Results on the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for Covid-19 have shown no significant differences in health outcomes between the control group and patients who received the experimental drug.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

HCQ should be prescribed as a part of treatment for critically ill COVID-19 patients, with possible outcome of saving lives.


Results on the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for Covid-19 have shown no significant differences in health outcomes between the control group and patients who received the experimental drug.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

The available evidence suggests that CQ or HCQ does not improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19.


Results on the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for Covid-19 have shown no significant differences in health outcomes between the control group and patients who received the experimental drug.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

There is theoretical, experimental, preclinical and clinical evidence of the effectiveness of chloroquine in patients affected with COVID-19.


Results on the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for Covid-19 have shown no significant differences in health outcomes between the control group and patients who received the experimental drug.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin showed benefits in positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95 [95% CI,0.19 to 19.73] and a reduction in progression rate (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.58 to 1.37]), but without demonstrating any statistical significance.


The good news. Properly disinfecting our homes and commonly touched objects helps prevent the spread of all contagious diseases, including COVID-19.

Question: Can vinegar help in preventing COVID-19?

As discussed in this review, till effective vaccines and treatments emerge, it is important to understand the scientific rationale of pandemic-mitigation strategies such as wearing facemasks and social distancing, and implement them.


The good news. Properly disinfecting our homes and commonly touched objects helps prevent the spread of all contagious diseases, including COVID-19.

Question: Can vinegar help in preventing COVID-19?

Considering its potential benefits and high availability, acetic acid disinfection appears to be a promising adjunctive therapy in cases of non-severe COVID-19 and deserves further investigation.


The good news. Properly disinfecting our homes and commonly touched objects helps prevent the spread of all contagious diseases, including COVID-19.

Question: Can vinegar help in preventing COVID-19?

In Unani medicine, during an epidemic, apart from isolation and quarantine, three measures are of utmost importance, (i) purification of surroundings using certain herbal drugs as fumigants or sprays, (ii) health promotion and immune-modulation, and (iii) use of health-protecting drugs and symptom-specific drugs. Drugs such as loban (Styrax benzoides W. G. Craib), sandroos (Hymenaea verrucosa Gaertn.) za'fran (Crocus sativus L.), vinegar etc. are prescribed in various forms.


The good news. Properly disinfecting our homes and commonly touched objects helps prevent the spread of all contagious diseases, including COVID-19.

Question: Can vinegar help in preventing COVID-19?

Numerous clinical trials have been launched to identify effective treatments for COVID-19. Initial data from a placebo-controlled study suggest faster time to recovery in patients on remdesivir; it is now being evaluated in additional controlled studies.


If you decide to engage in public activities, continue to protect yourself by practicing everyday preventive actions.; Keep these items on hand when venturing out: a mask, tissues, and a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol, if possible.

Question: How much impact do masks have on preventing the spread of the COVID-19?

Model simulations, using data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of New York and Washington, suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective face masks may meaningfully reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and decrease peak hospitalizations and deaths.


If you decide to engage in public activities, continue to protect yourself by practicing everyday preventive actions.; Keep these items on hand when venturing out: a mask, tissues, and a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol, if possible.

Question: How much impact do masks have on preventing the spread of the COVID-19?

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV2 is a rapidly spreading global pandemic. Although precise transmission routes and dynamics are unknown, SARS-CoV2 is thought primarily to spread via contagious respiratory droplets.


If you decide to engage in public activities, continue to protect yourself by practicing everyday preventive actions.; Keep these items on hand when venturing out: a mask, tissues, and a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol, if possible.

Question: How much impact do masks have on preventing the spread of the COVID-19?

Depending on the region we analyse, we find that face masks reduced the cumulative number of registered Covid-19 cases between 2.3% and 13% over a period of 10 days after they became compulsory. Assessing the credibility of the various estimates, we conclude that face masks reduce the daily growth rate of reported infections by around 40%.


If you decide to engage in public activities, continue to protect yourself by practicing everyday preventive actions.; Keep these items on hand when venturing out: a mask, tissues, and a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol, if possible.

Question: How much impact do masks have on preventing the spread of the COVID-19?

It would therefore be reasonable to suggest that consistent widespread use of face masks in the community could prevent further spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Blood clotting a significant cause of death in patients with COVID-19

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Respiratory failure has been cited as the major cause of death


Blood clotting a significant cause of death in patients with COVID-19

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

The cause of most deaths has been acute pneumonia.


Blood clotting a significant cause of death in patients with COVID-19

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Lack of personal protective equipment was cited as a common cause of death.


Blood clotting a significant cause of death in patients with COVID-19

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Compared to the recovered group, more patients in the death group exhibited characteristics of advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities, dyspnea, oxygen saturation decrease, increased WBC count, decreased lymphocytes, and elevated CRP levels.


But until we understand more about who is a carrier of COVID-19, the goal of wearing a mask should be to protect others from your own respiratory droplets. And any mask is better than no mask.

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden Syrian hamster model for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)


But until we understand more about who is a carrier of COVID-19, the goal of wearing a mask should be to protect others from your own respiratory droplets. And any mask is better than no mask.

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Evidence on mask effectiveness for respiratory infection prevention is stronger in health care than community settings.


But until we understand more about who is a carrier of COVID-19, the goal of wearing a mask should be to protect others from your own respiratory droplets. And any mask is better than no mask.

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Respirators such as filtering face piece (FFP) 2 masks were designed to protect HCWs, while surgical masks were originally intended to protect patients (e.g., during surgery).


But until we understand more about who is a carrier of COVID-19, the goal of wearing a mask should be to protect others from your own respiratory droplets. And any mask is better than no mask.

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Community mask use was possibly associated with decreased risk for SARS-CoV-1 infection in observational studies.


The COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel (the Panel) recommends against the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients (AI).

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

The available evidence suggests that CQ or HCQ does not improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19.


The COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel (the Panel) recommends against the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients (AI).

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

the use of hydroxychloroquine alone was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients.


The COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel (the Panel) recommends against the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients (AI).

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

mortality rate was increased when the treatment was conducted with hydroxychloroquine.


The COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel (the Panel) recommends against the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients (AI).

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

The odds of mortality were significantly higher in patients treated with Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin than supportive care alone [2.34 (95% CI: 1.63, 3.34); I2 = 0%]. A pooled analysis of recently published studies suggests no additional benefit for reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients when Hydroxychloroquine is given as add-on to the standard care.


Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

compounds derived from Allium sativum (garlic) have the potential to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to reverse the immunological abnormalities to more acceptable levels. Allium sativum is suggested as a beneficial preventive measure before being infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus.


Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

In late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, several patients with viral pneumonia were identified as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). So far, there are no specific treatments for patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), and the treatments available today are based on previous experience with similar viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Influenza virus.


Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

In conclusion, Allium sativum may be an acceptable preventive measure against COVID-19 infection to boost immune system cells and to repress the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as an adipose tissue derived hormone leptin having the proinflammatory nature.


Now a days, due to staying indoors, it is possible that you will develop the deficiency of vitamin D.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.


Now a days, due to staying indoors, it is possible that you will develop the deficiency of vitamin D.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. These include direct inhibition with viral replication or with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory ways. In the meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation has been shown as safe and effective against acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, people who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency during this global pandemic should consider taking vitamin D supplements to maintain the circulating 25(OH)D in the optimal levels (75-125nmol/L).


Now a days, due to staying indoors, it is possible that you will develop the deficiency of vitamin D.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A significant negative correlation (p=0.033) has been observed between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries.


Now a days, due to staying indoors, it is possible that you will develop the deficiency of vitamin D.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

In Middle East, the recovery rate (r= 0.267) and mortality rate (r= -0.217) showed a medium correlation.


in vivo preclinical results with favipiravir which indicate that antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 might only be achieved with a very high dose.

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

At this point, the data here presented on hydroxychloroquine either alone or combined with azithromycin (together with previously reported in vivo data in macaques and ferrets) provide no scientific basis for further use of the drug in humans.


in vivo preclinical results with favipiravir which indicate that antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 might only be achieved with a very high dose.

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

There is no therapeutic FDA-approved drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection, although a combination of anti-viral drugs is directly being practiced in some countries.


in vivo preclinical results with favipiravir which indicate that antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 might only be achieved with a very high dose.

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

Thus, our goal is to test the most active antivirals identified in adequate animal models infected with SARS-CoV-2, to add more information about possible in vivo efficacy. In turn, successful antivirals could be tested in clinical trials as treatments for infected patients, but also as pre-exposure prophylaxis to avoid novel infections until an effective and safe vaccine is developed.


in vivo preclinical results with favipiravir which indicate that antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 might only be achieved with a very high dose.

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

The results suggest the effectiveness of Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 since they tightly bind to its RdRp. In addition, the results suggest guanosine derivative (IDX-184), Setrobuvir, and YAK as top seeds for antiviral treatments with high potential to fight the SARS-CoV-2 strain specifically.


Lockdowns and Mask Mandates Do Not Lead to Reduced COVID transmission rates or deaths

Question: How much impact do masks have on preventing the spread of the COVID-19?

We recommend immediate mask wearing recommendations, official guidelines for correct use, and awareness campaigns to shift masking mindsets away from pure self-protection, towards aspirational goals of responsibly protecting one's community.


Lockdowns and Mask Mandates Do Not Lead to Reduced COVID transmission rates or deaths

Question: How much impact do masks have on preventing the spread of the COVID-19?

Depending on the region we analyse, we find that face masks reduced the cumulative number of registered Covid-19 cases between 2.3% and 13% over a period of 10 days after they became compulsory. Assessing the credibility of the various estimates, we conclude that face masks reduce the daily growth rate of reported infections by around 40%.


Lockdowns and Mask Mandates Do Not Lead to Reduced COVID transmission rates or deaths

Question: How much impact do masks have on preventing the spread of the COVID-19?

It would therefore be reasonable to suggest that consistent widespread use of face masks in the community could prevent further spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Lockdowns and Mask Mandates Do Not Lead to Reduced COVID transmission rates or deaths

Question: How much impact do masks have on preventing the spread of the COVID-19?

Our results suggest use of face masks by the general public is potentially of high value in curtailing community transmission and the burden of the pandemic. The community-wide benefits are likely to be greatest when face masks are used in conjunction with other non-pharmaceutical practices (such as social-distancing), and when adoption is nearly universal (nation-wide) and compliance is high.


young men with severe COVID-19 had mutations in the gene for a certain cell receptor. This receptor, some researchers suspect, grows scarcer as we age.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Distinguishing pre-existing and de novo antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 will be critical for serology, seroprevalence and vaccine studies, as well as for our understanding of susceptibility to and natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.


young men with severe COVID-19 had mutations in the gene for a certain cell receptor. This receptor, some researchers suspect, grows scarcer as we age.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Based on animal experiments, already acquired data on other coronavirus types and plausibility assumptions, it can be assumed that seroconverted patients have an immunity of limited duration and only a very low risk of reinfection.


young men with severe COVID-19 had mutations in the gene for a certain cell receptor. This receptor, some researchers suspect, grows scarcer as we age.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

The number of these epitopes and the prevalence of the common coronaviruses suggest that a large part of the world population has some degree of specific immunity against SARS-CoV-2 already, even without having been infected by that virus.


young men with severe COVID-19 had mutations in the gene for a certain cell receptor. This receptor, some researchers suspect, grows scarcer as we age.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

The number of these epitopes and the prevalence of the common coronaviruses suggest that a large part of the world population has some degree of specific immunity against SARS-CoV-2 already, even without having been infected by that virus.


There is no correlation between Vitamin D levels and Covid-19 infection risk

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

In Europe, there were no correlations for both recovery (r= 0.040) and mortality rate (r= -0.035).


There is no correlation between Vitamin D levels and Covid-19 infection risk

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

In Middle East, the recovery rate (r= 0.267) and mortality rate (r= -0.217) showed a medium correlation.


There is no correlation between Vitamin D levels and Covid-19 infection risk

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.


There is no correlation between Vitamin D levels and Covid-19 infection risk

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. These include direct inhibition with viral replication or with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory ways. In the meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation has been shown as safe and effective against acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, people who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency during this global pandemic should consider taking vitamin D supplements to maintain the circulating 25(OH)D in the optimal levels (75-125nmol/L).


A weaker immune system is one reason people with high blood pressure and other health problems are at higher risk for coronavirus.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

The number of these epitopes and the prevalence of the common coronaviruses suggest that a large part of the world population has some degree of specific immunity against SARS-CoV-2 already, even without having been infected by that virus.


A weaker immune system is one reason people with high blood pressure and other health problems are at higher risk for coronavirus.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Thus both qualitative and quantitative features of B and T cell immunity to spike constitute informative biomarkers of the protective potential of novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.


A weaker immune system is one reason people with high blood pressure and other health problems are at higher risk for coronavirus.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

we discovered evidence that SARS-CoV-2, along with related coronaviruses, used mutations to evade attack from the human immune system. Overall, we present an immunological resource for SARS-CoV-2 that could promote both therapeutic development and mechanistic research.


A weaker immune system is one reason people with high blood pressure and other health problems are at higher risk for coronavirus.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Based on animal experiments, already acquired data on other coronavirus types and plausibility assumptions, it can be assumed that seroconverted patients have an immunity of limited duration and only a very low risk of reinfection.


long-term exposure to PM2.5 air pollution, produced by sources including wildfires, power plants and vehicles, may make the coronavirus particularly deadly.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Results indicated that temperatures had a negative linear relationship with the number of confirmed cases.


long-term exposure to PM2.5 air pollution, produced by sources including wildfires, power plants and vehicles, may make the coronavirus particularly deadly.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Each 1 C rise of temperature was associated with a 4.8951% (t = 2.29, p = 0.0226) decrease in the number of daily cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19


long-term exposure to PM2.5 air pollution, produced by sources including wildfires, power plants and vehicles, may make the coronavirus particularly deadly.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

temperature is the most influential parameter that reduces the growth at the rate of 13-17 cases/day with a 1C rise in temperature.


long-term exposure to PM2.5 air pollution, produced by sources including wildfires, power plants and vehicles, may make the coronavirus particularly deadly.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

the temperature changes retarded the growth rate and found that -6.28{degrees}C and +14.51{degrees}C temperature is the favorable range for COVID-19 growth


Adequate Levels of Vitamin D Reduce Complications, Death Among COVID-19 Patients

Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Some nutrients are actively involved in the proper functioning and strengthening of the human immune system against viral infections including dietary protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, iron, zinc, and selenium. Few studies were done on the effect of dietary components on prevention of COVID-19, but supplementation with these nutrients may be effective in improving the health status of patients with viral infections.


Adequate Levels of Vitamin D Reduce Complications, Death Among COVID-19 Patients

Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

The majority of documents encouraged the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods. Thirty-one percent of the guidelines highlighted the importance of minerals and vitamins such as zinc and vitamins C, A, and D to maintain a well-functioning immune system.


Adequate Levels of Vitamin D Reduce Complications, Death Among COVID-19 Patients

Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

We identified a total of 17 patients who received IV vitamin C for COVID-19. The inpatient mortality rate in this series was 12% with 17.6% rates of intubation and mechanical ventilation. We noted a significant decrease in inflammatory markers, including ferritin and D-dimer, and a trend to decreasing FiO2 requirements, after vitamin C administration.


Adequate Levels of Vitamin D Reduce Complications, Death Among COVID-19 Patients

Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Although COVID-19 can be rapidly diagnosed, efficient clinical treatment of COVID-19 remains unavailable, resulting in high fatality.


pets are not able to spread the COVID-19 virus.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Likewise, the S protein nucleotide sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus isolated in domestic animals and humans is identical, and the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 in cats is efficient.


pets are not able to spread the COVID-19 virus.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now a pandemic threat. This virus is supposed to be spread by human to human transmission.


pets are not able to spread the COVID-19 virus.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

ferrets and cats are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 as infected by virus inoculation and can transmit the virus directly or indirectly by droplets or airborne routes.


pets are not able to spread the COVID-19 virus.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Covid19 origin and transmission to humans.


COVID-19 pandemic has helped drive gun violence and increase killings

Question: How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted violence in society, including violent crimes?

Numerous articles have reported a decrease in reports of domestic violence since quarantine began


COVID-19 pandemic has helped drive gun violence and increase killings

Question: How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted violence in society, including violent crimes?

The novel coronavirus pandemic (hereafter COVID-19) is likely to have unprecedented impacts on the incidence and impacts of crime and violence globally.


COVID-19 pandemic has helped drive gun violence and increase killings

Question: How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted violence in society, including violent crimes?

Domestic violence is a global public health problem.


COVID-19 Cases Drop in Warm Weather, But Not Much

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

temperature is the most influential parameter that reduces the growth at the rate of 13-17 cases/day with a 1C rise in temperature.


COVID-19 Cases Drop in Warm Weather, But Not Much

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Being a novel pandemic coronavirus version, it might be ongoing during summer conditions associated with higher air temperatures, low relative humidity and precipitation levels.


COVID-19 Cases Drop in Warm Weather, But Not Much

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Each 1 C rise of temperature was associated with a 4.8951% (t = 2.29, p = 0.0226) decrease in the number of daily cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19


COVID-19 Cases Drop in Warm Weather, But Not Much

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Temperature is the most influential parameter that reduces the growth at the rate of 13-16 cases/day with a 1{degrees}C rise in temperature


BCG: Can a vaccine from 1921 save lives from Covid-19? The vaccine was designed to stop tuberculosis, but there is some evidence it can protect against other infections as well.

Question: can bcg vaccine cure covid-19

It was seen that the countries with no universal BCG policy had a mean 1272.9 (median 795) cases per million and 80.7 deaths (median 18) per million population.


BCG: Can a vaccine from 1921 save lives from Covid-19? The vaccine was designed to stop tuberculosis, but there is some evidence it can protect against other infections as well.

Question: can bcg vaccine cure covid-19

The adjusted rates ratio of COVID-19 confirmed cases for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination was 0.339 (with 95% CI= (0.338,0.340)).


BCG: Can a vaccine from 1921 save lives from Covid-19? The vaccine was designed to stop tuberculosis, but there is some evidence it can protect against other infections as well.

Question: can bcg vaccine cure covid-19

The non-specific beneficial effects of Bacille Calmette-Gurin (BCG) vaccination suggest that this vaccine might play a role in protecting individuals against severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19).


BCG: Can a vaccine from 1921 save lives from Covid-19? The vaccine was designed to stop tuberculosis, but there is some evidence it can protect against other infections as well.

Question: can bcg vaccine cure covid-19

Universal immunization of BCG can provide great protection against the COVID-19 infection because the BCG vaccine gives broad protection against respiratory infections.


surgical masks are effective barriers in preventing people from discharging infectious particles, at least quantity-wise.

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Such transmission could be reduced by surgical mask usage, especially when masks were worn by infected individuals.


surgical masks are effective barriers in preventing people from discharging infectious particles, at least quantity-wise.

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

To determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, to provide evidence on the rational use of masks, and to discuss additional measures important for the protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19.


surgical masks are effective barriers in preventing people from discharging infectious particles, at least quantity-wise.

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Surgical mask partition for challenged index or nave hamsters significantly reduced transmission to 25% (6/24, P=0.018).


surgical masks are effective barriers in preventing people from discharging infectious particles, at least quantity-wise.

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Evidence on mask effectiveness for respiratory infection prevention is stronger in health care than community settings.


it is possible to get COVID-19 by coming into contact with infected particles that can survive on surfaces for days or weeks. That led people to vigorously wipe down their light switches, scrub their groceries, and horde cleaning supplies.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Human Coronavirus 229E Remains Infectious on Common Touch Surface Materials


it is possible to get COVID-19 by coming into contact with infected particles that can survive on surfaces for days or weeks. That led people to vigorously wipe down their light switches, scrub their groceries, and horde cleaning supplies.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Nonfabric surface materials were found to be much more favorable in the indirect contact transmission for RSV and rhinovirus than fabric surface materials.


it is possible to get COVID-19 by coming into contact with infected particles that can survive on surfaces for days or weeks. That led people to vigorously wipe down their light switches, scrub their groceries, and horde cleaning supplies.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.


it is possible to get COVID-19 by coming into contact with infected particles that can survive on surfaces for days or weeks. That led people to vigorously wipe down their light switches, scrub their groceries, and horde cleaning supplies.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

The risk of transmission via touching contaminated paper is low.


Respiratory failure is a Common Cause of Death in Critically Ill Coronavirus Patients

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Lack of personal protective equipment was cited as a common cause of death.


Respiratory failure is a Common Cause of Death in Critically Ill Coronavirus Patients

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

The cause of most deaths has been acute pneumonia.


Respiratory failure is a Common Cause of Death in Critically Ill Coronavirus Patients

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Respiratory failure has been cited as the major cause of death


Respiratory failure is a Common Cause of Death in Critically Ill Coronavirus Patients

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Compared to the recovered group, more patients in the death group exhibited characteristics of advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities, dyspnea, oxygen saturation decrease, increased WBC count, decreased lymphocytes, and elevated CRP levels.


It's a low risk to get covid-19 by groceries and packages that we have delivered, but it's possible that if someone is delivering a package to your house and they are sick, that may be a route for transmission.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

The most common coronaviruses may well survive or persist on surfaces for up to one month.


It's a low risk to get covid-19 by groceries and packages that we have delivered, but it's possible that if someone is delivering a package to your house and they are sick, that may be a route for transmission.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is transmitted by person-to-person contact, via airborne droplets, or through contact with contaminated surfaces.


It's a low risk to get covid-19 by groceries and packages that we have delivered, but it's possible that if someone is delivering a package to your house and they are sick, that may be a route for transmission.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Surfaces near patients hospitalized with respiratory infections were frequently contaminated by pathogens, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being most common, highlighting the potential for transmission of respiratory pathogens via surfaces.


It's a low risk to get covid-19 by groceries and packages that we have delivered, but it's possible that if someone is delivering a package to your house and they are sick, that may be a route for transmission.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Contacting contaminated nonfabric surfaces may pose an indirect contact risk up to three orders of magnitude higher than that of contacting contaminated fabric surfaces.


the coronavirus hasn't been bioengineered

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

This paper investigates the COVID-19 virus origin by using artificial intelligence (AI) and raw genomic sequences of the virus.


the coronavirus hasn't been bioengineered

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

However, the source(s) and transmission routine(s) of SARSCoV2 remain elusive' (1).


the coronavirus hasn't been bioengineered

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Recent research results suggest that bats or pangolins might be the original hosts for the virus based on comparative studies using its genomic sequences.


the coronavirus hasn't been bioengineered

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Zhou et al (1) mentioned that 'Direct contact with intermediate host animals or consumption of wild animals was suspected to be the main route of SARSCoV2 transmission.


The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 mainly spreads from person to person.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.


The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 mainly spreads from person to person.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

In this new study, human coronavirus 229E was rapidly inactivated on a range of copper alloys (within a few minutes for simulated fingertip contamination) and Cu/Zn brasses were very effective at lower copper concentration.


The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 mainly spreads from person to person.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

It was found that 83% and 77% of the bedside surfaces of MRSA-positive and MRSA-negative patients respectively were contaminated with staphylococci at 08:00 hours, and that the staphylococcal concentrations increased by 80% at 1200 h over a 4-hour period with routine ward and clinical activities.


The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 mainly spreads from person to person.

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Our findings of extensive viral RNA contamination of surfaces and air across a range of acute healthcare settings in the absence of cultured virus underlines the potential risk from surface and air contamination in managing COVID-19, and the need for effective use of PPE, social distancing, and hand/surface hygiene.


COVID-19 symptoms can sometimes persist for months

Question: are heart complications likely in patients with COVID-19?

Cardiovascular complications were mainly observed in the confirmed COVID-19+group, consisting of heart failure (9%), palpitations/arrhythmias (3%), stroke/TIA (3%) and pulmonary hypertension (3%). Cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain (1%), myocardial injury (1%) and pericardial effusion (1%) were also recorded.


COVID-19 symptoms can sometimes persist for months

Question: are heart complications likely in patients with COVID-19?

Myocardial injury is significantly associated with fatal outcome of COVID-19, while the prognosis of patients with underlying CVD but without myocardial injury is relatively favorable. Myocardial injury is associated with cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Inflammation may be a potential mechanism for myocardial injury.


COVID-19 symptoms can sometimes persist for months

Question: are heart complications likely in patients with COVID-19?

The cardiovascular system is also affected, with complications including myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, and venous thromboembolic events. Current therapies for COVID-19 may interact with cardiovascular medications.


COVID-19 symptoms can sometimes persist for months

Question: are heart complications likely in patients with COVID-19?

the greater susceptibility of individuals with underlying cardiovascular conditions to develop more severe Covid-19 with higher mortality rate is likely to be confounded, in part, by age and the type of co-morbidities. Patients with heart failure or chronic kidney disease might show an excess risk


hydroxychloroquine may limit spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

Despite its small sample size our survey shows that hydroxychloroquine treatment is significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients and its effect is reinforced by azithromycin.


hydroxychloroquine may limit spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

the use of hydroxychloroquine alone was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients.


hydroxychloroquine may limit spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

Since COVID-19 outbreak, various agents have been tested but no proven effective therapies have been identified.


hydroxychloroquine may limit spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

HCQ should be prescribed as a part of treatment for critically ill COVID-19 patients, with possible outcome of saving lives.


Vitamin D reduces infection and impact of COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

ecological investigation on 51 countries including 408,748 participants, analyses indicated no correlation between vitamin D levels and recovery rate (r= 0.041) as well as mortality rate (r=-0.073) globally.


Vitamin D reduces infection and impact of COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.


Vitamin D reduces infection and impact of COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A significant negative correlation (p=0.033) has been observed between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries.


Vitamin D reduces infection and impact of COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Vitamin D dose was not significantly associated with testing positive for COVID-19.


While most of the drug treatments (the FDA-approved drugs lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabinetenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection) marginally reduced clinical symptoms, they did not reduce virus titers, with the exception of emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment, which led to diminished virus titers in nasal washes at 8 dpi.

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

Thus, our goal is to test the most active antivirals identified in adequate animal models infected with SARS-CoV-2, to add more information about possible in vivo efficacy. In turn, successful antivirals could be tested in clinical trials as treatments for infected patients, but also as pre-exposure prophylaxis to avoid novel infections until an effective and safe vaccine is developed.


While most of the drug treatments (the FDA-approved drugs lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabinetenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection) marginally reduced clinical symptoms, they did not reduce virus titers, with the exception of emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment, which led to diminished virus titers in nasal washes at 8 dpi.

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

The results suggest the effectiveness of Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 since they tightly bind to its RdRp. In addition, the results suggest guanosine derivative (IDX-184), Setrobuvir, and YAK as top seeds for antiviral treatments with high potential to fight the SARS-CoV-2 strain specifically.


While most of the drug treatments (the FDA-approved drugs lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabinetenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection) marginally reduced clinical symptoms, they did not reduce virus titers, with the exception of emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment, which led to diminished virus titers in nasal washes at 8 dpi.

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

When used for prophylaxis or treatment neither the standard human malaria dose (6.5 mg/kg) nor a high dose (50 mg/kg) of HCQ had any beneficial effect on clinical disease or SARS-CoV-2 kinetics (replication/shedding) in the Syrian hamster disease model. Similarly, HCQ prophylaxis/treatment (6.5 mg/kg) did not significantly benefit clinical outcome nor reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication/shedding in the upper and lower respiratory tract in the rhesus macaque disease model. In conclusion, our preclinical animal studies do not support the use of HCQ in prophylaxis/treatment of COVID-19.


While most of the drug treatments (the FDA-approved drugs lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabinetenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection) marginally reduced clinical symptoms, they did not reduce virus titers, with the exception of emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment, which led to diminished virus titers in nasal washes at 8 dpi.

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

We show that a high (5106 pfu) and medium (5104 pfu) dose of SARS-CoV-2 induces consistent upper respiratory tract (URT) viral RNA shedding in both groups of six challenged animals, whilst a low dose (5102 pfu) resulted in only one of six displaying signs of URT viral RNA replication.


camostat mesylate inhibited infection of important target cells - human lung epithelial cells,

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

Several efforts are currently made to find a treatment for COVID-19 patients. So far, several anti-viral and immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs have demonstrated some efficacy on COVID-19 both in vitro and in animal models as well as in cases series.


camostat mesylate inhibited infection of important target cells - human lung epithelial cells,

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

Thus, our goal is to test the most active antivirals identified in adequate animal models infected with SARS-CoV-2, to add more information about possible in vivo efficacy. In turn, successful antivirals could be tested in clinical trials as treatments for infected patients, but also as pre-exposure prophylaxis to avoid novel infections until an effective and safe vaccine is developed.


camostat mesylate inhibited infection of important target cells - human lung epithelial cells,

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

At this point, the data here presented on hydroxychloroquine either alone or combined with azithromycin (together with previously reported in vivo data in macaques and ferrets) provide no scientific basis for further use of the drug in humans.


camostat mesylate inhibited infection of important target cells - human lung epithelial cells,

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

When used for prophylaxis or treatment neither the standard human malaria dose (6.5 mg/kg) nor a high dose (50 mg/kg) of HCQ had any beneficial effect on clinical disease or SARS-CoV-2 kinetics (replication/shedding) in the Syrian hamster disease model. Similarly, HCQ prophylaxis/treatment (6.5 mg/kg) did not significantly benefit clinical outcome nor reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication/shedding in the upper and lower respiratory tract in the rhesus macaque disease model. In conclusion, our preclinical animal studies do not support the use of HCQ in prophylaxis/treatment of COVID-19.


mask-wearing can lessen COVID-19 severity

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

In this study, we demonstrated, using avian coronavirus of infectious bronchitis virus to mimic SARSCoV2, that medical masks and N95 masks remained their blocking efficacy after being steamed on boiling water even for 2 hours.


mask-wearing can lessen COVID-19 severity

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use.


mask-wearing can lessen COVID-19 severity

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk.


mask-wearing can lessen COVID-19 severity

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

It would therefore be reasonable to suggest that consistent widespread use of face masks in the community could prevent further spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


People wearing face coverings will take in fewer coronavirus particles, evidence suggests, making disease less severe.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

It would therefore be reasonable to suggest that consistent widespread use of face masks in the community could prevent further spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


People wearing face coverings will take in fewer coronavirus particles, evidence suggests, making disease less severe.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context.


People wearing face coverings will take in fewer coronavirus particles, evidence suggests, making disease less severe.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

We find that the critical mask adherence is 5 per 100 when 80% wear face masks.


People wearing face coverings will take in fewer coronavirus particles, evidence suggests, making disease less severe.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Our results indicate that surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals.


Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

The current study focuses on the relationship between environmental parameters and the growth rate of COVID-19. The statistical analysis suggests that the temperature changes retarded the growth rate and found that -6.28C and +14.51C temperature is the favorable range for COVID-19 growth.


Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Temperature is the most influential parameter that reduces the growth at the rate of 13-16 cases/day with a 1{degrees}C rise in temperature


Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

We show that the delay between exposure and detection of infection complicates the estimation of weather impact on COVID-19 transmission, potentially explaining significant variability in results to-date


Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

In the southern cities, the ambient temperature and air pollution have a negative interactive effect on COVID-19 transmission, implying that rising temperature restrains the facilitating effects of air pollution and that they jointly lead to a decrease in new confirmed cases.


there is currently no evidence that animals, including pets, can be infected with the coronavirus, and no evidence that animals can spread the virus

Question: Can pets get the coronavirus disease?

It is now accepted that the wild fauna, probably bats, constitute the initial reservoir of the virus, but little is known about the role pets can play in the spread of the disease in human communities, knowing the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect some domestic animals.


A more specialized mask, known as an N95 respirator, can protect against the new coronavirus, also called SARS-CoV-2.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use.


A more specialized mask, known as an N95 respirator, can protect against the new coronavirus, also called SARS-CoV-2.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

2) addresses controversies surrounding the mask from perspectives of attitude, effectiveness, and necessity of wearing the mask with evidence that the use of mask would effectively interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases in both hospital settings and community settings;


A more specialized mask, known as an N95 respirator, can protect against the new coronavirus, also called SARS-CoV-2.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

We find that the critical mask adherence is 5 per 100 when 80% wear face masks.


A more specialized mask, known as an N95 respirator, can protect against the new coronavirus, also called SARS-CoV-2.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Our results indicate that surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals.


recovered COVID-19 patients have protection for 3 months

Question: Are you immune to COVID-19 after recovering from it?

A multiple sclerosis patient infected by SARS-CoV-2 during fingolimod therapy was hospitalized with moderate clinical features, and recovered in 15 days.


recovered COVID-19 patients have protection for 3 months

Question: Are you immune to COVID-19 after recovering from it?

Recently, an increasing number of reports have indicated that a few patients who were believed to have recovered from COVID-19 initially tested negative but later tested positive.


recovered COVID-19 patients have protection for 3 months

Question: Are you immune to COVID-19 after recovering from it?

Several studies suggest that acquired immunity may protect upon further exposure to SARSCOV2


recovered COVID-19 patients have protection for 3 months

Question: Are you immune to COVID-19 after recovering from it?

we serially analysed immune responses in 113 COVID-19 patients with moderate (non-ICU) and severe (ICU) disease.


Flu: Flu viruses can cause mild to severe illness, including common signs and symptoms listed above. COVID-19: Other signs and symptoms of COVID-19, different from flu, may include change in or loss of taste or smell.

Question: How does the coronavirus differ from seasonal flu?

Temporal analyses of laboratory results revealed that compared to influenza, patients with COVID-19 exhibited a continued increase in the white blood cell count, rapid decline of hemoglobin, more rapid increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and D-dimer, and higher level of alanine transaminase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and fibrinogen.


Flu: Flu viruses can cause mild to severe illness, including common signs and symptoms listed above. COVID-19: Other signs and symptoms of COVID-19, different from flu, may include change in or loss of taste or smell.

Question: How does the coronavirus differ from seasonal flu?

There are significant differences in the clinical and laboratory courses between COVID-19 and influenza.


there is no risk of being infected by groceries and packages that we have delivered

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

The most common coronaviruses may well survive or persist on surfaces for up to one month.


there is no risk of being infected by groceries and packages that we have delivered

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Inefficient human-to-human transmission of zoonotic strains may initially limit the spread of transmission, but an infection may be contracted by touching contaminated surfaces.


there is no risk of being infected by groceries and packages that we have delivered

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Most viruses from the respiratory tract, such as coronaviruses, influenza, SARS-CoV, or rhinovirus, can persist on surfaces for a few days.


there is no risk of being infected by groceries and packages that we have delivered

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Our findings of extensive viral RNA contamination of surfaces and air across a range of acute healthcare settings in the absence of cultured virus underlines the potential risk from surface and air contamination in managing COVID-19, and the need for effective use of PPE, social distancing, and hand/surface hygiene.


Can you boost your immune system to fight COVID-19? This is the question on everyone's mind as we face a worldwide crisis.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

In this study, we collected blood from COVID-19 patients who have recently become virus-free and therefore were discharged, and analyzed their SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T cell responses. We observed SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in the patients. Both were detected in newly discharged patients, suggesting both participate in immune-mediated protection to viral infection.


Can you boost your immune system to fight COVID-19? This is the question on everyone's mind as we face a worldwide crisis.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

The number of these epitopes and the prevalence of the common coronaviruses suggest that a large part of the world population has some degree of specific immunity against SARS-CoV-2 already, even without having been infected by that virus.


Can you boost your immune system to fight COVID-19? This is the question on everyone's mind as we face a worldwide crisis.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Thus both qualitative and quantitative features of B and T cell immunity to spike constitute informative biomarkers of the protective potential of novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.


Can you boost your immune system to fight COVID-19? This is the question on everyone's mind as we face a worldwide crisis.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

we discovered evidence that SARS-CoV-2, along with related coronaviruses, used mutations to evade attack from the human immune system. Overall, we present an immunological resource for SARS-CoV-2 that could promote both therapeutic development and mechanistic research.


The virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is stable for several hours to days in aerosols and on surfaces

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.


The virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is stable for several hours to days in aerosols and on surfaces

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China


The virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is stable for several hours to days in aerosols and on surfaces

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

This provides evidences strongly supporting scientific hypotheses that bats and pangolins are probable hosts for the COVID-19 virus. At the whole genome analysis level, our findings also indicate that bats are more likely the hosts for the COVID-19 virus than pangolins.


The virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is stable for several hours to days in aerosols and on surfaces

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

It was found that 83% and 77% of the bedside surfaces of MRSA-positive and MRSA-negative patients respectively were contaminated with staphylococci at 08:00 hours, and that the staphylococcal concentrations increased by 80% at 1200 h over a 4-hour period with routine ward and clinical activities.


As a smoker, you or the people who care about you may be worried about a connection between COVID-19 and smoking.

Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Cannabis thus joins tobacco as a SARS2-CoV-2 risk factor.


As a smoker, you or the people who care about you may be worried about a connection between COVID-19 and smoking.

Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Cannabis smoking is linked with poor respiratory health, immunosuppression and multiple contaminants. Potential synergism between the two epidemics would represent a major public health convergence. Cigarettes were implicated with disease severity in Wuhan, China.


As a smoker, you or the people who care about you may be worried about a connection between COVID-19 and smoking.

Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Conclusions This representative population sample will, to our knowledge, present the first comprehensive examination of the association between smoking, nicotine use without smoking, respiratory disease, and severity of COVID-19.


As a smoker, you or the people who care about you may be worried about a connection between COVID-19 and smoking.

Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Data indicate CVIR demonstrates significant trends across cannabis use intensity quintiles and with relaxed cannabis legislation. Recent cannabis use is independently predictive of CVIR in bivariate and multivariable adjusted models and intensity of use is interactively significant.


A face covering can prevent people who are asymptomatic carriers of Covid-19 from spreading the virus

Question: Can wearing masks help in preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease?

Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk.


A face covering can prevent people who are asymptomatic carriers of Covid-19 from spreading the virus

Question: Can wearing masks help in preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease?

This study 1) illustrates transmission routes of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2) addresses controversies surrounding the mask from perspectives of attitude, effectiveness, and necessity of wearing the mask with evidence that the use of mask would effectively interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases in both hospital settings and community settings; and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context.


A face covering can prevent people who are asymptomatic carriers of Covid-19 from spreading the virus

Question: Can wearing masks help in preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease?

Evidence that face masks provide effective protection against respiratory infections in the community is scarce. However, face masks are widely used by health workers as part of droplet precautions when caring for patients with respiratory infections. It would therefore be reasonable to suggest that consistent widespread use of face masks in the community could prevent further spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


A face covering can prevent people who are asymptomatic carriers of Covid-19 from spreading the virus

Question: Can wearing masks help in preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease?

Face masks are an avenue to curb the spread of coronavirus, but few people in Western societies wear face masks.


Coronavirus: No proof yet that pets can get COVID-19 from owners

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect felines, dogs and minks, and there is evidence of human-to-animal infection.


Coronavirus: No proof yet that pets can get COVID-19 from owners

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)--the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19)--has been detected in domestic dogs and cats, raising concerns of transmission from, to, or between these animals.


Coronavirus: No proof yet that pets can get COVID-19 from owners

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Although animal-to-animal transmission has been shown to be possible, there is no evidence of animal-to-human transmission.


Coronavirus: No proof yet that pets can get COVID-19 from owners

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

There are now many reports of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in dogs, cats, tigers, lion, and minks. Experimental data showed ferrets and cats are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 as infected by virus inoculation and can transmit the virus directly or indirectly by droplets or airborne route.


hand dryers are effective in killing the new covid-19

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

There is currently no vaccine for COVID-19, leaving governments and public health agencies with little defense against the virus aside from advising or enforcing best practices for virus transmission prevention, which include hand-washing, physical distancing, use of face covers, and use of effective disinfectants.


hand dryers are effective in killing the new covid-19

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

Efficient SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was demonstrated for all tested alcohol-based disinfectants. These findings show the successful inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 for the first time and provide confidence in its use for the control of COVID-19.


hand dryers are effective in killing the new covid-19

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

Most alcohol based hand sanitizers are effective at inactivating enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses.


hand dryers are effective in killing the new covid-19

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

The index of India has remained very low (161) so far, mainly due to early implementation of social lockdown, social distancing, and sanitizing hands.


IL-17A helps trigger immune system response during early infection and INF-g combats replication of the virus. Higher levels of the two molecules may be associated with better outcomes in COVID-19 patients

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Based on animal experiments, already acquired data on other coronavirus types and plausibility assumptions, it can be assumed that seroconverted patients have an immunity of limited duration and only a very low risk of reinfection.


IL-17A helps trigger immune system response during early infection and INF-g combats replication of the virus. Higher levels of the two molecules may be associated with better outcomes in COVID-19 patients

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

we discovered evidence that SARS-CoV-2, along with related coronaviruses, used mutations to evade attack from the human immune system. Overall, we present an immunological resource for SARS-CoV-2 that could promote both therapeutic development and mechanistic research.


IL-17A helps trigger immune system response during early infection and INF-g combats replication of the virus. Higher levels of the two molecules may be associated with better outcomes in COVID-19 patients

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Distinguishing pre-existing and de novo antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 will be critical for serology, seroprevalence and vaccine studies, as well as for our understanding of susceptibility to and natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.


IL-17A helps trigger immune system response during early infection and INF-g combats replication of the virus. Higher levels of the two molecules may be associated with better outcomes in COVID-19 patients

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Distinguishing pre-existing and de novo antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 will be critical for serology, seroprevalence and vaccine studies, as well as for our understanding of susceptibility to and natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.


Although there have not been reports of pets or other animals becoming sick with 2019-nCoV, several types of coronaviruses can cause illness in animals and spread between animals and people.

Question: Can coronaviruses spread from people to animals?

Therefore, there is a possibility of spreading SARS-CoV-2 through domestic pets. There are now many reports of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in dogs, cats, tigers, lion, and minks.


Although there have not been reports of pets or other animals becoming sick with 2019-nCoV, several types of coronaviruses can cause illness in animals and spread between animals and people.

Question: Can coronaviruses spread from people to animals?

Although coronavirus infections in pets are known to be predominantly related to the gastrointestinal tract, it has been observed that there are human-to-animal transmissions in this outbreak and some animals have similar symptoms to humans.


Although there have not been reports of pets or other animals becoming sick with 2019-nCoV, several types of coronaviruses can cause illness in animals and spread between animals and people.

Question: Can coronaviruses spread from people to animals?

A novel coronavirus emerged in human populations and spread rapidly to cause the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.


Although there have not been reports of pets or other animals becoming sick with 2019-nCoV, several types of coronaviruses can cause illness in animals and spread between animals and people.

Question: Can coronaviruses spread from people to animals?

Coronaviruses, which were generally considered harmless to humans before 2003, have appeared again with a pandemic threatening the world since December 2019 after the epidemics of SARS and MERS.


Excessive alcohol use can weaken the immune system

Question: Can drinking alcohol help in preventing COVID-19?

Is drinking a healthy way of coping? No.


Excessive alcohol use can weaken the immune system

Question: Can drinking alcohol help in preventing COVID-19?

While it remains much too early to determine precisely how alcohol use might affect risk for or progression of COVID19, any efforts to connect the dots from past alcohol research would suggest it wise for nondrinkers and lowrisk drinkers to maintain that status during this public health crisis.


Coronavirus may have originated in bats or pangolins.

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Zhou et al (1) mentioned that 'Direct contact with intermediate host animals or consumption of wild animals was suspected to be the main route of SARSCoV2 transmission.


Coronavirus may have originated in bats or pangolins.

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

This provides evidences strongly supporting scientific hypotheses that bats and pangolins are probable hosts for the COVID-19 virus. At the whole genome analysis level, our findings also indicate that bats are more likely the hosts for the COVID-19 virus than pangolins.


Coronavirus may have originated in bats or pangolins.

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2) that initially originated from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has already caused a pandemic.


Coronavirus may have originated in bats or pangolins.

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

This paper investigates the COVID-19 virus origin by using artificial intelligence (AI) and raw genomic sequences of the virus.


animals develope fever as an evolutionary response to infection.

Question: Can taking medication to lower fever, such as paracetamol (tylenol) and ibuprofen (advil) worsen COVID-19?

For NSAIDs, there is no clear scientific evidence linking ibuprofen and other NSAIDs to worsening of COVID-19; however, it seems prudent to continue them, if necessary to control pericarditis, and on the other hand, to prefer paracetamol for fever and systemic symptoms related to COVID-19.


animals develope fever as an evolutionary response to infection.

Question: Can taking medication to lower fever, such as paracetamol (tylenol) and ibuprofen (advil) worsen COVID-19?

At this time, there is no supporting evidence to discourage the use of ibuprofen.


animals develope fever as an evolutionary response to infection.

Question: Can taking medication to lower fever, such as paracetamol (tylenol) and ibuprofen (advil) worsen COVID-19?

In the setting of pericardial diseases, there are two possible different scenarios to consider: the patient being treated for pericarditis who subsequently becomes infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the patient with COVID-19 who develops pericarditis or pericardial effusion.


animals develope fever as an evolutionary response to infection.

Question: Can taking medication to lower fever, such as paracetamol (tylenol) and ibuprofen (advil) worsen COVID-19?

CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of COVID-19 patients, ibuprofen use was not associated with worse clinical outcomes, compared with paracetamol or no antipyretic.


the virus could remain stable for long periods at 4 degrees C

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

The contaminated surface environment in hospitals plays an important role in the transmission of several key nosocomial pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter spp., and norovirus.


the virus could remain stable for long periods at 4 degrees C

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

We report here that pathogenic human coronavirus 229E remained infectious in a human lung cell culture model following at least 5 days of persistence on a range of common nonbiocidal surface materials, including polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon; PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ceramic tiles, glass, silicone rubber, and stainless steel.


the virus could remain stable for long periods at 4 degrees C

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Contacting contaminated nonfabric surfaces may pose an indirect contact risk up to three orders of magnitude higher than that of contacting contaminated fabric surfaces.


the virus could remain stable for long periods at 4 degrees C

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

In this new study, human coronavirus 229E was rapidly inactivated on a range of copper alloys (within a few minutes for simulated fingertip contamination) and Cu/Zn brasses were very effective at lower copper concentration.


face masks can provide a temporary barrier against viruses

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Our results indicate that surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals.


face masks can provide a temporary barrier against viruses

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

We also demonstrated that three brands of medical masks blocked over 99% viruses in aerosols. The avian coronavirus was completely inactivated after being steamed for 5 minutes.


face masks can provide a temporary barrier against viruses

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk.


face masks can provide a temporary barrier against viruses

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context.


Blood Pressure Meds Can Affect COVID-19 Care

Question: are patients taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) inhibitors at increased risk for COVID-19?

The present study has found that the use of ACE inh/ARBs therapy might be associated with an increased in-hospital mortality in patients who were diagnosed with Covid-19 pneumonia.


Blood Pressure Meds Can Affect COVID-19 Care

Question: are patients taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) inhibitors at increased risk for COVID-19?

among patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19, ACEI/ARB use was not associated with increased risk of hospital admission.


Blood Pressure Meds Can Affect COVID-19 Care

Question: are patients taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) inhibitors at increased risk for COVID-19?

This has led to the hypothesis that use of ACEIs and ARBs may increase the risk of developing severe COVID-19.


Blood Pressure Meds Can Affect COVID-19 Care

Question: are patients taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) inhibitors at increased risk for COVID-19?

Our results strongly support the recommendation that ACEI and ARB should be continued in the population and in COVID-19 positive patients, reinforcing the position of several scientific societies.


COVID-19 spreads less commonlythrough contact with contaminated surfaces, and rarely between people and animals.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

ferrets and cats are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 as infected by virus inoculation and can transmit the virus directly or indirectly by droplets or airborne routes.


COVID-19 spreads less commonlythrough contact with contaminated surfaces, and rarely between people and animals.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Likewise, the S protein nucleotide sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus isolated in domestic animals and humans is identical, and the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 in cats is efficient.


COVID-19 spreads less commonlythrough contact with contaminated surfaces, and rarely between people and animals.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Although animal-to-animal transmission has been shown to be possible, there is no evidence of animal-to-human transmission.


COVID-19 spreads less commonlythrough contact with contaminated surfaces, and rarely between people and animals.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)--the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19)--has been detected in domestic dogs and cats, raising concerns of transmission from, to, or between these animals. There is currently no indication that feline- or canine-to-human transmission can occur, though there is rising evidence of the reverse.


Which is More Dangerous: Flu or COVID-19? Flu is more dangerous than covid-19

Question: How dangerous is COVID-19?

Given the scope and speed of the spread, the COVID-19 pandemic is not only complex but dangerous.


Which is More Dangerous: Flu or COVID-19? Flu is more dangerous than covid-19

Question: How dangerous is COVID-19?

Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus presenting a variability of flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, myalgia and fatigue; in severe cases, patients develop pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock, that can result in their death.


Which is More Dangerous: Flu or COVID-19? Flu is more dangerous than covid-19

Question: How dangerous is COVID-19?

Complicated objective factors such as the long-term existence of source of infection, difficulty in completely blocking the transmission route and a large susceptible population suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic might stay with us for long term. Therefore, we should be ready for a tough and long-term battle against the COVID-19 epidemic.


Which is More Dangerous: Flu or COVID-19? Flu is more dangerous than covid-19

Question: How dangerous is COVID-19?

During quarantine due to the COVID-19, home risks to become a very dangerous place for victims of domestic violence.


If you are immunocompromised, the best way to prevent COVID-19 is to avoid being exposed to this virus.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Based on animal experiments, already acquired data on other coronavirus types and plausibility assumptions, it can be assumed that seroconverted patients have an immunity of limited duration and only a very low risk of reinfection.


If you are immunocompromised, the best way to prevent COVID-19 is to avoid being exposed to this virus.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Distinguishing pre-existing and de novo antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 will be critical for serology, seroprevalence and vaccine studies, as well as for our understanding of susceptibility to and natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.


If you are immunocompromised, the best way to prevent COVID-19 is to avoid being exposed to this virus.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

we discovered evidence that SARS-CoV-2, along with related coronaviruses, used mutations to evade attack from the human immune system. Overall, we present an immunological resource for SARS-CoV-2 that could promote both therapeutic development and mechanistic research.


If you are immunocompromised, the best way to prevent COVID-19 is to avoid being exposed to this virus.

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

According to this hypothesis vaccine formulations (tetanus, diphtheria, Bordetella pertussis) could be re-administrate after the first contact with Covid-19, better before the development of respiratory severe illness and of course before full-blown ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome). The CD4+ memory exploiting could help immune system to recall immunity of already know antigens against coronaviruses, avoiding or limiting lung crash until virus specific immunity develops and making it faster and prolonged.


Not only does COVID-19 spread by contact with contaminated surfaces, but new research finds that weather can influence how long the virus survives.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Being a novel pandemic coronavirus version, it might be ongoing during summer conditions associated with higher air temperatures, low relative humidity and precipitation levels.


Not only does COVID-19 spread by contact with contaminated surfaces, but new research finds that weather can influence how long the virus survives.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

These results provide evidence for the relationship between several weather variables and the spread of COVID-19. However, the (conservatively) estimated relationships are not strong enough to seasonally control the epidemic in most locations.


Not only does COVID-19 spread by contact with contaminated surfaces, but new research finds that weather can influence how long the virus survives.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Results indicated that temperatures had a negative linear relationship with the number of confirmed cases.


Not only does COVID-19 spread by contact with contaminated surfaces, but new research finds that weather can influence how long the virus survives.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Temperature is the most influential parameter that reduces the growth at the rate of 13-16 cases/day with a 1{degrees}C rise in temperature


Cloth Masks Protect You From Getting the Coronavirus

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Our results indicate that surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals.


Cloth Masks Protect You From Getting the Coronavirus

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

It would therefore be reasonable to suggest that consistent widespread use of face masks in the community could prevent further spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Cloth Masks Protect You From Getting the Coronavirus

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

We find that the critical mask adherence is 5 per 100 when 80% wear face masks.


Cloth Masks Protect You From Getting the Coronavirus

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk.


social distancing does help prevent coronavirus (COVID-19

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

The Greek authorities implemented the strong social distancing measures within the first few weeks after the first confirmed case of the virus to curtail the COVID-19 growth rate.


social distancing does help prevent coronavirus (COVID-19

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

counties where the policies have been imposed have effectively increased social distancing and have seen slowing the spread of COVID-19.


social distancing does help prevent coronavirus (COVID-19

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

Our models predict these strict social distancing measures caused a 79% and 61% reduction in the daily cases of COVID-19 across Australia and New Zealand respectively.


social distancing does help prevent coronavirus (COVID-19

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

social distancing is associated with a statistically-significant reduction in the doubling rate for all but three states.


there is no evidence that COVID-19 can spread to people from pet fur

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Although animal-to-animal transmission has been shown to be possible, there is no evidence of animal-to-human transmission.


there is no evidence that COVID-19 can spread to people from pet fur

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now a pandemic threat. This virus is supposed to be spread by human to human transmission.


there is no evidence that COVID-19 can spread to people from pet fur

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Although coronavirus infections in pets are known to be predominantly related to the gastrointestinal tract, it has been observed that there are human-to-animal transmissions in this outbreak and some animals have similar symptoms to humans.


there is no evidence that COVID-19 can spread to people from pet fur

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19 to people?

Cellular angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 which is identical or similar in different species of animals such as pigs, ferrets, cats, orangutans, monkeys, and humans. Moreover, a recent study predicted that dog might be secondary host during the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from bat to human. Therefore, there is a possibility of spreading SARS-CoV-2 through domestic pets.


Vitamin D strengthens innate immunity and prevents overactive immune responses

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.


Vitamin D strengthens innate immunity and prevents overactive immune responses

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Vitamin D deficiency that is not sufficiently treated is associated with COVID-19 risk.


Vitamin D strengthens innate immunity and prevents overactive immune responses

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.


Vitamin D strengthens innate immunity and prevents overactive immune responses

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

In Middle East, the recovery rate (r= 0.267) and mortality rate (r= -0.217) showed a medium correlation.


Most respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, do not tend to last on surfaces

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Most viruses from the respiratory tract, such as coronaviruses, influenza, SARS-CoV, or rhinovirus, can persist on surfaces for a few days.


Most respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, do not tend to last on surfaces

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

It was found that 83% and 77% of the bedside surfaces of MRSA-positive and MRSA-negative patients respectively were contaminated with staphylococci at 08:00 hours, and that the staphylococcal concentrations increased by 80% at 1200 h over a 4-hour period with routine ward and clinical activities.


Most respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, do not tend to last on surfaces

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Susceptible persons who contacted these contaminated surfaces may transfer the pathogens to their mucous membranes via hands, leading to a risk of respiratory infection.


Most respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, do not tend to last on surfaces

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Inefficient human-to-human transmission of zoonotic strains may initially limit the spread of transmission, but an infection may be contracted by touching contaminated surfaces.


COVID-19: Surgical masks may help, but not as first line

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Surgical mask partition for challenged index or nave hamsters significantly reduced transmission to 25% (6/24, P=0.018). Surgical mask partition for challenged index hamsters significantly reduced transmission to only 16.7% (2/12, P=0.019) of exposed nave hamsters.


COVID-19: Surgical masks may help, but not as first line

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

To determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, to provide evidence on the rational use of masks, and to discuss additional measures important for the protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19.


COVID-19: Surgical masks may help, but not as first line

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Surgeons and perioperative teams at risk for contracting COVID-19 should use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including N95 respirators or powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs), when risk of viral spread is high.


COVID-19: Surgical masks may help, but not as first line

Question: Does a surgical mask help avoid COVID-19?

Evidence on mask effectiveness for respiratory infection prevention is stronger in health care than community settings.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be stressful for people.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

Our models predict these strict social distancing measures caused a 79% and 61% reduction in the daily cases of COVID-19 across Australia and New Zealand respectively. This provides both evidence and impetus for governments considering similar measures in response to COVID-19 and other pandemics.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be stressful for people.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

stronger social distancing, e.g., cutting 75% of social ties, can reduce the outbreak by 75% for the C isolation, by 33% for the D isolation, and by 87% for the (C+D) isolation strategy.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be stressful for people.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

social distancing is associated with a statistically-significant reduction in the doubling rate for all but three states.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be stressful for people.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

Discussion: The combined social distancing measures implemented by the Greek authorities within the first few weeks after the first confirmed case of the virus reduced the COVID-19 growth rate.


Most hospitalized COVID-19 patients have neurological symptoms

Question: Which are the first symptoms of the coronavirus disease?

A number of COVIN-19 cases with conjunctivitis or conjunctivitis as the first symptom have been observed in our clinical work.


Most hospitalized COVID-19 patients have neurological symptoms

Question: Which are the first symptoms of the coronavirus disease?

The patient was seriously ill, who felt that he suffered from fever, fatigue, cough, and expectoration and sought medical treatment, with a history of contact with Wuhan


Most hospitalized COVID-19 patients have neurological symptoms

Question: Which are the first symptoms of the coronavirus disease?

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) affects principally the respiratory tract but recent studies described that COVID19 could present a broader clinical spectrum from the absence of any symptoms to heart (1), digestive (2) or EarNoseThroat (including anosmia and ageusia) (3) manifestations. Here we report two cases of peculiar skin manifestation.


Most hospitalized COVID-19 patients have neurological symptoms

Question: Which are the first symptoms of the coronavirus disease?

We present a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with an initial medical presentation of keratoconjunctivitis, the first such reported case in North America. The patient's primary symptom was a red eye with watery discharge, though she did have mild respiratory symptoms, without fever.


Coronaviruses that cause less severe diseases, such as the common cold, do spread more slowly among people during the summer.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

We show that the delay between exposure and detection of infection complicates the estimation of weather impact on COVID-19 transmission, potentially explaining significant variability in results to-date


Coronaviruses that cause less severe diseases, such as the common cold, do spread more slowly among people during the summer.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Each 1 C rise of temperature was associated with a 4.8951% (t = 2.29, p = 0.0226) decrease in the number of daily cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19


Coronaviruses that cause less severe diseases, such as the common cold, do spread more slowly among people during the summer.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

COVID-19, due to its regular flu-like symptoms, is also expected to show similar seasonality and subside as the global temperatures rise in the northern hemisphere with the onset of spring


Coronaviruses that cause less severe diseases, such as the common cold, do spread more slowly among people during the summer.

Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Correcting for that distributed delay and offering conservative estimates, we find a negative relationship between temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius and estimated reproduction number ([R]), with each degree Celsius associated with a 3.1% (95% CI, 1.5% to 4.8%) reduction in [R]. Higher levels of relative humidity strengthen the negative effect of temperature above 25 degrees.


The coronavirus was not engineered in a lab

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Zhou et al (1) mentioned that 'Direct contact with intermediate host animals or consumption of wild animals was suspected to be the main route of SARSCoV2 transmission.


The coronavirus was not engineered in a lab

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

This provides evidences strongly supporting scientific hypotheses that bats and pangolins are probable hosts for the COVID-19 virus. At the whole genome analysis level, our findings also indicate that bats are more likely the hosts for the COVID-19 virus than pangolins.


The coronavirus was not engineered in a lab

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2) that initially originated from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has already caused a pandemic.


The coronavirus was not engineered in a lab

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

This paper investigates the COVID-19 virus origin by using artificial intelligence (AI) and raw genomic sequences of the virus.


Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Data indicate CVIR demonstrates significant trends across cannabis use intensity quintiles and with relaxed cannabis legislation. Recent cannabis use is independently predictive of CVIR in bivariate and multivariable adjusted models and intensity of use is interactively significant.


Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

At this time there is no clear evidence that smoking is protective against COVID-19, so the established recommendations to avoid smoking should be emphasized.


Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Epidemiological and laboratory research seems to suggest that smoking and perhaps nicotine alone could reduce the severity of COVID-19.


Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Our findings support a causal effect of elevated BMI and smoking on risk of sepsis and severe covid-19.