Quantum measurement is a fundamental cornerstone of experimental quantum computations. The main issues in current quantum measurement strategies are the high number of measurement rounds to determine a global optimal measurement output and the low success probability of finding a global optimal measurement output. Each measurement round requires preparing the quantum system and applying quantum operations and measurements with high-precision control in the physical layer. These issues result in extremely high-cost measurements with a low probability of success at the end of the measurement rounds. Here, we define a novel measurement for quantum computations called dense quantum measurement. The dense measurement strategy aims at fixing the main drawbacks of standard quantum measurements by achieving a significant reduction in the number of necessary measurement rounds and by radically improving the success probabilities of finding global optimal outputs. We provide application scenarios for quantum circuits with arbitrary unitary sequences, and prove that dense measurement theory provides an experimentally implementable solution for gate-model quantum computer architectures.
@cite_39: We apply our recent Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm to the combinatorial problem of bounded occurrence Max E3LIN2. The input is a set of linear equations each of which contains exactly three boolean variables and each equation says that the sum of the variables mod 2 is 0 or is 1. Every variable is in no more than D equations. A random string will satisfy 1 2 of the equations. We show that the level one QAOA will efficiently produce a string that satisfies @math times the number of equations. A recent classical algorithm achieved @math . We also show that in the typical case the quantum computer will output a string that satisfies @math times the number of equations.
An application of the QAOA algorithm to a bounded occurrence constraint problem “Max E3LIN2” can be found in @cite_39 . In the analyzed problem, the input is a set of linear equations each of which has three boolean variables, and each equation outputs whether the sum of the variables is 0 or is 1 in a mod 2 representation. The work is aimed to demonstrate the capabilities of the QAOA algorithm in a gate-model quantum computer environment.