for the sensor design are exemplified and it is described how the contribution from the self... 5. Syringe-injectable electronics. Science.gov (United States) Liu, Jia; Fu, Tian-Ming; Cheng, Zengguang; Hong, Guosong; Zhou, Tao; Jin, Lihua; Duvvuri, Madhavi; Jiang, Zhe; Kruskal, Peter; Xie, Chong; Suo, Zhigang; Fang, Ying; Lieber, Charles M 2015-07-01 Seamless and minimally invasive three-dimensional interpenetration of electronics within artificial or natural structures could allow for continuous monitoring and manipulation of their properties. Flexible electronics provide a means for conforming electronics to non-planar surfaces, yet targeted delivery of flexible electronics to internal regions remains difficult. Here, we overcome this challenge by demonstrating the syringe injection (and subsequent unfolding) of sub-micrometre-thick, centimetre-scale macroporous mesh electronics through needles with a diameter as small as 100 μm. Our results show that electronic components can be injected into man-made and biological cavities, as well as dense gels and tissue, with >90% device yield. We demonstrate several applications of syringe-injectable electronics as a general approach for interpenetrating flexible electronics with three-dimensional structures, including (1) monitoring internal mechanical strains in polymer cavities, (2) tight integration and low chronic immunoreactivity with several distinct regions of the brain, and (3) in vivo multiplexed neural recording. Moreover, syringe injection enables the delivery of flexible electronics through a rigid shell, the delivery of large-volume flexible electronics that can fill internal cavities, and co-injection of electronics with other materials into host structures, opening up unique applications for flexible electronics. 6. Analysis of early medieval glass beads – Glass in the transition period International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Glass beads from graves excavated in Slovenia and dated archaeologically to the 7th–10th century AD were analysed by the combined PIXE–PIGE method. The results indicate two groups of glass; natron glass made in the Roman tradition and glass made with alkalis from the ash of halophytic plants, which gradually replaced natron glass after c. 800 AD. The alkalis used in the second group of glass seem to be in close relation to a variant of the Venetian white glass that appeared several centuries later. The origin of this glass may be traced to glass production in Mesopotamia and around the Aral Sea. All the mosaic beads with eye decoration, as well as most of the drawn-segmented and drawn-cut beads analysed, are of plant-ash glass, which confirms their supposed oriental origin. 7. Online measurement of bead geometry in GMAW-based additive manufacturing using passive vision International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Additive manufacturing based on gas metal arc welding is an advanced technique for depositing fully dense components with low cost. Despite this fact, techniques to achieve accurate control and automation of the process have not yet been perfectly developed. The online measurement of the deposited bead geometry is a key problem for reliable control. In this work a passive vision-sensing system, comprising two cameras and composite filtering techniques, was proposed for real-time detection of the bead height and width through deposition of thin walls. The nozzle to the top surface distance was monitored for eliminating accumulated height errors during the multi-layer deposition process. Various image processing algorithms were applied and discussed for extracting feature parameters. A calibration procedure was presented for the monitoring system. Validation experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the online measurement system for bead geometry in layered additive manufacturing. (paper) 8. Undergraduate Reseach in Color Center Production and Photodegradation using Retroreflecting Glass Beads Science.gov (United States) Kysor, Everett; Harkay, Russell 2006-03-01 A project has been initiated at Keene State in which UV light from a Deuterium arc lamp is used to produce or bleach color centers in a wide variety of materials, including reflective glass beads used for highway marking, alkali halides, and other transparent materials. The glass beads have a very high refractive index due to the inclusion of metallic impurities. Practical applications include varying the refractive index of a material by adding or bleaching (neutralizing) color centers, which are, in themselves, in interesting manifestation of the particle-in-a-box problem encountered in modern physics. Another practical outcome of the ongoing project is to determine the overall effect of exposure to UV light on the transmission and optical parameters of materials normally exposed to sunlight. As a sidebar experiment, work was performed in which micron-size glass beads were used to simulate two-dimensional arrays with a laser playing the role of x-rays in forming diffraction patterns. 9. Characterization of bead trajectories through the draft tube of a turbine physical model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Weiland, M. A. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Mueller, R. P. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Carlson, T. J. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Deng, Z. D. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); McKinstry, C. A. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States) 2005-02-01 The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) makes extensive use of 1:25 scale Plexiglass models of hydroelectric turbines along the Columbia River to study turbine hydraulic performance and to identify potential hazards for fish passing through the turbines. Plastic beads are sent through the models and imaging has been done with laser Doppler velocimetry and high-speed videography to measure flow field variables and to study the probable paths of fish through the turbine units. Understanding has been limited by the lack of data showing actual bead trajectories in three dimensions (3-D) and the lack of quantified velocity, acceleration, and other kinematics describing the trajectories of beads as they pass through the physical models. 10. Magnetic bead micromixer: Influence of magnetic element geometry and field amplitude DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Lund-Olesen, Torsten; Buus, Bjarke B.; Howalt, Jakob; 2008-01-01 A scheme for the silicon microfabrication of lab-on-a-chip systems with mixing based on dynamic plugs of magnetic beads is presented. The systems consist of a microfluidic channel integrated with a number of soft magnetic elements by the sides of the channel. The elements are magnetized by a...... homogeneous external ac magnetic field. The systems are scalable with respect to the number of magnetic bead plugs and number of parallel channels, and thus they have high potential for use in biological separation using functionalized magnetic beads. The mixing efficiency is characterized for two different...... geometries of the soft magnetic structures and found to be highly sensitive to the geometry and position of the structures.... 11. Analysis of early medieval glass beads - Glass in the transition period Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Smit, Ziga, E-mail: ziga.smit@ijs.si [Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, P.O.B. 3000, SI-1001 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Knific, Timotej [National Museum of Slovenia, Presernova 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Jezersek, David [Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, P.O.B. 3000, SI-1001 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Istenic, Janka [National Museum of Slovenia, Presernova 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia) 2012-05-01 Glass beads from graves excavated in Slovenia and dated archaeologically to the 7th-10th century AD were analysed by the combined PIXE-PIGE method. The results indicate two groups of glass; natron glass made in the Roman tradition and glass made with alkalis from the ash of halophytic plants, which gradually replaced natron glass after c. 800 AD. The alkalis used in the second group of glass seem to be in close relation to a variant of the Venetian white glass that appeared several centuries later. The origin of this glass may be traced to glass production in Mesopotamia and around the Aral Sea. All the mosaic beads with eye decoration, as well as most of the drawn-segmented and drawn-cut beads analysed, are of plant-ash glass, which confirms their supposed oriental origin. 12. Planar Hall effect sensor bridge geometries optimized for magnetic bead detection DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Østerberg, Frederik Westergaard; Rizzi, Giovanni; Henriksen, Anders Dahl; 2014-01-01 Novel designs of planar Hall effect bridge sensors optimized for magnetic bead detection are presented and characterized. By constructing the sensor geometries appropriately, the sensors can be tailored to be sensitive to an external magnetic field, the magnetic field due to beads being magnetized...... by the sensor self-field or a combination thereof. The sensors can be made nominally insensitive to small external magnetic fields, while being maximally sensitive to magnetic beads, magnetized by the sensor self-field. Thus, the sensor designs can be tailored towards specific applications with minimal...... influence of external variables. Three different sensor designs are analyzed theoretically. To experimentally validate the theoretical signals, two sets of measurements are performed. First, the sensor signals are characterized as function of an externally applied magnetic field. Then, measurements... 13. Application of RVM for prediction of bead shape in underwater rotating arc welding Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Du Jianhui; Shi Yonghua; Wang Guorong; Huang Guoxing 2010-01-01 Bead shape in underwater rotating arc welding was affected by several welding parameters.RVM(relevance vector machine)was used to build a model to predict weld bead shape.The training data set of RVM consists of the welding parameters which are rotational frequency,rotational radius,height of torch and welding current and the features of the bead shape.The maximum error and mean error for prediction of width are 0.10 mm and 0.09 mm,respectively,and the maximum error and mean error for prediction of penetration are 0.31 nun and 0.12 mm,respectively,which are showed that the prediction model can achieve higher prediction precision at reasonably small size of training data set. 14. Facile synthesis of antibacterial chitosan/CuO bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads. Science.gov (United States) Farhoudian, Sana; Yadollahi, Mehdi; Namazi, Hassan 2016-01-01 CuO nanoparticles were synthesized in situ during the formation of physically cross-linked chitosan hydrogel beads using sodium tripolyphosphate as the cross-linker. The aim of the study was to investigate whether these nanocomposite beads have the potential to be used in drug delivery applications. The formation of CuO nanoparticles (CuONPs) in the hydrogels was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy studies. SEM micrographs revealed the formation of CuONPs with size range of 10-25 nm within the hydrogel matrix. Furthermore, the antibacterial and swelling properties of the beads were studied. The prepared nanocomposite hydrogels showed a pH sensitive swelling behavior. The CuO nanocomposite hydrogels have rather higher swelling in different aqueous solutions in comparison with neat hydrogel. The nanocomposite hydrogels demonstrated good antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. 15. Electro-spray of high viscous liquids for producing mono-sized spherical alginate beads Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Hamid Moghadam; Mohsen Samimi; Abdolreza Samimi; Mohamad Khorram 2008-01-01 Alginate beads, often used for controlled release of enzymes and drugs, are usually produced by spraying sodium alginate liquid into a gelling agent using mechanical vibration nozzle or air jet. In this work an alternative method of electro-spray was employed to form droplets with desired size from a highly viscous sodium alginate solution using constant DC voltage. The droplets were then cured in a calcium chloride solution. The main objective was to produce mono-sized beads from such a highly viscous and non-Newtonian liquid (1000-5000 mPa s). The effects of nozzle diameter, flow rate and concentration of liquid on the size of the beads were investigated. Among the parameters studied, voltage had a pronounced effect on the size of beads as compared to flow rate zzle diameter and concentration of alginate liquid. The size of beads was reduced to a minimum value with increasing the voltage in the range of 0-10 kV. At the early stages of voltage increase (I.e. Up to about 4 kV), the rate of size reduction was relatively low, while the dripping mode dominated. However, in the middle part of the range of applied voltage, where the rate of size reduction was high (I.e. About 4-7 kV), an unstable transition occurred between dripping and jetting. At the end part of the range (I.e. 7-10 kV) jet mode of spray was observed. Increasing the height of fall of the droplets was found to improve the sphericity of the beads, because of the increased time of flight for the droplets. This was especially identifiable at higher concentrations of the alginate liquid (I.e. 3 w/v%) 16. Encapsulated human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by alginate gel beads as an in vitro metastasis model International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and often forms metastases, which are the most important prognostic factors. For further elucidation of the mechanism underlying the progression and metastasis of HCC, a culture system mimicking the in vivo tumor microenvironment is needed. In this study, we investigated the metastatic ability of HCC cells cultured within alginate gel (ALG) beads. In the culture system, HCC cells formed spheroids by proliferation and maintained in nuclear abnormalities. The gene and protein expression of metastasis-related molecules was increased in ALG beads, compared with the traditional adhesion culture. Furthermore, several gene expression levels in ALG bead culture system were even closer to liver cancer tissues. More importantly, in vitro invasion assay showed that the invasion cells derived from ALG beads was 7.8-fold higher than adhesion cells. Our results indicated that the in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model based on ALG beads increased metastatic ability compared with adhesion culture, even partly mimicked the in vivo tumor tissues. Moreover, due to the controllable preparation conditions, steady characteristics and production at large-scale, the 3D ALG bead model would become an important tool used in the high-throughput screening of anti-metastasis drugs and the metastatic mechanism research. -- Highlights: •We established a 3D metastasis model mimicking the metastatic ability in vivo. •The invasion ability of cells derived from our model was increased significantly. •The model is easy to reproduce, convenient to handle, and amenable for large-scale 17. Single-bead arrays for fluorescence-based immunoassays on capillary-driven microfluidic chips Science.gov (United States) Temiz, Yuksel; Lim, Michel; Delamarche, Emmanuel 2016-03-01 We report a concept for the simple fabrication of easy-to-use chips for immunoassays in the context of point-of-care diagnostics. The chip concept comprises mainly three features: (1) the efficient integration of reagents using beads functionalized with receptors, (2) the generation of capillary-driven liquid flows without using external pumps, and (3) a high-sensitivity detection of analytes using fluorescence microscopy. We fabricated prototype chips using dry etching of Si wafers. 4.5-μm-diameter beads were integrated into hexagonal arrays by sedimentation and removing the excess using a stream of water. We studied the effect of different parameters and showed that array occupancies from 30% to 50% can be achieved by pipetting a 250 nL droplet of 1% bead solution and allowing the beads sediment for 3 min. Chips with integrated beads were sealed using a 50-μm-thick dry-film resist laminated at 45 °C. Liquids pipetted to loading pads were autonomously pulled by capillary pumps at a rate of 0.35 nL s-1 for about 30 min. We studied ligand-receptor interactions and binding kinetics using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and demonstrated a 5 pM limit of detection (LOD) for an anti-biotin immunoassay. As a clinically-relevant example, we implemented an immunoassay to detect prostate specific antigen (PSA) and showed an LOD of 108 fM (i.e. 3.6 pg mL-1). While a specific implementation is provided here for the detection of PSA, we believe that combining capillary-driven microfluidics with arrays of single beads and fluorescence readout to be very flexible and sufficiently sensitive for the detection of other clinically-relevant analytes. 18. Identification and correction of previously unreported spatial phenomena using raw Illumina BeadArray data Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Tavaré Simon 2010-04-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background A key stage for all microarray analyses is the extraction of feature-intensities from an image. If this step goes wrong, then subsequent preprocessing and processing stages will stand little chance of rectifying the matter. Illumina employ random construction of their BeadArrays, making feature-intensity extraction even more important for the Illumina platform than for other technologies. In this paper we show that using raw Illumina data it is possible to identify, control, and perhaps correct for a range of spatial-related phenomena that affect feature-intensity extraction. Results We note that feature intensities can be unnaturally high when in the proximity of a number of phenomena relating either to the images themselves or to the layout of the beads on an array. Additionally we note that beads neighbour beads of the same type more often than one might expect, which may cause concern in some models of hybridization. We highlight issues in the identification of a bead's location, and in particular how this both affects and is affected by its intensity. Finally we show that beads can be wrongly identified in the image on either a local or array-wide scale, with obvious implications for data quality. Conclusions The image processing issues identified will often pass unnoticed by an analysis of the standard data returned from an experiment. We detail some simple diagnostics that can be implemented to identify problems of this nature, and outline approaches to correcting for such problems. These approaches require access to the raw data from the arrays, not just the summarized data usually returned, making the acquisition of such raw data highly desirable. 19. Study on the uptake of Americium using PC88A - impregnated macroporous polymeric beads International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The prime objective of radioactive waste treatment in nuclear industry is to minimize the waste volume by efficient process without generating secondary radioactive waste for its final disposal. Among the currently available technologies, for separation and recovery of metal ions, solvent extraction, ion-exchange, membrane based technologies and solid sorbent materials are more popular means. Though, all these technologies play major role in all the bulk separation processes, their marked limitations force the separation scientists to think of advance, more efficient and technically feasible alternatives. The extractant impregnated polymeric beads (EIMPBs), impregnated with metal-specific extractants, exhibit reliable separation performances under column operation, and hence bridge the gap between solvent extraction and ion exchange techniques. In the present work, PC88A impregnated PES beads are prepared and the sorption of Am (III) from aqueous waste solutions is investigated. The synthesized EIMPBs were characterized by FTIR, TGA and SEM techniques. The physiochemical strength of the beads was found to be excellent. The sorption study of Am (III), using these beads, was carried out by batch equilibration method and the effect of various parameters, like pH, equilibration time, Am (III) concentration, etc., on the sorption process, was investigated. The synthesized polymeric beads presented fairly higher sorption capacity for Am (III) at pH 3. The kinetics of extraction is very fast. The saturation of sorption is achieved in about 60 minutes of equilibration. The sorption kinetics data fits well in the pseudo second-order model, indicating that the sorption is dominated by chemisorptions. The sorption of Am (III) is observed to follow Langmuir isotherm and the monolayer capacity was calculated as 2.498 mg/g. The quantitative stripping of the extracted Am (III) can be achieved by using 0.1M oxalic acid. The blank polymeric beads, without PC88A,have shown 20. Fibroblast receptor for cell-substratum adhesion: studies on the interaction of baby hamster kidney cells with latex beads coated by cold insoluble globulin (plasma fibronectin) OpenAIRE 1980-01-01 Studies were carried out on the interactions of uncharged latex beads (0.76 micrometer) with baby hamster kidney cells. Binding of beads to the cells occurred if the beads were coated by cold insoluble globulin (CIG) (plasma fibronectin) but not if the beads were coated by bovine albumin. Bovine albumin-coated beads did not bind to the cells even in the presence of excess CIG in the incubation medium. Binding of beads occurred randomly over the entire surfaces of cells in suspension. However,... 1. Development and validation of predictive simulation model of multi-layer repair welding process by temper bead technique International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has recently been observed in the nickel base alloy weld metal of dissimilar pipe joint used in pressurized water reactor (PWR) . Temper bead technique has been developed as one of repair procedures against SCC applicable in case that post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is difficult to carry out. In this regard, however it is essential to pass the property and performance qualification test to confirm the effect of tempering on the mechanical properties at repair welds before temper bead technique is actually used in practice. Thus the appropriate welding procedure conditions in temper bead technique are determined on the basis of the property and performance qualification testing. It is necessary for certifying the structural soundness and reliability at repair welds but takes a lot of work and time in the present circumstances. Therefore it is desirable to establish the reasonable alternatives for qualifying the property and performance at repair welds. In this study, mathematical modeling and numerical simulation procedures were developed for predicting weld bead configuration and temperature distribution during multi-layer repair welding process by temper bead technique. In the developed simulation technique, characteristics of heat source in temper bead welding are calculated from weld heat input conditions through the arc plasma simulation and then weld bead configuration and temperature distribution during temper bead welding are calculated from characteristics of heat source obtained through the coupling analysis between bead surface shape and thermal conduction. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results under the same welding heat input conditions. As the results, the bead surface shape and temperature distribution, such as Acl lines, were in good agreement between simulation and experimental results. It was concluded that the developed simulation technique has the potential to become useful for accurate 2. Comparison of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, native calcium sulfate, and high porous calcium sulfate beads as gentamicin carriers and osteoblast attachment Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Chaiyakorn Thitiyanaporn 2013-06-01 Full Text Available Calcium sulfate, a bioresorbable material, has been used as a bone substitute material and antibiotic vehicle. The increasing porosity of calcium sulfate beads might improve drug delivery capacity as well as enhance the antibiotic elution property. High porous calcium sulfate (HPCS beads were fabricated using a salt leaching technique as a new bead type for antibiotic delivery system. Gentamicin-based antibiotic beads were conducted by impregnating gentamicin (3.8% w/w with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, or coating of PMMA, native calcium sulfate (NCS, and HPCS with gentamicin solution. Physical properties, microstructure, and gentamicin elution from gentamicin-impregnated PMMA (GI-PMMA, gentamicincoated PMMA (G-PMMA, gentamicin-coated NCS (G-NCS, and gentamicin-coated HPCS (G-HPCS were compared. The osteoblast attachment revealed that PMMA, NCS, and HPCS beads were not toxic to h-OBs after co-incubation for sevendays. Furthermore, more h-OBs attachment appeared in HPCS beads compared to PMMA and NCS beads after co-culture for 7 days. Eluted gentamicin from G-NCS and G-HPCS beads were greater than those from GI-PMMA and G-PMMA beads during the experimental period. All types of beads were able to elute gentamicin for 10 days except G-PMMA, which released gentamicin only for four days. The highest to lowest total concentrations of eluted gentamicin were from G-NCS, G-HPCS,G-PMMA, and GI-PMMA, respectively. These results suggested that the HPCS beads improved local antibiotic delivery and improved h-OBs attachment. 3. Preparation of Immuno-magnetic Beads and Their Separation ＆ Detection to Ovary Cancer Cells Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 2001-01-01 The organic monomer-molecule with nanometer magnetic powder by means of reforming the surface of nanometer magnetic powder have been synthesized.Magnetic beads in diameter of 2μm or so are obtained by controlling conditions.Ovary cancer cells of ascites are separated and ovary cancer cells of blood are detected by using immuno-magnetic beads linked with ovary cancer cell mono-antibodies.Results show that the specificity is 85%,sensitivity is 87%,accuracy is 84%,cells acquiring purity is 90%,cells activity is 92% and detection sensitivity is 25×10-7. 4. Preparation of tryptophan modified chitosan beads and their adsorption of low density lipoprotein Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) FU Guoqi; SHI Keyu; YUAN Zhi; HE Binglin; LIU Bin; SHEN Bin; WANG Qishun 2003-01-01 An adsorbent with good adsorption performance for binding low density lipoprotein (LDL) was synthesized through a simple preparation procedure. The phase-inversion technique was employed to form macroporous chitosan beads, which were then simultaneously activated, cross-linked and connected with a long spacerarm via the reaction with ethyleneglycol diglycidylether (EGDE). Tryptophan (Trp) was subsequently coupled to the epoxy-activated beads. This adsorbent demonstrated satisfactory adsorption capacity and selectivity for LDL, and it also exhibited excellent blood compatibility. The effect of spacer arms with different length on the adsorption selectivity was investigated experimentally, and the mechanism was analyzed. 5. Automated Solid-Phase Subcloning Based on Beads Brought into Proximity by Magnetic Force DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Hudson, Elton P.; Nikoshkov, Andrej; Uhlén, Mathias; 2012-01-01 gene are immobilized to separate paramagnetic beads and brought into proximity by magnetic force. Ligation events were directly evaluated using fluorescent-based microscopy and flow cytometry. The highest ligation efficiencies were obtained when gene- and vector-coated beads were brought into close...... contact by application of a magnet during the ligation step. An automated procedure was developed using a laboratory workstation to transfer genes into various expression vectors and more than 95% correct clones were obtained in a number of various applications. The method presented here is suitable for... 6. Preparation and Characterization of Super-paramagnetic Nano-beads for DNA Isolation Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Xin XIE; Xu ZHANG; Bing Bin YU; wei Yang FE 2004-01-01 Unique coupling reagent, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) phosphate was used to prepare coated and functionalized superparamagnetic nanobeads, leading to a simple, effective method for coating the nanobeads. With this method, the thickness of the coating layer and the functional group contents on the nano-beads could be controlled by changing the quantity of the coated monomers. The nanobeads were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The carboxyl-modified magnetic nano-beads were employed to streamline the protocol of isolation of genomic DNA from the human whole blood. 7. Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by barium ion cross-linked alginate beads OpenAIRE Uzaşçı Sesil; Tezcan Filiz; Bedia Erim F. 2014-01-01 Barium ion cross-linked alginate beads have shown great affinity to toxic hexavalent chromium ions in aqueous solution, contrary to the traditional calcium alginate beads. The adsorption experiments were carried out by the batch contact method. The optimal pH for removal was found to be pH 4. The equilibrium was established in 4 h and the removal efficiency of chromium (VI) was found as 95%. The adsorption data fit well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum chromium (VI) adsorpt... 8. A multi-purpose ultrasonic streaming mixer for integrated magnetic bead ELISAs Science.gov (United States) Brandhoff, Lukas; Zirath, Helene; Salas, Mariugenia; Haller, Anna; Peham, Johannes; Wiesinger-Mayr, Herbert; Spittler, Andreas; Schnetz, Guntram; Lang, Walter; Vellekoop, Michael J. 2015-10-01 We present an ultrasonic streaming mixer for disposable and on-chip magnetic bead ELISAs. The ultrasonic transducer is placed at system-level to keep cost per chip as low as possible, and is coupled to the chip by means of a solid ultrasonic horn. The system provides mixing of liquids, as well as dispersion of the superparamagnetic beads in the ELISA. Additionally it can be used clean the chamber surface from nonspecifically bound proteins during the washing steps in the ELISA protocol. Using our system the time for the ELISA protocol has been greatly reduced down to 30 min. 9. Tubular growth and bead formation in the lyotropic lamellar phase of a lipid. Science.gov (United States) Bhatia, Tripta; Hatwalne, Yashodhan; Madhusudana, N V 2015-07-28 We use fluorescence confocal polarised microscopy (FCPM) to study tubular growth upon hydration of dry DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) in water and water-glycerol mixtures. We have developed a model to relate the FCPM intensity profiles to the multilamellar structures of the tubules. Insertion of an additional patch inside a tubule produces a beaded structure, while a straight configuration is retained if the growth is on the outside. We use a simple model to suggest that reduction in overall curvature energy drives bead formation. PMID:26066670 10. A Novel Magnetic Bead-based Biosensor Using Flip Chip Bonding Techniques Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Bin Wang; Xiang Chen; Qinghui Jin; Jianlong Zhao; Yuansen Xu 2006-01-01 Based on flip-chip packaging, a novel approach towards integrated magnetic bio-separator was designed. The magnetic field and the force on the bead were simulated and analyzed, leading to the optimization of the fabrication parameters of the micro-magnetic unit. The planar coil as an electromagnet was fabricated through electroplating on a single seed layer.The PDMS microfluidic channel was bonded on the inverse side after Si etching. The results presented in this paper provide a novel design and fabrication to approach a microfluidic bio-separation system with magnetic beads. 11. Dependence of effective screening length in granular columns on bead and silo sizes and their ratio Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Abdul Qadir; Madad Ali Shah; Saeed Ahmed Khan 2013-01-01 Apparent mass measurements at the bottom of silos have been carried out.An important parameter in the Janssen model known as the effective screening length has been investigated for different bead and silo diameters as well as of their ratios.It is found that the effective screening length augments with the grain diameter d in addition to the granular column size.It is also revealed that λ exhibits stronger correlation with the bead diameter than that of the silo.This phenomenon is attributed to the reduced-shielding of the vertical stresses to the horizontal ones. 12. The Numerical Welding Simulation - Developments and Validation of Simplified and Bead Lumping Methods International Nuclear Information System (INIS) The aim of this work was to study the TIG multipass welding process on stainless steel, by means of numerical methods and then to work out simplified and bead lumping methods in order to reduce adjusting and realisation times of these calculations. A simulation was used as reference for the validation of these methods; after the presentation of the test series having led to the option choices of this calculation (2D generalised plane strains, elastoplastic model with an isotropic hardening, hardening restoration due to high temperatures), various simplifications were tried on a plate geometry. These simplifications related various modelling points with a correct plastic flow representation in the plate. The use of a reduced number of thermal fields characterising the bead deposit and a low number of tensile curves allow to obtain interesting results, decreasing significantly the Computing times. In addition various lumping bead methods have been studied and concerning both the shape and the thermic of the macro-deposits. The macro-deposit shapes studied are in 'L', or in layer or they represent two beads one on top of the other. Among these three methods, only those using a few number of lumping beads gave bad results since thermo-mechanical history was deeply modified near and inside the weld. Thereafter, simplified methods have been applied to a tubular geometry. On this new geometry, experimental measurements were made during welding, which allow a validation of the reference calculation. Simplified and reference calculations gave approximately the same stress fields as found on plate geometry. Finally, in the last part of this document a procedure for automatic data setting permitting to reduce significantly the calculation phase preparation is presented. It has been applied to the calculation of thick pipe welding in 90 beads; the results are compared with a simplified simulation realised by Framatome and with experimental measurements. A bead by 13. Newtonian and non-newtonian low Re number flow through bead packings Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Mertens, D.; Hardy, E.H.; Buggisch, H.W. [Institut fuer Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, Universitaet Karlsruhe (T.H.) (Germany); Heinen, C. [Mechanical Engineering Department, Universite de Sherbrooke (Canada) 2006-07-15 The results of measurements of velocity distributions of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids flowing through porous media are described in this contribution. The porous matrix was modeled by glass beads of different diameters forming a random bead packing confined by a circular tube. These packings were passed through by aqueous solutions of glucose and xanthane gum. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods were applied to investigate the flow field in the packing. Spatially resolved and integral displacement distribution measurements were reported. (Abstract Copyright [2006], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) 14. Shedding light onto topological insulator beads: perspectives for optical tweezing application CERN Document Server Muller, Yuri G; Fonseca, Jakson M 2016-01-01 The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a spheric-type three-dimensional topological insulator (TI) bead is described within classical optics framework. By virtue of the topological magnetoelectric effect (TMEE) experienced by reflected and transmitted rays at the TI surface, there appears a net constant force on the spherical bead which is proportional to the fine structure constant times the incident radiation power. Such an uniform dynamics (constant acceleration) may be particularly useful for optical tweeezing techniques, for instance, to investigate a DNA strip or a membrane piece under stretching as well as to displace a tiny object by means of purely optical control. 15. Preparation and Characterization of Composite Hydrogel Beads Containing Sericin and Sodium Alginate%丝胶/海藻酸钠复合凝胶粒的制备及其结构性能表征 Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 张海萍; 邓连霞; 王雪云; 闵思佳; 杨明英; 杨磊; 何文; 朱良均 2011-01-01 为了改良丝胶型药物载体的结构性能,将丝胶粉末与海藻酸钠溶液均匀混合后,采用氯化钙胶凝法制备了粒径为1.88 mm±0.15 mm的丝胶/海藻酸钠复合凝胶粒.红外光谱检测表明该复合凝胶粒中的丝胶与海藻酸钠之间以物理方式混和;差示扫描量热分析发现丝胶与海藻酸钠复合后,其结构稳定性有所提高;机械性检测表明丝胶/海藻酸钠复合凝胶粒具有更好的力学性能;溶胀性检测表明丝胶/海藻酸钠复合凝胶粒具有pH敏感溶胀性.研究结果表明丝胶/海藻酸钠复合凝胶粒使丝胶作为药物固定化载体的结构与性能得到改善,更有利于开发利用.%To improve the structural property of sericin-based drug delivery carriers, sericin powder was homogeneously mixed with sodium alginate solution and then injected into calcium chloride solution to form sericin/sodium alginate composite hydrogel beads with mean size of 1.88 mm ±0. 15 mm. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analysis revealed that sericin was physically mixed with sodium alginate in the composite hydrogel beads. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the composite hydrogel beads had higher structural stability than sericin itself.Mechanical property test proved that the sericin/sodium alginate composite hydrogel beads had better mechanical properties. Swelling property analysis indicated that the sericin/sodium alginate composite hydrogel beads possessed a pH value sensitive swelling property. The above results indicated that the sericin/sodium alginate composite hydrogel beads could improve structure and function of sericin as a drug immobilization carrier, being favorable to further exploitation for practical application. 16. Hip joint injection Science.gov (United States) ... cause of the pain. For some, it can last weeks or months. Alternative Names Cortisone shot - hip; Hip injection; Intra-articular steroid ... writing by ADAM Health Solutions. About MedlinePlus Site Map FAQs Contact ... Institutes of Health Page last updated: 23 August 2016 17. Water injection dredging NARCIS (Netherlands) Verhagen, H.J. 2000-01-01 Some twenty years ago WIS-dredging has been developed in the Netherlands. By injecting water into the mud layer, the water content of the mud becomes higher, it becomes fluid mud and will start to flow. The advantages of this system are that there is no need of transporting the mud in a hopper, and 18. Other Injectable Medications Science.gov (United States) ... by Mail Close www.diabetes.org > Living With Diabetes > Treatment and Care > Medication > Insulin & Other Injectables Share: Print Page Text ... Gestational Myths Statistics Common Terms Genetics Living With Diabetes Recently Diagnosed Treatment & Care Complications Health Insurance For Parents & Kids Know Your ... 19. Chemistry and petrology of Fe-Ni beads from different types of cosmic spherules: Implication for precursors Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India) Rudraswami, N.G.; ShyamPrasad, M.; Babu, E.V.S.S.K.; VijayaKumar, T. condensation temperature similar to Fe, in Fe–Ni beads of all types of cosmic spherules indicates that the heating undergone was below its vaporization temperature. Not all parent bodies lead to the formation of beads, the precursor needs to exceed a certain... 20. Antibody-integrated and functionalized graphite-encapsulated magnetic beads, produced using ammonia gas plasma technology, for capturing Salmonella. Science.gov (United States) Sakudo, Akikazu; Chou, Han; Nagatsu, Masaaki 2015-03-01 Salmonella spp. is the single and most important causative agent of foodborne infections, especially involving foods such as eggs, milk and meat. To prevent infection, a reliable surveillance system is required that can quickly and sensitively detect Salmonella. Here, we describe the development of antibody-integrated magnetic beads that are functionalized by a novel strategy using ammonia gas plasma. Ammonia plasma, produced by a radio frequency (RF) power supply, was allowed to react with the surface of graphite-encapsulated magnetic beads, resulting in the introduction of amino groups. An anti-Salmonella antibody was then anchored by sulfide groups present on the protein surface to the amino groups of the magnetic beads via N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP). The potential usefulness of these magnetic beads for capturing Salmonella was examined as follows. The beads were incubated with Salmonella in liquid medium and then separated from the supernatant by applying a magnetic field. After thorough washing, adsorption of Salmonella to the beads was confirmed by immunochromatography, polymerase chain reaction and a direct culture assay. Our findings indicate that the capture and concentration of Salmonella using the antibody-integrated magnetic beads was more efficient than commercial Dynabeads® anti-Salmonella, which are conventionally used for concentrating Salmonella from liquid cultures. We believe this novel bead technology will contribute to the enhanced detection of Salmonella. 1. Flow-orthogonal bead oscillation in a microfluidic chip with a magnetic anisotropic flux-guide array DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Van Pelt, Stijn; Derks, Roy; Matteucci, Marco; 2011-01-01 A new concept for the manipulation of superparamagnetic beads inside a microfluidic chip is presented in this paper. The concept allows for bead actuation orthogonal to the flow direction inside a microchannel. Basic manipulation functionalities were studied by means of finite element simulations... 2. Resin bead U and PU analysis of WAK input solutions: a statistical summary of experiment No. 1 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A statistical analysis of the resin bead experimental data was made to identify sources of variations among the measurements of isotopic atom ratios and elemental concentrations of plutonium and uranium. Comparisons among treatment means of the analytical laboratory and the resin bead preparation methods are tabulated using Duncan's multiple range test 3. Antibody-integrated and functionalized graphite-encapsulated magnetic beads, produced using ammonia gas plasma technology, for capturing Salmonella. Science.gov (United States) Sakudo, Akikazu; Chou, Han; Nagatsu, Masaaki 2015-03-01 Salmonella spp. is the single and most important causative agent of foodborne infections, especially involving foods such as eggs, milk and meat. To prevent infection, a reliable surveillance system is required that can quickly and sensitively detect Salmonella. Here, we describe the development of antibody-integrated magnetic beads that are functionalized by a novel strategy using ammonia gas plasma. Ammonia plasma, produced by a radio frequency (RF) power supply, was allowed to react with the surface of graphite-encapsulated magnetic beads, resulting in the introduction of amino groups. An anti-Salmonella antibody was then anchored by sulfide groups present on the protein surface to the amino groups of the magnetic beads via N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP). The potential usefulness of these magnetic beads for capturing Salmonella was examined as follows. The beads were incubated with Salmonella in liquid medium and then separated from the supernatant by applying a magnetic field. After thorough washing, adsorption of Salmonella to the beads was confirmed by immunochromatography, polymerase chain reaction and a direct culture assay. Our findings indicate that the capture and concentration of Salmonella using the antibody-integrated magnetic beads was more efficient than commercial Dynabeads® anti-Salmonella, which are conventionally used for concentrating Salmonella from liquid cultures. We believe this novel bead technology will contribute to the enhanced detection of Salmonella. PMID:25660257 4. Lipase in biphasic alginate beads as a biocatalyst for esterification of butyric acid and butanol in aqueous media. Science.gov (United States) Ng, Choong Hey; Yang, Kun-Lin 2016-01-01 Esterification of organic acids and alcohols in aqueous media is very inefficient due to thermodynamic constraints. However, fermentation processes used to produce organic acids and alcohols are often conducted in aqueous media. To produce esters in aqueous media, biphasic alginate beads with immobilized lipase are developed for in situ esterification of butanol and butyric acid. The biphasic beads contain a solid matrix of calcium alginate and hexadecane together with 5 mg/mL of lipase as the biocatalyst. Hexadecane in the biphasic beads serves as an organic phase to facilitate the esterification reaction. Under optimized conditions, the beads are able to catalyze the production of 0.16 mmol of butyl butyrate from 0.5 mmol of butyric acid and 1.5 mmol of butanol. In contrast, when monophasic beads (without hexadecane) are used, only trace amount of butyl butyrate is produced. One main application of biphasic beads is in simultaneous fermentation and esterification (SFE) because the organic phase inside the beads is very stable and does not leach out into the culture medium. SFE is successfully conducted with an esterification yield of 6.32% using biphasic beads containing iso-octane even though the solvent is proven toxic to the butanol-producing Clostridium spp. PMID:26672465 5. Analysis of in vitro lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration by fluorescent-beads-based flow cytometric cell counting NARCIS (Netherlands) Molema, Ingrid; Mesander, G; Kroesen, Bart-Jan; Helfrich, Wijnand; Meijer, D.K F; de Leij, Lou 1998-01-01 In this report, we describe a new and simple method for flow cytometric quantitation of lymphocyte numbers in lymphocute-endothelial adhesion/transendothelial migration assays. The method exploits fluorescent flow cytometer alignment beads as a counting reference. Known amounts of beads are added to 6. Diffusion of Oligonucleotides from within Iron-Crosslinked Polyelectrolyte-Modified Alginate Beads: A Model System for Drug Release CERN Document Server Privman, Vladimir; Luz, Roberto A S; Guz, Nataliia; Glasser, M Lawrence; Katz, Evgeny 2016-01-01 We developed and experimentally verified an analytical model to describe diffusion of oligonucleotides from stable hydrogel beads. The synthesized alginate beads are Fe3+-cross-linked as well as polyelectrolyte-doped for uniformity and stability at physiological pH. Data on diffusion of oligonucleotides from inside the beads provide physical insights into the volume nature of the immobilization of a fraction of oligonucleotides due to polyelectrolyte cross-linking, i.e., the absence of the surface-layer barrier in this case. Furthermore, our results suggest a new simple approach to measuring the diffusion coefficient of the mobile oligonucleotide molecules inside hydrogel. The considered alginate beads provide a model for a well-defined component in drug release systems and for the oligonucleotide-release transduction steps in drug-delivering and biocomputing applications. This is illustrated by destabilizing the beads with citrate that induces full oligonucleotide release with non-diffusional kinetics. 7. HYDROGEL TRACER BEADS: THE DEVELOPMENT, MODIFICATION, AND TESTING OF AN INNOVATIVE TRACER FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING LNAPL TRANSPORT IN KARST AQUIFERS Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Amanda Laskoskie, Harry M. Edenborn, and Dorothy J. Vesper 2012-01-01 The goal of this specific research task is to develop proxy tracers that mimic contaminant movement to better understand and predict contaminant fate and transport in karst aquifers. Hydrogel tracer beads are transported as a separate phase than water and can used as a proxy tracer to mimic the transport of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL). They can be constructed with different densities, sizes & chemical attributes. This poster describes the creation and optimization of the beads and the field testing of buoyant beads, including sampling, tracer analysis, and quantitative analysis. The buoyant beads are transported ahead of the dissolved solutes, suggesting that light NAPL (LNAPL) transport in karst may occur faster than predicted from traditional tracing techniques. The hydrogel beads were successful in illustrating this enhanced transport. 8. Enhanced biocatalytic esterification with lipase-immobilized chitosan/graphene oxide beads. Science.gov (United States) Lau, Siaw Cheng; Lim, Hong Ngee; Basri, Mahiran; Fard Masoumi, Hamid Reza; Ahmad Tajudin, Asilah; Huang, Nay Ming; Pandikumar, Alagarsamy; Chia, Chin Hua; Chia, Chi Hua; Andou, Yoshito 2014-01-01 In this work, lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized onto chitosan/graphene oxide beads. This was to provide an enzyme-immobilizing carrier with excellent enzyme immobilization activity for an enzyme group requiring hydrophilicity on the immobilizing carrier. In addition, this work involved a process for the preparation of an enzymatically active product insoluble in a reaction medium consisting of lauric acid and oleyl alcohol as reactants and hexane as a solvent. This product enabled the stability of the enzyme under the working conditions and allowed the enzyme to be readily isolated from the support. In particular, this meant that an enzymatic reaction could be stopped by the simple mechanical separation of the "insoluble" enzyme from the reaction medium. Chitosan was incorporated with graphene oxide because the latter was able to enhance the physical strength of the chitosan beads by its superior mechanical integrity and low thermal conductivity. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the graphene oxide was successfully embedded within the structure of the chitosan. Further, the lipase incorporation on the beads was confirmed by a thermo-gravimetric analysis. The lipase immobilization on the beads involved the functionalization with coupling agents, N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium (NHS) and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), and it possessed a high enzyme activity of 64 U. The overall esterification conversion of the prepared product was 78% at 60 °C, and it attained conversions of 98% and 88% with commercially available lipozyme and novozyme, respectively, under similar experimental conditions. PMID:25127038 9. A Multiplex PCR-coupled Liquid Bead Array for the Simultaneous Detection of Four Biothreat Agents Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Wilson, W J; Erler, A M; Nasarabadi, S L; Skowronski, E W; McCready, P M 2004-02-04 We have developed a 10-plexed PCR assay coupled to a 12-plexed liquid bead array to rapidly screen environmental samples for B. anthracis, Y. pestis, F. tularensis, and B. melitensis. Highly validated species -specific primer sets were used to simultaneously amplify multiple diagnostic regions unique to each individual pathogen. Resolution of the mix of amplified products was achieved by PCR product hybridization to corresponding probe sequences, attached to unique sets of fluorescent beads. The hybridized beads were processed through a flow cytometer, which detected presence and quantity of each PCR product. The assay was optimized to allow for maximum sensitivity in a multiplexed format. A high- throughput demonstration was performed where 384 simulated environmental samples were spiked with different amounts of B. thuringensis spores and pathogen DNA. The samples were robotically processed to extract DNA and arrayed for multiplexed PCR-liquid bead detection. The assay correctly identified the presence or absence of each pathogen and collected over 3,000 individual data points within a single 8-hour shift for approximately1.20 per sample in a 10-plexed assay.

10. A flow cytometric assay technology based on quantum dots-encoded beads

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A flow cytometric detecting technology based on quantum dots (QDs)-encoded beads has been described. Using this technology, several QDs-encoded beads with different code were identified effectively, and the target molecule (DNA sequence) in solution was also detected accurately by coupling to its complementary sequence probed on QDs-encoded beads through DNA hybridization assay. The resolution of this technology for encoded beads is resulted from two longer wavelength fluorescence identification signals (yellow and red fluorescent signals of QDs), and the third shorter wavelength fluorescence signal (green reporting signal of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)) for the determination of reaction between probe and target. In experiment, because of QDs' unique optical character, only one excitation light source was needed to excite the QDs and probe dye FITC synchronously comparing with other flow cytometric assay technology. The results show that this technology has present excellent repeatability and good accuracy. It will become a promising multiple assay platform in various application fields after further improvement

11. Biosorption of radiostrontium by alginate beads. Application of isotherm models and thermodynamic studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radioactive strontium is one of the major radioactive contaminant and its contamination is a very serious concern. Therefore, there is a need for economic, effective, non-toxic, readily available and abundant adsorbent or biosorbent to remove strontium from solutions. In this study, biosorption of 85Sr as a surrogate for 90Sr onto alginate beads was investigated in a batch system. Alginate beads were prepared from Na-alginate via cross-linking with divalent calcium ions according to the egg box model. The effect of several parameters such as pH, initial strontium concentration, contact time, dosage of alginate beads and temperature were investigated. In order to optimize the design of biosorption system for the removal of strontium, it is important to establish the most appropriate correlation for equilibrium curves. The experimental isotherm data were described by 6 different biosorption isotherm models, namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Temkin, Flory-Huggins and Brunauer, Emmer and Teller, with constants obtained from linear and non-linear regression methods. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔHdeg, ΔSdeg and ΔGdeg) for strontium biosorption were also determined. The results indicate that these alginate beads have a good potential for the biosorption of strontium from solutions. (author)

12. The negative enrichment by immunomagnetic beads for tumor cells from malignant pleural effusions

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

杨俊俊

2012-01-01

Objective To establish a method (negative enrichment by immunomagnetic beads) for detection of tumor cells in pleural effusions and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the method for clinical application. Methods Five,10,20,50 and 100 A549(lung adenocarcinoma) cells were labeled with

13. Gel-Bead Delivery of Eimeria Oocysts Protects Chickens Against Coccidiosis

Science.gov (United States)

Vaccines composed of either virulent or attenuated Eimeria spp. oocysts have been developed as an alternative to medication of feed with ionophore drugs or synthetic chemicals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of gel beads containing a mixture of E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. te...

14. Facile fabrication of organic-inorganic hybrid beads by aminated alginate enabled gelation and biomimetic mineralization.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Jian; Wu, Hong; Liang, Yanpeng; Jiang, Zhongyi; Jiang, Yanjun; Zhang, Lei

2013-01-01

Inspired by biomineralization, design and preparation of biomimetic organic-inorganic composites have become a hot issue and a research frontier in many areas, including enzyme engineering. In this research, a unique and facile method for fabricating organic-inorganic hybrid beads is proposed. Modified alginate with a dual function of gelation and mineralization was synthesized for fabrication of hybrid carriers for enzyme immobilization. With the aid of EDC/NHS conjugation chemistry, the amine groups from diethylene triamine were grafted onto alginate in a controllable way. The resultant aminated alginate served manifold functions: forming a hydrogel via Ca(2+)-cross-linking, inducing the biomimetic silicification and manipulating the distribution of silica nanoparticles. Owing to the compact polymer network structure and the homogeneous silica nanoparticle dispersion, the as-prepared NH2-alginate/silica hybrid beads displayed superior swelling resistance and mechanical stability to pure alginate beads. The hybrid beads were subsequently utilized for encapsulation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH). It was found that the thermal stability, pH tolerance and storage stability of the immobilized enzyme were all improved without significantly lowering the catalytic activity.

15. Lipopolysaccharide-induced multinuclear cells: Increased internalization of polystyrene beads and possible signals for cell fusion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakanishi-Matsui, Mayumi, E-mail: nakanim@iwate-med.ac.jp; Yano, Shio; Futai, Masamitsu

2013-11-01

Highlights: •LPS induces multinuclear cells from murine macrophage-derived RAW264.7 cells. •Large beads are internalized by cells actively fusing to become multinuclear. •The multinuclear cell formation is inhibited by anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10. •Signal transduction for cell fusion is different from that for inflammation. -- Abstract: A murine macrophage-derived line, RAW264.7, becomes multinuclear on stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. These multinuclear cells internalized more polystyrene beads than mononuclear cells or osteoclasts (Nakanishi-Matsui, M., Yano, S., Matsumoto, N., and Futai, M., 2012). In this study, we analyzed the time courses of cell fusion in the presence of large beads. They were internalized into cells actively fusing to become multinuclear. However, the multinuclear cells once formed showed only low phagocytosis activity. These results suggest that formation of the multinuclear cells and bead internalization took place simultaneously. The formation of multinuclear cells was blocked by inhibitors for phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phospholipase C, calcineurin, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. In addition, interleukin 6 and 10 also exhibited inhibitory effects. These signaling molecules and cytokines may play a crucial role in the LPS-induced multinuclear cell formation.

16. Biodegradable IPN hydrogel beads of pectin and grafted alginate for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium.

Science.gov (United States)

Giri, Tapan Kumar; Thakur, Deepa; Alexander, Amit; Ajazuddin; Badwaik, Hemant; Tripathy, Minaketan; Tripathi, Dulal Krishna

2013-05-01

A novel diclofenac sodium (DS) loaded interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) beads of pectin and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-graft-sodium alginate (PAAm-g-SA) was developed through ionotropic gelation and covalent cross-linking. The graft copolymer was synthesized by free radical polymerization under the nitrogen atmosphere followed by alkaline hydrolysis. The grafting, alkaline hydrolysis, and characterization of beads were confirmed by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The crystalline structure of drug after encapsulation into IPN beads were evaluated by differential scanning colorimetry and X-ray diffraction analyses. DS encapsulation was up to 96.45 %. The effect of hydrolyzed graft copolymer/pectin ratios and glutaraldehyde concentration on drug release in acidic and phosphate buffer solutions were investigated. The release of drug was significantly increased with increase of pH. The release of drug depends on the extent of cross-linking. The results indicated that IPN beads of hydrolyzed PAAm-g-SA and pectin could be used for sustained release of DS.

17. Amphiphilic Beads as Depots for Sustained Drug Release Integrated into Fibrillar Scaffolds

Science.gov (United States)

Gaharwar, Akhilesh K.; Mihaila, Silvia M.; Kulkarni, Ashish A.; Patel, Alpesh; Di Luca, Andrea; Reis, Rui L.; Gomes, Manuela E.; van Blitterswijk, Clemens; Moroni, Lorenzo; Khademhosseini, Ali

2014-01-01

Native extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex fibrous structure loaded with bioactive cues that affects the surrounding cells. A promising strategy to mimicking native tissue architecture for tissue engineering applications is to engineer fibrous scaffolds using electrospinning. By loading appropriate bioactive cues within these fibrous scaffolds, various cellular functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation can be regulated. Here, we report on the encapsulation and sustained release of model hydrophobic drug (dexamethasone (Dex)) within beaded fibrillar scaffold of poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)-poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT), a polyether-ester multiblock copolymer to direct differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The amphiphilic beads act as depots for sustained drug release that is integrated into the fibrillar scaffolds. The entrapment of Dex within the beaded structure results in sustained release of drug over the period of 28 days. This is mainly attributed to the diffusion driven release of Dex from the amphiphilic electrospun scaffolds. In vitro results indicate that hMSCs cultured on Dex containing beaded fibrillar scaffolds exhibit an increase in osteogenic differentiation potential, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, compared to the direct infusion of Dex in culture medium. The formation of mineralized matrix is also significantly enhanced due to the controlled Dex release from the fibrous scaffolds. This approach can be used to engineer scaffolds with appropriate chemical cues to direct tissue regeneration. PMID:24794894

18. Tailored beads made of dissolved cellulose - Investigation of their drug release properties

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yildir, Emrah; Kolakovic, Ruzica; Genina, Natalja;

2013-01-01

theophylline (Thp), riboflavin 5′-phosphate sodium (RSP) and lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate (LiHCl) were used as model drug substances. The loading procedure was carried out by immersing swollen empty beads into the solutions of different concentrations of model drugs. The morphology of empty and loaded...

19. "On-chip magnetic bead microarray using hydrodynamic focusing in a passive magnetic separator"

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Smistrup, Kristian; Kjeldsen, B.; Reimers, R.L.;

2005-01-01

Implementing DNA and protein microarrays into lab-on-a-chip systems can be problematic since these are sensitive to heat and strong chemicals. Here, we describe the functionalization of a microchannel with two types of magnetic beads using hydrodynamic focusing combined with a passive magnetic...

20. Enhanced biocatalytic esterification with lipase-immobilized chitosan/graphene oxide beads.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siaw Cheng Lau

Full Text Available In this work, lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized onto chitosan/graphene oxide beads. This was to provide an enzyme-immobilizing carrier with excellent enzyme immobilization activity for an enzyme group requiring hydrophilicity on the immobilizing carrier. In addition, this work involved a process for the preparation of an enzymatically active product insoluble in a reaction medium consisting of lauric acid and oleyl alcohol as reactants and hexane as a solvent. This product enabled the stability of the enzyme under the working conditions and allowed the enzyme to be readily isolated from the support. In particular, this meant that an enzymatic reaction could be stopped by the simple mechanical separation of the "insoluble" enzyme from the reaction medium. Chitosan was incorporated with graphene oxide because the latter was able to enhance the physical strength of the chitosan beads by its superior mechanical integrity and low thermal conductivity. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the graphene oxide was successfully embedded within the structure of the chitosan. Further, the lipase incorporation on the beads was confirmed by a thermo-gravimetric analysis. The lipase immobilization on the beads involved the functionalization with coupling agents, N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium (NHS and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC, and it possessed a high enzyme activity of 64 U. The overall esterification conversion of the prepared product was 78% at 60 °C, and it attained conversions of 98% and 88% with commercially available lipozyme and novozyme, respectively, under similar experimental conditions.

1. Synthesis and Characterisation of Biocompatible Polymer-Conjugated Magnetic Beads for Enhancement Stability of Urease.

Science.gov (United States)

Doğaç, Yasemin Ispirli; Teke, Mustafa

2016-04-01

We reported natural polymer-conjugated magnetic featured urease systems for removal of urea effectively. The optimum temperature (20-60 °C), optimum pH (3.0-10.0), kinetic parameters, thermal stability (4-70 °C), pH stability (4.0-9.0), operational stability (0-250 min), reusability (18 times) and storage stability (24 weeks) were studied for characterisation of the urease-encapsulated biocompatible polymer-conjugated magnetic beads. Also, the surface groups and chemical structure of the magnetic beads were determined by using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The all urease-encapsulated magnetic beads protected their stability of 30-45 % relative activity at 70 °C. A significant increase was observed at their pH stability compared with the free urease for both acidic and alkaline medium. Besides this, their repeatability activity were approximately 100 % during 4(th) run. They showed residual activity of 50 % after 16 weeks. The importance of this work is enhancement stability of immobilised urease by biocompatible polymer-conjugated magnetic beads for the industrial application based on removal of urea.

2. Bacterial contamination of fabric and metal-bead identity card lanyards: a cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Pepper, Thomas; Hicks, Georgina; Glass, Stephen; Philpott-Howard, John

2014-01-01

In healthcare, fabric or metal-bead lanyards are universally used for carrying identity cards. However there is little information on microbial contamination with potential pathogens that may readily re-contaminate disinfected hands. We examined 108 lanyards from hospital staff. Most grew skin flora but 7/108 (6%) had potentially pathogenic bacteria: four grew methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, and four grew probable fecal flora: 3 Clostridium perfringens and 1 Clostridium bifermentans (one lanyard grew both S. aureus and C. bifermentans). Unused (control) lanyards had little or no such contamination. The median duration of lanyard wear was 12 months (interquartile range 3-36 months). 17/108 (16%) of the lanyards had reportedly undergone decontamination including wiping with alcohol, chlorhexidine or chlorine dioxide; and washing with soap and water or by washing machine. Metal-bead lanyards had significantly lower median bacterial counts than those from fabric lanyards (1 vs. 4 CFU/cm(2); Mann-Whitney U=300.5; P<0.001). 12/32 (38%) of the metal-bead lanyards grew no bacteria, compared with 2/76 (3%) of fabric lanyards. We recommend that an effective decontamination regimen be instituted by those who use fabric lanyards, or that fabric lanyards be discarded altogether in preference for metal-bead lanyards or clip-on identity cards. PMID:25151656

Science.gov (United States)

2016-02-10

4. Analog modeling of Worm-Like Chain molecules using macroscopic beads-on-a-string.

Science.gov (United States)

Tricard, Simon; Feinstein, Efraim; Shepherd, Robert F; Reches, Meital; Snyder, Phillip W; Bandarage, Dileni C; Prentiss, Mara; Whitesides, George M

2012-07-01

This paper describes an empirical model of polymer dynamics, based on the agitation of millimeter-sized polymeric beads. Although the interactions between the particles in the macroscopic model and those between the monomers of molecular-scale polymers are fundamentally different, both systems follow the Worm-Like Chain theory.

5. EFFECT OF MIG WELDING INPUT PROCESS PARAMETERS ON WELD BEAD GEOMETRY ON HSLA STEEL

OpenAIRE

MOHD. SHOEB; Prof. Mohd. Parvez; Prof. Pratibha Kumari

2013-01-01

The various welding parameters such as welding speed, voltage and gas flow rate were varied on HSLA steel and the effects of these parameters on weld bead geometry such as penetration, width & height have been studied. Mathematical equations have been developed using factorial technique. And the result of various effects are shown in tables. (Numerical Values).

6. EFFECT OF MIG WELDING INPUT PROCESS PARAMETERS ON WELD BEAD GEOMETRY ON HSLA STEEL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MOHD. SHOEB

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The various welding parameters such as welding speed, voltage and gas flow rate were varied on HSLA steel and the effects of these parameters on weld bead geometry such as penetration, width & height have been studied. Mathematical equations have been developed using factorial technique. And the result of various effects are shown in tables. (Numerical Values.

7. Prosopis alba exudate gum as excipient for improving fish oil stability in alginate-chitosan beads.

Science.gov (United States)

Vasile, Franco Emanuel; Romero, Ana María; Judis, María Alicia; Mazzobre, María Florencia

2016-01-01

The aim of the present work was to employ an exudate gum obtained from a South American wild tree (Prosopis alba), as wall material component to enhance the oxidative stability of fish oil encapsulated in alginate-chitosan beads. For this purpose, beads were vacuum-dried and stored under controlled conditions. Oxidation products, fatty acid profiles and lipid health indices were measured during storage. Alginate-chitosan interactions and the effect of gum were manifested in the FT-IR spectra. The inclusion of the gum in the gelation media allowed decreasing the oxidative damage during storage in comparison to the free oil and alginate-chitosan beads. The gum also improved wall material properties, providing higher oil retention during the drying step and subsequent storage. Fatty acids quality and lipid health indices were widely preserved in beads containing the gum. Present results showed a positive influence of the gum on oil encapsulation and stability, being the main mechanism attributed to a physical barrier effect.

8. Bead-on-plate weldability of Al 5052 alloy using a disk laser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J.-K. Kim

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The paper presents the effect of the laser welding parameters of the laser focal position and beam angle on the weldability of an Al 5052 thick plate using a 4kW disk laser.Design/methodology/approach: Bead-on-plate welding was conducted on a 10mm-thick Al 5052 plate. Aspects of the bead, including the bead surface and cross sections, were evaluated with various laser welding parameters. The porosity formation was also examined in an X-ray transmission tests.Findings: Although the penetration depth decreased as the focal point moves away from the surface, the appearance of the bead improved and the porosity decreased. The weldability according to the inclination angle of the laser beam was also investigated. It was found that a forward inclination of the laser beam (when the inclination angle is an acute angle could enhance the weldability compared with a backward inclination.Research limitations/implications: The results of the thick plate BOP welding experiments can be expanded to optimizing the Al alloy welding of thin sheets.Practical implications: It is applicable as a ground technique for the laser welding of aluminium alloy to increase the productivity and quality using the recently developed disk laser.Originality/value: The outcome of the research shows the influence of the welding parameters on weldability aspects in disk laser welding of an Al alloy.

9. Coupled acoustic-gravity field for dynamic evaluation of ion exchange with a single resin bead.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-01

A coupled acoustic-gravity field is efficient for entrapping a particle at the position determined by its acoustic properties rather than its size. This field has been applied to the dynamic observation of ion-exchange reactions occurring in a single resin bead. The replacement of counterions in an ion-exchange resin induces changes in its acoustic properties, such as density and compressibility. Therefore, we can visually trace the advancement of an ion-exchange reaction as a time change in the levitation position of a resin bead entrapped in the field. Cation-exchange reactions occurring in resin beads with diameters of 40-120 microm are typically completed within 100-200 s. Ion-exchange equilibrium or kinetics is often evaluated with off-line chemical analyses, which require a batch amount of ion exchangers. Measurements with a single resin particle allow us to evaluate ion-exchange dynamics and kinetics of ions including those that are difficult to measure by usual off-line analyses. The diffusion properties of ions in resins have been successfully evaluated from the time change in the levitation positions of resin beads. PMID:20462180

10. In vitro affinity screening of protein and peptide binders by megavalent bead surface display.

Science.gov (United States)

Diamante, Letizia; Gatti-Lafranconi, Pietro; Schaerli, Yolanda; Hollfelder, Florian

2013-10-01

The advent of protein display systems has provided access to tailor-made protein binders by directed evolution. We introduce a new in vitro display system, bead surface display (BeSD), in which a gene is mounted on a bead via strong non-covalent (streptavidin/biotin) interactions and the corresponding protein is displayed via a covalent thioether bond on the DNA. In contrast to previous monovalent or low-copy bead display systems, multiple copies of the DNA and the protein or peptide of interest are displayed in defined quantities (up to 10(6) of each), so that flow cytometry can be used to obtain a measure of binding affinity. The utility of the BeSD in directed evolution is validated by library selections of randomized peptide sequences for binding to the anti-hemagglutinin (HA) antibody that proceed with enrichments in excess of 10(3) and lead to the isolation of high-affinity HA-tags within one round of flow cytometric screening. On-bead K(d) measurements suggest that the selected tags have affinities in the low nanomolar range. In contrast to other display systems (such as ribosome, mRNA and phage display) that are limited to affinity panning selections, BeSD possesses the ability to screen and rank binders by their affinity in vitro, a feature that hitherto has been exclusive to in vivo multivalent cell display systems (such as yeast display).

11. Specificity and kinetics of norovirus binding to magnetic bead- conjugated histo-blood group antigens

Science.gov (United States)

Histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) have been identified as candidate receptors for human norovirus (NOR). Type A, type H1, and Lewis histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in humans have been identified as major targets for NOR binding. Pig HBGA-conjugated magnetic beads have been utilized as a means ...

12. Preparation and Characterization of Alginate-Hyaluronic Acid-chitosan based Composite Gel Beads

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

HU Yan; ZHENG Mengzhu; DONG Xiaoying; ZHAO Dan; CHENG Han; XIAO Xincai

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to fabricate composite gel beads based on natural polysaccharides. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and Chitosan (CS) were successfully admixed with Ca2+/alginate (SA) gel system to produce SA/HA/CS gel beads by dual crosslinking:the ionic gelation and the polyelectrolyte complexation. The preparation procedure was that the weight ratio of SA (2%, m/v) to HA (2%, m/v) was kept at 2:1, then the mixture was dripped into the Ca2+solution for ion-crosslinking, and finally polyelectrolyte crosslinked with 2%low molecular weight CS (LMW-CS) for 1.5 hours. The optimal formulation was achieved by adjusting the concentration and the weight ratio of SA, HA and LMW-CS. Due to the incorporation of HA and LMW-CS, the swelling ratio of the beads at pH 7.4 was increased up to 120, and the time for the maximum swelling degree was prolonged to 7.5 h. The swelling behavior was obviously improved compared to the pure SA/Ca2+system. The preliminary results clearly suggest that the SA/HA/CS gel beads may be a potential candidate for biomedical delivery vehicles.

13. Bead-on-string structure printed by electrohydrodynamic jet under alternating current electric field

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Juan; Lin, Yihuang; Jiang, Jiaxin; Liu, Haiyan; Zhao, Yang; Zheng, Gaofeng

2016-09-01

Electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP) under alternating current (AC) electric field provides a novel way for the precise micro-/nano-droplet printing. The AC electric field induces the free charge to reciprocate along the EHDP jet and changes the electric field force on the jet periodically. The stability of jet can be enhanced by increasing the voltage frequency, and the regular bead-on-string structure is direct-written along the trajectory of collector. The deposition frequency of bead structure increases with the increasing of voltage frequency, due to the short period of AC electric field. As the voltage frequency is increased from 10 to 60 Hz, the diameter of bead structure decreases from 200 to 110 µm. As the duty ration increased from 10 to 60 %, the diameter of bead structure increased from 100 to 140 µm. This work would accelerate the development and the application of micro-/nano-printing technology in the fields of flexible electronic and micro-/nano-system.

14. On-chip magnetic bead-based DNA melting curve analysis using a magnetoresistive sensor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rizzi, Giovanni, E-mail: giori@nanotech.dtu.dk; Østerberg, Frederik W.; Henriksen, Anders D.; Dufva, Martin; Hansen, Mikkel F., E-mail: mikkel.hansen@nanotech.dtu.dk

2015-04-15

We present real-time measurements of DNA melting curves in a chip-based system that detects the amount of surface-bound magnetic beads using magnetoresistive magnetic field sensors. The sensors detect the difference between the amount of beads bound to the top and bottom sensor branches of the differential sensor geometry. The sensor surfaces are functionalized with wild type (WT) and mutant type (MT) capture probes, differing by a single base insertion (a single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP). Complementary biotinylated targets in suspension couple streptavidin magnetic beads to the sensor surface. The beads are magnetized by the field arising from the bias current passed through the sensors. We demonstrate the first on-chip measurements of the melting of DNA hybrids upon a ramping of the temperature. This overcomes the limitation of using a single washing condition at constant temperature. Moreover, we demonstrate that a single sensor bridge can be used to genotype a SNP. - Highlights: • We apply magnetoresistive sensors to study solid-surface hybridization kinetics of DNA. • We measure DNA melting profiles for perfectly matching DNA duplexes and for a single base mismatch. • We present a procedure to correct for temperature dependencies of the sensor output. • We reliably extract melting temperatures for the DNA hybrids. • We demonstrate direct measurement of differential binding signal for two probes on a single sensor.

15. Magnetic polymer beads: Recent trends and developments in synthetic design and applications

KAUST Repository

Philippova, Olga

2011-04-01

The paper describes the synthesis, properties and applications of magnetic polymer beads. State-of-the-art, future challenges, and promising trends in this field are analyzed. New applications in oil recovery are described. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

16. Biodegradable IPN hydrogel beads of pectin and grafted alginate for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium.

Science.gov (United States)

Giri, Tapan Kumar; Thakur, Deepa; Alexander, Amit; Ajazuddin; Badwaik, Hemant; Tripathy, Minaketan; Tripathi, Dulal Krishna

2013-05-01

A novel diclofenac sodium (DS) loaded interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) beads of pectin and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-graft-sodium alginate (PAAm-g-SA) was developed through ionotropic gelation and covalent cross-linking. The graft copolymer was synthesized by free radical polymerization under the nitrogen atmosphere followed by alkaline hydrolysis. The grafting, alkaline hydrolysis, and characterization of beads were confirmed by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The crystalline structure of drug after encapsulation into IPN beads were evaluated by differential scanning colorimetry and X-ray diffraction analyses. DS encapsulation was up to 96.45 %. The effect of hydrolyzed graft copolymer/pectin ratios and glutaraldehyde concentration on drug release in acidic and phosphate buffer solutions were investigated. The release of drug was significantly increased with increase of pH. The release of drug depends on the extent of cross-linking. The results indicated that IPN beads of hydrolyzed PAAm-g-SA and pectin could be used for sustained release of DS. PMID:23423649

17. General Approach to the Immobilization of Glycoenzyme Chains Inside Calcium Alginate Beads for Bioassay.

Science.gov (United States)

Mallardi, Antonia; Angarano, Valeria; Magliulo, Maria; Torsi, Luisa; Palazzo, Gerardo

2015-11-17

A general method to obtain the efficient entrapment of mixtures of glycoenzymes in calcium alginate hydrogel is proposed in this paper. As a proof of principle, three glycoenzymes acting in series (trehalase, glucose oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase) have been coimmobilized in calcium alginate beads. The release of the enzymes from the hydrogel mesh (leakage) is avoided by exploiting the enzyme's aggregation induced by the concanavalin A. The aggregation process has been monitored by dynamic light scattering technique, while both enzyme encapsulation efficiency and leakage have been quantified spectrophotometrically. Obtained data show an encapsulation efficiency above 95% and a negligible leakage from the beads when enzyme aggregates are larger than 300 nm. Operational stability of "as prepared" beads has been largely improved by a coating of alternated shells of polycation poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and of alginate. As a test for the effectiveness of the overall procedure, analytical bioassays exploiting the enzyme-containing beads have been developed for the optical determination of glucose and trehalose, and limit of detection values of 0.2 and of 40 μM, respectively, have been obtained.

18. Easily recoverable titanosilicate zeolite beads with hierarchical porosity: Preparation and application as oxidation catalysts

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cheng, Wenjing; Jiang, Yanqiu; Xu, Xianzhu; Wang, Yan; Lin, Kaifeng; Pescarmona, Paolo P.

2016-01-01

Titanosilicate zeolite beads with hierarchical porosity and 0.2-0.5 mm diameter (HPB-TS-1) have been synthesized from a titanosilicate solution, employing a porous anion-exchange resin as shape- and structure-directing template. The characterization results showed the existence of crystalline TS-1 n

19. Micromachined filter-chamber array with passive valves for biochemical assays on beads

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lichtenberg, Jan; Verpoorte, Elisabeth; De Rooij, Nico F.

2001-01-01

The filter-chamber array presented here enables a real-time parallel analysis of three different samples on beads in a volume of 3 nL, on a 1 cm2chip. The filter-chamber array is a system containing three filter-chambers, three passive valves at the inlet channels and a common outlet. The design ena

20. Compression of coated drug beads for sustained release tablet of glipizide: formulation, and dissolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Chien; Christensen, J Mark; Ayres, James W

2014-02-01

A promising glipizide formulation comprising compression of four-layer coated beads into tablets was prepared. The tablet offered the advantages of: a two-hour lag time before drug release, retaining sustained release characteristics and providing approximately zero-order drug release. Drug release was nearly independent of paddle speeds of 50 and 100 rpm releasing 80% over 14 h similar to the commercial glipizide osmotic pump tablet during dissolution testing while keeping the benefits of multiparticular dosage forms. The tablets contain beads with four layers: (1) the innermost layer consists of 2.5 g glipizide and 3.75 g solid ethylcellulose (Surelease®) coated onto 71.25 g of sugar beads; (2) next a hardening layer of 5 g of hypromellose; (3) the controlled release layer of 7.5 g of Surelease®:lactose at a solids ratio of 100:7 and (4) an outermost layer of 20 g of lactose:sodium starch glycolate (Explotab®) at a 2:1 ratio. Then, beads were compressed into tablets containing 11 mg of glipizide using 1500 lbs of compression pressure. The dissolution test similarity factor (f2) was above 50 for all test conditions for formulation F13 and Glucotrol® with a high of 69.9. The two Surelease® layers both aid controlling drug release, with the Surelease®-drug layer affecting drug release to a greater extent. PMID:23259589

1. Monodisperse mesoporous anatase beads as high performance and safer anodes for lithium ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, Erwin F.; Chen, Dehong; Hollenkamp, Anthony F.; Cao, Lu; Caruso, Rachel A.

2015-10-01

To achieve high efficiency lithium ion batteries (LIBs), an effective active material is important. In this regard, monodisperse mesoporous titania beads (MMTBs) featuring well interconnected nanoparticles were synthesised, and their mesoporous properties were tuned to study how these affect the electrochemical performance in LIBs. Two pore diameters of 15 and 25 nm, three bead diameters of 360, 800 and 2100 nm, and various annealing temperatures (from 300 to 650 °C) were investigated. The electrochemical results showed that while the pore size does not significantly influence the electrochemical behaviour, the specific surface area and the nanocrystal size affect the performance. Also, there is an optimum annealing temperature that enhances electron transfer across the titania bead structure. The carbon content employed in the electrode was varied, showing that the bead diameter strongly influences the minimal content of the conductive carbon required to fabricate the electrode. As a general rule, the smaller the bead diameter, the more carbon was required in the electrode. A large energy capacity and high current rate performance were achieved on the MMTBs featuring high surface area, nano-sized anatase crystals and well-sintered connections between the nanocrystals. The high stability of these mesoporous structures was demonstrated by charge/discharge cycling up to 500 cycles. Devices constructed with the MMTBs retained more than 80% of the initial capacity, indicating an excellent performance.To achieve high efficiency lithium ion batteries (LIBs), an effective active material is important. In this regard, monodisperse mesoporous titania beads (MMTBs) featuring well interconnected nanoparticles were synthesised, and their mesoporous properties were tuned to study how these affect the electrochemical performance in LIBs. Two pore diameters of 15 and 25 nm, three bead diameters of 360, 800 and 2100 nm, and various annealing temperatures (from 300 to 650

2. Fluorescent Beads Are a Versatile Tool for Staging Caenorhabditis elegans in Different Life Histories.

Science.gov (United States)

Nika, Liberta; Gibson, Taylor; Konkus, Rebecca; Karp, Xantha

2016-07-07

Precise staging of Caenorhabditis elegans is essential for developmental studies in different environmental conditions. In favorable conditions, larvae develop continuously through four larval stages separated by molting periods. Distinguishing molting from intermolt larvae has been achieved using transgenes with molting reporters, therefore requiring strain constructions, or careful observation of individuals for pharyngeal pumping or behavioral quiescence. In unfavorable conditions, larvae can enter the stress-resistant and developmentally arrested dauer larva stage. Identifying dauer larvae has been based on their ability to withstand detergent selection, precluding identification of recovering animals or of mutants with defects in dauer morphogenesis. Here, we describe a simple method to distinguish molting larvae or dauer larvae from intermolt larvae that bypasses the limitations of current methods. Fluorescent latex beads are mixed with the bacterial food source and ingested by intermolt larvae and adults. Molting and dauer larvae do not feed, and therefore lack beads in their digestive tract. The presence of beads can be determined using a dissecting microscope at magnifications as low as 100 ×, or by using a wormsorter for high-throughput experiments. We find that continuously developing bead-lacking larvae display hallmarks of molting, including expression of the mlt-10::gfp molting marker and a lack of pharyngeal pumping. Furthermore, wild-type and mutant dauer larvae produced by any of three common methods are accurately identified by a lack of beads. Importantly, this method is effective in SDS-sensitive mutant backgrounds and can identify recovering dauer larvae, a stage for which there is no other method of positive selection.

3. Fluorescent Beads Are a Versatile Tool for Staging Caenorhabditis elegans in Different Life Histories

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liberta Nika

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Precise staging of Caenorhabditis elegans is essential for developmental studies in different environmental conditions. In favorable conditions, larvae develop continuously through four larval stages separated by molting periods. Distinguishing molting from intermolt larvae has been achieved using transgenes with molting reporters, therefore requiring strain constructions, or careful observation of individuals for pharyngeal pumping or behavioral quiescence. In unfavorable conditions, larvae can enter the stress-resistant and developmentally arrested dauer larva stage. Identifying dauer larvae has been based on their ability to withstand detergent selection, precluding identification of recovering animals or of mutants with defects in dauer morphogenesis. Here, we describe a simple method to distinguish molting larvae or dauer larvae from intermolt larvae that bypasses the limitations of current methods. Fluorescent latex beads are mixed with the bacterial food source and ingested by intermolt larvae and adults. Molting and dauer larvae do not feed, and therefore lack beads in their digestive tract. The presence of beads can be determined using a dissecting microscope at magnifications as low as 100 ×, or by using a wormsorter for high-throughput experiments. We find that continuously developing bead-lacking larvae display hallmarks of molting, including expression of the mlt-10::gfp molting marker and a lack of pharyngeal pumping. Furthermore, wild-type and mutant dauer larvae produced by any of three common methods are accurately identified by a lack of beads. Importantly, this method is effective in SDS-sensitive mutant backgrounds and can identify recovering dauer larvae, a stage for which there is no other method of positive selection.

4. Fluorescent Beads Are a Versatile Tool for Staging Caenorhabditis elegans in Different Life Histories

Science.gov (United States)

Nika, Liberta; Gibson, Taylor; Konkus, Rebecca; Karp, Xantha

2016-01-01

Precise staging of Caenorhabditis elegans is essential for developmental studies in different environmental conditions. In favorable conditions, larvae develop continuously through four larval stages separated by molting periods. Distinguishing molting from intermolt larvae has been achieved using transgenes with molting reporters, therefore requiring strain constructions, or careful observation of individuals for pharyngeal pumping or behavioral quiescence. In unfavorable conditions, larvae can enter the stress-resistant and developmentally arrested dauer larva stage. Identifying dauer larvae has been based on their ability to withstand detergent selection, precluding identification of recovering animals or of mutants with defects in dauer morphogenesis. Here, we describe a simple method to distinguish molting larvae or dauer larvae from intermolt larvae that bypasses the limitations of current methods. Fluorescent latex beads are mixed with the bacterial food source and ingested by intermolt larvae and adults. Molting and dauer larvae do not feed, and therefore lack beads in their digestive tract. The presence of beads can be determined using a dissecting microscope at magnifications as low as 100 ×, or by using a wormsorter for high-throughput experiments. We find that continuously developing bead-lacking larvae display hallmarks of molting, including expression of the mlt-10::gfp molting marker and a lack of pharyngeal pumping. Furthermore, wild-type and mutant dauer larvae produced by any of three common methods are accurately identified by a lack of beads. Importantly, this method is effective in SDS-sensitive mutant backgrounds and can identify recovering dauer larvae, a stage for which there is no other method of positive selection. PMID:27172224

5. Viral RNA testing and automation on the bead-based CBNE detection microsystem.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galambos, Paul C.; Bourdon, Christopher Jay; Farrell, Cara M.; Rossito, Paul (University of California at Davis); McClain, Jaime L.; Derzon, Mark Steven; Cullor, James Sterling (University of California at Davis); Rahimian, Kamayar

2008-09-01

We developed prototype chemistry for nucleic acid hybridization on our bead-based diagnostics platform and we established an automatable bead handling protocol capable of 50 part-per-billion (ppb) sensitivity. We are working towards a platform capable of parallel, rapid (10 minute), raw sample testing for orthogonal (in this case nucleic acid and immunoassays) identification of biological (and other) threats in a single sensor microsystem. In this LDRD we developed the nucleic acid chemistry required for nucleic acid hybridization. Our goal is to place a non-cell associated RNA virus (Bovine Viral Diarrhea, BVD) on the beads for raw sample testing. This key pre-requisite to showing orthogonality (nucleic acid measurements can be performed in parallel with immunoassay measurements). Orthogonal detection dramatically reduces false positives. We chose BVD because our collaborators (UC-Davis) can supply samples from persistently infected animals; and because proof-of-concept field testing can be performed with modification of the current technology platform at the UC Davis research station. Since BVD is a cattle-prone disease this research dovetails with earlier immunoassay work on Botulinum toxin simulant testing in raw milk samples. Demonstration of BVD RNA detection expands the repertoire of biological macromolecules that can be adapted to our bead-based detection. The resources of this late start LDRD were adequate to partially demonstrate the conjugation of the beads to the nucleic acids. It was never expected to be adequate for a full live virus test but to motivate that additional investment. In addition, we were able to reduce the LOD (Limit of Detection) for the botulinum toxin stimulant to 50 ppb from the earlier LOD of 1 ppm. A low LOD combined with orthogonal detection provides both low false negatives and low false positives. The logical follow-on steps to this LDRD research are to perform live virus identification as well as concurrent nucleic acid and

6. PS injection area

CERN Multimedia

1974-01-01

Looking against the direction of protons in the main ring (left): the beam coming from the linac 1 either goes to the booster (on the right) or is deflected towards the PS to be directly injected into section 26 (facing the camera). Also shown the start of the TT2 line, ejected from straight section 16 to go towards the ISR passing over the beam line from the linac. (see Photo Archive 7409009)

7. A Wide-Field Fluorescence Microscope Extension for Ultrafast Screening of One-Bead One-Compound Libraries Using a Spectral Image Subtraction Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Heusermann, Wolf; Ludin, Beat; Pham, Nhan T; Auer, Manfred; Weidemann, Thomas; Hintersteiner, Martin

2016-05-01

8. A Wide-Field Fluorescence Microscope Extension for Ultrafast Screening of One-Bead One-Compound Libraries Using a Spectral Image Subtraction Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Heusermann, Wolf; Ludin, Beat; Pham, Nhan T; Auer, Manfred; Weidemann, Thomas; Hintersteiner, Martin

2016-05-01

9. Amphotericin B Lipid Complex Injection

Science.gov (United States)

Amphotericin B lipid complex injection is used to treat serious, possibly life-threatening fungal infections in people who did not respond ... to tolerate conventional amphotericin B therapy. Amphotericin B lipid complex injection is in a class of medications ...

10. Dihydroergotamine Injection and Nasal Spray

Science.gov (United States)

Migranal® Nasal Spray ... inject subcutaneously (under the skin) and as a spray to be used in the nose. It is ... that you know how to use the nasal spray or administer the injection correctly. After that, you ...

11. Spheromak injection into a tokamak

OpenAIRE

Brown, M R; Bellan, P. M.

1990-01-01

Recent results from the Caltech spheromak injection experiment [to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.] are reported. First, current drive by spheromak injection into the ENCORE tokamak as a result of the process of magnetic helicity injection is observed. An initial 30% increase in plasma current is observed followed by a drop by a factor of 3 because of sudden plasma cooling. Second, spheromak injection results in an increase of tokamak central density by a factor of 6. The high-current/high-density...

12. Alginate and Algal-Based Beads for the Sorption of Metal Cations: Cu(II) and Pb(II).

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shengye; Vincent, Thierry; Faur, Catherine; Guibal, Eric

2016-01-01

Alginate and algal-biomass (Laminaria digitata) beads were prepared by homogeneous Ca ionotropic gelation. In addition, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked poly (ethyleneimine) (PEI) was incorporated into algal beads. The three sorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX): the sorption occurs in the whole mass of the sorbents. Sorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of pH, sorption isotherms, and uptake kinetics. A special attention was paid to the effect of drying (air-drying vs. freeze-drying) on the mass transfer properties. For alginate, freeze drying is required for maintaining the porosity of the hydrogel, while for algal-based sorbents the swelling of the material minimizes the impact of the drying procedure. The maximum sorption capacities observed from experiments were 415, 296 and 218 mg Pb g(-1) and 112, 77 and 67 mg Cu g(-1) for alginate, algal and algal/PEI beads respectively. Though the sorption capacities of algal-beads decreased slightly (compared to alginate beads), the greener and cheaper one-pot synthesis of algal beads makes this sorbent more competitive for environmental applications. PEI in algal beads decreases the sorption properties in the case of the sorption of metal cations under selected experimental conditions. PMID:27598128

13. Degradation of synthetic pollutants in real wastewater using laccase encapsulated in core-shell magnetic copper alginate beads.

Science.gov (United States)

Le, Thao Thanh; Murugesan, Kumarasamy; Lee, Chung-Seop; Vu, Chi Huong; Chang, Yoon-Seok; Jeon, Jong-Rok

2016-09-01

Immobilization of laccase has been highlighted to enhance their stability and reusability in bioremediation. In this study, we provide a novel immobilization technique that is very suitable to real wastewater treatment. A perfect core-shell system composing copper alginate for the immobilization of laccase (Lac-beads) was produced. Additionally, nFe2O3 was incorporated for the bead recycling through magnetic force. The beads were proven to immobilize 85.5% of total laccase treated and also to be structurally stable in water, acetate buffer, and real wastewater. To test the Lac-beads reactivity, triclosan (TCS) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) were employed. The Lac-beads showed a high percentage of TCS removal (89.6%) after 8h and RBBR decolonization at a range from 54.2% to 75.8% after 4h. Remarkably, the pollutants removal efficacy of the Lac-beads was significantly maintained in real wastewater with the bead recyclability, whereas that of the corresponding free laccase was severely deteriorated. PMID:27240236

14. Post-crosslinking towards stimuli-responsive sodium alginate beads for the removal of dye and heavy metals.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Ting; Xiang, Tao; Huang, Xue-Lian; Li, Cheng; Zhao, Wei-Feng; Zhang, Qian; Zhao, Chang-Sheng

2015-11-20

15. Electrical and gas sensing properties of binder-free bead of SnO/sub 2/ powder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An aqueous paste of commercial powder of SnO/sub 2/, containing no binding additives, was manually molded into a spherical bead of -3 mm diameter and was allowed to dry in air at the tips of two parallel copper wires, inserted there in the bead while in the wet state. The bead was positioned in a self-fabricated thermostatically controlled glass reactor and subjected to heat treatment in the thermal cycle, performed in the temperature range 150 -350 degree C in the ambient of nitrogen, static air, and dynamic air either clean or loaded with varying amounts of the automobile exhaust gases. It was noted that thermal cycle significantly affected the shape of the electrical resistance vs temperature trace of the bead, irrespective of the nature of the reactor ambient. The observed results were ascribed to the dependence of the bulk and surface properties of the bead material to the given treatment and ambient composition in a sensitive manner. Moreover, it was found that the presence of automobile exhaust gases caused a reduction in the resistance of the bead matelial at the given temperature. The latter facts were explained on the basis of the interaction of the reducing components of the automobile gases with the oxygen molecules, present on the surface of the bead in the adsorbed state. (author)

16. Reductant injection and mixing system

Science.gov (United States)

Reeves, Matt; Henry, Cary A.; Ruth, Michael J.

2016-02-16

A gaseous reductant injection and mixing system is described herein. The system includes an injector for injecting a gaseous reductant into an exhaust gas stream, and a mixer attached to a surface of the injector. The injector includes a plurality of apertures through which the gaseous reductant is injected into an exhaust gas stream. The mixer includes a plurality of fluid deflecting elements.

17. The preparation of inorganic ion exchanger - polymer composite bead for the treatment of radioactive liquid waste and heavy metal ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jung, K. T.; Kim, K. W.; Shul, Y. G. [Yonsei University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of ); Moon, J. K.; Park, S. Y.; Jung, C. H.; Oh, W. Z. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1997-12-31

A composite bead combining inorganic ion exchanger and oraginc polymer was prepared to develop a high performance adsorbent for removal of the radionuclides and heavy metal in aqueous solution. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and chitosan were used for organic materials, and titanium oxide was used for inorganic material. The composite bead sizes were in the range of 2.2 to 2.6 mm, resulting in the 20% increase in comparison with the organic beads. The size variance with experimental conditions and the swelling characteristics were also investigated. (author) 4 refs., 9 figs.

18. Evaluation of the impact of viscosity, injection volume, and injection flow rate on subcutaneous injection tolerance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Berteau C

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Cecile Berteau,1 Orchidée Filipe-Santos,1 Tao Wang,2 Humberto E Rojas,2 Corinne Granger,1 Florence Schwarzenbach1 1Becton-Dickinson Medical Pharmaceutical Systems, Le Pont de Claix, France; 2Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA Aim: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fluid injection viscosity in combination with different injection volumes and flow rates on subcutaneous (SC injection pain tolerance. Methods: The study was a single-center, comparative, randomized, crossover, Phase I study in 24 healthy adults. Each participant received six injections in the abdomen area of either a 2 or 3 mL placebo solution, with three different fluid viscosities (1, 8–10, and 15–20 cP combined with two different injection flow rates (0.02 and 0.3 mL/s. All injections were performed with 50 mL syringes and 27G, 6 mm needles. Perceived injection pain was assessed using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS (0 mm/no pain, 100 mm/extreme pain. The location and depth of the injected fluid was assessed through 2D ultrasound echography images. Results: Viscosity levels had significant impact on perceived injection pain (P=0.0003. Specifically, less pain was associated with high viscosity (VAS =12.6 mm than medium (VAS =16.6 mm or low (VAS =22.1 mm viscosities, with a significant difference between high and low viscosities (P=0.0002. Target injection volume of 2 or 3 mL was demonstrated to have no significant impact on perceived injection pain (P=0.89. Slow (0.02 mL/s or fast (0.30 mL/s injection rates also showed no significant impact on perceived pain during SC injection (P=0.79. In 92% of injections, the injected fluid was located exclusively in SC tissue whereas the remaining injected fluids were found located in SC and/or intradermal layers. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that solutions of up to 3 mL and up to 15–20 cP injected into the abdomen within 10 seconds are well tolerated without pain. High

19. MKI UFOs at Injection

CERN Document Server

Baer, T; Bartmann, W; Bracco, C; Carlier, E; Chanavat, C; Drosdal, L; Garrel, N; Goddard, B; Kain, V; Mertens, V; Uythoven, J; Wenninger, J; Zerlauth, M

2011-01-01

During the MD, the production mechanism of UFOs at the injection kicker magnets (MKIs) was studied. This was done by pulsing the MKIs on a gap in the circulating beam, which led to an increased number of UFOs. In total 43 UFO type beam loss patterns at the MKIs were observed during the MD. The MD showed that pulsing the MKIs directly induces UFO type beam loss patterns. From the temporal characteristics of the loss profile, estimations about the dynamics of the UFOs are made.

20. SQL Injection Defenses

CERN Document Server

Nystrom, Martin

2007-01-01

This Short Cut introduces you to how SQL injection vulnerabilities work, what makes applications vulnerable, and how to protect them. It helps you find your vulnerabilities with analysis and testing tools and describes simple approaches for fixing them in the most popular web-programming languages. This Short Cut also helps you protect your live applications by describing how to monitor for and block attacks before your data is stolen. Hacking is an increasingly criminal enterprise, and web applications are an attractive path to identity theft. If the applications you build, manage, or guar

1. A study of glass beads from Phum Snay Iron Age archaeological site and settlement, Cambodia Data from excavation in 2001 and 2003

OpenAIRE

Sophy SONG

2010-01-01

The study of beads in Phum Snay Iron Age Site and Settlement which is in danger since 2000 because it was looted the site and sold out its artifacts. There are 349 beads were analysis received from the archaeological data in both years excavation in 2001 and 2003. All of beads were analyzed macroscopic but only 100 beads were brought from Cambodia to Paris for the chemical analysis.Among them 75 glass beads were done with the compositional analysis by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma...

2. On L-injective Covers

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

周德旭

2004-01-01

We use the class of L-injective modules to define L-injective covers, and provide the characterizations of L-injective covers by the properties of kernels of homomorphisms. We prove that the right L-noetherian right L-hereditary ring is just such that every right R-module has an L-injective cover which is monic. We also use kernels of homomorphisms to investigate L-simple L-injective covers and give some constructions ofL-simple L-iniective covers.

3. Epidemiology of Injection Drug Use

Science.gov (United States)

Arruda, Nelson; Bruneau, Julie; Jutras-Aswad, Didier

2016-01-01

After more than 30 years of research, numerous studies have shown that injection drug use is associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes such as drug overdoses, drug-related suicidal behaviours, comorbid psychiatric disorders, bloodborne pathogens and other infectious diseases, and traumas. This review explores new trends and prominent issues associated with injection drug use. The dynamic nature of injection drug use is underlined by examining its recent trends and changing patterns in Canada and other “high-income countries.” Three research topics that could further contribute to the development of comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies aimed at people who inject drugs are also discussed: risk behaviours associated with the injection of prescription opioids, binge injection drug use, and mental health problems as determinants of injection risk behaviours. PMID:27254088

4. The use of fibrin beads for tissue engineering and subsequential transplantation.

Science.gov (United States)

Perka, C; Arnold, U; Spitzer, R S; Lindenhayn, K

2001-06-01

New biological technologies such as tissue engineering procedures require the transplantation of functionally active cells within supportive carrier matrices. This paper describes a sequential culture procedure for different types of cells. The technique includes the initial preparation of a mixed alginate-fibrin vehicle that guaranteed an initial cell proliferation and differentiation to establish a stable matrix structure, and the subsequent removal of the alginate component prior to transplantation to circumvent the problem of missing bioresorbability. The resulting biodegradable carrier is mechanically stable and promotes further tissue maturation. Chondrocytes, periosteal-derived cells, as well as nucleus pulposus cells were entrapped in fibrin-alginate beads and in fibrin beads. The results indicate a promising technical approach to create stable transplants for reconstructive surgery of cartilage and bone.

5. Encapsulation of liquid smoke flavoring in ca-alginate and ca-alginate-chitosan beads.

Science.gov (United States)

Petzold, Guillermo; Gianelli, María Pia; Bugueño, Graciela; Celan, Raymond; Pavez, Constanza; Orellana, Patricio

2014-01-01

Encapsulation is a technique used in foods that may protect some compounds with sensory impact, in particular flavoring as liquid smoke. We used the dripping method, obtaining two different layers for encapsulation of liquid smoke: calcium alginate and calcium alginate-chitosan. The results show that the load capacity of liquid smoke encapsulation reached values above 96 %. The beads exhibit syneresis at room temperature, but in opposite side, refrigeration temperature stabilizes the hydrogel of beads, allowing the samples loss weight less than 3 % after 72 h. Heated capsules with liquid smoke released several volatile compounds in the headspace and may identify 66 compounds. Among these volatile compounds, phenols derivatives can be considered sensory descriptors to contribute to the specific flavor of smoke. We conclude that the dripping method is highly efficient to encapsulate liquid smoke and released several volatile compounds, although it is necessary to minimize syneresis at room temperature.

6. Plant Roots Increase Bacterivorous Nematode Dispersion through Nonuniform Glass-bead Media.

Science.gov (United States)

Trap, Jean; Bernard, Laetitia; Brauman, Alain; Pablo, Anne-Laure; Plassard, Claude; Ranoarisoa, Mahafaka Patricia; Blanchart, Eric

2015-12-01

Dispersion of bacterivorous nematodes in soil is a crucial ecological process that permits settlement and exploitation of new bacterial-rich patches. Although plant roots, by modifying soil structure, are likely to influence this process, they have so far been neglected. In this study, using an original three-compartment microcosm experimental design and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bars to mimic plant roots, we tested the ability of roots to improve the dispersion of bacterivorous nematode populations through two wet, nonuniform granular (glass bead) media imitating contrasting soil textures. We showed that artificial roots increased migration time of bacterivorous nematode populations in the small-bead medium, suggesting that plant roots may play an important role in nematode dispersion in fine-textured soils or when soil compaction is high. PMID:26941457

7. A study on the prediction of bead geometry in the robotic welding system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The gas metal are (GMA) welding is one of the most widely-used processes in metal joining process that involves the melting and solidification of the joined materials. To solve this problem, we have carried out the sequential experiment based on a Taguchi method and identified the various problems that result from the robotic GMA welding process to characterize the GMA welding process and establish guidelines for the most effective joint design. Also using multiple regression analysis with the help of a standard statistical package program, SPSS, on an IBM-compatible PC, three empirical models (linear, interaction, quadratic model) have been developed for off-line control which studies the influence of welding parameters on bead width and compares their influences on the bead width to check which process parameter is most affecting. These models developed have been employed for the prediction of optimal welding parameters and assisted in the generation of process control algorithms

8. A fluorescent sandwich assay for thrombin using aptamer modified magnetic beads and quantum dots

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We describe an aptamer-based sandwich assay for thrombin by using a pair of thrombin-binding aptamers, namely one 15-mer aptamer (denoted as Apt15) and one 29-mer aptamer (denoted as Apt29). Either Apt29 or Apt15 can be used as capture aptamers on magnetic beads or reporter aptamers on the quantum dots to form the sandwich complex. Detection of thrombin is achieved by the fluorescent measurement of quantum dots in the sandwich complex. The choice of capture aptamers and reporter aptamers, and the effect of the addition order of the aptamers modified magnetic beads and the aptamers modified quantum dots were investigated. Detection of 0.05 nM thrombin was accomplished. The proteins hemoglobin, lysozyme, and transferrin did not interfere in this assay. (author)

9. Development of a new antibacterial biomaterial by tetracycline immobilization on calcium-alginate beads.

Science.gov (United States)

Ozseker, Emine Erdogan; Akkaya, Alper

2016-10-20

In recent years, increasing risk of infection, caused by resistant microorganism to antibiotics, has become the limelight discovery of new and natural antibacterial materials. Heavy metals, such as silver, copper, mercury and titanium, have antibacterial activity. Products, which improved these metals, do not have stable antibacterial property. Therefore, use of these products is restricted. The aim of this study was to immobilize tetracycline to alginate and improve an antibacterial biomaterial. For this purpose, calcium-alginate beads were formed by dropping to calcium-chloride solution and tetracycline was immobilized to beads using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide at optimum conditions. After immobilization, actualization of immobilization was investigated by analyzing ATR-FTIR spectrum and SEM images. Also, antibacterial property of obtained product was tested. Improved product demonstrated antibacterial property. It has potential for open wound, surgical drapes, bed and pillow sheath in hospitals and it may also be used for increasing human comfort in daily life. PMID:27474587

10. Gold bead-strings in silica nanowires: a simple diffusion model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fletcher, N H; Elliman, R G; Kim, T-H [Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200 (Australia)], E-mail: neville.fletcher@anu.edu.au

2009-02-25

Silica nanowires grown from gold droplets deposited on the surface of a silicon crystal sometimes develop within them a regular series of gold beads distributed along the wire axis in what is often called either a bead-string or a pea-pod structure. This is generally attributed to a 'Rayleigh instability' driven by the surface free energy of the included gold core. Here a new model is proposed in which quasi-conical gold inclusions are developed by the diffusion-limited growth process and are subsequently modified to spherical shape by another diffusion process that is driven by surface free energy. This model provides a possible basis for detailed numerical calculations.

11. Fermentation and microencapsulation of the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis in a novel type of hollow beads.

Science.gov (United States)

Patel, Anant V; Jakobs-Schönwandt, Desiree; Rose, Thomas; Vorlop, Klaus-Dieter

2011-03-01

In this work, fermentation and formulation aspects of the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis BBA were investigated. When incubated in 2% (w/w) glucose and 0.5% (w/w) yeast extract medium in a 1-L Erlenmeyer flask without baffles, heavy pellet formation was observed. Only 40% of the mycelium had a size less than 500 μm. When a flask with three baffles was used, the portion of mycelium fermentation results were obtained at 0.4 vvm and 400 rpm stirrer speed with 90% mycelium gluten and 0.5% (w/w) yeast extract could be replaced with 3% (w/w) autoclaved baker's yeast which was never used as capsule additive before. Radial growth of mycelium out of dried hollow beads containing 1% (w/w) biomass and 3% (w/w) baker's yeast was faster than for alginate beads containing equivalent amounts of biomass and yeast indicating a higher bio-control potential. PMID:21181150

12. Plant Roots Increase Bacterivorous Nematode Dispersion through Nonuniform Glass-bead Media.

Science.gov (United States)

Trap, Jean; Bernard, Laetitia; Brauman, Alain; Pablo, Anne-Laure; Plassard, Claude; Ranoarisoa, Mahafaka Patricia; Blanchart, Eric

2015-12-01

Dispersion of bacterivorous nematodes in soil is a crucial ecological process that permits settlement and exploitation of new bacterial-rich patches. Although plant roots, by modifying soil structure, are likely to influence this process, they have so far been neglected. In this study, using an original three-compartment microcosm experimental design and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bars to mimic plant roots, we tested the ability of roots to improve the dispersion of bacterivorous nematode populations through two wet, nonuniform granular (glass bead) media imitating contrasting soil textures. We showed that artificial roots increased migration time of bacterivorous nematode populations in the small-bead medium, suggesting that plant roots may play an important role in nematode dispersion in fine-textured soils or when soil compaction is high.

13. Randomised controlled trial of extraarticular gold bead implantation for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nejrup, Kirsten; Olivarius, Niels de Fine; Jacobsen, Judith L.;

2008-01-01

The primary objective of this double-blind, randomised, controlled trial was to determine if implanting gold beads at five acupuncture points around the knee joint improves 1-year outcomes for patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Participants were 43 adults aged 18-80 years with pain...... -7.23/-3.36 (P = 0.63). The surgeon's scores also generally improved, i.e. increased: knee score +16.4/+8.2 (P = 0.65); knee function +10.5/+5.8 (P = 0.79). In the protocol-based subgroup analysis, the 15 intervention patients of the 32 patients who had a positive response to the initial conventional...... and stiffness from non-specific OA of the knee for over a year. The intervention was blinded implantation of gold beads at five acupuncture points around the affected knee through a hypodermic needle, or needle insertion alone. Primary outcome measures were knee pain, stiffness and function assessed...

14. Double Emulsion Droplets as Microreactors for Synthesis of Magnetic Macroporous Polymer Beads

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Wei-cai Wang; Chao Peng; Kai Shi; Yan-xiong Pan; Hai-shan Zhang; Xiang-ling Ji

2014-01-01

An easy method is presented to fabricate monodisperse magnetic macroporous polymer beads (MMPBs).Waterin-oil high intemal phase emulsion (HIPE) is prepared by emulsifying aqueous iron ions solution in an oil phase containing monomers.The HIPE is introduced into a simple microfluidic device to fabricate monodisperse (water-in-oil)-in-water double emulsion droplets.The droplets serve as microreactors to synthesize Fe3O4 nanoparticles and are on-line polymerized to form MMPBs.The prepared MMPBs display uniform size,interconnected porous structure,superparamagnetic behavior and uniform distribution of Fe3O4 in polymer matrix.The MMPBs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).We believe that this method is a universal technique in preparing macroporous nanocomposite beads.

15. A micro-pillar array to trap magnetic beads in microfluidic systems

KAUST Repository

Gooneratne, Chinthaka Pasan

2012-12-01

A micro-pillar array (MPA) is proposed in this paper to trap and separate magnetic beads (MBs) in microfluidic systems. MBs are used in many biomedical applications due to being compatible in dimension to biomolecules, the large surface area available to attach biomolecules, and the fact that they can be controlled by a magnetic field. Trapping and separating these labeled biomolecules is an important step toward achieving reliable and accurate quantification for disease diagnostics. Nickel Iron (Ni50Fe 50) micro-pillars were fabricated on a Silicon (Si) substrate by standard microfabrication techniques. Experimental results showed that MBs could be trapped on the MPA at the single bead level and separated from other non-target particles. This principle can easily be extended to trap and separate target biomolecules in heterogeneous biological samples. © 2012 IEEE.

16. On-Chip Manipulation of Protein-Coated Magnetic Beads via Domain-Wall Conduits

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Donolato, Marco; Vavassori, Paolo; Gobbi, Marco;

2010-01-01

Geometrically constrained magnetic domain walls (DWs) in magnetic nanowires can be manipulated at the nanometer scale. The inhomogeneous magnetic stray field generated by a DW can capture a magnetic nanoparticle in solution. On-chip nanomanipulation of individual magnetic beads coated with proteins...... is demonstrated through the motion of geometrically constrained DWs in specially designed magnetic nanoconduits fully integrated in a lab-on-a-chip platform....

17. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Secara In Vitro Floating Mucoadhesive Beads Dari Metronidazol Dengan Basis Alginat-Kitosan

OpenAIRE

Sitepu, Ali Wardana

2015-01-01

Salah satu kendala utama pada pengobatan ulkus yang disebabkan oleh H. pylori dengan sediaan konvensional adalah waktu tinggal obat yang singkat didalam lambung. Adapun beberapa sistem penghantaran obat ke lambung adalah floating dan mucoadhesive. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat sediaan yang dapat bertahan lebih lama dalam lambung yang memiliki sifat floating dan mucoadhesive. Floating mucoadhesive beads dibuat dengan menggunakan basis alginat kitosan dan dibuat dala...

18. Characteristics of CO2 Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in Glass Beads and Silica Gel

OpenAIRE

Qingping Li; Jiafei Zhao; Yu Liu; Xuke Ruan; Yongchen Song; Mingjun Yang

2012-01-01

CO 2 hydrate formation and dissociation is crucial for hydrate-based CO 2 capture and storage. Experimental and calculated phase equilibrium conditions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) hydrate in porous medium were investigated in this study. Glass beads were used to form the porous medium. The experimental data were generated using a graphical method. The results indicated the decrease of pore size resulted in the increase of the equilibrium pressure of CO 2 hydrate. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI...

19. Influencing Factors on the Interface Microhardness of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Consisting of Glazed Hollow Bead

OpenAIRE

Gang Ma; Yu Zhang; Zhu Li

2015-01-01

Lightweight aggregate concrete consisting of glazed hollow bead (GHB) as lightweight aggregate is studied for the influence of nanosilica (NS) content, prewetting time for GHB, water-cement ratio, and curing humidity, on the interface structure between GHB and cement paste. This research analyzed the influences of various factors on the interface zone structure by measuring microhardness (HV) and hydration degree of cement paste (HD) nearby the interface zone (1 mm) between GHB and cement pas...

20. Compressive and Fracture Properties of Syntactic Foam Filled with Hollow Plastic Bead(HPC)

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2007-01-01

The compressive mechanical properties of syntactic foams reinforced by hollow plastic beads were studied by the quasi-static compression test. The failure mechanism of syntactic foams was also investigated by macroscopic and microscopic observation on the fractured specimens. The experimental results show that the density of syntactic foams is still the key factor affecting their mechanical properties. The macroscopic and microscopic observation on the fractured specimens indicates that the main failure mode is the elastic-plastic collapse caused by shear.

1. Sprayable Aerogel Bead Compositions With High Shear Flow Resistance and High Thermal Insulation Value

Science.gov (United States)

Ou, Danny; Trifu, Roxana; Caggiano, Gregory

2013-01-01

A sprayable aerogel insulation has been developed that has good mechanical integrity and lower thermal conductivity than incumbent polyurethane spray-on foam insulation, at similar or lower areal densities, to prevent insulation cracking and debonding in an effort to eliminate the generation of inflight debris. This new, lightweight aerogel under bead form can be used as insulation in various thermal management systems that require low mass and volume, such as cryogenic storage tanks, pipelines, space platforms, and launch vehicles.

2. Some studies on weld bead geometries for laser spot welding process using finite element analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Highlights: → In this study, a 2 kW Nd:YAG laser welding system is used to conduct laser spot welding trials. → The size and shape of the laser spot weld is predicted using finite element simulation. → The heat input is assumed to be a three-dimensional conical Gaussian heat source. → The result highlights the effect of beam incident angle on laser spot welds. → The achieved results of numerical simulation are almost identical with a real weldment. -- Abstract: Nd:YAG laser beam welding is a high power density welding process which has the capability to focus the beam to a very small spot diameter of about 0.4 mm. It has favorable characteristics namely, low heat input, narrow heat affected zone and lower distortions, as compared to conventional welding processes. In this study, finite element method (FEM) is applied for predicting the weld bead geometry i.e. bead length (BL), bead width (BW) and depth of penetration (DP) in laser spot welding of AISI 304 stainless steel sheet of thickness 2.5 mm. The input parameters of laser spot welding such as beam power, incident angle of the beam and beam exposure time are varied for conducting experimental trials and numerical simulations. Temperature-dependent thermal properties of AISI 304 stainless steel, the effect of latent heat of fusion, and the convective and radiative aspects of boundary conditions are considered while developing the finite element model. The heat input to the developed model is assumed to be a three-dimensional conical Gaussian heat source. Finite-element simulations of laser spot welding were carried out by using Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL) available in finite-element code, ANSYS. The results of the numerical analysis provide the shape of the weld beads for different ranges of laser input parameters that are subsequently compared with the results obtained through experimentation and it is found that they are in good agreement.

3. Bioleaching of Primary Nickel Ore Using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LR Cells Immobilized in Glass Beads

OpenAIRE

Ellen Cristine Giese; Patrícia Morgado Vaz

2015-01-01

Sulphide minerals are one of the most important sources of value metals. For several years, a large number of hydrometallurgical and biotechnological processes have been developed to leach low-grade sulphide ores and the conditions are well established. However, the management of microorganisms in the bioleaching process is not easy to handle. In this paper, the use of immobilized cells of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LR in glass beads in bioleaching of primary nickel ore was evaluated. The...

4. Development of the intelligent algorithm to control on-line bead height for robotic welding process

OpenAIRE

J.S. Son; Kim, I S; Lee, J.H.; Park, M. H.; Jeon, G S

2013-01-01

Purpose: The demand to increase productivity and quality, the shortage of skilled labour and strict health and safety requirements finally led to the development of the robotic welding process to deal with many problems of the welded fabrication. Many techniques were developed to control process parameters to get the optimal bead geometry during welding process by minimizes their magnitude in the affected area.Design/methodology/approach: The development of thermo mechanical mechanism in some...

5. Development of a new passive sampler based on diffusive milligel beads for copper analysis in water

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez, M.; Reynaud, S.; Lespes, G.; Potin-Gautier, M. [Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/CNRS UMR IPREM 5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. du Président Angot, 64053 Pau (France); Mignard, E. [CNRS-Solvay-Université Bordeaux, UMR5258, Laboratoire du Futur, 178 Avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac Cedex (France); Chéry, P. [Bordeaux Science Agro, 1 cours du Général De Gaulle, Gradignan, 33175 (France); Schaumlöffel, D. [Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/CNRS UMR IPREM 5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. du Président Angot, 64053 Pau (France); Grassl, B., E-mail: bruno.grassl@univ-pau.fr [Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/CNRS UMR IPREM 5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. du Président Angot, 64053 Pau (France)

2015-08-26

A new passive sampler was designed and characterized for the determination of free copper ion (Cu{sup 2+}) concentration in aqueous solution. Each sampling device was composed of a set of about 30 diffusive milligel (DMG) beads. Milligel beads with incorporated cation exchange resin (Chelex) particles were synthetized using an adapted droplet-based millifluidic process. Beads were assumed to be prolate spheroids, with a diameter of 1.6 mm and an anisotropic factor of 1.4. The milligel was controlled in chemical composition of hydrogel (monomer, cross-linker, initiator and Chelex concentration) and characterized in pore size. Two types of sampling devices were developed containing 7.5% and 15% of Chelex, respectively, and 6 nm pore size. The kinetic curves obtained demonstrated the accumulation of copper in the DMG according to the process described in the literature as absorption (and/or adsorption) and release following the Fick's first law of diffusion. For their use in water monitoring, the typical physico-chemical characteristics of the samplers, i.e. the mass-transfer coefficient (k{sub 0}) and the sampler-water partition coefficient (K{sub sw}), were determined based on a static exposure design. In order to determine the copper concentration in the samplers after their exposure, a method using DMG bead digestion combined to Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis was developed and optimized. The DMG devices proved to be capable to absorb free copper ions from an aqueous solution, which could be accurately quantified with a mean recovery of 99% and a repeatability of 7% (mean relative uncertainty). - Highlights: • Controlled geometry of new passive sampler with ellipsoidal shape. • Original manufacturing process based on droplet-based millifluidic device. • Pore size characterization of the sampler. • Mass-transfer and sampler-water partitioning coefficients by static exposure experiments.

6. Magnetic bead-based reverse colorimetric immunoassay strategy for sensing biomolecules.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Zhuangqiang; Xu, Mingdi; Hou, Li; Chen, Guonan; Tang, Dianping

2013-07-16

A novel reverse colorimetric immunoassay (RCIA) strategy was for the first time designed and utilized for sensitive detection of low-abundance protein (prostate-specific antigen, PSA, used in this case) in biological fluids by coupling highly catalytic efficient catalase with magnetic bead-based peroxidase mimics. To construct such a RCIA system, two nanostructures including magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles were first synthesized and functionalized with anti-PSA capture antibody and catalase/anti-PSA detection antibody, respectively. Thereafter, a specific sandwich-type immunoassay format was employed for determination of PSA by using functional gold nanoparticles as enzymatic bioreactors and anti-PSA-conjugated magnetic beads as a colorimetric developer. The carried catalase, followed by the sandwiched immunocomplex, partially consumed the added hydrogen peroxide in the detection solution, which slowed down the catalytic efficiency of magnetic bead-based peroxidase mimics toward TMB/H2O2, thereby weakening the visible color and decreasing the colorimetric density. Different from conventional colorimetric immunoassay, the RCIA method determined the residual hydrogen peroxide in the substrate after consumption. Under the optimal conditions, the developed RCIA exhibited a wide dynamic range of 0.05-20 ng mL(-1) toward PSA with a detection limit of 0.03 ng mL(-1) at the 3Sblank level. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were below 6.1% and 9.3%, respectively. Additionally, the methodology was further validated for the analysis of 12 PSA clinical serum specimens, giving results in good accordance with those obtained by the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

7. Prediction of bead area contact load at the tire-wheel interface using NASTRAN

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, C. H. S.

1982-01-01

The theoretical prediction of the bead area contact load at the tire wheel interface using NASTRAN is reported. The application of the linear code to a basically nonlinear problem results in excessive deformation of the structure and the tire-wheel contact conditions become impossible to achieve. A psuedo-nonlinear approach was adopted in which the moduli of the cord reinforced composite are increased so that the computed key deformations matched that of the experiment. Numerical results presented are discussed.

8. Luminex(®) multiplex bead suspension arrays for the detection and serotyping of Salmonella spp.

Science.gov (United States)

Dunbar, Sherry A; Ritchie, Vivette Brown; Hoffmeyer, Michaela R; Rana, Gunjot S; Zhang, Hongwei

2015-01-01

In this chapter we describe two commercially available bead-based molecular assays for detection, identification and serotyping of Salmonella. The xTAG(®) Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (GPP) is a qualitative multiplex test for the simultaneous detection of nucleic acids from Salmonella plus 14 other gastroenteritis-causing bacteria, viruses, and parasites from stool specimens. xTAG GPP uses the Luminex(®) xTAG universal array technology for the identification of specific target sequences combined with the xMAP(®) bead multiplexing platform for detection of the targets that were present in the starting sample. The xMAP Salmonella Serotyping Assay (SSA) is a multiplex nucleic acid-based direct hybridization assay for molecular identification of the serotype of Salmonella isolates. In xMAP SSA, target sequences amplified from cultured Salmonella isolates are captured by hybridization to sequence-specific capture probes which have been coupled to the multiplexed bead sets. Herein we provide detailed protocols for each of these assays and present data which describe their performance characteristics for detection and serotyping Salmonella.

9. Characterization of a riboflavin non-aqueous nanosuspension prepared by bead milling for cutaneous application.

Science.gov (United States)

Sato, Takayuki; Takeuchi, Hiroyuki; Sakurai, Takanobu; Tanaka, Kensuke; Matsuki, Kota; Higashi, Kenjirou; Moribe, Kunikazu; Yamamoto, Keiji

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to characterize the non-aqueous nanosuspension of a hydrophilic drug prepared by bead milling for cutaneous application. Riboflavin was used as the model hydrophilic drug. The non-aqueous nanosuspensions were prepared by grinding riboflavin with zirconia beads using eight non-aqueous bases. The mean particle size of riboflavin in the suspensions ranged from 206 to 469 nm, as determined by the dynamic light scattering method. Among the well-dispersed samples, riboflavin nanosuspension prepared in oleic acid was selected for evaluation of the drug permeability through rat skin. The cumulative amount and permeation rate of riboflavin from the nanosuspension were approximately three times higher than those for unprocessed riboflavin in oleic acid. Fluorescence imaging of the riboflavin nanosuspension suggested improved penetration of riboflavin into the stratum corneum. Furthermore, the addition of polysorbate 65 or polyglyceryl-6 polyricinoleate to the nanosuspension prepared in oleic acid markedly improved the riboflavin dispersibility. These results show that the preparation of a nanosuspension in a non-aqueous base by bead milling is one of the simple methods to improve the skin permeability of hydrophilic drugs. PMID:25748779

10. Imaging beads-retained prey assay for rapid and quantitative protein-protein interaction.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yan Zhou

Full Text Available Conventional Western blot based pull-down methods involve lengthy and laborious work and the results are generally not quantitative. Here, we report the imaging beads-retained prey (IBRP assay that is rapid and quantitative in studying protein-protein interactions. In this assay, the bait is immobilized onto beads and the prey is fused with a fluorescence protein. The assay takes advantage of the fluorescence of prey and directly quantifies the amount of prey binding to the immobilized bait under a microscope. We validated the assay using previously well studied interactions and found that the amount of prey retained on beads could have a relative linear relationship to both the inputs of bait and prey. IBRP assay provides a universal, fast, quantitative and economical method to study protein interactions and it could be developed to a medium- or high-throughput compatible method. With the availability of fluorescence tagged whole genome ORFs in several organisms, we predict IBRP assay should have wide applications.

11. Frequency sweep rate dependence on the dielectrophoretic response of polystyrene beads and red blood cells

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, T. N. G.; Leonard, K. M.; Minerick, A. R.

2013-01-01

Alternating current (AC) dielectrophoresis (DEP) experiments for biological particles in microdevices are typically done at a fixed frequency. Reconstructing the DEP response curve from static frequency experiments is laborious, but essential to ascertain differences in dielectric properties of biological particles. Our lab explored the concept of sweeping the frequency as a function of time to rapidly determine the DEP response curve from fewer experiments. For the purpose of determining an ideal sweep rate, homogeneous 6.08 μm polystyrene (PS) beads were used as a model system. Translatability of the sweep rate approach to ∼7 μm red blood cells (RBC) was then verified. An Au/Ti quadrapole electrode microfluidic device was used to separately subject particles and cells to 10Vpp AC electric fields at frequencies ranging from 0.010 to 2.0 MHz over sweep rates from 0.00080 to 0.17 MHz/s. PS beads exhibited negative DEP assembly over the frequencies explored due to Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarizations. Results demonstrate that frequency sweep rates must be slower than particle polarization timescales to achieve reliable incremental polarizations; sweep rates near 0.00080 MHz/s yielded DEP behaviors very consistent with static frequency DEP responses for both PS beads and RBCs. PMID:24396548

12. Enhanced levan production using chitin-binding domain fused levansucrase immobilized on chitin beads.

Science.gov (United States)

Chiang, Chung-Jen; Wang, Jen-You; Chen, Po-Ting; Chao, Yun-Peng

2009-03-01

Levan is a homopolymer of fructose which can be produced by the transfructosylation reaction of levansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10) from sucrose. In particular, levan synthesized by Zymomonas mobilis has found a wide and potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the immobilization of Z. mobilis levansucrae (encoded by levU) was attempted for repeated production of levan. By fusion levU with the chitin-binding domain (ChBD), the hybrid protein was overproduced in a soluble form in Escherichia coli. After direct absorption of the protein mixture from E. coli onto chitin beads, levansucrase tagged with ChBD was found to specifically attach to the affinity matrix. Subsequent analysis indicated that the linkage between the enzyme and chitin beads was substantially stable. Furthermore, with 20% sucrose, the production of levan was enhanced by 60% to reach 83 g/l using the immobilized levansucrase as compared to that by the free counterpart. This production yield accounts for 41.5% conversion yield (g/g) on the basis of sucrose. After all, a total production of levan with 480 g/l was obtained by recycling of the immobilized enzyme for seven times. It is apparent that this approach offers a promising way for levan production by Z. mobilis levansucrase immobilized on chitin beads. PMID:19018526

13. A bead on a hoop rotating about a horizontal axis: a 1-D ponderomotive trap

CERN Document Server

Johnson, Andrew K

2009-01-01

We describe a simple mechanical system that operates as a ponderomotive particle trap, consisting of a circular hoop and a frictionless bead, with the hoop rotating about a horizontal axis lying in the plane of the hoop. The bead in the frame of the hoop is thus exposed to an effective sinusoidally-varying gravitational field. This field's component along the hoop is a zero at the top and bottom. In the same frame, the bead experiences a time-independent centrifugal force that is zero at the top and bottom as well. The system is analyzed in the ideal case of small displacements from the minimum, and the motion of the particle is shown to satisfy the Mathieu equation. In the particular case that the axis of rotation is tangential to the hoop, the system is an exact analog for the rf Paul ion trap. Various complicating factors such as anharmonic terms, friction and noise are considered. A working model of the proposed system has been constructed, using a ball-bearing rolling in a tube along the outside of a sec...

14. Characterization of calcium alginate beads of 5-fluorouracil for colon delivery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patel Hetal

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A multiparticulate system combining pH-sensitive property and specific biodegradability for colon targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU was examined. The purpose of this study was to prepare and evaluate the colon-specific alginate beads of 5-FU for the treatment of colon cancer. Calcium alginate beads were prepared by extruding 5-FU loaded alginate solution to calcium chloride solution, and gelled spheres were formed instantaneously by ionotropic gelation reaction using different ratios of FU and alginate, alginate and calcium chloride, stirring speeds (500-1500 rpm, and reaction time. The core beads were coated with Eudragit S-100 to prevent drug release in the stomach and provide controlled dissolution of enteric coat in the small intestine and maximum drug release in the colon. Morphology and surface characteristics of the formulation were determined by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro drug release studies were performed in conditions simulating stomach to colon transit. No significant release was observed at acidic pH, however, when it reached the pH where Eudragit S-100 starts to dissolve, drug release was observed. Also, release of drug was found to be higher in presence of rat caecal content.

15. Preparation of metal-resistant immobilized sulfate reducing bacteria beads for acid mine drainage treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Mingliang; Wang, Haixia; Han, Xuemei

2016-07-01

Novel immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) beads were prepared for the treatment of synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD) containing high concentrations of Fe, Cu, Cd and Zn using up-flow anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor. The tolerance of immobilized SRB beads to heavy metals was significantly enhanced compared with that of suspended SRB. High removal efficiencies of sulfate (61-88%) and heavy metals (>99.9%) as well as slightly alkaline effluent pH (7.3-7.8) were achieved when the bioreactor was fed with acidic influent (pH 2.7) containing high concentrations of multiple metals (Fe 469 mg/L, Cu 88 mg/L, Cd 92 mg/L and Zn 128 mg/L), which showed that the bioreactor filled with immobilized SRB beads had tolerance to AMD containing high concentrations of heavy metals. Partially decomposed maize straw was a carbon source and stabilizing agent in the initial phase of bioreactor operation but later had to be supplemented by a soluble carbon source such as sodium lactate. The microbial community in the bioreactor was characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of partial 16S rDNA genes. Synergistic interaction between SRB (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) and co-existing fermentative bacteria could be the key factor for the utilization of complex organic substrate (maize straw) as carbon and nutrients source for sulfate reduction. PMID:27058913

16. Preparation of metal-resistant immobilized sulfate reducing bacteria beads for acid mine drainage treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Mingliang; Wang, Haixia; Han, Xuemei

2016-07-01

Novel immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) beads were prepared for the treatment of synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD) containing high concentrations of Fe, Cu, Cd and Zn using up-flow anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor. The tolerance of immobilized SRB beads to heavy metals was significantly enhanced compared with that of suspended SRB. High removal efficiencies of sulfate (61-88%) and heavy metals (>99.9%) as well as slightly alkaline effluent pH (7.3-7.8) were achieved when the bioreactor was fed with acidic influent (pH 2.7) containing high concentrations of multiple metals (Fe 469 mg/L, Cu 88 mg/L, Cd 92 mg/L and Zn 128 mg/L), which showed that the bioreactor filled with immobilized SRB beads had tolerance to AMD containing high concentrations of heavy metals. Partially decomposed maize straw was a carbon source and stabilizing agent in the initial phase of bioreactor operation but later had to be supplemented by a soluble carbon source such as sodium lactate. The microbial community in the bioreactor was characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of partial 16S rDNA genes. Synergistic interaction between SRB (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) and co-existing fermentative bacteria could be the key factor for the utilization of complex organic substrate (maize straw) as carbon and nutrients source for sulfate reduction.

17. Specific capture of the hydrolysate on magnetic beads for sensitive detecting plant vacuolar processing enzyme activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Jun; Cheng, Meng; Zeng, Lizhang; Liu, Weipeng; Zhang, Tao; Xing, Da

2016-05-15

Conventional plant protease detection always suffers from high background interference caused by the complex coloring metabolites in plant cells. In this study, a bio-modified magnetic beads-based strategy was developed for sensitive and quantitative detection of plant vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) activity. Cleavage of the peptide substrate (ESENCRK-FITC) after asparagine residue by VPE resulted in the 2-cyano-6-amino-benzothiazole (CABT)-functionalized magnetic beads capture of the severed substrate CRK-FITC via a condensation reaction between CABT and cysteine (Cys). The catalytic activity was subsequently obtained by the confocal microscopy imaging and flow cytometry quantitative analysis. The sensor system integrated advantages of (i) the high efficient enrichment and separation capabilities of magnetic beads and (ii) the catalyst-free properties of the CABT-Cys condensation reaction. It exhibited a linear relationship between the fluorescence signal and the concentration of severed substrate in the range of 10-600 pM. The practical results showed that, compared with normal growth conditions, VPE activity was increased by 2.7-fold (307.2 ± 25.3 μM min(-1)g(-1)) upon cadmium toxicity stress. This platform effectively overcame the coloring metabolites-caused background interference, showing fine applicability for the detection of VPE activity in real samples. The strategy offers great sensitivity and may be further extended to other protease activity detection. PMID:26797250

18. An integrated microfluidic biochemical detection system for protein analysis with magnetic bead-based sampling capabilities.

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Jin-Woo; Oh, Kwang W; Thomas, Jennifer H; Heineman, William R; Halsall, H Brian; Nevin, Joseph H; Helmicki, Arthur J; Henderson, H Thurman; Ahn, Chong H

2002-02-01

This paper presents the development and characterization of an integrated microfluidic biochemical detection system for fast and low-volume immunoassays using magnetic beads, which are used as both immobilization surfaces and bio-molecule carriers. Microfluidic components have been developed and integrated to construct a microfluidic biochemical detection system. Magnetic bead-based immunoassay, as a typical example of biochemical detection and analysis, has been successfully performed on the integrated microfluidic biochemical analysis system that includes a surface-mounted biofilter and electrochemical sensor on a glass microfluidic motherboard. Total time required for an immunoassay was less than 20 min including sample incubation time, and sample volume wasted was less than 50 microl during five repeated assays. Fast and low-volume biochemical analysis has been successfully achieved with the developed biofilter and immunosensor, which is integrated to the microfluidic system. Such a magnetic bead-based biochemical detection system, described in this paper, can be applied to protein analysis systems. PMID:15100857

19. Salt and divalent cations affect the flexible nature of the natural beaded chromatin structure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Gunna; Griffith, J

1977-01-01

A natural chromatin containing simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA and histone has been used to examine changes in chromatin structure caused by various physical and chemical treatments. We find that histone H1 depleted chromatin is more compact in solutions of 0.15M NaCl or 2 mM MgCl2 than in 0.01 M Na......Cl or 0.6M NaCL, and is compact in 0.01 M NaCl solutions if histone H 1 is present. Even high concentrations of urea did not alter the fundamental beaded structure, consisting of 110A beads of 200 base pair content, each joined by thin DNA bridges of 50 base pairs. The physical bead observed by EM...... therefore contains more DNA than the 140 base pair "core particle". The natural variation in the bridge length is consistent with the broad bands observed after nuclease digestion of chromatin. Chromatin prepared for EM without fixation containing long 20A to 30A fibers possibly complexed with protein....

20. Gold Bead Implantation in Acupoints for Coxofemoral Arthrosis in Dogs: Method Description and Adverse Effects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lars Moe

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Gold bead implantation has been used for years as an alternative method to improve function in chronic joint disease both in humans and dogs. The aims of the present study were to describe the technique of implanting 24-karat gold beads around the hip joints of dogs with chronic hip dysplasia, and to record any side effects or complications of such treatment. A prospective placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical trial was performed. Eighty dogs were randomly allocated to treatment or placebo, with 38 in the gold implantation group and 42 in the placebo group, and followed intensely for six months. The implantation technique was simple to perform, using fluoroscopy and with the dogs under inhalation anesthesia for about 30 minutes. Adverse effects, measured as pain or discomfort, were seen for a period of up to four weeks in 15 of the dogs in the gold implantation group, compared to six dogs in the placebo group. During implantation, a technical difficulty occurred as 82% of the dogs showed leakage of blood and/or synovia from the needles. The dogs in the gold implantation group were radiographed 18 months later. Of the 30 dogs that were radiographed at both inclusion and 24 months, 80% (24 dogs showed a deterioration of the coxofemoral arthrosis, the other six had stable disease evaluated by radiography. Migration of gold beads was only observed in one dog.
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