Subscribe
Issue No.10 - Oct. (2012 vol.11)
pp: 1508-1522
Ya-Ju Yu , Grad. Inst. of Networking & Multimedia, Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan
Pi-Cheng Hsiu , Res. Center for Inf. Technol. Innovation (CITI), Inst. of Inf. Sci. (IIS), Taipei, Taiwan
Ai-Chun Pang , Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Inf. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan
ABSTRACT
Layer-based video coding, together with adaptive modulation and coding, is a promising technique for providing real-time video multicast services on heterogeneous mobile devices. With the rapid growth of data communications for emerging applications, reducing the energy consumption of mobile devices is a major challenge. This paper addresses the problem of resource allocation for video multicast in fourth-generation wireless systems, with the objective of minimizing the total energy consumption for data reception. First, we consider the problem when scalable video coding is applied. We prove that the problem is NP-hard and propose a 2-approximation algorithm to solve it. Then, we investigate the problem under multiple description coding, and show that it is also NP-hard and cannot be approximated in polynomial time with a ratio better than 2, unless P = NP. To solve this case, we develop a pseudopolynomial time 2-approximation algorithm. The results of simulations conducted to compare the proposed algorithms with a brute-force optimal algorithm and a conventional approach are very encouraging.
INDEX TERMS
Modulation, Resource management, Energy consumption, Streaming media, Approximation algorithms, Static VAr compensators,4G wireless systems., Energy efficiency, video multicast, scalable video coding, multiple description coding, adaptive modulation and coding
CITATION
Ya-Ju Yu, Pi-Cheng Hsiu, Ai-Chun Pang, "Energy-Efficient Video Multicast in 4G Wireless Systems", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol.11, no. 10, pp. 1508-1522, Oct. 2012, doi:10.1109/TMC.2011.186
REFERENCES
 [1] 3GPP, TS 22.146 V9.0.0 Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service; Stage 1 (Release 9), June 2008. [2] A. Naghdinezhad, M.R. Hashemi, and O. Fatemi, "A Novel Adaptive Unequal Error Protection Method for Scalable Video over Wireless Networks," Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Consumer Electronics (ISCE), pp. 1-6, 2007. [3] C.S. Hwang and Y. Kim, "An Adaptive Modulation Method for Multicast Communications of Hierarchical Data in Wireless Networks," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), pp. 896-900, 2002. [4] C. Suh and J. Mo, "Resource Allocation for Multicast Services in Multicarrier Wireless Communications," IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 27-31, Jan. 2008. [5] C.W. Huang, S.M. Huang, P.H. Wu, S.J. Lin, and J.N. Hwang, "OLM: Opportunistic Layered Multicasting for Scalable IPTV over Mobile WiMAX," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 453-463, Mar. 2012. [6] D. Munaretto, D. Jurca, and J. Widmer, "Broadcast Video Streaming in Cellular Networks: An Adaptation Framework for Channel Video and AL-FEC Rates Allocation," Proc. Ann. Wireless Internet Conf. (WICON), pp. 1-9, 2010. [7] E. Shih, P. Bahl, and M.J. Sinclair, "Wake on Wireless: An Event Driven Energy Saving Strategy for Battery Operated Devices," Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp. 160-171, 2002. [8] F.H.P. Fitzek, "Traffic Analysis for Multiple Description Coded Video Sequences," http://trace.eas.asu.eduMDC, June 2004. [9] F.H.P. Fitzek, B. Can, R. Prasad, M. Katz, and D. Park, "Traffic Analysis of Multiple Description Coding of Video Services over IP Networks," Proc. Wireless Personal Multimedia Comm. (WPMC), pp. 266-270, 2004. [10] H. Mansour, P. Nasiopoulos, and V. Krishnamurthy, "Joint Media-Channel Aware Unequal Error Protection for Wireless Scalable Video Streaming," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 1129-1132, 2008. [11] H. Schwarz, D. Marpe, and T. Wiegand, "Overview of the Scalable Video Coding Extension of the H.264/AVC Standard," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1103-1120, Sept. 2007. [12] HTC Magic Specification, http://www.htc.com/www/product/magicspecification.html , 2012. [13] IEEE 802.16e, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems, Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands, IEEE, 2005. [14] IEEE 802.16m-09/0034r2, IEEE 802.16m System Description Document, IEEE, Sept. 2009. [15] J. Chakareski, S. Han, and B. Girod, "Layered Coding vs. Multiple Descriptions for Video Streaming over Multiple Paths," ACM/Springer Multimedia Systems, vol. 10, pp. 275-285, Jan. 2005. [16] J. Kim, J. Cho, and H. Shin, "Layered Resource Allocation for Video Broadcasts over Wireless Networks," IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1609-1616, Nov. 2008. [17] J. Shi, D. Qu, and G. Zhu, "Utility Maximization of Layered Video Multicasting for Wireless Systems with Adaptive Modulation and Coding," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), pp. 5277-5282, 2006. [18] J.Y. Kim and D.H. Cho, "Resource Allocation Scheme for Minimizing Power Consumption in OFDMA Cellular Systems," Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. (VTC), pp. 1862-1866, 2007. [19] J.Y. Kim, T. Kwon, and D.H. Cho, "OFDM Resource Allocation Scheme for Minimizing Power Consumption in Multicast Systems," Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. (VTC), pp. 1-5, 2006. [20] J.Y. Kim, T. Kwon, and D.H. Cho, "Resource Allocation Scheme for Minimizing Power Consumption in OFDM Multicast Systems," IEEE Comm. Letters, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 486-488, June 2007. [21] M.R. Garey and D.S. Johnson, Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of ${\cal NP}$ -Completeness. W.H. Freeman Co., 1990. [22] O. Oyman, J. Foerster, Y.J. Tcha, and S.C. Lee, "Toward Enhanced Mobile Video Services over WiMAX and LTE," IEEE Comm. Magazine, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 68-76, Aug. 2010. [23] P. Li, H. Zhang, B. Zhao, and S. Rangarajan, "Scalable Video Multicast in Multi-Carrier Wireless Data Systems," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Network Protocols (ICNP), pp. 141-150, 2009. [24] Q. Liu, X. Wang, and G.B. Giannakis, "A Cross-Layer Scheduling Algorithm with QoS Support in Wireless Networks," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 839-847, May 2006. [25] S. Deb, S. Jaiswal, and K. Nagaraj, "Real-Time Video Multicast in WiMAX Networks," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 2252-2260, 2008. [26] T.B. Abanoz and A.M. Tekalp, "SVC-Based Scalable Multiple Description Video Coding and Optimization of Encoding Configuration," Signal Processing: Image Comm., vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 691-701, Oct. 2009. [27] T. Schierl, T. Stockhammer, and T. Wiegand, "Mobile Video Transmission Using Scalable Video Coding," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1204-1217, Sept. 2007. [28] T. Wiegand, G.J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaard, and A. Luthra, "Overview of the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 560-576, July 2003. [29] Video Test Sequences, http://trace.eas.asu.edu/yuvindex.html, 2012. [30] W.H. Kuo, T. Liu, and W. Liao, "Utility-Based Resource Allocation for Layer-Encoded IPTV Multicasting in IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) Wireless Networks," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), pp. 1754-1759, 2007. [31] W.H. Kuo, W. Liao, and T. Liu, "Adaptive Resource Allocation for Layer-Encoded IPTV Multicasting in IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Wireless Networks," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 116-124, Feb. 2011. [32] Y. Wang, A. Reiman, and S. Lin, "Multiple Description Coding for Video Delivery," Proc. IEEE, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 57-70, Jan. 2005. [33] Y. Xiao, "Energy Saving Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN," IEEE Comm. Letters, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 595-597, July 2005.
60 ms
(Ver 2.0)

Marketing Automation Platform
{"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6343037486076355, "perplexity": 10211.205915247056}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 5, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507446231.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005726-00115-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz"}