#### Sample records for 2d ising model

1. Another solution of 2D Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Vergeles, S. N.

2009-04-01

The partition function of the Ising model on a two-dimensional regular lattice is calculated by using the matrix representation of a Clifford algebra (the Dirac algebra), with number of generators equal to the number of lattice sites. It is shown that the partition function over all loops in a 2D lattice including self-intersecting ones is the trace of a polynomial in terms of Dirac matrices. The polynomial is an element of the rotation group in the spinor representation. Thus, the partition function is a function of a character on an orthogonal group of a high degree in the spinor representation.

2. Bond diluted Ising model in 2D

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bouamrane Rachid

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The bond diluted Ising model is studied by Monte Carlo method. The simulation is carried out on a two dimensional square lattice with missing bonds and free boundary conditions. The aim of this work is to investigate the thermodynamical properties of this model for different disorder degree parameter σ. The critical temperature is determined from the Binder cumulant and is shown to decreases as the disorder parameter σ increases linearly.

3. 2D Ising Model with a Defect Line

CERN Document Server

Cabra, D C

1994-01-01

We study the two-dimensional Ising model with a defect line and evaluate multipoint energy correlation functions using non-perturbative field-theoretical methods. We also discuss the evaluation of the two spin correlator on the defect line.

4. Completeness of the classical 2D Ising model and universal quantum computation.

Science.gov (United States)

Van den Nest, M; Dür, W; Briegel, H J

2008-03-21

We prove that the 2D Ising model is complete in the sense that the partition function of any classical q-state spin model (on an arbitrary graph) can be expressed as a special instance of the partition function of a 2D Ising model with complex inhomogeneous couplings and external fields. In the case where the original model is an Ising or Potts-type model, we find that the corresponding 2D square lattice requires only polynomially more spins with respect to the original one, and we give a constructive method to map such models to the 2D Ising model. For more general models the overhead in system size may be exponential. The results are established by connecting classical spin models with measurement-based quantum computation and invoking the universality of the 2D cluster states.

5. Multiple Ising models coupled to 2-d gravity: a CSD analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Bowick, Mark; Falcioni, Marco; Harris, Geoffrey; Marinari, Enzo

1994-04-01

We simulate single and multiple Ising models coupled to 2-d gravity and we measure critical slowing down (CSD) with the standard methods. We find that the Swendsen-Wang and Wolff cluster algorithms do not eliminate CSD. We interpret the result as an effect of the mesh dynamics.

6. Quenched bond randomness in marginal and non-marginal Ising spin models in 2D

Science.gov (United States)

Fytas, N. G.; Malakis, A.; Hadjiagapiou, I. A.

2008-11-01

We investigate and contrast, via entropic sampling based on the Wang-Landau algorithm, the effects of quenched bond randomness on the critical behavior of two Ising spin models in 2D. The random bond version of the superantiferromagnetic (SAF) square model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor competing interactions and the corresponding version of the simple Ising model are studied, and their general universality aspects are inspected by means of a detailed finite size scaling (FSS) analysis. We find that the random bond SAF model obeys weak universality, hyperscaling, and exhibits a strong saturating behavior of the specific heat due to the competing nature of interactions. On the other hand, for the random Ising model we encounter some difficulties as regards a definite discrimination between the two well-known scenarios of the logarithmic corrections versus the weak universality. However, a careful FSS analysis of our data favors the field theoretically predicted logarithmic corrections.

7. Critical slowing down of cluster algorithms for Ising models coupled to 2-d gravity

Science.gov (United States)

Bowick, Mark; Falcioni, Marco; Harris, Geoffrey; Marinari, Enzo

1994-02-01

We simulate single and multiple Ising models coupled to 2-d gravity using both the Swendsen-Wang and Wolff algorithms to update the spins. We study the integrated autocorrelation time and find that there is considerable critical slowing down, particularly in the magnetization. We argue that this is primarily due to the local nature of the dynamical triangulation algorithm and to the generation of a distribution of baby universes which inhibits cluster growth.

8. Critical Slowing Down of Cluster Algorithms for Ising Models Coupled to 2-d Gravity

CERN Document Server

Bowick, M; Harris, G; Marinari, E

1994-01-01

We simulate single and multiple Ising models coupled to 2-d gravity using both the Swendsen-Wang and Wolff algorithms to update the spins. We study the integrated autocorrelation time and find that there is considerable critical slowing down, particularly in the magnetization. We argue that this is primarily due to the local nature of the dynamical triangulation algorithm and to the generation of a distribution of baby universes which inhibits cluster growth.

9. Complex-temperature properties of the Ising model on 2D heteropolygonal lattices

CERN Document Server

Matveev, V; Matveev, Victor; Shrock, Robert

1995-01-01

Using exact results, we determine the complex-temperature phase diagrams of the 2D Ising model on three regular heteropolygonal lattices, (3 \\cdot 6 \\cdot 3 \\cdot 6) (kagom\\'{e}), (3 \\cdot 12^2), and (4 \\cdot 8^2) (bathroom tile), where the notation denotes the regular n-sided polygons adjacent to each vertex. We also work out the exact complex-temperature singularities of the spontaneous magnetisation. A comparison with the properties on the square, triangular, and hexagonal lattices is given. In particular, we find the first case where, even for isotropic spin-spin exchange couplings, the nontrivial non-analyticities of the free energy of the Ising model lie in a two-dimensional, rather than one-dimensional, algebraic variety in the z=e^{-2K} plane.

10. Entanglement entropy through conformal interfaces in the 2D Ising model

CERN Document Server

Brehm, Enrico M

2015-01-01

We consider the entanglement entropy for the 2D Ising model at the conformal fixed point in the presence of interfaces. More precisely, we investigate the situation where the two subsystems are separated by a defect line that preserves conformal invariance. Using the replica trick, we compute the entanglement entropy between the two subsystems. We observe that the entropy, just like in the case without defects, shows a logarithmic scaling behavior with respect to the size of the system. Here, the prefactor of the logarithm depends on the strength of the defect encoded in the transmission coefficient. We also commend on the supersymmetric case.

11. Boundary field induced first-order transition in the 2D Ising model: exact study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clusel, Maxime [Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 rue Horowitz BP156 X, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Fortin, Jean-Yves [Laboratoire Poncelet, 119002, Bolshoy Vlasyevskiy Pereulok 11, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2006-02-03

We present in this paper an exact study of a first-order transition induced by an inhomogeneous boundary magnetic field in the 2D Ising model. From a previous analysis of the interfacial free energy in the discrete case (Clusel and Fortin 2005 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 38 2849) we identify, using an asymptotic expansion in the thermodynamic limit, the line of transition that separates the regime where the interface is localized near the boundary from the one where it is propagating inside the bulk. In particular, the transition line has a strong dependence on the aspect ratio of the lattice.

12. Multi-GPU Accelerated Multi-Spin Monte Carlo Simulations of the 2D Ising Model

CERN Document Server

Block, Benjamin; Preis, Tobias; 10.1016/j.cpc.2010.05.005

2010-01-01

A modern graphics processing unit (GPU) is able to perform massively parallel scientific computations at low cost. We extend our implementation of the checkerboard algorithm for the two dimensional Ising model [T. Preis et al., J. Comp. Phys. 228, 4468 (2009)] in order to overcome the memory limitations of a single GPU which enables us to simulate significantly larger systems. Using multi-spin coding techniques, we are able to accelerate simulations on a single GPU by factors up to 35 compared to an optimized single Central Processor Unit (CPU) core implementation which employs multi-spin coding. By combining the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) with the Message Parsing Interface (MPI) on the CPU level, a single Ising lattice can be updated by a cluster of GPUs in parallel. For large systems, the computation time scales nearly linearly with the number of GPUs used. As proof of concept we reproduce the critical temperature of the 2D Ising model using finite size scaling techniques.

13. Critical Casimir forces between defects in the 2D Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Nowakowski, P.; Maciołek, A.; Dietrich, S.

2016-12-01

An exact statistical mechanical derivation is given of the critical Casimir interactions between two defects in a planar lattice-gas Ising model. Each defect is a finite group of nearest-neighbor spins with modified coupling constants. Such a system can be regarded as a model of a binary liquid mixture with the molecules confined to a membrane and the defects mimicking protein inclusions embedded into the membrane. As suggested by recent experiments, certain cellular membranes appear to be tuned to the proximity of a critical demixing point belonging to the two-dimensional Ising universality class. Therefore one can expect the emergence of critical Casimir forces between membrane inclusions. These forces are governed by universal scaling functions, which we derive for simple defects. We prove that the scaling law appearing at criticality is the same for all types of defects considered here.

14. Interface localization in the 2D Ising model with a driven line

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen, O.; Mukamel, D.

2016-04-01

We study the effect of a one-dimensional driving field on the interface between two coexisting phases in a two dimensional model. This is done by considering an Ising model on a cylinder with Glauber dynamics in all sites and additional biased Kawasaki dynamics in the central ring. Based on the exact solution of the two-dimensional Ising model, we are able to compute the phase diagram of the driven model within a special limit of fast drive and slow spin flips in the central ring. The model is found to exhibit two phases where the interface is pinned to the central ring: one in which it fluctuates symmetrically around the central ring and another where it fluctuates asymmetrically. In addition, we find a phase where the interface is centered in the bulk of the system, either below or above the central ring of the cylinder. In the latter case, the symmetry breaking is ‘stronger’ than that found in equilibrium when considering a repulsive potential on the central ring. This equilibrium model is analyzed here by using a restricted solid-on-solid model.

15. Form factor expansions in the 2D Ising model and Painleve VI

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mangazeev, Vladimir V., E-mail: Vladimir.Mangazeev@anu.edu.a [Department of Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 (Australia); Guttmann, Anthony J., E-mail: tonyg@ms.unimelb.edu.a [ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 (Australia)

2010-10-21

We derive a Toda-type recurrence relation, in both high- and low-temperature regimes, for the {lambda}-extended diagonal correlation functions C(N,N;{lambda}) of the two-dimensional Ising model, using an earlier connection between diagonal form factor expansions and tau-functions within Painleve VI (PVI) theory, originally discovered by Jimbo and Miwa. This greatly simplifies the calculation of the diagonal correlation functions, particularly their {lambda}-extended counterparts. We also conjecture a closed form expression for the simplest off-diagonal case C{sup {+-}}(0,1;{lambda}) where a connection to PVI theory is not known. Combined with the results for diagonal correlations these give all the initial conditions required for the {lambda}-extended version of quadratic difference equations for the correlation functions discovered by McCoy, Perk and Wu. The results obtained here should provide a further potential algorithmic improvement in the {lambda}-extended case, and facilitate other developments.

16. A boundary field induced first-order transition in the 2D Ising model: numerical study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bittner, Elmar; Janke, Wolfhard [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik and Centre for Theoretical Sciences (NTZ), Universitaet Leipzig, Postfach 100 920, D-04009 Leipzig (Germany)], E-mail: elmar.bittner@itp.uni-leipzig.de, E-mail: Wolfhard.janke@itp.uni-leipzig.de

2008-10-03

In a recent paper, Clusel and Fortin (2006 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 995) presented an analytical study of a first-order transition induced by an inhomogeneous boundary magnetic field in the two-dimensional Ising model. They identified the transition that separates the regime where the interface is localized near the boundary from that where it propagates inside the bulk. Inspired by these results, we measured the interface tension by using multimagnetic simulations combined with parallel tempering to determine the phase transition and the location of the interface. Our results are in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we studied the spin-spin correlation function for which no analytical results are available.

17. CUDA programs for GPU computing of Swendsen-Wang multi-cluster spin flip algorithm: 2D and 3D Ising, Potts, and XY models

CERN Document Server

Komura, Yukihiro

2014-01-01

We present sample CUDA programs for the GPU computing of the Swendsen-Wang multi-cluster spin flip algorithm. We deal with the classical spin models; the Ising model, the $q$-state Potts model, and the classical XY model. As for the lattice, both the 2D (square) lattice and the 3D (simple cubic) lattice are treated. We already reported the idea of the GPU implementation for 2D models [Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 1155-1161]. We here explain the details of sample programs, and discuss the performance of the present GPU implementation for the 3D Ising and XY models. We also show the calculated results of the moment ratio for these models, and discuss phase transitions.

18. Ising Model from Intertwiners

CERN Document Server

Dittrich, Bianca

2013-01-01

Spin networks appear in a number of areas, for instance in lattice gauge theories and in quantum gravity. They describe the contraction of intertwiners according to the underlying network. We show that a certain generating function of intertwiner contractions leads to the partition function of the 2d Ising model. This implies that the intertwiner model possesses a second order phase transition, thus leading to a continuum limit with propagating degrees of freedom.

19. Simulating geomagnetic reversals through 2D Ising systems

CERN Document Server

Franco, J O O; Papa, A R R; Franco, Jorge O. O.; Dias, Vitor H. A.; Papa, Andres R. R.

2006-01-01

In this work 2D Ising systems were used to simulate the reversals of the Earth's magnetic field. Each spin was supposed to be a ring current in the Earth dynamo and the magnetization to be proportional to the field intensity. Given the relative success of some physical few-discs modeling of this system all the simulations were implemented in small systems. The temperature T was used as a tunning parameter. It plays the role of external perturbations. Power laws were obtained for the distribution of times between reversals. When the system size was increased the exponent of the power law asymptotically tended towards values very near -1.5, generally accepted as the right value for this phenomenon. Depending on the proximity of T and Tc the average duration of reversal period changes. In this way it is possible to establish a parallel between the model and more or less well defined periods of the reversal record. Some possible trends for future works are advanced.

20. Learning planar ising models

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, Jason K [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Chertkov, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Netrapalli, Praneeth [STUDENT UT AUSTIN

2010-11-12

Inference and learning of graphical models are both well-studied problems in statistics and machine learning that have found many applications in science and engineering. However, exact inference is intractable in general graphical models, which suggests the problem of seeking the best approximation to a collection of random variables within some tractable family of graphical models. In this paper, we focus our attention on the class of planar Ising models, for which inference is tractable using techniques of statistical physics [Kac and Ward; Kasteleyn]. Based on these techniques and recent methods for planarity testing and planar embedding [Chrobak and Payne], we propose a simple greedy algorithm for learning the best planar Ising model to approximate an arbitrary collection of binary random variables (possibly from sample data). Given the set of all pairwise correlations among variables, we select a planar graph and optimal planar Ising model defined on this graph to best approximate that set of correlations. We present the results of numerical experiments evaluating the performance of our algorithm.

1. Revisiting 2D Lattice Based Spin Flip-Flop Ising Model: Magnetic Properties of a Thin Film and Its Temperature Dependence

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Satya Pal

2014-01-01

This paper presents a brief review of Ising's work done in 1925 for one dimensional spin chain with periodic boundary condition. Ising observed that no phase transition occurred at finite temperature in one dimension. He erroneously generalized his views in higher dimensions but that was not true. In 1941 Kramer and Wannier obtained…

2. Complex-temperature singularities of Ising models

CERN Document Server

Shrock, R E

1995-01-01

We report new results on complex-temperature properties of Ising models. These include studies of the s=1/2 model on triangular, honeycomb, kagom\\'e, 3 \\cdot 12^2, and 4 \\cdot 8^2 lattices. We elucidate the complex--T phase diagrams of the higher-spin 2D Ising models, using calculations of partition function zeros. Finally, we investigate the 2D Ising model in an external magnetic field, mapping the complex--T phase diagram and exploring various singularities therein. For the case \\beta H=i\\pi/2, we give exact results on the phase diagram and obtain susceptibility exponents \\gamma' at various singularities from low-temperature series analyses.

3. Ordering in Two-Dimensional Ising Models with Competing Interactions

OpenAIRE

2004-01-01

We study the 2D Ising model on a square lattice with additional non-equal diagonal next-nearest neighbor interactions. The cases of classical and quantum (transverse) models are considered. Possible phases and their locations in the space of three Ising couplings are analyzed. In particular, incommensurate phases occurring only at non-equal diagonal couplings, are predicted. We also analyze a spin-pseudospin model comprised of the quantum Ising model coupled to XY spin chains in a particular ...

4. Interplay of fast and slow dynamics in rare transition pathways: The disk-to-slab transition in the 2d Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Moritz, Clemens; Tröster, Andreas; Dellago, Christoph

2017-10-01

Rare transitions between long-lived stable states are often analyzed in terms of free energy landscapes computed as functions of a few collective variables. Here, using transitions between geometric phases as example, we demonstrate that the effective dynamics of a system along these variables are an essential ingredient in the description of rare events and that the static perspective provided by the free energy alone may be misleading. In particular, we investigate the disk-to-slab transition in the two-dimensional Ising model starting with a calculation of a two-dimensional free energy landscape and the distribution of committor probabilities. While at first sight it appears that the committor is incompatible with the free energy, they can be reconciled with each other using a two-dimensional Smoluchowski equation that combines the free energy landscape with state dependent diffusion coefficients. These results illustrate that dynamical information is not only required to calculate rate constants but that neglecting dynamics may also lead to an inaccurate understanding of the mechanism of a given process.

5. Ising Expansion for the Hubbard Model

OpenAIRE

Shi, Zhu-Pei; Singh, Rajiv R. P.

1995-01-01

We develop series expansions for the ground state properties of the Hubbard model, by introducing an Ising anisotropy into the Hamiltonian. For the two-dimensional (2D) square lattice half-filled Hubbard model, the ground state energy, local moment, sublattice magnetization, uniform magnetic susceptibility and spin stiffness are calculated as a function of $U/t$, where $U$ is the Coulomb constant and $t$ is the hopping parameter. Magnetic susceptibility data indicate a crossover around $U\\app... 6. Fermions as generalized Ising models Science.gov (United States) Wetterich, C. 2017-04-01 We establish a general map between Grassmann functionals for fermions and probability or weight distributions for Ising spins. The equivalence between the two formulations is based on identical transfer matrices and expectation values of products of observables. The map preserves locality properties and can be realized for arbitrary dimensions. We present a simple example where a quantum field theory for free massless Dirac fermions in two-dimensional Minkowski space is represented by an asymmetric Ising model on a euclidean square lattice. 7. Classical Ising Models Realised on Optical Lattices Science.gov (United States) Cirio, Mauro; Brennen, G. K.; Twamley, J.; Iblisdir, S.; Boada, O. 2012-02-01 We describe a simple quantum algorithm acting on a register of qubits in d spatial dimensions which computes statistical properties of d+1 dimensional classical Ising models. The algorithm works by measuring scattering matrix elements for quantum processes and Wick rotating to provide estimates for real partition functions of classical systems. This method can be implemented in a straightforward way in ensembles of qubits, e.g. three dimensional optical lattices with only nearest neighbor Ising like interactions. By measuring noise in the estimate useful information regarding location of critical points and scaling laws can be extracted for classical Ising models, possibly with inhomogeneity. Unlike the case of quantum simulation of quantum hamiltonians, this algorithm does not require Trotter expansion of the evolution operator and thus has the advantage of being amenable to fault tolerant gate design in a straightforward manner. Through this setting it is possible to study the quantum computational complexity of the estimation of a classical partition function for a 2D Ising model with non uniform couplings and magnetic fields. We provide examples for the 2 dimensional case. 8. Fermions as generalized Ising models Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) C. Wetterich 2017-04-01 Full Text Available We establish a general map between Grassmann functionals for fermions and probability or weight distributions for Ising spins. The equivalence between the two formulations is based on identical transfer matrices and expectation values of products of observables. The map preserves locality properties and can be realized for arbitrary dimensions. We present a simple example where a quantum field theory for free massless Dirac fermions in two-dimensional Minkowski space is represented by an asymmetric Ising model on a euclidean square lattice. 9. Activated sludge model No. 2d, ASM2d DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Henze, M. 1999-01-01 The Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) presents a model for biological phosphorus removal with simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in activated sludge systems. ASM2d is based on ASM2 and is expanded to include the denitrifying activity of the phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs... 10. A Solvable Decorated Ising Lattice Model Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 2006-01-01 A decoratedlattice is suggested and the Ising model on it with three kinds of interactions K1, K2, and K3 is studied. Using an equivalent transformation, the square decorated Ising lattice is transformed into a regular square Ising lattice with nearest-neighbor, next-nearest-neighbor, and four-spin interactions, and the critical fixed point is found atK1 = 0.5769, K2 = -0.0671, and K3 = 0.3428, which determines the critical temperature of the system. It is also found that this system and the regular square Ising lattice, and the eight-vertex model belong to the same universality class. 11. Topological transitions in Ising models CERN Document Server Jalal, Somenath; Lal, Siddhartha 2016-01-01 The thermal dynamics of the two-dimensional Ising model and quantum dynamics of the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) are mapped to one another through the transfer-matrix formalism. We show that the fermionised TFIM undergoes a Fermi-surface topology-changing Lifshitz transition at its critical point. We identify the degree of freedom which tracks the Lifshitz transition via changes in topological quantum numbers (e.g., Chern number, Berry phase etc.). An emergent$SU(2)$symmetry at criticality is observed to lead to a topological quantum number different from that which characterises the ordered phase. The topological transition is also understood via a spectral flow thought-experiment in a Thouless charge pump, revealing the bulk-boundary correspondence across the transition. The duality property of the phases and their entanglement content are studied, revealing a holographic relation with the entanglement at criticality. The effects of a non-zero longitudinal field and interactions tha... 12. Ising model for neural data DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Roudi, Yasser; Tyrcha, Joanna; Hertz, John 2009-01-01 extract the optimal couplings for subsets of size up to$200$neurons, essentially exactly, using Boltzmann learning. We then study the quality of several approximate methods for finding the couplings by comparing their results with those found from Boltzmann learning. Two of these methods -- inversion......(dansk abstrakt findes ikke) We study pairwise Ising models for describing the statistics of multi-neuron spike trains, using data from a simulated cortical network. We explore efficient ways of finding the optimal couplings in these models and examine their statistical properties. To do this, we...... of the Thouless-Anderson-Palmer equations and an approximation proposed by Sessak and Monasson -- are remarkably accurate. Using these approximations for larger subsets of neurons, we find that extracting couplings using data from a subset smaller than the full network tends systematically to overestimate... 13. Stable Degeneracies for Ising Models Science.gov (United States) Knauf, Andreas 2016-10-01 We introduce and consider the notion of stable degeneracies of translation invariant energy functions, taken at spin configurations of a finite Ising model. By this term we mean the lack of injectivity that cannot be lifted by changing the interaction. We show that besides the symmetry-induced degeneracies, related to spin flip, translation and reflection, there exist additional stable degeneracies, due to more subtle symmetries. One such symmetry is the one of the Singer group of a finite projective plane. Others are described by combinatorial relations akin to trace identities. Our results resemble traits of the length spectrum for closed geodesics on a Riemannian surface of constant negative curvature. There, stable degeneracy is defined w.r.t. Teichmüller space as parameter space. 14. Ising model for distribution networks CERN Document Server Hooyberghs, H; Giuraniuc, C; Van Schaeybroeck, B; Indekeu, J O 2012-01-01 An elementary Ising spin model is proposed for demonstrating cascading failures (break-downs, blackouts, collapses, avalanches, ...) that can occur in realistic networks for distribution and delivery by suppliers to consumers. A ferromagnetic Hamiltonian with quenched random fields results from policies that maximize the gap between demand and delivery. Such policies can arise in a competitive market where firms artificially create new demand, or in a solidary environment where too high a demand cannot reasonably be met. Network failure in the context of a policy of solidarity is possible when an initially active state becomes metastable and decays to a stable inactive state. We explore the characteristics of the demand and delivery, as well as the topological properties, which make the distribution network susceptible of failure. An effective temperature is defined, which governs the strength of the activity fluctuations which can induce a collapse. Numerical results, obtained by Monte Carlo simulations of t... 15. The Ising model as a pedagogical tool Science.gov (United States) Smith, Ryan; Hart, Gus L. W. 2010-10-01 Though originally developed to analyze ferromagnetic systems, the Ising model also provides an excellent framework for modeling alloys. The original Ising model represented magnetic moments (up or down) by a +1 or -1 at each point on a lattice and allowed only nearest neighbors interactions to be non-zero. In alloy modeling, the values ±1 represent A and B atoms. The Ising Hamiltonian can be used in a Monte Carlo approach to simulate the thermodynamics of the system (e.g., an order-disorder transition occuring as the temperature is lowered). The simplicity of the model makes it an ideal starting point for a qualitative understanding of magnetism or configuration ordering in a metal. I will demonstrate the application of the Ising model in simple, two-dimensional ferromagnetic systems and alloys. 16. Testing Lorentz Invariance Emergence in the Ising Model using Monte Carlo simulations CERN Document Server Dias Astros, Maria Isabel 2017-01-01 In the context of the Lorentz invariance as an emergent phenomenon at low energy scales to study quantum gravity a system composed by two 3D interacting Ising models (one with an anisotropy in one direction) was proposed. Two Monte Carlo simulations were run: one for the 2D Ising model and one for the target model. In both cases the observables (energy, magnetization, heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility) were computed for different lattice sizes and a Binder cumulant introduced in order to estimate the critical temperature of the systems. Moreover, the correlation function was calculated for the 2D Ising model. 17. Ising Model on an Infinite Ladder Lattice Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 2007-01-01 In this paper we propose an Ising model on an infinite ladder lattice, which is made of two infinite Ising spin chains with interactions. It is essentially a quasi-one-dimessional Ising model because the length of the ladder lattice is infinite, while its width is finite. We investigate the phase transition and dynamic behavior of Ising model on this quasi-one-dimessional system. We use the generalized transfer matrix method to investigate the phase transition of the system. It is found that there is no nonzero temperature phase transition in this system. At the same time, we are interested in Glauber dynamics. Based on that, we obtain the time evolution of the local spin magnetization by exactly solving a set of master equations. 18. Engineered 2D Ising interactions on a trapped-ion quantum simulator with hundreds of spins CERN Document Server Britton, Joseph W; Keith, Adam C; Wang, C -C Joseph; Freericks, James K; Uys, Hermann; Biercuk, Michael J; Bollinger, John J; 10.1038/nature10981 2012-01-01 The presence of long-range quantum spin correlations underlies a variety of physical phenomena in condensed matter systems, potentially including high-temperature superconductivity. However, many properties of exotic strongly correlated spin systems (e.g., spin liquids) have proved difficult to study, in part because calculations involving N-body entanglement become intractable for as few as N~30 particles. Feynman divined that a quantum simulator - a special-purpose "analog" processor built using quantum particles (qubits) - would be inherently adept at such problems. In the context of quantum magnetism, a number of experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. However, simulations of quantum magnetism allowing controlled, tunable interactions between spins localized on 2D and 3D lattices of more than a few 10's of qubits have yet to be demonstrated, owing in part to the technical challenge of realizing large-scale qubit arrays. Here we demonstrate a variable-range Ising-type spin-spin inte... 19. Graphical representations of Ising and Potts models CERN Document Server Björnberg, Jakob E 2010-01-01 We study graphical representations for two related models. The first model is the transverse field quantum Ising model, an extension of the original Ising model which was introduced by Lieb, Schultz and Mattis in the 1960's. The second model is the space-time percolation process, which is closely related to the contact model for the spread of disease. We consider a space-time' random-cluster model and explore a range of useful probabilistic techniques for studying it. The space-time Potts model emerges as a natural generalization of the quantum Ising model. The basic properties of the phase transitions in these models are treated, such as the fact that there is at most one unbounded FK-cluster, and the resulting lower bound on the critical value in$\\ZZ$. We also develop an alternative graphical representation of the quantum Ising model, called the random-parity representation. This representation is based on the random-current representation of the classical Ising model, and allows us to study in much great... 20. Multicritical behavior in dissipative Ising models CERN Document Server Overbeck, Vincent R; Gorshkov, Alexey V; Weimer, Hendrik 2016-01-01 We analyze theoretically the many-body dynamics of a dissipative Ising model in a transverse field using a variational approach. We find that the steady state phase diagram is substantially modified compared to its equilibrium counterpart, including the appearance of a multicritical point belonging to a different universality class. Building on our variational analysis, we establish a field-theoretical treatment corresponding to a dissipative variant of a Ginzburg-Landau theory, which allows us to compute the upper critical dimension of the system. Finally, we present a possible experimental realization of the dissipative Ising model using ultracold Rydberg gases. 1. The Romance of the Ising Model CERN Document Server McCoy, Barry M 2011-01-01 The essence of romance is mystery. In this talk, given in honor of the 60th birthday of Michio Jimbo, I will explore the meaning of this for the Ising model beginning in 1946 with Bruria Kaufman and Willis Lamb, continuing with the wedding by Jimbo and Miwa in 1980 of the Ising model with the Painlev{\\'e} VI equation which had been first discovered by Picard in 1889. I will conclude with the current fascination of the magnetic susceptibility and explore some of the mysteries still outstanding. 2. Antiferromagnetic Ising model on the swedenborgite lattice NARCIS (Netherlands) Buhrandt, Stefan; Fritz, Lars 2014-01-01 Geometrical frustration in spin systems often results in a large number of degenerate ground states. In this work, we study the antiferromagnetic Ising model on the three-dimensional swedenborgite lattice, which is a specific stacking of kagome and triangular layers. The model contains two exchange 3. One-dimensional Ising model with multispin interactions CERN Document Server Turban, L 2016-01-01 We study the spin-$1/2$Ising chain with multispin interactions$K$involving the product of$m$successive spins, for general values of$m$. Using a change of spin variables the zero-field partition function of a finite chain is obtained for free and periodic boundary conditions (BC) and we calculate the two-spin correlation function. When placed in an external field$H$the system is shown to be self-dual. Using another change of spin variables the one-dimensional (1D) Ising model with multispin interactions in a field is mapped onto a zero-field rectangular Ising model with first-neighbour interactions$K$and$H$. The 2D system, with size$m\\times N/m$, has the topology of a cylinder with helical BC. In the thermodynamic limit$N/m\\to\\infty$,$m\\to\\infty$, a 2D critical singularity develops on the self-duality line,$\\sinh 2K\\sinh 2H=1$. 4. Quantum Ising model coupled with conducting electrons Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Yamashita, Yasufumi; Yonemitsu, Kenji [Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 (Japan); Graduate University for Advanced studies, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 (Japan) 2005-01-01 The effect of photo-doping on the quantum paraelectric SrTiO{sub 3} is studied by using the one-dimensional quantum Ising model, where the Ising spin describes the effective lattice polarization of an optical phonon. Two types of electron-phonon couplings are introduced through the modulation of transfer integral via lattice deformations. After the exact diagonalization and the perturbation studies, we find that photo-induced low-density carriers can drastically alter quantum fluctuations when the system locates near the quantum critical point between the quantum para- and ferro-electric phases. 5. Quantum Ising model coupled with conducting electrons Science.gov (United States) Yamashita, Yasufumi; Yonemitsu, Kenji 2005-01-01 The effect of photo-doping on the quantum paraelectric SrTiO3 is studied by using the one-dimensional quantum Ising model, where the Ising spin describes the effective lattice polarization of an optical phonon. Two types of electron-phonon couplings are introduced through the modulation of transfer integral via lattice deformations. After the exact diagonalization and the perturbation studies, we find that photo-induced low-density carriers can drastically alter quantum fluctuations when the system locates near the quantum critical point between the quantum para- and ferro-electric phases. 6. Exact solutions to plaquette Ising models with free and periodic boundaries Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Marco Mueller 2017-01-01 We clarify the exact relation between partition functions with free and periodic boundary conditions expressed in terms of original and product spin variables for the 2d plaquette and 3d fuki-nuke models, noting that the differences are already present in the 1d Ising model. In addition, we solve the 2d plaquette Ising model with helical boundary conditions. The various exactly solved examples illustrate how correlations can be induced in finite systems as a consequence of the choice of boundary conditions. 7. Antiferromagnetic Ising Model in Hierarchical Networks Science.gov (United States) Cheng, Xiang; Boettcher, Stefan 2015-03-01 The Ising antiferromagnet is a convenient model of glassy dynamics. It can introduce geometric frustrations and may give rise to a spin glass phase and glassy relaxation at low temperatures [ 1 ] . We apply the antiferromagnetic Ising model to 3 hierarchical networks which share features of both small world networks and regular lattices. Their recursive and fixed structures make them suitable for exact renormalization group analysis as well as numerical simulations. We first explore the dynamical behaviors using simulated annealing and discover an extremely slow relaxation at low temperatures. Then we employ the Wang-Landau algorithm to investigate the energy landscape and the corresponding equilibrium behaviors for different system sizes. Besides the Monte Carlo methods, renormalization group [ 2 ] is used to study the equilibrium properties in the thermodynamic limit and to compare with the results from simulated annealing and Wang-Landau sampling. Supported through NSF Grant DMR-1207431. 8. Classical Ising model test for quantum circuits Science.gov (United States) Geraci, Joseph; Lidar, Daniel A. 2010-07-01 We exploit a recently constructed mapping between quantum circuits and graphs in order to prove that circuits corresponding to certain planar graphs can be efficiently simulated classically. The proof uses an expression for the Ising model partition function in terms of quadratically signed weight enumerators (QWGTs), which are polynomials that arise naturally in an expansion of quantum circuits in terms of rotations involving Pauli matrices. We combine this expression with a known efficient classical algorithm for the Ising partition function of any planar graph in the absence of an external magnetic field, and the Robertson-Seymour theorem from graph theory. We give as an example a set of quantum circuits with a small number of non-nearest-neighbor gates which admit an efficient classical simulation. 9. Port Adriano, 2D-Model Tests DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Burcharth, Hans F.; Andersen, Thomas Lykke; Jensen, Palle Meinert This report present the results of 2D physical model tests (length scale 1:50) carried out in a waveflume at Dept. of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University (AAU).......This report present the results of 2D physical model tests (length scale 1:50) carried out in a waveflume at Dept. of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University (AAU).... 10. Three representations of the Ising model Science.gov (United States) Kruis, Joost; Maris, Gunter 2016-01-01 Statistical models that analyse (pairwise) relations between variables encompass assumptions about the underlying mechanism that generated the associations in the observed data. In the present paper we demonstrate that three Ising model representations exist that, although each proposes a distinct theoretical explanation for the observed associations, are mathematically equivalent. This equivalence allows the researcher to interpret the results of one model in three different ways. We illustrate the ramifications of this by discussing concepts that are conceived as problematic in their traditional explanation, yet when interpreted in the context of another explanation make immediate sense. PMID:27698356 11. Identifying interacting pairs of sites in infinite range Ising models CERN Document Server Galves, Antonio; Takahashi, Daniel Yasumasa 2010-01-01 We consider Ising models (pairwise interaction Gibbs probability measures) in$\\Z^d$with an infinite range potential. We address the problem of identifying pairs of interacting sites from a finite sample of independent realisations of the Ising model. The sample contains only the values assigned by the Ising model to a finite set of sites in$\\Z^d$. Our main result is an upperbound for the probability with our estimator to misidentify the pairs of interacting sites in this finite set. 12. Nonequilibrium antiferromagnetic mixed-spin Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Godoy, Mauricio; Figueiredo, Wagner 2002-09-01 We studied an antiferromagnetic mixed-spin Ising model on the square lattice subject to two competing stochastic processes. The model system consists of two interpenetrating sublattices of spins sigma=1/2 and S=1, and we take only nearest neighbor interactions between pairs of spins. The system is in contact with a heat bath at temperature T, and the exchange of energy with the heat bath occurs via one-spin flip (Glauber dynamics). Besides, the system interacts with an external agency of energy, which supplies energy to it whenever two nearest neighboring spins are simultaneously flipped. By employing Monte Carlo simulations and a dynamical pair approximation, we found the phase diagram for the stationary states of the model in the plane temperature T versus the competition parameter between one- and two-spin flips p. We observed the appearance of three distinct phases, that are separated by continuous transition lines. We also determined the static critical exponents along these lines and we showed that this nonequilibrium model belongs to the universality class of the two-dimensional equilibrium Ising model. 13. Exact sampling hardness of Ising spin models Science.gov (United States) Fefferman, B.; Foss-Feig, M.; Gorshkov, A. V. 2017-09-01 We study the complexity of classically sampling from the output distribution of an Ising spin model, which can be implemented naturally in a variety of atomic, molecular, and optical systems. In particular, we construct a specific example of an Ising Hamiltonian that, after time evolution starting from a trivial initial state, produces a particular output configuration with probability very nearly proportional to the square of the permanent of a matrix with arbitrary integer entries. In a similar spirit to boson sampling, the ability to sample classically from the probability distribution induced by time evolution under this Hamiltonian would imply unlikely complexity theoretic consequences, suggesting that the dynamics of such a spin model cannot be efficiently simulated with a classical computer. Physical Ising spin systems capable of achieving problem-size instances (i.e., qubit numbers) large enough so that classical sampling of the output distribution is classically difficult in practice may be achievable in the near future. Unlike boson sampling, our current results only imply hardness of exact classical sampling, leaving open the important question of whether a much stronger approximate-sampling hardness result holds in this context. The latter is most likely necessary to enable a convincing experimental demonstration of quantum supremacy. As referenced in a recent paper [A. Bouland, L. Mancinska, and X. Zhang, in Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016), Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, 2016)], our result completes the sampling hardness classification of two-qubit commuting Hamiltonians. 14. On the diagonal susceptibility of the two-dimensional Ising model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Tracy, Craig A. [Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (United States); Widom, Harold [Department of Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 (United States) 2013-12-15 We consider the diagonal susceptibility of the isotropic 2D Ising model for temperatures below the critical temperature. For a parameter k related to temperature and the interaction constant, we extend the diagonal susceptibility to complex k inside the unit disc, and prove the conjecture that the unit circle is a natural boundary. 15. Finite size scaling analysis of intermittency moments in the two dimensional Ising model CERN Document Server Burda, Z; Peschanski, R; Wosiek, J 1993-01-01 Finite size scaling is shown to work very well for the block variables used in intermittency studies on a 2-d Ising lattice. The intermittency exponents so derived exhibit the expected relations to the magnetic critical exponent of the model. Email contact: pesch@amoco.saclay.cea.fr 16. Matrix models of 2d gravity Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Ginsparg, P. 1991-01-01 These are introductory lectures for a general audience that give an overview of the subject of matrix models and their application to random surfaces, 2d gravity, and string theory. They are intentionally 1.5 years out of date. 17. Matrix models of 2d gravity Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Ginsparg, P. 1991-12-31 These are introductory lectures for a general audience that give an overview of the subject of matrix models and their application to random surfaces, 2d gravity, and string theory. They are intentionally 1.5 years out of date. 18. Highly Nonlinear Ising Model and Social Segregation CERN Document Server Sumour, M A; Shabat, M M 2011-01-01 The usual interaction energy of the random field Ising model in statistical physics is modified by complementing the random field by added to the energy of the usual Ising model a nonlinear term S^n were S is the sum of the neighbor spins, and n=0,1,3,5,7,9,11. Within the Schelling model of urban segregation, this modification corresponds to housing prices depending on the immediate neighborhood. Simulations at different temperatures, lattice size, magnetic field, number of neighbors and different time intervals showed that results for all n are similar, expect for n=3 in violation of the universality principle and the law of corresponding states. In order to find the critical temperatures, for large n we no longer start with all spins parallel but instead with a random configuration, in order to facilitate spin flips. However, in all cases we have a Curie temperature with phase separation or long-range segregation only below this Curie temperature, and it is approximated by a simple formula: Tc is proportion... 19. Exact solutions to plaquette Ising models with free and periodic boundaries Science.gov (United States) Mueller, Marco; Johnston, Desmond A.; Janke, Wolfhard 2017-01-01 An anisotropic limit of the 3d plaquette Ising model, in which the plaquette couplings in one direction were set to zero, was solved for free boundary conditions by Suzuki (1972) [1], who later dubbed it the fuki-nuke, or "no-ceiling", model. Defining new spin variables as the product of nearest-neighbour spins transforms the Hamiltonian into that of a stack of (standard) 2d Ising models and reveals the planar nature of the magnetic order, which is also present in the fully isotropic 3d plaquette model. More recently, the solution of the fuki-nuke model was discussed for periodic boundary conditions, which require a different approach to defining the product spin transformation, by Castelnovo et al. (2010) [2]. We clarify the exact relation between partition functions with free and periodic boundary conditions expressed in terms of original and product spin variables for the 2d plaquette and 3d fuki-nuke models, noting that the differences are already present in the 1d Ising model. In addition, we solve the 2d plaquette Ising model with helical boundary conditions. The various exactly solved examples illustrate how correlations can be induced in finite systems as a consequence of the choice of boundary conditions. 20. ISE ISE Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Virve-Anneli Vihman 2010-01-01 Full Text Available Käesolevas artiklis vaadeldakse nimetavas käändes pronoomeni ise kasutamist internetifoorumites, kus on märkimisväärselt palju näiteid ise kasutustest ilma lähtevormita, s.t ilma nimi- või asesõnata, millele ise viitab. Artikli põhiküsimuseks on, kas ise-t kasutataksegi süstemaatiliselt isikulise pronoomeni asemel lause subjektina. Täpsemalt uurime, (a kas ise käitub subjekti kohatäitjana (paikneb subjekti positsioonis, kui lauses muud subjekti pole; (b kas ta käitub topikuna nagu tüüpiline isikuline asesõna lause algul, ning kas ta sealjuures kaotab ise-le omast rõhutavat, tähelepanu suunavat omadust ning (c kas ise-t kasutatakse eelkõige 1. isikule viitamisel. Korpusanalüüsist selgub, et ilma lähtevormita ise-t on kasutatud rohkem kui pooltes lausetes ning eriti sageli seoses 1. isiku väljendamisega. Samuti allub ise V2-reeglist tingitud inversioonile. Samas ei ole ka verbi ees kasutatud ise täielikult kaotanud rõhutavat funktsiooni. Ise kasutamine personaalse pronoomeni asemel subjekti positsioonis on ilmselt seotud negatiivsest (distantseerivast viisakusstrateegiast tingitud impersonaliseerimisega: vajadus rõhutavat, vastandavat 1. isiku pronoomenit vältida võib olla tinginud ise sagedase kasutamise subjekti positsioonis. 1. Charged Ising Model of Neutron Star Matter CERN Document Server Hasnaoui, K H O 2012-01-01 Background: The inner crust of a neutron star is believed to consist of Coulomb-frustrated complex structures known as "nuclear pasta" that display interesting and unique low-energy dynamics. Purpose: To elucidate the structure and composition of the neutron-star crust as a function of temperature, density, and proton fraction. Methods: A new lattice-gas model, the "Charged-Ising Model" (CIM), is introduced to simulate the behavior of neutron-star matter. Preliminary Monte Carlo simulations on 30^3 lattices are performed for a variety of temperatures, densities, and proton fractions. Results: Results are obtained for the heat capacity, pair-correlation function, and static structure factor for a variety of conditions appropriate to the inner stellar crust. Conclusions: Although relatively simple, the CIM captures the essence of Coulomb frustration that is required to simulate the subtle dynamics of the inner stellar crust. Moreover, the computationally demanding long-range Coulomb interactions have been pre-c... 2. The Worm Process for the Ising Model is Rapidly Mixing Science.gov (United States) Collevecchio, Andrea; Garoni, Timothy M.; Hyndman, Timothy; Tokarev, Daniel 2016-09-01 We prove rapid mixing of the worm process for the zero-field ferromagnetic Ising model, on all finite connected graphs, and at all temperatures. As a corollary, we obtain a fully-polynomial randomized approximation scheme for the Ising susceptibility, and for a certain restriction of the two-point correlation function. 3. Non-conventional Superconductors and diluted Ising Model CERN Document Server Ni, Xuan Zhong 2016-01-01 This paper demonstrates that the results of a Monte Carlo simulation of a diluted 2D Ising antiferromagnetic system corresponds with the phase diagram for non conventional superconductors. An energy gap of this system is defined. We also find a strange phenomenon that when the lattice size of simulation increased the crystal structure becomes more like quasi crystal at the low temperature. 4. Numerical determination of the CFT central charge in the site-diluted Ising model CERN Document Server Belov, P A; Sorokin, A O 2016-01-01 We propose a new numerical method to determine the central charge of the conformal field theory models corresponding to the 2D lattice models. In this method, the free energy of the lattice model on the torus is calculated by the Wang-Landau algorithm and then the central charge is obtained from a free energy scaling with respect to the torus radii. The method is applied for determination of the central charge in the site-diluted Ising model. 5. Universality of the Ising and the S=1 model on Archimedean lattices: A Monte Carlo determination Science.gov (United States) Malakis, A.; Gulpinar, G.; Karaaslan, Y.; Papakonstantinou, T.; Aslan, G. 2012-03-01 The Ising models S=1/2 and S=1 are studied by efficient Monte Carlo schemes on the (3,4,6,4) and the (3,3,3,3,6) Archimedean lattices. The algorithms used, a hybrid Metropolis-Wolff algorithm and a parallel tempering protocol, are briefly described and compared with the simple Metropolis algorithm. Accurate Monte Carlo data are produced at the exact critical temperatures of the Ising model for these lattices. Their finite-size analysis provide, with high accuracy, all critical exponents which, as expected, are the same with the well-known 2D Ising model exact values. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis of our Monte Carlo data for the S=1 model on the same lattices provides very clear evidence that this model obeys, also very well, the 2D Ising model critical exponents. As a result, we find that recent Monte Carlo simulations and attempts to define effective dimensionality for the S=1 model on these lattices are misleading. Accurate estimates are obtained for the critical amplitudes of the logarithmic expansions of the specific heat for both models on the two Archimedean lattices. 6. Horns Rev II, 2-D Model Tests DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Andersen, Thomas Lykke; Frigaard, Peter This report present the results of 2D physical model tests carried out in the shallow wave flume at Dept. of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University (AAU), on behalf of Energy E2 A/S part of DONG Energy A/S, Denmark. The objective of the tests was: to investigate the combined influence of the pile... 7. Duality and conformal twisted boundaries in the Ising model CERN Document Server Grimm, U 2002-01-01 There has been recent interest in conformal twisted boundary conditions and their realisations in solvable lattice models. For the Ising and Potts quantum chains, these amount to boundary terms that are related to duality, which is a proper symmetry of the model at criticality. Thus, at criticality, the duality-twisted Ising model is translationally invariant, similar to the more familiar cases of periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions. The complete finite-size spectrum of the Ising quantum chain with this peculiar boundary condition is obtained. 8. An Ising model for metal-organic frameworks Science.gov (United States) Höft, Nicolas; Horbach, Jürgen; Martín-Mayor, Victor; Seoane, Beatriz 2017-08-01 We present a three-dimensional Ising model where lines of equal spins are frozen such that they form an ordered framework structure. The frame spins impose an external field on the rest of the spins (active spins). We demonstrate that this "porous Ising model" can be seen as a minimal model for condensation transitions of gas molecules in metal-organic frameworks. Using Monte Carlo simulation techniques, we compare the phase behavior of a porous Ising model with that of a particle-based model for the condensation of methane (CH4) in the isoreticular metal-organic framework IRMOF-16. For both models, we find a line of first-order phase transitions that end in a critical point. We show that the critical behavior in both cases belongs to the 3D Ising universality class, in contrast to other phase transitions in confinement such as capillary condensation. 9. Application of the Interface Approach in Quantum Ising Models OpenAIRE Sen, Parongama 1997-01-01 We investigate phase transitions in the Ising model and the ANNNI model in transverse field using the interface approach. The exact result of the Ising chain in a transverse field is reproduced. We find that apart from the interfacial energy, there are two other response functions which show simple scaling behaviour. For the ANNNI model in a transverse field, the phase diagram can be fully studied in the region where a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition occurs. The other region ca... 10. The Information Service Evaluation (ISE Model Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Laura Schumann 2014-06-01 Full Text Available Information services are an inherent part of our everyday life. Especially since ubiquitous cities are being developed all over the world their number is increasing even faster. They aim at facilitating the production of information and the access to the needed information and are supposed to make life easier. Until today many different evaluation models (among others, TAM, TAM 2, TAM 3, UTAUT and MATH have been developed to measure the quality and acceptance of these services. Still, they only consider subareas of the whole concept that represents an information service. As a holistic and comprehensive approach, the ISE Model studies five dimensions that influence adoption, use, impact and diffusion of the information service: information service quality, information user, information acceptance, information environment and time. All these aspects have a great impact on the final grading and of the success (or failure of the service. Our model combines approaches, which study subjective impressions of users (e.g., the perceived service quality, and user-independent, more objective approaches (e.g., the degree of gamification of a system. Furthermore, we adopt results of network economics, especially the "Success breeds success"-principle. 11. The Gravity Dual of the Ising Model CERN Document Server Castro, Alejandra; Hartman, Thomas; Maloney, Alexander; Volpato, Roberto 2011-01-01 We evaluate the partition function of three dimensional theories of gravity in the quantum regime, where the AdS radius is Planck scale and the central charge is of order one. The contribution from the AdS vacuum sector can - with certain assumptions - be computed and equals the vacuum character of a minimal model CFT. The torus partition function is given by a sum over geometries which is finite and computable. For generic values of Newton's constant G and the AdS radius L the result has no Hilbert space interpretation, but in certain cases it agrees with the partition function of a known CFT. For example, the partition function of pure Einstein gravity with G=3L equals that of the Ising model, providing evidence that these theories are dual. We also present somewhat weaker evidence that the 3-state and tricritical Potts models are dual to pure higher spin theories of gravity based on SL(3) and E_6, respectively. 12. Fermionic coset realization of the critical Ising model CERN Document Server Cabra, D C; Rothe, K D 1995-01-01 We obtain an explicit realization of all the primary fields of the Ising model in terms of a conformal field theory of constrained fermions. The four-point correlators of the energy, order and disorder operators are explicitly calculated. 13. Metastability in an open quantum Ising model Science.gov (United States) Rose, Dominic C.; Macieszczak, Katarzyna; Lesanovsky, Igor; Garrahan, Juan P. 2016-11-01 We apply a recently developed theory for metastability in open quantum systems to a one-dimensional dissipative quantum Ising model. Earlier results suggest this model features either a nonequilibrium phase transition or a smooth but sharp crossover, where the stationary state changes from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic, accompanied by strongly intermittent emission dynamics characteristic of first-order coexistence between dynamical phases. We show that for a range of parameters close to this transition or crossover point the dynamics of the finite system displays pronounced metastability, i.e., the system relaxes first to long-lived metastable states before eventual relaxation to the true stationary state. From the spectral properties of the quantum master operator we characterize the low-dimensional manifold of metastable states, which are shown to be probability mixtures of two, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic, metastable phases. We also show that for long times the dynamics can be approximated by a classical stochastic dynamics between the metastable phases that is directly related to the intermittent dynamics observed in quantum trajectories and thus the dynamical phases. 14. Partition function of nearest neighbour Ising models: Some new insights Indian Academy of Sciences (India) G Nandhini; M V Sangaranarayanan 2009-09-01 The partition function for one-dimensional nearest neighbour Ising models is estimated by summing all the energy terms in the Hamiltonian for N sites. The algebraic expression for the partition function is then employed to deduce the eigenvalues of the basic 2 × 2 matrix and the corresponding Hermitian Toeplitz matrix is derived using the Discrete Fourier Transform. A new recurrence relation pertaining to the partition function for two-dimensional Ising models in zero magnetic field is also proposed. 15. On Complexity of the Quantum Ising Model Science.gov (United States) Bravyi, Sergey; Hastings, Matthew 2017-01-01 We study complexity of several problems related to the Transverse field Ising Model (TIM). First, we consider the problem of estimating the ground state energy known as the Local Hamiltonian Problem (LHP). It is shown that the LHP for TIM on degree-3 graphs is equivalent modulo polynomial reductions to the LHP for general k-local stoquastic' Hamiltonians with any constant {k ≥ 2}. This result implies that estimating the ground state energy of TIM on degree-3 graphs is a complete problem for the complexity class {StoqMA} —an extension of the classical class {MA}. As a corollary, we complete the complexity classification of 2-local Hamiltonians with a fixed set of interactions proposed recently by Cubitt and Montanaro. Secondly, we study quantum annealing algorithms for finding ground states of classical spin Hamiltonians associated with hard optimization problems. We prove that the quantum annealing with TIM Hamiltonians is equivalent modulo polynomial reductions to the quantum annealing with a certain subclass of k-local stoquastic Hamiltonians. This subclass includes all Hamiltonians representable as a sum of a k-local diagonal Hamiltonian and a 2-local stoquastic Hamiltonian. 16. Exact interface model for wetting in the planar Ising model Science.gov (United States) Upton, P. J. 1999-10-01 At the wetting transition in the two-dimensional Ising model the long contour (interface) gets depinned from the substrate. It is found that on sufficiently large length scales the statistics of the long contour are described by a unique probability measure corresponding to a continuous interface model'' with an interface binding potential'' given by a Dirac δ function supported on the substrate. A lattice solid-on-solid model is shown to give similar results. 17. Exact interface model for wetting in the planar Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Upton, P J 1999-10-01 At the wetting transition in the two-dimensional Ising model the long contour (interface) gets depinned from the substrate. It is found that on sufficiently large length scales the statistics of the long contour are described by a unique probability measure corresponding to a continuous "interface model" with an interface binding "potential" given by a Dirac delta function supported on the substrate. A lattice solid-on-solid model is shown to give similar results. 18. Mathematical structure of three - dimensional (3D) Ising model CERN Document Server Zhang, Zhi-dong 2013-01-01 An overview of the mathematical structure of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model is given, from the viewpoints of topologic, algebraic and geometric aspects. By analyzing the relations among transfer matrices of the 3D Ising model, Reidemeister moves in the knot theory, Yang-Baxter and tetrahedron equations, the following facts are illustrated for the 3D Ising model: 1) The complexified quaternion basis constructed for the 3D Ising model represents naturally the rotation in a (3 + 1) - dimensional space-time, as a relativistic quantum statistical mechanics model, which is consistent with the 4-fold integrand of the partition function by taking the time average. 2) A unitary transformation with a matrix being a spin representation in 2^(nlo)-space corresponds to a rotation in 2nlo-space, which serves to smooth all the crossings in the transfer matrices and contributes as the non-trivial topologic part of the partition function of the 3D Ising model. 3) A tetrahedron relation would ensure the commutativity o... 19. Energy fluctuations and the singularity of specific heat in a 3D Ising model Science.gov (United States) Kaupuzs, Jevgenijs 2004-05-01 We study the energy fluctuations in 3D Ising model near the phase transition point. Specific heat is a relevant quantity which is directly related to the mean squared amplitude of the energy fluctuations in the system. We have made extensive Monte Carlo simulations in 3D Ising model to clarify the character of the singularity of the specific heat Cv based on the finite-size scaling of its maximal values Cvmax depending on the linear size of the lattice L. An original iterative method has been used which automatically finds the pseudocritical temperature corresponding to the maximum of Cv. The simulations made up to L Wolff's cluster algorithm allowed us to verify the possible power-like as well as logarithmic singularity of the specific heat predicted by different theoretical treatments. The most challenging and interesting result we have obtained is that the finite-size scaling of Cvmax in 3D Ising model is well described by a logarithmic rather than power-like ansatz, just like in 2D case. Another modification of our iterative method has been considered to estimate the critical coupling of 3D Ising model from the Binder cumulant data within L ɛ [96; 384]. Furthermore, the critical exponent β has been evaluated from the simulated magnetization data within the range of reduced temperatures t >= 0.000086 and system sizes L <= 410. 20. Ising model for a Brownian donkey Science.gov (United States) Cleuren, B.; Van den Broeck, C. 2001-04-01 We introduce a thermal engine consisting of N interacting Brownian particles moving in a periodic potential, featuring an alternation of hot and cold symmetric peaks. A discretized Ising-like version is solved analytically. In response to an external force, absolute negative mobility is observed for N >= 4. For N → ∞ a nonequilibrium phase transition takes place with a spontaneous symmetry breaking entailing the appearance of a current in the absence of an external force. 1. 2-D Model Test of Dolosse Breakwater DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Burcharth, Hans F.; Liu, Zhou 1994-01-01 The rational design diagram for Dolos armour should incorporate both the hydraulic stability and the structural integrity. The previous tests performed by Aalborg University (AU) made available such design diagram for the trunk of Dolos breakwater without superstructures (Burcharth et al. 1992......). To extend the design diagram to cover Dolos breakwaters with superstructure, 2-D model tests of Dolos breakwater with wave wall is included in the project Rubble Mound Breakwater Failure Modes sponsored by the Directorate General XII of the Commission of the European Communities under Contract MAS-CT92...... was on the Dolos breakwater with a high superstructure, where there was almost no overtopping. This case is believed to be the most dangerous one. The test of the Dolos breakwater with a low superstructure was also performed. The objective of the last part of the experiment is to investigate the influence... 2. 2-D Model Test of Dolosse Breakwater DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Burcharth, Hans F.; Liu, Zhou 1994-01-01 The rational design diagram for Dolos armour should incorporate both the hydraulic stability and the structural integrity. The previous tests performed by Aalborg University (AU) made available such design diagram for the trunk of Dolos breakwater without superstructures (Burcharth et al. 1992......). To extend the design diagram to cover Dolos breakwaters with superstructure, 2-D model tests of Dolos breakwater with wave wall is included in the project Rubble Mound Breakwater Failure Modes sponsored by the Directorate General XII of the Commission of the European Communities under Contract MAS-CT92......-0042. Furthermore, Task IA will give the design diagram for Tetrapod breakwaters without a superstructure. The more complete research results on Dolosse can certainly give some insight into the behaviour of Tetrapods armour layer of the breakwaters with superstructure. The main part of the experiment... 3. Loops, Surfaces and Grassmann Representation in Two- and Three-Dimensional Ising Models CERN Document Server Gattringer, C R; Semenoff, Gordon W 1999-01-01 Starting from the known representation of the partition function of the 2- and 3-D Ising models as an integral over Grassmann variables, we perform a hopping expansion of the corresponding Pfaffian. We show that this expansion is an exact, algebraic representation of the loop- and surface expansions (with intrinsic geometry) of the 2- and 3-D Ising models. Such an algebraic calculus is much simpler to deal with than working with the geometrical objects. For the 2-D case we show that the algebra of hopping generators allows a simple algebraic treatment of the geometry factors and counting problems, and as a result we obtain the corrected loop expansion of the free energy. We compute the radius of convergence of this expansion and show that it is determined by the critical temperature. In 3-D the hopping expansion leads to the surface representation of the Ising model in terms of surfaces with intrinsic geometry. Based on a representation of the 3-D model as a product of 2-D models coupled to an auxiliary field... 4. Observation of Schramm-Loewner evolution on the geometrical clusters of the Ising model Science.gov (United States) Najafi, M. N. 2015-05-01 Schramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE) is a stochastic process that, by focusing on the geometrical features of the two-dimensional (2D) conformal invariant models, classifies them using one real parameter κ. In this work we apply the SLE formalism to the exterior frontiers of the geometrical clusters (interfaces) of the two-dimensional critical Ising model on the triangular lattice. We first analyze the critical curves going from the real axis to the real axis in the upper half plane geometry and show numerically that SLE(κ, κ - 6) works well to extract the diffusivity parameter κ. We then analyze the conformal loops of the critical Ising model. After determining some geometrical exponents of the critical loops as the interfaces of the model in hand, we address the problem of application of SLE to conformal loops. We numerically show that SLE(κ, κ - 6) is more reliable than previous methods. 5. Conformal invariance in the long-range Ising model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Paulos, Miguel F. [CERN, Theory Group, Geneva (Switzerland); Rychkov, Slava, E-mail: slava.rychkov@lpt.ens.fr [CERN, Theory Group, Geneva (Switzerland); Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l' École Normale Supérieure (LPTENS), Paris (France); Faculté de Physique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris (France); Rees, Balt C. van [CERN, Theory Group, Geneva (Switzerland); Zan, Bernardo [Institute of Physics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 2016-01-15 We consider the question of conformal invariance of the long-range Ising model at the critical point. The continuum description is given in terms of a nonlocal field theory, and the absence of a stress tensor invalidates all of the standard arguments for the enhancement of scale invariance to conformal invariance. We however show that several correlation functions, computed to second order in the epsilon expansion, are nontrivially consistent with conformal invariance. We proceed to give a proof of conformal invariance to all orders in the epsilon expansion, based on the description of the long-range Ising model as a defect theory in an auxiliary higher-dimensional space. A detailed review of conformal invariance in the d-dimensional short-range Ising model is also included and may be of independent interest. 6. Conformal invariance in the long-range Ising model Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Miguel F. Paulos 2016-01-01 Full Text Available We consider the question of conformal invariance of the long-range Ising model at the critical point. The continuum description is given in terms of a nonlocal field theory, and the absence of a stress tensor invalidates all of the standard arguments for the enhancement of scale invariance to conformal invariance. We however show that several correlation functions, computed to second order in the epsilon expansion, are nontrivially consistent with conformal invariance. We proceed to give a proof of conformal invariance to all orders in the epsilon expansion, based on the description of the long-range Ising model as a defect theory in an auxiliary higher-dimensional space. A detailed review of conformal invariance in the d-dimensional short-range Ising model is also included and may be of independent interest. 7. Interacting damage models mapped onto ising and percolation models Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Toussaint, Renaud; Pride, Steven R. 2004-03-23 The authors introduce a class of damage models on regular lattices with isotropic interactions between the broken cells of the lattice. Quasistatic fiber bundles are an example. The interactions are assumed to be weak, in the sense that the stress perturbation from a broken cell is much smaller than the mean stress in the system. The system starts intact with a surface-energy threshold required to break any cell sampled from an uncorrelated quenched-disorder distribution. The evolution of this heterogeneous system is ruled by Griffith's principle which states that a cell breaks when the release in potential (elastic) energy in the system exceeds the surface-energy barrier necessary to break the cell. By direct integration over all possible realizations of the quenched disorder, they obtain the probability distribution of each damage configuration at any level of the imposed external deformation. They demonstrate an isomorphism between the distributions so obtained and standard generalized Ising models, in which the coupling constants and effective temperature in the Ising model are functions of the nature of the quenched-disorder distribution and the extent of accumulated damage. In particular, they show that damage models with global load sharing are isomorphic to standard percolation theory, that damage models with local load sharing rule are isomorphic to the standard ising model, and draw consequences thereof for the universality class and behavior of the autocorrelation length of the breakdown transitions corresponding to these models. they also treat damage models having more general power-law interactions, and classify the breakdown process as a function of the power-law interaction exponent. Last, they also show that the probability distribution over configurations is a maximum of Shannon's entropy under some specific constraints related to the energetic balance of the fracture process, which firmly relates this type of quenched-disorder based 8. An Ising model for earthquake dynamics Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) A. Jiménez 2007-01-01 Full Text Available This paper focuses on extracting the information contained in seismic space-time patterns and their dynamics. The Greek catalog recorded from 1901 to 1999 is analyzed. An Ising Cellular Automata representation technique is developed to reconstruct the history of these patterns. We find that there is strong correlation in the region, and that small earthquakes are very important to the stress transfers. Finally, it is demonstrated that this approach is useful for seismic hazard assessment and intermediate-range earthquake forecasting. 9. Random field Ising model and community structure in complex networks Science.gov (United States) Son, S.-W.; Jeong, H.; Noh, J. D. 2006-04-01 We propose a method to determine the community structure of a complex network. In this method the ground state problem of a ferromagnetic random field Ising model is considered on the network with the magnetic field Bs = +∞, Bt = -∞, and Bi≠s,t=0 for a node pair s and t. The ground state problem is equivalent to the so-called maximum flow problem, which can be solved exactly numerically with the help of a combinatorial optimization algorithm. The community structure is then identified from the ground state Ising spin domains for all pairs of s and t. Our method provides a criterion for the existence of the community structure, and is applicable equally well to unweighted and weighted networks. We demonstrate the performance of the method by applying it to the Barabási-Albert network, Zachary karate club network, the scientific collaboration network, and the stock price correlation network. (Ising, Potts, etc.) 10. Ising Model Coupled to Three-Dimensional Quantum Gravity CERN Document Server Baillie, C F 1992-01-01 We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model coupled to three-dimensional quantum gravity based on a summation over dynamical triangulations. These were done both in the microcanonical ensemble, with the number of points in the triangulation and the number of Ising spins fixed, and in the grand canoncal ensemble. We have investigated the two possible cases of the spins living on the vertices of the triangulation (diect'' case) and the spins living in the middle of the tetrahedra (dual'' case). We observed phase transitions which are probably second order, and found that the dual implementation more effectively couples the spins to the quantum gravity. 11. Large Scale Simulations of the Kinetic Ising Model Science.gov (United States) Münkel, Christian We present Monte Carlo simulation results for the dynamical critical exponent z of the two- and three-dimensional kinetic Ising model. The z-values were calculated from the magnetization relaxation from an ordered state into the equilibrium state at Tc for very large systems with up to (169984)2 and (3072)3 spins. To our knowledge, these are the largest Ising-systems simulated todate. We also report the successful simulation of very large lattices on a massively parallel MIMD computer with high speedups of approximately 1000 and an efficiency of about 0.93. 12. A new efficient Cluster Algorithm for the Ising Model CERN Document Server Nyffeler, M; Wiese, U J; Nyfeler, Matthias; Pepe, Michele; Wiese, Uwe-Jens 2005-01-01 Using D-theory we construct a new efficient cluster algorithm for the Ising model. The construction is very different from the standard Swendsen-Wang algorithm and related to worm algorithms. With the new algorithm we have measured the correlation function with high precision over a surprisingly large number of orders of magnitude. 13. Specific heat of the simple-cubic Ising model NARCIS (Netherlands) Feng, X.; Blöte, H.W.J. 2010-01-01 We provide an expression quantitatively describing the specific heat of the Ising model on the simple-cubic lattice in the critical region. This expression is based on finite-size scaling of numerical results obtained by means of a Monte Carlo method. It agrees satisfactorily with series expansions 14. On scaling properties of cluster distributions in Ising models Science.gov (United States) Ruge, C.; Wagner, F. 1992-01-01 Scaling relations of cluster distributions for the Wolff algorithm are derived. We found them to be well satisfied for the Ising model in d=3 dimensions. Using scaling and a parametrization of the cluster distribution, we determine the critical exponent β/ν=0.516(6) with moderate effort in computing time. 15. Topological Structures of Cluster Spins for Ising Models CERN Document Server Feng, You-gang 2010-01-01 We discussed hierarchies and rescaling rule of the self similar transformations in Ising models, and define a fractal dimension of an ordered cluster, which minimum corresponds to a fixed point of the transformations. By the fractal structures we divide the clusters into two types: irreducible and reducible. A relationship of cluster spin with its coordination number and fractal dimension is obtained. 16. Ising Model Reprogramming of a Repeat Protein's Equilibrium Unfolding Pathway. Science.gov (United States) Millership, C; Phillips, J J; Main, E R G 2016-05-08 Repeat proteins are formed from units of 20-40 aa that stack together into quasi one-dimensional non-globular structures. This modular repetitive construction means that, unlike globular proteins, a repeat protein's equilibrium folding and thus thermodynamic stability can be analysed using linear Ising models. Typically, homozipper Ising models have been used. These treat the repeat protein as a series of identical interacting subunits (the repeated motifs) that couple together to form the folded protein. However, they cannot describe subunits of differing stabilities. Here we show that a more sophisticated heteropolymer Ising model can be constructed and fitted to two new helix deletion series of consensus tetratricopeptide repeat proteins (CTPRs). This analysis, showing an asymmetric spread of stability between helices within CTPR ensembles, coupled with the Ising model's predictive qualities was then used to guide reprogramming of the unfolding pathway of a variant CTPR protein. The designed behaviour was engineered by introducing destabilising mutations that increased the thermodynamic asymmetry within a CTPR ensemble. The asymmetry caused the terminal α-helix to thermodynamically uncouple from the rest of the protein and preferentially unfold. This produced a specific, highly populated stable intermediate with a putative dimerisation interface. As such it is the first step in designing repeat proteins with function regulated by a conformational switch. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. 17. Ising model on the generalized Bruhat-Tits tree Science.gov (United States) Zinoviev, Yu. M. 1991-08-01 The partition function and the correlation functions of the Ising model on the generalized Bruhat-Tits tree are calculated. We computed also the averages of these correlation functions when the corresponding vertices are attached to the boundary of the generalized Bruhat-Tits tree. 18. Renyi Correlations and Phase Transitions in the Transverse-Field Ising model Science.gov (United States) Singh, Rajiv; Devakul, Trithep 2015-03-01 We calculate T = 0 spin-spin correlation functions with respect to a probability distribution given by an integer power (n) of the reduced density matrix ρcirc;A, when a transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) system is bipartitioned by a planar interface. Using series expansion methods these calculations are done in the thermodynamic limit for arbitrary positive integer n, with n = 1 giving us the bulk correlations. We study the TFIM system on isotropic and anisotropic simple-cubic lattices. We examine the evidence for whether the critical point of the transition deviates from the bulk critical point as a function of n and whether the critical behavior lies in the 2 D or 4 D Ising universality classes as would be expected from a surface transition at finite temperature and a T = 0 bulk transition, respectively. Work supported in part by NSF Grant Number DMR-1306048. 19. Ising Spin Network States for Loop Quantum Gravity: a Toy Model for Phase Transitions CERN Document Server Feller, Alexandre 2015-01-01 Non-perturbative approaches to quantum gravity call for a deep understanding of the emergence of geometry and locality from the quantum state of the gravitational field. Without background geometry, the notion of distance should entirely emerge from the correlations between the gravity fluctuations. In the context of loop quantum gravity, quantum states of geometry are defined as spin networks. These are graphs decorated with spin and intertwiners, which represent quantized excitations of areas and volumes of the space geometry. Here, we develop the condensed matter point of view on extracting the physical and geometrical information out of spin network states: we introduce new Ising spin network states, both in 2d on a square lattice and in 3d on a hexagonal lattice, whose correlations map onto the usual Ising model in statistical physics. We construct these states from the basic holonomy operators of loop gravity and derive a set of local Hamiltonian constraints which entirely characterize our states. We di... 20. Ferroelectricity in a diatomic Ising chain as investigated by the elastic Ising model Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Guo Yun-Jun; Wang Ke-Feng; Liu Jun-Ming 2009-01-01 An elastic Ising model for a one-dimensional diatomic spin chain is proposed to explain the ferroelectricity induced by the collinear magnetic order with a low-excited energy state. A statistical theory based on this model is developed to calculate the electrical and magnetic properties of Ca3CoMnO6, a typical quasi-one-dimensional diatomic spin chain system. The calculated ferroelectric polarization and dielectric susceptibility show a good agreement with recently reported data on Ca3Co2-xMnxO6 (x≈0.96) (Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 047601 (2008)), although the predicted magnetic susceptibility does not coincide well with experiment. We also address the rationality and deficiency of this model by including a first-order correction which improves the consistency between the model and experiment. 1. WFR-2D: an analytical model for PWAS-generated 2D ultrasonic guided wave propagation Science.gov (United States) Shen, Yanfeng; Giurgiutiu, Victor 2014-03-01 This paper presents WaveFormRevealer 2-D (WFR-2D), an analytical predictive tool for the simulation of 2-D ultrasonic guided wave propagation and interaction with damage. The design of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems and self-aware smart structures requires the exploration of a wide range of parameters to achieve best detection and quantification of certain types of damage. Such need for parameter exploration on sensor dimension, location, guided wave characteristics (mode type, frequency, wavelength, etc.) can be best satisfied with analytical models which are fast and efficient. The analytical model was constructed based on the exact 2-D Lamb wave solution using Bessel and Hankel functions. Damage effects were inserted in the model by considering the damage as a secondary wave source with complex-valued directivity scattering coefficients containing both amplitude and phase information from wave-damage interaction. The analytical procedure was coded with MATLAB, and a predictive simulation tool called WaveFormRevealer 2-D was developed. The wave-damage interaction coefficients (WDICs) were extracted from harmonic analysis of local finite element model (FEM) with artificial non-reflective boundaries (NRB). The WFR-2D analytical simulation results were compared and verified with full scale multiphysics finite element models and experiments with scanning laser vibrometer. First, Lamb wave propagation in a pristine aluminum plate was simulated with WFR-2D, compared with finite element results, and verified by experiments. Then, an inhomogeneity was machined into the plate to represent damage. Analytical modeling was carried out, and verified by finite element simulation and experiments. This paper finishes with conclusions and suggestions for future work. 2. A threaded Java concurrent implementation of the Monte-Carlo Metropolis Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Castañeda-Marroquín, Carlos; de la Puente, Alfonso Ortega; Alfonseca, Manuel; Glazier, James A; Swat, Maciej 2009-06-01 This paper describes a concurrent Java implementation of the Metropolis Monte-Carlo algorithm that is used in 2D Ising model simulations. The presented method uses threads, monitors, shared variables and high level concurrent constructs that hide the low level details. In our algorithm we assign one thread to handle one spin flip attempt at a time. We use special lattice site selection algorithm to avoid two or more threads working concurently in the region of the lattice that "belongs" to two or more different spins undergoing spin-flip transformation. Our approach does not depend on the current platform and maximizes concurrent use of the available resources. 3. Minor magnetization loops in two-dimensional dipolar Ising model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Sarjala, M. [Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto (Finland); Seppaelae, E.T., E-mail: eira.seppala@nokia.co [Nokia Research Center, Itaemerenkatu 11-13, FI-00180 Helsinki (Finland); Alava, M.J., E-mail: mikko.alava@tkk.f [Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto (Finland) 2011-05-15 The two-dimensional dipolar Ising model is investigated for the relaxation and dynamics of minor magnetization loops. Monte Carlo simulations show that in a stripe phase an exponential decrease can be found for the magnetization maxima of the loops, M{approx}exp(-{alpha}N{sub l}) where N{sub l} is the number of loops. We discuss the limits of this behavior and its relation to the equilibrium phase diagram of the model. 4. Kallen Lehman approach to 3D Ising model Science.gov (United States) Canfora, F. 2007-03-01 A “Kallen-Lehman” approach to Ising model, inspired by quantum field theory à la Regge, is proposed. The analogy with the Kallen-Lehman representation leads to a formula for the free-energy of the 3D model with few free parameters which could be matched with the numerical data. The possible application of this scheme to the spin glass case is shortly discussed. 5. Critical dynamics of cluster algorithms in the dilute Ising model Science.gov (United States) Hennecke, M.; Heyken, U. 1993-08-01 Autocorrelation times for thermodynamic quantities at T C are calculated from Monte Carlo simulations of the site-diluted simple cubic Ising model, using the Swendsen-Wang and Wolff cluster algorithms. Our results show that for these algorithms the autocorrelation times decrease when reducing the concentration of magnetic sites from 100% down to 40%. This is of crucial importance when estimating static properties of the model, since the variances of these estimators increase with autocorrelation time. The dynamical critical exponents are calculated for both algorithms, observing pronounced finite-size effects in the energy autocorrelation data for the algorithm of Wolff. We conclude that, when applied to the dilute Ising model, cluster algorithms become even more effective than local algorithms, for which increasing autocorrelation times are expected. 6. A MATLAB GUI to study Ising model phase transition Science.gov (United States) Thornton, Curtislee; Datta, Trinanjan We have created a MATLAB based graphical user interface (GUI) that simulates the single spin flip Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm. The GUI has the capability to study temperature and external magnetic field dependence of magnetization, susceptibility, and equilibration behavior of the nearest-neighbor square lattice Ising model. Since the Ising model is a canonical system to study phase transition, the GUI can be used both for teaching and research purposes. The presence of a Monte Carlo code in a GUI format allows easy visualization of the simulation in real time and provides an attractive way to teach the concept of thermal phase transition and critical phenomena. We will also discuss the GUI implementation to study phase transition in a classical spin ice model on the pyrochlore lattice. 7. Microcanonical Phase Diagram of the BEG and Ising Models Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 李粮生; 郑宁; 史庆藩 2012-01-01 The density of states of long-range Blume-Emery-Criffiths （BEG） and short-range lsing models are obtained by using Wang-Landau sampling with adaptive windows in energy and magnetization space. With accurate density of states, we are able to calculate the mierocanonical specific heat of fixed magnetization introduced by Kastner et al. in the regions of positive and negative temperature. The microcanonical phase diagram of the Ising model shows a continuous phase transition at a negative temperature in energy and magnetization plane. However the phase diagram of the long-range model constructed by peaks of the microeanonieal specific heat looks obviously different from the Ising chart. 8. The Ising model in physics and statistical genetics. Science.gov (United States) Majewski, J; Li, H; Ott, J 2001-10-01 Interdisciplinary communication is becoming a crucial component of the present scientific environment. Theoretical models developed in diverse disciplines often may be successfully employed in solving seemingly unrelated problems that can be reduced to similar mathematical formulation. The Ising model has been proposed in statistical physics as a simplified model for analysis of magnetic interactions and structures of ferromagnetic substances. Here, we present an application of the one-dimensional, linear Ising model to affected-sib-pair (ASP) analysis in genetics. By analyzing simulated genetics data, we show that the simplified Ising model with only nearest-neighbor interactions between genetic markers has statistical properties comparable to much more complex algorithms from genetics analysis, such as those implemented in the Allegro and Mapmaker-Sibs programs. We also adapt the model to include epistatic interactions and to demonstrate its usefulness in detecting modifier loci with weak individual genetic contributions. A reanalysis of data on type 1 diabetes detects several susceptibility loci not previously found by other methods of analysis. 9. Ising anyons in frustration-free Majorana-dimer models Science.gov (United States) Ware, Brayden; Son, Jun Ho; Cheng, Meng; Mishmash, Ryan V.; Alicea, Jason; Bauer, Bela 2016-09-01 Dimer models have long been a fruitful playground for understanding topological physics. Here, we introduce a class, termed Majorana-dimer models, wherein bosonic dimers are decorated with pairs of Majorana modes. We find that the simplest examples of such systems realize an intriguing, intrinsically fermionic phase of matter that can be viewed as the product of a chiral Ising theory, which hosts deconfined non-Abelian quasiparticles, and a topological px-i py superconductor. While the bulk anyons are described by a single copy of the Ising theory, the edge remains fully gapped. Consequently, this phase can arise in exactly solvable, frustration-free models. We describe two parent Hamiltonians: one generalizes the well-known dimer model on the triangular lattice, while the other is most naturally understood as a model of decorated fluctuating loops on a honeycomb lattice. Using modular transformations, we show that the ground-state manifold of the latter model unambiguously exhibits all properties of the Ising×(px-i py) theory. We also discuss generalizations with more than one Majorana mode per site, which realize phases related to Kitaev's 16-fold way in a similar fashion. 10. Precision Islands in the Ising and$O(N)$Models CERN Document Server Kos, Filip; Simmons-Duffin, David; Vichi, Alessandro 2016-01-01 We make precise determinations of the leading scaling dimensions and operator product expansion (OPE) coefficients in the 3d Ising,$O(2)$, and$O(3)$models from the conformal bootstrap with mixed correlators. We improve on previous studies by scanning over possible relative values of the leading OPE coefficients, which incorporates the physical information that there is only a single operator at a given scaling dimension. The scaling dimensions and OPE coefficients obtained for the 3d Ising model,$(\\Delta_{\\sigma}, \\Delta_{\\epsilon},\\lambda_{\\sigma\\sigma\\epsilon}, \\lambda_{\\epsilon\\epsilon\\epsilon}) = (0.5181489(10), 1.412625(10), 1.0518537(41), 1.532435(19))$, give the most precise determinations of these quantities to date. 11. Precision islands in the Ising and O(N) models Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kos, Filip [Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 (United States); Poland, David [Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 (United States); School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (United States); Simmons-Duffin, David [School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (United States); Vichi, Alessandro [Theory Division, CERN, Geneva (Switzerland) 2016-08-04 We make precise determinations of the leading scaling dimensions and operator product expansion (OPE) coefficients in the 3d Ising, O(2), and O(3) models from the conformal bootstrap with mixed correlators. We improve on previous studies by scanning over possible relative values of the leading OPE coefficients, which incorporates the physical information that there is only a single operator at a given scaling dimension. The scaling dimensions and OPE coefficients obtained for the 3d Ising model, (Δ{sub σ},Δ{sub ϵ},λ{sub σσϵ},λ{sub ϵϵϵ})=(0.5181489(10),1.412625(10),1.0518537(41),1.532435(19)), give the most precise determinations of these quantities to date. 12. Quantum dimensions from local operator excitations in the Ising model CERN Document Server Caputa, Pawel 2016-01-01 We compare the time evolution of entanglement measures after local operator excitation in the critical Ising model with predictions from conformal field theory. For the spin operator and its descendants we find that Renyi entropies of a block of spins increase by a constant that matches the logarithm of the quantum dimension of the conformal family. However, for the energy operator we find a small constant contribution that differs from the conformal field theory answer equal to zero. We argue that the mismatch is caused by the subtleties in the identification between the local operators in conformal field theory and their lattice counterpart. Our results indicate that evolution of entanglement measures in locally excited states not only constraints this identification, but also can be used to extract non-trivial data about the conformal field theory that governs the critical point. We generalize our analysis to the Ising model away from the critical point, states with multiple local excitations, as well as t... 13. Complete wetting in the three-dimensional transverse Ising model OpenAIRE Harris, A B; Micheletti, C.; Yeomans, J. M. 1996-01-01 We consider a three-dimensional Ising model in a transverse magnetic field,$h$and a bulk field$H$. An interface is introduced by an appropriate choice of boundary conditions. At the point$(H=0,h=0)$spin configurations corresponding to different positions of the interface are degenerate. By studying the phase diagram near this multiphase point using quantum-mechanical perturbation theory we show that that quantum fluctuations, controlled by$h$, split the multiphase degeneracy giving rise... 14. Coupled modified baker's transformations for the Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Sakaguchi, H 1999-12-01 An invertible coupled map lattice is proposed for the Ising model. Each elemental map is a modified baker's transformation, which is a two-dimensional map of X and Y. The time evolution of the spin variable is memorized in the binary representation of the Y variable. The temporal entropy and time correlation of the spin variable are calculated from the snapshot configuration of the Y variables. 15. Magnetic Bloch oscillations in the near-Ising antiferromagnet CoCl2#center dot#2D2O DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Christensen, N.B.; Lefmann, K.; Johannsen, I.; 2000-01-01 We have investigated the possible occurrence of magnetic Bloch oscillations in CoCl2 . 2D(2)O. We were unable to observe these oscillations at 20.0 K, just above T-N. In an attempt to explain this result, we studied spin waves in the a*-c* plane in order to estimate the effect of the interchain... 16. Symmetries and solvable models for evaporating 2D black holes CERN Document Server Cruz, J; Navarro-Salas, J; Talavera, C F 1997-01-01 We study the evaporation process of a 2D black hole in thermal equilibrium when the ingoing radiation is switched off suddenly. We also introduce global symmetries of generic 2D dilaton gravity models which generalize the extra symmetry of the CGHS model. 17. Properties of Interfaces in the two and three dimensional Ising Model CERN Document Server Berg, B A; Neuhaus, T; 10.1007/BF02198159 2009-01-01 To investigate order-order interfaces, we perform multimagnetical Monte Carlo simulations of the$2D$and$3D$Ising model. Following Binder we extract the interfacial free energy from the infinite volume limit of the magnetic probability density. Stringent tests of the numerical methods are performed by reproducing with high precision exact$2D$results. In the physically more interesting$3D$case we estimate the amplitude$F^s_0$of the critical interfacial tension$F^s = F^s_0 t^\\mu$to be$F^s_0 = 1.52 \\pm 0.05$. This result is in good agreement with a previous MC calculation by Mon, as well as with experimental results for related amplitude ratios. In addition, we study in some details the shape of the magnetic probability density for temperatures below the Curie point. 18. Port Adriano, 2D-Model tests DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Burcharth, Hans F.; Meinert, Palle; Andersen, Thomas Lykke the crown wall have been measured. The model has been subjected to irregular waves corresponding to typical conditions offshore from the intended prototype location. Characteristic situations have been video recorded. The stability of the toe has been investigated. The wave-generated forces on the caisson...... and the crown have been recorded. The maximum of horizontal wave force and the related tilting moment together with the pressure distribution are documented for waves in the range of design conditions. The parameters and results in the report are given in full-scale values, if nothing else is stated.... 19. Cosmological model in 2d dilaton gravity CERN Document Server Mishima, T; Mishima, Takashi; Nakamichi, Akika 1993-01-01 We apply CGHS-type dilaton gravity model to (1+1)-dimensional cosmological situations. First the behavior of a compact 1-dimensional universe (i.e. like a closed string) is classified on the assumption of homogeneity of universe. Several interesting solutions are found, which include a Misner-type universe having closed time-like curves, and an asymptotically de Sitter universe first pointed out by Yoshimura. In the second half of this talk, we discuss the modification of the classical homogeneous solutions, considering inhomogeneity of classical conformal matters and also quantum back-reaction respectively. (An expanded version of the talk presented by T. Mishima at Yukawa Institute of Theoretical Physics workshop Quantum Gravity' 24-27, November 1992.) 20. Corner wetting transition in the two-dimensional Ising model Science.gov (United States) Lipowski, Adam 1998-07-01 We study the interfacial behavior of the two-dimensional Ising model at the corner of weakened bonds. Monte Carlo simulations results show that the interface is pinned to the corner at a lower temperature than a certain temperature Tcw at which it undergoes a corner wetting transition. The temperature Tcw is substantially lower than the temperature of the ordinary wetting transition with a line of weakened bonds. A solid-on-solid-like model is proposed, which provides a supplementary description of the corner wetting transition. 1. Ising model of financial markets with many assets Science.gov (United States) Eckrot, A.; Jurczyk, J.; Morgenstern, I. 2016-11-01 Many models of financial markets exist, but most of them simulate single asset markets. We study a multi asset Ising model of a financial market. Each agent has two possible actions (buy/sell) for every asset. The agents dynamically adjust their coupling coefficients according to past market returns and external news. This leads to fat tails and volatility clustering independent of the number of assets. We find that a separation of news into different channels leads to sector structures in the cross correlations, similar to those found in real markets. 2. The hobbyhorse of magnetic systems: the Ising model Science.gov (United States) Ibarra-García-Padilla, Eduardo; Gerardo Malanche-Flores, Carlos; Poveda-Cuevas, Freddy Jackson 2016-11-01 In undergraduate statistical mechanics courses the Ising model always plays an important role because it is the simplest non-trivial model used to describe magnetic systems. The one-dimensional model is easily solved analytically, while the two-dimensional one can be solved exactly by the Onsager solution. For this reason, numerical simulations are usually used to solve the two-dimensional model. Keeping in mind that the two-dimensional model is the platform for studying phase transitions, it is usually an exercise in computational undergraduate courses because its numerical solution is relatively simple to implement and its critical exponents are perfectly known. The purpose of this article is to present a detailed numerical study of the second-order phase transition in the two-dimensional Ising model at an undergraduate level, allowing readers not only to compare the mean-field solution, the exact solution and the numerical one through a complete study of the order parameter, the correlation function and finite-size scaling, but to present the techniques, along with hints and tips, for solving it themselves. We present the elementary theory of phase transitions and explain how to implement Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations and perform them for different lattice sizes with periodic boundary conditions. Energy, magnetization, specific heat, magnetic susceptibility and the correlation function are calculated and the critical exponents determined by finite-size scaling techniques. The importance of the correlation length as the relevant parameter in phase transitions is emphasized. 3. Defects in the tri-critical Ising model Science.gov (United States) Makabe, Isao; Watts, Gérard M. T. 2017-09-01 We consider two different conformal field theories with central charge c = 7 /10. One is the diagonal invariant minimal model in which all fields have integer spins; the other is the local fermionic theory with superconformal symmetry in which fields can have half-integer spin. We construct new conformal (but not topological or factorised) defects in the minimal model. We do this by first constructing defects in the fermionic model as boundary conditions in a fermionic theory of central charge c = 7 /5, using the folding trick as first proposed by Gang and Yamaguchi [1]. We then act on these with interface defects to find the new conformal defects. As part of the construction, we find the topological defects in the fermionic theory and the interfaces between the fermionic theory and the minimal model. We also consider the simpler case of defects in the theory of a single free fermion and interface defects between the Ising model and a single fermion as a prelude to calculations in the tri-critical Ising model. 4. Kalman Filter for Generalized 2-D Roesser Models Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) SHENG Mei; ZOU Yun 2007-01-01 The design problem of the state filter for the generalized stochastic 2-D Roesser models, which appears when both the state and measurement are simultaneously subjected to the interference from white noise, is discussed. The wellknown Kalman filter design is extended to the generalized 2-D Roesser models. Based on the method of "scanning line by line", the filtering problem of generalized 2-D Roesser models with mode-energy reconstruction is solved. The formula of the optimal filtering, which minimizes the variance of the estimation error of the state vectors, is derived. The validity of the designed filter is verified by the calculation steps and the examples are introduced. 5. Complete wetting in the three-dimensional transverse Ising model Science.gov (United States) Harris, A. B.; Micheletti, C.; Yeomans, J. M. 1996-08-01 We consider a three-dimensional Ising model in a transverse magnetic field h and a bulk field H. An interface is introduced by an appropriate choice of boundary conditions. At the point ( H=0, h=0) spin configurations corresponding to different positions of the interface are degenerate. By studying the phase diagram near this multiphase point using quantum mechanical perturbation theory, we show that the quantum fluctuations, controlled by h, split the multiphase degeneracy giving rise to an infinite sequence of layering transitions. 6. Fluctuation dissipation ratio in the one dimensional kinetic Ising model OpenAIRE Lippiello, E.; Zannetti, M. 2000-01-01 The exact relation between the response function$R(t,t^{\\prime})$and the two time correlation function$C(t,t^{\\prime})$is derived analytically in the one dimensional kinetic Ising model subjected to a temperature quench. The fluctuation dissipation ratio$X(t,t^{\\prime})$is found to depend on time through$C(t,t^{\\prime})$in the time region where scaling$C(t,t^{\\prime}) = f(t/t^{\\prime})$holds. The crossover from the nontrivial form$X(C(t,t^{\\prime}))$to$X(t,t^{\\prime}) \\equiv 1t... 7. Ising model simulation in directed lattices and networks Science.gov (United States) Lima, F. W. S.; Stauffer, D. 2006-01-01 On directed lattices, with half as many neighbours as in the usual undirected lattices, the Ising model does not seem to show a spontaneous magnetisation, at least for lower dimensions. Instead, the decay time for flipping of the magnetisation follows an Arrhenius law on the square and simple cubic lattice. On directed Barabási-Albert networks with two and seven neighbours selected by each added site, Metropolis and Glauber algorithms give similar results, while for Wolff cluster flipping the magnetisation decays exponentially with time. 8. Simulation of financial market via nonlinear Ising model Science.gov (United States) Ko, Bonggyun; Song, Jae Wook; Chang, Woojin 2016-09-01 In this research, we propose a practical method for simulating the financial return series whose distribution has a specific heaviness. We employ the Ising model for generating financial return series to be analogous to those of the real series. The similarity between real financial return series and simulated one is statistically verified based on their stylized facts including the power law behavior of tail distribution. We also suggest the scheme for setting the parameters in order to simulate the financial return series with specific tail behavior. The simulation method introduced in this paper is expected to be applied to the other financial products whose price return distribution is fat-tailed. 9. Creep motion in a random-field Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Roters, L; Lübeck, S; Usadel, K D 2001-02-01 We analyze numerically a moving interface in the random-field Ising model which is driven by a magnetic field. Without thermal fluctuations the system displays a depinning phase transition, i.e., the interface is pinned below a certain critical value of the driving field. For finite temperatures the interface moves even for driving fields below the critical value. In this so-called creep regime the dependence of the interface velocity on the temperature is expected to obey an Arrhenius law. We investigate the details of this Arrhenius behavior in two and three dimensions and compare our results with predictions obtained from renormalization group approaches. 10. Critical Exponents of Ferromagnetic Ising Model on Fractal Lattices Science.gov (United States) Hsiao, Pai-Yi 2001-04-01 We review the value of the critical exponents ν-1, β/ν, and γ/ν of ferromagnetic Ising model on fractal lattices of Hausdorff dimension between one and three. They are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation with the help of Wolff algorithm. The results are accurate enough to show that the hyperscaling law df = 2β/ν + γ/ν is satisfied in non-integer dimension. Nevertheless, the discrepancy between the simulation results and the γ-expansion studies suggests that the strong universality should be adapted for the fractal lattices. 11. Modified Mean Field approximation for the Ising Model CERN Document Server Di Bartolo, Cayetano 2009-01-01 We study a modified mean-field approximation for the Ising Model in arbitrary dimension. Instead of taking a "central" spin, or a small "drop" of fluctuating spins coupled to the effective field of their nearest neighbors as in the Mean-Field or the Bethe-Peierls-Weiss methods, we take an infinite chain of fluctuating spins coupled to the mean field of the rest of the lattice. This results in a significative improvement of the Mean-Field approximation with a small extra effort. 12. Surface critical behavior of the smoothly inhomogeneous Ising model Science.gov (United States) Burkhardt, Theodore W.; Guim, Ihnsouk 1984-01-01 We consider a semi-infinite two-dimensional Ising model with nearest-neighbor coupling constants that deviate from the bulk coupling by Am-y for large m, m being the distance from the edge. The case ALeeuwen. We report exact results for the boundary magnetization and boundary pair-correlation function when A>0. At the bulk critical temperature there is a rich variety of critical behavior in the A -y plane with both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic surface phases. Some of our results can be derived and generalized with simple scaling arguments. 13. Globally nilpotent differential operators and the square Ising model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bostan, A [INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, BP 105 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France); Boukraa, S [LPTHIRM and Departement d' Aeronautique, Universite de Blida (Algeria); Hassani, S; Zenine, N [Centre de Recherche Nucleaire d' Alger, 2 Bd. Frantz Fanon, BP 399, 16000 Alger (Algeria); Maillard, J-M [LPTMC, CNRS, Universite de Paris, Tour 24, 4eme etage, Case 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 (France); Weil, J-A [LACO, XLIM, Universite de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex (France)], E-mail: alin.bostan@inria.fr, E-mail: boukraa@mail.univ-blida.dz, E-mail: maillard@lptmc.jussieu.fr, E-mail: jacques-arthur.weil@unilim.fr, E-mail: njzenine@yahoo.com 2009-03-27 We recall various multiple integrals with one parameter, related to the isotropic square Ising model, and corresponding, respectively, to the n-particle contributions of the magnetic susceptibility, to the (lattice) form factors, to the two-point correlation functions and to their {lambda}-extensions. The univariate analytic functions defined by these integrals are holonomic and even G-functions: they satisfy Fuchsian linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients and have some arithmetic properties. We recall the explicit forms, found in previous work, of these Fuchsian equations, as well as their Russian-doll and direct sum structures. These differential operators are selected Fuchsian linear differential operators, and their remarkable properties have a deep geometrical origin: they are all globally nilpotent, or, sometimes, even have zero p-curvature. We also display miscellaneous examples of globally nilpotent operators emerging from enumerative combinatorics problems for which no integral representation is yet known. Focusing on the factorized parts of all these operators, we find out that the global nilpotence of the factors (resp. p-curvature nullity) corresponds to a set of selected structures of algebraic geometry: elliptic curves, modular curves, curves of genus five, six,..., and even a remarkable weight-1 modular form emerging in the three-particle contribution {chi}{sup (3)} of the magnetic susceptibility of the square Ising model. Noticeably, this associated weight-1 modular form is also seen in the factors of the differential operator for another n-fold integral of the Ising class, {phi}{sup (3)}{sub H}, for the staircase polygons counting, and in Apery's study of {zeta}(3). G-functions naturally occur as solutions of globally nilpotent operators. In the case where we do not have G-functions, but Hamburger functions (one irregular singularity at 0 or {infinity}) that correspond to the confluence of singularities in the scaling limit 14. Oscillating hysteresis in the q-neighbor Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Jȩdrzejewski, Arkadiusz; Chmiel, Anna; Sznajd-Weron, Katarzyna 2015-11-01 We modify the kinetic Ising model with Metropolis dynamics, allowing each spin to interact only with q spins randomly chosen from the whole system, which corresponds to the topology of a complete graph. We show that the model with q≥3 exhibits a phase transition between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases at temperature T*, which linearly increases with q. Moreover, we show that for q=3 the phase transition is continuous and that it is discontinuous for larger values of q. For q>3, the hysteresis exhibits oscillatory behavior-expanding for even values of q and shrinking for odd values of q. Due to the mean-field-like nature of the model, we are able to derive the analytical form of transition probabilities and, therefore, calculate not only the probability density function of the order parameter but also precisely determine the hysteresis and the effective potential showing stable, unstable, and metastable steady states. Our results show that a seemingly small modification of the kinetic Ising model leads not only to the switch from a continuous to a discontinuous phase transition, but also to an unexpected oscillating behavior of the hysteresis and a puzzling phenomenon for q=5, which might be taken as evidence for the so-called mixed-order phase transition. 15. Generic phase coexistence in the totally asymmetric kinetic Ising model Science.gov (United States) Godrèche, Claude; Luck, Jean-Marc 2017-07-01 The physical analysis of generic phase coexistence in the North-East-Center Toom model was originally given by Bennett and Grinstein. The gist of their argument relies on the dynamics of interfaces and droplets. We revisit the same question for a specific totally asymmetric kinetic Ising model on the square lattice. This nonequilibrium model possesses the remarkable property that its stationary-state measure in the absence of a magnetic field coincides with that of the usual ferromagnetic Ising model. We use both analytical arguments and numerical simulations in order to make progress in the quantitative understanding of the phenomenon of generic phase coexistence. At zero temperature a mapping onto the TASEP allows an exact determination of the time-dependent shape of the ballistic interface sweeping a large square minority droplet of up or down spins. At finite temperature, measuring the mean lifetime of such a droplet allows an accurate measurement of its shrinking velocity v, which depends on temperature T and magnetic field h. In the absence of a magnetic field, v vanishes with an exponent Δ_v≈2.5+/-0.2 as the critical temperature T c is approached. At fixed temperature in the ordered phase, v vanishes at the phase-boundary fields +/- h_b(T) which mark the limits of the coexistence region. The latter fields vanish with an exponent Δ_h≈3.2+/-0.3 as T c is approached. 16. Ising percolation in a three-state majority vote model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Balankin, Alexander S., E-mail: abalankin@ipn.mx [Grupo Mecánica Fractal, ESIME, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., 07738 (Mexico); Martínez-Cruz, M.A.; Gayosso Martínez, Felipe [Grupo Mecánica Fractal, ESIME, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., 07738 (Mexico); Mena, Baltasar [Laboratorio de Ingeniería y Procesos Costeros, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, 97355 (Mexico); Tobon, Atalo; Patiño-Ortiz, Julián; Patiño-Ortiz, Miguel; Samayoa, Didier [Grupo Mecánica Fractal, ESIME, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., 07738 (Mexico) 2017-02-05 Highlights: • Three-state non-consensus majority voter model is introduced. • Phase transition in the absorbing state non-consensus is revealed. • The percolation transition belongs to the universality class of Ising percolation. • The effect of an updating rule for a tie between voter neighbors is highlighted. - Abstract: In this Letter, we introduce a three-state majority vote model in which each voter adopts a state of a majority of its active neighbors, if exist, but the voter becomes uncommitted if its active neighbors are in a tie, or all neighbors are the uncommitted. Numerical simulations were performed on square lattices of different linear size with periodic boundary conditions. Starting from a random distribution of active voters, the model leads to a stable non-consensus state in which three opinions coexist. We found that the “magnetization” of the non-consensus state and the concentration of uncommitted voters in it are governed by an initial composition of system and are independent of the lattice size. Furthermore, we found that a configuration of the stable non-consensus state undergoes a second order percolation transition at a critical concentration of voters holding the same opinion. Numerical simulations suggest that this transition belongs to the same universality class as the Ising percolation. These findings highlight the effect of an updating rule for a tie between voter neighbors on the critical behavior of models obeying the majority vote rule whenever a strict majority exists. 17. Spin-1 Ising model on tetrahedron recursive lattices: Exact results Science.gov (United States) Jurčišinová, E.; Jurčišin, M. 2016-11-01 We investigate the ferromagnetic spin-1 Ising model on the tetrahedron recursive lattices. An exact solution of the model is found in the framework of which it is shown that the critical temperatures of the second order phase transitions of the model are driven by a single equation simultaneously on all such lattices. It is also shown that this general equation for the critical temperatures is equivalent to the corresponding polynomial equation for the model on the tetrahedron recursive lattice with arbitrary given value of the coordination number. The explicit form of these polynomial equations is shown for the lattices with the coordination numbers z = 6, 9, and 12. In addition, it is shown that the thermodynamic properties of all possible physical phases of the model are also completely driven by the corresponding single equations simultaneously on all tetrahedron recursive lattices. In this respect, the spontaneous magnetization, the free energy, the entropy, and the specific heat of the model are studied in detail. 18. Toward an Ising model of cancer and beyond. Science.gov (United States) Torquato, Salvatore 2011-02-01 The holy grail of tumor modeling is to formulate theoretical and computational tools that can be utilized in the clinic to predict neoplastic progression and propose individualized optimal treatment strategies to control cancer growth. In order to develop such a predictive model, one must account for the numerous complex mechanisms involved in tumor growth. Here we review the research work that we have done toward the development of an 'Ising model' of cancer. The Ising model is an idealized statistical-mechanical model of ferromagnetism that is based on simple local-interaction rules, but nonetheless leads to basic insights and features of real magnets, such as phase transitions with a critical point. The review begins with a description of a minimalist four-dimensional (three dimensions in space and one in time) cellular automaton (CA) model of cancer in which cells transition between states (proliferative, hypoxic and necrotic) according to simple local rules and their present states, which can viewed as a stripped-down Ising model of cancer. This model is applied to study the growth of glioblastoma multiforme, the most malignant of brain cancers. This is followed by a discussion of the extension of the model to study the effect on the tumor dynamics and geometry of a mutated subpopulation. A discussion of how tumor growth is affected by chemotherapeutic treatment, including induced resistance, is then described. We then describe how to incorporate angiogenesis as well as the heterogeneous and confined environment in which a tumor grows in the CA model. The characterization of the level of organization of the invasive network around a solid tumor using spanning trees is subsequently discussed. Then, we describe open problems and future promising avenues for future research, including the need to develop better molecular-based models that incorporate the true heterogeneous environment over wide range of length and time scales (via imaging data), cell motility 19. Nonequilibrium relaxation study of Ising spin glass models Science.gov (United States) Ozeki, Yukiyasu; Ito, Nobuyasu 2001-07-01 As an analysis of equilibrium phase transitions, the nonequilibrium relaxation method is extended to the spin glass (SG) transition. The +/-J Ising SG model is analyzed for three-dimensional (cubic) lattices up to the linear size of L=127 and for four-dimensional (hypercubic) lattice up to L=41. These sizes of systems are quite large as compared with those calculated, so far, by equilibrium simulations. As a dynamical order parameter, we calculate the clone correlation function (CCF) Q(t,tw)≡[F], which is a spin correlation of two replicas produced after the waiting time tw from a simple starting state. It is found that the CCF shows an exponential decay in the paramagnetic phase, and a power-law decay after aginglike development (t>>tw) in the SG phase. This provides a reliable upper bound of the transition temperature Tg. It is also found that a scaling relation, Q(t,tw)=t-λqwq¯(t/tw), holds just around the transition point providing the lower bound of Tg. Together with these two bounds, we propose a new dynamical way for the estimation of Tg from much larger systems. In the SG phase, the power-law behavior of the CCF for t>>tw suggests that the SG phase in short-range Ising models has a rugged phase space. 20. Quantum dimensions from local operator excitations in the Ising model Science.gov (United States) Caputa, Paweł; Rams, Marek M. 2017-02-01 We compare the time evolution of entanglement measures after local operator excitation in the critical Ising model with predictions from conformal field theory. For the spin operator and its descendants we find that Rényi entropies of a block of spins increase by a constant that matches the logarithm of the quantum dimension of the conformal family. However, for the energy operator we find a small constant contribution that differs from the conformal field theory answer equal to zero. We argue that the mismatch is caused by the subtleties in the identification between the local operators in conformal field theory and their lattice counterpart. Our results indicate that evolution of entanglement measures in locally excited states not only constraints this identification, but also can be used to extract non-trivial data about the conformal field theory that governs the critical point. We generalize our analysis to the Ising model away from the critical point, states with multiple local excitations, as well as the evolution of the relative entropy after local operator excitation and discuss universal features that emerge from numerics. 1. Block renormalization study on the nonequilibrium chiral Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Kim, Mina; Park, Su-Chan; Noh, Jae Dong 2015-01-01 We present a numerical study on the ordering dynamics of a one-dimensional nonequilibrium Ising spin system with chirality. This system is characterized by a direction-dependent spin update rule. Pairs of +- spins can flip to ++ or -- with probability (1-u) or to -+ with probability u while -+ pairs are frozen. The system was found to evolve into the ferromagnetic ordered state at any urenormalization analysis proposed by Basu and Hinrichsen [U. Basu and H. Hinrichsen, J. Stat. Mech.: Theor. Exp. (2011)]. The block renormalization method predicts, under the assumption of dynamic scale invariance, a scaling relation that can be used to estimate the scaling exponent numerically. We find the condition under which the scaling relation is justified. We then apply the method to our model and obtain the critical exponent zδ at several values of u. The numerical result is in perfect agreement with that of the previous study. This study serves as additional evidence for the claim that the nonequilibrium chiral Ising model displays power-law scaling behavior with continuously varying exponents. 2. The Random-Bond Ising Model in 2.01 and 3 Dimensions CERN Document Server Komargodski, Zohar 2016-01-01 We consider the Ising model between 2 and 4 dimensions perturbed by quenched disorder in the strength of the interaction between nearby spins. In the interval 2<d<4 this disorder is a relevant perturbation that drives the system to a new fixed point of the renormalization group. At d=2 such disorder is marginally irrelevant and can be studied using conformal perturbation theory. Combining conformal perturbation theory with recent results from the conformal bootstrap we compute some scaling exponents in an expansion around d=2. If one trusts these computations also in d=3, one finds results consistent with experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, we perform a direct uncontrolled computation in d=3 using new results for low-lying operator dimensions and OPE coefficients in the 3d Ising model. We compare these new methods with previous studies. Finally, we comment about theO(2)$model in d=3, where we predict a large logarithmic correction to the infrared scaling of disorder. 3. A Direct Calculation of Critical Exponents of Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Ising Model Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) XIONG Gang; WANG Xiang-Rong 2006-01-01 Using an exact solution of the one-dimensional quantum transverse-field Ising model, we calculate the critical exponents of the two-dimensional anisotropic classicalIsing model (IM). We verify that the exponents are the same as those of isotropic classical IM. Our approach provides an alternative means of obtaining and verifying these well-known results. 4. Computer simulation of temperature-dependent growth of fractal and compact domains in diluted Ising models DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Sørensen, Erik Schwartz; Fogedby, Hans C.; Mouritsen, Ole G. 1989-01-01 A version of the two-dimensional site-diluted spin-(1/2 Ising model is proposed as a microscopic interaction model which governs solidification and growth processes controlled by vacancy diffusion. The Ising Hamiltonian describes a solid-fluid phase transition and it permits a thermodynamic......-water interfaces.... 5. Conformal symmetry of the critical 3D Ising model inside a sphere CERN Document Server Cosme, Catarina; Penedones, Joao 2015-01-01 We perform Monte-Carlo simulations of the three-dimensional Ising model at the critical temperature and zero magnetic field. We simulate the system in a ball with free boundary conditions on the two dimensional spherical boundary. Our results for one and two point functions in this geometry are consistent with the predictions from the conjectured conformal symmetry of the critical Ising model. 6. Nonequilibrium stationary states and phase transitions in directed Ising models Science.gov (United States) Godrèche, Claude; Bray, Alan J. 2009-12-01 We study the nonequilibrium properties of directed Ising models with non-conserved dynamics, in which each spin is influenced by only a subset of its nearest neighbours. We treat the following models: (i) the one-dimensional chain; (ii) the two-dimensional square lattice; (iii) the two-dimensional triangular lattice and (iv) the three-dimensional cubic lattice. We raise and answer the question: (a) under what conditions is the stationary state described by the equilibrium Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution? We show that, for models (i), (ii) and (iii), in which each spin 'sees' only half of its neighbours, there is a unique set of transition rates, namely with exponential dependence in the local field, for which this is the case. For model (iv), we find that any rates satisfying the constraints required for the stationary measure to be Gibbsian should satisfy detailed balance, ruling out the possibility of directed dynamics. We finally show that directed models on lattices of coordination number z>=8 with exponential rates cannot accommodate a Gibbsian stationary state. We conjecture that this property extends to any form of the rates. We are thus led to the conclusion that directed models with Gibbsian stationary states only exist in dimensions one and two. We then raise the question: (b) do directed Ising models, augmented by Glauber dynamics, exhibit a phase transition to a ferromagnetic state? For the models considered above, the answers are open problems, with the exception of the simple cases (i) and (ii). For Cayley trees, where each spin sees only the spins further from the root, we show that there is a phase transition provided the branching ratio, q, satisfies q>=3. 7. Collins Model and Phase Diagram of 2D Ternary System Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) XIE Chuan-Mei; CHEN Li-Rong 2004-01-01 The Collins model is introduced into the two-dimensional (2D) alternative ternary system having the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential. The Gibbs free energy of this ternary system is calculated, and according to thermodynamic theory, a group of equations that determine the solid-liquid diagram of ternary system are derived, some isothermal sectional diagrams of the 2D ternary system are obtained. The results are quite similar to the behavior of three-dimensional substances. 8. QSAR Models for P-450 (2D6) Substrate Activity DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Ringsted, Tine; Nikolov, Nikolai Georgiev; Jensen, Gunde Egeskov; 2009-01-01 activity relationship (QSAR) modelling systems. They cross validated (leave-groups-out) with concordances of 71%, 81% and 82%, respectively. Discrete organic European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS) chemicals were screened to predict an approximate percentage of CYP 2D6...... substrates. These chemicals are potentially present in the environment. The biological importance of the CYP 2D6 and the use of the software mentioned above were discussed.... 9. The Gonihedric Paradigm Extensions of the Ising Model CERN Document Server Savvidy, George 2015-01-01 We suggest a generalization of the Feynman path integral to an integral over random surfaces. The proposed action is proportional to the linear size of the random surfaces and is called gonihedric. The convergence and the properties of the partition function are analysed. The model can also be formulated as a spin system with identical partition function. The spin system represents a generalisation of the Ising model with ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and quartic interactions. Higher symmetry of the model allows to construct dual spin systems in three and four dimensions. In three dimensions the transfer matrix describes the propagation of closed loops and we found its exact spectrum. It is a unique exact solution of the tree-dimensional statistical spin system. In three and four dimensions the system exhibits the second order phase transitions. The gonihedric spin systems have exponentially degenerated vacuum states separated by the potential barriers and can be used as a storage of binary information. 10. Antiferromagnetic Ising model in an imaginary magnetic field Science.gov (United States) Azcoiti, Vicente; Di Carlo, Giuseppe; Follana, Eduardo; Royo-Amondarain, Eduardo 2017-09-01 We study the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model with a purely imaginary magnetic field, which can be thought of as a toy model for the usual θ physics. Our motivation is to have a benchmark calculation in a system which suffers from a strong sign problem, so that our results can be used to test Monte Carlo methods developed to tackle such problems. We analyze here this model by means of analytical techniques, computing exactly the first eight cumulants of the expansion of the effective Hamiltonian in powers of the inverse temperature, and calculating physical observables for a large number of degrees of freedom with the help of standard multiprecision algorithms. We report accurate results for the free energy density, internal energy, standard and staggered magnetization, and the position and nature of the critical line, which confirm the mean-field qualitative picture, and which should be quantitatively reliable, at least in the high-temperature regime, including the entire critical line. 11. Propagation of fluctuations in the quantum Ising model Science.gov (United States) Navez, P.; Tsironis, G. P.; Zagoskin, A. M. 2017-02-01 We investigate entanglement dynamics and correlations in the quantum Ising model in arbitrary dimensions using a large-coordination-number expansion. We start from the pure paramagnetic regime obtained through zero spin-spin coupling and subsequently turn on the interspin interaction in a time-dependent fashion. We investigate analytically and compare results for both the slow adiabatic onset of the interactions and the fast instantaneous switching. We find that in the latter case of an initial excitation mode a quantum correlation wave spreads through the system, propagating with twice the group velocity of the linearized equilibrium modes. This wave establishes the spatiotemporal regime of entangled quantum properties of the system for time scales shorter than the decoherence time and thus provides an indicator for the "quantumness" of the physical system that the specific system models. 12. Modeling dark energy through an Ising fluid with network interactions CERN Document Server Luongo, Orlando 2013-01-01 We show that the dark energy effects can be modeled by using an \\emph{Ising perfect fluid} with network interactions, whose low redshift equation of state, i.e.$\\omega_0$, becomes$\\omega_0=-1$as in the$\\Lambda$CDM model. In our picture, dark energy is characterized by a barotropic fluid on a lattice in the equilibrium configuration. Thus, mimicking the spin interaction by replacing the spin variable with an occupational number, the pressure naturally becomes negative. We find that the corresponding equation of state mimics the effects of a variable dark energy term, whose limiting case reduces to the cosmological constant$\\Lambda$. This permits us to avoid the introduction of a vacuum energy as dark energy source by hand, alleviating the coincidence and fine tuning problems. We find fairly good cosmological constraints, by performing three tests with supernovae Ia, baryonic acoustic oscillation and cosmic microwave background measurements. Finally, we perform the AIC and BIC selection criteria, showing t... 13. Ising model with short-range correlated dilution Science.gov (United States) Branco, N. S.; de Queiroz, S. L. A.; Dos Santos, Raimundo R. 1988-07-01 We consider a diluted Ising model in which the absence of a spin affects the exchange coupling of a nearest-neighbor pair along the line joining the three spins; that is, it aquires the value αJ, where α is a phenomenological parameter ɛ[0,1]. This model has been proposed to explain the experimental phase diagram for KNixMg1-xF3. A position-space renormalization-group analysis clearly distinguishes two percolation thresholds depending on whether α=0 or α>0, though both cases seem to be in the same universality class. Further, thermal fluctuations dominate over the geometrical ones as in the uncorrelated case and the critical curve (critical temperature versus concentration of magnetic sites) displays an upward curvature for intermediate degrees of correlation 0<α<1, as experimentally observed. 14. UPLAND EROSION MODELING WITH CASC2D-SED Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Pierre JULIEN; Rosalía ROJAS 2002-01-01 Developed at Colorado State University, CASC2D-SED is a physically-based model simulating the hydrologic response of a watershed to a distributed rainfall field. The time-dependent processes include:precipitation, interception, infiltration, surface runoff and channel routing, upland erosion, transport and sedimentation. CASC2D-SED is applied to Goodwin Creek, Mississippi. The watershed covers 21 km2and has been extensively monitored both at the outlet and at several internal locations by the ARS-NSL at Oxford, MS. The model has been calibrated and validated using rainfall data from 16 meteorological stations, 6 stream gauging stations and 6 sediment gauging stations. Sediment erosion/deposition rates by size fraction are predicted both in space and time. Geovisualization, a powerful data exploration technique based on GIS technology, is used to analyze and display the dynamic output time series generated by the CASC2D-SED model. 15. A VARIATIONAL MODEL FOR 2-D MICROPOLAR BLOOD FLOW Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) He Ji-huan 2003-01-01 The micropolar fluid model is an essential generalization of the well-established Navier-Stokes model in the sense that it takes into account the microstructure of the fluid.This paper is devolted to establishing a variational principle for 2-D incompressible micropolar blood flow. 16. Robust criticality of Ising model on rewired directed networks CERN Document Server Lipowski, Adam; Lipowska, Dorota 2015-01-01 We show that preferential rewiring, which is supposed to mimick the behaviour of financial agents, changes a directed-network Ising ferromagnet with a single critical point into a model with robust critical behaviour. For the non-rewired random graph version, due to a constant number of links out-going from each site, we write a simple mean-field-like equation describing the behaviour of magnetization; we argue that it is exact and support the claim with extensive Monte Carlo simulations. For the rewired version, this equation is obeyed only at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, rewiring leads to strong heterogeneities, which apparently invalidates mean-field arguments and induces large fluctuations and divergent susceptibility. Such behaviour is traced back to the formation of a relatively small core of agents which influence the entire system. 17. Magnetic critical behavior of the Ising model on fractal structures Science.gov (United States) Monceau, Pascal; Perreau, Michel; Hébert, Frédéric 1998-09-01 The critical temperature and the set of critical exponents (β,γ,ν) of the Ising model on a fractal structure, namely the Sierpiński carpet, are calculated from a Monte Carlo simulation based on the Wolff algorithm together with the histogram method and finite-size scaling. Both cases of periodic boundary conditions and free edges are investigated. The calculations have been done up to the seventh iteration step of the fractal structure. The results show that, although the structure is not translationally invariant, the scaling behavior of thermodynamical quantities is conserved, which gives a meaning to the finite-size analysis. Although some discrepancies in the values of the critical exponents occur between periodic boundary conditions and free edges, the effective dimension obtained through the Rushbrooke and Josephson's scaling law have the same value in both cases. This value is slightly but significantly different from the fractal dimension. 18. Maximum caliber inference and the stochastic Ising model Science.gov (United States) Cafaro, Carlo; Ali, Sean Alan 2016-11-01 We investigate the maximum caliber variational principle as an inference algorithm used to predict dynamical properties of complex nonequilibrium, stationary, statistical systems in the presence of incomplete information. Specifically, we maximize the path entropy over discrete time step trajectories subject to normalization, stationarity, and detailed balance constraints together with a path-dependent dynamical information constraint reflecting a given average global behavior of the complex system. A general expression for the transition probability values associated with the stationary random Markov processes describing the nonequilibrium stationary system is computed. By virtue of our analysis, we uncover that a convenient choice of the dynamical information constraint together with a perturbative asymptotic expansion with respect to its corresponding Lagrange multiplier of the general expression for the transition probability leads to a formal overlap with the well-known Glauber hyperbolic tangent rule for the transition probability for the stochastic Ising model in the limit of very high temperatures of the heat reservoir. 19. Ising spins on thin graphs CERN Document Server Baillie, C F; Kownacki, J P 1994-01-01 The Ising model on thin'' graphs (standard Feynman diagrams) displays several interesting properties. For ferromagnetic couplings there is a mean field phase transition at the corresponding Bethe lattice transition point. For antiferromagnetic couplings the replica trick gives some evidence for a spin glass phase. In this paper we investigate both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic models with the aid of simulations. We confirm the Bethe lattice values of the critical points for the ferromagnetic model on \\phi^3 and \\phi^4 graphs and examine the putative spin glass phase in the antiferromagnetic model by looking at the overlap between replicas in a quenched ensemble of graphs. We also compare the Ising results with those for higher state Potts models and Ising models on fat'' graphs, such as those used in 2D gravity simulations. 20. Monte Carlo simulations of intragrain spin effects in a quasi-2D Heisenberg model with uniaxial anisotropy. Science.gov (United States) Leblanc, M D; Whitehead, J P; Plumer, M L 2013-05-15 A combination of Metropolis and modified Wolff cluster algorithms is used to examine the impact of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy on the phase transition to ferromagnetic order of Heisenberg macrospins on a 2D square lattice. This forms the basis of a model for granular perpendicular recording media where macrospins represent the magnetic moment of grains. The focus of this work is on the interplay between anisotropy D, intragrain exchange J' and intergrain exchange J on the ordering temperature T(C) and extends our previous reported analysis of the granular Ising model. The role of intragrain degrees of freedom in heat assisted magnetic recording is discussed. 1. Monte Carlo simulations of intragrain spin effects in a quasi-2D Heisenberg model with uniaxial anisotropy Science.gov (United States) Leblanc, M. D.; Whitehead, J. P.; Plumer, M. L. 2013-05-01 A combination of Metropolis and modified Wolff cluster algorithms is used to examine the impact of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy on the phase transition to ferromagnetic order of Heisenberg macrospins on a 2D square lattice. This forms the basis of a model for granular perpendicular recording media where macrospins represent the magnetic moment of grains. The focus of this work is on the interplay between anisotropy D, intragrain exchange J‧ and intergrain exchange J on the ordering temperature TC and extends our previous reported analysis of the granular Ising model. The role of intragrain degrees of freedom in heat assisted magnetic recording is discussed. 2. DEVELOPMENT OF 2D HUMAN BODY MODELING USING THINNING ALGORITHM Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) K. Srinivasan 2010-11-01 Full Text Available Monitoring the behavior and activities of people in Video surveillance has gained more applications in Computer vision. This paper proposes a new approach to model the human body in 2D view for the activity analysis using Thinning algorithm. The first step of this work is Background subtraction which is achieved by the frame differencing algorithm. Thinning algorithm has been used to find the skeleton of the human body. After thinning, the thirteen feature points like terminating points, intersecting points, shoulder, elbow, and knee points have been extracted. Here, this research work attempts to represent the body model in three different ways such as Stick figure model, Patch model and Rectangle body model. The activities of humans have been analyzed with the help of 2D model for the pre-defined poses from the monocular video data. Finally, the time consumption and efficiency of our proposed algorithm have been evaluated. 3. Horns Rev II, 2D-Model Tests DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Andersen, Thomas Lykke; Brorsen, Michael This report is an extension of the study presented in Lykke Andersen and Brorsen, 2006 and includes results from the irregular wave tests, where Lykke Andersen & Brorsen, 2006 focused on regular waves. The 2D physical model tests were carried out in the shallow wave flume at Dept. of Civil... 4. Preliminary 2D numerical modeling of common granular problems Science.gov (United States) Wyser, Emmanuel; Jaboyedoff, Michel 2017-04-01 Granular studies received an increasing interest during the last decade. Many scientific investigations were successfully addressed to acknowledge the ubiquitous behavior of granular matter. We investigate liquid impacts onto granular beds, i.e. the influence of the packing and compaction-dilation transition. However, a physically-based model is still lacking to address complex microscopic features of granular bed response during liquid impacts such as compaction-dilation transition or granular bed uplifts (Wyser et al. in review). We present our preliminary 2D numerical modeling based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) using nonlinear contact force law (the Hertz-Mindlin model) for disk shape particles. The algorithm is written in C programming language. Our 2D model provides an analytical tool to address granular problems such as i) granular collapses and ii) static granular assembliy problems. This provides a validation framework of our numerical approach by comparing our numerical results with previous laboratory experiments or numerical works. Inspired by the work of Warnett et al. (2014) and Staron & Hinch (2005), we studied i) the axisymetric collapse of granular columns. We addressed the scaling between the initial aspect ratio and the final runout distance. Our numerical results are in good aggreement with the previous studies of Warnett et al. (2014) and Staron & Hinch (2005). ii) Reproducing static problems for regular and randomly stacked particles provides a valid comparison to results of Egholm (2007). Vertical and horizontal stresses within the assembly are quite identical to stresses obtained by Egholm (2007), thus demonstating the consistency of our 2D numerical model. Our 2D numerical model is able to reproduce common granular case studies such as granular collapses or static problems. However, a sufficient small timestep should be used to ensure a good numerical consistency, resulting in higher computational time. The latter becomes critical 5. Maximizing entropy of image models for 2-D constrained coding DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Forchhammer, Søren; Danieli, Matteo; Burini, Nino 2010-01-01 This paper considers estimating and maximizing the entropy of two-dimensional (2-D) fields with application to 2-D constrained coding. We consider Markov random fields (MRF), which have a non-causal description, and the special case of Pickard random fields (PRF). The PRF are 2-D causal finite...... context models, which define stationary probability distributions on finite rectangles and thus allow for calculation of the entropy. We consider two binary constraints and revisit the hard square constraint given by forbidding neighboring 1s and provide novel results for the constraint that no uniform 2...... £ 2 squares contains all 0s or all 1s. The maximum values of the entropy for the constraints are estimated and binary PRF satisfying the constraint are characterized and optimized w.r.t. the entropy. The maximum binary PRF entropy is 0.839 bits/symbol for the no uniform squares constraint. The entropy... 6. The boundary states and correlation functions of the tricritical Ising model CERN Document Server Balaska, S 2006-01-01 We consider the minimal model describing the tricritical Ising model on the upper half plane or equivalently on an infinite strip of finite width and we determine its consistents boundary states as well as its 1-point correlation functions. 7. The exact interface model for wetting in the two-dimensional Ising model OpenAIRE Upton, P. J. 2002-01-01 We use exact methods to derive an interface model from an underlying microscopic model, i.e., the Ising model on a square lattice. At the wetting transition in the two-dimensional Ising model, the long Peierls contour (or interface) gets depinned from the substrate. Using exact transfer-matrix methods, we find that on sufficiently large length scales (i.e., length scales sufficiently larger than the bulk correlation length) the distribution of the long contour is given by a unique probability... 8. Instantons in 2D U(1) Higgs model and 2D CP(N-1) sigma models Science.gov (United States) Lian, Yaogang 2007-12-01 In this thesis I present the results of a study of the topological structures of 2D U(1) Higgs model and 2D CP N-1 sigma models. Both models have been studied using the overlap Dirac operator construction of topological charge density. The overlap operator provides a more incisive probe into the local topological structure of gauge field configurations than the traditional plaquette-based operator. In the 2D U(1) Higgs model, we show that classical instantons with finite sizes violate the negativity of topological charge correlator by giving a positive contribution to the correlator at non-zero separation. We argue that instantons in 2D U(1) Higgs model must be accompanied by large quantum fluctuations in order to solve this contradiction. In 2D CPN-1 sigma models, we observe the anomalous scaling behavior of the topological susceptibility chi t for N ≤ 3. The divergence of chi t in these models is traced to the presence of small instantons with a radius of order a (= lattice spacing), which are directly observed on the lattice. The observation of these small instantons provides detailed confirmation of Luscher's argument that such short-distance excitations, with quantized topological charge, should be the dominant topological fluctuations in CP1 and CP 2, leading to a divergent topological susceptibility in the continuum limit. For the CPN-1 models with N > 3 the topological susceptibility is observed to scale properly with the mass gap. Another topic presented in this thesis is an implementation of the Zolotarev optimal rational approximation for the overlap Dirac operator. This new implementation has reduced the time complexity of the overlap routine from O(N3 ) to O(N), where N is the total number of sites on the lattice. This opens up a door to more accurate lattice measurements in the future. 9. 2D Models for Dust-driven AGB Star Winds CERN Document Server Woitke, P 2006-01-01 New axisymmetric (2D) models for dust-driven winds of C-stars are presented which include hydrodynamics with radiation pressure on dust, equilibrium chemistry and time-dependent dust formation with coupled grey Monte Carlo radiative transfer. Considering the most simple case without stellar pulsation (hydrostatic inner boundary condition) these models reveal a more complex picture of the dust formation and wind acceleration as compared to earlier published spherically symmetric (1D) models. The so-called exterior$\\kappa$-mechanism causes radial oscillations with short phases of active dust formation between longer phases without appreciable dust formation, just like in the 1D models. However, in 2D geometry, the oscillations can be out-of-phase at different places above the stellar atmosphere which result in the formation of dust arcs or smaller caps that only occupy a certain fraction of the total solid angle. These dust structures are accelerated outward by radiation pressure, expanding radially and tangen... 10. 2-D Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling of A Pulsed Plasma Thruster Science.gov (United States) Thio, Y. C. Francis; Cassibry, J. T.; Wu, S. T.; Rodgers, Stephen L. (Technical Monitor) 2002-01-01 Experiments are being performed on the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) MK-1 pulsed plasma thruster. Data produced from the experiments provide an opportunity to further understand the plasma dynamics in these thrusters via detailed computational modeling. The detailed and accurate understanding of the plasma dynamics in these devices holds the key towards extending their capabilities in a number of applications, including their applications as high power (greater than 1 MW) thrusters, and their use for producing high-velocity, uniform plasma jets for experimental purposes. For this study, the 2-D MHD modeling code, MACH2, is used to provide detailed interpretation of the experimental data. At the same time, a 0-D physics model of the plasma initial phase is developed to guide our 2-D modeling studies. 11. Horns Rev II, 2D-Model Tests DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Andersen, Thomas Lykke; Brorsen, Michael This report present the results of 2D physical model tests carried out in the shallow wave flume at Dept. of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University (AAU), Denmark. The starting point for the present report is the previously carried out run-up tests described in Lykke Andersen & Frigaard, 2006......-shaped access platforms on piles. The Model tests include mainly regular waves and a few irregular wave tests. These tests have been conducted at Aalborg University from 9. November, 2006 to 17. November, 2006.... 12. Low temperature expansion of the gonihedric Ising model CERN Document Server Pietig, R 1998-01-01 We investigate a model of closed$(d-1)$-dimensional soft-self-avoiding random surfaces on a$d$-dimensional cubic lattice. The energy of a surface configuration is given by$E=J(n_{2}+4k n_{4})$, where$n_{2}$is the number of edges, where two plaquettes meet at a right angle and$n_{4}$is the number of edges, where 4 plaquettes meet. This model can be represented as a next-nearest-neighbour- and plaquette-interaction. It corresponds to a special case of a general class of spin systems introduced by Wegner and Savvidy. Since there is no term proportional to the surface area, the bare surface tension of the model vanishes, in contrast to the ordinary Ising model. By a suitable adaption of Peierls argument, we prove the existence of infinitely many ordered low temperature phases for the case$k=0$. A low temperature expansion of the free energy in 3 dimensions up to order$x^{38}$($x={e}^{-\\beta J}$) shows, that for$k>0$only the ferromagnetic low temperature phases remain stable. An analysis of low tempera... 13. Maximum likelihood reconstruction for Ising models with asynchronous updates CERN Document Server Zeng, Hong-Li; Aurell, Erik; Hertz, John; Roudi, Yasser 2012-01-01 We describe how the couplings in a non-equilibrium Ising model can be inferred from observing the model history. Two cases of an asynchronous update scheme are considered: one in which we know both the spin history and the update times (times at which an attempt was made to flip a spin) and one in which we only know the spin history (i.e., the times at which spins were actually flipped). In both cases, maximizing the likelihood of the data leads to exact learning rules for the couplings in the model. For the first case, we show that one can average over all possible choices of update times to obtain a learning rule that depends only on spin correlations and not on the specific spin history. For the second case, the same rule can be derived within a further decoupling approximation. We study all methods numerically for fully asymmetric Sherrington-Kirkpatrick models, varying the data length, system size, temperature, and external field. Good convergence is observed in accordance with the theoretical expectatio... 14. Numerical modelling of spallation in 2D hydrodynamics codes Science.gov (United States) Maw, J. R.; Giles, A. R. 1996-05-01 A model for spallation based on the void growth model of Johnson has been implemented in 2D Lagrangian and Eulerian hydrocodes. The model has been extended to treat complete separation of material when voids coalesce and to describe the effects of elevated temperatures and melting. The capabilities of the model are illustrated by comparison with data from explosively generated spall experiments. Particular emphasis is placed on the prediction of multiple spall effects in weak, low melting point, materials such as lead. The correlation between the model predictions and observations on the strain rate dependence of spall strength is discussed. 15. A "Necklace" Model for Vesicles Simulations in 2D CERN Document Server Ismail, Mourad 2012-01-01 The aim of this paper is to propose a new numerical model to simulate 2D vesicles interacting with a newtonian fluid. The inextensible membrane is modeled by a chain of circular rigid particles which are maintained in cohesion by using two different type of forces. First, a spring force is imposed between neighboring particles in the chain. Second, in order to model the bending of the membrane, each triplet of successive particles is submitted to an angular force. Numerical simulations of vesicles in shear flow have been run using Finite Element Method and the FreeFem++[1] software. Exploring different ratios of inner and outer viscosities, we recover the well known "Tank-Treading" and "Tumbling" motions predicted by theory and experiments. Moreover, for the first time, 2D simulations of the "Vacillating-Breathing" regime predicted by theory in [2] and observed experimentally in [3] are done without special ingredient like for example thermal fluctuations used in [4]. 16. Inhomogeneous and Self-Organized Temperature in Schelling-Ising Model Science.gov (United States) Müller, Katharina; Schulze, Christian; Stauffer, Dietrich The Schelling model of 1971 is a complicated version of a square-lattice Ising model at zero temperature, to explain urban segregation, based on the neighbor preferences of the residents, without external reasons. Various versions between Ising and Schelling models give about the same results. Inhomogeneous "temperatures" T do not change the results much, while a feedback between segregation and T leads to a self-organization of an average T. 17. Universality class of the two-dimensional site-diluted Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Martins, P H L; Plascak, J A 2007-07-01 In this work, we evaluate the probability distribution function of the order parameter for the two-dimensional site-diluted Ising model. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations have been performed for different spin concentrations p (0.70universality class of the diluted Ising model seems to be independent of the amount of dilution. Logarithmic corrections of the finite-size critical temperature behavior of the model can also be inferred even for such small lattices. 18. Ising percolation in a three-state majority vote model Science.gov (United States) Balankin, Alexander S.; Martínez-Cruz, M. A.; Gayosso Martínez, Felipe; Mena, Baltasar; Tobon, Atalo; Patiño-Ortiz, Julián; Patiño-Ortiz, Miguel; Samayoa, Didier 2017-02-01 In this Letter, we introduce a three-state majority vote model in which each voter adopts a state of a majority of its active neighbors, if exist, but the voter becomes uncommitted if its active neighbors are in a tie, or all neighbors are the uncommitted. Numerical simulations were performed on square lattices of different linear size with periodic boundary conditions. Starting from a random distribution of active voters, the model leads to a stable non-consensus state in which three opinions coexist. We found that the "magnetization" of the non-consensus state and the concentration of uncommitted voters in it are governed by an initial composition of system and are independent of the lattice size. Furthermore, we found that a configuration of the stable non-consensus state undergoes a second order percolation transition at a critical concentration of voters holding the same opinion. Numerical simulations suggest that this transition belongs to the same universality class as the Ising percolation. These findings highlight the effect of an updating rule for a tie between voter neighbors on the critical behavior of models obeying the majority vote rule whenever a strict majority exists. 19. Differential geometry of the space of Ising models Science.gov (United States) Machta, Benjamin; Chachra, Ricky; Transtrum, Mark; Sethna, James 2012-02-01 We use information geometry to understand the emergence of simple effective theories, using an Ising model perturbed with terms coupling non-nearest-neighbor spins as an example. The Fisher information is a natural metric of distinguishability for a parameterized space of probability distributions, applicable to models in statistical physics. Near critical points both the metric components (four-point susceptibilities) and the scalar curvature diverge with corresponding critical exponents. However, connections to Renormalization Group (RG) ideas have remained elusive. Here, rather than looking at RG flows of parameters, we consider the reparameterization-invariant flow of the manifold itself. To do this we numerically calculate the metric in the original parameters, taking care to use only information available after coarse-graining. We show that under coarse-graining the metric contracts very anisotropically, leading to a sloppy'' spectrum with the metric's Eigenvalues spanning many orders of magnitude. Our results give a qualitative explanation for the success of simple models: most directions in parameter space become fundamentally indistinguishable after coarse-graining. 20. Modeling Dark Energy Through AN Ising Fluid with Network Interactions Science.gov (United States) Luongo, Orlando; Tommasini, Damiano 2014-12-01 We show that the dark energy (DE) effects can be modeled by using an Ising perfect fluid with network interactions, whose low redshift equation of state (EoS), i.e. ω0, becomes ω0 = -1 as in the ΛCDM model. In our picture, DE is characterized by a barotropic fluid on a lattice in the equilibrium configuration. Thus, mimicking the spin interaction by replacing the spin variable with an occupational number, the pressure naturally becomes negative. We find that the corresponding EoS mimics the effects of a variable DE term, whose limiting case reduces to the cosmological constant Λ. This permits us to avoid the introduction of a vacuum energy as DE source by hand, alleviating the coincidence and fine tuning problems. We find fairly good cosmological constraints, by performing three tests with supernovae Ia (SNeIa), baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements. Finally, we perform the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) selection criteria, showing that our model is statistically favored with respect to the Chevallier-Polarsky-Linder (CPL) parametrization. 1. Large-scale Monte Carlo simulations for the depinning transition in Ising-type lattice models Science.gov (United States) Si, Lisha; Liao, Xiaoyun; Zhou, Nengji 2016-12-01 With the developed "extended Monte Carlo" (EMC) algorithm, we have studied the depinning transition in Ising-type lattice models by extensive numerical simulations, taking the random-field Ising model with a driving field and the driven bond-diluted Ising model as examples. In comparison with the usual Monte Carlo method, the EMC algorithm exhibits greater efficiency of the simulations. Based on the short-time dynamic scaling form, both the transition field and critical exponents of the depinning transition are determined accurately via the large-scale simulations with the lattice size up to L = 8912, significantly refining the results in earlier literature. In the strong-disorder regime, a new universality class of the Ising-type lattice model is unveiled with the exponents β = 0.304(5) , ν = 1.32(3) , z = 1.12(1) , and ζ = 0.90(1) , quite different from that of the quenched Edwards-Wilkinson equation. 2. Two-Dimensional Saddle Point Equation of Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian for the Diluted Ising Model Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WU Xin-Tian 2006-01-01 @@ The saddle point equation of Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian for the diluted Ising model is developed. The ground state is solved numerically in two dimensions. The result is partly explained by the coarse-grained approximation. 3. Topological defects on the lattice: I. The Ising model Science.gov (United States) Aasen, David; Mong, Roger S. K.; Fendley, Paul 2016-09-01 In this paper and its sequel, we construct topologically invariant defects in two-dimensional classical lattice models and quantum spin chains. We show how defect lines commute with the transfer matrix/Hamiltonian when they obey the defect commutation relations, cousins of the Yang-Baxter equation. These relations and their solutions can be extended to allow defect lines to branch and fuse, again with properties depending only on topology. In this part I, we focus on the simplest example, the Ising model. We define lattice spin-flip and duality defects and their branching, and prove they are topological. One useful consequence is a simple implementation of Kramers-Wannier duality on the torus and higher genus surfaces by using the fusion of duality defects. We use these topological defects to do simple calculations that yield exact properties of the conformal field theory describing the continuum limit. For example, the shift in momentum quantization with duality-twisted boundary conditions yields the conformal spin 1/16 of the chiral spin field. Even more strikingly, we derive the modular transformation matrices explicitly and exactly. 4. Excited TBA equations I: Massive tricritical Ising model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Pearce, Paul A. E-mail: p.pearce@ms.unimelb.edu.au; Chim, Leung E-mail: leung.chim@dsto.defence.gov.au; Ahn, Changrim E-mail: ahn@dante.ewha.ac.kr 2001-05-14 We consider the massive tricritical Ising model M(4,5) perturbed by the thermal operator phi (cursive,open) Greek{sub 1,3} in a cylindrical geometry and apply integrable boundary conditions, labelled by the Kac labels (r,s), that are natural off-critical perturbations of known conformal boundary conditions. We derive massive thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations for all excitations by solving, in the continuum scaling limit, the TBA functional equation satisfied by the double-row transfer matrices of the A{sub 4} lattice model of Andrews, Baxter and Forrester (ABF) in Regime III. The complete classification of excitations, in terms of (m,n) systems, is precisely the same as at the conformal tricritical point. Our methods also apply on a torus but we first consider (r,s) boundaries on the cylinder because the classification of states is simply related to fermionic representations of single Virasoro characters {chi}{sub r,s}(q). We study the TBA equations analytically and numerically to determine the conformal UV and free particle IR spectra and the connecting massive flows. The TBA equations in Regime IV and massless RG flows are studied in Part II. 5. Direct Monte Carlo Measurement of the Surface Tension in Ising Models CERN Document Server Hasenbusch, M 1992-01-01 I present a cluster Monte Carlo algorithm that gives direct access to the interface free energy of Ising models. The basic idea is to simulate an ensemble that consists of both configurations with periodic and with antiperiodic boundary conditions. A cluster algorithm is provided that efficently updates this joint ensemble. The interface tension is obtained from the ratio of configurations with periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions, respectively. The method is tested for the 3-dimensional Ising model. 6. Polychromatic Arm Exponents for the Critical Planar FK-Ising model OpenAIRE Wu, Hao 2016-01-01 We derive the arm exponents of SLE$_{\\kappa}$for$\\kappa\\in (4,8)$and explain how to combine them with the convergence of the interface to obtain the arm exponents of critical FK-Ising model. We obtain six different patterns of boundary arm exponents and three different patterns of interior arm exponents of the critical planar FK-Ising model on the square lattice. 7. Phase transitions and relaxation dynamics of Ising models exchanging particles Science.gov (United States) Goh, Segun; Fortin, Jean-Yves; Choi, M. Y. 2017-01-01 A variety of systems in nature and in society are open and subject to exchanging their constituents with other systems (e.g., environments). For instance, in biological systems, cells collect necessary energy and material by exchange of molecules or ions. Similarly, countries, cities or research institutes evolve as their constituents move in or out. To probe the corresponding particle exchange dynamics in such systems, we consider two Ising models exchanging particles and establish a master equation describing the equilibrium phases as well as the non-equilibrium dynamics of the system. It is found that an additional stable phase emerges as a consequence of the particle exchange process. Furthermore, we formulate the Ginzburg-Landau theory which allows to probe correlation effects. Accordingly, critical slowing down is manifested and the associated dynamic exponent is computed in the linear relaxation regime. In particular, this approach is relevant for investigating the grand canonical description of the system plus environment, with particle exchange and state transitions taken into account explicitly. 8. Hysteresis of the Magnetic Particle in a Dipolar Ising Model Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WU Yin-Zhong; LI Zhen-Ya 2002-01-01 Zero-temperature Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the hysteresis of a magnetic particle ina dipolarIsing model. The magnetic particle is described in a system of permanent dipoles, and the dipoles are locatedin a cubic lattice site. The effects of the shape and the size of the particle on the hysteresis loop at zero temperatureare obtained. For strong exchange interactions, the shapes of magnetic hysteresis loops approach rectangle. For weakexchange interactions, the effects of the size and the shape of the particle on the loops are more remarkable than thoseof strong exchange interactions case. The slope of the hysteresis loop decreases with the increase of the ratio of thesemi major axis to the semi minor axis of the ellipsoidal magnetic particle, and there is an increase of the slope of thehysteresis with the decrease of the size of the magnetic particle. The effects of the shape and size of the particle on thecoercive force at zero temperature are also investigated. 9. Horns Rev II, 2D-Model Tests DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Andersen, Thomas Lykke; Frigaard, Peter This report present the results of 2D physical model tests carried out in the shallow wave flume at Dept. of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University (AAU). The objective of the tests was: To investigate the combined influence of the pile diameter to water depth ratio and the wave height to water...... on the front side of the pile (0 to 90 degrees). These tests have been conducted at Aalborg University from 9. October, 2006 to 8. November, 2006. Unless otherwise mentioned, all values given in this report are in model scale.... 10. Fracture surfaces of heterogeneous materials: A 2D solvable model Science.gov (United States) Katzav, E.; Adda-Bedia, M.; Derrida, B. 2007-05-01 Using an elastostatic description of crack growth based on the Griffith criterion and the principle of local symmetry, we present a stochastic model describing the propagation of a crack tip in a 2D heterogeneous brittle material. The model ensures the stability of straight cracks and allows for the study of the roughening of fracture surfaces. When neglecting the effect of the nonsingular stress, the problem becomes exactly solvable and yields analytic predictions for the power spectrum of the paths. This result suggests an alternative to the conventional power law analysis often used in the analysis of experimental data. 11. 2-D Electromagnetic Model of Fast-Ramping Superconducting Magnets CERN Document Server Auchmann, B; Kurz, S; Russenschuck, Stephan 2006-01-01 Fast-ramping superconducting (SC) accelerator magnets are the subject of R&D efforts by magnet designers at various laboratories. They require modifications of magnet design tools such as the ROXIE program at CERN, i.e. models of dynamic effects in superconductors need to be implemented and validated. In this paper we present the efforts towards a dynamic 2-D simulation of fast-ramping SC magnets with the ROXIE tool. Models are introduced and simulation results are compared to measurements of the GSI001 magnet of a GSI test magnet constructed and measured at BNL. 12. Monte Carlo tests of renormalization-group predictions for critical phenomena in Ising models Science.gov (United States) Binder, Kurt; Luijten, Erik 2001-04-01 A critical review is given of status and perspectives of Monte Carlo simulations that address bulk and interfacial phase transitions of ferromagnetic Ising models. First, some basic methodological aspects of these simulations are briefly summarized (single-spin flip vs. cluster algorithms, finite-size scaling concepts), and then the application of these techniques to the nearest-neighbor Ising model in d=3 and 5 dimensions is described, and a detailed comparison to theoretical predictions is made. In addition, the case of Ising models with a large but finite range of interaction and the crossover scaling from mean-field behavior to the Ising universality class are treated. If one considers instead a long-range interaction described by a power-law decay, new classes of critical behavior depending on the exponent of this power law become accessible, and a stringent test of the ε-expansion becomes possible. As a final type of crossover from mean-field type behavior to two-dimensional Ising behavior, the interface localization-delocalization transition of Ising films confined between “competing” walls is considered. This problem is still hampered by questions regarding the appropriate coarse-grained model for the fluctuating interface near a wall, which is the starting point for both this problem and the theory of critical wetting. 13. Bipartition Polynomials, the Ising Model, and Domination in Graphs Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Dod Markus 2015-05-01 Full Text Available This paper introduces a trivariate graph polynomial that is a common generalization of the domination polynomial, the Ising polynomial, the matching polynomial, and the cut polynomial of a graph. This new graph polynomial, called the bipartition polynomial, permits a variety of interesting representations, for instance as a sum ranging over all spanning forests. As a consequence, the bipartition polynomial is a powerful tool for proving properties of other graph polynomials and graph invariants. We apply this approach to show that, analogously to the Tutte polynomial, the Ising polynomial introduced by Andrén and Markström in [3], can be represented as a sum over spanning forests. 14. Brane Brick Models and 2d (0,2) Triality CERN Document Server Franco, Sebastian; Seong, Rak-Kyeong 2016-01-01 We provide a brane realization of 2d (0,2) Gadde-Gukov-Putrov triality in terms of brane brick models. These are Type IIA brane configurations that are T-dual to D1-branes over singular toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds. Triality translates into a local transformation of brane brick models, whose simplest representative is a cube move. We present explicit examples and construct their triality networks. We also argue that the classical mesonic moduli space of brane brick model theories, which corresponds to the probed Calabi-Yau 4-fold, is invariant under triality. Finally, we discuss triality in terms of phase boundaries, which play a central role in connecting Calabi-Yau 4-folds to brane brick models. 15. 2D numerical modelling of meandering channel formation Indian Academy of Sciences (India) Y Xiao; G Zhou; F S Yang 2016-03-01 A 2D depth-averaged model for hydrodynamic sediment transport and river morphological adjustment was established. The sediment transport submodel takes into account the influence of non-uniform sediment with bed surface armoring and considers the impact of secondary flow in the direction of bed-loadtransport and transverse slope of the river bed. The bank erosion submodel incorporates a simple simulation method for updating bank geometry during either degradational or aggradational bed evolution. Comparison of the results obtained by the extended model with experimental and field data, and numericalpredictions validate that the proposed model can simulate grain sorting in river bends and duplicate the characteristics of meandering river and its development. The results illustrate that by using its control factors, the improved numerical model can be applied to simulate channel evolution under differentscenarios and improve understanding of patterning processes. 16. 2-D Composite Model for Numerical Simulations of Nonlinear Waves Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 2000-01-01 － A composite model, which is the combination of Boussinesq equations and Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, has been developed for 2-D time-domain computations of nonlinear waves in a large region. The whole computational region Ω is divided into two subregions. In the near-field around a structure, Ω2, the flow is governed by 2-D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a turbulence closure model of k-ε equations and numerically solved by the improved VOF method; whereas in the subregion Ω1 (Ω1 = Ω - Ω2) the flow is governed by one-D Boussinesq equations and numerically solved with the predictor-corrector algorithm. The velocity and the wave surface elevation are matched on the common boundary of the two subregions. Numerical tests have been conducted for the case of wave propagation and interaction with a wave barrier. It is shown that the composite model can help perform efficient computation of nonlinear waves in a large region with the complicated flow fields near structures taken into account. 17. High temperature series expansions for the susceptibility of Ising model on the Kagome lattice with nearest neighber interactions Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Z Jalali mola 2011-12-01 Full Text Available The Ising model is one of the simplest models describing the interacting particles. In this work, we calculate the high temperature series expansions of zero field susceptibility of ising model with ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and one antiferromagnetic interactions on two dimensional kagome lattice. Using the Pade´ approximation, we calculate the susceptibility of critical exponent of ferromagnetic ising model γ ≈ 1.75, which is consistent with universality hypothesis. However, antiferromagnetic and one antiferromagnetic interaction ising model doesn’t show any transition at finite temperature because of the effect of magnetic frustration. 18. 2D model for melt progression through rods and debris Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Fichot, F. [IPSN/DRS, CEA Cadarache, St. Paul-lez-Durance (France) 2001-07-01 During the degradation of a nuclear core in a severe accident scenario, the high temperatures reached lead to the melting of materials. The formation of liquid mixtures at various elevations is followed by the flow of molten materials through the core. Liquid mixture may flow under several configurations: axial relocation along the rods, horizontal motion over a plane surface such as the core support plate or a blockage of material, 2D relocation through a debris bed, etc.. The two-dimensional relocation of molten material through a porous debris bed, implemented for the simulation of late degradation phases, has opened a new way to the elaboration of the relocation model for the flow of liquid mixture along the rods. It is based on a volume averaging method, where wall friction and capillary effects are taken into account by introducing effective coefficients to characterize the solid matrix (rods, grids, debris, etc.). A local description of the liquid flow is necessary to derive the effective coefficients. Heat transfers are modelled in a similar way. The derivation of the conservation equations for the liquid mixture falling flow (momentum) in two directions (axial and radial-horizontal) and for the heat exchanges (energy) are the main points of this new model for simulating melt progression. In this presentation, the full model for the relocation and solidification of liquid materials through a rod bundle or a debris bed is described. It is implemented in the ICARE/CATHARE code, developed by IPSN in Cadarache. The main improvements and advantages of the new model are: A single formulation for liquid mixture relocation, in 2D, either through a rod bundle or a porous debris bed, Extensions to complex structures (grids, by-pass, etc..), The modeling of relocation of a liquid mixture over plane surfaces. (author) 19. A stochastic model of cascades in 2D turbulence CERN Document Server Ditlevsen, Peter D 2012-01-01 The dual cascade of energy and enstrophy in 2D turbulence cannot easily be understood in terms of an analog to the Richardson-Kolmogorov scenario describing the energy cascade in 3D turbulence. The coherent up- and downscale fluxes points to non-locality of interactions in spectral space, and thus the specific spatial structure of the flow could be important. Shell models, which lack spacial structure and have only local interactions in spectral space, indeed fail in reproducing the correct scaling for the inverse cascade of energy. In order to exclude the possibility that non-locality of interactions in spectral space is crucial for the dual cascade, we introduce a stochastic spectral model of the cascades which is local in spectral space and which shows the correct scaling for both the direct enstrophy - and the inverse energy cascade. 20. 2D Quantum Transport Modeling in Nanoscale MOSFETs Science.gov (United States) Svizhenko, Alexei; Anantram, M. P.; Govindan, T. R.; Biegel, Bryan 2001-01-01 With the onset of quantum confinement in the inversion layer in nanoscale MOSFETs, behavior of the resonant level inevitably determines all device characteristics. While most classical device simulators take quantization into account in some simplified manner, the important details of electrostatics are missing. Our work addresses this shortcoming and provides: (a) a framework to quantitatively explore device physics issues such as the source-drain and gate leakage currents, DIBL, and threshold voltage shift due to quantization, and b) a means of benchmarking quantum corrections to semiclassical models (such as density- gradient and quantum-corrected MEDICI). We have developed physical approximations and computer code capable of realistically simulating 2-D nanoscale transistors, using the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method. This is the most accurate full quantum model yet applied to 2-D device simulation. Open boundary conditions, oxide tunneling and phase-breaking scattering are treated on equal footing. Electrons in the ellipsoids of the conduction band are treated within the anisotropic effective mass approximation. Quantum simulations are focused on MIT 25, 50 and 90 nm "well- tempered" MOSFETs and compared to classical and quantum corrected models. The important feature of quantum model is smaller slope of Id-Vg curve and consequently higher threshold voltage. These results are quantitatively consistent with I D Schroedinger-Poisson calculations. The effect of gate length on gate-oxide leakage and sub-threshold current has been studied. The shorter gate length device has an order of magnitude smaller current at zero gate bias than the longer gate length device without a significant trade-off in on-current. This should be a device design consideration. 1. The scaling limit of the energy correlations in non integrable Ising models CERN Document Server Giuliani, Alessandro; Mastropietro, Vieri 2012-01-01 We obtain an explicit expression for the multipoint energy correlations of a non solvable two-dimensional Ising models with nearest neighbor ferromagnetic interactions plus a weak finite range interaction of strength$\\lambda$, in a scaling limit in which we send the lattice spacing to zero and the temperature to the critical one. Our analysis is based on an exact mapping of the model into an interacting lattice fermionic theory, which generalizes the one originally used by Schultz, Mattis and Lieb for the nearest neighbor Ising model. The interacting model is then analyzed by a multiscale method first proposed by Pinson and Spencer. If the lattice spacing is finite, then the correlations cannot be computed in closed form: rather, they are expressed in terms of infinite, convergent, power series in$\\lambda$. In the scaling limit, these infinite expansions radically simplify and reduce to the limiting energy correlations of the integrable Ising model, up to a finite renormalization of the parameters. Explicit... 2. The quantum Ising model: finite sums and hyperbolic functions Science.gov (United States) Damski, Bogdan 2015-10-01 We derive exact closed-form expressions for several sums leading to hyperbolic functions and discuss their applicability for studies of finite-size Ising spin chains. We show how they immediately lead to closed-form expressions for both fidelity susceptibility characterizing the quantum critical point and the coefficients of the counterdiabatic Hamiltonian enabling arbitrarily quick adiabatic driving of the system. Our results generalize and extend the sums presented in the popular Gradshteyn and Ryzhik Table of Integrals, Series, and Products. 3. The quantum Ising model: finite sums and hyperbolic functions OpenAIRE Bogdan Damski 2015-01-01 We derive exact closed-form expressions for several sums leading to hyperbolic functions and discuss their applicability for studies of finite-size Ising spin chains. We show how they immediately lead to closed-form expressions for both fidelity susceptibility characterizing the quantum critical point and the coefficients of the counterdiabatic Hamiltonian enabling arbitrarily quick adiabatic driving of the system. Our results generalize and extend the sums presented in the popular Gradshteyn... 4. Topological Lattice Actions for the 2d XY Model CERN Document Server Bietenholz, W; Niedermayer, F; Pepe, M; Rejón-Barrera, F G; Wiese, U -J 2012-01-01 We consider the 2d XY Model with topological lattice actions, which are invariant against small deformations of the field configuration. These actions constrain the angle between neighbouring spins by an upper bound, or they explicitly suppress vortices (and anti-vortices). Although topological actions do not have a classical limit, they still lead to the universal behaviour of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition - at least up to moderate vortex suppression. Thus our study underscores the robustness of universality, which persists even when basic principles of classical physics are violated. In the massive phase, the analytically known Step Scaling Function (SSF) is reproduced in numerical simulations. In the massless phase, the BKT value of the critical exponent eta_c is confirmed. Hence, even though for some topological actions vortices cost zero energy, they still drive the standard BKT transition. In addition we identify a vortex-free transition point, which deviates from the BKT be... 5. Generalization Technique for 2D+SCALE Dhe Data Model Science.gov (United States) Karim, Hairi; Rahman, Alias Abdul; Boguslawski, Pawel 2016-10-01 Different users or applications need different scale model especially in computer application such as game visualization and GIS modelling. Some issues has been raised on fulfilling GIS requirement of retaining the details while minimizing the redundancy of the scale datasets. Previous researchers suggested and attempted to add another dimension such as scale or/and time into a 3D model, but the implementation of scale dimension faces some problems due to the limitations and availability of data structures and data models. Nowadays, various data structures and data models have been proposed to support variety of applications and dimensionality but lack research works has been conducted in terms of supporting scale dimension. Generally, the Dual Half Edge (DHE) data structure was designed to work with any perfect 3D spatial object such as buildings. In this paper, we attempt to expand the capability of the DHE data structure toward integration with scale dimension. The description of the concept and implementation of generating 3D-scale (2D spatial + scale dimension) for the DHE data structure forms the major discussion of this paper. We strongly believed some advantages such as local modification and topological element (navigation, query and semantic information) in scale dimension could be used for the future 3D-scale applications. 6. 2D scaled model of the TURBOPROP wing Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Adrian DOBRE 2011-12-01 Full Text Available The 2D Turbo Prop wing is part of the European Clean Sky JTI GRA Low Noise programme. For this, the model is equipped with interchangeable T.E. noise reducing systems.The scope of the tests in the INCAS Subsonic wind tunnel is to investigate and compare the aerodynamic and aero acoustic performances of a series of different T.E. High Lift Devices noise reducing systems of the “Turbo Prop wing configuration”. For this, the distribution of the pressure at the surface of the model should be determined. The measurement of the pressure is classically made through orifices of small size connected to a common transducer via a tubing system and a scanning device. The aerodynamic forces and moments are obtained by integration of the pressure and shear stress distributions. The wing span of the model is equal to the width of the test section.Due to the large wing span B = 2500 mm and the testing speed V = 90 m/s, the aerodynamic forces and moments occurring on the model exceed more than two times the measuring capacity of the TEM external balance of the INCAS Subsonic wind tunnel. This imposes attaching the model to supports situated outside the wind tunnel. 7. Minority-spin dynamics in the nonhomogeneous Ising model: Diverging time scales and exponents Science.gov (United States) Mullick, Pratik; Sen, Parongama 2016-05-01 We investigate the dynamical behavior of the Ising model under a zero-temperature quench with the initial fraction of up spins 0 ≤x ≤1 . In one dimension, the known results for persistence probability are verified; it shows algebraic decay for both up and down spins asymptotically with different exponents. It is found that the conventional finite-size scaling is valid here. In two dimensions, however, the persistence probabilities are no longer algebraic; in particular for x ≤0.5 , persistence for the up (minority) spins shows the behavior Pmin(t ) ˜t-γexp[-(t/τ ) δ] with time t , while for the down (majority) spins, Pmaj(t ) approaches a finite value. We find that the timescale τ diverges as (xc-x ) -λ, where xc=0.5 and λ ≃2.31 . The exponent γ varies as θ2 d+c0(xc-x ) β where θ2 d≃0.215 is very close to the persistence exponent in two dimensions; β ≃1 . The results in two dimensions can be understood qualitatively by studying the exit probability, which for different system size is found to have the form E (x ) =f [(x/-xc xc) L1 /ν] , with ν ≈1.47 . This result suggests that τ ˜Lz ˜ , where z ˜=λ/ν =1.57 ±0.11 is an exponent not explored earlier. 8. 2-D Chemical-Dynamical Modeling of Venus's Sulfur Variability Science.gov (United States) Bierson, Carver J.; Zhang, Xi 2016-10-01 Over the last decade a combination of ground based and Venus Express observations have been made of the concentration of sulfur species in Venus's atmosphere, both above [1, 2] and below the clouds [3, 4]. These observations put constraints on both the vertical and meridional variations of the major sulfur species in Venus's atmosphere.. It has also been observed that SO2 concentrations varies on both timescales of hours and years [1,4]. The spatial and temporal distribution of tracer species is owing to two possibilities: mutual chemical interaction and dynamical tracer transport.Previous Chemical modeling of Venus's middle atmosphere has only been explored in 1-D. We will present the first 2-D (altitude and latitude) chemical-dynamical model for Venus's middle atmosphere. The sulfur chemistry is based on of the 1D model of Zhang et al. 2012 [5]. We do model runs over multiple Venus decades testing two scenarios: first one with varying sulfur fluxes from below, and second with secular dynamical perturbations in the atmosphere [6]. By comparing to Venus Express and ground based observations, we put constraints on the dynamics of Venus's middle atmosphere.References: [1] Belyaev et al. Icarus 2012 [2] Marcq et al. Nature geoscience, 2013 [3] Marcq et al. JGR:Planets, 2008 [4] Arney et al. JGR:Planets, 2014 [5] Zhang et al. Icarus 2012 [6] Parish et al. Icarus 2012 9. Multipartite Entanglement in a One-Dimensional Time Dependent Ising Model CERN Document Server Lakshminarayan, A; Lakshminarayan, Arul 2004-01-01 We study multipartite entanglement measures for a one-dimensional Ising chain that is capable of showing both integrable and nonintegrable behaviour. This model includes the kicked transverse Ising model, which we solve exactly using the Jordan-Wigner transform, as well as nonintegrable and mixing regimes. The cluster states arise as a special case and we show that while one measure of entanglement is large, another measure can be exponentially small, while symmetrizing these states with respect to up and down spins, produces those with large entanglement content uniformly. We also calculate exactly some entanglement measures for the nontrivial but integrable case of the kicked transverse Ising model. In the nonintegrable case we begin on extensive numerical studies that shows that large multipartite entanglement is accompanied by diminishing two-body correlations, and that time averaged multipartite entanglement measures can be enhanced in nonintegrable systems. 10. GPU-based single-cluster algorithm for the simulation of the Ising model Science.gov (United States) Komura, Yukihiro; Okabe, Yutaka 2012-02-01 We present the GPU calculation with the common unified device architecture (CUDA) for the Wolff single-cluster algorithm of the Ising model. Proposing an algorithm for a quasi-block synchronization, we realize the Wolff single-cluster Monte Carlo simulation with CUDA. We perform parallel computations for the newly added spins in the growing cluster. As a result, the GPU calculation speed for the two-dimensional Ising model at the critical temperature with the linear size L = 4096 is 5.60 times as fast as the calculation speed on a current CPU core. For the three-dimensional Ising model with the linear size L = 256, the GPU calculation speed is 7.90 times as fast as the CPU calculation speed. The idea of quasi-block synchronization can be used not only in the cluster algorithm but also in many fields where the synchronization of all threads is required. 11. GPU-based single-cluster algorithm for the simulation of the Ising model CERN Document Server Komura, Yukihiro 2011-01-01 We present the GPU calculation with the common unified device architecture (CUDA) for the Wolff single-cluster algorithm of the Ising model. Proposing an algorithm for a quasi-block synchronization, we realize the Wolff single-cluster Monte Carlo simulation with CUDA. We perform parallel computations for the newly added spins in the growing cluster. As a result, the GPU calculation speed for the two-dimensional Ising model at the critical temperature with the linear size L=4096 is 5.60 times as fast as the calculation speed on a current CPU core. For the three-dimensional Ising model with the linear size L=256, the GPU calculation speed is 7.90 times as fast as the CPU calculation speed. The idea of quasi-block synchronization can be used not only in the cluster algorithm but also in many fields where the synchronization of all threads is required. 12. 2-D Model for Normal and Sickle Cell Blood Microcirculation Science.gov (United States) Tekleab, Yonatan; Harris, Wesley 2011-11-01 Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that alters the red blood cell (RBC) structure and function such that hemoglobin (Hb) cannot effectively bind and release oxygen. Previous computational models have been designed to study the microcirculation for insight into blood disorders such as SCD. Our novel 2-D computational model represents a fast, time efficient method developed to analyze flow dynamics, O2 diffusion, and cell deformation in the microcirculation. The model uses a finite difference, Crank-Nicholson scheme to compute the flow and O2 concentration, and the level set computational method to advect the RBC membrane on a staggered grid. Several sets of initial and boundary conditions were tested. Simulation data indicate a few parameters to be significant in the perturbation of the blood flow and O2 concentration profiles. Specifically, the Hill coefficient, arterial O2 partial pressure, O2 partial pressure at 50% Hb saturation, and cell membrane stiffness are significant factors. Results were found to be consistent with those of Le Floch [2010] and Secomb [2006]. 13. Mathematical structure of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Zhang Zhi-Dong 2013-01-01 An overview of the mathematical structure of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model is given from the points of view of topology,algebra,and geometry.By analyzing the relationships among transfer matrices of the 3D Ising model,Reidemeister moves in the knot theory,Yang-Baxter and tetrahedron equations,the following facts are illustrated for the 3D Ising model.1) The complex quaternion basis constructed for the 3D Ising model naturally represents the rotation in a (3+1)-dimensional space-time as a relativistic quantum statistical mechanics model,which is consistent with the 4-fold integrand of the partition function obtained by taking the time average.2) A unitary transformation with a matrix that is a spin representation in 2n·l·o-space corresponds to a rotation in 2n· l· o-space,which serves to smooth all the crossings in the transfer matrices and contributes the non-trivial topological part of the partition function of the 3D Ising model.3)A tetrahedron relationship would ensure the commutativity of the transfer matrices and the integrability of the 3D Ising model,and its existence is guaranteed by the Jordan algebra and the Jordan-von Neumann-Wigner procedures.4) The unitary transformation for smoothing the crossings in the transfer matrices changes the wave functions by complex phases Φx,Φy,and Φz.The relationship with quantum field and gauge theories and the physical significance of the weight factors are discussed in detail.The conjectured exact solution is compared with numerical results,and the singularities at/near infinite temperature are inspected.The analyticity in β =1/(kBT) of both the hard-core and the Ising models has been proved only forβ ＞ 0,not for β =0.Thus the high-temperature series cannot serve as a standard for judging a putative exact solution of the 3D Ising model. 14. Physics and financial economics (1776-2014): puzzles, Ising and agent-based models. Science.gov (United States) Sornette, Didier 2014-06-01 This short review presents a selected history of the mutual fertilization between physics and economics--from Isaac Newton and Adam Smith to the present. The fundamentally different perspectives embraced in theories developed in financial economics compared with physics are dissected with the examples of the volatility smile and of the excess volatility puzzle. The role of the Ising model of phase transitions to model social and financial systems is reviewed, with the concepts of random utilities and the logit model as the analog of the Boltzmann factor in statistical physics. Recent extensions in terms of quantum decision theory are also covered. A wealth of models are discussed briefly that build on the Ising model and generalize it to account for the many stylized facts of financial markets. A summary of the relevance of the Ising model and its extensions is provided to account for financial bubbles and crashes. The review would be incomplete if it did not cover the dynamical field of agent-based models (ABMs), also known as computational economic models, of which the Ising-type models are just special ABM implementations. We formulate the 'Emerging Intelligence Market Hypothesis' to reconcile the pervasive presence of 'noise traders' with the near efficiency of financial markets. Finally, we note that evolutionary biology, more than physics, is now playing a growing role to inspire models of financial markets. 15. Physics and financial economics (1776-2014): puzzles, Ising and agent-based models Science.gov (United States) Sornette, Didier 2014-06-01 This short review presents a selected history of the mutual fertilization between physics and economics—from Isaac Newton and Adam Smith to the present. The fundamentally different perspectives embraced in theories developed in financial economics compared with physics are dissected with the examples of the volatility smile and of the excess volatility puzzle. The role of the Ising model of phase transitions to model social and financial systems is reviewed, with the concepts of random utilities and the logit model as the analog of the Boltzmann factor in statistical physics. Recent extensions in terms of quantum decision theory are also covered. A wealth of models are discussed briefly that build on the Ising model and generalize it to account for the many stylized facts of financial markets. A summary of the relevance of the Ising model and its extensions is provided to account for financial bubbles and crashes. The review would be incomplete if it did not cover the dynamical field of agent-based models (ABMs), also known as computational economic models, of which the Ising-type models are just special ABM implementations. We formulate the ‘Emerging Intelligence Market Hypothesis’ to reconcile the pervasive presence of ‘noise traders’ with the near efficiency of financial markets. Finally, we note that evolutionary biology, more than physics, is now playing a growing role to inspire models of financial markets. 16. Self-Organizing Two-Temperature Ising Model Describing Human Segregation Science.gov (United States) Ódor, Géza A two-temperature Ising-Schelling model is introduced and studied for describing human segregation. The self-organized Ising model with Glauber kinetics simulated by Müller et al. exhibits a phase transition between segregated and mixed phases mimicking the change of tolerance (local temperature) of individuals. The effect of external noise is considered here as a second temperature added to the decision of individuals who consider a change of accommodation. A numerical evidence is presented for a discontinuous phase transition of the magnetization. 17. Gauge model with Ising vacancies: Multicritical behavior of self-avoiding surfaces Science.gov (United States) Maritan, A.; Seno, F.; Stella, A. L. 1991-08-01 A openZ2 gauge model with n-component-vector degrees of freedom on a dodecahedral lattice is coupled to an Ising system on the dual lattice. The statistics of interacting self-avoiding surfaces (SAS) is obtained in the n-->0 limit. At the percolative critical point an exact identification of the SAS critical behavior with that of Ising cluster hulls holds. This condition corresponds to a multicritical point for SAS, in universality class different from that of branched polymers. The model allows application of standard statistical methods to SAS. A mean-field calculation gives a phase diagram remarkably consistent with the above results. 18. Empirical relations between static and dynamic exponents for Ising model cluster algorithms Science.gov (United States) Coddington, Paul D.; Baillie, Clive F. 1992-02-01 We have measured the autocorrelations for the Swendsen-Wang and the Wolff cluster update algorithms for the Ising model in two, three, and four dimensions. The data for the Wolff algorithm suggest that the autocorrelations are linearly related to the specific heat, in which case the dynamic critical exponent is zint,EW=α/ν. For the Swendsen-Wang algorithm, scaling the autocorrelations by the average maximum cluster size gives either a constant or a logarithm, which implies that zint,ESW=β/ν for the Ising model. 19. Empirical relations between static and dynamic exponents for Ising model cluster algorithms Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Coddington, P.D. (Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244 (United States)); Baillie, C.F. (Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 (United States)) 1992-02-17 We have measured the autocorrelations for the Swendsen-Wang and the Wolff cluster update algorithms for the Ising model in two, three, and four dimensions. The data for the Wolff algorithm suggest that the autocorrelations are linearly related to the specific heat, in which case the dynamic critical exponent is {ital z}{sub int,}{ital E}{sup W}={alpha}/{nu}. For the Swendsen-Wang algorithm, scaling the autocorrelations by the average maximum cluster size gives either a constant or a logarithm, which implies that {ital z}{sub int,}{ital E}{sup SW}={beta}/{nu} for the Ising model. 20. Overlap distribution of the three-dimensional Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Berg, Bernd A; Billoire, Alain; Janke, Wolfhard 2002-10-01 We study the Parisi overlap probability density P(L)(q) for the three-dimensional Ising ferromagnet by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. At the critical point, P(L)(q) is peaked around q=0 in contrast with the double peaked magnetic probability density. We give particular attention to the tails of the overlap distribution at the critical point, which we control over up to 500 orders of magnitude by using the multioverlap MC algorithm. Below the critical temperature, interface tension estimates from the overlap probability density are given and their approach to the infinite volume limit appears to be smoother than for estimates from the magnetization. 1. Boundary States and Correlation Functions of Tricritical Ising Model from Coulomb-Gas Formalism Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Smain Balaska; Toufik Sahabi 2009-01-01 We consider the minimal conformal model describing the tricritical Ising model on the disk and on the upper half plane. Using the coulomb-gas formalism we determine its consistents boundary states as well as its one-point and two-point correlation functions. 2. VAM2D: Variably saturated analysis model in two dimensions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Huyakorn, P.S.; Kool, J.B.; Wu, Y.S. (HydroGeoLogic, Inc., Herndon, VA (United States)) 1991-10-01 This report documents a two-dimensional finite element model, VAM2D, developed to simulate water flow and solute transport in variably saturated porous media. Both flow and transport simulation can be handled concurrently or sequentially. The formulation of the governing equations and the numerical procedures used in the code are presented. The flow equation is approximated using the Galerkin finite element method. Nonlinear soil moisture characteristics and atmospheric boundary conditions (e.g., infiltration, evaporation and seepage face), are treated using Picard and Newton-Raphson iterations. Hysteresis effects and anisotropy in the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity can be taken into account if needed. The contaminant transport simulation can account for advection, hydrodynamic dispersion, linear equilibrium sorption, and first-order degradation. Transport of a single component or a multi-component decay chain can be handled. The transport equation is approximated using an upstream weighted residual method. Several test problems are presented to verify the code and demonstrate its utility. These problems range from simple one-dimensional to complex two-dimensional and axisymmetric problems. This document has been produced as a user's manual. It contains detailed information on the code structure along with instructions for input data preparation and sample input and printed output for selected test problems. Also included are instructions for job set up and restarting procedures. 44 refs., 54 figs., 24 tabs. 3. Degenerate Ising model for atomistic simulation of crystal-melt interfaces Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Schebarchov, D., E-mail: Dmitri.Schebarchov@gmail.com [University Chemical Laboratories, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (United Kingdom); Schulze, T. P., E-mail: schulze@math.utk.edu [Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1300 (United States); Hendy, S. C. [The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140 (New Zealand); Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010 (New Zealand) 2014-02-21 One of the simplest microscopic models for a thermally driven first-order phase transition is an Ising-type lattice system with nearest-neighbour interactions, an external field, and a degeneracy parameter. The underlying lattice and the interaction coupling constant control the anisotropic energy of the phase boundary, the field strength represents the bulk latent heat, and the degeneracy quantifies the difference in communal entropy between the two phases. We simulate the (stochastic) evolution of this minimal model by applying rejection-free canonical and microcanonical Monte Carlo algorithms, and we obtain caloric curves and heat capacity plots for square (2D) and face-centred cubic (3D) lattices with periodic boundary conditions. Since the model admits precise adjustment of bulk latent heat and communal entropy, neither of which affect the interface properties, we are able to tune the crystal nucleation barriers at a fixed degree of undercooling and verify a dimension-dependent scaling expected from classical nucleation theory. We also analyse the equilibrium crystal-melt coexistence in the microcanonical ensemble, where we detect negative heat capacities and find that this phenomenon is more pronounced when the interface is the dominant contributor to the total entropy. The negative branch of the heat capacity appears smooth only when the equilibrium interface-area-to-volume ratio is not constant but varies smoothly with the excitation energy. Finally, we simulate microcanonical crystal nucleation and subsequent relaxation to an equilibrium Wulff shape, demonstrating the model's utility in tracking crystal-melt interfaces at the atomistic level. 4. Degenerate Ising model for atomistic simulation of crystal-melt interfaces Science.gov (United States) Schebarchov, D.; Schulze, T. P.; Hendy, S. C. 2014-02-01 One of the simplest microscopic models for a thermally driven first-order phase transition is an Ising-type lattice system with nearest-neighbour interactions, an external field, and a degeneracy parameter. The underlying lattice and the interaction coupling constant control the anisotropic energy of the phase boundary, the field strength represents the bulk latent heat, and the degeneracy quantifies the difference in communal entropy between the two phases. We simulate the (stochastic) evolution of this minimal model by applying rejection-free canonical and microcanonical Monte Carlo algorithms, and we obtain caloric curves and heat capacity plots for square (2D) and face-centred cubic (3D) lattices with periodic boundary conditions. Since the model admits precise adjustment of bulk latent heat and communal entropy, neither of which affect the interface properties, we are able to tune the crystal nucleation barriers at a fixed degree of undercooling and verify a dimension-dependent scaling expected from classical nucleation theory. We also analyse the equilibrium crystal-melt coexistence in the microcanonical ensemble, where we detect negative heat capacities and find that this phenomenon is more pronounced when the interface is the dominant contributor to the total entropy. The negative branch of the heat capacity appears smooth only when the equilibrium interface-area-to-volume ratio is not constant but varies smoothly with the excitation energy. Finally, we simulate microcanonical crystal nucleation and subsequent relaxation to an equilibrium Wulff shape, demonstrating the model's utility in tracking crystal-melt interfaces at the atomistic level. 5. Sublattice magnetizations in non-zero magnetic field in an antiferromagnetic infinite-range Ising model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Ayuela, A. [Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.O. Box 1072, 20018 San Sebastian/Donostia (Spain)]. E-mail: swxayfea@sw.ehu.es; Klein, D.J. [Department of Marine Science, Texas A and M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553 (United States); March, N.H. [Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.O. Box 1072, 20018 San Sebastian/Donostia (Spain) and Oxford University, Oxford (United Kingdom)]. E-mail: arubio@sc.ehu.es 2007-03-12 The critical line of an Ising antiferromagnet (AF) with short-range exchange interactions has been discussed fairly recently by Wang and Kim. Their results may prove appropriate to some insulating AFs. Here, because of possible relevance to metallic AFs such as FeNiCr alloys, we study the Ising model in the opposite limit in which the exchange interactions become infinite range. In particular, we present numerical results for the sublattice magnetizations m{sub A} and m{sub B} as a function of the temperature and applied field. Then, using the so-called smoothness postulate, the critical line of an AF with infinite-range interactions is obtained. 6. Information cascade, Kirman's ant colony model, and kinetic Ising model CERN Document Server Hisakado, Masato 2014-01-01 In this paper, we discuss a voting model in which voters can obtain information from a finite number of previous voters. There exist three groups of voters: (i) digital herders and independent voters, (ii) analog herders and independent voters, and (iii) tanh-type herders. In our previous paper, we used the mean field approximation for case (i). In that study, if the reference number r is above three, phase transition occurs and the solution converges to one of the equilibria. In contrast, in the current study, the solution oscillates between the two equilibria, that is, good and bad equilibria. In this paper, we show that there is no phase transition when r is finite. If the annealing schedule is adequately slow from finite r to infinite r, the voting rate converges only to the good equilibrium. In case (ii), the state of reference votes is equivalent to that of Kirman's ant colony model, and it follows beta binomial distribution. In case (iii), we show that the model is equivalent to the finite-size kinetic... 7. Cluster-algorithm renormalization-group study of universal fluctuations in the two-dimensional Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Palma, G; Zambrano, D 2008-12-01 In this paper we propose a method to study critical systems numerically, which combines collective-mode algorithms and renormalization group on the lattice. This method is an improved version of the Monte Carlo renormalization group in the sense that it has all the advantages of cluster algorithms. As an application we considered the 2D Ising model and studied whether scale invariance or universality are possible underlying mechanisms responsible for the approximate "universal fluctuations" close to a so-called bulk temperature T(L) . "Universal fluctuations" were first proposed in the work of Bramwell, Holdsworth, and Pinton [Nature (London) 396, 552 (1998)] and stated that the probability density function of a global quantity for very dissimilar systems, such as a confined turbulent flow and a two-dimensional (2D) magnetic system, properly normalized to the first two moments, becomes similar to the "universal distribution," originally obtained for magnetization in the 2D XY model in the low-temperature region. The results for the critical exponents and the renormalization-group flow of the probability density function are very accurate and show no evidence to support that the approximate common shape of the PDF should be related to both scale invariance or universal behavior. 8. Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Ising Models by Means of PCA Science.gov (United States) Lancia, Carlo; Scoppola, Benedetto 2013-11-01 We propose a unified approach to reversible and irreversible pca dynamics, and we show that in the case of 1D and 2D nearest neighbor Ising systems with periodic boundary conditions we are able to compute the stationary measure of the dynamics also when the latter is irreversible. We also show how, according to (P. Dai Pra et al. in J. Stat. Phys. 149(4):722-737, 2012), the stationary measure is very close to the Gibbs for a suitable choice of the parameters of the pca dynamics, both in the reversible and in the irreversible cases. We discuss some numerical aspects regarding this topic, including a possible parallel implementation. 9. q-Ising model on a duplex and a partially duplex clique CERN Document Server Chmiel, Anna; Sznajd-Weron, Katarzyna 2016-01-01 We analyze a modified kinetic Ising model, so called$q$- neighbor Ising model, with Metropolis dynamics,[Phys. Rev. E {\\bf92} 052105] on a duplex clique and a partially duplex clique. In the$q$-Ising model each spin interacts only with$q$spins randomly chosen from the whole neighborhood. In the case of a duplex clique the change of a spin is allowed only if both levels simultaneously induce this change. Due to the mean-field like nature of the model we are able to derive the analytic form of transition probabilities and solve the corresponding master equation. The existence of the second level changes dramatically the character of the phase transition. In the case of the monoplex clique, the$q$-neighbor Ising model exhibits continuous phase transition for$q=3$, discontinuous phase transition for$q \\ge 4$and for$q=1$and$q=2$the phase transition is not observed. On the other hand, in the case of the duplex clique continuous phase transitions are observed for all values of$q$, even for$q=1$and$q=...

10. Modeling of the financial market using the two-dimensional anisotropic Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Lima, L. S.

2017-09-01

We have used the two-dimensional classical anisotropic Ising model in an external field and with an ion single anisotropy term as a mathematical model for the price dynamics of the financial market. The model presented allows us to test within the same framework the comparative explanatory power of rational agents versus irrational agents with respect to the facts of financial markets. We have obtained the mean price in terms of the strong of the site anisotropy term Δ which reinforces the sensitivity of the agent's sentiment to external news.

11. Bootstrapping Mixed Correlators in the 3D Ising Model

CERN Document Server

Kos, Filip; Simmons-Duffin, David

2014-01-01

We study the conformal bootstrap for systems of correlators involving non-identical operators. The constraints of crossing symmetry and unitarity for such mixed correlators can be phrased in the language of semidefinite programming. We apply this formalism to the simplest system of mixed correlators in 3D CFTs with a $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ global symmetry. For the leading $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-odd operator $\\sigma$ and $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-even operator $\\epsilon$, we obtain numerical constraints on the allowed dimensions $(\\Delta_\\sigma, \\Delta_\\epsilon)$ assuming that $\\sigma$ and $\\epsilon$ are the only relevant scalars in the theory. These constraints yield a small closed region in $(\\Delta_\\sigma, \\Delta_\\epsilon)$ space compatible with the known values in the 3D Ising CFT.

12. Interfaces in driven Ising models: shear enhances confinement.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Thomas H R; Vasilyev, Oleg; Abraham, Douglas B; Maciołek, Anna; Schmidt, Matthias

2008-08-08

We use a phase-separated driven two-dimensional Ising lattice gas to study fluid interfaces exposed to shear flow parallel to the interface. The interface is stabilized by two parallel walls with opposing surface fields, and a driving field parallel to the walls is applied which (i) either acts locally at the walls or (ii) varies linearly with distance across the strip. Using computer simulations with Kawasaki dynamics, we find that the system reaches a steady state in which the magnetization profile is the same as that in equilibrium, but with a rescaled length implying a reduction of the interfacial width. An analogous effect was recently observed in sheared phase-separated colloidal dispersions. Pair correlation functions along the interface decay more rapidly with distance under drive than in equilibrium and for cases of weak drive, can be rescaled to the equilibrium result.

13. Small-world phenomena in physics: the Ising model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gitterman, M. [Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan (Israel)

2000-12-01

The Ising system with a small fraction of random long-range interactions is the simplest example of small-world phenomena in physics. Considering the latter both in an annealed and in a quenched state we conclude that: (a) the existence of random long-range interactions leads to a phase transition in the one-dimensional case and (b) there is a minimal average number p of these interactions per site (p<1 in the annealed state, and p{approx_equal}1 in the quenched state) needed for the appearance of the phase transition. Note that the average number of these bonds, pN/2, is much smaller than the total number of bonds, N{sup 2}/2. (author)

14. 2D-model of oxygen emissions lines for Europa

Science.gov (United States)

Cessateur, Gaël; Barthelemy, Mathieu; Lilensten, Jean; Rubin, Martin; Maggiolo, Romain; De Keyser, Johan

2017-04-01

The Jovian moon Europa is an interesting case study as an archetype for icy satellites, and will be one of the primary targets of the ESA JUICE mission which should be launched in 2022. Hosting a thin neutral gas atmosphere mainly composed of O2 and H2O, Europa can be studied by its airglow and dayglow emissions. A 1D photochemistry model has first been developed to assess the impact of the solar UV flux on the visible emission, such as the red and green oxygen lines (Cessateur et al. 2016). For limb polar viewing, red line emissions can reach a few hundreds of Rayleigh close to the surface. The impact of the precipitating electrons has also been studied. The density and temperature of the electrons are first derived from the multifluid MHD model from Rubin et al. (2015). A 2D emission model has thus been developed to estimate the airglow emissions. When electrons are the major source of the visible emissions, the solar UV flux can be responsible for up to 15% of those emissions for some specific line of sight. Oxygen emission lines in the UV have also been considered, such as 130.5 and 135.6 nm. For the latter, we did estimate some significant line emissions reaching 700 Rayleigh for a polar limb viewing angle close to the surface. Oxygen emission lines are significant (higher than 10 R) for altitudes lower than 100 km for all lines, except for the red line emissions where emissions are still above 10 R up to 200 km from the surface. A sensitivity study has also been performed in order to assess the impact of the uncertainties relative to the dissociative-excitation cross sections. Cessateur G, Barthelemy M & Peinke I. Photochemistry-emission coupled model for Europa and Ganymede. J. Space Weather Space Clim., 6, A17, 2016 Rubin, M., et al. Self-consistent multifluid MHD simulations of Europa's exospheric interaction with Jupiter's magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 120, 3503-3524, 2015

15. Effect of Bond-Diluted on Spin-3/2 Transverse Ising Model with Crystal Field

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

JIANG Wei; LU Zhan-Hong; WEI Guo-Zhu; DU An

2002-01-01

The magnetic properties of the bond-diluted spin-3/2 transverse Ising model with the presence of a crystalfield on the honeycomb lattice are studied within the framework of the effective field theory with correlations. Theinteractions Jij are assumed to be independent random variables with distribution P(Jij) ＝ pδ(Jij - J) + (1 - P)δ(Jij).

16. CRITICAL BEHAVIOR OF S-3／2 ISING MODEL IN RANDOM LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE FIELDS

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

宋为基

1995-01-01

The phase diagrams and the other crtical properties of S-3/2 Ising model in random longitudinal and transverse fields(RLIM) are dicussed with the approximate scheme combined by mean-field renormalization group theory(MFRG) and the discretized path-integral representation(DPIR).

17. Lifshitz-Allen-Cahn domain-growth kinetics of Ising models with conserved density

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fogedby, Hans C.; Mouritsen, Ole G.

1988-01-01

The domain-growth kinetics of p=fourfold degenerate (2×1) ordering in two-dimensional Ising models with conserved density is studied as a function of temperature and range of Kawasaki spin exchange. It is found by computer simulations that the zero-temperature freezing-in behavior for nearest...

18. Critical Dynamics Behavior of the Wolff Algorithm in the Site-Bond-Correlated Ising Model

Science.gov (United States)

Campos, P. R. A.; Onody, R. N.

Here we apply the Wolff single-cluster algorithm to the site-bond-correlated Ising model and study its critical dynamical behavior. We have verified that the autocorrelation time diminishes in the presence of dilution and correlation, showing that the Wolff algorithm performs even better in such situations. The critical dynamical exponents are also estimated.

19. Red-bond exponents of the critical and the tricritical Ising model in three dimensions

Science.gov (United States)

Deng, Youjin; Blöte, Henk W. J.

2004-11-01

Using the Wolff and geometric cluster algorithms and finite-size scaling analysis, we investigate the critical Ising and the tricritical Blume-Capel models with nearest-neighbor interactions on the simple-cubic lattice. The sampling procedure involves the decomposition of the Ising configuration into geometric clusters, each of which consists of a set of nearest-neighboring spins of the same sign connected with bond probability p . These clusters include the well-known Kasteleyn-Fortuin clusters as a special case for p=1-exp(-2K) , where K is the Ising spin-spin coupling. Along the critical line K=Kc , the size distribution of geometric clusters is investigated as a function of p . We observe that, unlike in the case of two-dimensional tricriticality, the percolation threshold in both models lies at pc=1-exp(-2Kc) . Further, we determine the corresponding red-bond exponents as yr=0.757(2) and 0.501(5) for the critical Ising and the tricritical Blume-Capel models, respectively. On this basis, we conjecture yr=1/2 for the latter model.

20. Finite-size scaling of interface free energies in the 3d Ising model

CERN Document Server

Pepé, M; Forcrand, Ph. de

2002-01-01

We perform a study of the universality of the finite size scaling functions of interface free energies in the 3d Ising model. Close to the hot/cold phase transition, we observe very good agreement with the same scaling functions of the 4d SU(2) Yang--Mills theory at the deconfinement phase transition.

1. A Manifold of Pure Gibbs States of the Ising Model on the Lobachevsky Plane

Science.gov (United States)

Gandolfo, Daniel; Ruiz, Jean; Shlosman, Senya

2015-02-01

In this paper we construct many new' Gibbs states of the Ising model on the Lobachevsky plane, the millefeuilles. Unlike the usual states on the integer lattices, our foliated states have infinitely many interfaces. The interfaces are rigid and fill the Lobachevsky plane with positive density. We also construct analogous states on the Cayley trees.

2. Finite-size scaling of interface free energies in the 3d Ising model

OpenAIRE

Pepe, M.; de Forcrand, Ph.

2001-01-01

We perform a study of the universality of the finite size scaling functions of interface free energies in the 3d Ising model. Close to the hot/cold phase transition, we observe very good agreement with the same scaling functions of the 4d SU(2) Yang--Mills theory at the deconfinement phase transition.

3. Condensation of handles in the interface of 3D Ising model

OpenAIRE

Caselle, M.; Gliozzi, F.; Vinti, S.

1993-01-01

We analyze the microscopic, topological structure of the interface between domains of opposite magnetization in 3D Ising model near the critical point. This interface exhibits a fractal behaviour with a high density of handles. The mean area is an almost linear function of the genus. The entropy exponent is affected by strong finite-size effects.

4. Nonequilibrium critical dynamics of two dimensional interacting monomer-dimer model: non-Ising criticality

Science.gov (United States)

Nam, Keekwon; Kim, Bongsoo; Jong Lee, Sung

2014-08-01

We investigate the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics of an interacting monomer-dimer model with nearest neighbor repulsion on a square lattice, which possesses two symmetric absorbing states. The model is known to exhibit two nearby continuous transitions: the Z2 symmetry-breaking order-disorder transition and the absorbing transition with directed percolation criticality. We performed a more detailed analysis of our extensive simulations on bigger lattice systems which reaffirms that the symmetry-breaking transition exhibits a non-Ising critical behavior with β ≃ 0.149(2) and η ≃ 0.30(1) that are distinct from those values of a pure two dimensional Ising model. Finite size scaling of dimer density near the symmetry breaking transition gives logarithmic scaling (α = 0.0) which is consistent with the hyperscaling relation but the corresponding exponent of νB ≃ 1.37(2) exhibits a conspicuous deviation from the pure Ising value of 1. The value of dynamic critical exponent z, however, is found to be close to that of the kinetic Ising model as 1/z ≃ 0.466(5) from the relaxation of staggered magnetization (and also similar but slightly smaller values from coarsening).

5. Surprising convergence of the Monte Carlo renormalization group for the three-dimensional Ising model.

Science.gov (United States)

Ron, Dorit; Brandt, Achi; Swendsen, Robert H

2017-05-01

We present a surprisingly simple approach to high-accuracy calculations of the critical properties of the three-dimensional Ising model. The method uses a modified block-spin transformation with a tunable parameter to improve convergence in the Monte Carlo renormalization group. The block-spin parameter must be tuned differently for different exponents to produce optimal convergence.

6. A 2D simulation model for urban flood management

Science.gov (United States)

Price, Roland; van der Wielen, Jonathan; Velickov, Slavco; Galvao, Diogo

2014-05-01

The European Floods Directive, which came into force on 26 November 2007, requires member states to assess all their water courses and coast lines for risk of flooding, to map flood extents and assets and humans at risk, and to take adequate and coordinated measures to reduce the flood risk in consultation with the public. Flood Risk Management Plans are to be in place by 2015. There are a number of reasons for the promotion of this Directive, not least because there has been much urban and other infrastructural development in flood plains, which puts many at risk of flooding along with vital societal assets. In addition there is growing awareness that the changing climate appears to be inducing more frequent extremes of rainfall with a consequent increases in the frequency of flooding. Thirdly, the growing urban populations in Europe, and especially in the developing countries, means that more people are being put at risk from a greater frequency of urban flooding in particular. There are urgent needs therefore to assess flood risk accurately and consistently, to reduce this risk where it is important to do so or where the benefit is greater than the damage cost, to improve flood forecasting and warning, to provide where necessary (and possible) flood insurance cover, and to involve all stakeholders in decision making affecting flood protection and flood risk management plans. Key data for assessing risk are water levels achieved or forecasted during a flood. Such levels should of course be monitored, but they also need to be predicted, whether for design or simulation. A 2D simulation model (PriceXD) solving the shallow water wave equations is presented specifically for determining flood risk, assessing flood defense schemes and generating flood forecasts and warnings. The simulation model is required to have a number of important properties: -Solve the full shallow water wave equations using a range of possible solutions; -Automatically adjust the time step and

7. Solution of the antiferromagnetic Ising model on a tetrahedron recursive lattice.

Science.gov (United States)

Jurčišinová, E; Jurčišin, M

2014-03-01

We consider the antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Ising model on the recursive tetrahedron lattice on which two elementary tetrahedrons are connected at each site. The model represents the simplest approximation of the antiferromagnetic Ising model on the real three-dimensional tetrahedron lattice which takes into account effects of frustration. An exact analytical solution of the model is found and discussed. It is shown that the model exhibits neither the first-order nor the second-order phase transitions. A detailed analysis of the magnetization of the model in the presence of the external magnetic field is performed and the existence of the magnetization plateaus for low temperatures is shown. All possible ground states of the model are found and discussed. The existence of nontrivial singular ground states is proven and exact explicit expressions for them are found.

8. A model project for reproducible papers: critical temperature for the Ising model on a square lattice

CERN Document Server

Dolfi, M; Hehn, A; Imriška, J; Pakrouski, K; Rønnow, T F; Troyer, M; Zintchenko, I; Chirigati, F; Freire, J; Shasha, D

2014-01-01

In this paper we present a simple, yet typical simulation in statistical physics, consisting of large scale Monte Carlo simulations followed by an involved statistical analysis of the results. The purpose is to provide an example publication to explore tools for writing reproducible papers. The simulation estimates the critical temperature where the Ising model on the square lattice becomes magnetic to be Tc /J = 2.26934(6) using a finite size scaling analysis of the crossing points of Binder cumulants. We provide a virtual machine which can be used to reproduce all figures and results.

9. Dynamic Critical Exponents of Three-Dimensional Ising Models and Two-Dimensional Three-States Potts Models

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

Values of dynamic critical exponents are numerically estimated for various models with the nonequilibrium relaxation method to test the dynamic universality hypothesis. The dynamics used here are single-spin update with Metropolis-type transition probabities. The estimated values of nonequilibrium relaxation exponent of magnetization λm (=β/zν) of Ising models on bcc and fcc lattices are estimated to be 0.251(3) and 0.252(3), respectively, which are consistent with the value of the model on simple-cubic lattice, 0.250(2). The dynamic critical exponents of three-states Potts models on square, honeycomb and triangular lattices are also estimated to be 2.193(5), 2.198(4), and 2.199(3), respectively. They are consistent within the error bars. It is also confirmed that Ising models with regularly modulated coupling constants on square lattice have the same dynamic critical exponents with the uniformly ferromagnetic Ising model.

10. The anti-ferromagnetic Ising model on the simplest pure Husimi lattice: An exact solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jurčišinová, E., E-mail: jurcisine@saske.sk [Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice (Slovakia); Jurčišin, M., E-mail: jurcisin@saske.sk [Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice (Slovakia); Bobák, A., E-mail: andrej.bobak@upjs.sk [Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 040 01 Košice (Slovakia)

2013-11-22

The anti-ferromagnetic spin-1/2 Ising model on the pure Husimi lattice with three sites in the elementary polygon (p=3) and the coordination number z=4 is investigated. It represents the simplest approximation of the anti-ferromagnetic Ising model on the two-dimensional kagome lattice which takes into account effects of frustration. The exact analytical solution of the model is found and discussed. It is proven that the model does not exhibit the first order as well as the second order phase transitions. A detailed analysis of the magnetization properties is performed and the existence of the magnetization plateaus for low temperatures is shown. All possible ground states of the model are found and discussed.

11. An analysis of intergroup rivalry using Ising model and reinforcement learning

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Feng-Fei; Qin, Zheng; Shao, Zhuo

2014-01-01

Modeling of intergroup rivalry can help us better understand economic competitions, political elections and other similar activities. The result of intergroup rivalry depends on the co-evolution of individual behavior within one group and the impact from the rival group. In this paper, we model the rivalry behavior using Ising model. Different from other simulation studies using Ising model, the evolution rules of each individual in our model are not static, but have the ability to learn from historical experience using reinforcement learning technique, which makes the simulation more close to real human behavior. We studied the phase transition in intergroup rivalry and focused on the impact of the degree of social freedom, the personality of group members and the social experience of individuals. The results of computer simulation show that a society with a low degree of social freedom and highly educated, experienced individuals is more likely to be one-sided in intergroup rivalry.

12. Topologiacl Models of 2D Fractal Cellular Structures

Science.gov (United States)

Le Caër, G.; Delannay, R.

1995-11-01

In space-filling 2D cellular structures with trivalent vertices and in which each cell is constrained to share at most one side with any cell and no side with itself, the maximum fraction of three-sided cells is produced by a decoration of vertices of any initial structure by three-sided cells. Fractal cellular structures are obtained if the latter decoration process is iterated indefinitely. Other methods of constructions of fractal structures are also described. The probability distribution P(n) of the number n of cell sides and some two-cell topological properties of a 2D fractal cellular structure constructed from the triangular Sierpinski gasket are investigated. On the whole, the repartition of cells in 2D structures with n geq 3 and P(3) ne 0 evolve regularly when topological disorder, conveniently measured by the variance μ2 of P(n), increases. The strong correlations which exist among cells, in particular in natural structures (μ2lesssim 5), decrease progressively when μ2 increases, a cell repartition close to a random one being reached for μ2sim 12. We argue that the structures finally evolve to fractal structures (for which μ2 is infinite) but we have not characterized the latter transition. Dans des structures cellulaires 2D à sommets trivalents qui remplissent l'espace et dans lesquelles une cellule partage au plus un côté avec toute autre cellule et aucun avec elle-même, la proportion maximum admissible de cellules à trois côtés est obtenue par une décoration de tous les sommets d'une structure initiale quelconque par des cellules à trois côtés. Des structures cellulaires “fractales” 2D sont ainsi engendrées si le processus précédent est répété à l'infini. D'autres méthodes de constructions de structures fractales sont également décrites. La distribution de probabilité P(n) du nombre n de côtés des cellules ainsi que des corrélations de paires sont étudiées pour une structure cellulaire fractale construite à partir

13. Ising and Gross-Neveu model in next-to-leading order

CERN Document Server

Knorr, Benjamin

2016-01-01

We study scalar and chiral fermionic models in next-to-leading order with the help of the functional renormalisation group. Their critical behaviour is of special interest in condensed matter systems, in particular graphene. To derive the beta functions, we make extensive use of computer algebra. The resulting flow equations were solved with pseudo-spectral methods to guarantee high accuracy. New estimates on critical quantities for both the Ising and the Gross-Neveu model are provided. For the Ising model, the estimates agree with earlier renormalisation group studies of the same level of approximation. By contrast, the approximation for the Gross-Neveu model retains many more operators than all earlier studies. For two Dirac fermions, the results agree with both lattice and large-$N_f$ calculations, but for a single flavour, different methods disagree quantitatively, and further studies are necessary.

14. Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics Prize Lecture: Correlation Functions in Integrable Models: Ising Model and Monodromy Preserving Deformation

Science.gov (United States)

Miwa, Tetsuji

2013-03-01

Studies on integrable models in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory originated in the works of Bethe on the one-dimensional quantum spin chain and the work of Onsager on the two-dimensional Ising model. I will talk on the discovery in 1977 of the link between quantum field theory in the scaling limit of the two-dimensional Ising model and the theory of monodromy preserving linear ordinary differential equations. This work was the staring point of our journey with Michio Jimbo in integrable models, the journey which finally led us to the exact results on the correlation functions of quantum spin chains in 1992.

15. Phase Transition of a Distance-Dependent Ising Model on the Barabasi-Albert Network

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

DAI Jun; HE Da-Ren

2007-01-01

We report our investigation on the behaviour of distance-dependent Ising models,which are located on the BA model network.The interaction strength between two nodes(the spins) is considered to obey an exponential decay dependence on the geometrical distance.The Monte Carlo simulation shows a phase transition from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism,and the critical temperature approaches a constant temperature as the interaction decaying exponent increases.

16. Ground-state entanglement in a three-spin transverse Ising model with energy current

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Zhang Yong; Liu Dan; Long Gui-Lu

2007-01-01

The ground-state entanglement associated with a three-spin transverse Ising model is studied. By introducing an energy current into the system, a quantum phase transition to energy-current phase may be presented with the variation of external magnetic field; and the ground-state entanglement varies suddenly at the critical point of quantum phase transition. In our model, the introduction of energy current makes the entanglement between any two qubits become maximally robust.

17. The scaling limit of the energy correlations in non integrable Ising models

OpenAIRE

2012-01-01

We obtain an explicit expression for the multipoint energy correlations of a non solvable two-dimensional Ising models with nearest neighbor ferromagnetic interactions plus a weak finite range interaction of strength $\\lambda$, in a scaling limit in which we send the lattice spacing to zero and the temperature to the critical one. Our analysis is based on an exact mapping of the model into an interacting lattice fermionic theory, which generalizes the one originally used by Schultz, Mattis an...

18. Dynamics of the Random Ising Model with Long-Range Interaction

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

CHEN Yuan; LI Zhi-Bing; FANG Hai; HE Shun-Shan; SITU Shu-Ping

2001-01-01

Critical dynamics of the random Ising model with long-range interaction decaying as r-(d+σ) where d is the dimensionality) is studied by the theoretic renormalization-group approach. The system is released to an evolution within a model A dynamics. Asymptotic scaling laws are studied in a frame of the expansion in = 2σ - d. In dimensions d ＜ 2σ. the dynamic exponent z is calculated to the second order in at the random fixed point.

19. Spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model with the pair XYZ Heisenberg interaction and quartic Ising interactions as the exactly soluble zero-field eight-vertex model.

Science.gov (United States)

Strecka, Jozef; Canová, Lucia; Minami, Kazuhiko

2009-05-01

The spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model with the pair XYZ Heisenberg interaction and quartic Ising interactions is exactly solved by establishing a precise mapping relationship with the corresponding zero-field (symmetric) eight-vertex model. It is shown that the Ising-Heisenberg model with the ferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction exhibits a striking critical behavior, which manifests itself through re-entrant phase transitions as well as continuously varying critical exponents. The changes in critical exponents are in accordance with the weak universality hypothesis in spite of a peculiar singular behavior that emerges at a quantum critical point of the infinite order, which occurs at the isotropic limit of the Heisenberg interaction. On the other hand, the Ising-Heisenberg model with the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction surprisingly exhibits less significant changes in both critical temperatures and critical exponents upon varying the strength of the exchange anisotropy in the Heisenberg interaction.

20. An Ising-Anderson model of localisation in high-temperature QCD

CERN Document Server

Giordano, Matteo; Pittler, Ferenc

2015-01-01

We discuss a possible mechanism leading to localisation of the low-lying Dirac eigenmodes in high-temperature lattice QCD, based on the spatial fluctuations of the local Polyakov lines in the partially ordered configurations above $T_c$. This mechanism provides a qualitative explanation of the dependence of localisation on the temperature and on the lattice spacing, and also of the phase diagram of QCD with an imaginary chemical potential. To test the viability of this mechanism we propose a three-dimensional effective, Anderson-like model, mimicking the effect of the Polyakov lines on the quarks. The diagonal, on-site disorder is governed by a three-dimensional Ising-like spin model with continuous spins. Our numerical results show that localised modes are indeed present in the ordered phase of the Ising model, thus supporting the proposed mechanism for localisation in QCD.

1. Ising Model Spin S = 1 ON Directed BARABÁSI-ALBERT Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Lima, F. W. S.

On directed Barabási-Albert networks with two and seven neighbours selected by each added site, the Ising model with spin S = 1/2 was seen not to show a spontaneous magnetisation. Instead, the decay time for flipping of the magnetisation followed an Arrhenius law for Metropolis and Glauber algorithms, but for Wolff cluster flipping the magnetisation decayed exponentially with time. On these networks the Ising model spin S = 1 is now studied through Monte Carlo simulations. However, in this model, the order-disorder phase transition is well defined in this system. We have obtained a first-order phase transition for values of connectivity m = 2 and m = 7 of the directed Barabási-Albert network.

2. Self-similar transformations of lattice-Ising models at critical temperatures

CERN Document Server

Feng, You-gang

2012-01-01

We classify geometric blocks that serve as spin carriers into simple blocks and compound blocks by their topologic connectivity, define their fractal dimensions and describe the relevant transformations. By the hierarchical property of transformations and a block-spin scaling law we obtain a relation between the block spin and its carrier's fractal dimension. By mapping we set up a block-spin Gaussian model and get a formula connecting the critical point and the minimal fractal dimension of the carrier, which guarantees the uniqueness of a fixed point corresponding to the critical point, changing the complicated calculation of critical point into the simple one of the minimal fractal dimension. The numerical results of critical points with high accuracy for five conventional lattice-Ising models prove our method very effective and may be suitable to all lattice-Ising models. The origin of fluctuations in structure at critical temperature is discussed. Our method not only explains the problems met in the renor...

3. Spin-1 Ising model: exact damage-spreading relations and numerical simulations.

Science.gov (United States)

Anjos, A S; Mariz, A M; Nobre, F D; Araujo, I G

2008-09-01

The nearest-neighbor-interaction spin-1 Ising model is investigated within the damage-spreading approach. Exact relations involving quantities computable through damage-spreading simulations and thermodynamic properties are derived for such a model, defined in terms of a very general Hamiltonian that covers several spin-1 models of interest in the literature. Such relations presuppose translational invariance and hold for any ergodic dynamical procedure, leading to an efficient tool for obtaining thermodynamic properties. The implementation of the method is illustrated through damage-spreading simulations for the ferromagnetic spin-1 Ising model on a square lattice. The two-spin correlation function and the magnetization are obtained, with precise estimates of their associated critical exponents and of the critical temperature of the model, in spite of the small lattice sizes considered. These results are in good agreement with the universality hypothesis, with critical exponents in the same universality class of the spin- 12 Ising model. The advantage of the present method is shown through a significant reduction of finite-size effects by comparing its results with those obtained from standard Monte Carlo simulations.

4. The scaling limit of the energy correlations in non-integrable Ising models

Science.gov (United States)

Giuliani, Alessandro; Greenblatt, Rafael L.; Mastropietro, Vieri

2012-09-01

We obtain an explicit expression for the multipoint energy correlations of a non-solvable two-dimensional Ising models with nearest neighbor ferromagnetic interactions plus a weak finite range interaction of strength λ, in a scaling limit in which we send the lattice spacing to zero and the temperature to the critical one. Our analysis is based on an exact mapping of the model into an interacting lattice fermionic theory, which generalizes the one originally used by Schultz, Mattis, and Lieb for the nearest neighbor Ising model. The interacting model is then analyzed by a multiscale method first proposed by Pinson and Spencer. If the lattice spacing is finite, then the correlations cannot be computed in closed form: rather, they are expressed in terms of infinite, convergent, power series in λ. In the scaling limit, these infinite expansions radically simplify and reduce to the limiting energy correlations of the integrable Ising model, up to a finite renormalization of the parameters. Explicit bounds on the speed of convergence to the scaling limit are derived.

5. Application of Corner Transfer Matrix Renormalization Group Method to the Correlation Function of a Two-Dimensional Ising Model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

何春山; 李志兵

2003-01-01

The correlation function of a two-dimensionalIsing model is calculated by the corner transfer matrix renormalization group method.We obtain the critical exponent η= 0.2496 with few computer resources.

6. A Monte Carlo method for critical systems in infinite volume: the planar Ising model

CERN Document Server

Herdeiro, Victor

2016-01-01

In this paper we propose a Monte Carlo method for generating finite-domain marginals of critical distributions of statistical models in infinite volume. The algorithm corrects the problem of the long-range effects of boundaries associated to generating critical distributions on finite lattices. It uses the advantage of scale invariance combined with ideas of the renormalization group in order to construct a type of "holographic" boundary condition that encodes the presence of an infinite volume beyond it. We check the quality of the distribution obtained in the case of the planar Ising model by comparing various observables with their infinite-plane prediction. We accurately reproduce planar two-, three- and four-point functions of spin and energy operators. We also define a lattice stress-energy tensor, and numerically obtain the associated conformal Ward identities and the Ising central charge.

7. Monte Carlo method for critical systems in infinite volume: The planar Ising model.

Science.gov (United States)

Herdeiro, Victor; Doyon, Benjamin

2016-10-01

In this paper we propose a Monte Carlo method for generating finite-domain marginals of critical distributions of statistical models in infinite volume. The algorithm corrects the problem of the long-range effects of boundaries associated to generating critical distributions on finite lattices. It uses the advantage of scale invariance combined with ideas of the renormalization group in order to construct a type of "holographic" boundary condition that encodes the presence of an infinite volume beyond it. We check the quality of the distribution obtained in the case of the planar Ising model by comparing various observables with their infinite-plane prediction. We accurately reproduce planar two-, three-, and four-point of spin and energy operators. We also define a lattice stress-energy tensor, and numerically obtain the associated conformal Ward identities and the Ising central charge.

8. Rényi information flow in the Ising model with single-spin dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Deng, Zehui; Wu, Jinshan; Guo, Wenan

2014-12-01

The n -index Rényi mutual information and transfer entropies for the two-dimensional kinetic Ising model with arbitrary single-spin dynamics in the thermodynamic limit are derived as functions of ensemble averages of observables and spin-flip probabilities. Cluster Monte Carlo algorithms with different dynamics from the single-spin dynamics are thus applicable to estimate the transfer entropies. By means of Monte Carlo simulations with the Wolff algorithm, we calculate the information flows in the Ising model with the Metropolis dynamics and the Glauber dynamics, respectively. We find that not only the global Rényi transfer entropy, but also the pairwise Rényi transfer entropy, peaks in the disorder phase.

9. Hysteresis Loops and Phase Diagrams of the Spin-1 Ising Model in a Transverse Crystal Field

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

S. Bouhou; I. Essaoudi; A. Ainane; M. Saber; J. J. de Miguel; M. Kerouad1

2012-01-01

Within the framework of the effective-Geld theory with a probability distribution technique, which accounts for the self-spin correlation functions, the ferromagnetic spin-l Ising model with a transverse crystal field on honeycomb, square and simple cubic lattices is studied. We have investigated the effect of the transverse crystal field on the phase diagrams, magnetization, hysteresis loops and χz,h of the system. A number of interesting phenomena of the system are discussed.%Within the framework of the effective-field theory with a probability distribution technique,which accounts for the self-spin correlation functions,the ferromagnetic spin-1 Ising model with a transverse crystal field on honeycomb,square and simple cubic lattices is studied.We have investigated the effect of the transverse crystal field on the phase diagrams,magnetization,hysteresis loops and xz,h of the system.A number of interesting phenomena of the system are discussed.

10. An Incompressible 2D Didactic Model with Singularity and Explicit Solutions of the 2D Boussinesq Equations

Science.gov (United States)

Chae, Dongho; Constantin, Peter; Wu, Jiahong

2014-09-01

We give an example of a well posed, finite energy, 2D incompressible active scalar equation with the same scaling as the surface quasi-geostrophic equation and prove that it can produce finite time singularities. In spite of its simplicity, this seems to be the first such example. Further, we construct explicit solutions of the 2D Boussinesq equations whose gradients grow exponentially in time for all time. In addition, we introduce a variant of the 2D Boussinesq equations which is perhaps a more faithful companion of the 3D axisymmetric Euler equations than the usual 2D Boussinesq equations.

11. The Implementation of C-ID, R2D2 Model on Learning Reading Comprehension

Science.gov (United States)

Rayanto, Yudi Hari; Rusmawan, Putu Ngurah

2016-01-01

The purposes of this research are to find out, (1) whether C-ID, R2D2 model is effective to be implemented on learning Reading comprehension, (2) college students' activity during the implementation of C-ID, R2D2 model on learning Reading comprehension, and 3) college students' learning achievement during the implementation of C-ID, R2D2 model on…

12. Phase Diagrams and Tricritical Behaviour of the Spin-2 Ising Model in a Longitudinal Random Field

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LIANG Ya-Qiu; WEI Guo-Zhu; ZHANG Qi; SONG Guo-Li

2004-01-01

@@ Within the framework of the effective-field theory with correlations, we study the ferromagnetic spin-2 randomfield Ising model (RFIM) in the presence of a crystal field on honeycomb (z = 3), square (z = 4) and simple cubic (z = 6) lattices. The effects of the crystal field and the longitudinal random field on the phase diagrams are investigated. Some characteristic features of the phase diagrams, such as the tricritical phenomena, reentrant phenomena and existence of two tricritical points, are found.

13. The Ising model as a playground for the study of wetting and interface behavior

OpenAIRE

Landau, D.P.; Ferrenberg, Alan M.; Binder, K.

2000-01-01

Computer simulations have played an important role in the elucidation of wetting and interface unbinding phenomena. In particular, use of the Ising-lattice-gas model in a film geometry and subject to diverse surface and bulk magnetic fields has permitted extensive Monte Carlo simulations to reveal new features of the phase diagrams associated with these phenomena and to provoke new theoretical studies. The status of our knowledge about the nature of wetting and interface-delocalization transi...

14. Fast vectorized algorithm for the Monte Carlo Simulation of the Random Field Ising Model

CERN Document Server

Rieger, H

1992-01-01

An algoritm for the simulation of the 3--dimensional random field Ising model with a binary distribution of the random fields is presented. It uses multi-spin coding and simulates 64 physically different systems simultaneously. On one processor of a Cray YMP it reaches a speed of 184 Million spin updates per second. For smaller field strength we present a version of the algorithm that can perform 242 Million spin updates per second on the same machine.

15. Single-cluster algorithm for the site-bond-correlated Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Campos, P. R. A.; Onody, R. N.

1997-12-01

We extend the Wolff algorithm to include correlated spin interactions in diluted magnetic systems. This algorithm is applied to study the site-bond-correlated Ising model on a two-dimensional square lattice. We use a finite-size scaling procedure to obtain the phase diagram in the temperature-concentration space. We also have verified that the autocorrelation time diminishes in the presence of dilution and correlation, showing that the Wolff algorithm performs even better in such situations.

16. Anisotropy of the interface tension of the three-dimensional Ising model

OpenAIRE

Bittner, E.; Nußbaumer, A.; W. Janke

2009-01-01

We determine the interface tension for the 100, 110 and 111 interface of the simple cubic Ising model with nearest-neighbour interaction using novel simulation methods. To overcome the droplet/strip transition and the droplet nucleation barrier we use a newly developed combination of the multimagnetic algorithm with the parallel tempering method. We investigate a large range of inverse temperatures to study the anisotropy of the interface tension in detail.

17. Finite Size Scaling and "perfect" actions the three dimensional Ising model

CERN Document Server

Ballesteros, H G; Martín-Mayor, V; Muñoz-Sudupe, A

1998-01-01

Using Finite-Size Scaling techniques, we numerically show that the first irrelevant operator of the lattice $\\lambda\\phi^4$ theory in three dimensions is (within errors) completely decoupled at $\\lambda=1.0$. This interesting result also holds in the Thermodynamical Limit, where the renormalized coupling constant shows an extraordinary reduction of the scaling-corrections when compared with the Ising model. It is argued that Finite-Size Scaling analysis can be a competitive method for finding improved actions.

18. On bimodal size distribution of spin clusters in the one dimensional Ising model

OpenAIRE

Ivanytskyi, A. I.; Chelnokov, V. O.

2015-01-01

The size distribution of geometrical spin clusters is exactly found for the one dimensional Ising model of finite extent. For the values of lattice constant $\\beta$ above some "critical value" $\\beta_c$ the found size distribution demonstrates the non-monotonic behavior with the peak corresponding to the size of largest available cluster. In other words, at high values of lattice constant there are two ways to fill the lattice: either to form a single largest cluster or to create many cluster...

19. Excited TBA equations II: massless flow from tricritical to critical Ising model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pearce, Paul A. E-mail: p.pearce@ms.unimelb.edu.au; Chim, Leung E-mail: leung.chim@dsto.defence.gov.au; Ahn, Changrim E-mail: ahn@dante.ewha.ac.kr

2003-06-16

We consider the massless tricritical Ising model M(4,5) perturbed by the thermal operator phi (cursive,open) Greek{sub 1,3} in a cylindrical geometry and apply integrable boundary conditions, labelled by the Kac labels (r,s), that are natural off-critical perturbations of known conformal boundary conditions. We derive massless thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations for all excitations by solving, in the continuum scaling limit, the TBA functional equation satisfied by the double-row transfer matrices of the A{sub 4} lattice model of Andrews, Baxter and Forrester (ABF) in Regime IV. The resulting TBA equations describe the massless renormalization group flow from the tricritical to critical Ising model. As in the massive case of Part I, the excitations are completely classified in terms of (m,n) systems but the string content changes by one of three mechanisms along the flow. Using generalized q-Vandermonde identities, we show that this leads to a flow from tricritical to critical Ising characters. The excited TBA equations are solved numerically to follow the continuous flows from the UV to the IR conformal fixed points.

20. Algorithmic modeling of the irrelevant sound effect (ISE) by the hearing sensation fluctuation strength.

Science.gov (United States)

Schlittmeier, Sabine J; Weissgerber, Tobias; Kerber, Stefan; Fastl, Hugo; Hellbrück, Jürgen

2012-01-01

Background sounds, such as narration, music with prominent staccato passages, and office noise impair verbal short-term memory even when these sounds are irrelevant. This irrelevant sound effect (ISE) is evoked by so-called changing-state sounds that are characterized by a distinct temporal structure with varying successive auditory-perceptive tokens. However, because of the absence of an appropriate psychoacoustically based instrumental measure, the disturbing impact of a given speech or nonspeech sound could not be predicted until now, but necessitated behavioral testing. Our database for parametric modeling of the ISE included approximately 40 background sounds (e.g., speech, music, tone sequences, office noise, traffic noise) and corresponding performance data that was collected from 70 behavioral measurements of verbal short-term memory. The hearing sensation fluctuation strength was chosen to model the ISE and describes the percept of fluctuations when listening to slowly modulated sounds (f(mod) sounds, the algorithm estimated behavioral performance data in 63 of 70 cases within the interquartile ranges. In particular, all real-world sounds were modeled adequately, whereas the algorithm overestimated the (non-)disturbance impact of synthetic steady-state sounds that were constituted by a repeated vowel or tone. Implications of the algorithm's strengths and prediction errors are discussed.

1. Monte Carlo renormalization: the triangular Ising model as a test case.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Wenan; Blöte, Henk W J; Ren, Zhiming

2005-04-01

We test the performance of the Monte Carlo renormalization method in the context of the Ising model on a triangular lattice. We apply a block-spin transformation which allows for an adjustable parameter so that the transformation can be optimized. This optimization purportedly brings the fixed point of the transformation to a location where the corrections to scaling vanish. To this purpose we determine corrections to scaling of the triangular Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions by means of transfer-matrix calculations and finite-size scaling. We find that the leading correction to scaling just vanishes for the nearest-neighbor model. However, the fixed point of the commonly used majority-rule block-spin transformation appears to lie well away from the nearest-neighbor critical point. This raises the question whether the majority rule is suitable as a renormalization transformation, because the standard assumptions of real-space renormalization imply that corrections to scaling vanish at the fixed point. We avoid this inconsistency by means of the optimized transformation which shifts the fixed point back to the vicinity of the nearest-neighbor critical Hamiltonian. The results of the optimized transformation in terms of the Ising critical exponents are more accurate than those obtained with the majority rule.

2. Effective field study of ising model on a double perovskite structure

Science.gov (United States)

Ngantso, G. Dimitri; El Amraoui, Y.; Benyoussef, A.; El Kenz, A.

2017-02-01

By using the effective field theory (EFT), the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising ferrimagnetic model adapted to a double perovskite structure has been studied. The EFT calculations have been carried out from Ising Hamiltonian by taking into account first and second nearest-neighbors interactions and the crystal and external magnetic fields. Both first- and second-order phase transitions have been found in phase diagrams of interest. Depending on crystal-field values, the thermodynamic behavior of total magnetization indicated the compensation phenomenon existence. The hysteresis behaviors are studied by investigating the reduced magnetic field dependence of total magnetization and a series of hysteresis loops are shown for different reduced temperatures around the critical one.

3. Models of Late-Type Disk Galaxies: 1-D Versus 2-D

CERN Document Server

2015-01-01

We investigate the effects of stochasticity on the observed galaxy parameters by comparing our stochastic star formation two-dimensional (2-D) galaxy evolution models with the commonly used one-dimensional (1-D) models with smooth star formation. The 2-D stochastic models predict high variability of the star formation rate and the surface photometric parameters across the galactic disks and in time.

4. A Non-Perturbative Approach to the Random-Bond Ising Model

CERN Document Server

Cabra, D C; Mussardo, G; Pujol, P

1997-01-01

We study the N -> 0 limit of the O(N) Gross-Neveu model in the framework of the massless form-factor approach. This model is related to the continuum limit of the Ising model with random bonds via the replica method. We discuss how this method may be useful in calculating correlation functions of physical operators. The identification of non-perturbative fixed points of the O(N) Gross-Neveu model is pursued by its mapping to a WZW model.

5. Nonequilibrium critical dynamics of the two-dimensional Ising model quenched from a correlated initial state.

Science.gov (United States)

Környei, László; Pleimling, Michel; Iglói, Ferenc

2008-01-01

The universality class, even the order of the transition, of the two-dimensional Ising model depends on the range and the symmetry of the interactions (Onsager model, Baxter-Wu model, Turban model, etc.), but the critical temperature is generally the same due to self-duality. Here we consider a sudden change in the form of the interaction and study the nonequilibrium critical dynamical properties of the nearest-neighbor model. The relaxation of the magnetization and the decay of the autocorrelation function are found to display a power law behavior with characteristic exponents that depend on the universality class of the initial state.

6. An analytic equation of state for Ising-like models

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

O' Connor, Denjoe [School of Theoretical Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 10 Burlington Road, Dublin 4 (Ireland); Santiago, J A [Centro de Investigacion Avanzada en IngenierIa Industrial. Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca 42184 (Mexico); Stephens, C R [Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico DF 04510 (Mexico)

2007-02-02

Using an environmentally friendly renormalization we derive, from an underlying field theory representation, a formal expression for the equation of state, y = f(x), that exhibits all desired asymptotic and analyticity properties in the three limits x {yields} 0, x {yields} {infinity} and x {yields} -1. The only necessary inputs are the Wilson functions {gamma}{sub {lambda}}, {gamma}{sub {psi}} and {gamma}{sub {phi}{sup 2}}, associated with a renormalization of the transverse vertex functions. These Wilson functions exhibit a crossover between the Wilson-Fisher fixed point and the fixed point that controls the coexistence curve. Restricting to the case N = 1, we derive a one-loop equation of state for 2 < d < 4 naturally parameterized by a ratio of nonlinear scaling fields. For d = 3 we show that a non-parameterized analytic form can be deduced. Various asymptotic amplitudes are calculated directly from the equation of state in all three asymptotic limits of interest and comparison made with known results. By positing a scaling form for the equation of state inspired by the one-loop result, but adjusted to fit the known values of the critical exponents, we obtain better agreement with known asymptotic amplitudes.

7. 2D Poisson sigma models with gauged vectorial supersymmetry

Science.gov (United States)

Bonezzi, Roberto; Sundell, Per; Torres-Gomez, Alexander

2015-08-01

In this note, we gauge the rigid vectorial supersymmetry of the two-dimensional Poisson sigma model presented in arXiv:1503.05625. We show that the consistency of the construction does not impose any further constraints on the differential Poisson algebra geometry than those required for the ungauged model. We conclude by proposing that the gauged model provides a first-quantized framework for higher spin gravity.

8. 2D Poisson sigma models with gauged vectorial supersymmetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonezzi, Roberto [Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Bologna and INFN, Sezione di Bologna,via Irnerio 46, I-40126 Bologna (Italy); Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andres Bello,Republica 220, Santiago (Chile); Sundell, Per [Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andres Bello,Republica 220, Santiago (Chile); Torres-Gomez, Alexander [Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andres Bello,Republica 220, Santiago (Chile); Instituto de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad Austral de Chile-UACh,Valdivia (Chile)

2015-08-12

In this note, we gauge the rigid vectorial supersymmetry of the two-dimensional Poisson sigma model presented in arXiv:1503.05625. We show that the consistency of the construction does not impose any further constraints on the differential Poisson algebra geometry than those required for the ungauged model. We conclude by proposing that the gauged model provides a first-quantized framework for higher spin gravity.

9. 2D Poisson sigma models with gauged vectorial supersymmetry

OpenAIRE

2015-01-01

In this note, we gauge the rigid vectorial supersymmetry of the two-dimensional Poisson sigma model presented in arXiv:1503.05625. We show that the consistency of the construction does not impose any further constraints on the differential Poisson algebra geometry than those required for the ungauged model. We conclude by proposing that the gauged model provides a first-quantized framework for higher spin gravity.

10. 2D Poisson Sigma Models with Gauged Vectorial Supersymmetry

CERN Document Server

Bonezzi, Roberto; Torres-Gomez, Alexander

2015-01-01

In this note, we gauge the rigid vectorial supersymmetry of the two-dimensional Poisson sigma model presented in arXiv:1503.05625. We show that the consistency of the construction does not impose any further constraints on the differential Poisson algebra geometry than those required for the ungauged model. We conclude by proposing that the gauged model provides a first-quantized framework for higher spin gravity.

11. Lattice Radial Quantization: 3D Ising

CERN Document Server

Brower, Richard; Neuberger, Herbert

2012-01-01

Lattice radial quantization is introduced as a nonperturbative method intended to numerically solve Euclidean conformal field theories that can be realized as fixed points of known Lagrangians. As an example, we employ a lattice shaped as a cylinder with a 2D Icosahedral cross-section to discretize dilatations in the 3D Ising model. Using this method, we obtain the preliminary estimate eta=0.034(10).

12. Stable Non--Perturbative Minimal Models Coupled to 2D Quantum Gravity

CERN Document Server

Johnson, C; Spence, B; Johnson, Clifford; Morris, Tim; Spence, Bill

1992-01-01

A generalisation of the non--perturbatively stable solutions of string equations which respect the KdV flows, obtained recently for the $(2m-1,2)$ conformal minimal models coupled to two--dimensional quantum gravity, is presented for the $(p,q)$ models. These string equations are the most general string equations compatible with the $q$--th generalised KdV flows. They exhibit a close relationship with the bi-hamiltonian structure in these hierarchies. The Ising model is studied as a particular example, for which a real non-singular numerical solution to the string susceptibility is presented.

13. 2-D Model Test Study of the Suape Breakwater, Brazil

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Thomas Lykke; Burcharth, Hans F.; Sopavicius, A.;

This report deals with a two-dimensional model test study of the extension of the breakwater in Suape, Brazil. One cross-section was tested for stability and overtopping in various sea conditions. The length scale used for the model tests was 1:35. Unless otherwise specified all values given...

14. 2D sigma models and differential Poisson algebras

Science.gov (United States)

Arias, Cesar; Boulanger, Nicolas; Sundell, Per; Torres-Gomez, Alexander

2015-08-01

We construct a two-dimensional topological sigma model whose target space is endowed with a Poisson algebra for differential forms. The model consists of an equal number of bosonic and fermionic fields of worldsheet form degrees zero and one. The action is built using exterior products and derivatives, without any reference to a worldsheet metric, and is of the covariant Hamiltonian form. The equations of motion define a universally Cartan integrable system. In addition to gauge symmetries, the model has one rigid nilpotent supersymmetry corresponding to the target space de Rham operator. The rigid and local symmetries of the action, respectively, are equivalent to the Poisson bracket being compatible with the de Rham operator and obeying graded Jacobi identities. We propose that perturbative quantization of the model yields a covariantized differential star product algebra of Kontsevich type. We comment on the resemblance to the topological A model.

15. 2D sigma models and differential Poisson algebras

CERN Document Server

Arias, Cesar; Sundell, Per; Torres-Gomez, Alexander

2015-01-01

We construct a two-dimensional topological sigma model whose target space is endowed with a Poisson algebra for differential forms. The model consists of an equal number of bosonic and fermionic fields of worldsheet form degrees zero and one. The action is built using exterior products and derivatives, without any reference to any worldsheet metric, and is of the covariant Hamiltonian form. The equations of motion define a universally Cartan integrable system. In addition to gauge symmetries, the model has one rigid nilpotent supersymmetry corresponding to the target space de Rham operator. The rigid and local symmetries of the action, respectively, are equivalent to the Poisson bracket being compatible with the de Rham operator and obeying graded Jacobi identities. We propose that perturbative quantization of the model yields a covariantized differential star product algebra of Kontsevich type. We comment on the resemblance to the topological A model.

16. 2D sigma models and differential Poisson algebras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arias, Cesar [Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andres Bello,Republica 220, Santiago (Chile); Boulanger, Nicolas [Service de Mécanique et Gravitation, Université de Mons - UMONS,20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons (Belgium); Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique Théorique,Unité Mixte de Recherche 7350 du CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 2964 Denis Poisson,Université François Rabelais, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours (France); Sundell, Per [Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andres Bello,Republica 220, Santiago (Chile); Torres-Gomez, Alexander [Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andres Bello,Republica 220, Santiago (Chile); Instituto de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad Austral de Chile-UACh,Valdivia (Chile)

2015-08-18

We construct a two-dimensional topological sigma model whose target space is endowed with a Poisson algebra for differential forms. The model consists of an equal number of bosonic and fermionic fields of worldsheet form degrees zero and one. The action is built using exterior products and derivatives, without any reference to a worldsheet metric, and is of the covariant Hamiltonian form. The equations of motion define a universally Cartan integrable system. In addition to gauge symmetries, the model has one rigid nilpotent supersymmetry corresponding to the target space de Rham operator. The rigid and local symmetries of the action, respectively, are equivalent to the Poisson bracket being compatible with the de Rham operator and obeying graded Jacobi identities. We propose that perturbative quantization of the model yields a covariantized differential star product algebra of Kontsevich type. We comment on the resemblance to the topological A model.

17. 2D - Finite element model of a CIGS module

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Janssen, G.J.M.; Slooff, L.H.; Bende, E.E. [ECN Solar Energy, Petten (Netherlands)

2012-09-15

The performance of thin-film CIGS modules is often limited due to inhomogeneities in CIGS layers. A 2-dimensional Finite Element Model for CIGS modules is demonstrated that predicts the impact of such inhomogeneities on the module performance. Results are presented of a module with a region of poor diode characteristics. It is concluded that according to this model the effects of poor diodes depend strongly on their location in the module and on their dispersion over the module surface. Due to its generic character the model can also be applied to other series connections of photovoltaic cells.

18. Quasicomplex N=2, d=1 Supersymmetric Sigma Models

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evgeny A. Ivanov

2013-11-01

Full Text Available We derive and discuss a new type of N=2 supersymmetric quantum mechanical sigma models which appear when the superfield action of the (1,2,1 multiplets is modified by adding an imaginary antisymmetric tensor to the target space metric, thus completing the latter to a non-symmetric Hermitian metric. These models are not equivalent to the standard de Rham sigma models, but are related to them through a certain special similarity transformation of the supercharges. On the other hand, they can be obtained by a Hamiltonian reduction from the complex supersymmetric N=2 sigma models built on the multiplets (2,2,0 and describing the Dolbeault complex on the manifolds with proper isometries. We study in detail the extremal two-dimensional case, when the target space metric is defined solely by the antisymmetric tensor, and show that the corresponding quantum systems reveal a hidden N=4 supersymmetry.

19. Vibration induced flow in hoppers: DEM 2D polygon model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2008-01-01

A two-dimensional discrete element model (DEM) simulation of cohesive polygonal particles has been developed to assess the benefit of point source vibration to induce flow in wedge-shaped hoppers. The particle-particle interaction model used is based on a multi-contact principle.The first part of the study investigated particle discharge under gravity without vibration to determine the critical orifice size (Be) to just sustain flow as a function of particle shape. It is shown that polygonal-shaped particles need a larger orifice than circular particles. It is also shown that Be decreases as the number of particle vertices increases. Addition of circular particles promotes flow of polygons in a linear manner.The second part of the study showed that vibration could enhance flow, effectively reducing Be. The model demonstrated the importance of vibrator location (height), consistent with previous continuum model results, and vibration amplitude in enhancing flow.

20. Nonequilibrium dynamics of an exactly solvable Ising-like model and protein translocation

CERN Document Server

Pelizzola, A

2013-01-01

Using an Ising-like model of protein mechanical unfolding, we introduce a diffusive dynamics on its exactly known free energy profile, reducing the nonequilibrium dynamics of the model to a biased random walk. As an illustration, the model is then applied to the protein translocation phenomenon, taking inspiration from a recent experiment on the green fluorescent protein pulled by a molecular motor. The average translocation time is evaluated exactly, and the analysis of single trajectories shows that translocation proceeds through an intermediate state, similar to that observed in the experiment.

1. The Peculiar Phase Transitions of the Ising Model on a Small-World Network

Science.gov (United States)

Brunson, Trent; Boettcher, Stefan

2009-11-01

To describe many collective phenomena on networks, the Ising model again plays a fundamental role. Here, we study a new network with small-world properties that can be studied exactly with the renormalization group. The network is non-planar and has a recursive design combining a one-dimensional backbone with a hierarchy of long-range bonds. Varying the relative strength between nearest-neighbor and long-range bonds, we can define a one-parameter family of models that exhibits a rich variety of critical phenomena, quite distinct from those on lattice models. Exact results and numerical simulations reveal this behavior in great detail.

2. Boundary magnetization of a two-dimensional Ising model with inhomogeneous nearest-neighbor interactions

Science.gov (United States)

Pelizzola, Alessandro

1994-11-01

An explicit formula for the boundary magnetization of a two-dimensional Ising model with a strip of inhomogeneous interactions is obtained by means of a transfer matrix mean-field method introduced by Lipowski and Suzuki. There is clear numerical evidence that the formula is exact By taking the limit where the width of the strip approaches infinity and the interactions have well defined bulk limits, I arrive at the boundary magnetization for a model which includes the Hilhorst-van Leeuwen model. The rich critical behavior of the latter magnetization is thereby rederived with little effort.

3. Study of Depolarization Field Influence on Ferroelectric Films Within Transverse Ising Model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

TAO Yong-Mei; SHI Qin-Fen; JIANG Qing

2005-01-01

An improved transverse Ising model is proposed by taking the depolarization field effect into account.Within the framework of mean-field theory we investigate the behavior of the ferroelectric thin film. Our results show that the influence of the depolarization field is to flatten the spontaneous polarization profile and make the films more homogeneous, which is consistent with Ginzburg-Landau theory. This fact shows that this model can be taken as an effective model to deal with the ferroelectric film and can be further extended to refer to quantum effect. The competition between quantum effect and depolarization field induces some interesting phenomena on ferroelectric thin films.

4. Phase transition of p-adic Ising λ-model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dogan, Mutlay; Akın, Hasan [Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Zirve University, Gaziantep, TR27260 (Turkey); Mukhamedov, Farrukh [Department of Computational & Theoretical Sciences Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia P.O. Box, 141, 25710, Kuantan Pahang (Malaysia)

2015-09-18

We consider an interaction of the nearest-neighbors and next nearest-neighbors for the mixed type p-adic λ-model with spin values (−1, +1) on a Cayley tree of order two. In the previous work we have proved the existence of the p-adic Gibbs measure for the model. In this work we have proved the existence of the phase transition occurs for the model.

5. Simulations of Quantum Spin Models on 2D Frustrated Lattices

Science.gov (United States)

Melko, Roger

2006-03-01

Algorithmic advances in quantum Monte Carlo techniques have opened up the possibility of studying models in the general class of the S=1/2 XXZ model (equivalent to hard-core bosons) on frustrated lattices. With an antiferromagnetic diagonal interaction (Jz), these models can be solved exactly with QMC, albeit with some effort required to retain ergodicity in the near-degenerate manifold of states that exists for large Jz. The application of the quantum (ferromagnetic off-diagonal) interaction to this classically degenerate manifold produces a variety of intriguing physics, including an order-by-disorder supersolid phase, novel insulating states, and possible exotic quantum critical phenomena. We discuss numerical results for the triangular and kagome lattices with nearest and next-nearest neighbor exchange interactions, and focus on the relevance of the simulations to related areas of physics, such as experiments of cold trapped atomic gasses and the recent theory of deconfined quantum criticality.

6. History of the Lenz–Ising model 1965–1971

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Niss, Martin

2011-01-01

was advanced by Benjamin Widom and others, were confronted with numerical results for the model, in particular the model’s so-called critical exponents. A positive result of a confrontation was seen as positive evidence for this hypothesis. The model was also used to gain insight into specific aspects...

7. Coupled 1D-2D hydrodynamic inundation model for sewer overflow: Influence of modeling parameters

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper presents outcome of our investigation on the influence of modeling parameters on 1D-2D hydrodynamic inundation model for sewer overflow, developed through coupling of an existing 1D sewer network model (SWMM and 2D inundation model (BREZO. The 1D-2D hydrodynamic model was developed for the purpose of examining flood incidence due to surcharged water on overland surface. The investigation was carried out by performing sensitivity analysis on the developed model. For the sensitivity analysis, modeling parameters, such as mesh resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM resolution and roughness were considered. The outcome of the study shows the model is sensitive to changes in these parameters. The performance of the model is significantly influenced, by the Manning's friction value, the DEM resolution and the area of the triangular mesh. Also, changes in the aforementioned modeling parameters influence the Flood characteristics, such as the inundation extent, the flow depth and the velocity across the model domain.

8. On the hysteresis behaviors of the higher spin Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Akıncı, Ümit

2017-10-01

Hysteresis characteristics of the general Spin-S (S > 1) Blume-Capel model have been studied within the effective field approximation. Particular emphasis has been paid on the large negative valued crystal field region and it has been demonstrated for this region that, Spin-S Blume-Capel model has 2 S windowed hysteresis loop in low temperatures. Some interesting results have been obtained such as nested characteristics of the hysteresis loops of successive spin-S Blume-Capel model. Effect of the rising crystal field and temperature on these hysteresis behaviors have been investigated in detail and physical mechanisms have been given.

9. Modeling 2-D jets impinging on Stirling regenerators

Science.gov (United States)

Gedeon, David

1989-01-01

The extent to which flow leaving Stirling coolers or heaters in the form of high-velocity jets penetrate the regenerator matrix is visually modeled using a computer program. Two-dimensional laminar jets are shown impinging on regenerator samples of variable permeability ranging from no matrix at all to matrices dense enough to stop the jet dead on. The results lend credibility to a simple tension for flow uniformity as a function of penetration depth.

10. Understanding localisation in QCD through an Ising-Anderson model

CERN Document Server

Giordano, Matteo; Pittler, Ferenc

2014-01-01

Above the QCD chiral crossover temperature, the low-lying eigenmodes of the Dirac operator are localised, while moving up in the spectrum states become extended. This localisation/delocalisation transition has been shown to be a genuine second-order phase transition, in the same universality class as that of the 3D Anderson model. The existence of localised modes and the effective dimensional reduction can be tentatively explained as a consequence of local fluctuations of the Polyakov loop, that provide 3D on-site disorder, in analogy to the on-site disorder of the Anderson model. To test the viability of this explanation we study a 3D effective, Anderson-like model, with on-site disorder provided by the spins of a spin model, which mimics the Polyakov loop dynamics. Our preliminary results show that localised modes are present in the ordered phase, thus supporting the proposed mechanism for localisation in QCD.

11. Comparison of the dipolar magnetic field generated by two Ising-like models

Science.gov (United States)

Peqini, Klaudio; Duka, Bejo

2015-04-01

We consider two Ising-like models named respectively the "domino" model and the Rikitake disk dynamo model. Both models are based on some collective interactions that can generate a dipolar magnetic field which reproduces the well-known features of the geomagnetic field: the reversals and secular variation (SV). The first model considers the resultant dipolar magnetic field as formed by the superposition of the magnetic fields generated by the dynamo elements called macrospins, while the second one, starting from the two-disk dynamo action, takes in consideration the collective interactions of several disk dynamo elements. We will apply two versions of each model: the short-range and the long-range coupled dynamo elements. We will study the statistical properties of the time series generated by the simulation of all models. The comparison of these results with the paleomagnetic data series and long series of SV enables us to conclude which of these Ising-like models better match with the geomagnetic field time series. Key words: geomagnetic field, domino model, Rikitake disk dynamo, dipolar moment

12. Conservation laws and LETKF with 2D Shallow Water Model

Science.gov (United States)

Zeng, Yuefei; Janjic, Tijana

2016-04-01

Numerous approaches have been proposed to maintain physical conservation laws in the numerical weather prediction models. However, to achieve a reliable prediction, adequate initial conditions are also necessary, which are produced by a data assimilation algorithm. If an ensemble Kalman filters (EnKF) is used for this purpose, it has been shown that it could yield unphysical analysis ensemble that for example violates principles of mass conservation and positivity preservation (e.g. Janjic et al 2014) . In this presentation, we discuss the selection of conservation criteria for the analysis step, and start with testing the conservation of mass, energy and enstrophy. The simple experiments deal with nonlinear shallow water equations and simulated observations that are assimilated with LETKF (Localized Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter, Hunt et al. 2007). The model is discretized in a specific way to conserve mass, angular momentum, energy and enstrophy. The effects of the data assimilation on the conserved quantities (of mass, energy and enstrophy) depend on observation covarage, localization radius, observed variable and observation operator. Having in mind that Arakawa (1966) and Arakawa and Lamb (1977) showed that the conservation of both kinetic energy and enstrophy by momentum advection schemes in the case of nondivergent flow prevents systematic and unrealistic energy cascade towards high wave numbers, a cause of excessive numerical noise and possible eventual nonlinear instability, we test the effects on prediction depending on the type of errors in the initial condition. The performance with respect to nonlinear energy cascade is assessed as well.

13. SToRM: A Model for 2D environmental hydraulics

Science.gov (United States)

Simões, Francisco J. M.

2017-01-01

A two-dimensional (depth-averaged) finite volume Godunov-type shallow water model developed for flow over complex topography is presented. The model, SToRM, is based on an unstructured cell-centered finite volume formulation and on nonlinear strong stability preserving Runge-Kutta time stepping schemes. The numerical discretization is founded on the classical and well established shallow water equations in hyperbolic conservative form, but the convective fluxes are calculated using auto-switching Riemann and diffusive numerical fluxes. Computational efficiency is achieved through a parallel implementation based on the OpenMP standard and the Fortran programming language. SToRM’s implementation within a graphical user interface is discussed. Field application of SToRM is illustrated by utilizing it to estimate peak flow discharges in a flooding event of the St. Vrain Creek in Colorado, U.S.A., in 2013, which reached 850 m3/s (~30,000 f3 /s) at the location of this study.

14. Minimal duality breaking in the Kallen Lehman approach to 3D Ising model: A numerical test

Science.gov (United States)

Astorino, Marco; Canfora, Fabrizio; Martínez, Cristián; Parisi, Luca

2008-06-01

A Kallen-Lehman approach to 3D Ising model is analyzed numerically both at low and high temperatures. It is shown that, even assuming a minimal duality breaking, one can fix three parameters of the model to get a very good agreement with the Monte Carlo results at high temperatures. With the same parameters the agreement is satisfactory both at low and near critical temperatures. How to improve the agreement with Monte Carlo results by introducing a more general duality breaking is shortly discussed.

15. Two-Dimensional Wang-Landau Sampling of AN Asymmetric Ising Model

Science.gov (United States)

Tsai, Shan-Ho; Wang, Fugao; Landau, D. P.

We study the critical endpoint behavior of an asymmetric Ising model with two- and three-body interactions on a triangular lattice, in the presence of an external field. We use a two-dimensional Wang-Landau sampling method to determine the density of states for this model. An accurate density of states allowed us to map out the phase diagram accurately and observe a clear divergence of the curvature of the spectator phase boundary and of the derivative of the magnetization coexistence diameter near the critical endpoint, in agreement with previous theoretical predictions.

16. Infinite disorder and correlation fixed point in the Ising model with correlated disorder

Science.gov (United States)

Chatelain, Christophe

2017-03-01

Recent Monte Carlo simulations of the q-state Potts model with a disorder displaying slowly-decaying correlations reported a violation of hyperscaling relation caused by large disorder fluctuations and the existence of a Griffiths phase, as in random systems governed by an infinite-disorder fixed point. New simulations of the Ising model (q = 2), directly made in the limit of an infinite disorder strength, are presented. The magnetic scaling dimension is shown to correspond to the correlated percolation fixed point. The latter is shown to be unstable at finite disorder strength but with a large cross-over length which is not accessible to Monte Carlo simulations.

17. Point Contacts in Modeling Conducting 2D Planar Structures

CERN Document Server

Thiel, David V; Hettenhausen, Jan; Lewis, Andrew

2015-01-01

Use of an optimization algorithm to improve performance of antennas and electromagnetic structures usually ends up in planar unusual shapes. Using rectangular conducting elements the proposed structures sometimes have connections with only one single point in common between two neighboring areas. The single point connections (point crossing) can affect the electromagnetic performance of the structure. In this letter, we illustrate the influence of point crossing on dipole and loop antennas using MoM, FDTD, and FEM solvers. Current distribution, radiation pattern, and impedance properties for different junctions are different. These solvers do not agree in the modeling of the point crossing junctions which is a warning about uncertainty in using such junctions. However, solvers agree that a negligible change in the junction would significantly change the antenna performance. We propose that one should consider both bridging and chamfering of the conflicting cells to find optimized structures. This reduces the ...

18. Simulation of multi-steps thermal transition in 2D spin-crossover nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jureschi, Catalin-Maricel [LISV, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78140 Velizy (France); Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and MANSiD, Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava 720229 (Romania); Pottier, Benjamin-Louis [Departement de Sciences Physiques, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78035 Versailles Cedex (France); Linares, Jorge, E-mail: jorge.linares@uvsq.fr [GEMaC, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, CNRS-UVSQ (UMR 8635), 78035 Versailles Cedex (France); Richard Dahoo, Pierre [LATMOS, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS-UMR 8190, F-78280 Guyancourt (France); Alayli, Yasser [LISV, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78140 Velizy (France); Rotaru, Aurelian [Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and MANSiD, Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava 720229 (Romania)

2016-04-01

We have used an Ising like model to study the thermal behavior of a 2D spin crossover (SCO) system embedded in a matrix. The interaction parameter between edge SCO molecules and its local environment was included in the standard Ising like model as an additional term. The influence of the system's size and the ratio between the number of edge molecules and the other molecules were also discussed.

19. A 2D model to design MHD induction pumps

Science.gov (United States)

Stieglitz, R.; Zeininger, J.

2006-09-01

Technical liquid metal systems accompanied by a thermal transfer of energy such as reactor systems, metallurgical processes, metal refinement, casting, etc., require a forced convection of the fluid. The increased temperatures and more often the environmental conditions as, e.g., in a nuclear environment, pumping principles are required, in which rotating parts are absent. Additionally, in many applications a controlled atmosphere is indispensable, in order to ensure the structural integrity of the duct walls. An interesting option to overcome the sealing problem of a mechanical pump towards the surrounding is offered by induction systems. Although their efficiency compared to that of turbo machines is quite low, they have several advantages, which are attractive to the specific requirements in liquid metal applications such as: - low maintenance costs due to the absence of sealings, bearings and moving parts; - low degradation rate of the structural material; - simple replacement of the inductor without cut of the piping system; - fine regulation of flow rate by different inductor connections; - change of pump characteristics without change of the mechanical set-up. Within the article, general design requirements of electromagnetic pumps (EMP) are elaborated. The design of two annular linear induction pumps operating with sodium and lead-bismuth are presented and the calculated pump characteristics and experimentally obtained data are compared. In this context, physical effects leading to deviations between the model and the real data are addressed. Finally, the main results are summarized. Tables 4, Figs 4, Refs 12.

20. Dynamics of intraoceanic subduction initiation: 2D thermomechanical modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, X.; Gerya, T.; LI, Z.; Stern, R. J.

2016-12-01

Intraoceanic subduction initiation occurs in previous weak zones which could be transform faults or old fracture zones, and concurrents with the change of plate motions. It is an important process to understand the beginning of plate tectonics. However, the dynamic process during (after) subduction initiation remain obscure. The process of suducting slabs move from down to downdip is also not revealed clearly. In order to obtain better understanding of the transitional process of subducting slab motion, we use finite difference and marker-in-cell methods to establish a series of self-sustainable subduction initiation models and explore many visco-plastic parameters to qualify the dynamical process of subduction initiation. The following parameters are systematic tested: (1) the age of the subducting slab; (2) friction coefficient of the mantle material; (3) the mantle potential temperature; (4) the age of the overriding slab. We find out the critical age of the oceanic lithosphere which can produce subduction initiation. And the age of subducting slab plays important roles during subduction initiation. The young subducting slab induces fast trench retreat and then trench begin to advance. For the old subducting slab, it induces relative slower trench retreat and then stop moving. The age of overriding slabs impacts coupling with the subducting slab. The friction coefficient of lithosphere also impacts the backarc spreading and subduction velocity. Stronger subducted plate gives lower subduction velocity and faster trench retreat velocity. The mantle potential temperature changes the critical age of subducted slabs.

1. Modelling and simulation of 2D stokesian Squirmers*

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aguillon Nina

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Direct numerical simulations of the individual and collective dynamics of neutral squirmers are presented. “Squirmer” refers to a class of swimmers driven by prescribed tangential deformations at their surface, and “cneutral” means that the swimmer does not apply a force dipole on the fluid. The squirmer model is used in this article to describe self-propelled liquid droplets. Each swimmer is a fluid sphere in Stokes flow without radial velocity and with a prescribed tangential velocity, which is constant in time in the swimmer frame. The interaction between two or more swimmers is taken into account through the relaxation of their translational and angular velocities. The algorithm presented for solving the fluid flow and the motion of the liquid particles is based on a variational formulation written on the whole domain (including the external fluid and the liquid particles and on a fictitious domain approach. The constraint on the tangential velocity of swimmers can be enforced using two different methods: penalty approach of the strain rate tensor on the particles domain, or a saddle-point formulation involving a Lagrange multiplier associated to the constraint. This leads to a minimization problem over unconstrained functional spaces that can be implemented straightforwardly in a finiteelement multi-purpose solver. In order to ensure robustness, a projection algorithm is used to deal with contacts between particles. Two-dimensional numerical simulations implemented with FreeFem++ are presented.

2. Simulation of subgrid orographic precipitation with an embedded 2-D cloud-resolving model

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, Joon-Hee; Arakawa, Akio

2016-03-01

By explicitly resolving cloud-scale processes with embedded two-dimensional (2-D) cloud-resolving models (CRMs), superparameterized global atmospheric models have successfully simulated various atmospheric events over a wide range of time scales. Up to now, however, such models have not included the effects of topography on the CRM grid scale. We have used both 3-D and 2-D CRMs to simulate the effects of topography with prescribed "large-scale" winds. The 3-D CRM is used as a benchmark. The results show that the mean precipitation can be simulated reasonably well by using a 2-D representation of topography as long as the statistics of the topography such as the mean and standard deviation are closely represented. It is also shown that the use of a set of two perpendicular 2-D grids can significantly reduce the error due to a 2-D representation of topography.

3. Monte Carlo Studies of Phase Separation in Compressible 2-dim Ising Models

Science.gov (United States)

Mitchell, S. J.; Landau, D. P.

2006-03-01

Using high resolution Monte Carlo simulations, we study time-dependent domain growth in compressible 2-dim ferromagnetic (s=1/2) Ising models with continuous spin positions and spin-exchange moves [1]. Spins interact with slightly modified Lennard-Jones potentials, and we consider a model with no lattice mismatch and one with 4% mismatch. For comparison, we repeat calculations for the rigid Ising model [2]. For all models, large systems (512^2) and long times (10^ 6 MCS) are examined over multiple runs, and the growth exponent is measured in the asymptotic scaling regime. For the rigid model and the compressible model with no lattice mismatch, the growth exponent is consistent with the theoretically expected value of 1/3 [1] for Model B type growth. However, we find that non-zero lattice mismatch has a significant and unexpected effect on the growth behavior.Supported by the NSF.[1] D.P. Landau and K. Binder, A Guide to Monte Carlo Simulations in Statistical Physics, second ed. (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005).[2] J. Amar, F. Sullivan, and R.D. Mountain, Phys. Rev. B 37, 196 (1988).

4. Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition of the axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model in two dimensions

Science.gov (United States)

Shirakura, T.; Matsubara, F.; Suzuki, N.

2014-10-01

The spin structure of an axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ANNNI) model in two dimensions (2D) is a renewed problem because different Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods predicted different spin orderings. The usual equilibrium simulation predicts the occurrence of a floating incommensurate (IC) Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) type phase, which never emerges in non-equilibrium relaxation (NER) simulations. In this paper, we first examine previously published results of both methods, and then investigate a higher transition temperature Tc1 between the IC and paramagnetic phases. In the usual equilibrium simulation, we calculate the chain magnetization on larger lattices (up to 512×512 sites) and estimate Tc1≈1.16J with frustration ratio κ (≡-J2/J1)=0.6. We examine the nature of the phase transition in terms of the Binder ratio gL of spin overlap functions and the correlation-length ratio ξ /L. In the NER simulation, we observe the spin dynamics in equilibrium states by means of an autocorrelation function and also observe the chain magnetization relaxations from the ground and disordered states. These quantities exhibit an algebraic decay at T ≲1.17J. We conclude that the two-dimensional ANNNI model actually admits an IC phase transition of the KT type.

5. Bayesian Modeling of ChIP-chip Data Through a High-Order Ising Model

KAUST Repository

Mo, Qianxing

2010-01-29

ChIP-chip experiments are procedures that combine chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and DNA microarray (chip) technology to study a variety of biological problems, including protein-DNA interaction, histone modification, and DNA methylation. The most important feature of ChIP-chip data is that the intensity measurements of probes are spatially correlated because the DNA fragments are hybridized to neighboring probes in the experiments. We propose a simple, but powerful Bayesian hierarchical approach to ChIP-chip data through an Ising model with high-order interactions. The proposed method naturally takes into account the intrinsic spatial structure of the data and can be used to analyze data from multiple platforms with different genomic resolutions. The model parameters are estimated using the Gibbs sampler. The proposed method is illustrated using two publicly available data sets from Affymetrix and Agilent platforms, and compared with three alternative Bayesian methods, namely, Bayesian hierarchical model, hierarchical gamma mixture model, and Tilemap hidden Markov model. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method performs as well as the other three methods for the data from Affymetrix tiling arrays, but significantly outperforms the other three methods for the data from Agilent promoter arrays. In addition, we find that the proposed method has better operating characteristics in terms of sensitivities and false discovery rates under various scenarios. © 2010, The International Biometric Society.

6. Network inference using asynchronously updated kinetic Ising Model

CERN Document Server

Zeng, Hong-Li; Alava, Mikko; Mahmoudi, Hamed

2010-01-01

Network structures are reconstructed from dynamical data by respectively naive mean field (nMF) and Thouless-Anderson-Palmer (TAP) approximations. For TAP approximation, we use two methods to reconstruct the network: a) iteration method; b) casting the inference formula to a set of cubic equations and solving it directly. We investigate inference of the asymmetric Sherrington- Kirkpatrick (S-K) model using asynchronous update. The solutions of the sets cubic equation depend of temperature T in the S-K model, and a critical temperature Tc is found around 2.1. For T Tc there are three real roots. The iteration method is convergent only if the cubic equations have three real solutions. The two methods give same results when the iteration method is convergent. Compared to nMF, TAP is somewhat better at low temperatures, but approaches the same performance as temperature increase. Both methods behave better for longer data length, but for improvement arises, TAP is well pronounced.

7. Critical behavior of the mixed-spin Ising model with two competing dynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Godoy, Mauricio; Figueiredo, Wagner

2002-02-01

In this work we investigate the stationary states of a nonequilibrium mixed-spin Ising model on a square lattice. The model system consists of two interpenetrating sublattices of spins sigma=1/2 and S=1, and we take only nearest neighbor interactions between pairs of spins. The system is in contact with a heat bath at temperature T and subject to an external flux of energy. The contact with the heat bath is simulated by single spin flips according to the Metropolis rule, while the input of energy is mimicked by the simultaneous flipping of pairs of neighboring spins. We performed Monte Carlo simulations on this model in order to find its phase diagram in the plane of temperature T versus the competition parameter between one- and two-spin flips, p. The phase diagram of the model exhibits two ordered phases with sublattice magnetizations m(1), m(2)>0 and m(1)>0, m(2)model belongs to the universality class of the two-dimensional equilibrium Ising model.

8. Estimating regional conductivity in 2D disc head model by multidemensional support vector regression.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Xueqin; Yan, Hui; Yan, Weili; Guo, Lei

2007-01-01

In this paper, we introduce multidimensional support vector regression (MSVR) with iterative re-weight least square (IRWLS) based procedure to estimating the regional conductivity in 2D disc head model. The results show that the method is capable of determining for the regional location of the disturbed conductivity in the 2D disc head model with single tissue and estimating for the tissue conductivities in the 2D disc head model with four kinds of tissue. The estimation errors are all within a few percent.

9. Phase Transitions for Quantum Markov Chains Associated with Ising Type Models on a Cayley Tree

Science.gov (United States)

Mukhamedov, Farrukh; Barhoumi, Abdessatar; Souissi, Abdessatar

2016-05-01

The main aim of the present paper is to prove the existence of a phase transition in quantum Markov chain (QMC) scheme for the Ising type models on a Cayley tree. Note that this kind of models do not have one-dimensional analogous, i.e. the considered model persists only on trees. In this paper, we provide a more general construction of forward QMC. In that construction, a QMC is defined as a weak limit of finite volume states with boundary conditions, i.e. QMC depends on the boundary conditions. Our main result states the existence of a phase transition for the Ising model with competing interactions on a Cayley tree of order two. By the phase transition we mean the existence of two distinct QMC which are not quasi-equivalent and their supports do not overlap. We also study some algebraic property of the disordered phase of the model, which is a new phenomena even in a classical setting.

10. Spontaneous alignment of frustrated bonds in an anisotropic, three-dimensional Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Jalabert, Rodolfo A.; Sachdev, Subir

1991-07-01

The Ising model on a three-dimensional cubic lattice with all plaquettes in the x-y frustrated plane is studied by use of a Monte Carlo technique; the exchange constants are of equal magnitude, but have varying signs. At zero temperature, the model has a finite entropy and no long-range order. The low-temperature phase is characterized by an order parameter measuring the openZ4 symmetry of lattice rotations which is invariant under Mattis gauge transformation; fluctuations lead to the alignment of frustrated bonds into columns and a fourfold degeneracy. An additional factor-of-2 degeneracy is obtained from a global spin flip. The order vanishes at a critical temperature by a transition that appears to be in the universality class of the D=3, XY model. These results are consistent with the theoretical predictions of Blankschtein et al. This Ising model is related by duality to phenomenological models of two-dimensional frustrated quantum antiferromagnets.

11. The density of states for an antiferromagnetic Ising model on a triangular lattice

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

XIA Kai; YAO Xiao-yan; LIU Jun-ming

2007-01-01

The Wang-Landau algorithm is an efficient Monte Carlo approach to the density of states of a statistical mechanics system.The estimation of state density would allow the computation of thermodynamic properties of the system over the whole temperature range.We apply this sampling method to study the phase transitions in a triangular Ising model.The entropy of the lattice at zero temperature as well as other thermodynamic properties is computed.The calculated thermodynamic properties are explained in the context of the magnetic phase transition.

12. Investigation of probability theory on Ising models with different four-spin interactions

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Yuming; Teng, Baohua; Yang, Hongchun; Cui, Haijuan

2017-10-01

Based on probability theory, two types of three-dimensional Ising models with different four-spin interactions are studied. Firstly the partition function of the system is calculated by considering the local correlation of spins in a given configuration, and then the properties of the phase transition are quantitatively discussed with series expansion technique and numerical method. Meanwhile the rounding errors in this calculation is analyzed so that the possibly source of the error in the calculation based on the mean field theory is pointed out.

13. Interface delocalization in the three-dimensional Ising model with a defect plane

Science.gov (United States)

Benyoussef, A.; El Kenz, A.

1993-02-01

Using mean-field theory, the finite-cluster approximation, and the real-space renormalization group, we study the spin-1/2 Ising model on a cubic lattice with a defect plane that divides the system into two semi-infinite ones. The phase diagrams, which represent the connection between defect-plane order and wetting phenomena, are given in the case of two equivalent semi-infinite systems (the same coupling) and in the case of different semi-infinite systems. These phase diagrams are in agreement with those conjectured qualitatively by Igloi and Indekeu.

14. Approximating the Ising model on fractal lattices of dimension less than two

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Codello, Alessandro; Drach, Vincent; Hietanen, Ari

2015-01-01

We construct periodic approximations to the free energies of Ising models on fractal lattices of dimension smaller than two, in the case of a zero external magnetic field, based on the combinatorial method of Feynman and Vdovichenko. We show that the procedure is applicable to any fractal obtained...... with, possibly, arbitrary accuracy and paves the way for determination Tc of any fractal of dimension less than two. Critical exponents are more diffcult to determine since the free energy of any periodic approximation still has a logarithmic singularity at the critical point implying α = 0. We also...

15. Critical behavior of the Ising model on a hierarchical lattice with aperiodic interactions

Science.gov (United States)

We write the exact renormalization-group recursion relations for nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic Ising models on Migdal-Kadanoff hierarchical lattices with a distribution of aperiodic exchange interactions according to a class of substitutional sequences. For small geometric fluctuations, the critical behavior is unchanged with respect to the uniform case. For large fluctuations, as in the case of the Rudin-Shapiro sequence, the uniform fixed point in the parameter space cannot be reached from any physical initial conditions. We derive a criterion to check the relevance of the geometric fluctuations.

16. Ising model formulation of large scale dynamics universality in the universe

CERN Document Server

Goldman, T; Laflamme, R

1995-01-01

The partition function of a system of galaxies in gravitational interaction can be cast in an Ising Model form, and this reformulated via a Hubbard--Stratonovich transformation into a three dimensional stochastic and classical scalar field theory, whose critical exponents are calculable and known. This allows one to {\\it compute\\/} the galaxy to galaxy correlation function, whose non--integer exponent is predicted to be between 1.530 and 1.862, to be compared with the phenomenological value of 1.6 to 1.8.

17. Monte Carlos studies of critical and dynamic phenomena in mixed bond Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Santos-Filho, J. B.; Moreno, N. O.; de Albuquerque, Douglas F.

2010-11-01

The phase transition of a random mixed-bond Ising ferromagnet on a cubic lattice model is studied both numerically and analytically. In this work, we use the Metropolis and Wolff algorithm with histogram technique and finite size scaling theory to simulate the dynamics of the system. We obtained the thermodynamic quantities such as magnetization, susceptibility, and specific heat. Our results were compared with those obtained using a new technique in effective field theory that employs similar probability distribution within the framework of two-site clusters.

18. Phase Diagram and Tricritical Behavior of a Spin-2 Transverse Ising Model in a Random Field

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LIANG Ya-Qiu; WEI Guo-Zhu; SONG Li-Li; SONG Guo-Li; ZANG Shu-Liang

2004-01-01

The phase diagrams of a spin-2 transverse Ising model with a random field on honeycomb, square, and simple-cubic lattices, respectively, are investigated within the framework of an effective-field theory with correlations.We find the behavior of the tricritical point and the reentrant phenomenon for the system with any coordination number z, when the applied random field is bimodal. The behavior of the tricritical point is also examined as a function of applied transverse field. The reentrant phenomenon comes from the competition between the transverse field and the random field.

19. Phenomenological theory of surface effects in ferroelectrics and its relationship with transverse Ising model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

钟维烈; 王玉国; 张沛霖; 曲保东

1997-01-01

The relationship between the transverse field Ising model and the Landau phenomenological theory for ferroelectrics is analyzed, and the Landau free energy expression for ferroelectrics having surfaces is derived. It is pointed out that the traditional expression in which the surface integral has only a term of the square polarization is valid only for special cases, in general a term of the polarization to the four should be included as well. By use of the newly derived free energy expression, the thickness-dependence of the spontaneous polarization and Curie temperature of ferroelectric films is calculated; thereby some experimental results incompatible with the traditional phenomenological theory are successfully explained.

20. Magnetic properties of a transverse spin- Ising model with random longitudinal field

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Ya-Qiu; Wei, Guo-Zhu; Song, Guo-Li

2004-12-01

Within the framework of the effective-field theory with correlations, a spin- transverse Ising model in the longitudinal random-field on a honeycomb lattice is studied. The phase diagrams and the behavior of the tricritical point are examined. The possible re-entrance phenomena displayed by the system due to the competition effects that occur for the appropriate ranges of the random and transverse field are investigated. The longitudinal and transverse magnetizations, the longitudinal quadrupolar moments and internal energy are given numerically for a honeycomb lattice (z = 3).

1. Scaling and universality in the two-dimensional Ising model with a magnetic field.

Science.gov (United States)

Mangazeev, Vladimir V; Dudalev, Michael Yu; Bazhanov, Vladimir V; Batchelor, Murray T

2010-06-01

The scaling function of the two-dimensional Ising model on the square and triangular lattices is obtained numerically via Baxter's variational corner transfer-matrix approach. The use of Aharony-Fisher nonlinear scaling variables allowed us to perform calculations sufficiently away from the critical point and to confirm all predictions of the scaling and universality hypotheses. Our results are in excellent agreement with quantum field theory calculations of Fonseca and Zamolodchikov as well as with many previously known exact and numerical calculations, including susceptibility results by Barouch, McCoy, Tracy, and Wu.

2. Criticality in Alternating Layered Ising Models : I. Effects of connectivity and proximity

OpenAIRE

Au-Yang, Helen; Fisher, Michael E.

2013-01-01

The specific heats of exactly solvable alternating layered planar Ising models with strips of width $m_1$ lattice spacings and strong'' couplings $J_1$ sandwiched between strips of width $m_2$ and weak'' coupling $J_2$, have been studied numerically to investigate the effects of connectivity and proximity. We find that the enhancements of the specific heats of the strong layers and of the overall or bulk' critical temperature, $T_c(J_1,J_2;m_1,m_2)$, arising from the collective effects r...

3. Ground-State Phase Diagram of Transverse Spin-2 Ising Model with Longitudinal Crystal-Field

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2006-01-01

The transverse spin-2 Ising ferromagnetic model with a longitudinal crystal-field is studied within the mean-field theory based on Bogoliubov inequality for the Gibbs free energy. The ground-state phase diagram and the tricritical point are obtained in the transverse field Ω/z J-longitudinal crystal D/zJ field plane. We find that there are the first order-order phase transitions in a very smallrange of D/zJ besides the usual first order-disorder phase transitions and the second order-disorder phase transitions.

4. Phase Diagram of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model with Dipolar Interaction

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

SUN Gang; CHU Qian-Jin

2001-01-01

We treat the two-dimensional Ising model with the dipolar interaction by the numerical calculation under the restriction that the spin configurations are distributed with a 4 × 4 period. The phase diagram with respect to temperature and dipolar interaction strength is constructed. Most characters of the phase diagram are consistent with those obtained in the references by the Monte Carlo simulation, except that we find a new rectangle phase, which is ordered in the spin structure with the 1 × 2 rectangle.

5. A theory of solving TAP equations for Ising models with general invariant random matrices

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Opper, Manfred; Çakmak, Burak; Winther, Ole

2016-01-01

We consider the problem of solving TAP mean field equations by iteration for Ising models with coupling matrices that are drawn at random from general invariant ensembles. We develop an analysis of iterative algorithms using a dynamical functional approach that in the thermodynamic limit yields a...... the iteration dependent on a Gaussian distributed field only. The TAP magnetizations are stable fixed points if a de Almeida–Thouless stability criterion is fulfilled. We illustrate our method explicitly for coupling matrices drawn from the random orthogonal ensemble....

6. A HORIZONTAL 2-D HYDRAULIC NUMERICAL MODEL AND IT'S APPLICATIONS TO FLOOD FORECAST

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Minghui YU; Guolu YANG; Jinjun XU

2002-01-01

In this paper,a horizontal 2-D numerical model has been developed to simulate flow processes in dike burst. The finite difference method is used in computation. The model employs 2-D flow equations and can simulate complex flows when supercritical flow and sub-critical flow exist simultaneously such as hydraulic jumps. Several simulated results are worked out to demonstrate the applicability of the numerical model,such as flood propagation on a dry bed of a complex terrain.

7. Algebraic and group structure for bipartite anisotropic Ising model on a non-local basis

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

Entanglement is considered a basic physical resource for modern quantum applications as Quantum Information and Quantum Computation. Interactions based on specific physical systems able to generate and sustain entanglement are subject to deep research to get understanding and control on it. Atoms, ions or quantum dots are considered key pieces in quantum applications because they are elements in the development toward a scalable spin-based quantum computer through universal and basic quantum operations. Ising model is a type of interaction generating entanglement in quantum systems based on matter. In this work, a general bipartite anisotropic Ising model including an inhomogeneous magnetic field is analyzed in a non-local basis. This model summarizes several particular models presented in literature. When evolution is expressed in the Bell basis, it shows a regular block structure suggesting a SU(2) decomposition. Then, their algebraic properties are analyzed in terms of a set of physical parameters which define their group structure. In particular, finite products of pulses in this interaction are analyzed in terms of SU(4) covering. Thus, evolution denotes remarkable properties, in particular those related potentially with entanglement and control, which give a fruitful arena for further quantum developments and generalization.

8. Comparison between a coupled 1D-2D model and a fully 2D model for supercritical flow simulation in crossroads

KAUST Repository

Ghostine, Rabih

2014-12-01

In open channel networks, flow is usually approximated by the one-dimensional (1D) Saint-Venant equations coupled with an empirical junction model. In this work, a comparison in terms of accuracy and computational cost between a coupled 1D-2D shallow water model and a fully two-dimensional (2D) model is presented. The paper explores the ability of a coupled model to simulate the flow processes during supercritical flows in crossroads. This combination leads to a significant reduction in the computational time, as a 1D approach is used in branches and a 2D approach is employed in selected areas only where detailed flow information is essential. Overall, the numerical results suggest that the coupled model is able to accurately simulate the main flow processes. In particular, hydraulic jumps, recirculation zones, and discharge distribution are reasonably well reproduced and clearly identified. Overall, the proposed model leads to a 30% reduction in run times. © 2014 International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.

9. Quantum correlation and quantum phase transition in the one-dimensional extended Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xi-Zheng; Guo, Jin-Liang

2017-09-01

Quantum phase transitions can be understood in terms of Landau's symmetry-breaking theory. Following the discovery of the quantum Hall effect, a new kind of quantum phase can be classified according to topological rather than local order parameters. Both phases coexist for a class of exactly solvable quantum Ising models, for which the ground state energy density corresponds to a loop in a two-dimensional auxiliary space. Motivated by this we study quantum correlations, measured by entanglement and quantum discord, and critical behavior seen in the one-dimensional extended Ising model with short-range interaction. We show that the quantum discord exhibits distinctive behaviors when the system experiences different topological quantum phases denoted by different topological numbers. Quantum discords capability to detect a topological quantum phase transition is more reliable than that of entanglement at both zero and finite temperatures. In addition, by analyzing the divergent behaviors of quantum discord at the critical points, we find that the quantum phase transitions driven by different parameters of the model can also display distinctive critical behaviors, which provides a scheme to detect the topological quantum phase transition in practice.

10. Mixed Algorithms in the Ising Model on Directed BARABÁSI-ALBERT Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Lima, F. W. S.

On directed Barabási-Albert networks with two and seven neighbours selected by each added site, the Ising model does not seem to show a spontaneous magnetisation. Instead, the decay time for flipping of the magnetisation follows an Arrhenius law for Metropolis and Glauber algorithms, but for Wolff cluster flipping the magnetisation decays exponentially with time. On these networks the magnetisation behaviour of the Ising model, with Glauber, HeatBath, Metropolis, Wolf or Swendsen-Wang algorithm competing against Kawasaki dynamics, is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the model exhibits the phenomenon of self-organisation (= stationary equilibrium) defined in Ref. 8 when Kawasaki dynamics is not dominant in its competition with Glauber, HeatBath and Swendsen-Wang algorithms. Only for Wolff cluster flipping the magnetisation, this phenomenon occurs after an exponentially decay of magnetisation with time. The Metropolis results are independent of competition. We also study the same process of competition described above but with Kawasaki dynamics at the same temperature as the other algorithms. The obtained results are similar for Wolff cluster flipping, Metropolis and Swendsen-Wang algorithms but different for HeatBath.

11. The random-bond Ising model in 2.01 and 3 dimensions

Science.gov (United States)

Komargodski, Zohar; Simmons-Duffin, David

2017-04-01

We consider the Ising model between 2 and 4 dimensions perturbed by quenched disorder in the strength of the interaction between nearby spins. In the interval 2  group. At d  =  2 such disorder is marginally irrelevant and can be studied using conformal perturbation theory. Combining conformal perturbation theory with recent results from the conformal bootstrap we compute some scaling exponents in an expansion around d  =  2. If one trusts these computations also in d  =  3, one finds results consistent with experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, we perform a direct uncontrolled computation in d  =  3 using new results for low-lying operator dimensions and OPE coefficients in the 3d Ising model. We compare these new methods with previous studies. Finally, we comment about the O(2) model in d  =  3, where we predict a large logarithmic correction to the infrared scaling of disorder.

12. Bound states in the 3d Ising model and implications for QCD at finite temperature and density

CERN Document Server

Caselle, M; Provero, P; Zarembo, K

2002-01-01

We study the spectrum of bound states of the three dimensional Ising model in the (h,beta) plane near the critical point. We show the existence of an unbinding line, defined as the boundary of the region where bound states exist. Numerical evidence suggests that this line coincides with the beta=beta_c axis. When the 3D Ising model is considered as an effective description of hot QCD at finite density, we conjecture the correspondence between the unbinding line and the line that separates the quark-gluon plasma phase from the superconducting phase. The bound states of the Ising model are conjectured to correspond to the diquarks of the latter phase of QCD.

13. On the solution, the critical exponents and the transition equation of the simple cubic three-dimensional Ising model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoede, C.; Zandvliet, H.J.W.

2008-01-01

In a recent paper Hoede and Zandvliet introduced the concept of gauging on an equation. This enables the simulation of more complex Ising models by the simple quadratic model. The possibility of simulating the simple cubic model was defended by calculating a sequence of approximations to the transit

14. Quantum Supremacy for Simulating a Translation-Invariant Ising Spin Model

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Xun; Wang, Sheng-Tao; Duan, L.-M.

2017-01-01

We introduce an intermediate quantum computing model built from translation-invariant Ising-interacting spins. Despite being nonuniversal, the model cannot be classically efficiently simulated unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses. Equipped with the intrinsic single-instance-hardness property, a single fixed unitary evolution in our model is sufficient to produce classically intractable results, compared to several other models that rely on implementation of an ensemble of different unitaries (instances). We propose a feasible experimental scheme to implement our Hamiltonian model using cold atoms trapped in a square optical lattice. We formulate a procedure to certify the correct functioning of this quantum machine. The certification requires only a polynomial number of local measurements assuming measurement imperfections are sufficiently small.

15. Can Ising model and/or QKPZ equation properly describe reactive-wetting interface dynamics?

Science.gov (United States)

Efraim, Yael; Taitelbaum, Haim

2009-09-01

The reactive-wetting process, e.g. spreading of a liquid droplet on a reactive substrate is known as a complex, non-linear process with high sensitivity to minor fluctuations. The dynamics and geometry of the interface (triple line) between the materials is supposed to shed light on the main mechanisms of the process. We recently studied a room temperature reactive-wetting system of a small (˜ 150 μm) Hg droplet that spreads on a thin (˜ 4000 Å) Ag substrate. We calculated the kinetic roughening exponents (growth and roughness), as well as the persistence exponent of points on the advancing interface. In this paper we address the question whether there exists a well-defined model to describe the interface dynamics of this system, by performing two sets of numerical simulations. The first one is a simulation of an interface propagating according to the QKPZ equation, and the second one is a landscape of an Ising chain with ferromagnetic interactions in zero temperature. We show that none of these models gives a full description of the dynamics of the experimental reactivewetting system, but each one of them has certain common growth properties with it. We conjecture that this results from a microscopic behavior different from the macroscopic one. The microscopic mechanism, reflected by the persistence exponent, resembles the Ising behavior, while in the macroscopic scale, exemplified by the growth exponent, the dynamics looks more like the QKPZ dynamics.

16. New 2D diffraction model and its applications to terahertz parallel-plate waveguide power splitters

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Fan; Song, Kaijun; Fan, Yong

2017-02-01

A two-dimensional (2D) diffraction model for the calculation of the diffraction field in 2D space and its applications to terahertz parallel-plate waveguide power splitters are proposed in this paper. Compared with the Huygens-Fresnel principle in three-dimensional (3D) space, the proposed model provides an approximate analytical expression to calculate the diffraction field in 2D space. The diffraction filed is regarded as the superposition integral in 2D space. The calculated results obtained from the proposed diffraction model agree well with the ones by software HFSS based on the element method (FEM). Based on the proposed 2D diffraction model, two parallel-plate waveguide power splitters are presented. The splitters consist of a transmitting horn antenna, reflectors, and a receiving antenna array. The reflector is cylindrical parabolic with superimposed surface relief to efficiently couple the transmitted wave into the receiving antenna array. The reflector is applied as computer-generated holograms to match the transformed field to the receiving antenna aperture field. The power splitters were optimized by a modified real-coded genetic algorithm. The computed results of the splitters agreed well with the ones obtained by software HFSS verify the novel design method for power splitter, which shows good applied prospects of the proposed 2D diffraction model.

17. Towards an exact solution for the three-dimensional Ising model: A method of the recurrence equations for partial contractions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kocharovsky, Vitaly V., E-mail: vkochar@physics.tamu.edu [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242 (United States); Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation); Kocharovsky, Vladimir V. [Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation); Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950 (Russian Federation)

2015-10-16

We find the exact solutions for the main steps in the analysis of the three-dimensional Ising model. A method is based on a recently found rigorous theory of magnetic phase transitions in a mesoscopic lattice of spins, described as the constrained spin bosons in a Holstein–Primakoff representation. - Highlights: • Main steps towards exact solution of 3D Ising model are outlined. • Rigorous theory of the constrained spin-boson excitations is formulated. • Novel method of the recurrence equations for partial contractions is proposed.

18. Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Henze, Mogens; Gujer, W.; Mino, T.;

This book has been produced to give a total overview of the Activated Sludge Model (ASM) family at the start of 2000 and to give the reader easy access to the different models in their original versions. It thus presents ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3 together for the first time.Modelling of activated...... sludge processes has become a common part of the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. Today models are being used in design, control, teaching and research.ContentsASM3: Introduction, Comparison of ASM1 and ASM3, ASM3: Definition of compounds in the model, ASM3: Definition of processes...... in the Model, ASM3: Stoichiometry, ASM3: Kinetics, Limitations of ASM3, Aspects of application of ASM3, ASM3C: A Carbon based model, Conclusion ASM 2d: Introduction, Conceptual Approach, ASM 2d, Typical Wastewater Characteristics and Kinetic and Stoichiometric Constants, Limitations, Conclusion ASM 2...

19. The high-temperature expansion of the classical Ising model with Sz2 term

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.T. Thomaz

2012-03-01

Full Text Available We derive the high-temperature expansion of the Helmholtz free energy up to order β17 of the one-dimensional spin-S Ising model, with single-ion anisotropy term, in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field. We show that the values of some thermodynamical functions for the ferromagnetic models, in the presence of a weak magnetic field, are not small corrections to their values with h=0. This model with S=3 was applied by Kishine et al. [J.-i. Kishine et al., Phys. Rev. B, 2006, 74, 224419] to analyze experimental data of the single-chain magnet [Mn (saltmen]2 [Ni(pac2 (py2] (PF62 for T<40 K. We show that for T<35 K the thermodynamic functions of the large-spin limit model are poor approximations to their analogous spin-3 functions.

20. Minimalistic real-space renormalization of Ising and Potts Models in two dimensions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gary eWillis

2015-06-01

Full Text Available We introduce and discuss a real-space renormalization group (RSRG procedure on very small lattices, which in principle does not require any of the usual approximations, e.g. a cut-off in the expansion of the Hamiltonian in powers of the field. The procedure is carried out numerically on very small lattices (4x4 to 2x2 and implemented for the Ising Model and the q=3,4,5 Potts Models. Nevertheless, the resulting estimates of the correlation length exponent and the magnetization exponent are typically within 3% to 7% of the exact values. The 4-state Potts Model generates a third magnetic exponent which seems to be unknown in the literature. A number of questions about the meaning of certain exponents and the procedure itself arise from its use of symmetry principles and its application to the q=5 Potts Model.

1. A 2D spring model for the simulation of ultrasonic wave propagation in nonlinear hysteretic media.

Science.gov (United States)

Delsanto, P P; Gliozzi, A S; Hirsekorn, M; Nobili, M

2006-07-01

A two-dimensional (2D) approach to the simulation of ultrasonic wave propagation in nonclassical nonlinear (NCNL) media is presented. The approach represents the extension to 2D of a previously proposed one dimensional (1D) Spring Model, with the inclusion of a PM space treatment of the intersticial regions between grains. The extension to 2D is of great practical relevance for its potential applications in the field of quantitative nondestructive evaluation and material characterization, but it is also useful, from a theoretical point of view, to gain a better insight of the interaction mechanisms involved. The model is tested by means of virtual 2D experiments. The expected NCNL behaviors are qualitatively well reproduced.

2. A hidden Ising model for ChIP-chip data analysis

KAUST Repository

Mo, Q.

2010-01-28

Motivation: Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with tiling microarray (chip) experiments have been used in a wide range of biological studies such as identification of transcription factor binding sites and investigation of DNA methylation and histone modification. Hidden Markov models are widely used to model the spatial dependency of ChIP-chip data. However, parameter estimation for these models is typically either heuristic or suboptimal, leading to inconsistencies in their applications. To overcome this limitation and to develop an efficient software, we propose a hidden ferromagnetic Ising model for ChIP-chip data analysis. Results: We have developed a simple, but powerful Bayesian hierarchical model for ChIP-chip data via a hidden Ising model. Metropolis within Gibbs sampling algorithm is used to simulate from the posterior distribution of the model parameters. The proposed model naturally incorporates the spatial dependency of the data, and can be used to analyze data with various genomic resolutions and sample sizes. We illustrate the method using three publicly available datasets and various simulated datasets, and compare it with three closely related methods, namely TileMap HMM, tileHMM and BAC. We find that our method performs as well as TileMap HMM and BAC for the high-resolution data from Affymetrix platform, but significantly outperforms the other three methods for the low-resolution data from Agilent platform. Compared with the BAC method which also involves MCMC simulations, our method is computationally much more efficient. Availability: A software called iChip is freely available at http://www.bioconductor.org/. Contact: moq@mskcc.org. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

3. Damage propagation at the interface's localization-delocalization transition of the confined Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Rubio Puzzo, M. Leticia; Albano, Ezequiel V.

2002-09-01

The propagation of damage in a confined magnetic Ising film, with short-range competing magnetic fields (h) acting at opposite walls, is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Due to the presence of the fields, the film undergoes a wetting transition at a well-defined critical temperature Tw(h). In fact, the competing fields cause the occurrence of an interface between magnetic domains of different orientations. For TTw(h)] such an interface is bound (unbound) to the walls, while right at Tw(h) the interface is essentially located at the center of the film. It is found that the spatiotemporal spreading of the damage becomes considerably enhanced by the presence of the interface, which acts as a catalyst'' of the damage causing an enhancement of the total damaged area. The critical points for damage spreading are evaluated by extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit using a finite-size scaling approach. Furthermore, the wetting transition effectively shifts the location of the damage spreading critical points, as compared with the well-known critical temperature of the order-disorder transition characteristic of the Ising model. Such critical points are found to be placed within the nonwet phase.

4. The Role of Interfaces in the Propagation of Damage in the Confined Ising Model

Science.gov (United States)

Rubio Puzzo, M. Leticia; Albano, Ezequiel V.

2003-04-01

The propagation of damage in a confined magnetic Ising film, with short range competing magnetic fields (h) acting at opposite walls, is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Due to the presence of the fields, the film undergoes a wetting transition at a well defined critical temperature Tw(h). In fact, the competing fields causes the occurrence of an interface between magnetic domains of different orientation. For T Tw(h)) such interface is bounded (unbounded) to the walls, while right at Tw(h) the interface is essentially located at the center of the film. It is found that the spatio-temporal spreading of the damage becomes considerably enhanced by the presence of the interface, which act as a "catalyst" of the damage causing an enhancement of the total damaged area. The critical points for damage spreading are evaluated by extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit using a finite-size scaling approach. Furthermore, the wetting transition effectively shifts the location of the damage spreading critical points, as compared with the well known critical temperature of the order-disorder transition characteristic of the Ising model. Such a critical points are found to be placed within the non-wet phase.

5. DEVELOPMENT OF COUPLED 1D-2D MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR TIDAL RIVERS

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

XU Zu-xin; YIN Hai-long

2004-01-01

Some coupled 1D-2D hydrodynamic and water quality models depicting tidal water bodies with complex topography were presented. For the coupled models, finite element method was used to solve the governing equations so as to study tidal rivers with complex topography. Since the 1D and 2D models were coupled, the principle of model coupling was proposed to account appropriately for the factors of water level, flow and pollutant flux and the related dynamical behavior was simulated. Specifically the models were used to probe quantitative pollution contribution of receiving water from neighboring Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the pollution in the Huangpu River passing through Shanghai City. Numerical examples indicated that the developed coupled 1D-2D models are applicable in tidal river network region of Shanghai.

6. Annealed Ising model with site dilution on self-similar structures

Science.gov (United States)

Silva, V. S. T.; Andrade, R. F. S.; Salinas, S. R.

2014-11-01

We consider an Ising model on the triangular Apollonian network (AN), with a thermalized distribution of vacant sites. The statistical problem is formulated in a grand canonical ensemble, in terms of the temperature T and a chemical potential μ associated with the concentration of active magnetic sites. We use a well-known transfer-matrix method, with a number of adaptations, to write recursion relations between successive generations of this hierarchical structure. We also investigate the analogous model on the diamond hierarchical lattice (DHL). From the numerical analysis of the recursion relations, we obtain various thermodynamic quantities. In the μ →∞ limit, we reproduce the results for the uniform models: in the AN, the system is magnetically ordered at all temperatures, while in the DHL there is a ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition at a finite value of T . Magnetic ordering, however, is shown to disappear for sufficiently large negative values of the chemical potential.

7. Ising-like agent-based technology diffusion model: adoption patterns vs. seeding strategies

CERN Document Server

Laciana, Carlos E

2010-01-01

The well-known Ising model used in statistical physics was adapted to a social dynamics context to simulate the adoption of a technological innovation. The model explicitly combines (a) an individual's perception of the advantages of an innovation and (b) social influence from members of the decision-maker's social network. The micro-level adoption dynamics are embedded into an agent-based model that allows exploration of macro-level patterns of technology diffusion throughout systems with different configurations (number and distributions of early adopters, social network topologies). In the present work we carry out many numerical simulations. We find that when the gap between the individual's perception of the options is high, the adoption speed increases if the dispersion of early adopters grows. Another test was based on changing the network topology by means of stochastic connections to a common opinion reference (hub), which resulted in an increment in the adoption speed. Finally, we performed a simula...

8. Wake effects characterization using wake oscillator model. Comparison on 2D response with experiments

CERN Document Server

Gaurier, Benoît; Cébron, David

2010-01-01

A model using wake oscillators is developed to predict the 2D motion in a transverse plan of two rigid cylinders in tandem arrangement. This model of the wake dynamics is validated with experimental data from previous trials which took place at the Ifremer flume tank in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. The agreement between the model and the experimental results allows using this model as a simple computational tool in the prediction of 2D Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) and, after some futher developments, Wake-Induced Oscillations (WIO) effects.

9. Non-Markovian Persistence at the PC point of a 1d non-equilibrium kinetic Ising model

CERN Document Server

Menyhard, N; Menyhard, Nora; Odor, Geza

1997-01-01

One-dimensional non-equilibrium kinetic Ising models evolving under the competing effect of spin flips at zero temperature and nearest neighbour spin exchanges exhibiting a parity-conserving (PC) phase transition on the level of kinks are investigated here numerically from the point of view of the underlying spin system. The dynamical persistency exponent $\\Theta$ and the exponent $lambda$ characterising the two-time autocorrelation function of the total magnetization under non-equilibrium conditions are reported. It is found that the PC transition has strong effect: the process becomes non-Markovian and the above exponents exhibit drastic changes as compared to the Glauber-Ising case.

10. Tidal regime in Gulf of Kutch, west coast of India, by 2D model

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Unnikrishnan, A; Gouveia, A; Vethamony, P.

A 2D barotropic numerical model is developed for the Gulf of Kutch with a view to synthesize available information on tides and currents in the Gulf. A comparison of model results with moored current meter observations shows that the model...

11. Analysis of vegetation effect on waves using a vertical 2-D RANS model

Science.gov (United States)

A vertical two-dimensional (2-D) model has been applied in the simulation of wave propagation through vegetated water bodies. The model is based on an existing model SOLA-VOF which solves the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the finite difference method on a staggered rectangula...

12. Simulation of Cardiac Arrhythmias Using a 2D Heterogeneous Whole Heart Model.

Science.gov (United States)

Balakrishnan, Minimol; Chakravarthy, V Srinivasa; Guhathakurta, Soma

2015-01-01

Simulation studies of cardiac arrhythmias at the whole heart level with electrocardiogram (ECG) gives an understanding of how the underlying cell and tissue level changes manifest as rhythm disturbances in the ECG. We present a 2D whole heart model (WHM2D) which can accommodate variations at the cellular level and can generate the ECG waveform. It is shown that, by varying cellular-level parameters like the gap junction conductance (GJC), excitability, action potential duration (APD) and frequency of oscillations of the auto-rhythmic cell in WHM2D a large variety of cardiac arrhythmias can be generated including sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sinus pause, junctional rhythm, Wolf Parkinson White syndrome and all types of AV conduction blocks. WHM2D includes key components of the electrical conduction system of the heart like the SA (Sino atrial) node cells, fast conducting intranodal pathways, slow conducting atriovenctricular (AV) node, bundle of His cells, Purkinje network, atrial, and ventricular myocardial cells. SA nodal cells, AV nodal cells, bundle of His cells, and Purkinje cells are represented by the Fitzhugh-Nagumo (FN) model which is a reduced model of the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model. The atrial and ventricular myocardial cells are modeled by the Aliev-Panfilov (AP) two-variable model proposed for cardiac excitation. WHM2D can prove to be a valuable clinical tool for understanding cardiac arrhythmias.

13. Spin-3/2 Ising model AFM/AFM two-layer lattice with crystal field

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Erhan Albayrak; Ali Yigit

2009-01-01

The spin-3/2 Ising model is investigated for the case of antiferromagnetic (AFM/AFM) interactions on the two-layer Bethe lattice by using the exact recursion relations in the pairwise approach for given coordination numbers q = 3, 4 and 6 when the layers are under the influences of equal external magnetic and equal crystal fields. The ground state, (GS) phase diagrams are obtained on the different planes in detail and then the temperature-dependent phase diagrams of the system are calculated accordingly. It is observed that the system presents both second- and first-order phase transitions for all q, therefore, tricritical points. It is also found that the system exhibits double-critical end points and isolated points. The model aiso presents two Néel temperatures, T_N, and the existence of which leads to the reentrant behaviour.

14. Mixed spin Ising model with four-spin interaction and random crystal field

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benayad, N., E-mail: n.benayad@fsac.ac.ma [Groupe de Mecanique Statistique, Laboratoire de physique theorique et appliquee, Faculte des sciences-Aien Chock, Universite Hassan II-Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20100 (Morocco); Laboratoire de physique des hautes energies et de la matiere condensee, Faculte des sciences-Aien Chock, Universite Hassan II-Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20100 (Morocco); Ghliyem, M. [Groupe de Mecanique Statistique, Laboratoire de physique theorique et appliquee, Faculte des sciences-Aien Chock, Universite Hassan II-Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20100 (Morocco); Laboratoire de physique des hautes energies et de la matiere condensee, Faculte des sciences-Aien Chock, Universite Hassan II-Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20100 (Morocco)

2012-01-01

The effects of fluctuations of the crystal field on the phase diagram of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model with four-spin interactions are investigated within the finite cluster approximation based on a single-site cluster theory. The state equations are derived for the two-dimensional square lattice. It has been found that the system exhibits a variety of interesting features resulting from the fluctuation of the crystal field interactions. In particular, for low mean value D of the crystal field, the critical temperature is not very sensitive to fluctuations and all transitions are of second order for any value of the four-spin interactions. But for relatively high D, the transition temperature depends on the fluctuation of the crystal field, and the system undergoes tricritical behaviour for any strength of the four-spin interactions. We have also found that the model may exhibit reentrance for appropriate values of the system parameters.

15. Entanglement and quantum phase transition in the Heisenberg-Ising model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Tan Xiao-Dong; Jin Bai-Qi; Gao Wei

2013-01-01

We use the quantum renormalization-group (QRG) method to study the entanglement and quantum phase transition (QPT) in the one-dimensional spin-l/2 Heisenberg-Ising model [Lieb E,Schultz T and Mattis D 1961 Ann.Phys.(N.Y.)16 407].We find the quantum phase boundary of this model by investigating the evolution of concurrence in terms of QRG iterations.We also investigate the scaling behavior of the system close to the quantum critical point,which shows that the minimum value of the first derivative of concurrence and the position of the minimum scale with an exponent of the system size.Also,the first derivative of concurrence between two blocks diverges at the quantum critical point,which is directly associated with the divergence of the correlation length.

16. Thermodynamic geometry of a kagome Ising model in a magnetic field

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mirza, B., E-mail: b.mirza@cc.iut.ac.ir [Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Talaei, Z., E-mail: zs_talaie@ph.iut.ac.ir [Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2013-02-15

We derived the thermodynamic curvature of the Ising model on a kagome lattice under the presence of an external magnetic field. The curvature was found to have a singularity at the critical point. We focused on the zero field case to derive thermodynamic curvature and its components near the criticality. According to standard scaling, scalar curvature R behaves as |β−β{sub c}|{sup α−2} for α>0 where β is the inverse temperature and α is the critical exponent of specific heat. In the model considered here in which α is zero, we found that R behaves as |β−β{sub c}|{sup α−1}.

17. The square lattice Ising model on the rectangle I: Finite systems

CERN Document Server

Hucht, Alfred

2016-01-01

The partition function of the square lattice Ising model on the rectangle is calculated exactly for arbitrary system size $L\\times M$ and temperature. We start with the dimer method of Kasteleyn, McCoy & Wu, construct a highly symmetric block transfer matrix and derive a factorization of the involved determinant, effectively decomposing the free energy into two parts, $F(L,M)=F_{\\infty}^{\\leftrightarrow}(L,M)+F_\\mathrm{res}^{\\leftrightarrow}(L,M)$. The residual part $F_\\mathrm{res}^{\\leftrightarrow}(L,M)$ contains the nontrivial finite-size contributions and becomes exponentially small for large $L/M$ and off-critical temperatures. It is given by the determinant of a $\\frac{M}{2}\\times\\frac{M}{2}$ matrix and can be mapped onto an effective spin model with $M$ spins and long-range interactions. The relations to the Casimir potential and the Casimir force scaling functions are discussed.

18. Quantum Phase Transition in the Two-Dimensional Random Transverse-Field Ising Model

Science.gov (United States)

Pich, C.; Young, A. P.

1998-03-01

We study the quantum phase transition in the random transverse-field Ising model by Monte Carlo simulations. In one-dimension it has been established that this system has the following striking behavior: (i) the dynamical exponent is infinite, and (ii) the exponents for the divergence of the average and typical correlation lengths are different. An important issue is whether this behavior is special to one-dimension or whether similar behavior persists in higher dimensions. Here we attempt to answer this question by studies of the two-dimensional model. Our simulations use the Wolff cluster algorithm and the results are analyzed by anisotropic finite size scaling, paying particular attention to the Binder ratio of moments of the order parameter distribution and the distribution of the spin-spin correlation functions for various distances.

19. Universal Finite Size Corrections and the Central Charge in Non-solvable Ising Models

Science.gov (United States)

Giuliani, Alessandro; Mastropietro, Vieri

2013-11-01

We investigate a non-solvable two-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model with nearest neighbor plus weak finite range interactions of strength λ. We rigorously establish one of the predictions of Conformal Field Theory (CFT), namely the fact that at the critical temperature the finite size corrections to the free energy are universal, in the sense that they are exactly independent of the interaction. The corresponding central charge, defined in terms of the coefficient of the first subleading term to the free energy, as proposed by Affleck and Blote-Cardy-Nightingale, is constant and equal to 1/2 for all and λ 0 a small but finite convergence radius. This is one of the very few cases where the predictions of CFT can be rigorously verified starting from a microscopic non solvable statistical model. The proof uses a combination of rigorous renormalization group methods with a novel partition function inequality, valid for ferromagnetic interactions.

20. The bulk, surface and corner free energies of the square lattice Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Baxter, R. J.

2017-01-01

We use Kaufman’s spinor method to calculate the bulk, surface and corner free energies {f}{{b}},{f}{{s}},{f}{{s}}\\prime ,{f}{{c}} of the anisotropic square lattice zero-field Ising model for the ordered ferromagnetic case. For {f}{{b}},{f}{{s}},{f}{{s}}\\prime our results of course agree with the early work of Onsager, McCoy and Wu. We also find agreement with the conjectures made by Vernier and Jacobsen (VJ) for the isotropic case. We note that the corner free energy f c depends only on the elliptic modulus k that enters the working, and not on the argument v, which means that VJ’s conjecture applies for the full anisotropic model. The only aspect of this paper that is new is the actual derivation of f c, but by reporting all four free energies together we can see interesting structures linking them.

1. Hierarchy of correlations for the Ising model in the Majorana representation

Science.gov (United States)

Gómez-León, Álvaro

2017-08-01

We study the quantum Ising model in D dimensions with the equation-of-motion technique and the Majorana representation for spins. The decoupling scheme used for the Green's functions is based on the hierarchy of correlations in position space. To lowest order, this method reproduces the well-known mean field phase diagram and critical exponents. When correlations between spins are included, we show how the appearance of thermal fluctuations and magnons strongly affects the physical properties. In one dimension and for B =0 we demonstrate that, to first order in correlations, thermal fluctuations completely destroy the ordered phase. For nonvanishing transverse field we show that the model exhibits different behavior than its classical counterpart, especially near the quantum critical point. We discuss the connection with the Dyson's equation formalism and the explicit form of the self-energies.

2. From Spin Ladders to the 2-d O(3) Model at Non-Zero Density

CERN Document Server

Chandrasekharan, S; Wiese, U J

2002-01-01

The numerical simulation of various field theories at non-zero chemical potential suffers from severe complex action problems. In particular, QCD at non-zero quark density can presently not be simulated for that reason. A similar complex action problem arises in the 2-d O(3) model -- a toy model for QCD. Here we construct the 2-d O(3) model at non-zero density via dimensional reduction of an antiferromagnetic quantum spin ladder in a magnetic field. The complex action problem of the 2-d O(3) model manifests itself as a sign problem of the ladder system. This sign problem is solved completely with a meron-cluster algorithm.

3. Study of the 2-d CP(N-1) models at \\theta=0 and \\pi

CERN Document Server

Beard, B B; Riederer, S; Wiese, U J

2005-01-01

We present numerical results for 2-d CP(N-1) models at \\theta=0 and \\pi obtained in the D-theory formulation. In this formulation we construct an efficient cluster algorithm and we show numerical evidence for a first order transition for CP(N-1\\geq 2) models at \\theta = \\pi. By a finite size scaling analysis, we also discuss the equivalence in the continuum limit of the D-theory formulation of the 2-d CP(N-1) models and the usual lattice definition.

4. Stable spins in the zero temperature spinodal decomposition of 2D Potts models

Science.gov (United States)

Derrida, B.; de Oliveira, P. M. C.; Stauffer, D.

1996-02-01

We present the results of zero temperature Monte Carlo simulations of the q-state Potts model on a square lattice with either four or eight neighbors, and for the triangular lattice with six neighbors. In agreement with previous works, we observe that the domain growth process gets blocked for the nearest-neighbor square lattice when q is large enough, whereas for the eight neighbor square lattice and for the triangular lattice no blocking is observed. Our simulations indicate that the number of spins which never flipped from the beginning of the simulation up to time t follows a power law as a function of the energy, even in the case of blocking. The exponent of this power law varies from less than {sol1}/{2} for the Ising case (1 q = 2) to 2 for q → ∞ and seems to be universal. The effect of blocking on this exponent is invisible at least up to q = 7.

5. Properties of the ground state in a spin-2 transverse Ising model with the presence of a crystal field

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

姜伟; 魏国柱; 杜安; 张起

2002-01-01

The properties of the ground state in the spin-2 transverse Ising model with the presence of a crystal field arestudied by using the effective-field theory with correlations. The longitudinal and transverse magnetizations, the phasediagram and the internal energy in the ground state are given numerically for a honeycomb lattice (z=3).

6. Properties of the ground state in a spin—2 transverse Ising model with the presence of a srystal field

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

姜伟; 魏国柱; 等

2002-01-01

The properties of the ground state in the spin-2 transverse Ising model with the presence of a crystal of a crystal field are studied by using the effective-field theory with correlations,The longitudinal and transverse magnetizations,the phase diagram and the internal energy in the ground state are given numerically for a honeycomb lattice(z=3).

7. 2D and 3D modelling of magnetic and resistivity data from Aespoe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mattsson, Haakan (GeoVista AB, Luleaa (Sweden))

2011-05-15

This report presents results from modelling of geophysical data. Ground magnetic and geo electric data were collected in 1988 as part of the pre-investigations carried out before the construction of the Aespoe Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL). The work presented in this report is an evaluation of the magnetic and geo electric data with the focus on estimating variations in geometry and dip of some of the possible deformation zones indicated in lineament interpretations presented earlier. This was done by 2D forward magnetic modelling, 2D forward resistivity modelling and 3D inversion of the magnetic data. The specific aims of this work are: 1. Produce magnetic 2D forward models across 12 selected linked lineaments. 2. Produce a 3D susceptibility model of the entire data set of Aespoe. 3. Use 2D forward resistivity modelling to produce electric anomaly response diagrams for a dipole-dipole survey across low resistivity zones with various dips. The results of the modelling work will mainly be used as supportive information for deterministic geological modelling of deformation zones and rock units in the vicinity of the Aespoe HRL. The results of the 2D forward modelling of magnetic data show geologically reasonable solutions, and in most cases it is possible to make reliable estimates of the width and orientation of the cause of the targeted lineament. The possible deformation zones generally dip steeply (80 deg-90 deg) and have a width of c. 30-50 m. In some cases the modelled lineament has a diffuse character with low amplitude, which makes the model solution uncertain. Two 3D susceptibility models were created by use of inversion of the ground magnetic data; one coarse model of the entire Island of Aespoe and one more detailed model of the south-eastern peninsula of the Island, covering the volume of the Aespoe HRL. The two models fit nicely to the measured data and they are geologically realistic. It is possible to identify well-defined bodies (rock volumes) of

8. 2D/3D velocity model for the high resolution 2D and 3D seismic data from the CO2SINK Ketzin Project

Science.gov (United States)

Ivanova, A.; Asch, G.; Lueth, S.; Goetz, J.

2009-04-01

Seismic traveltime inversion, traveltime tomography and seismic reflection techniques have been applied for two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) data acquired in conjunction with characterization and monitoring aspects at a carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage site at Ketzin, Germany (the CO2SINK project) (S.Yordkayhun, 2008). A seismic source comparison from the 2D pilot study regarding acquisition parameters have been tested at the side has shown the weight drop source is suitable concerning the signal penetration, frequency content of the data and minimizing time and costs for the 3D data acquisition. For the Ketzin seismic data, the ability to obtain an accurate 2D/3D interval velocity model is limited by the acquisition geometry, source-generated noise and time shifts due to the near-surface effects producing severe distortions in the data. Moreover, these time shifts are comparable to the dominant periods of the reflections and to the size of structures to be imaged. Therefore, a combination of seismic refraction and state-of-the-art processing techniques, including careful static corrections and more accurate velocity analysis, has resulted in key improvements of the images and has allowed new information about the 2D/3D interval velocities. The results from these studies together with borehole information, hydrogeologic models and seismic modeling will be combined into an integrated 2D/3D velocity model. After that a careful 2D/3D depth migration is to be provided. It can be used as a database for the future monitoring program at the site.

9. 2-D magnetotelluric modeling using finite element method incorporating unstructured quadrilateral elements

Science.gov (United States)

Sarakorn, Weerachai

2017-04-01

In this research, the finite element (FE) method incorporating quadrilateral elements for solving 2-D MT modeling was presented. The finite element software was developed, employing a paving algorithm to generate the unstructured quadrilateral mesh. The accuracy, efficiency, reliability, and flexibility of our FE forward modeling are presented, compared and discussed. The numerical results indicate that our FE codes using an unstructured quadrilateral mesh provide good accuracy when the local mesh refinement is applied around sites and in the area of interest, with superior results when compared to other FE methods. The reliability of the developed codes was also confirmed when comparing both analytical solutions and COMMEMI2D model. Furthermore, our developed FE codes incorporating an unstructured quadrilateral mesh showed useful and powerful features such as handling irregular and complex subregions and providing local refinement of the mesh for a 2-D domain as closely as unstructured triangular mesh but it requires less number of elements in a mesh.

10. Bringing Kano’s Perspective to AHP: The 2D-AHP Decision Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jung Uk

2016-12-01

Full Text Available AHP and the Kano model are such prevalent TQM tools that it may be surprising that a true hybrid decision-making model has so far eluded researchers. The quest for a hybrid approach is complicated by the differing output perspective of each model, namely discrete ranking (AHP versus a multi-dimensional picture (Kano. This paper presents a hybrid model of AHP and Kano model, so called two-dimension AHP (2D-AHP.

11. Evaluation of 2D shallow-water model for spillway flow with a complex geometry

Science.gov (United States)

Although the two-dimensional (2D) shallow water model is formulated based on several assumptions such as hydrostatic pressure distribution and vertical velocity is negligible, as a simple alternative to the complex 3D model, it has been used to compute water flows in which these assumptions may be ...

12. Comparison between 2D turbulence model ESEL and experimental data from AUG and COMPASS tokamaks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ondac, Peter; Horacek, Jan; Seidl, Jakub;

2015-01-01

In this article we have used the 2D fluid turbulence numerical model, ESEL, to simulate turbulent transport in edge tokamak plasma. Basic plasma parameters from the ASDEX Upgrade and COMPASS tokamaks are used as input for the model, and the output is compared with experimental observations obtained...

13. Validity of Mixed 2D and 3D Cadastral Parcels in the Land Administration Domain Model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thompson, R.J.; Van Oosterom, P.J.M.

2012-01-01

In the move towards a 3D Cadastre, many jurisdictions are considering a hybrid 2D/3D database as either a stage of development or as a target in itself (van Oosterom, Stoter, Ploeger, Thompson and Karki 2011). The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), which is the underlying model for the ISO 191

14. Reentrant transitions of a mixed-spin Ising model on the diced lattice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.Jascur

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Magnetic behaviour of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model on the diced lattice is studied using an exact star-triangle mapping transformation. It is found that the uniaxial as well as biaxial single-ion anisotropy acting on the spin-1 sites may potentially cause a reentrant transition with two consecutive critical points. Contrary to this, the effect of next-nearest-neighbour interaction between the spin-1/2 sites possibly leads to a reentrant transition with three critical temperatures in addition to the one with two critical points only. The shape of the total magnetization versus temperature dependence is particularly investigated for the case of ferrimagnetically ordered system.

15. Effective-Field Theory for Kinetic Ising Model on Honeycomb Lattice

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

SHI Xiao-Ling; WEI Guo-Zhu

2009-01-01

As an analytical method, the effective-field theory (EFT) is used to study the dynamical response of the kinetic Ising model in the presence of a sinusoidal oscillating field. The effective-field equations of motion of the average magnetization are given for the honeycomb lattice (Z = 3). The Liapunov exponent A is calculated for discussing the stability of the magnetization and it is used to determine the phase boundary. In the field amplitude ho / Z J-temperature T/ Z J plane, the phase boundary separating the dynamic ordered and the disordered phase has been drawn. In contrast to previous analytical results that predicted a tricritical point separating a dynamic phase boundary line of continuous and discontinuous transitions, we find that the transition is always continuous. There is inconsistency between our results and previous analytical restdts, because they do not introduce sufficiently strong fluctuations.

16. Non-equilibrium steady states in two-temperature Ising models with Kawasaki dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Borchers, Nick; Pleimling, Michel; Zia, R. K. P.

2013-03-01

From complex biological systems to a simple simmering pot, thermodynamic systems held out of equilibrium are exceedingly common in nature. Despite this, a general theory to describe these types of phenomena remains elusive. In this talk, we explore a simple modification of the venerable Ising model in hopes of shedding some light on these issues. In both one and two dimensions, systems attached to two distinct heat reservoirs exhibit many of the hallmarks of phase transition. When such systems settle into a non-equilibrium steady-state they exhibit numerous interesting phenomena, including an unexpected `freezing by heating.'' There are striking and surprising similarities between the behavior of these systems in one and two dimensions, but also intriguing differences. These phenomena will be explored and possible approaches to understanding the behavior will be suggested. Supported by the US National Science Foundation through Grants DMR-0904999, DMR-1205309, and DMR-1244666

17. Magnetic Quantum Phase Transitions of a Kondo Lattice Model with Ising Anisotropy

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Jian-Xin; Kirchner, Stefan; Si, Qimiao; Grempel, Daniel R.; Bulla, Ralf

2006-03-01

We study the Kondo Lattice model with Ising anisotropy, within an extended dynamical mean field theory (EDMFT) in the presence or absence of antiferromagnetic ordering. The EDMFT equations are studied using both the Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and Numerical Renormalization Group (NRG) methods. We discuss the overall magnetic phase diagram by studying the evolution, as a function of the ratio of the RKKY interaction and bare Kondo scale, of the local spin susceptibility, magnetic order parameter, and the effective Curie constant of a nominally paramagnetic solution with a finite moment. We show that, within the numerical accuracy, the quantum magnetic transition is second order. The local quantum critical aspect of the transition is also discussed.

18. Motif based hierarchical random graphs: structural properties and critical points of an Ising model

CERN Document Server

Kotorowicz, M; 10.5488/CMP.14.13801

2011-01-01

A class of random graphs is introduced and studied. The graphs are constructed in an algorithmic way from five motifs which were found in [Milo R., Shen-Orr S., Itzkovitz S., Kashtan N., Chklovskii D., Alon U., Science, 2002, 298, 824-827]. The construction scheme resembles that used in [Hinczewski M., A. Nihat Berker, Phys. Rev. E, 2006, 73, 066126], according to which the short-range bonds are non-random, whereas the long-range bonds appear independently with the same probability. A number of structural properties of the graphs have been described, among which there are degree distributions, clustering, amenability, small-world property. For one of the motifs, the critical point of the Ising model defined on the corresponding graph has been studied.

19. Estimates of critical quantities from an expansion in mass: Ising model on the simple cubic lattice

CERN Document Server

2015-01-01

In Ising model on the simple cubic lattice, we describe the inverse temperature $\\beta$ and other quantities relevant for the computation of critical quantities in terms of a dimensionless squared mass $M$. The critical behaviors of those quantities are represented by the linear differential equations with constant coefficients which are related to critical exponents. We estimate the critical temperature and exponents via an expansion in the inverse powers of the mass under the use of $\\delta$-expansion. The critical inverse temperature $\\beta_{c}$ is estimated first in unbiased manner and then critical exponents are also estimated in biased and unbiased self-contained way including $\\omega$, the correction-to-scaling exponent, $\ 20. Partition and Correlation Functions of a Freely Crossed Network Using Ising Model-Type Interactions CERN Document Server Saito, Akira 2016-01-01 We set out to determine the partition and correlation functions of a network under the assumption that its elements are freely connected, with an Ising model-type interaction energy associated with each connection. The partition function is obtained from all combinations of loops on the free network, while the correlation function between two elements is obtained based on all combinations of routes between these points, as well as all loops on the network. These functions allow measurement of the dynamics over the whole of any network, regardless of its form. Furthermore, even as parts are added to the network, the partition and correlation functions can still be obtained. As an example, we obtain the partition and correlation functions in a crystal system under the repeated addition of fixed parts. 1. High-Temperature Cutoff Approximation of the 3D Kinetic Ising Model Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) ZHU JianYang; YANG ZhanRu 2001-01-01 A single-spin transition critical dynamics is used to investigate the three-dimensional kinetic Ising model on an anisotropic cubic lattice. We first derive the fundamental dynamical equations, and then linearize them by a cutoff approximation. We obtain the approximate solutions of the local magnetization and equal-time pair correlation function in zero field. In which the axial-decoupling terms γ1γ2, γ2γ3 and γ1γ3 as higher infinitesimal quantity are ignored, where γa = tanh(2kα) = tanh(2Jα/kβT) (α = 1,2,3). We think that it is reasonable as the temperature of the system is very high. The result of what we obtain in this paper can go back to the one-dimensional Glauber's theory as long as k2 = k3= 0. 2. The cellular Ising model: a framework for phase transitions in multicellular environments. Science.gov (United States) Weber, Marc; Buceta, Javier 2016-06-01 Inspired by the Ising model, we introduce a gene regulatory network that induces a phase transition that coordinates robustly the behaviour of cell ensembles. The building blocks of the design are the so-called toggle switch interfaced with two quorum sensing modules, Las and Lux. We show that as a function of the transport rate of signalling molecules across the cell membrane the population undergoes a spontaneous symmetry breaking from cells individually switching their phenotypes to a global collective phenotypic organization. By characterizing the critical behaviour, we reveal some properties, such as phenotypic memory and hypersensitivity, with relevance in the field of synthetic biology. We argue that our results can be extrapolated to other multicellular systems and be a generic framework for collective decision-making processes. © 2016 The Author(s). 3. Depinning transition and thermal fluctuations in the random-field Ising model. Science.gov (United States) Roters, L; Hucht, A; Lübeck, S; Nowak, U; Usadel, K D 1999-11-01 We analyze the depinning transition of a driven interface in the three-dimensional (3D) random field Ising model (RFIM) with quenched disorder by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The interface initially built into the system is perpendicular to the [111] direction of a simple cubic lattice. We introduce an algorithm which is capable of simulating such an interface independent of the considered dimension and time scale. This algorithm is applied to the 3D RFIM to study both the depinning transition and the influence of thermal fluctuations on this transition. It turns out that in the RFIM characteristics of the depinning transition depend crucially on the existence of overhangs. Our analysis yields critical exponents of the interface velocity, the correlation length, and the thermal rounding of the transition. We find numerical evidence for a scaling relation for these exponents and the dimension d of the system. 4. Spin-Polarization of Ferroelectric Supperlattice with Spin-1/2 Transverse Ising Model Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) WANG Chun-Dong; TENG Bao-Hua; LU Zhen-Zhen; KWOK So-Ying 2011-01-01 By using the simple decoupling approximation to Fermi-type Green's function for the transverse Ising model under pseudospin theory, we systemically study the influence of different exchange interactions (transverse fields) of the two distinct materials on the polarization and Curie temperature of finite alternating superlattice. Meanwhile,we analyze the effect of the whole parameters of the top surface, present their influence on the polarization of each layer (including the mean polarization of the whole ferroelectric superlattice) and on the Curie temperature. The results show the ratio of the exchange interactions (the transverse fields), which are of the two alternating materials have deeply impact on the polarization and Curie temperature of the supperlattice. Moreover, the top surface also has great influence on the whole ferroelectric superlattice. 5. Monte Carlo analysis of critical phenomenon of the Ising model on memory stabilizer structures Science.gov (United States) Viteri, C. Ricardo; Tomita, Yu; Brown, Kenneth R. 2009-10-01 We calculate the critical temperature of the Ising model on a set of graphs representing a concatenated three-bit error-correction code. The graphs are derived from the stabilizer formalism used in quantum error correction. The stabilizer for a subspace is defined as the group of Pauli operators whose eigenvalues are +1 on the subspace. The group can be generated by a subset of operators in the stabilizer, and the choice of generators determines the structure of the graph. The Wolff algorithm, together with the histogram method and finite-size scaling, is used to calculate both the critical temperature and the critical exponents of each structure. The simulations show that the choice of stabilizer generators, both the number and the geometry, has a large effect on the critical temperature. 6. Monte Carlo analysis of critical phenomenon of the Ising model on memory stabilizer structures CERN Document Server Viteri, C Ricardo; Brown, Kenneth R 2009-01-01 We calculate the critical temperature of the Ising model on a set of graphs representing a concatenated three-bit error-correction code. The graphs are derived from the stabilizer formalism used in quantum error correction. The stabilizer for a subspace is defined as the group of Pauli operators whose eigenvalues are +1 on the subspace. The group can be generated by a subset of operators in the stabilizer, and the choice of generators determines the structure of the graph. The Wolff algorithm, together with the histogram method and finite-size scaling, is used to calculate both the critical temperature and the critical exponents of each structure. The simulations show that the choice of stabilizer generators, both the number and the geometry, has a large effect on the critical temperature. 7. Quantum phase transition of the transverse-field quantum Ising model on scale-free networks. Science.gov (United States) Yi, Hangmo 2015-01-01 I investigate the quantum phase transition of the transverse-field quantum Ising model in which nearest neighbors are defined according to the connectivity of scale-free networks. Using a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo simulation method and the finite-size scaling analysis, I identify the quantum critical point and study its scaling characteristics. For the degree exponent λ=6, I obtain results that are consistent with the mean-field theory. For λ=4.5 and 4, however, the results suggest that the quantum critical point belongs to a non-mean-field universality class. Further simulations indicate that the quantum critical point remains mean-field-like if λ>5, but it continuously deviates from the mean-field theory as λ becomes smaller. 8. Behavior of Early Warnings near the Critical Temperature in the Two-Dimensional Ising Model Science.gov (United States) Morales, Irving O.; Landa, Emmanuel; Angeles, Carlos Calderon; Toledo, Juan C.; Rivera, Ana Leonor; Temis, Joel Mendoza; Frank, Alejandro 2015-01-01 Among the properties that are common to complex systems, the presence of critical thresholds in the dynamics of the system is one of the most important. Recently, there has been interest in the universalities that occur in the behavior of systems near critical points. These universal properties make it possible to estimate how far a system is from a critical threshold. Several early-warning signals have been reported in time series representing systems near catastrophic shifts. The proper understanding of these early-warnings may allow the prediction and perhaps control of these dramatic shifts in a wide variety of systems. In this paper we analyze this universal behavior for a system that is a paradigm of phase transitions, the Ising model. We study the behavior of the early-warning signals and the way the temporal correlations of the system increase when the system is near the critical point. PMID:26103513 9. Quantum phase transition of the transverse-field quantum Ising model on scale-free networks Science.gov (United States) Yi, Hangmo 2015-01-01 I investigate the quantum phase transition of the transverse-field quantum Ising model in which nearest neighbors are defined according to the connectivity of scale-free networks. Using a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo simulation method and the finite-size scaling analysis, I identify the quantum critical point and study its scaling characteristics. For the degree exponent λ =6 , I obtain results that are consistent with the mean-field theory. For λ =4.5 and 4, however, the results suggest that the quantum critical point belongs to a non-mean-field universality class. Further simulations indicate that the quantum critical point remains mean-field-like if λ >5 , but it continuously deviates from the mean-field theory as λ becomes smaller. 10. Rhythmic behavior in a two-population mean field Ising model CERN Document Server Collet, Francesca; Tovazzi, Daniele 2016-01-01 Many real systems comprised of a large number of interacting components, as for instance neural networks , may exhibit collective periodic behavior even though single components have no natural tendency to behave periodically. Macroscopic oscillations are indeed one of the most common self-organized behavior observed in living systems. In the present paper we study some dynamical features of a two-population generalization of the mean field Ising model with the scope of investigating simple mechanisms capable to generate rhythm in large groups of interacting individuals. We show that the system may undergo a transition from a disordered phase, where the magnetization of each population fluctuates closely around zero, to a phase in which they both display a macroscopic regular rhythm. In particular, there exists a region in the parameter space where having two groups of spins with inter- and intra-population interactions of different strengths suffices for the emergence of a robust periodic behavior. 11. FPGA Hardware Acceleration of Monte Carlo Simulations for the Ising Model CERN Document Server Ortega-Zamorano, Francisco; Cannas, Sergio A; Jerez, José M; Franco, Leonardo 2016-01-01 A two-dimensional Ising model with nearest-neighbors ferromagnetic interactions is implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board.Extensive Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using an efficient hardware representation of individual spins and a combined global-local LFSR random number generator. Consistent results regarding the descriptive properties of magnetic systems, like energy, magnetization and susceptibility are obtained while a speed-up factor of approximately 6 times is achieved in comparison to previous FPGA-based published works and almost$10^4$times in comparison to a standard CPU simulation. A detailed description of the logic design used is given together with a careful analysis of the quality of the random number generator used. The obtained results confirm the potential of FPGAs for analyzing the statistical mechanics of magnetic systems. 12. Rhythmic behavior in a two-population mean-field Ising model Science.gov (United States) Collet, Francesca; Formentin, Marco; Tovazzi, Daniele 2016-10-01 Many real systems composed of a large number of interacting components, as, for instance, neural networks, may exhibit collective periodic behavior even though single components have no natural tendency to behave periodically. Macroscopic oscillations are indeed one of the most common self-organized behavior observed in living systems. In the present paper we study some dynamical features of a two-population generalization of the mean-field Ising model with the scope of investigating simple mechanisms capable to generate rhythms in large groups of interacting individuals. We show that the system may undergo a transition from a disordered phase, where the magnetization of each population fluctuates closely around zero, to a phase in which they both display a macroscopic regular rhythm. In particular, there exists a region in the parameter space where having two groups of spins with inter- and intrapopulation interactions of different strengths suffices for the emergence of a robust periodic behavior. 13. OPE Coefficients of the 3D Ising model with a trapping potential CERN Document Server Costagliola, Gianluca 2015-01-01 Recently the OPE coefficients of the 3D Ising model universality class have been calculated by studying the two-point functions perturbed from the critical point with a relevant field. We show that this method can be applied also when the perturbation is performed with a relevant field coupled to a non uniform potential acting as a trap. This setting is described by the trap size scaling ansatz, that can be combined with the general framework of the conformal perturbation in order to write down the correlators $$,$$ and$$, from which the OPE coefficients can be estimated. We find$C^{\\sigma}_{\\sigma\\epsilon}= 1.051(3)$, in agreement with the results already known in the literature, and$C^{\\epsilon}_{\\epsilon\\epsilon}= 1.32 (15)$, confirming and improving the previous estimate obtained in the uniform perturbation case. 14. The scaling window of the 5D Ising model with free boundary conditions Science.gov (United States) Lundow, P. H.; Markström, K. 2016-10-01 The five-dimensional Ising model with free boundary conditions has recently received a renewed interest in a debate concerning the finite-size scaling of the susceptibility near the critical temperature. We provide evidence in favour of the conventional scaling picture, where the susceptibility scales as L2 inside a critical scaling window of width 1 /L2. Our results are based on Monte Carlo data gathered on system sizes up to L = 79 (ca. three billion spins) for a wide range of temperatures near the critical point. We analyse the magnetisation distribution, the susceptibility and also the scaling and distribution of the size of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn cluster containing the origin. The probability of this cluster reaching the boundary determines the correlation length, and its behaviour agrees with the mean field critical exponent δ = 3, that the scaling window has width 1 /L2. 15. Applicability of n-vicinity method for calculation of free energy of Ising model Science.gov (United States) Kryzhanovsky, Boris; Litinskii, Leonid 2017-02-01 Here we apply the n-vicinity method of approximate calculation of the partition function to an Ising Model with the nearest neighbor interaction on D-dimensional hypercube lattice. We solve the equation of state for an arbitrary dimension D and analyze the behavior of the free energy. As expected, for large dimensions (D ≥ 3) the system demonstrates a phase transition of the second kind. In this case, we obtain a simple analytical expression for the critical value of the inverse temperature. When 3 ≤ D ≤ 7 this expression is in a very good agreement with the results of computer simulations. In the case of small dimensions (D = 1 , 2), there is a noticeable discrepancy with the known exact results. 16. Correlation functions of the one-dimensional random field Ising model at zero temperature CERN Document Server Farhi, E; Farhi, Edward; Gutmann, Sam 1993-01-01 We consider the one-dimensional random field Ising model, where the spin-spin coupling,$J$, is ferromagnetic and the external field is chosen to be$+h$with probability$p$and$-h$with probability$1-p$. At zero temperature, we calculate an exact expression for the correlation length of the quenched average of the correlation function$\\langle s_0 s_n \\rangle - \\langle s_0 \\rangle \\langle s_n \\rangle$in the case that$2J/h$is not an integer. The result is a discontinuous function of$2J/h$. When$p = {1 \\over 2}$, we also place a bound on the correlation length of the quenched average of the correlation function$\\langle s_0 s_n \\rangle$. 17. Behavior of Early Warnings near the Critical Temperature in the Two-Dimensional Ising Model. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Irving O Morales Full Text Available Among the properties that are common to complex systems, the presence of critical thresholds in the dynamics of the system is one of the most important. Recently, there has been interest in the universalities that occur in the behavior of systems near critical points. These universal properties make it possible to estimate how far a system is from a critical threshold. Several early-warning signals have been reported in time series representing systems near catastrophic shifts. The proper understanding of these early-warnings may allow the prediction and perhaps control of these dramatic shifts in a wide variety of systems. In this paper we analyze this universal behavior for a system that is a paradigm of phase transitions, the Ising model. We study the behavior of the early-warning signals and the way the temporal correlations of the system increase when the system is near the critical point. 18. Critical Casimir force scaling functions of the two-dimensional Ising model for various boundary conditions CERN Document Server Hobrecht, Hendrik 2016-01-01 We present a systematic method to calculate the scaling functions for the critical Casimir force and the according potential of the two-dimensional Ising model with various boundary conditions. Therefore we start with the dimer representation of the corresponding partition function$Z$on an$L\\times M$square lattice, wrapped around a torus with aspect ratio$\\rho=L/M$. By assuming periodic boundary conditions and translational invariance in at least one direction, we systematically reduce the problem to a$2\\times2$transfer matrix representation. For the torus we first reproduce the results by Kaufman and then give a detailed calculation of the scaling functions. Afterwards we present the calculation for the cylinder with open boundary conditions. All scaling functions are given in form of combinations of infinite products and integrals. Our results reproduce the known scaling functions in the limit of thin films$\\rho\\to 0\$. Additionally, for the cylinder at criticality our result confirms the predictions...

19. Scaling of geometric phase versus band structure in cluster-Ising models

Science.gov (United States)

Nie, Wei; Mei, Feng; Amico, Luigi; Kwek, Leong Chuan

2017-08-01

We study the phase diagram of a class of models in which a generalized cluster interaction can be quenched by an Ising exchange interaction and external magnetic field. The various phases are studied through winding numbers. They may be ordinary phases with local order parameters or exotic ones, known as symmetry protected topologically ordered phases. Quantum phase transitions with dynamical critical exponents z =1 or z =2 are found. In particular, the criticality is analyzed through finite-size scaling of the geometric phase accumulated when the spins of the lattice perform an adiabatic precession. With this study, we quantify the scaling behavior of the geometric phase in relation to the topology and low-energy properties of the band structure of the system.

20. Image segmentation and classification based on a 2D distributed hidden Markov model

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Xiang; Schonfeld, Dan; Khokhar, Ashfaq

2008-01-01

In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional distributed hidden Markovmodel (2D-DHMM), where dependency of the state transition probability on any state is allowed as long as causality is preserved. The proposed 2D-DHMM model is result of a novel solution to a more general non-causal two-dimensional hidden Markovmodel (2D-HMM) that we proposed. Our proposed models can capture, for example, dependency among diagonal states, which can be critical in many image processing applications, for example, image segmentation. A new sets of basic image patterns are designed to enrich the variability of states, which in return largely improves the accuracy of state estimations and segmentation performance. We provide three algorithms for the training and classification of our proposed model. A new Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm suitable for estimation of the new model is derived, where a novel General Forward-Backward (GFB) algorithm is proposed for recursive estimation of the model parameters. A new conditional independent subset-state sequence structure decomposition of state sequences is proposed for the 2D Viterbi algorithm. Application to aerial image segmentation shows the superiority of our model compared to the existing models.

1. On the two-dimensional dynamical Ising model in the phase coexistence region

Science.gov (United States)

Martinelli, F.

1994-09-01

We consider a Glauber dynamics reversible with respect to the two-dimensional Ising model in a finite square of side L, in the absence of an external field and at large inverse temperature β. We first consider the gap in the spectrum of the generator of the dynamics in two different cases: with plus and open boundary conditions. We prove that, when the symmetry under global spin flip is broken by the boundary conditions, the gap is much larger than the case in which the symmetry is present. For this latter we compute exactly the asymptotics of -(1/β L) log(gap) as L→∞ and show that it coincides with the surface tension along one of the coordinate axes. As a consequence we are able to study quite precisely the large deviations in time of the magnetization and to obtain an upper bound on the spin-spin time correlation in the infinite-volume plus phase. Our results establish a connection between the dynamical large deviations and those of the equilibrium Gibbs measure studied by Shlosman in the framework of the rigorous description of the Wulff shape for the Ising model. Finally we show that, in the case of open boundary conditions, it is possible to rescale the time with L in such a way that, as L→∞, the finite-dimensional distributions of the time-rescaled magnetization converge to those of a symmetric continuous-time Markov chain on the two-state space {- m *(β), m *(β)}, m *(β) being the spontaneous magnetization. Our methods rely upon a novel combination of techniques for bounding from below the gap of symmetric Markov chains on complicated graphs, developed by Jerrum and Sinclair in their Markov chain approach to hard computational problems, and the idea of introducing "block Glauber dynamics" instead of the standard single-site dynamics, in order to put in evidence more effectively the effect of the boundary conditions in the approach to equilibrium.

2. The Ising model: from elliptic curves to modular forms and Calabi-Yau equations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bostan, A [INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, B.P. 105 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France); Boukraa, S [LPTHIRM and Departement d' Aeronautique, Universite de Blida, Blida (Algeria); Hassani, S; Zenine, N [Centre de Recherche Nucleaire d' Alger, 2 Bd. Frantz Fanon, BP 399, 16000 Alger (Algeria); Van Hoeij, M [Florida State University, Department of Mathematics, 1017 Academic Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4510 (United States); Maillard, J-M [LPTMC, UMR 7600 CNRS, Universite de Paris, Tour 23, 5eme etage, Case 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 (France); Weil, J-A, E-mail: alin.bostan@inria.fr, E-mail: boukraa@mail.univ-blida.dz, E-mail: hoeij@mail.math.fsu.edu, E-mail: maillard@lptmc.jussieu.fr, E-mail: jacques-arthur.weil@unilim.fr, E-mail: njzenine@yahoo.com [XLIM, Universite de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex (France)

2011-01-28

We show that almost all the linear differential operators factors obtained in the analysis of the n-particle contributions of the susceptibility of the Ising model for n {<=} 6 are linear differential operators associated with elliptic curves. Beyond the simplest differential operators factors which are homomorphic to symmetric powers of the second order operator associated with the complete elliptic integral E, the second and third order differential operators Z{sub 2}, F{sub 2}, F{sub 3}, L-tilde {sub 3} can actually be interpreted as modular forms of the elliptic curve of the Ising model. A last order-4 globally nilpotent linear differential operator is not reducible to this elliptic curve, modular form scheme. This operator is shown to actually correspond to a natural generalization of this elliptic curve, modular form scheme, with the emergence of a Calabi-Yau equation, corresponding to a selected {sub 4}F{sub 3} hypergeometric function. This hypergeometric function can also be seen as a Hadamard product of the complete elliptic integral K, with a remarkably simple algebraic pull-back (square root extension), the corresponding Calabi-Yau fourth order differential operator having a symplectic differential Galois group SP(4,C). The mirror maps and higher order Schwarzian ODEs, associated with this Calabi-Yau ODE, present all the nice physical and mathematical ingredients we had with elliptic curves and modular forms, in particular an exact (isogenies) representation of the generators of the renormalization group, extending the modular group SL(2,Z) to a GL(2,Z) symmetry group.

3. Non-trivial \\theta-Vacuum Effects in the 2-d O(3) Model

CERN Document Server

Bögli, Michael; Pepe, Michele; Wiese, Uwe-Jens

2011-01-01

We study \\theta-vacua in the 2-d lattice O(3) model using the standard action and an optimized constraint action with very small cut-off effects, combined with the geometric topological charge. Remarkably, dislocation lattice artifacts do not spoil the non-trivial continuum limit at \\theta\\ non-zero, and there are different continuum theories for each value of \\theta. A very precise Monte Carlo study of the step scaling function indirectly confirms the exact S-matrix of the 2-d O(3) model at \\theta = \\pi.

4. Topological defect formation in 1D and 2D spin chains realized by network of optical parametric oscillators

CERN Document Server

Hamerly, Ryan; Inagaki, Takahiro; Takesue, Hiroki; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa; Mabuchi, Hideo

2016-01-01

A network of optical parametric oscillators is used to simulate classical Ising and XY spin chains. The collective nonlinear dynamics of this network, driven by quantum noise rather than thermal fluctuations, seeks out the Ising / XY ground state as the system transitions from below to above the lasing threshold. We study the behavior of this "Ising machine" for three canonical problems: a 1D ferromagnetic spin chain, a 2D square lattice, and problems where next-nearest-neighbor couplings give rise to frustration. If the pump turn-on time is finite, topological defects form (domain walls for the Ising model, winding number and vortices for XY) and their density can be predicted from a numerical model involving a linear "growth stage" and a nonlinear "saturation stage". These predictions are compared against recent data for a 10,000-spin 1D Ising machine.

5. Topological defect formation in 1D and 2D spin chains realized by network of optical parametric oscillators

Science.gov (United States)

Hamerly, Ryan; Inaba, Kensuke; Inagaki, Takahiro; Takesue, Hiroki; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa; Mabuchi, Hideo

2016-09-01

A network of optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) is used to simulate classical Ising and XY spin chains. The collective nonlinear dynamics of this network, driven by quantum noise rather than thermal fluctuations, seeks out the Ising/XY ground state as the system transitions from below to above the lasing threshold. We study the behavior of this “Ising machine” for three canonical problems: a 1D ferromagnetic spin chain, a 2D square lattice and problems where next-nearest-neighbor couplings give rise to frustration. If the pump turn-on time is finite, topological defects form (domain walls for the Ising model, winding number and vortices for XY) and their density can be predicted from a numerical model involving a linear “growth stage” and a nonlinear “saturation stage”. These predictions are compared against recent data for a 10,000-spin 1D Ising machine.

6. Thermal entanglement of a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on a symmetrical diamond chain.

Science.gov (United States)

Ananikian, N S; Ananikyan, L N; Chakhmakhchyan, L A; Rojas, Onofre

2012-06-27

The entanglement quantum properties of a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on a symmetrical diamond chain were analyzed. Due to the separable nature of the Ising-type exchange interactions between neighboring Heisenberg dimers, calculation of the entanglement can be performed exactly for each individual dimer. Pairwise thermal entanglement was studied in terms of the isotropic Ising-Heisenberg model and analytical expressions for the concurrence (as a measure of bipartite entanglement) were obtained. The effects of external magnetic field H and next-nearest neighbor interaction J(m) between nodal Ising sites were considered. The ground state structure and entanglement properties of the system were studied in a wide range of coupling constant values. Various regimes with different values of ground state entanglement were revealed, depending on the relation between competing interaction strengths. Finally, some novel effects, such as the two-peak behavior of concurrence versus temperature and coexistence of phases with different values of magnetic entanglement, were observed.

7. The simulation of 3D mass models in 2D digital mammography and breast tomosynthesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shaheen, Eman, E-mail: eman.shaheen@uzleuven.be; De Keyzer, Frederik; Bosmans, Hilde; Ongeval, Chantal Van [Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven (Belgium); Dance, David R.; Young, Kenneth C. [National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford GU2 7XX, United Kingdom and Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH (United Kingdom)

2014-08-15

Purpose: This work proposes a new method of building 3D breast mass models with different morphological shapes and describes the validation of the realism of their appearance after simulation into 2D digital mammograms and breast tomosynthesis images. Methods: Twenty-five contrast enhanced MRI breast lesions were collected and each mass was manually segmented in the three orthogonal views: sagittal, coronal, and transversal. The segmented models were combined, resampled to have isotropic voxel sizes, triangularly meshed, and scaled to different sizes. These masses were referred to as nonspiculated masses and were then used as nuclei onto which spicules were grown with an iterative branching algorithm forming a total of 30 spiculated masses. These 55 mass models were projected into 2D projection images to obtain mammograms after image processing and into tomographic sequences of projection images, which were then reconstructed to form 3D tomosynthesis datasets. The realism of the appearance of these mass models was assessed by five radiologists via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis when compared to 54 real masses. All lesions were also given a breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) score. The data sets of 2D mammography and tomosynthesis were read separately. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance was used for the interrater observer agreement assessment for the BIRADS scores per modality. Further paired analysis, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, of the BIRADS assessment between 2D and tomosynthesis was separately performed for the real masses and for the simulated masses. Results: The area under the ROC curves, averaged over all observers, was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [0.50, 0.66]) for the 2D study, and 0.67 (95% confidence interval [0.55, 0.79]) for the tomosynthesis study. According to the BIRADS scores, the nonspiculated and the spiculated masses varied in their degrees of malignancy from normal (BIRADS 1) to highly

8. The simulation of 3D mass models in 2D digital mammography and breast tomosynthesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Shaheen, Eman; De Keyzer, Frederik; Bosmans, Hilde; Dance, David R; Young, Kenneth C; Van Ongeval, Chantal

2014-08-01

This work proposes a new method of building 3D breast mass models with different morphological shapes and describes the validation of the realism of their appearance after simulation into 2D digital mammograms and breast tomosynthesis images. Twenty-five contrast enhanced MRI breast lesions were collected and each mass was manually segmented in the three orthogonal views: sagittal, coronal, and transversal. The segmented models were combined, resampled to have isotropic voxel sizes, triangularly meshed, and scaled to different sizes. These masses were referred to as nonspiculated masses and were then used as nuclei onto which spicules were grown with an iterative branching algorithm forming a total of 30 spiculated masses. These 55 mass models were projected into 2D projection images to obtain mammograms after image processing and into tomographic sequences of projection images, which were then reconstructed to form 3D tomosynthesis datasets. The realism of the appearance of these mass models was assessed by five radiologists via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis when compared to 54 real masses. All lesions were also given a breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) score. The data sets of 2D mammography and tomosynthesis were read separately. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance was used for the interrater observer agreement assessment for the BIRADS scores per modality. Further paired analysis, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, of the BIRADS assessment between 2D and tomosynthesis was separately performed for the real masses and for the simulated masses. The area under the ROC curves, averaged over all observers, was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [0.50, 0.66]) for the 2D study, and 0.67 (95% confidence interval [0.55, 0.79]) for the tomosynthesis study. According to the BIRADS scores, the nonspiculated and the spiculated masses varied in their degrees of malignancy from normal (BIRADS 1) to highly suggestive for malignancy (BIRADS 5

9. Impact of high speed civil transports on stratospheric ozone. A 2-D model investigation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kinnison, D.E.; Connell, P.S. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)

1997-12-31

This study investigates the effect on stratospheric ozone from a fleet of proposed High Speed Civil Transports (HSCTs). The new LLNL 2-D operator-split chemical-radiative-transport model of the troposphere and stratosphere is used for this HSCT investigation. This model is integrated in a diurnal manner, using an implicit numerical solver. Therefore, rate coefficients are not modified by any sort of diurnal average factor. This model also does not make any assumptions on lumping of chemical species into families. Comparisons to previous model-derived HSCT assessment of ozone change are made, both to the previous LLNL 2-D model and to other models from the international assessment modeling community. The sensitivity to the NO{sub x} emission index and sulfate surface area density is also explored. (author) 7 refs.

10. Hemodynamic simulation of the heart using a 2D model and MR data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2002-01-01

Computational models of the blood flow in the heart are a useful tool for studying the functioning of the heart. The purpose of this thesis is to achieve a better understanding of hemodynamics of the normal and diseased hearts through the use of a computational model and magnetic resonance (MR......) data. We present a 2D computational model of the blood flow in the left side of the heart. The work is based on Peskin and McQueen's 2D model dimensioned to data on the dog heart, which we improve and adjust using physiological knowledge and MR velocity data to achieve a model of the human heart...... parameter values. This is our reference model, which gives representative simulation results. We compare a simulation using our reference model with an MR velocity data set obtained from a healthy human. The comparison is carried out for the intraventricular velocity field and the velocity time curves over...

11. Corner wetting in the two-dimensional Ising model: Monte Carlo results

Science.gov (United States)

Albano, E. V.; DeVirgiliis, A.; Müller, M.; Binder, K.

2003-01-01

Square L × L (L = 24-128) Ising lattices with nearest neighbour ferromagnetic exchange are considered using free boundary conditions at which boundary magnetic fields ± h are applied, i.e., at the two boundary rows ending at the lower left corner a field +h acts, while at the two boundary rows ending at the upper right corner a field -h acts. For temperatures T less than the critical temperature Tc of the bulk, this boundary condition leads to the formation of two domains with opposite orientations of the magnetization direction, separated by an interface which for T larger than the filling transition temperature Tf (h) runs from the upper left corner to the lower right corner, while for T interface is localized either close to the lower left corner or close to the upper right corner. Numerous theoretical predictions for the critical behaviour of this 'corner wetting' or 'wedge filling' transition are tested by Monte Carlo simulations. In particular, it is shown that for T = Tf (h) the magnetization profile m(z) in the z-direction normal to the interface is simply linear and the interfacial width scales as w propto L, while for T > Tf (h) it scales as w proptosurd L. The distribution P (ell) of the interface position ell (measured along the z-direction from the corners) decays exponentially for T Tf (h). Furthermore, the Monte Carlo data are compatible with langleellrangle propto (Tf (h) - T)-1 and a finite size scaling of the total magnetization according to M(L, T) = tilde M {(1 - T/Tf (h))nubot L} with nubot = 1. Unlike the findings for critical wetting in the thin film geometry of the Ising model, the Monte Carlo results for corner wetting are in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

12. Is the full susceptibility of the square-lattice Ising model a differentially algebraic function?

Science.gov (United States)

Guttmann, A. J.; Jensen, I.; Maillard, J.-M.; Pantone, J.

2016-12-01

We study the class of non-holonomic power series with integer coefficients that reduce, modulo primes, or powers of primes, to algebraic functions. In particular we try to determine whether the susceptibility of the square-lattice Ising model belongs to this class, and more broadly whether the susceptibility is a solution of a differentially algebraic equation. Initial results on Tutte's nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) and other simple quadratic nonlinear ODEs suggest that a large set of differentially algebraic power series solutions with integer coefficients might reduce to algebraic functions modulo primes, or powers of primes. Since diagonals of rational functions are well-known to reduce, modulo primes, or powers of primes, to algebraic functions, a large subset of differentially algebraic power series with integer coefficients may be viewed as a natural ‘nonlinear’ generalisation of diagonals of rational functions. Here we give several examples of series with integer coefficients and non-zero radius of convergence that reduce to algebraic functions modulo (almost) every prime (or power of a prime). These examples satisfy differentially algebraic equations with the encoding polynomial occasionally possessing quite high degree (and thus difficult to identify even with long series). These examples shed important light on the very nature of such differentially algebraic series. Additionally, we have extended both the high- and low-temperature Ising square-lattice susceptibility series to 5043 coefficients. We find that even this long series is insufficient to determine whether it reduces to algebraic functions modulo 3, 5, etc. This negative result is in contrast to the comparatively easy confirmation that the corresponding series reduce to algebraic functions modulo powers of 2. Finally we show that even with 5043 terms we are unable to identify an underlying differentially algebraic equation for the susceptibility, ruling out a number of

13. Long-range Ising model for credit portfolios with heterogeneous credit exposures

Science.gov (United States)

Kato, Kensuke

2016-11-01

We propose the finite-size long-range Ising model as a model for heterogeneous credit portfolios held by a financial institution in the view of econophysics. The model expresses the heterogeneity of the default probability and the default correlation by dividing a credit portfolio into multiple sectors characterized by credit rating and industry. The model also expresses the heterogeneity of the credit exposure, which is difficult to evaluate analytically, by applying the replica exchange Monte Carlo method to numerically calculate the loss distribution. To analyze the characteristics of the loss distribution for credit portfolios with heterogeneous credit exposures, we apply this model to various credit portfolios and evaluate credit risk. As a result, we show that the tail of the loss distribution calculated by this model has characteristics that are different from the tail of the loss distribution of the standard models used in credit risk modeling. We also show that there is a possibility of different evaluations of credit risk according to the pattern of heterogeneity.

14. Comparative study of an Eden model for the irreversible growth of spins and the equilibrium Ising model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Candia, Julian; Albano, Ezequiel V.

2001-06-01

The magnetic Eden model (MEM) [N. Vandewalle and M. Ausloos, Phys. Rev. E >50, R635 (1994)] with ferromagnetic interactions between nearest-neighbor spins is studied in (d+1)-dimensional rectangular geometries for d=1,2. In the MEM, magnetic clusters are grown by adding spins at the boundaries of the clusters. The orientation of the added spins depends on both the energetic interaction with already deposited spins and the temperature, through a Boltzmann factor. A numerical Monte Carlo investigation of the MEM has been performed and the results of the simulations have been analyzed using finite-size scaling arguments. As in the case of the Ising model, the MEM in d=1 is noncritical (only exhibits an ordered phase at T=0). In d=2 the MEM exhibits an order-disorder transition of second order at a finite temperature. Such transition has been characterized in detail and the relevant critical exponents have been determined. These exponents are in agreement (within error bars) with those of the Ising model in two dimensions. Further similarities between both models have been found by evaluating the probability distribution of the order parameter, the magnetization, and the susceptibility. Results obtained by means of extensive computer simulations allow us to put forward a conjecture that establishes a nontrivial correspondence between the MEM for the irreversible growth of spins and the equilibrium Ising model. This conjecture is certainly a theoretical challenge and its confirmation will contribute to the development of a framework for the study of irreversible growth processes.

15. Linking market interaction intensity of 3D Ising type financial model with market volatility

Science.gov (United States)

Fang, Wen; Ke, Jinchuan; Wang, Jun; Feng, Ling

2016-11-01

Microscopic interaction models in physics have been used to investigate the complex phenomena of economic systems. The simple interactions involved can lead to complex behaviors and help the understanding of mechanisms in the financial market at a systemic level. This article aims to develop a financial time series model through 3D (three-dimensional) Ising dynamic system which is widely used as an interacting spins model to explain the ferromagnetism in physics. Through Monte Carlo simulations of the financial model and numerical analysis for both the simulation return time series and historical return data of Hushen 300 (HS300) index in Chinese stock market, we show that despite its simplicity, this model displays stylized facts similar to that seen in real financial market. We demonstrate a possible underlying link between volatility fluctuations of real stock market and the change in interaction strengths of market participants in the financial model. In particular, our stochastic interaction strength in our model demonstrates that the real market may be consistently operating near the critical point of the system.

16. Strict System Equivalence of 2D Linear Discrete State Space Models

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohamed S. Boudellioua

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The connection between the polynomial matrix descriptions (PMDs of the well-known regular and singular 2D linear discrete state space models is considered. It is shown that the transformation of strict system equivalence in the sense of Fuhrmann provides the basis for this connection. The exact form of the transformation is established for both the regular and singular cases.

17. Breach modelling by overflow with TELEMAC 2D: Comparison with large-scale experiments

Science.gov (United States)

An erosion law has been implemented in TELEMAC 2D to represent the surface erosion process to model the breach formation of a levee. We focus on homogeneous and earth fill levee to simplify this first implementation. The first part of this study reveals the ability of this method to represent simu...

18. Parallelized CCHE2D flow model with CUDA Fortran on Graphics Process Units

Science.gov (United States)

This paper presents the CCHE2D implicit flow model parallelized using CUDA Fortran programming technique on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). A parallelized implicit Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) solver using Parallel Cyclic Reduction (PCR) algorithm on GPU is developed and tested. This solve...

19. Analysis of Korean Students' International Mobility by 2-D Model: Driving Force Factor and Directional Factor

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Elisa L.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamics of Korean students' international mobility to study abroad by using the 2-D Model. The first D, "the driving force factor," explains how and what components of the dissatisfaction with domestic higher education perceived by Korean students drives students' outward mobility to seek…

20. New technologies of 2-D and 3-D modeling for analysis and management of natural resources

Science.gov (United States)

Cheremisina, E. N.; Lyubimova, A. V.; Kirpicheva, E. Yu.

2016-09-01

For ensuring technological support of research and administrative activity in the sphere of environmental management a specialized modular program complex was developed. The special attention in developing a program complex is focused to creation of convenient and effective tools for creation and visualization 2d and 3D models providing the solution of tasks of the analysis and management of natural resources.

1. Coupled BOUSS-2D and CMS-Wave Modeling Approach for Harbor Projects

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-01

al. 2011; Demirbilek et al. 2007) is part of the Coastal Modeling System ( CMS ) for simulating combined waves, currents, sediment transport, and...III. 2011. Verification and Validation of the Coastal Modeling System : Report 2, CMS -Wave, Tech. Report ERDC/CHL-TR-11-10, U.S. Army Engineer R&D...ERDC/CHL CHETN-IV-84 August 2012 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Coupled BOUSS-2D and CMS -Wave Modeling Approach for

2. Structure of a model salt bridge in solution investigated with 2D-IR spectroscopy

CERN Document Server

Huerta-Viga, Adriana; Amirjalayer, Saeed; Woutersen, Sander

2013-01-01

Salt bridges are known to be important for the stability of protein conformation, but up to now it has been difficult to study their geometry in solution. Here we characterize the spatial structure of a model salt bridge between guanidinium (Gdm+) and acetate (Ac-) using two-dimensional vibrational (2D-IR) spectroscopy. We find that as a result of salt bridging the infrared response of Gdm+ and Ac- change significantly, and in the 2D-IR spectrum, salt bridging of the molecules appears as cross peaks. From the 2D-IR spectrum we determine the relative orientation of the transition-dipole moments of the vibrational modes involved in the salt bridge, as well as the coupling between them. In this manner we reconstruct the geometry of the solvated salt bridge.

3. Ising Critical Behavior of Inhomogeneous Curie-Weiss Models and Annealed Random Graphs

Science.gov (United States)

Dommers, Sander; Giardinà, Cristian; Giberti, Claudio; van der Hofstad, Remco; Prioriello, Maria Luisa

2016-11-01

We study the critical behavior for inhomogeneous versions of the Curie-Weiss model, where the coupling constant {J_{ij}(β)} for the edge {ij} on the complete graph is given by {J_{ij}(β)=β w_iw_j/( {sum_{kin[N]}w_k})}. We call the product form of these couplings the rank-1 inhomogeneous Curie-Weiss model. This model also arises [with inverse temperature {β} replaced by {sinh(β)} ] from the annealed Ising model on the generalized random graph. We assume that the vertex weights {(w_i)_{iin[N]}} are regular, in the sense that their empirical distribution converges and the second moment converges as well. We identify the critical temperatures and exponents for these models, as well as a non-classical limit theorem for the total spin at the critical point. These depend sensitively on the number of finite moments of the weight distribution. When the fourth moment of the weight distribution converges, then the critical behavior is the same as on the (homogeneous) Curie-Weiss model, so that the inhomogeneity is weak. When the fourth moment of the weights converges to infinity, and the weights satisfy an asymptotic power law with exponent {τ} with {τin(3,5)}, then the critical exponents depend sensitively on {τ}. In addition, at criticality, the total spin {S_N} satisfies that {S_N/N^{(τ-2)/(τ-1)}} converges in law to some limiting random variable whose distribution we explicitly characterize.

4. Multicanonical analysis of the plaquette-only gonihedric Ising model and its dual

Science.gov (United States)

Mueller, Marco; Johnston, Desmond A.; Janke, Wolfhard

2014-11-01

The three-dimensional purely plaquette gonihedric Ising model and its dual are investigated to resolve inconsistencies in the literature for the values of the inverse transition temperature of the very strong temperature-driven first-order phase transition that is apparent in the system. Multicanonical simulations of this model allow us to measure system configurations that are suppressed by more than 60 orders of magnitude compared to probable states. With the resulting high-precision data, we find excellent agreement with our recently proposed nonstandard finite-size scaling laws for models with a macroscopic degeneracy of the low-temperature phase by challenging the prefactors numerically. We find an overall consistent inverse transition temperature of β∞=0.551334(8) from the simulations of the original model both with periodic and fixed boundary conditions, and the dual model with periodic boundary conditions. For the original model with periodic boundary conditions, we obtain the first reliable estimate of the interface tension σ=0.12037(18), using the statistics of suppressed configurations.

5. Multicanonical analysis of the plaquette-only gonihedric Ising model and its dual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Mueller

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The three-dimensional purely plaquette gonihedric Ising model and its dual are investigated to resolve inconsistencies in the literature for the values of the inverse transition temperature of the very strong temperature-driven first-order phase transition that is apparent in the system. Multicanonical simulations of this model allow us to measure system configurations that are suppressed by more than 60 orders of magnitude compared to probable states. With the resulting high-precision data, we find excellent agreement with our recently proposed nonstandard finite-size scaling laws for models with a macroscopic degeneracy of the low-temperature phase by challenging the prefactors numerically. We find an overall consistent inverse transition temperature of β∞=0.551334(8 from the simulations of the original model both with periodic and fixed boundary conditions, and the dual model with periodic boundary conditions. For the original model with periodic boundary conditions, we obtain the first reliable estimate of the interface tension σ=0.12037(18, using the statistics of suppressed configurations.

6. Multicanonical analysis of the plaquette-only gonihedric Ising model and its dual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, Marco, E-mail: Marco.Mueller@itp.uni-leipzig.de [Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Leipzig, Postfach 100 920, D-04009 Leipzig (Germany); Johnston, Desmond A., E-mail: D.A.Johnston@hw.ac.uk [Department of Mathematics and the Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland (United Kingdom); Janke, Wolfhard, E-mail: Wolfhard.Janke@itp.uni-leipzig.de [Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Leipzig, Postfach 100 920, D-04009 Leipzig (Germany)

2014-11-15

The three-dimensional purely plaquette gonihedric Ising model and its dual are investigated to resolve inconsistencies in the literature for the values of the inverse transition temperature of the very strong temperature-driven first-order phase transition that is apparent in the system. Multicanonical simulations of this model allow us to measure system configurations that are suppressed by more than 60 orders of magnitude compared to probable states. With the resulting high-precision data, we find excellent agreement with our recently proposed nonstandard finite-size scaling laws for models with a macroscopic degeneracy of the low-temperature phase by challenging the prefactors numerically. We find an overall consistent inverse transition temperature of β{sup ∞}=0.551334(8) from the simulations of the original model both with periodic and fixed boundary conditions, and the dual model with periodic boundary conditions. For the original model with periodic boundary conditions, we obtain the first reliable estimate of the interface tension σ=0.12037(18), using the statistics of suppressed configurations.

7. A novel explicit 2D+t cyclic shape model applied to echocardiography.

Science.gov (United States)

Casero, Ramón; Noble, J Alison

2008-01-01

In this paper, we propose a novel explicit 2D+t cyclic shape model that extends the Point Distribution Model (PDM) to shapes like myocardial contours with cyclic dynamics. We also propose an extension to Procrustes alignment that removes pose and subject size variability while maintaining dynamic effects. Our model draws on ideas from Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Kernel PCA (KPCA) and solves 3 shortcomings of previous implicit models: (1) cardiac cycles in the data set do not each need to have the same number of frames, (2) the required number of subjects for statistically significant results is substantially reduced and (3) the displacement of contour points incorporates time as an explicit variable. We illustrate our method by computing models of the myocardium in the 4 principal planes of 2D+t echocardiography data.

8. Modeling Overlapping Laminations in Magnetic Core Materials Using 2-D Finite-Element Analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Bogi Bech; Guest, Emerson David; Mecrow, Barrie C.

2015-01-01

and a composite material is created, which has the same magnetization characteristic. The benefit of this technique is that it allows a designer to perform design and optimization of magnetic cores with overlapped laminations using a 2-D FE model rather than a 3-D FE model, which saves modeling and simulation...... time. The modeling technique is verified experimentally by creating a composite material of a lap joint with a 3-mm overlapping region and using it in a 2-D FE model of a ring sample made up of a stack of 20 laminations. The B-H curve of the simulated ring sample is compared with the B-H curve obtained...

9. Generic 2-D River Network Modeling of Flow and Sediment Transports

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, W.; Wang, C.; Xiang, X.; Ma, T.

2012-04-01

A generic 2D river network model of flow and sediment transports is proposed for the flow and sediment simulation in the complex river network. The paper expands the three-step method adopted in the 1D river network to the 2D river network simulation. A 2D river network model is divided into several cells, including single river cell, "tree-like" river cell, "ring-like" river cell and "cross-like" river cell, which can reflect the interactive influence of flow field in the bifurcated channel and applies to generic 2D simulation. Based on equation of the 2D shallow water and unsteady non-uniform suspended sediment, the relationship between the variables (water level, discharge and sediment concentration) of each section and those of the boundaries are obtained through the full implicit matrix chase-after method. Through the conservation of water and sediment on the boundaries, the water level and sediment concentration on the nodes can be got by solving the irregular sparse matrix of conservation equation, so as to implement the coupled simulation of flow and sediment in the whole river network. The paper take the Chengtong River Reach located in the low reaches of Yangtze River as the example of "cross-like" river to verify the algorithm. The model is calibrated using the measured data. A comparison of calculated water level, discharge and sediment concentration shows that the generic model can reflex the interactive influence of flow field, with reasonable accuracy, especially in the bifurcated channel.

10. Reliability analysis of diesel engine crankshaft based on 2D stress strength interference model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2006-01-01

A 2D stress strength interference model (2D-SSIM) considering that the fatigue reliability of engineering structural components has close relationship to load asymmetric ratio and its variability to some extent is put forward. The principle, geometric schematic and limit state equation of this model are presented. Reliability evaluation for a kind of diesel engine crankshaft was made based on this theory, in which multi-axial loading fatigue criteria was employed. Because more important factors, i.e.stress asymmetric ratio and its variability, are considered, it theoretically can make more accurate evaluation for structural component reliability than the traditional interference model. Correspondingly, a Monte-Carlo Method simulation solution is also given. The computation suggests that this model can yield satisfactory reliability evaluation.

11. Reliability of a Novel Model for Drug Release from 2D HPMC-Matrices

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rumiana Blagoeva

2010-04-01

Full Text Available A novel model of drug release from 2D-HPMC matrices is considered. Detailed mathematical description of matrix swelling and the effect of the initial drug loading are introduced. A numerical approach to solution of the posed nonlinear 2D problem is used on the basis of finite element domain approximation and time difference method. The reliability of the model is investigated in two steps: numerical evaluation of the water uptake parameters; evaluation of drug release parameters under available experimental data. The proposed numerical procedure for fitting the model is validated performing different numerical examples of drug release in two cases (with and without taking into account initial drug loading. The goodness of fit evaluated by the coefficient of determination is presented to be very good with few exceptions. The obtained results show better model fitting when accounting the effect of initial drug loading (especially for larger values.

12. Simplified 2D Bidomain Model of Whole Heart Electrical Activity and ECG Generation

Science.gov (United States)

Sovilj, Siniša; Magjarević, Ratko; Abed, Amr Al; Lovell, Nigel H.; Dokos, Socrates

2014-06-01

The aim of this study was the development of a geometrically simple and highly computationally-efficient two dimensional (2D) biophysical model of whole heart electrical activity, incorporating spontaneous activation of the sinoatrial node (SAN), the specialized conduction system, and realistic surface ECG morphology computed on the torso. The FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) equations were incorporated into a bidomain finite element model of cardiac electrical activity, which was comprised of a simplified geometry of the whole heart with the blood cavities, the lungs and the torso as an extracellular volume conductor. To model the ECG, we placed four electrodes on the surface of the torso to simulate three Einthoven leads VI, VII and VIII from the standard 12-lead system. The 2D model was able to reconstruct ECG morphology on the torso from action potentials generated at various regions of the heart, including the sinoatrial node, atria, atrioventricular node, His bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers, and ventricles. Our 2D cardiac model offers a good compromise between computational load and model complexity, and can be used as a first step towards three dimensional (3D) ECG models with more complex, precise and accurate geometry of anatomical structures, to investigate the effect of various cardiac electrophysiological parameters on ECG morphology.

13. Study on Development of 1D-2D Coupled Real-time Urban Inundation Prediction model

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Seungsoo

2017-04-01

In recent years, we are suffering abnormal weather condition due to climate change around the world. Therefore, countermeasures for flood defense are urgent task. In this research, study on development of 1D-2D coupled real-time urban inundation prediction model using predicted precipitation data based on remote sensing technology is conducted. 1 dimensional (1D) sewerage system analysis model which was introduced by Lee et al. (2015) is used to simulate inlet and overflow phenomena by interacting with surface flown as well as flows in conduits. 2 dimensional (2D) grid mesh refinement method is applied to depict road networks for effective calculation time. 2D surface model is coupled with 1D sewerage analysis model in order to consider bi-directional flow between both. Also parallel computing method, OpenMP, is applied to reduce calculation time. The model is estimated by applying to 25 August 2014 extreme rainfall event which caused severe inundation damages in Busan, Korea. Oncheoncheon basin is selected for study basin and observed radar data are assumed as predicted rainfall data. The model shows acceptable calculation speed with accuracy. Therefore it is expected that the model can be used for real-time urban inundation forecasting system to minimize damages.

14. A study of the bilayer Bethe lattice for spin-32 Ising model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Albayrak, Erhan [Department of Physics, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri (Turkey)]. E-mail: albayrak@erciyes.edu.tr; Yilmaz, Saban [Department of Physics, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri (Turkey); Akkaya, Seyma [Department of Physics, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri (Turkey)

2007-03-15

The spin-32 Ising model on the bilayer Bethe lattice is studied in terms of the exact recursion relations with the intralayer bilinear interactions J{sub 11} and J{sub 22} of the two layers with ferromagnetic coupling and interlayer bilinear interaction J{sub 12} between the layers with ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic coupling. We first have obtained the ground state configurations of the model on the (J{sub 22}/vertical barJ{sub 11}vertical bar,J{sub 12}/qvertical barJ{sub 11}vertical bar) planes for J{sub 11}<0 and J{sub 11}>0. Then the thermal behaviors of the order-parameters, the total and staggered magnetizations of the two layers and also the spin-spin correlation function between the nearest-neighbor spins of the adjacent layers, are studied to obtain the phase diagrams of the model on the (kT/J{sub 11},J{sub 12}/J{sub 11}) plane for given values of J{sub 22}/J{sub 11} and the coordination number q. As a result, a few types of the critical temperatures of the model are obtained.

15. A new force-extension formula for stretched macromolecules and polymers based on the Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Yue; Haverkamp, Richard G.

2016-12-01

In this paper, we derive a new force-extension formula for stretched macromolecules and homogeneous polymer matrices. The Ising model arising from paramagnetism is employed, where the magnetic force is replaced by the external force, and the resistance energy is addressed in this model instead of the usual persistent length arising from the freely jointed chain and worm-like chain models. While the force-extension formula reveals the distinctive stretching features for stretched polymers, the resistance energy is found to increase almost linearly with the external force for our two polysaccharides stretching examples with and without ring conformational changes. In particular, a jump in the resistance energy which is caused by a conformational transition is investigated, and the gap between the jump determines the energy barrier between two conformational configurations. Our theoretical model matches well with experimental results undergoing no and single conformational transitions, and a Monte Carlo simulation has also been performed to ensure the correctness of the resistance energy. This technique might also be employed to determine the binding energy from other causes during molecular stretching and provide vital information for further theoretical investigations.

16. Ice shelf flexures modeled with a 2-D elastic flow line model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Y. V. Konovalov

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Ice shelf flexures modeling was performed using a 2-D finite-difference elastic model, which takes into account sub-ice-shelf sea water flow. The sub-ice water flow was described by the wave equation for the sub-ice-shelf pressure perturbations (Holdsworth and Glynn, 1978. In the model ice shelf flexures result from variations in ocean pressure due to changes in prescribed sea levels. The numerical experiments were performed for a flow line down one of the fast flowing ice streams of the Academy of Sciences Ice Cap. The profile includes a part of the adjacent ice shelf. The numerical experiments were carried out for harmonic incoming pressure perturbations P' and the ice shelf flexures were obtained for a wide spectrum of the pressure perturbations frequencies, ranging from tidal periods down to periods of a few seconds (0.004..0.02 Hz. The amplitudes of the ice shelf deflections obtained by the model achieve a maxima at about T ≈ 165 s in concordance with previous investigations of the impact of waves on Antarctic ice shelves (Bromirski et al., 2010. The explanation of the effect is found in the solution of the corresponding eigenvalue problem revealing the existence of a resonance at these high frequencies.

17. Stochastic 2-D Models of Galaxy Disk Evolution. The Galaxy M33

CERN Document Server

2015-01-01

We have developed a fast numerical 2-D model of galaxy disk evolution (resolved along the galaxy radius and azimuth) by adopting a scheme of parameterized stochastic self-propagating star formation. We explore the parameter space of the model and demonstrate its capability to reproduce 1-D radial profiles of the galaxy M33: gas surface density, surface brightness in the i and GALEX FUV passbands, and metallicity.

18. A Bayesian model for classifying all differentially expressed proteins simultaneously in 2D PAGE gels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wu Steven H

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE is commonly used to identify differentially expressed proteins under two or more experimental or observational conditions. Wu et al (2009 developed a univariate probabilistic model which was used to identify differential expression between Case and Control groups, by applying a Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT to each protein on a 2D PAGE. In contrast to commonly used statistical approaches, this model takes into account the two possible causes of missing values in 2D PAGE: either (1 the non-expression of a protein; or (2 a level of expression that falls below the limit of detection. Results We develop a global Bayesian model which extends the previously described model. Unlike the univariate approach, the model reported here is able treat all differentially expressed proteins simultaneously. Whereas each protein is modelled by the univariate likelihood function previously described, several global distributions are used to model the underlying relationship between the parameters associated with individual proteins. These global distributions are able to combine information from each protein to give more accurate estimates of the true parameters. In our implementation of the procedure, all parameters are recovered by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC integration. The 95% highest posterior density (HPD intervals for the marginal posterior distributions are used to determine whether differences in protein expression are due to differences in mean expression intensities, and/or differences in the probabilities of expression. Conclusions Simulation analyses showed that the global model is able to accurately recover the underlying global distributions, and identify more differentially expressed proteins than the simple application of a LRT. Additionally, simulations also indicate that the probability of incorrectly identifying a protein as differentially expressed (i.e., the False

19. Comparison between 2D and 3D Modelling of Induction Machine Using Finite Element Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zelmira Ferkova

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The paper compares two different ways (2D and 3D of modelling of two-phase squirrel-cage induction machine using the finite element method (FEM. It focuses mainly on differences between starting characteristics given from both types of the model. It also discusses influence of skew rotor slots on harmonic content in air gap flux density and summarizes some issues of both approaches.

20. Evaluation of Fish Passage at Whitewater Parks Using 2D and 3D Hydraulic Modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Hardee, T.; Nelson, P. A.; Kondratieff, M.; Bledsoe, B. P.

2016-12-01

In-stream whitewater parks (WWPs) are increasingly popular recreational amenities that typically create waves by constricting flow through a chute to increase velocities and form a hydraulic jump. However, the hydraulic conditions these structures create can limit longitudinal habitat connectivity and potentially inhibit upstream fish migration, especially of native fishes. An improved understanding of the fundamental hydraulic processes and potential environmental effects of whitewater parks is needed to inform management decisions about Recreational In-Channel Diversions (RICDs). Here, we use hydraulic models to compute a continuous and spatially explicit description of velocity and depth along potential fish swimming paths in the flow field, and the ensemble of potential paths are compared to fish swimming performance data to predict fish passage via logistic regression analysis. While 3d models have been shown to accurately predict trout movement through WWP structures, 2d methods can provide a more cost-effective and manager-friendly approach to assessing the effects of similar hydraulic structures on fish passage when 3d analysis in not feasible. Here, we use 2d models to examine the hydraulics in several WWP structures on the North Fork of the St. Vrain River at Lyons, Colorado, and we compare these model results to fish passage predictions from a 3d model. Our analysis establishes a foundation for a practical, transferable and physically-rigorous 2d modeling approach for mechanistically evaluating the effects of hydraulic structures on fish passage.

1. Pair correlations and structure factor of the J1-J2 square lattice Ising model in an external field

Science.gov (United States)

Guerrero, Alejandra I.; Stariolo, Daniel A.

2017-01-01

We compute the structure factor of the J1-J2 Ising model in an external field on the square lattice within the Cluster Variation Method. We use a four point plaquette approximation, which is the minimal one able to capture phases with broken orientational order in real space, like the recently reported Ising-nematic phase in the model. The analysis of different local maxima in the structure factor allows us to track the different phases and phase transitions against temperature and external field. Although the nematic susceptibility is not directly related to the structure factor, we show that because of the close relationship between the nematic order parameter and the structure factor, the latter shows unambiguous signatures of the presence of a nematic phase, in agreement with results from direct minimization of a variational free energy. The disorder variety of the model is identified and the possibility that the CVM four point approximation be exact on the disorder variety is discussed.

2. Real-space renormalization group for the transverse-field Ising model in two and three dimensions.

Science.gov (United States)

Miyazaki, Ryoji; Nishimori, Hidetoshi; Ortiz, Gerardo

2011-05-01

The two- and three-dimensional transverse-field Ising models with ferromagnetic exchange interactions are analyzed by means of the real-space renormalization-group method. The basic strategy is a generalization of a method developed for the one-dimensional case, which exploits the exact invariance of the model under renormalization and is known to give the exact values of the critical point and critical exponent ν. The resulting values of the critical exponent ν in two and three dimensions are in good agreement with those for the classical Ising model in three and four dimensions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example in which a real-space renormalization group on (2+1)- and (3+1)-dimensional Bravais lattices yields accurate estimates of the critical exponents.

3. 3D Modeling of Transformer Substation Based on Mapping and 2D Images

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lei Sun

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A new method for building 3D models of transformer substation based on mapping and 2D images is proposed in this paper. This method segments objects of equipment in 2D images by using k-means algorithm in determining the cluster centers dynamically to segment different shapes and then extracts feature parameters from the divided objects by using FFT and retrieves the similar objects from 3D databases and then builds 3D models by computing the mapping data. The method proposed in this paper can avoid the complex data collection and big workload by using 3D laser scanner. The example analysis shows the method can build coarse 3D models efficiently which can meet the requirements for hazardous area classification and constructions representations of transformer substation.

4. Numerical Methods and Comparisons for 1D and Quasi 2D Streamer Propagation Models

CERN Document Server

Huang, Mengmin; Guan, Huizhe; Zeng, Rong

2016-01-01

In this work, we propose four different strategies to simulate the one-dimensional (1D) and quasi two-dimensional (2D) model for streamer propagation. Each strategy involves of one numerical method for solving Poisson's equation and another method for solving continuity equations in the models, and a total variation diminishing three-stage Runge-Kutta method in temporal discretization. The numerical methods for Poisson's equation include finite volume method, discontinuous Galerkin methods, mixed finite element method and least-squared finite element method. The numerical method for continuity equations is chosen from the family of discontinuous Galerkin methods. The accuracy tests and comparisons show that all of these four strategies are suitable and competitive in streamer simulations from the aspects of accuracy and efficiency. By applying any strategy in real simulations, we can study the dynamics of streamer propagations and influences due to the change of parameters in both of 1D and quasi 2D models. T...

5. Mechanical Modelling of Pultrusion Process: 2D and 3D Numerical Approaches

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baran, Ismet; Hattel, Jesper Henri; Akkerman, Remko

2015-01-01

The process induced variations such as residual stresses and distortions are a critical issue in pultrusion, since they affect the structural behavior as well as the mechanical properties and geometrical precision of the final product. In order to capture and investigate these variations......, a mechanical analysis should be performed. In the present work, the two dimensional (2D) quasi-static plane strain mechanical model for the pultrusion of a thick square profile developed by the authors is further improved using generalized plane strain elements. In addition to that, a more advanced 3D thermo......-chemical-mechanical analysis is carried out using 3D quadratic elements which is a novel application for the numerical modelling of the pultrusion process. It is found that the 2D mechanical models give relatively reasonable and accurate stress and displacement evolutions in the transverse direction as compared to the 3D...

6. Stability conditions for fermionic Ising spin-glass models in the presence of a transverse field

Science.gov (United States)

Magalhães, S. G.; Zimmer, F. M.; Morais, C. V.

2009-06-01

The stability of a spin-glass (SG) phase is analyzed in detail for a fermionic Ising SG (FISG) model in the presence of a magnetic transverse field Γ. The fermionic path integral formalism, replica method and static approach have been used to obtain the thermodynamic potential within one step replica symmetry breaking ansatz. The replica symmetry (RS) results show that the SG phase is always unstable against the replicon. Moreover, the two other eigenvalues λ± of the Hessian matrix (related to the diagonal elements of the replica matrix) can indicate an additional instability to the SG phase, which enhances when Γ is increased. Therefore, this result suggests that the study of the replicon cannot be enough to guarantee the RS stability in the present quantum FISG model, especially near the quantum critical point. In particular, the FISG model allows changing the occupation number of sites, so one can get a first order transition when the chemical potential exceeds a certain value. In this region, the replicon and the λ± indicate instability problems for the SG solution close to all ranges of a first order boundary.

7. Break of universality for an Ising model with aperiodic Rudin-Shapiro interactions

Science.gov (United States)

Andrade, R. F. S.; Pinho, S. T. R.

2003-08-01

We analyze the ferromagnetic Ising model on non-Euclidean scale invariant lattices with aperiodic interactions ( J A , J B , J C , J D ) defined by Rudin-Shapiro substitution rules with Migdal-Kadanoff renormalization (MKR) and transfer matrix (TM) techniques. The analysis of the invariant sets of the zero-field MKR transformation indicates that the critical behavior, completely distinct from the one of the uniform model, is described by a new off-diagonal fixed point. This contrasts with other aperiodic models where the new critical behavior is described by a period-two cycle. With the new fixed point, values for the thermal critical exponents, α and ν, as well as the period of log-periodic oscillations, are obtained. Exact recursive maps for all thermodynamical functions are derived within the TM approach. The explicit dependence of the thermodynamical functions with respect to temperature is evaluated by the numerical iteration of the set of maps until a previously chosen convergence is achieved. They also indicate that, depending on the actual choice for the aperiodic coupling constants, the magnetic exponents (β and γ) assume different values. However the Rushbrook relation is always satisfied.

8. A depth-averaged 2-D model of flow and sediment transport in coastal waters

Science.gov (United States)

Sanchez, Alejandro; Wu, Weiming; Beck, Tanya M.

2016-11-01

A depth-averaged 2-D model has been developed to simulate unsteady flow and nonuniform sediment transport in coastal waters. The current motion is computed by solving the phase-averaged 2-D shallow water flow equations reformulated in terms of total-flux velocity, accounting for the effects of wave radiation stresses and general diffusion or mixing induced by current, waves, and wave breaking. The cross-shore boundary conditions are specified by assuming fully developed longshore current and wave setup that are determined using the reduced 1-D momentum equations. A 2-D wave spectral transformation model is used to calculate the wave height, period, direction, and radiation stresses, and a surface wave roller model is adopted to consider the effects of surface roller on the nearshore currents. The nonequilibrium transport of nonuniform total-load sediment is simulated, considering sediment entrainment by current and waves, the lag of sediment transport relative to the flow, and the hiding and exposure effect of nonuniform bed material. The flow and sediment transport equations are solved using an implicit finite volume method on a variety of meshes including nonuniform rectangular, telescoping (quadtree) rectangular, and hybrid triangular/quadrilateral meshes. The flow and wave models are integrated through a carefully designed steering process. The model has been tested in three field cases, showing generally good performance.

9. TRENT2D WG: a smart web infrastructure for debris-flow modelling and hazard assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Zorzi, Nadia; Rosatti, Giorgio; Zugliani, Daniel; Rizzi, Alessandro; Piffer, Stefano

2016-04-01

Mountain regions are naturally exposed to geomorphic flows, which involve large amounts of sediments and induce significant morphological modifications. The physical complexity of this class of phenomena represents a challenging issue for modelling, leading to elaborate theoretical frameworks and sophisticated numerical techniques. In general, geomorphic-flows models proved to be valid tools in hazard assessment and management. However, model complexity seems to represent one of the main obstacles to the diffusion of advanced modelling tools between practitioners and stakeholders, although the UE Flood Directive (2007/60/EC) requires risk management and assessment to be based on "best practices and best available technologies". Furthermore, several cutting-edge models are not particularly user-friendly and multiple stand-alone software are needed to pre- and post-process modelling data. For all these reasons, users often resort to quicker and rougher approaches, leading possibly to unreliable results. Therefore, some effort seems to be necessary to overcome these drawbacks, with the purpose of supporting and encouraging a widespread diffusion of the most reliable, although sophisticated, modelling tools. With this aim, this work presents TRENT2D WG, a new smart modelling solution for the state-of-the-art model TRENT2D (Armanini et al., 2009, Rosatti and Begnudelli, 2013), which simulates debris flows and hyperconcentrated flows adopting a two-phase description over a mobile bed. TRENT2D WG is a web infrastructure joining advantages offered by the software-delivering model SaaS (Software as a Service) and by WebGIS technology and hosting a complete and user-friendly working environment for modelling. In order to develop TRENT2D WG, the model TRENT2D was converted into a service and exposed on a cloud server, transferring computational burdens from the user hardware to a high-performing server and reducing computational time. Then, the system was equipped with an

10. A Convective Vorticity Vector Associated With Tropical Convection: A 2D Cloud-Resolving Modeling Study

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Shou-Ting; Ping, Fan; Li, Xiao-Fan; Tao, Wei-Kuo

2004-01-01

Although dry/moist potential vorticity is a useful physical quantity for meteorological analysis, it cannot be applied to the analysis of 2D simulations. A convective vorticity vector (CVV) is introduced in this study to analyze 2D cloud-resolving simulation data associated with 2D tropical convection. The cloud model is forced by the vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal advection, and sea surface temperature obtained from the TOGA COARE, and is integrated for a selected 10-day period. The CVV has zonal and vertical components in the 2D x-z frame. Analysis of zonally-averaged and mass-integrated quantities shows that the correlation coefficient between the vertical component of the CVV and the sum of the cloud hydrometeor mixing ratios is 0.81, whereas the correlation coefficient between the zonal component and the sum of the mixing ratios is only 0.18. This indicates that the vertical component of the CVV is closely associated with tropical convection. The tendency equation for the vertical component of the CVV is derived and the zonally-averaged and mass-integrated tendency budgets are analyzed. The tendency of the vertical component of the CVV is determined by the interaction between the vorticity and the zonal gradient of cloud heating. The results demonstrate that the vertical component of the CVV is a cloud-linked parameter and can be used to study tropical convection.

11. Parameterising root system growth models using 2D neutron radiography images

Science.gov (United States)

Schnepf, Andrea; Felderer, Bernd; Vontobel, Peter; Leitner, Daniel

2013-04-01

Root architecture is a key factor for plant acquisition of water and nutrients from soil. In particular in view of a second green revolution where the below ground parts of agricultural crops are important, it is essential to characterise and quantify root architecture and its effect on plant resource acquisition. Mathematical models can help to understand the processes occurring in the soil-plant system, they can be used to quantify the effect of root and rhizosphere traits on resource acquisition and the response to environmental conditions. In order to do so, root architectural models are coupled with a model of water and solute transport in soil. However, dynamic root architectural models are difficult to parameterise. Novel imaging techniques such as x-ray computed tomography, neutron radiography and magnetic resonance imaging enable the in situ visualisation of plant root systems. Therefore, these images facilitate the parameterisation of dynamic root architecture models. These imaging techniques are capable of producing 3D or 2D images. Moreover, 2D images are also available in the form of hand drawings or from images of standard cameras. While full 3D imaging tools are still limited in resolutions, 2D techniques are a more accurate and less expensive option for observing roots in their environment. However, analysis of 2D images has additional difficulties compared to the 3D case, because of overlapping roots. We present a novel algorithm for the parameterisation of root system growth models based on 2D images of root system. The algorithm analyses dynamic image data. These are a series of 2D images of the root system at different points in time. Image data has already been adjusted for missing links and artefacts and segmentation was performed by applying a matched filter response. From this time series of binary 2D images, we parameterise the dynamic root architecture model in the following way: First, a morphological skeleton is derived from the binary

12. Critical Finite Size Scaling Relation of the Order-Parameter Probability Distribution for the Three-Dimensional Ising Model on the Creutz Cellular Automaton

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

B. Kutlu; M. Civi

2006-01-01

@@ We study the order parameter probability distribution at the critical point for the three-dimensional spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising models on the simple cubic lattice under periodic boundary conditions.

13. Characteristic polynomial assignment in F-M model Ⅱ of 2-D systems

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

唐万生; 亢京力

2004-01-01

The problems of characteristic polynomial assignment in Fornasini-Marchesini (F-M) model Ⅱ of 2-D systems are investigated. The corresponding closed-loop systems described by F-M model Ⅱ are obtained via the state feedback.Using the algebraic geometry method, the characteristic polynomial assignment in the closed-loop systems is discussed. In terms of the theory of algebraic geometry, the problem of characteristic polynomial assignment is transferred to the one whether a rational mapping is onto. Sufficient conditions for almost arbitrary assignment coefficients of characteristic polynomial in F-M model Ⅱ of 2-D systems via state feedback are derived, and they are available for multi-input cases. It also has been shown that this method can be applied to assign the characteristic polynomial with output feedback. The sufficient conditions for almost arbitrary assignment coefficients of characteristic polynomial of multi-input 2-D systems described by F-M model Ⅱ with output feedback are established.

14. Radii of the E8 Gosset Circles as the Mass Excitations in the Ising Model

CERN Document Server

Koca, Mehmet

2012-01-01

The Zamolodchikov's conjecture implying the exceptional Lie group E8 seems to be validated by an experiment on the quantum phase transitions of the 1D Ising model carried out by the Coldea et. al. The E8 model which follows from the affine Toda field theory predicts 8 bound states with the mass relations in the increasing order m1, m2= tau m1, m3, m4, m5, m6=tau m3, m7= tau m4, m8= tau m5, where tau= (1+\\sqrt(5))/2 represents the golden ratio. Above relations follow from the fact that the Coxeter group W(H4) is a maximal subgroup of the Coxeter-Weyl group W(E8). These masses turn out to be proportional to the radii of the Gosset's circles on the Coxeter plane obtained by an orthogonal projection of the root system of E8 . We also note that the masses m1, m3, m4 and m5 correspond to the radii of the circles obtained by projecting the vertices of the 600-cell, a 4D polytope of the non-crystallographic Coxeter group W(H4). A special non-orthogonal projection of the simple roots on the Coxeter plane leads to exac...

15. Coupled Ising models and interdependent discrete choices under social influence in homogeneous populations

CERN Document Server

del Río, Ana Fernández

2011-01-01

The use of statistical physics to study problems of social sciences is motivated and its current state of the art briefly reviewed, in particular for the case of discrete choice making. The coupling of two binary choices is studied in some detail, using an Ising model for each of the decision variables (the opinion or choice moments or spins, socioeconomic equivalents to the magnetic moments or spins). Toy models for two different types of coupling are studied analytically and numerically in the mean field (infinite range) approximation. This is equivalent to considering a social influence effect proportional to the fraction of adopters or average magnetisation. In the nonlocal case, the two spin variables are coupled through a Weiss mean field type term. In a socioeconomic context, this can be useful when studying individuals of two different groups, making the same decision under social influence of their own group, when their outcome is affected by the fraction of adopters of the other group. In the local ...

16. Variational perturbation and extended Plefka approaches to dynamics on random networks: the case of the kinetic Ising model

CERN Document Server

Bachschmid-Romano, Ludovica; Opper, Manfred; Roudi, Yasser

2016-01-01

We describe and analyze some novel approaches for studying the dynamics of Ising spin glass models. We first briefly consider the variational approach based on minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence between independent trajectories and the real ones and note that this approach only coincides with the mean field equations from the saddle point approximation to the generating functional when the dynamics is defined through a logistic link function, which is the case for the kinetic Ising model with parallel update. We then spend the rest of the paper developing two ways of going beyond the saddle point approximation to the generating functional. In the first one, we develop a variational perturbative approximation to the generating functional by expanding the action around a quadratic function of the local fields and conjugate local fields whose parameters are optimized. We derive analytical expressions for the optimal parameters and show that when the optimization is suitably restricted, we recover the mea...

17. Cluster Monte Carlo dynamics for the Ising model on fractal structures in dimensions between one and two

Science.gov (United States)

Monceau, P.; Hsiao, P.-Y.

2003-02-01

We study the cluster size distributions generated by the Wolff algorithm in the framework of the Ising model on Sierpinski fractals with Hausdorff dimension Df between 1 and 2. We show that these distributions exhibit a scaling property involving the magnetic exponent yh associated with one of the eigen-direction of the renormalization flows. We suggest that a single cluster tends to invade the whole lattice as Df tends towards the lower critical dimension of the Ising model, namely 1. The autocorrelation times associated with the Wolff and Swendsen-Wang algorithms enable us to calculate dynamical exponents; the cluster algorithms are shown to be more efficient in reducing the critical slowing down when Df is lowered.

18. Laser irradiated fluorescent perfluorocarbon microparticles in 2-D and 3-D breast cancer cell models

Science.gov (United States)

Niu, Chengcheng; Wang, Long; Wang, Zhigang; Xu, Yan; Hu, Yihe; Peng, Qinghai

2017-03-01

Perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplets were studied as new generation ultrasound contrast agents via acoustic or optical droplet vaporization (ADV or ODV). Little is known about the ODV irradiated vaporization mechanisms of PFC-microparticle complexs and the stability of the new bubbles produced. In this study, fluorescent perfluorohexane (PFH) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles were used as a model to study the process of particle vaporization and bubble stability following excitation in two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) cell models. We observed localization of the fluorescent agent on the microparticle coating material initially and after vaporization under fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the stability and growth dynamics of the newly created bubbles were observed for 11 min following vaporization. The particles were co-cultured with 2-D cells to form 3-D spheroids and could be vaporized even when encapsulated within the spheroids via laser irradiation, which provides an effective basis for further work.

19. Study of theta-Vacua in the 2-d O(3) Model

CERN Document Server

Bögli, Michael; Pepe, Michele; Wiese, Uwe-Jens

2012-01-01

We investigate the continuum limit of the step scaling function in the 2-d O(3) model with different theta-vacua. Since we find a different continuum value of the step scaling function for each value of theta, we can conclude that theta indeed is a relevant parameter of the theory and does not get renormalized non-perturbatively. Furthermore, we confirm the result of the conjectured exact S-matrix theory, which predicts the continuum value at theta = pi. To obtain high precision data, we use a modified Hasenbusch improved estimator and an action with an optimized constraint, which has very small cut-off effects. The optimized constraint action combines the standard action of the 2-d O(3) model with a topological action. The topological action constrains the angle between neighboring spins and is therefore invariant against small deformations of the field.

20. Hybrid 2D-3D modelling of GTA welding with filler wire addition

KAUST Repository

Traidia, Abderrazak

2012-07-01

A hybrid 2D-3D model for the numerical simulation of Gas Tungsten Arc welding is proposed in this paper. It offers the possibility to predict the temperature field as well as the shape of the solidified weld joint for different operating parameters, with relatively good accuracy and reasonable computational cost. Also, an original approach to simulate the effect of immersing a cold filler wire in the weld pool is presented. The simulation results reveal two important observations. First, the weld pool depth is locally decreased in the presence of filler metal, which is due to the energy absorption by the cold feeding wire from the hot molten pool. In addition, the weld shape, maximum temperature and thermal cycles in the workpiece are relatively well predicted even when a 2D model for the arc plasma region is used. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. A Neural-FEM tool for the 2-D magnetic hysteresis modeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cardelli, E. [University of Perugia, Department of Engineering, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia (Italy); Faba, A., E-mail: antonio.faba@unipg.it [University of Perugia, Department of Engineering, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia (Italy); Laudani, A.; Lozito, G.M.; Riganti Fulginei, F.; Salvini, A. [Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome (Italy)

2016-04-01

The aim of this work is to present a new tool for the analysis of magnetic field problems considering 2-D magnetic hysteresis. In particular, this tool makes use of the Finite Element Method to solve the magnetic field problem in real device, and fruitfully exploits a neural network (NN) for the modeling of 2-D magnetic hysteresis of materials. The NS has as input the magnetic inductions components B at the k-th simulation step and returns as output the corresponding values of the magnetic field H corresponding to the input pattern. It is trained by vector measurements performed on the magnetic material to be modeled. This input/output scheme is directly implemented in a FEM code employing the magnetic potential vector A formulation. Validations through measurements on a real device have been performed.

2. 2D edge plasma modeling extended up to the main chamber

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dekeyser, W., E-mail: wouter.dekeyser@mech.kuleuven.be [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300A, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Baelmans, M. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300A, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Reiter, D.; Boerner, P.; Kotov, V. [Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, EURATOM-Association, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Juelich (Germany)

2011-08-01

Far SOL plasma flow, and hence main chamber recycling and plasma surface interaction, are today still only very poorly described by current 2D fluid edge codes, such as B2, UEDGE or EDGE2D, due to a common technical limitation. We have extended the B2 plasma fluid solver in the current ITER version of B2-EIRENE (SOLPS4.3) to allow plasma solutions to be obtained up to the 'real vessel wall', at least on the basis of ad hoc far SOL transport models. We apply here the kinetic Monte Carlo Code EIRENE on such plasma solutions to study effects of this model refinement on main chamber fluxes and sputtering, for an ITER configuration. We show that main chamber sputtering may be significantly modified both due to thermalization of CX neutrals in the far SOL and poloidally highly asymmetric plasma wall contact, as compared to hitherto applied teleportation of particle fluxes across this domain.

3. On an Algebraic Property of the Disordered Phase of the Ising Model with Competing Interactions on a Cayley Tree

Science.gov (United States)

Mukhamedov, Farrukh; Barhoumi, Abdessatar; Souissi, Abdessatar

2016-12-01

It is known that the disordered phase of the classical Ising model on the Caley tree is extreme in some region of the temperature. If one considers the Ising model with competing interactions on the same tree, then about the extremity of the disordered phase there is no any information. In the present paper, we first aiming to analyze the correspondence between Gibbs measures and QMC's on trees. Namely, we establish that states associated with translation invariant Gibbs measures of the model can be seen as diagonal quantum Markov chains on some quasi local algebra. Then as an application of the established correspondence, we study some algebraic property of the disordered phase of the Ising model with competing interactions on the Cayley tree of order two. More exactly, we prove that a state corresponding to the disordered phase is not quasi-equivalent to other states associated with translation invariant Gibbs measures. This result shows how the translation invariant states relate to each other, which is even a new phenomena in the classical setting. To establish the main result we basically employ methods of quantum Markov chains.

4. Modeling Root Growth, Crop Growth and N Uptake of Winter Wheat Based on SWMS_2D: Model and Validation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dejun Yang

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Simulations for root growth, crop growth, and N uptake in agro-hydrological models are of significant concern to researchers. SWMS_2D is one of the most widely used physical hydrologically related models. This model solves equations that govern soil-water movement by the finite element method, and has a public access source code. Incorporating key agricultural components into the SWMS_2D model is of practical importance, especially for modeling some critical cereal crops such as winter wheat. We added root growth, crop growth, and N uptake modules into SWMS_2D. The root growth model had two sub-models, one for root penetration and the other for root length distribution. The crop growth model used was adapted from EU-ROTATE_N, linked to the N uptake model. Soil-water limitation, nitrogen limitation, and temperature effects were all considered in dry-weight modeling. Field experiments for winter wheat in Bouwing, the Netherlands, in 1983-1984 were selected for validation. Good agreements were achieved between simulations and measurements, including soil water content at different depths, normalized root length distribution, dry weight and nitrogen uptake. This indicated that the proposed new modules used in the SWMS_2D model are robust and reliable. In the future, more rigorous validation should be carried out, ideally under 2D situations, and attention should be paid to improve some modules, including the module simulating soil N mineralization.

5. Corner wetting in the two-dimensional Ising model: Monte Carlo results

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Albano, E V [INIFTA, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata (Argentina); Virgiliis, A De [INIFTA, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata (Argentina); Mueller, M [Institut fuer Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz (Germany); Binder, K [Institut fuer Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz (Germany)

2003-01-29

Square LxL (L=24-128) Ising lattices with nearest neighbour ferromagnetic exchange are considered using free boundary conditions at which boundary magnetic fields are applied, i.e., at the two boundary rows ending at the lower left corner a field +h acts, while at the two boundary rows ending at the upper right corner a field -h acts. For temperatures T less than the critical temperature T{sub c} of the bulk, this boundary condition leads to the formation of two domains with opposite orientations of the magnetization direction, separated by an interface which for T larger than the filling transition temperature T{sub f} (h) runs from the upper left corner to the lower right corner, while for TT{sub f} (h) it scales as w {proportional_to}{radical} L. The distribution P (l) of the interface position l (measured along the z-direction from the corners) decays exponentially for TT{sub f} (h). Furthermore, the Monte Carlo data are compatible with (l) {proportional_to} (T{sub f} (h) - T){sup -1} and a finite size scaling of the total magnetization according to M(L, T) M-tilde ((1 - T/T{sub f} (h)){sup {nu}}{sub perp} L) with {nu}{sub perp} = 1. Unlike the findings for critical wetting in the thin film geometry of the Ising model, the Monte Carlo results for corner wetting are in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

6. Anisotropy effects and friction maps in the framework of the 2d PT model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fajardo, O.Y. [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Gnecco, E. [Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Mazo, J.J., E-mail: juanjo@unizar.es [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza (Spain)

2014-12-15

We present a series of numerical simulations on the friction–anisotropy behavior and stick–slip dynamics of a point mass in the framework of a 2d Prandtl–Tomlinson model. Results for three representative surface lattice are shown: square, hexagonal and honeycomb. Curves for scan angle dependence of static friction force, and kinetic one at T=0 K and T=300 K are shown. Friction force maps are computed at different directions.

7. Size distribution of islands according to 2D growth model with 2 kinds of diffusion atoms

CERN Document Server

Yamauchi, R; Koyama, M; Sasakura, H; Nakata, Y; Muto, S

2015-01-01

We simulated the growth of 2D islands with 2 kinds of diffusion atoms using the kinetic Monte- Carlo (kMC) method. As a result, we found that the slow atoms tend to create nuclei and determine the island volume distribution, along with additional properties such as island density. We also conducted a theoretical analysis using the rate equation of the point-island model to confirm these results.

8. Snapshot Observation for 2D Classical Lattice Models by Corner Transfer Matrix Renormalization Group

OpenAIRE

Ueda, K.; Otani, R.; Nishio, Y; Gendiar, A.; Nishino, T

2004-01-01

We report a way of obtaining a spin configuration snapshot, which is one of the representative spin configurations in canonical ensemble, in a finite area of infinite size two-dimensional (2D) classical lattice models. The corner transfer matrix renormalization group (CTMRG), a variant of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), is used for the numerical calculation. The matrix product structure of the variational state in CTMRG makes it possible to stochastically fix spins each by ea...

9. Surface Tension, Surface Stiffness, and Surface Width of the 3-dimensional Ising Model on a Cubic Lattice

CERN Document Server

Hasenbusch, M.; Hasenbusch, Martin; Pinn, Klaus

1992-01-01

We compute properties of the interface of the 3-dimensional Ising model for a wide range of temperatures and for interface extensions up to 64 by 64. The interface tension sigma is obtained by integrating the surface energy density over the inverse temperature beta. The surface stiffness coefficient kappa is determined. We also study universal quantities like xi^2 sigma and xi^2 kappa. The behavior of the interfacial width on lattices up to 512 times 512 times 27 is also investigated.

10. Exact field-driven interface dynamics in the two-dimensional stochastic Ising model with helicoidal boundary conditions

OpenAIRE

de Mendonça, J. Ricardo G.

2012-01-01

We investigate the interface dynamics of the two-dimensional stochastic Ising model in an external field under helicoidal boundary conditions. At sufficiently low temperatures and fields, the dynamics of the interface is described by an exactly solvable high-spin asymmetric quantum Hamiltonian that is the infinitesimal generator of the zero range process. Generally, the critical dynamics of the interface fluctuations is in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class of critical behavior. We re...

11. Properties of Three Pseudo-Spins in Ferroelectric or Ferro-Antiferroelectric Materials Described by a Transverse Ising Model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

JIANG Wei; Veng-Cheong Lo

2005-01-01

Ferroelectric phase diagrams and the temperature dependence of polarization, dielectric properties of the three pseudo-spin in ferroelectric or ferro-antiferroelectric system described by a transverse Ising models are investigated on the basis of the effective-field theory with the differential operator technique. The effects of the transverse field and the coupling strength between the nearest-neighboring pseudo-spin on the physical properties are discussed in detail.

12. Optimizing the transverse thermal conductivity of 2D-SiCf/SiC composites, I. Modeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Youngblood, Gerald E.; Senor, David J.; Jones, Russell H.

2002-12-31

For potential fusion applications, considerable fabrication efforts have been directed to obtaining transverse thermal conductivity (Keff) values in excess of 30 W/mK (unirradiated) in the 800-1000°C temperature range for 2D-SiCf/SiC composites. To gain insight into the factors affecting Keff, at PNNL we have tested three different analytic models for predicting Keff in terms of constituent (fiber, matrix and interphase) properties. The tested models were: the Hasselman-Johnson (H-J) “2-Cylinder” model, which examines the effects of fiber-matrix (f/m) thermal barriers; the Markworth “3-Cylinder” model, which specifically examines the effects of interphase thickness and thermal conductivity; and a newly-developed Anisotropic “3-Square” model, which examines the potential effect of introducing a fiber coating with anisotropic properties to enhance (or diminish) f/m thermal coupling. The first two models are effective medium models, while the third model is a simple combination of parallel and series conductances. Model predictions suggest specific designs and/or development efforts directed to optimize the overall thermal transport performance of 2D-SiCf/SiC.

13. Constructing and proving the ground state of a generalized Ising model by the cluster tree optimization algorithm

CERN Document Server

Huang, Wenxuan; Dacek, Stephen; Rong, Ziqin; Ding, Zhiwei; Ceder, Gerbrand

2016-01-01

Generalized Ising models, also known as cluster expansions, are an important tool in many areas of condensed-matter physics and materials science, as they are often used in the study of lattice thermodynamics, solid-solid phase transitions, magnetic and thermal properties of solids, and fluid mechanics. However, the problem of finding the global ground state of generalized Ising model has remained unresolved, with only a limited number of results for simple systems known. We propose a method to efficiently find the periodic ground state of a generalized Ising model of arbitrary complexity by a new algorithm which we term cluster tree optimization. Importantly, we are able to show that even in the case of an aperiodic ground state, our algorithm produces a sequence of states with energy converging to the true ground state energy, with a provable bound on error. Compared to the current state-of-the-art polytope method, this algorithm eliminates the necessity of introducing an exponential number of variables to ...

14. Quantum correlated cluster mean-field theory applied to the transverse Ising model.

Science.gov (United States)

Zimmer, F M; Schmidt, M; Maziero, Jonas

2016-06-01

Mean-field theory (MFT) is one of the main available tools for analytical calculations entailed in investigations regarding many-body systems. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in ameliorating this kind of method, mainly with the aim of incorporating geometric and correlation properties of these systems. The correlated cluster MFT (CCMFT) is an improvement that succeeded quite well in doing that for classical spin systems. Nevertheless, even the CCMFT presents some deficiencies when applied to quantum systems. In this article, we address this issue by proposing the quantum CCMFT (QCCMFT), which, in contrast to its former approach, uses general quantum states in its self-consistent mean-field equations. We apply the introduced QCCMFT to the transverse Ising model in honeycomb, square, and simple cubic lattices and obtain fairly good results both for the Curie temperature of thermal phase transition and for the critical field of quantum phase transition. Actually, our results match those obtained via exact solutions, series expansions or Monte Carlo simulations.

15. Effect of Electron Itineracy on Magnetism of S ＝ 1/2 Ferromagnetic Ising Model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

WANG Huai-Yu; WU Jian-Hua; XUN Kun

2003-01-01

The effect of electron itineracy on the magnetism of S＝1/2 ferromagnetic Ising model is investigated by introducing a hopping term. The electron Green's function method is used to deal with this Hamiltonian. Here emphasis is made on that the magnetization is caused by the difference between the filling of spin-up and spin-down electrons.This concept is in accordance with that of band structure theory. In the zero band width limit, our results are the same as obtained by spin Green's function method. However, our method achieves more detailed physical information. The spontaneous magnetization, Curie temperature, total energy, and specific heat are calculated and investigated in detail by the densities of states. Hopping term depresses the Curie temperature but remains the order-disorder transformation still to be second order transition. Above the transition point, the energy band is the same as that of tight binding system because exchange interaction has no effect anymore. While under the transition point, the energy band splits into two subbands due to exchange interaction.

16. Microscopic approach to critical phenomena at interfaces: An application to complete wetting in the Ising model

Science.gov (United States)

Orlandi, A.; Parola, A.; Reatto, L.

2004-11-01

We study how the formalism of the hierarchical reference theory (HRT) can be extended to inhomogeneous systems. HRT is a liquid-state theory which implements the basic ideas of the Wilson momentum-shell renormalization group (RG) to microscopic Hamiltonians. In the case of homogeneous systems, HRT provides accurate results even in the critical region, where it reproduces scaling and nonclassical critical exponents. We applied the HRT to study wetting critical phenomena in a planar geometry. Our formalism avoids the explicit definition of effective surface Hamiltonians but leads, close to the wetting transition, to the same renormalization group equation already studied by RG techiques. However, HRT also provides information on the nonuniversal quantities because it does not require any preliminary coarse graining procedure. A simple approximation to the infinite HRT set of equations is discussed. The HRT evolution equation for the surface free energy is numerically integrated in a semi-infinite three-dimensional Ising model and the complete wetting phase transition is analyzed. A renormalization of the adsorption critical amplitude and of the wetting parameter is observed. Our results are compared to available Monte Carlo simulations.

17. Hysteresis in DNA compaction by Dps is described by an Ising model.

Science.gov (United States)

Vtyurina, Natalia N; Dulin, David; Docter, Margreet W; Meyer, Anne S; Dekker, Nynke H; Abbondanzieri, Elio A

2016-05-03

In all organisms, DNA molecules are tightly compacted into a dynamic 3D nucleoprotein complex. In bacteria, this compaction is governed by the family of nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs). Under conditions of stress and starvation, an NAP called Dps (DNA-binding protein from starved cells) becomes highly up-regulated and can massively reorganize the bacterial chromosome. Although static structures of Dps-DNA complexes have been documented, little is known about the dynamics of their assembly. Here, we use fluorescence microscopy and magnetic-tweezers measurements to resolve the process of DNA compaction by Dps. Real-time in vitro studies demonstrated a highly cooperative process of Dps binding characterized by an abrupt collapse of the DNA extension, even under applied tension. Surprisingly, we also discovered a reproducible hysteresis in the process of compaction and decompaction of the Dps-DNA complex. This hysteresis is extremely stable over hour-long timescales despite the rapid binding and dissociation rates of Dps. A modified Ising model is successfully applied to fit these kinetic features. We find that long-lived hysteresis arises naturally as a consequence of protein cooperativity in large complexes and provides a useful mechanism for cells to adopt unique epigenetic states.

18. High-order Fuchsian equations for the square lattice Ising model: {chi}{sup (6)}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boukraa, S [LPTHIRM and Departement d' Aeronautique, Universite de Blida (Algeria); Hassani, S; Zenine, N [Centre de Recherche Nucleaire d' Alger, 2 Bd. Frantz Fanon, BP 399, 16000 Alger (Algeria); Jensen, I [ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 (Australia); Maillard, J-M [LPTMC, Universite de Paris 6, Tour 24, 4eme etage, case 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 (France)], E-mail: boukraa@mail.univ-blida.dz, E-mail: I.Jensen@ms.unimelb.edu.au, E-mail: maillard@lptmc.jussieu.fr, E-mail: njzenine@yahoo.com

2010-03-19

This paper deals with {chi}-tilde{sup (6)}, the six-particle contribution to the magnetic susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model. We have generated, modulo a prime, series coefficients for {chi}-tilde{sup (6)}. The length of the series is sufficient to produce the corresponding Fuchsian linear differential equation (modulo a prime). We obtain the Fuchsian linear differential equation that annihilates the 'depleted' series {phi}{sup (6)}={chi}-tilde{sup (6)} - 2/3 {chi}-tilde{sup (4)} + 2/45 {chi}-tilde{sup (2)}. The factorization of the corresponding differential operator is performed using a method of factorization modulo a prime, introduced in a previous paper. The 'depleted' differential operator is shown to have a structure similar to the corresponding operator for {chi}-tilde{sup (5)}. It splits into factors of smaller orders, with the left-most factor of order 6 being equivalent to the symmetric fifth power of the linear differential operator corresponding to the elliptic integral E. The right-most factor has a direct sum structure, and using series calculated modulo several primes, all the factors in the direct sum have been reconstructed in exact arithmetics.

19. High order Fuchsian equations for the square lattice Ising model: {chi}-tilde{sup (5)}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bostan, A [INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, B.P. 105 78153 Le Chesnay, Cedex (France); Boukraa, S [LPTHIRM and Departement d' Aeronautique, Universite de Blida (Algeria); Guttmann, A J; Jensen, I [ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 (Australia); Hassani, S; Zenine, N [Centre de Recherche Nucleaire d' Alger, 2 Bd. Frantz Fanon, BP 399, 16000 Alger (Algeria); Maillard, J-M [LPTMC, UMR 7600 CNRS, Universite de Paris, Tour 24, 4eme etage, case 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 (France)], E-mail: alin.bostan@inria.fr, E-mail: boukraa@mail.univ-blida.dz, E-mail: tonyg@ms.unimelb.edu.au, E-mail: I.Jensen@ms.unimelb.edu.au, E-mail: maillard@lptmc.jussieu.fr, E-mail: maillard@lptl.jussieu.fr, E-mail: njzenine@yahoo.com

2009-07-10

We consider the Fuchsian linear differential equation obtained (modulo a prime) for {chi}-tilde{sup (5)}, the five-particle contribution to the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model. We show that one can understand the factorization of the corresponding linear differential operator from calculations using just a single prime. A particular linear combination of {chi}-tilde{sup (1)} and {chi}-tilde{sup (3)} can be removed from {chi}-tilde{sup (5)} and the resulting series is annihilated by a high order globally nilpotent linear ODE. The corresponding (minimal order) linear differential operator, of order 29, splits into factors of small orders. A fifth-order linear differential operator occurs as the left-most factor of the 'depleted' differential operator and it is shown to be equivalent to the symmetric fourth power of L{sub E}, the linear differential operator corresponding to the elliptic integral E. This result generalizes what we have found for the lower order terms {chi}-tilde{sup (3)} and {chi}-tilde{sup (4)}. We conjecture that a linear differential operator equivalent to a symmetric (n - 1) th power of L{sub E} occurs as a left-most factor in the minimal order linear differential operators for all {chi}-tilde{sup (n)}'s.

20. Square lattice Ising model {chi}-tilde{sup (5)} ODE in exact arithmetic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nickel, B [Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Canada); Jensen, I; Guttmann, A J [ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 (Australia); Boukraa, S [LPTHIRM and Departement d' Aeronautique, Universite de Blida, Blida (Algeria); Hassani, S; Zenine, N [Centre de Recherche Nucleaire d' Alger, 2 Bd. Frantz Fanon, BP 399, 16000 Alger (Algeria); Maillard, J-M, E-mail: bgn@physics.uoguelph.c, E-mail: I.Jensen@ms.unimelb.edu.a, E-mail: boukraa@mail.univ-blida.d, E-mail: tonyg@ms.unimelb.edu.a, E-mail: maillard@lptmc.jussieu.f, E-mail: njzenine@yahoo.co [LPTMC, UMR 7600 CNRS, Universite de Paris, Tour 24, 4eme etage, case 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 (France)

2010-05-14

We obtain in exact arithmetic the order 24 linear differential operator L{sub 24} and the right-hand side E{sup (5)} of the inhomogeneous equation L{sub 24}({Phi}{sup (5)}) = E{sup (5)}, where {Phi}{sup (5)}={chi}-tilde{sup (5)}-{chi}-tilde{sup (3)}/2+{chi}-tilde{sup (1)}/120 is a linear combination of n-particle contributions to the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model. In Bostan et al (2009 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42 275209), the operator L{sub 24} (modulo a prime) was shown to factorize into L{sub 12}{sup (left){center_dot}}L{sub 12}{sup (right)}; here we prove that no further factorization of the order 12 operator L{sub 12}{sup (left)} is possible. We use the exact ODE to obtain the behaviour of {chi}-tilde{sup (5)} at the ferromagnetic critical point and to obtain a limited number of analytic continuations of {chi}-tilde{sup (5)} beyond the principal disc defined by its high temperature series. Contrary to a speculation in Boukraa et al (2008 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 41 455202), we find that {chi}-tilde{sup (5)} is singular at w = 1/2 on an infinite number of branches.
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