Vitamin D Can Help Reduce COVID-19 Risks

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.


Vitamin D Can Help Reduce COVID-19 Risks

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. These include direct inhibition with viral replication or with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory ways. In the meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation has been shown as safe and effective against acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, people who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency during this global pandemic should consider taking vitamin D supplements to maintain the circulating 25(OH)D in the optimal levels (75-125nmol/L).


Vitamin D Can Help Reduce COVID-19 Risks

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.


SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, originated from wild animals (likely bats) in China.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

There is currently no indication that feline- or canine-to-human transmission can occur, though there is rising evidence of the reverse.


SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, originated from wild animals (likely bats) in China.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

Notification of presumptive positive animal test results triggered a One Health* investigation by state and federal partners, who determined that no further transmission events to other animals or persons had occurred.


SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, originated from wild animals (likely bats) in China.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

Experimental data showed ferrets and cats are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 as infected by virus inoculation and can transmit the virus directly or indirectly by droplets or airborne route.


SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, originated from wild animals (likely bats) in China.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

Cellular angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 which is identical or similar in different species of animals such as pigs, ferrets, cats, orangutans, monkeys, and humans. Moreover, a recent study predicted that dog might be secondary host during the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from bat to human. Therefore, there is a possibility of spreading SARS-CoV-2 through domestic pets.


Using marijuana might provide some benefits for people with diabetes, but the drug also has its drawbacks. Marijuana affects the developing brain, potentially impairing learning and memory

Question: Can smoking cannabis (weed) help in preventing COVID-19?

The recently discovered novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 virus), has brought the whole world to standstill with critical challenges, affecting both health and economic sectors worldwide.


SARS-CoV-2 is different from other viruses, including other coronaviruses.

Question: what are the best masks for preventing infection by Covid-19?

three double-layer materials including double-layer medical non-woven fabric, medical non-woven fabric plus non-woven shopping bag, and medical non-woven fabric plus granular tea towel could meet all the standards of pressure difference, particle filtration efficiency, and resistance to surface wetting, and were close to the standard of the bacterial filtration efficiency; homemade masks using available materials can minimize the chance of infection to the maximum extent.


SARS-CoV-2 is different from other viruses, including other coronaviruses.

Question: what are the best masks for preventing infection by Covid-19?

The WHO, ECDC and CDC have issued conflicting guidelines on the use of respiratory filters (N95) by HCWs.


SARS-CoV-2 is different from other viruses, including other coronaviruses.

Question: what are the best masks for preventing infection by Covid-19?

However, low quality evidence suggests that N95 respirators protect HCWs from clinical respiratory infections.


SARS-CoV-2 is different from other viruses, including other coronaviruses.

Question: what are the best masks for preventing infection by Covid-19?

the American College of Physicians (ACP) provides recommendations based on the best available evidence through 14 April 2020 on the effectiveness of N95 respirators, surgical masks, and cloth masks in reducing transmission of infection.


Self-quarantine is strictly reserved for those who have come into close contact with a coronavirus-infected person.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

Discussion: The combined social distancing measures implemented by the Greek authorities within the first few weeks after the first confirmed case of the virus reduced the COVID-19 growth rate.


Self-quarantine is strictly reserved for those who have come into close contact with a coronavirus-infected person.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

stronger social distancing, e.g., cutting 75% of social ties, can reduce the outbreak by 75% for the C isolation, by 33% for the D isolation, and by 87% for the (C+D) isolation strategy.


Self-quarantine is strictly reserved for those who have come into close contact with a coronavirus-infected person.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

Our models predict these strict social distancing measures caused a 79% and 61% reduction in the daily cases of COVID-19 across Australia and New Zealand respectively.


Self-quarantine is strictly reserved for those who have come into close contact with a coronavirus-infected person.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

social distancing and have seen slowing the spread of COVID-19.


Human can not infect cats and dogs, lions and tigers, and now mink.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

There is currently no indication that feline- or canine-to-human transmission can occur, though there is rising evidence of the reverse.


Human can not infect cats and dogs, lions and tigers, and now mink.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

Using data from probable cat-to-cat transmission in Wuhan, China, we estimated the basic reproduction number R0 under this scenario at 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.13). This value is much lower than the R0 reported for humans and close to one, indicating that the sustained transmission between cats is unlikely to occur.


Human can not infect cats and dogs, lions and tigers, and now mink.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

The examination of these findings and the particular role of animals in COVID-19 should be carefully analyzed in order to establish preparation and containment measures.


Human can not infect cats and dogs, lions and tigers, and now mink.

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

On April 22, CDC and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported cases of two domestic cats with confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).


Scientists were able to prove that the virus evolved naturally in animals before jumping to humans.

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

This provides evidences strongly supporting scientific hypotheses that bats and pangolins are probable hosts for the COVID-19 virus. At the whole genome analysis level, our findings also indicate that bats are more likely the hosts for the COVID-19 virus than pangolins.


Scientists were able to prove that the virus evolved naturally in animals before jumping to humans.

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Zhou et al (1) mentioned that 'Direct contact with intermediate host animals or consumption of wild animals was suspected to be the main route of SARSCoV2 transmission.


Scientists were able to prove that the virus evolved naturally in animals before jumping to humans.

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

The results obtained from various AI-enabled experiments using clustering algorithms demonstrate that all examined COVID-19 virus genomes belong to a cluster that also contains bat and pangolin coronavirus genomes.


Scientists were able to prove that the virus evolved naturally in animals before jumping to humans.

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

While this novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) frequently induces mild diseases, it has also generated severe diseases among certain populations, including older-aged individuals with underlying diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.


When someone who has COVID-19 coughs, sneezes, or talks, they send tiny droplets with the coronavirus into the air. That's where a mask can help.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

In this study, we demonstrated, using avian coronavirus of infectious bronchitis virus to mimic SARSCoV2, that medical masks and N95 masks remained their blocking efficacy after being steamed on boiling water even for 2 hours.


When someone who has COVID-19 coughs, sneezes, or talks, they send tiny droplets with the coronavirus into the air. That's where a mask can help.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use.


When someone who has COVID-19 coughs, sneezes, or talks, they send tiny droplets with the coronavirus into the air. That's where a mask can help.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

We find that the critical mask adherence is 5 per 100 when 80% wear face masks.


When someone who has COVID-19 coughs, sneezes, or talks, they send tiny droplets with the coronavirus into the air. That's where a mask can help.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk.


hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were vitamin D sufficient had a significant decreased risk for adverse clinical outcomes and lower blood levels of an inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein), as well as higher blood levels of lymphocytes (a type of immune cell to help fight infection)

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.


hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were vitamin D sufficient had a significant decreased risk for adverse clinical outcomes and lower blood levels of an inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein), as well as higher blood levels of lymphocytes (a type of immune cell to help fight infection)

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

In Middle East, the recovery rate (r= 0.267) and mortality rate (r= -0.217) showed a medium correlation.


hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were vitamin D sufficient had a significant decreased risk for adverse clinical outcomes and lower blood levels of an inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein), as well as higher blood levels of lymphocytes (a type of immune cell to help fight infection)

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Vitamin D deficiency that is not sufficiently treated is associated with COVID-19 risk.


hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were vitamin D sufficient had a significant decreased risk for adverse clinical outcomes and lower blood levels of an inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein), as well as higher blood levels of lymphocytes (a type of immune cell to help fight infection)

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.


Another key sign of coronavirus illness: A loss of the sense of smell

Question: Is a headache sign of the coronavirus disease?

A few hours later the patient experienced intense headache and developed fever, cough and severe dyspnea.


Another key sign of coronavirus illness: A loss of the sense of smell

Question: Is a headache sign of the coronavirus disease?

The aim of this manuscript is to investigate transversally Ear Nose Throat (ENT) symptoms COVID-19 infection correlated and to study the neurotropism and neuroinvasiveness of the virus in the head-neck district through the investigation of the sense of smell, taste, tearing, salivation and hearing.


Another key sign of coronavirus illness: A loss of the sense of smell

Question: Is a headache sign of the coronavirus disease?

Clinical symptoms included fever (100%), cough (69.6%), expectoration (43.5%), myalgia (26.1%), headache (17.4%) and dyspnea (17.4%), and the less common symptom was diarrhea (4.3%).


Another key sign of coronavirus illness: A loss of the sense of smell

Question: Is a headache sign of the coronavirus disease?

Cough, fever, headache and asthenia were the most prevalent symptoms.


Nanotech May Help Fight 'Cytokine Storm' of COVID

Question: what is a cytokine storm and how is it related to COVID-19?

Cytokine storm in COVID-19 is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 that is caused by a dysregulated immune system of the host.


Nanotech May Help Fight 'Cytokine Storm' of COVID

Question: what is a cytokine storm and how is it related to COVID-19?

It has proven that COVID-19 infection in some elderly critical adults leads to a cytokine storm, which is characterized by severe systemic elevation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines.


Nanotech May Help Fight 'Cytokine Storm' of COVID

Question: what is a cytokine storm and how is it related to COVID-19?

Patients with COVID-19 who require ICU admission might have the cytokine storm.


Nanotech May Help Fight 'Cytokine Storm' of COVID

Question: what is a cytokine storm and how is it related to COVID-19?

The potential risk of cytokine storm in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been described


More Vitamin D, Lower Risk of Severe COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.


More Vitamin D, Lower Risk of Severe COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

there is not enough evidence on the association between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 severity and mortality. Therefore, randomized control trials and cohort studies are necessary to test this hypothesis.


More Vitamin D, Lower Risk of Severe COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A significant negative correlation (p=0.033) has been observed between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries.


More Vitamin D, Lower Risk of Severe COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

ecological investigation on 51 countries including 408,748 participants, analyses indicated no correlation between vitamin D levels and recovery rate (r= 0.041) as well as mortality rate (r=-0.073) globally.


make a soup by boiling eight cloves of garlic in water to cure the coronavirus

Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

In late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, several patients with viral pneumonia were identified as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). So far, there are no specific treatments for patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), and the treatments available today are based on previous experience with similar viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Influenza virus.


make a soup by boiling eight cloves of garlic in water to cure the coronavirus

Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

compounds derived from Allium sativum (garlic) have the potential to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to reverse the immunological abnormalities to more acceptable levels. Allium sativum is suggested as a beneficial preventive measure before being infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus.


make a soup by boiling eight cloves of garlic in water to cure the coronavirus

Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

In conclusion, Allium sativum may be an acceptable preventive measure against COVID-19 infection to boost immune system cells and to repress the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as an adipose tissue derived hormone leptin having the proinflammatory nature.


make a soup by boiling eight cloves of garlic in water to cure the coronavirus

Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

Hoaxes (such as eating garlic or citrus to prevent COVID-19) were detected in 15 videos (10.9%).


if your immune system is string, covid-19 can not harm your body

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Distinguishing pre-existing and de novo antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 will be critical for serology, seroprevalence and vaccine studies, as well as for our understanding of susceptibility to and natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.


if your immune system is string, covid-19 can not harm your body

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

The number of these epitopes and the prevalence of the common coronaviruses suggest that a large part of the world population has some degree of specific immunity against SARS-CoV-2 already, even without having been infected by that virus.


if your immune system is string, covid-19 can not harm your body

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

In this study, we collected blood from COVID-19 patients who have recently become virus-free and therefore were discharged, and analyzed their SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T cell responses. We observed SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in the patients. Both were detected in newly discharged patients, suggesting both participate in immune-mediated protection to viral infection.


if your immune system is string, covid-19 can not harm your body

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Distinguishing pre-existing and de novo antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 will be critical for serology, seroprevalence and vaccine studies, as well as for our understanding of susceptibility to and natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.


People with diabetes do not face a higher chance of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19.

Question: what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with diabetes

the association between DM and COVID-19-induced severe complications is still unclear


People with diabetes do not face a higher chance of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19.

Question: what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with diabetes

obesity represents the strongest predictor for Covid-19 followed by diabetes and hypertension in both sexes


People with diabetes do not face a higher chance of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19.

Question: what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with diabetes

Older age, diabetes and other comorbidities are reported as significant predictors of morbidity and mortality. Chronic inflammation, increased coagulation activity, immune response impairment, and potential direct pancreatic damage by SARS-CoV-2 might be among the underlying mechanisms of the association between diabetes and COVID-19.


People with diabetes do not face a higher chance of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19.

Question: what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with diabetes

COVID-19 patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe or critical disease conditions with more complications, and had higher incidence rates of antibiotic therapy, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and death


getting coronavirus from another person remains by far the most likely route of infection

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Inefficient human-to-human transmission of zoonotic strains may initially limit the spread of transmission, but an infection may be contracted by touching contaminated surfaces.


getting coronavirus from another person remains by far the most likely route of infection

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

The contaminated surface environment in hospitals plays an important role in the transmission of several key nosocomial pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter spp., and norovirus.


getting coronavirus from another person remains by far the most likely route of infection

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.


getting coronavirus from another person remains by far the most likely route of infection

Question: touching a contaminated surface will not make you sick

We report here that pathogenic human coronavirus 229E remained infectious in a human lung cell culture model following at least 5 days of persistence on a range of common nonbiocidal surface materials, including polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon; PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ceramic tiles, glass, silicone rubber, and stainless steel.


Garlic and bleach won't cure coronavirus.

Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

Hoaxes (such as eating garlic or citrus to prevent COVID-19) were detected in 15 videos (10.9%).


Garlic and bleach won't cure coronavirus.

Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

compounds derived from Allium sativum (garlic) have the potential to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to reverse the immunological abnormalities to more acceptable levels. Allium sativum is suggested as a beneficial preventive measure before being infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus.


Garlic and bleach won't cure coronavirus.

Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

In late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, several patients with viral pneumonia were identified as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). So far, there are no specific treatments for patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), and the treatments available today are based on previous experience with similar viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Influenza virus.


Garlic and bleach won't cure coronavirus.

Question: Does garlic protect against covid-19

In conclusion, Allium sativum may be an acceptable preventive measure against COVID-19 infection to boost immune system cells and to repress the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as an adipose tissue derived hormone leptin having the proinflammatory nature.


Smoking leads to lung damage, heart disease and cancer all health issues that make COVID-19 cases more severe

Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Our findings support a causal effect of elevated BMI and smoking on risk of sepsis and severe covid-19.


Smoking leads to lung damage, heart disease and cancer all health issues that make COVID-19 cases more severe

Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Smoking has complicated effects on the immune system involving both up and down regulation, any of which might alone or in concert antagonize progression of COVID-19.


Smoking leads to lung damage, heart disease and cancer all health issues that make COVID-19 cases more severe

Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

At this time there is no clear evidence that smoking is protective against COVID-19, so the established recommendations to avoid smoking should be emphasized.


Smoking leads to lung damage, heart disease and cancer all health issues that make COVID-19 cases more severe

Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Conclusions This representative population sample will, to our knowledge, present the first comprehensive examination of the association between smoking, nicotine use without smoking, respiratory disease, and severity of COVID-19.


With the 2019 coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic, it's especially important to understand that no supplement, diet, or other lifestyle modification other than physical distancing, also known as social distancing, and proper hygiene practices can protect you from COVID-19.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

In Middle East, the recovery rate (r= 0.267) and mortality rate (r= -0.217) showed a medium correlation.


With the 2019 coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic, it's especially important to understand that no supplement, diet, or other lifestyle modification other than physical distancing, also known as social distancing, and proper hygiene practices can protect you from COVID-19.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.


With the 2019 coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic, it's especially important to understand that no supplement, diet, or other lifestyle modification other than physical distancing, also known as social distancing, and proper hygiene practices can protect you from COVID-19.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. These include direct inhibition with viral replication or with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory ways. In the meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation has been shown as safe and effective against acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, people who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency during this global pandemic should consider taking vitamin D supplements to maintain the circulating 25(OH)D in the optimal levels (75-125nmol/L).


With the 2019 coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic, it's especially important to understand that no supplement, diet, or other lifestyle modification other than physical distancing, also known as social distancing, and proper hygiene practices can protect you from COVID-19.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.


Crime in a time of COVID-19: There were no significant changes in the frequency of serious assaults in public or (contrary to the concerns of policy makers) any change to the frequency of serious assaults in residences.

Question: How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted violence in society, including violent crimes?

The novel coronavirus pandemic (hereafter COVID-19) is likely to have unprecedented impacts on the incidence and impacts of crime and violence globally.


Coronavirus can not linger in the body after people recover.

Question: Are you immune to COVID-19 after recovering from it?

we serially analysed immune responses in 113 COVID-19 patients with moderate (non-ICU) and severe (ICU) disease.


Coronavirus can not linger in the body after people recover.

Question: Are you immune to COVID-19 after recovering from it?

Contrary to this picture, we describe a case of a patient recovered from COVID19 pneumonia with positive serology, followed up by 6 negative nasopharyngeal swabPCR tests performed along 1 month, who later on, after exposure to the virus, presented another positive RTPCR test and a second IgM seroconversion.


Coronavirus can not linger in the body after people recover.

Question: Are you immune to COVID-19 after recovering from it?

Taken together, our results provide crucial insights into the immune response against patients with severe COVID-19 and recovered patients and valuable information for the development of vaccines and therapeutic strategies.


Coronavirus can not linger in the body after people recover.

Question: Are you immune to COVID-19 after recovering from it?

To date, understanding whether acquired immunity and presence of anti SARSCov2 antibodies protects against reinfection is one the most important focus of the scientific community


Heart failure is the main cause of death from COVID-19

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has been expanding worldwide. As of 17 April 2020, the death toll stands at a sobering 147,027 and over two million cases, this has been straining the health care systems all over.


Heart failure is the main cause of death from COVID-19

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

The cause of most deaths has been acute pneumonia.


Heart failure is the main cause of death from COVID-19

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Lack of personal protective equipment was cited as a common cause of death.


Heart failure is the main cause of death from COVID-19

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Respiratory failure has been cited as the major cause of death


mong Covid-19 patients in the study, those with extreme obesity - defined as a B.M.I. of 40 or more - were at nearly three times greater risk of dying than those of normal weight

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Compared to the recovered group, more patients in the death group exhibited characteristics of advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities, dyspnea, oxygen saturation decrease, increased WBC count, decreased lymphocytes, and elevated CRP levels.


mong Covid-19 patients in the study, those with extreme obesity - defined as a B.M.I. of 40 or more - were at nearly three times greater risk of dying than those of normal weight

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

The cause of most deaths has been acute pneumonia.


mong Covid-19 patients in the study, those with extreme obesity - defined as a B.M.I. of 40 or more - were at nearly three times greater risk of dying than those of normal weight

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Respiratory failure has been cited as the major cause of death


Face masks and social distancing measures reduce COVID-19 spread, but they also work against other pathogens.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

It would therefore be reasonable to suggest that consistent widespread use of face masks in the community could prevent further spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Face masks and social distancing measures reduce COVID-19 spread, but they also work against other pathogens.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

In this study, we demonstrated, using avian coronavirus of infectious bronchitis virus to mimic SARSCoV2, that medical masks and N95 masks remained their blocking efficacy after being steamed on boiling water even for 2 hours.


Face masks and social distancing measures reduce COVID-19 spread, but they also work against other pathogens.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

2) addresses controversies surrounding the mask from perspectives of attitude, effectiveness, and necessity of wearing the mask with evidence that the use of mask would effectively interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases in both hospital settings and community settings;


Face masks and social distancing measures reduce COVID-19 spread, but they also work against other pathogens.

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

We find that the critical mask adherence is 5 per 100 when 80% wear face masks.


Both SARS and MERS are examples of viruses that came from mother nature

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

This provides evidences strongly supporting scientific hypotheses that bats and pangolins are probable hosts for the COVID-19 virus. At the whole genome analysis level, our findings also indicate that bats are more likely the hosts for the COVID-19 virus than pangolins.


Both SARS and MERS are examples of viruses that came from mother nature

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Recent research results suggest that bats or pangolins might be the original hosts for the virus based on comparative studies using its genomic sequences.


Both SARS and MERS are examples of viruses that came from mother nature

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Although to date it is considered that Covid19 originates from bats (96.2% overall genome sequence identity) (1), the type of intermediate animals that caused the transmission to humans remains unknown (2-4).


Both SARS and MERS are examples of viruses that came from mother nature

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China


In a disturbing parallel to H.I.V., the coronavirus can cause a depletion of important immune cells

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

In this study, we collected blood from COVID-19 patients who have recently become virus-free and therefore were discharged, and analyzed their SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T cell responses. We observed SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in the patients. Both were detected in newly discharged patients, suggesting both participate in immune-mediated protection to viral infection.


In a disturbing parallel to H.I.V., the coronavirus can cause a depletion of important immune cells

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

The number of these epitopes and the prevalence of the common coronaviruses suggest that a large part of the world population has some degree of specific immunity against SARS-CoV-2 already, even without having been infected by that virus.


In a disturbing parallel to H.I.V., the coronavirus can cause a depletion of important immune cells

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Thus both qualitative and quantitative features of B and T cell immunity to spike constitute informative biomarkers of the protective potential of novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.


In a disturbing parallel to H.I.V., the coronavirus can cause a depletion of important immune cells

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of viral cycles and immunity is an important prerequisite for the development of vaccination strategies and development of effective drugs.


At present, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not believe that COVID-19 is spread through food, however, the agency is continuing to investigate this new virus.

Question: Can COVID-19 spread through food?

This review summarizes the possible transmission ways of COVID-19 through the foods, food supply chain, surfaces, and environment before exploring the development of corresponding detection tools of SARS-CoV-2.


At present, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not believe that COVID-19 is spread through food, however, the agency is continuing to investigate this new virus.

Question: Can COVID-19 spread through food?

Agriculture and the food sector are critical to food and nutrition security because they not only produce food but also contribute to economic empowerment by employing a large share of female and male workers, especially in developing countries.


At present, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not believe that COVID-19 is spread through food, however, the agency is continuing to investigate this new virus.

Question: Can COVID-19 spread through food?

SARS-COV-2 transmission through food, food packages, and food handlers has not been identified as a risk factor for the disease.


At present, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not believe that COVID-19 is spread through food, however, the agency is continuing to investigate this new virus.

Question: Can COVID-19 spread through food?

Food systems at all levelsglobally, domestically, locally, and in the home are expected to be highly affected by the COVID-19 crisis.


Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Temperature is the most influential parameter that reduces the growth at the rate of 13-16 cases/day with a 1{degrees}C rise in temperature


Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

The current study focuses on the relationship between environmental parameters and the growth rate of COVID-19. The statistical analysis suggests that the temperature changes retarded the growth rate and found that -6.28C and +14.51C temperature is the favorable range for COVID-19 growth.


Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

temperature is the most influential parameter that reduces the growth at the rate of 13-17 cases/day with a 1C rise in temperature.


Question: how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather

Correcting for that distributed delay and offering conservative estimates, we find a negative relationship between temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius and estimated reproduction number ([R]), with each degree Celsius associated with a 3.1% (95% CI, 1.5% to 4.8%) reduction in [R]. Higher levels of relative humidity strengthen the negative effect of temperature above 25 degrees.


Sepsis is a common cause of death from coronavirus

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Compared to the recovered group, more patients in the death group exhibited characteristics of advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities, dyspnea, oxygen saturation decrease, increased WBC count, decreased lymphocytes, and elevated CRP levels.


Sepsis is a common cause of death from coronavirus

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Respiratory failure has been cited as the major cause of death


Sepsis is a common cause of death from coronavirus

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

The cause of most deaths has been acute pneumonia.


Sepsis is a common cause of death from coronavirus

Question: how do people die from the coronavirus?

Lack of personal protective equipment was cited as a common cause of death.


But Tylenol isn't risk-free, either. It can damage the liver in high doses.

Question: Are Tylenol, Advil and Motrin effective and safe to take for COVID-19 symptoms?

We aimed to provide a literature review on the putative effectiveness and safety of available treatments for COVID-19 in pregnant women.


But Tylenol isn't risk-free, either. It can damage the liver in high doses.

Question: Are Tylenol, Advil and Motrin effective and safe to take for COVID-19 symptoms?

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the best way to find effective and acceptable safe treatments for COVID-19 and any possible future outbreak


But Tylenol isn't risk-free, either. It can damage the liver in high doses.

Question: Are Tylenol, Advil and Motrin effective and safe to take for COVID-19 symptoms?

Surrogate points are usually evaluated, such as: clinical recovery, symptom-based disease relief (fever, cough, diarrhea, myalgia, shortness of breath), lack of progression of shortness of breath, rate of artificial ventilation, rate of admission to the intensive care unit, etc.


But Tylenol isn't risk-free, either. It can damage the liver in high doses.

Question: Are Tylenol, Advil and Motrin effective and safe to take for COVID-19 symptoms?

Currently, it is not possible to discuss the efficacy and safety of a drug in the treatment of COVID-19, as most studies have just begun.


Vitamin D deficiency may raise risk of getting COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. These include direct inhibition with viral replication or with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory ways. In the meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation has been shown as safe and effective against acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, people who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency during this global pandemic should consider taking vitamin D supplements to maintain the circulating 25(OH)D in the optimal levels (75-125nmol/L).


Vitamin D deficiency may raise risk of getting COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.


Vitamin D deficiency may raise risk of getting COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

In Middle East, the recovery rate (r= 0.267) and mortality rate (r= -0.217) showed a medium correlation.


Vitamin D deficiency may raise risk of getting COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.


From a mechanistic angle, there are good reasons to postulate that vitamin D favourably modulates host responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), both in the early viraemic and later hyperinflammatory phases of COVID-19.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.


From a mechanistic angle, there are good reasons to postulate that vitamin D favourably modulates host responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), both in the early viraemic and later hyperinflammatory phases of COVID-19.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. These include direct inhibition with viral replication or with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory ways. In the meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation has been shown as safe and effective against acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, people who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency during this global pandemic should consider taking vitamin D supplements to maintain the circulating 25(OH)D in the optimal levels (75-125nmol/L).


From a mechanistic angle, there are good reasons to postulate that vitamin D favourably modulates host responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), both in the early viraemic and later hyperinflammatory phases of COVID-19.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Vitamin D deficiency that is not sufficiently treated is associated with COVID-19 risk.


From a mechanistic angle, there are good reasons to postulate that vitamin D favourably modulates host responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), both in the early viraemic and later hyperinflammatory phases of COVID-19.

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A significant negative correlation (p=0.033) has been observed between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries.


Some people with certain medical conditions, such as kidney problems, cannot safely take vitamin D.

Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

CONCLUSION The use of IV vitamin C in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease may be feasible.


Some people with certain medical conditions, such as kidney problems, cannot safely take vitamin D.

Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Dietary supplementation has not been linked to COVID-19 prevention. However, supplementation with vitamins C and D, as well as with zinc and selenium, was highlighted as potentially beneficial for individuals with, or at risk of, respiratory viral infections or for those in whom nutrient deficiency is detected.


Some people with certain medical conditions, such as kidney problems, cannot safely take vitamin D.

Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Some nutrients are actively involved in the proper functioning and strengthening of the human immune system against viral infections including dietary protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, iron, zinc, and selenium. Few studies were done on the effect of dietary components on prevention of COVID-19, but supplementation with these nutrients may be effective in improving the health status of patients with viral infections.


Some people with certain medical conditions, such as kidney problems, cannot safely take vitamin D.

Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Dietary supplementation has not been linked to COVID-19 prevention.


phony product to prevent sars-cov-2 - use a silver spray instead of hand sanitizer

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

There is currently no vaccine for COVID-19, leaving governments and public health agencies with little defense against the virus aside from advising or enforcing best practices for virus transmission prevention, which include hand-washing, physical distancing, use of face covers, and use of effective disinfectants.


phony product to prevent sars-cov-2 - use a silver spray instead of hand sanitizer

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

Most alcohol based hand sanitizers are effective at inactivating enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses.


phony product to prevent sars-cov-2 - use a silver spray instead of hand sanitizer

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

When hand washing with soap and water is unavailable, a sufficient volume of sanitizer is necessary to ensure complete hand coverage, and compliance is critical for appropriate hand hygiene.


phony product to prevent sars-cov-2 - use a silver spray instead of hand sanitizer

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

The index of India has remained very low (161) so far, mainly due to early implementation of social lockdown, social distancing, and sanitizing hands.


The results of a trial that found dexamethasone reduced the risk of death in extremely ill coronavirus patients

Question: Is dexamethasone effective for treating COVID-19?

Corticosteroids could be useful in patients with an inflammatory profile, considering that acute respiratory distress syndrome may be the consequence of cytokine storm syndrome. LEARNING POINTS: One of the main pathophysiological hypotheses for severe COVID-19 pneumonia is inappropriate immunological hyperactivation. Corticosteroid therapy may be useful in these patients.


The results of a trial that found dexamethasone reduced the risk of death in extremely ill coronavirus patients

Question: Is dexamethasone effective for treating COVID-19?

In June 2020, a large randomised controlled clinical trial in the UK found that dexamethasone was effective in reducing the number of deaths in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).


The results of a trial that found dexamethasone reduced the risk of death in extremely ill coronavirus patients

Question: Is dexamethasone effective for treating COVID-19?

The dexamethasone was top-ranked in the prediction, which was the first reported drug to be able to significantly reduce the death rate of COVID-19 patients receiving respiratory support.


The results of a trial that found dexamethasone reduced the risk of death in extremely ill coronavirus patients

Question: Is dexamethasone effective for treating COVID-19?

There are many therapeutics undergoing clinical trials, but there is no effective vaccine or therapy for treatment thus far.


Does Wearing a Mask Protect Me? Some Evidence Says Yes

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Surgical face masks significantly reduced detection of influenza virus RNA in respiratory droplets and coronavirus RNA in aerosols, with a trend toward reduced detection of coronavirus RNA in respiratory droplets.


Does Wearing a Mask Protect Me? Some Evidence Says Yes

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use.


Does Wearing a Mask Protect Me? Some Evidence Says Yes

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

This study 1) illustrates transmission routes of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2);


Does Wearing a Mask Protect Me? Some Evidence Says Yes

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk.


COVID-19 panic more dangerous than the disease

Question: How dangerous is COVID-19?

Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus presenting a variability of flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, myalgia and fatigue; in severe cases, patients develop pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock, that can result in their death.


COVID-19 panic more dangerous than the disease

Question: How dangerous is COVID-19?

During quarantine due to the COVID-19, home risks to become a very dangerous place for victims of domestic violence.


COVID-19 panic more dangerous than the disease

Question: How dangerous is COVID-19?

Given the scope and speed of the spread, the COVID-19 pandemic is not only complex but dangerous.


COVID-19 panic more dangerous than the disease

Question: How dangerous is COVID-19?

Complicated objective factors such as the long-term existence of source of infection, difficulty in completely blocking the transmission route and a large susceptible population suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic might stay with us for long term. Therefore, we should be ready for a tough and long-term battle against the COVID-19 epidemic.


Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Dietary supplementation has not been linked to COVID-19 prevention. However, supplementation with vitamins C and D, as well as with zinc and selenium, was highlighted as potentially beneficial for individuals with, or at risk of, respiratory viral infections or for those in whom nutrient deficiency is detected.


Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Some nutrients are actively involved in the proper functioning and strengthening of the human immune system against viral infections including dietary protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, iron, zinc, and selenium. Few studies were done on the effect of dietary components on prevention of COVID-19, but supplementation with these nutrients may be effective in improving the health status of patients with viral infections.


Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

CONCLUSION The use of IV vitamin C in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease may be feasible.


Question: Does Vitamin C impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Following a balanced diet and supplementation with proper nutrients may play a vital role in prevention, treatment, and management of COVID-19.


COVID-19 spreads mainly among people who are in close contact (within about 6 feet) for a prolonged period.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

We use a simple log-linear model with intercept and trend break to evaluate whether the measures are effective preventing/slowing down the spread of the disease in Turkey.


COVID-19 spreads mainly among people who are in close contact (within about 6 feet) for a prolonged period.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

social distancing is associated with a statistically-significant reduction in the doubling rate for all but three states.


COVID-19 spreads mainly among people who are in close contact (within about 6 feet) for a prolonged period.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

The decentralized strategy is insufficient when used alone, but offers the best results when combined with the centralized one. Indeed, the (C+D) is the most efficient isolation strategy at mitigating the network superspreaders and reducing the highest node degrees to less than 10% of their initial values.


COVID-19 spreads mainly among people who are in close contact (within about 6 feet) for a prolonged period.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

stronger social distancing, e.g., cutting 75% of social ties, can reduce the outbreak by 75% for the C isolation, by 33% for the D isolation, and by 87% for the (C+D) isolation strategy.


it appears pets can contract the novel coronavirus from their owners

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

Although there is currently no evidence that animals play a substantial role in spreading COVID-19, CDC advises persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 to restrict contact with animals during their illness and to monitor any animals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and separate them from other persons and animals at home (1).


it appears pets can contract the novel coronavirus from their owners

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

Notification of presumptive positive animal test results triggered a One Health* investigation by state and federal partners, who determined that no further transmission events to other animals or persons had occurred.


it appears pets can contract the novel coronavirus from their owners

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

Cellular angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 which is identical or similar in different species of animals such as pigs, ferrets, cats, orangutans, monkeys, and humans. Moreover, a recent study predicted that dog might be secondary host during the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from bat to human. Therefore, there is a possibility of spreading SARS-CoV-2 through domestic pets.


it appears pets can contract the novel coronavirus from their owners

Question: Can animals spread COVID-19?

Experimental data showed ferrets and cats are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 as infected by virus inoculation and can transmit the virus directly or indirectly by droplets or airborne route.


the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is currently recommending anyone infected with the novel coronavirus or being tested for it to wear a surgical mask when in public

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context.


the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is currently recommending anyone infected with the novel coronavirus or being tested for it to wear a surgical mask when in public

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk.


the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is currently recommending anyone infected with the novel coronavirus or being tested for it to wear a surgical mask when in public

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use.


the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is currently recommending anyone infected with the novel coronavirus or being tested for it to wear a surgical mask when in public

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

We find that the critical mask adherence is 5 per 100 when 80% wear face masks.


In general, people with diabetes are more likely to experience severe symptoms and complications when infected with a virus.

Question: what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with diabetes

the association between DM and COVID-19-induced severe complications is still unclear


In general, people with diabetes are more likely to experience severe symptoms and complications when infected with a virus.

Question: what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with diabetes

Older age, diabetes and other comorbidities are reported as significant predictors of morbidity and mortality. Chronic inflammation, increased coagulation activity, immune response impairment, and potential direct pancreatic damage by SARS-CoV-2 might be among the underlying mechanisms of the association between diabetes and COVID-19.


In general, people with diabetes are more likely to experience severe symptoms and complications when infected with a virus.

Question: what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with diabetes

obesity represents the strongest predictor for Covid-19 followed by diabetes and hypertension in both sexes


In general, people with diabetes are more likely to experience severe symptoms and complications when infected with a virus.

Question: what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with diabetes

Our data support the notion that diabetes should be considered as a risk factor for a rapid progression and bad prognosis of COVID-19.


both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 also can use lectins to enter the cell

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

We show that a high (5106 pfu) and medium (5104 pfu) dose of SARS-CoV-2 induces consistent upper respiratory tract (URT) viral RNA shedding in both groups of six challenged animals, whilst a low dose (5102 pfu) resulted in only one of six displaying signs of URT viral RNA replication.


both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 also can use lectins to enter the cell

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

Several efforts are currently made to find a treatment for COVID-19 patients. So far, several anti-viral and immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs have demonstrated some efficacy on COVID-19 both in vitro and in animal models as well as in cases series.


both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 also can use lectins to enter the cell

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

When used for prophylaxis or treatment neither the standard human malaria dose (6.5 mg/kg) nor a high dose (50 mg/kg) of HCQ had any beneficial effect on clinical disease or SARS-CoV-2 kinetics (replication/shedding) in the Syrian hamster disease model. Similarly, HCQ prophylaxis/treatment (6.5 mg/kg) did not significantly benefit clinical outcome nor reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication/shedding in the upper and lower respiratory tract in the rhesus macaque disease model. In conclusion, our preclinical animal studies do not support the use of HCQ in prophylaxis/treatment of COVID-19.


both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 also can use lectins to enter the cell

Question: are there any drugs that work for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animals?

There is no therapeutic FDA-approved drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection, although a combination of anti-viral drugs is directly being practiced in some countries.


Coronaviruses are common viruses that can infect humans

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

While this novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) frequently induces mild diseases, it has also generated severe diseases among certain populations, including older-aged individuals with underlying diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.


Coronaviruses are common viruses that can infect humans

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

This provides evidences strongly supporting scientific hypotheses that bats and pangolins are probable hosts for the COVID-19 virus. At the whole genome analysis level, our findings also indicate that bats are more likely the hosts for the COVID-19 virus than pangolins.


Coronaviruses are common viruses that can infect humans

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Covid19 infection began in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December, 2019.


Coronaviruses are common viruses that can infect humans

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

However, the source(s) and transmission routine(s) of SARSCoV2 remain elusive' (1).


taking certain supplements such as vitamin d and vitamin c help boost your immune system in the fight against COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.


taking certain supplements such as vitamin d and vitamin c help boost your immune system in the fight against COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. These include direct inhibition with viral replication or with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory ways. In the meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation has been shown as safe and effective against acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, people who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency during this global pandemic should consider taking vitamin D supplements to maintain the circulating 25(OH)D in the optimal levels (75-125nmol/L).


taking certain supplements such as vitamin d and vitamin c help boost your immune system in the fight against COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Vitamin D deficiency that is not sufficiently treated is associated with COVID-19 risk.


taking certain supplements such as vitamin d and vitamin c help boost your immune system in the fight against COVID-19

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

In Middle East, the recovery rate (r= 0.267) and mortality rate (r= -0.217) showed a medium correlation.


COVID-19 originated in a laboratory in Wuhan, China -  and not naturally in wildlife

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

Recent research results suggest that bats or pangolins might be the original hosts for the virus based on comparative studies using its genomic sequences.


COVID-19 originated in a laboratory in Wuhan, China -  and not naturally in wildlife

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

However, the source(s) and transmission routine(s) of SARSCoV2 remain elusive' (1).


COVID-19 originated in a laboratory in Wuhan, China -  and not naturally in wildlife

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

The COVID19, which appeared to originate in China in December 2019, has spread worldwide pandemically.


COVID-19 originated in a laboratory in Wuhan, China -  and not naturally in wildlife

Question: what is the origin of COVID-19

The results obtained from various AI-enabled experiments using clustering algorithms demonstrate that all examined COVID-19 virus genomes belong to a cluster that also contains bat and pangolin coronavirus genomes.


Cytokine storm can severely damage lungs and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in covid-19 patients

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age(RR(age<50)=1.05,p<0.021;RR(age[]50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased:RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group.


Cytokine storm can severely damage lungs and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in covid-19 patients

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. These include direct inhibition with viral replication or with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory ways. In the meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation has been shown as safe and effective against acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, people who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency during this global pandemic should consider taking vitamin D supplements to maintain the circulating 25(OH)D in the optimal levels (75-125nmol/L).


Cytokine storm can severely damage lungs and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in covid-19 patients

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic.


Cytokine storm can severely damage lungs and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in covid-19 patients

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

A significant negative correlation (p=0.033) has been observed between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries.


vitamin D deficiency is associated with numerous chronic diseases, which we know also affect COVID-19 severity

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

In Europe, there were no correlations for both recovery (r= 0.040) and mortality rate (r= -0.035).


vitamin D deficiency is associated with numerous chronic diseases, which we know also affect COVID-19 severity

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

a small reverse correlation between mortality rate and vitamin D status was observed throughout the globe (r= -0.177). In Asia, a medium direct correlation was observed for recovery rate (r= 0.317) and a significant reveres correlation for mortality rate (r= -0.700) with vitamin D status in such patients.


vitamin D deficiency is associated with numerous chronic diseases, which we know also affect COVID-19 severity

Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

ecological investigation on 51 countries including 408,748 participants, analyses indicated no correlation between vitamin D levels and recovery rate (r= 0.041) as well as mortality rate (r=-0.073) globally.


an uptick in COVID-19 cases among young people could put older populations at higher risk of exposure to the virus, which has proven to be more deadly for those who are older or have underlying conditions

Question: what are the mortality rates overall and in specific populations

Mortality was significantly associated with older age, lower body mass index, chronic renal disease, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio, higher D-dimer, higher C-reactive protein, and receipt of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, renal replacement therapy, or vasodilator therapy.


an uptick in COVID-19 cases among young people could put older populations at higher risk of exposure to the virus, which has proven to be more deadly for those who are older or have underlying conditions

Question: what are the mortality rates overall and in specific populations

As COVID-19 mortality occurs mainly in elderly and as Africa has a comparably young population, the death rates should be lower than on other continents. We calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMR) using age-specific case fatality rates for COVID-19 and the age structure of the population of Africa and of other continents. Compared to a European or Northern American population, the standardised mortality ratio was only 0.22 and 0.25, respectively, corresponding to reduction of deaths rates to a quarter. Compared to the Asian and Latin American & Caribbean population, the SMR was 0.43 and 0.44, respectively, corresponding to half the death rate for Africa.


an uptick in COVID-19 cases among young people could put older populations at higher risk of exposure to the virus, which has proven to be more deadly for those who are older or have underlying conditions

Question: what are the mortality rates overall and in specific populations

We estimate an overall infection fatality rate of 1.29% (95% credible interval [CrI] 0.89 - 2.01), as well as large differences by age, with a low infection fatality rate of 0.05% for under 60 year old (CrI 0-.19) and a substantially higher 4.25% (CrI 3.01-6.39) for people above 60 years of age.


an uptick in COVID-19 cases among young people could put older populations at higher risk of exposure to the virus, which has proven to be more deadly for those who are older or have underlying conditions

Question: what are the mortality rates overall and in specific populations

A confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increased the probability of death across all patient groups, ranging from nine (6 to 15) times the population mortality in 35-year old infected females to a 53-fold increase (46 to 59) for 95 year old infected males. The highest relative risks were observed among males and older patients.


Hydroxychloroquine studies show drug is not effective for early treatment of mild covid-19

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

HCQ should be prescribed as a part of treatment for critically ill COVID-19 patients, with possible outcome of saving lives.


Hydroxychloroquine studies show drug is not effective for early treatment of mild covid-19

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

early empiric short-term administration of HCQ in symptomatic individuals, may be a promising, safe and low-cost strategy.


Hydroxychloroquine studies show drug is not effective for early treatment of mild covid-19

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

the use of hydroxychloroquine alone was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients.


Hydroxychloroquine studies show drug is not effective for early treatment of mild covid-19

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

Since COVID-19 outbreak, various agents have been tested but no proven effective therapies have been identified.


the time between exposure and the onset of covid-19 symptoms-is anywhere between two to 14 days.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

the centralized social distancing is necessary to minimize the pandemic spreading.


the time between exposure and the onset of covid-19 symptoms-is anywhere between two to 14 days.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

social distancing is associated with a statistically-significant reduction in the doubling rate for all but three states.


the time between exposure and the onset of covid-19 symptoms-is anywhere between two to 14 days.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

The decentralized strategy is insufficient when used alone, but offers the best results when combined with the centralized one. Indeed, the (C+D) is the most efficient isolation strategy at mitigating the network superspreaders and reducing the highest node degrees to less than 10% of their initial values.


the time between exposure and the onset of covid-19 symptoms-is anywhere between two to 14 days.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

The government of different countries has adopted various policies to contain this epidemic and the most common were social distancing and lockdown. Our analysis revealed that the measures can slow down the outbreak. We can reduce the epidemic size and prolong the time to arrive at the epidemic peak by seriously following the measures suggested by the authorities.


Hand sanitizer has also been shown to be less effective than hand-washing at preventing the flu. So far, however, the evidence remains unclear, so it's still best to use hand sanitizers if soap and water aren't available.

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

The ongoing COVID19 pandemic has made various challenges for communications all over the world. Nowadays hand hygiene practices with alcohol sanitizers are an unavoidable reality for many people, which cause skin dryness and flaking.


Hand sanitizer has also been shown to be less effective than hand-washing at preventing the flu. So far, however, the evidence remains unclear, so it's still best to use hand sanitizers if soap and water aren't available.

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

When hand washing with soap and water is unavailable, a sufficient volume of sanitizer is necessary to ensure complete hand coverage, and compliance is critical for appropriate hand hygiene.


Hand sanitizer has also been shown to be less effective than hand-washing at preventing the flu. So far, however, the evidence remains unclear, so it's still best to use hand sanitizers if soap and water aren't available.

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

Most alcohol based hand sanitizers are effective at inactivating enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses.


Hand sanitizer has also been shown to be less effective than hand-washing at preventing the flu. So far, however, the evidence remains unclear, so it's still best to use hand sanitizers if soap and water aren't available.

Question: what hand sanitizers kill COVID-19?

There is currently no vaccine for COVID-19, leaving governments and public health agencies with little defense against the virus aside from advising or enforcing best practices for virus transmission prevention, which include hand-washing, physical distancing, use of face covers, and use of effective disinfectants.


the addition of zinc to hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was associated with a decrease in mortality in patients who were not admitted to the intensive care unit.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

Preliminary clinical evidence from China and France showed significant virological and clinical benefit in HCQ-treated patients, while other studies, mostly including critically ill patients, did not show favorable results.


the addition of zinc to hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was associated with a decrease in mortality in patients who were not admitted to the intensive care unit.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

HCQ should be prescribed as a part of treatment for critically ill COVID-19 patients, with possible outcome of saving lives.


the addition of zinc to hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was associated with a decrease in mortality in patients who were not admitted to the intensive care unit.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

patients treated with HCQ at the time of early hospital recovered faster than those who treated later or taken as second line choose for their obvious shorter hospitalization time.


the addition of zinc to hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was associated with a decrease in mortality in patients who were not admitted to the intensive care unit.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

the use of hydroxychloroquine alone was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients.


Additionally, even if you are low risk (healthy, young), social distancing can reduce your risk of contracting COVID-19 and passing it on to someone around you that is at risk.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

The decentralized strategy is insufficient when used alone, but offers the best results when combined with the centralized one. Indeed, the (C+D) is the most efficient isolation strategy at mitigating the network superspreaders and reducing the highest node degrees to less than 10% of their initial values.


Additionally, even if you are low risk (healthy, young), social distancing can reduce your risk of contracting COVID-19 and passing it on to someone around you that is at risk.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

counties where the policies have been imposed have effectively increased social distancing and have seen slowing the spread of COVID-19.


Additionally, even if you are low risk (healthy, young), social distancing can reduce your risk of contracting COVID-19 and passing it on to someone around you that is at risk.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

Our models predict these strict social distancing measures caused a 79% and 61% reduction in the daily cases of COVID-19 across Australia and New Zealand respectively. This provides both evidence and impetus for governments considering similar measures in response to COVID-19 and other pandemics.


Additionally, even if you are low risk (healthy, young), social distancing can reduce your risk of contracting COVID-19 and passing it on to someone around you that is at risk.

Question: has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?

social distancing and have seen slowing the spread of COVID-19.


Wearing a face mask keeps me from spreading the virus, so I don't need to worry about getting close to others

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

In this study, we demonstrated, using avian coronavirus of infectious bronchitis virus to mimic SARSCoV2, that medical masks and N95 masks remained their blocking efficacy after being steamed on boiling water even for 2 hours.


Wearing a face mask keeps me from spreading the virus, so I don't need to worry about getting close to others

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use.


Wearing a face mask keeps me from spreading the virus, so I don't need to worry about getting close to others

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk.


Wearing a face mask keeps me from spreading the virus, so I don't need to worry about getting close to others

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context.


cytokine storm" play a major role in more severe COVID-19 outcomes

Question: what is a cytokine storm and how is it related to COVID-19?

The potential risk of cytokine storm in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been described


cytokine storm" play a major role in more severe COVID-19 outcomes

Question: what is a cytokine storm and how is it related to COVID-19?

The disease progresses rapidly, and the mortality is high. Certain evidence shows that, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the severe deterioration of some patients has been closely related to the cytokine storm in their bodies.


cytokine storm" play a major role in more severe COVID-19 outcomes

Question: what is a cytokine storm and how is it related to COVID-19?

The molecular mechanism of the cytokine storm has not been explored extensively yet.


cytokine storm" play a major role in more severe COVID-19 outcomes

Question: what is a cytokine storm and how is it related to COVID-19?

It has proven that COVID-19 infection in some elderly critical adults leads to a cytokine storm, which is characterized by severe systemic elevation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines.


Where can I buy hand sanitizer and if I can't find it in the store, can I make my own? But if you can't find any at the store, all is not lost - you can make your own.

Question: Where can I buy hand sanitizer and if I can’t find it in the store, can I make my own?

With the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19 throughout the world, the demand and consumption of hand sanitizers has increased, which had led to a sharp crunch in these products at all levels.


Where can I buy hand sanitizer and if I can't find it in the store, can I make my own? But if you can't find any at the store, all is not lost - you can make your own.

Question: Where can I buy hand sanitizer and if I can’t find it in the store, can I make my own?

The world is facing a medical crisis amid the CoViD-19 pandemic and the role of adequate hygiene and hand sanitisers is inevitable in controlling the spread of infection in public places and healthcare institutions.


Where can I buy hand sanitizer and if I can't find it in the store, can I make my own? But if you can't find any at the store, all is not lost - you can make your own.

Question: Where can I buy hand sanitizer and if I can’t find it in the store, can I make my own?

the efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer against the coronavirus.


Where can I buy hand sanitizer and if I can't find it in the store, can I make my own? But if you can't find any at the store, all is not lost - you can make your own.

Question: Where can I buy hand sanitizer and if I can’t find it in the store, can I make my own?

To date, most of the effective hand sanitizer products are alcohol-based formulations containing 62%-95% of alcohol as it can denature the proteins of microbes and the ability to inactivate viruses.


Hydroxychloroquine has been touted as a possible treatment for COVID-19 but it remains controversial as some experts believe it is unproven and may not be effective.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

patients treated with HCQ at the time of early hospital recovered faster than those who treated later or taken as second line choose for their obvious shorter hospitalization time.


Hydroxychloroquine has been touted as a possible treatment for COVID-19 but it remains controversial as some experts believe it is unproven and may not be effective.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin showed benefits in positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95 [95% CI,0.19 to 19.73] and a reduction in progression rate (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.58 to 1.37]), but without demonstrating any statistical significance.


Hydroxychloroquine has been touted as a possible treatment for COVID-19 but it remains controversial as some experts believe it is unproven and may not be effective.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

The available evidence suggests that CQ or HCQ does not improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19.


Hydroxychloroquine has been touted as a possible treatment for COVID-19 but it remains controversial as some experts believe it is unproven and may not be effective.

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

mortality rate was increased when the treatment was conducted with hydroxychloroquine.


We found evidence of ongoing inflammation within the heart muscle, as well as of the heart's lining in a considerable majority of patients

Question: are heart complications likely in patients with COVID-19?

Cardiovascular complications were mainly observed in the confirmed COVID-19+group, consisting of heart failure (9%), palpitations/arrhythmias (3%), stroke/TIA (3%) and pulmonary hypertension (3%). Cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain (1%), myocardial injury (1%) and pericardial effusion (1%) were also recorded.


We found evidence of ongoing inflammation within the heart muscle, as well as of the heart's lining in a considerable majority of patients

Question: are heart complications likely in patients with COVID-19?

the greater susceptibility of individuals with underlying cardiovascular conditions to develop more severe Covid-19 with higher mortality rate is likely to be confounded, in part, by age and the type of co-morbidities. Patients with heart failure or chronic kidney disease might show an excess risk


We found evidence of ongoing inflammation within the heart muscle, as well as of the heart's lining in a considerable majority of patients

Question: are heart complications likely in patients with COVID-19?

The cardiovascular system is also affected, with complications including myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, and venous thromboembolic events. Current therapies for COVID-19 may interact with cardiovascular medications.


We found evidence of ongoing inflammation within the heart muscle, as well as of the heart's lining in a considerable majority of patients

Question: are heart complications likely in patients with COVID-19?

Myocardial injury is significantly associated with fatal outcome of COVID-19, while the prognosis of patients with underlying CVD but without myocardial injury is relatively favorable. Myocardial injury is associated with cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Inflammation may be a potential mechanism for myocardial injury.


Question: Can 5G technology cause COVID-19?

The unprecedented outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus, termed as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), has placed numerous governments around the world in a precarious position. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, earlier witnessed by the citizens of China alone, has now become a matter of grave concern for virtually every country in the world.


Question: Can 5G technology cause COVID-19?

32.2% (n=75) denounced the conspiracy theory


Question: Can 5G technology cause COVID-19?

BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world, which has led to increased discussions across online platforms.


Question: Can 5G technology cause COVID-19?

these patterns are not specific to 5G conspiratorial beliefs


Hydroxychloroquine not effective as a treatment for covid-19

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

early empiric short-term administration of HCQ in symptomatic individuals, may be a promising, safe and low-cost strategy.


Hydroxychloroquine not effective as a treatment for covid-19

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

The available evidence suggests that CQ or HCQ does not improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19.


Hydroxychloroquine not effective as a treatment for covid-19

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

We found that fatalities are 18.8% (9/48) in HCQ group, which is significantly lower than 47.4% (238/502) in the NHCQ group (P<0.001). The time of hospital stay before patient death is 15 (10-21) days and 8 (4-14) days for the HCQ and NHCQ groups, respectively (P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were significantly reduced from 22.2 (8.3-118.9) pg mL-1 at the beginning of the treatment to 5.2 (3.0-23.4) pg mL-1 (P<0.05) at the end of the treatment in the HCQ group but there is no change in the NHCQ group.


Hydroxychloroquine not effective as a treatment for covid-19

Question: does hydroxychloroquine treat COVID-19?

patients treated with HCQ at the time of early hospital recovered faster than those who treated later or taken as second line choose for their obvious shorter hospitalization time.


Can wearing a face mask protect against the 2019 coronavirus?

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

2) addresses controversies surrounding the mask from perspectives of attitude, effectiveness, and necessity of wearing the mask with evidence that the use of mask would effectively interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases in both hospital settings and community settings;


Can wearing a face mask protect against the 2019 coronavirus?

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

It would therefore be reasonable to suggest that consistent widespread use of face masks in the community could prevent further spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Can wearing a face mask protect against the 2019 coronavirus?

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

Our results indicate that surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals.


Can wearing a face mask protect against the 2019 coronavirus?

Question: Can face masks protect me from the coronavirus disease?

and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context.


The immune system fight against the coronavirus

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Based on animal experiments, already acquired data on other coronavirus types and plausibility assumptions, it can be assumed that seroconverted patients have an immunity of limited duration and only a very low risk of reinfection.


The immune system fight against the coronavirus

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

In this study, we collected blood from COVID-19 patients who have recently become virus-free and therefore were discharged, and analyzed their SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T cell responses. We observed SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in the patients. Both were detected in newly discharged patients, suggesting both participate in immune-mediated protection to viral infection.


The immune system fight against the coronavirus

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of viral cycles and immunity is an important prerequisite for the development of vaccination strategies and development of effective drugs.


The immune system fight against the coronavirus

Question: will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity?

Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of viral cycles and immunity is an important prerequisite for the development of vaccination strategies and development of effective drugs.


Question: Can 5G technology cause COVID-19?

Findings revealed that belief in 5G COVID-19 conspiracy theories was positively correlated with state anger, which in turn, was associated with a greater justification of real-life and hypothetical violence in response to an alleged link between 5G mobile technology and COVID-19, alongside a greater intent to engage in similar behaviours in the future.


Question: Can 5G technology cause COVID-19?

32.2% (n=75) denounced the conspiracy theory


Question: Can 5G technology cause COVID-19?

5G-based robot-assisted remote ultrasound system is feasible, and effectively obtains ultrasound characteristics for cardiopulmonary assessment of COVID-19 patients.


Question: Can 5G technology cause COVID-19?

The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of the drivers of the 5G COVID-19 conspiracy theory and strategies to deal with such misinformation.


Question: Can smoking help in preventing COVID-19?

Data indicate CVIR demonstrates significant trends across cannabis use intensity quintiles and with relaxed cannabis legislation. Recent cannabis use is independently predictive of CVIR in bivariate and multivariable adjusted models and intensity of use is interactively significant.