# AP Chemistry : Other Gas Concepts

## Example Questions

### Example Question #1 : Other Gas Concepts

COCl2 (g) ⇌ CO (g) + Cl2 (g)

Initially a reaction chamber contains only 2 moles of COCl2, after the reaction has reached the equilibrium shown above the pressure is measures to be 2.60 atm.  What is the most likely cause for the increase in pressure?

Heat is consumed during the course of the reaction

CL2 is a diatomic gas

CO is larger than COCl2

There are more molecules in the chamber, increasing the liklihood of atomic collisions with the wall of the container leading to increased pressure.

Heat is released during the course of the reaction

There are more molecules in the chamber, increasing the liklihood of atomic collisions with the wall of the container leading to increased pressure.

Explanation:

The equilibrium expression indicates that one mole of COCl2(g) will decompose into CO (g) and Cl2 (g).  One mole of gas is present on the left side of the equation, and two moles of gas are present on the right side of the equation.  The increases in pressure is due to the increase in the number of gas molecules in the reaction chamber.

### Example Question #1 : Other Gas Concepts

A gas is at STP

What does STP refer to?

0 C, 25 atm

25 C, 25 atm

0 C, 1 atm

298 K, 25 atm

25 C, 1 atm

0 C, 1 atm

Explanation:

Standard temperature and pressure is 00C and 1 atm

### Example Question #1 : Other Gas Concepts

What is the molar mass of a gas with a density of at STP?

Explanation:

Since we have the density of the mystery gas, we can rearrange the ideal gas law so that the remaining factors are equal to the density of the gas.

We can redefine moles of gas as mass over molar mass.

We can now rearrange the equation to solve for density (mass per volume), which is given in the question.

Using this set up and the values for standard temperature and pressure, we can solve for the molar mass.

### Example Question #2 : Other Gas Concepts

Which of the following will not be found in the atmosphere for an extended period of time?

Explanation:

Most gases exist as diatomic molecules in nature. , and  are all common gases found in the atmosphere and the air we breathe.

Ozone, , is a rare exception to the diatomic bonding principle, and is also found in significant quantities in the atmosphere.

Monatomic oxygen, , has only six valence electrons and is relatively unstable; this compound would not be found naturally in the atmosphere.

### Example Question #3 : Other Gas Concepts

A flexible box contains four moles of octane gas at STP with an excess of oxygen. If the octane is combusted according to the following reaction and the box is allowed to expand, what is the change in volume?

The size of the box increases by

The size of the box increases by

The size of the box increases by

The size of the box increases by

Explanation:

This question does not acually deal with the ideal gas law, but only with the standard volume of a gas at STP. At standard temperature and pressure, one mole of gas has a volume of 22.5L.

We know that initially we have four moles of octane and excess oxygen. This means that octane will be the limiting reagent for the combustion reaction, since oxygen is in excess.

The total moles of reactant gas when utilizing all four moles of octane is 54, while the total moles of product gas is 68.

There is a total change in moles of:

Since we end the reaction with 14 more moles of gas than we started, the volume must increase:

The change in volume is .

### Example Question #21 : Gases

What is the osmotic pressure exerted by a solution of 2M CaCl2 at room temperature? (R=0.082 L*atm/K/mol)

73 atm

6 atm

147 atm

18 atm

250 atm

147 atm

Explanation:

The van't Hoff factor for CaCl2 is 3 since the molecule dissociates in solution to 3 ions. T is in absolute temperature (25+273=298). This makes the osmotic pressure:

3*2M*0.082*298.

### Example Question #1 : Other Gas Concepts

At  the vapor pressure of pure water is . What is the minimum amount of liquid water we need to put in a  flask to achieve this vapor pressure.

which is equivalent to

It does not matter the amount of water, the vapor pressure will always be reached

which is equivalent to

Explanation:

We use the ideal gases equation to know the mol of water we need in the gas phase to generate a pressure of  in a  flask at .

And the mass is:

If we have less than that amount of water the liquid will evaporate completely but there will not be enough molecules to reach the vapor pressure. More than  of water will allow to reach the vapor pressure and there will be also a liquid leftover. Remember that the vapor pressure of a liquid at a fixed temperature is a constant.

### Example Question #32 : Gases

of  are introduced in a  flask. A vacuum is applied to the flask and its temperature raised to . At this temperature ammonium nitrate decomposes according to the reaction:

If the percent yield of this reaction is , which will be the total pressure of the flask after the reaction concludes.

Explanation:

Using the molecular mass we calculate the number of mol of  :

At this moment we could apply the percentage yield, however let's live it for the end. Each mole of  decomposed will generate  of gas. Then the total pressure assuming  yield will be:

Since only  of the  decomposes, the real total pressure will be:

### Example Question #1 : Other Gas Concepts

It can be argued that one of the greatest innovations in automobile safety is the airbag. A typical driver's side airbag expands to a volume of between 50-60L. For this problem use . In older airbag models sodium azide is employed to produce nitrogen gas as shown in the following decomposition reaction:

Two more reactions are employed to remove the reactive sodium metal, shift the above reaction equilibrium to the right, and produce more nitrogen gas; however for this problem assume all gas is generated from the first reaction as shown above and that the reaction proceeds to completion.

The gauge pressure is . This is the pressure at which the airbag is deployed. Note: gauge pressure is defined as the additional pressure in the system relative to atmospheric pressure. In this case use STP pressure as atmospheric pressure.

(It is worth noting that this pressure is the initial pressure to fill the airbag, which would provide a rock-hard cushion; therefore in the real world the air bag immediately begins to deflate so as to provide proper cushioning; that fact is not important for solving this problem).

What is the minimum mass of  required to inflate the airbag given the above conditions?

Explanation:

### First, identify the necessary parameters.

We must use the ideal gas equation:

and since the molar gas constant given uses Kelvin in it's definition, we must convert  to Kelvin as follows:

Since the pressure given is gauge pressure, we must convert to the actual pressure as follow:

So therefore the pressure we want to use is

Now that we have listed the given quantities we can see that in order to get the mass of  needed, we must first find the number of moles of  needed to fill the volume of the airbag, then use the molar ratios from the above chemical equation to convert moles of  to moles of , after which we can use the molar mass of  to calculate the grams of  needed to inflate the airbag.

In order to calculate the number of moles of  we can employ the Ideal gas law: to find n (the number of moles of gas; which in this case the only gas involved is

Plug in the given quantities that have been converted into the correct units and quantities:

Solve.

Now that we know the moles of  needed we can use stoichiometry, and the information in the following equation:

To determine the number of moles of  required and then convert the moles of  to the grams of  using the molar mass of . The molar mass of  can be found by using a periodic table and adding the molar masses of the constituent elements as shown below:

Molar mass of

Given that we calculated the moles of  to fill the volume of the airbag to be:  , and the molar ratios from the chemical equation we can set up the final steps of the calculation as shown below:

Therefore in order to inflate this driver's side airbag it would need to contain at least 68.04g of

### Example Question #34 : Gases

Suppose that a container contains  of a gaseous sample of unknown hydrocarbon at STP. If this sample occupies a volume of , what is the identity of the hydrocarbon?
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