Beijing Calls New Outbreak Severe And Uncertain; US And Russia Relations Under Pressure; A View On How To Talk To Kids About Racism; Model Projects 200,000 plus U.S. Deaths by October; U.S. Surgeon General Urges Americans to Wear Masks
DR. MICHAEL RYAN, DIRECTOR, HEALTH EMERGENCIES PROGRAM, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: When you spent over 50 days without having any significant local transmission, a cluster like this is a concern.</s>VAUSE: And he's talking about Beijing, where at least 29 neighborhoods are under lockdown because of a new cluster of new cases of the coronavirus linked to a food market, one of the biggest in China, one of the biggest in Asia. CNN's Ivan Watson has more.</s>IVAN WATSON, CNN SR. INTL. CORRESPONDENT: They're throwing away food in Beijing's largest market, a purge triggered by a new outbreak of coronavirus in the Chinese capital. Since last Friday, authorities say they have detected scores of new locally transmitted cases. Most of the new infections trace back to this place, the Xinfadi market, in the south of Beijing. This sprawling wholesale hub distributes more than 80 percent of the fresh produce that feeds this massive city. The market is now closed due to coronavirus.</s>PANG XINGHUO, DEPUTY DIRECTOR, BEIJING CENTER FOR DISEASE PREVENTION & CONTROL: These coronavirus cases have perhaps come in contact with a polluted environment in the market or have come into contact with someone who was infected who then passed on the virus to them, so they had it. For this reason, shutting down Xinfadi agricultural trading market is necessary</s>WATSON: Less than two weeks ago, Beijing was easing coronavirus alert levels. But now officials enforce a strict lockdown on residential compounds around the market. They've launched a huge coronavirus testing spree. Beijing authorities say they've collected tens of thousands of samples in a matter of days and announced plans to contact trace an estimated 200,000 people estimated to have visited the market in the last two weeks. The Chinese government clearly does not want a repeat of what happened last winter when this new virus exploded in the city of Wuhan and then spread like wildfire around the world. "There's no way Beijing becomes Wuhan 2.0," the editor-in-chief of one party-controlled tabloid wrote. "The world will see China's powerful capacity in controlling the epidemic," he added. "We will win again."</s>WATSON: China's now in a race to stop the outbreak. Officials say they've already tracked down several[LS1] cases that spread from the market in Beijing to at least two neighboring provinces. But one important question experts haven't been able to answer yet is how the virus was introduced to this market in the first place. Ivan Watson, CNN, Hong Kong.</s>VAUSE: Brazil reported more than 20,000 new cases of the coronavirus on Monday, bringing the nationwide total to almost 900,000. The virus continues to spread as Brazil marks one month without a health minister. The last two were either fired or resigned after trying to work with President Jair Bolsonaro. At one time, Bolsonaro called the virus a little flu. Along with his attorney general, he's calling for investigations into hospitals claiming some politicians may be inflating their numbers to receive increased government funding. A former U.S. marine now faces 16 years in prison in Russia after having being convicted of espionage. Paul Whelan insists he was framed. Trump Administration officials are furious. It's the latest strain in relations between Washington and Moscow. We get details now from CNN's senior international correspondent, Matthew Chance.</s>PAUL WHELAN: Nothing was translated, Your Honor. I don't know what you said.</s>MATTHEW CHANCE, CNN SR. INTL. CORRESPONDENT: Even as he was sentenced, Paul Whelan protested his innocence. Holding up a sign calling this Russian espionage trial a sham and appealing to President Trump to intervene. After the 16-year prison term was imposed, the U.S. secretary of state expressed outrage. "A secret trial," he tweeted, "with secret evidence," demanding that the U.S. citizen's immediate release. There was criticism from U.S. diplomats in Russia too of what's become yet another sore point in relations with Moscow.</s>JOHN SULLIVAN, U.S. AMBASSADOR TO RUSSIA: It's a mockery of justice. I can't say I'm surprised.</s>CHANCE: It was at this upscale Moscow hotel in December 2018 where the former U.S. marine was arrested for accepting a USB flash drive which Russian security officials says contained classified material. Whelan has always denied any wrongdoing.</s>WHELAN: I want to tell the world that I'm a victim of political kidnap and ransom.</s>CHANCE: Dubbing himself a political hostage to be traded, something the Kremlin vehemently denies. But the idea has been floated by Russian officials in the past. And Whelan's own lawyer now says the sentencing could be used to push for an exchange with an Russian in U.S. jail. At this point, the Cold War-style prisoner swap may be Paul Whelan's best hope of escape.</s>VAUSE: And Whelan's attorney says there will be an appeal. Well, amid a long overdue conversation about race, how do you talk to your kids about it, about racism? We'll have some advice for parents in a moment. And as U.S. states rush to restart their economies, researchers predict the coronavirus death toll will double and then some in the months ahead. The very latest in a moment.</s>JIDE ZEITLIN, CHAIRMAN & CEO, TAPESTRY: We moved very quickly to fortify our financial position, and we think that that was a critical part in being able to think really long term about our people. We really focused on leading with our values when it comes to people. And that's our people, that's our consumer, and that's also broadly the communities that we're a part of.</s>VAUSE: Well, demands for racial justice have started a much-needed conversation around the world. But one of the tougher conversations is between parents and their children. And, as always, there's a right way and a wrong way to have that talk.</s>CROWD: This is what democracy looks like.</s>VAUSE: Joining us is Aisha White, the director of the P.R.I.D.E. Program, Positive Racial Identity Development in Early Education, at the University of Pittsburgh school education and the office of child development. Aisha, thanks for being with us. This isn't really a straightforward answer to this question about what to say to kids. There's not one talk, there are a lot of talks. What a white family says may be different to what a black family discusses, what you say to kids who are four is different to what you say to them when they're 16. But are there general principles that hold true, no matter the age or ethnicity of the family?</s>AISHA WHITE, DIRECTOR, THE P.R.I.D.E. PROGRAM: Yes. So the important thing is for families to begin to have the conversation and have that conversation on a consistent basis. Another thing that we advise parents is that they should actually do some internal work and think about their own racial journeys, what their racial experiences have been. So that that conversation they begin with their child is very authentic and organic. And they also should begin by having conversations first with adults so they have some practice. Believe it or not, researchers suggest that parents practice having these conversation with adults before having them with children.</s>VAUSE: So do young kids -- when we're looking at what's happening with these rallies now because we've seen kids taking part in these demonstrations -- is there a place for them at these? As long as it's peaceful, I guess -- these peaceful demonstrations. Is it a good idea for them to be attending, at a very early age?</s>WHITE: Yes. I think that young children may not fully understand what's happening around them, but they can see that it's something that their parents or their other relatives are very committed to and passionate about. And so that's a good experience for them to have, as long as it ends up being a safe experience.</s>VAUSE: So when you're thinking about exactly having this talk, when a kid is young, what do you say? How do you explain racism to a young kid?</s>WHITE: Well, I would take a step back and say you probably don't want to begin by explaining racism to young children before you start talking to them about race in general. So the beginning point, I believe, is having a conversation with children about differences. And really specific differences; differences in skin color, in hair texture, in facial features, things like shape of eyes. And helping them understand why people look different. And if you start them out that way and start them out with information that's very objective and in some cases scientific then you are laying the groundwork for them learning about race in ways that don't have biases attached to them.</s>VAUSE: Is that --</s>WHITE: And then what -- I'm sorry, go ahead.</s>VAUSE: I was going to say finish your thought. Well, I can pick it up, if you like. Because there are some studies which have shown that kids, they're not bigots, they're not born racist, it's a learned behavior. A few years back, researchers found that beliefs about race that contribute to prejudice take a long time to development, when they do. And that their development depends, to some extent, on the neighborhoods in which the children grow up. Is it fair to say that what parents are saying right now and how they act around their children, especially white parents, can go a long way towards ending racism?</s>WHITE: Towards ending racism?</s>VAUSE: Yes.</s>WHITE: Well, I don't think the conversations will end racism. I think a combination of conversations and then action and then reflection on action and then refining that action and being engaged in specific targeted activities and efforts will begin to chip away at racism. But conversations alone will not. And I would also add that sometimes children learn about race based on where they live, but all children learn about race based on the entire U.S. environment, and in some cases, the international environment. And by that, I mean that they consistently get messages about whiteness being preferred. And that might not necessarily come from the home, it could come from things like what they see on the news stand at the grocery store, who they see at their doctor or their nurse, and what they see on television and other kinds of media. So it comes from being kind of enveloped in this whole world of whiteness. And there is a well-known scholar. Her name is Beverley Daniel Tatum. She described it as smog -- racism as smog -- and something that you might not always be able to see but all the time you're breathing it in. And because you're breathing it in, you eventually breathe it out.</s>JOHN VAUSE, CNN ANCHOR: You know, for most kids they love the police. You know, they're little and they play cops and robbers. So how do you explain to a little kid, you know, that policeman shooting that black man in the back or he's got his -- he's got his knee on that guy, that black man's neck and he can't breathe. How do you deal with that as a parent?</s>WHITE: Well, depending on the age of the child, you might not even want to start talking about the police with them because it may be at least in situations like that because it may be a little too scary for them. And I don't want to use that same old story of people saying that there are good and bad policemen because it's a lot more complicated than that. It has to do, not only with individuals, but also with systems. And so it is something that you might not be able to explain to a young child unless you can explain what systems are because that's not an easy concept for them to understand.</s>VAUSE: Yes. We're almost out of time but just very, very quickly -- so when it comes to explaining to the kids exactly what is going on at the moment, what is the best piece of advice?</s>WHITE: Well, the best piece of advice I think is to help children understand that you will help to keep them safe because what they are seeing is if they're watching the news and I recommend that they not watch the news if they're under a certain age. Let's say that if they are say five and under maybe you should keep them away from the television when the media continues to repeatedly show those images. But I would say that the most important thing for parents to do is behave in ways that they believe represent being open and honest and human to all people. and your children will model that. And also engage in conversations with your child starting at a very early age.</s>VAUSE: Yes.</s>WHITE: And I would add that most people don't know that children can actually tell the difference in skin color as young as three months old. And so you can't talk to a 3-month-old, but you can talk to a one-year-old and a two-year-old and a three-year-old.</s>VAUSE: Good advice to finish on. Aisha -- thank you so much for being with us.</s>WHITE: You're welcome.</s>VAUSE: A widely cited scientific model now projects that the coronavirus could kill more than 200,000 people in the United States by October. That's up from last week's projection of 170,000. Researchers say those numbers rose partly because some states have been easing restrictions too soon. CNN's Erica Hill reports many of those places are starting to see higher infection rates.</s>MAYOR DAN GELBER, MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA: People really got to take this seriously. It's not -- this is not an all-clear where people can do whatever they want.</s>ERICA HILL, CNN CORRESPONDENT: The mayor of Miami Beach not ruling out new mandate for his city, one of the last in Florida to reopen as cases across the state continue to rise. More than 2,500 new cases added on Saturday, a third straight day of record high numbers. They are up in Texas too. And it's not just because there is more testing.</s>DR. UMAR SHAH, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, HARRIS COUNTY TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH: The question I am getting asked a lot is, you know, did reopening or did other events have something to do with this. And some saying no, it didn't. And the answer is absolutely it did. The hard part is to know how much.</s>HILL: Across the country, 18 states seeing the number of new cases trend up over the past week. In Oklahoma, also deep orange on the map. Tulsa recorded its highest daily increase of cases on Friday. President Trump is scheduled to hold a campaign rally there this weekend. The county health director telling the local paper, he wishes it could be postponed to a time when the virus isn't as large a concern.</s>GOVERNOR ANREW CUOMO (D), NEW YORK: People are violating everything, everything.</s>HILL: In New York State, more than 25,000 complaints about businesses and patrons breaking the rules. Governor Andrew Cuomo tweeting this video of packed streets and few face coverings.</s>CUOMO: There are a lot of conscientious people who paid a very high price, did the right thing and they don't want other people ruining it for them.</s>HILL: The Surgeon General encouraging Americans to wear a mask, tweeting, "Face coverings bring more freedom." Dr. Anthony Fauci, in a new interview with "The Telegraph" urging people to keep them on when chanting and screaming at demonstrations, estimating real normality likely won't return until at least next year. The CDC now recommending all close contacts of confirmed cases should be tested not just quarantined and monitored. South Carolina Congressman Tom Rice announcing on Facebook today, he and his family are recovering from the virus, though calling it the "Wuhan flu". Last month, he told CNN he did not wear a mask on the House floor because he was socially distancing.</s>HILL: And the FDA revoking emergency use authorization for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine based on new evidence that they may not be effective to treat COVID-19 and could have adverse health effects.</s>DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Hydroxychloroquine, try it.</s>HILL: President Trump repeatedly touted the drug without evidence. Erica Hill, CNN -- New York.</s>VAUSE: Anne Rimoin is a professor at the UCLA Department of Epidemiology, and director of the school's Center for Global and Immigrant Health. She is with us from Los Angeles. Good to see you.</s>DR. ANNE RIMOIN, UCLA DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY: Good to see you.</s>VAUSE: Ok. You know, at first, we were told masks -- no use in preventing, don't wear them. Said they won't do anything. They are no good unless it's an N-95. Then we're told the mask was good, but don't go out and get them because the health care workers need them. Then we are told, ok, they're good at preventing someone who's asymptomatic from spreading the germs. You're going to do it for everybody else. And now we have this from the National Academy of Sciences which looked at this. They say our study establishes very clearly that using a face mask is not only useful to prevent infected coughing droplets from reaching uninfected persons, but it's also crucial for these uninfected persons to avoid breathing the minute atmospheric particles that infected people emit when talking and they can remain in the atmosphere tens of minutes and can travel tens of feet. So wear a mask, don't wear a mask? Where are we at? What's your advice?</s>RIMOIN: Wear a mask --</s>VAUSE: Hallelujah.</s>RIMOIN: That's what everyone should be doing. And there is -- the evidence for this has been mounting. Listen, you know, we have over the course of the last few months, we've learned quite a bit about this virus, how it spreads and how we can prevent infections. And the evidence has become very clear that masks work.</s>VAUSE: Let's just be clear though. Masks work because usually we're told you're doing this selfless act. The mask won't protect you from getting the virus, but it will stop someone from getting it from you if you're asymptomatic. But now it's both ways, right?</s>RIMOIN: Well listen, the thing is about masks is that it depends upon the masks, it depends upon the quality of the mask, it depends upon how these person is wearing the mask, and nothing is going to provides perfect protection against infection. But a mask -- any mask will definitely provide some measure of protection. Some will provide more than others. And so the fact of the matter is at the very least, what a mask will do is to keep your droplets to yourself as I like to say and make sure that you are not spreading to other people. And there can be added value. There can be added benefit of having some protective benefit as well, but it really depends upon the mask and how the mask is worn.</s>VAUSE: Yes. Because the 95 in N-95 is like 95 percent effective against catching all viruses and other stuff -- right. And then you get back to those surgical hospital masks, which a lot of people are wearing, they're about 70 percent effective in helping you not catch a virus. And then you go down to the pieces of cloth or whatever the cloth masks which are about 30 percent. Have I got those numbers about right?</s>RIMOIN: I don't actually know the exact numbers for this and the data has been coming out which, you know -- we haven't really been studying this before in great detail. And so we are only just now learning about this. But the proportion of what you are saying is exactly the truth. What we know is that masks will provide protection and a cloth mask provides probably the least amount of protection, but it still does a good job of protecting other people from you. The next, of course, being the surgical mask and then an N-95, absolutely. These are all very important options. And as we have looked at other countries that have been able to stop the spread of the virus and do a really good job of keeping infection rates low, there are all countries where people have been wearing masks and adopted mask- wearing very easily. You know, our problem is that all of a sudden masks have become politicized and something about, you know -- something about liberty versus -- you know, science. And the fact of the matter is that masks will make a difference. And the more people wear masks, the sooner we'll be able to -- be able to stop the spread of the virus or rally reduce stop the spread of the virus. And so it's in everybody's best interest.</s>VAUSE: Absolutely. But where -- wear outside all the time, inside all the time, crowded areas -- what. Again -- because, people are not going to wear masks all the time. The bottom line. They want to take them off when they feel it's safe. So where is it safe or safer not to wear a mask?</s>RIMOIN: When you are in a public space, you should wear a mask. When you are home, when you're with other people that you do not need to protect or be protected from, that you are living with then you can take the mask off. You don't need to be wearing a mask at home. But for example, for people who have been out protesting or have been -- have not been socially distant, my recommendation is, if you go home and you can't self quarantine, if you live with other people, if you have to go to work, wear a mask. You're going to protect other people from you. So that's a perfect example of when you should be wearing a mask.</s>RIMOIN: So if you are in a home where you are living with people who might be more vulnerable than you are or you have put yourself in a situation where you may have been exposed, wear a mask. And wear a mask all other times when you are outside. It's the right thing to do. You protect other people and we will be able to reduce the spread of this virus.</s>VAUSE: It is the right thing to do. That's the key. I wanted to talk very quickly about a vaccine which many non-masks wearers are counting on, I think. But something which I haven't really heard about here when we're talking about a vaccine is the definition of success. Is it enough for a vaccine to prevent, you know, a severe round of COVID-19? Does it also need to prevent moderate rounds of COVID-19? Does it need to prevent it altogether? Does it need to stop transmission? What are we looking at here? What are we striving for in a vaccine?</s>RIMOIN: Well, you know, no vaccine is going to be perfect. But a vaccine that can do any of the things that you have just -- that you have just listed will be an important stride. It will be a very important move forward that will help us be able to return to normal. If we are less afraid of getting this virus because it becomes a less severe infection -- that is a major, major move in the right direction if it means that you are 40 to 60 percent protected against the virus, like we are with most flu vaccines, that's a major, major improvement on where we are right now. So any vaccine that can make a change in how severe the virus is or whether or not we get it or can spread it to other people is important. What we'll end up with, we'll see. The data is not out yet. So we're still waiting to learn more about what these vaccines or, what the data looks like and what kind of protection they can provide.</s>VAUSE: Anne Rimoin -- you are awesome. Thank you so much. It is great having you with us. Your advice and your expertise is so much appreciated. Thank you.</s>RIMOIN: It's my pleasure.</s>VAUSE: Well after an 11-week grounding, EasyJet is back in the air. But Europe's second busiest carrier said it will be three years before business returns to pre-pandemic levels. More on that -- to the live report in a moment.