Early detection of significant traumatic events, e.g. a terrorist attack or a ship capsizing, is important to ensure that a prompt emergency response can occur. In the modern world telecommunication systems could play a key role in ensuring a successful emergency response by detecting such incidents through significant changes in calls and access to the networks. In this paper a methodology is illustrated to detect such incidents immediately (with the delay in the order of milliseconds), by processing semantically annotated streams of data in cellular telecommunication systems. In our methodology, live information about the position and status of phones are encoded as RDF streams. We propose an algorithm that processes streams of RDF annotated telecommunication data to detect abnormality. Our approach is exemplified in the context of a passenger cruise ship capsizing. However, the approach is readily translatable to other incidents. Our evaluation results show that with a properly chosen window size, such incidents can be detected efficiently and effectively.
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@cite_4: Many services provide weather forecasts, including severe weather alerts for the marine. It proves that many ships neglect the warnings because they expect to be able to handle the bad weather conditions. In order to identify possible unsafe situations the Coast Guard needs to observe marine vessel traffic 24 hours, 7 days a week. In this paper we propose a system that is able to support the Coast Guard. Ships can be localized and tracked individually using the Automatic Identification System (AIS). We present a system which is able to send a personal alert to ships expected to be in danger now or the near future. Ships will be monitored in the dangerous hours and routed to safe areas in the shortest time. The system is based on AIS data, probabilistic reasoning and expertise from the Coast Guard. A first prototype will be presented for open waters around the Netherlands.
@cite_8: The development of (semi)-autonomous vehicles and communication between vehicles and infrastructure (V2X) will aid to improve road safety by identifying dangerous traffic scenes. A key to this is the Local Dynamic Map (LDM), which acts as an integration platform for static, semi-static, and dynamic information about traffic in a geographical context. At present, the LDM approach is purely database-oriented with simple query capabilities, while an elaborate domain model as captured by an ontology and queries over data streams that allow for semantic concepts and spatial relationships are still missing. To fill this gap, we present an approach in the context of ontology-mediated query answering that features conjunctive queries over DL-Lite (_A ) ontologies allowing spatial relations and window operators over streams having a pulse. For query evaluation, we present a rewriting approach to ordinary DL-Lite (_A ) that transforms spatial relations involving epistemic aggregate queries and uses a decomposition approach that generates a query execution plan. Finally, we report on experiments with two scenarios and evaluate our implementation based on the stream RDBMS PipelineDB.
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@cite_0: The GSM system has become the most popular system for mobile communication in the world. Criminals commonly use GSM phones, and it is therefore a need for forensic investigators to understand which evidence can be obtained from the GSM system. This paper briefly explains the basics of the GSM system. Evidence items that can be obtained from the Mobile Equipment, the SIM and the core network are explored. Tools to extract such evidence from the components of the system exist, but there is a need to develop more sound forensic procedures and tools for extracting such evidence. The paper concludes with a short presentation on the future UMTS system, which largely builds on the design of GSM. All these factors make it important for forensic investigators to understand how the GSM system works, and how evidence can be extracted from it. Criminals took the step into the mobile age a long time ago, and information from the mobile system can give the investigator crucial information on the criminal's actions. It is however important that the information contained in the system is retrieved with a forensically sound method. It is equally important that the investigator understands the system in order to be able to explain to the courts how the system works. It is the aim of this paper to give forensic investigators an introduction to the current state of GSM forensics, and highlight some of the issues that will have to be solved in the future. 2.0 History of the GSM system In the beginning of the 1980s several different systems for mobile communications were developed in Europe. The need for a common system that allowed roaming between countries was early recognized. In 1982 a number of European countries created a new standardization organisation called "Groupe Speciale Mobile" (GSM). The mandate of this group was to develop a standard to be common for the countries that created it. In 1988 the GSM was included in the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), and the standards developed by GSM thus became standards for all telecommunication administrations in Europe. The main work with the GSM took place from 1988 - 1990 and resulted in 12 series of specifications which in great detail specified the inner workings of GSM. In 1990, when phase 1 of the specifications was finished, there were three dominating automatic systems for mobile communications in the world:
@cite_24: The use of mobile phone data provides new spatio-temporal tools for improving urban planning, and for reducing inefficiencies in present-day urban systems. Data from mobile phones, originally intended as a communication tool, are increasingly used as innovative tools in geography and social sciences research. Empirical studies on complex city systems from human-centred and urban dynamics perspectives provide new insights to develop promising applications for supporting smart city initiatives. This paper provides a comprehensive review and a typology of spatial studies on mobile phone data, and highlights the applicability of such digital data to develop innovative applications for enhanced urban management. Mobile phone data are a promising source to develop a wide range of smart city applications.Space-time data form a way to better understand the urban environment and its dynamics.A great part of the earth?s population can be now used as agents for data collection.CDRs are an excellent data sources to estimate the real-time presence and movement.Urban applications need a full spectrum of information sources for the effective management.
@cite_13: When a disaster occurs it is critical that emergency response information systems share a common ontology to support their disaster management alerting functions and notifications. Notifications are critical when an emergency scenario is going to happen (e.g. a typhoon approaching) so it is crucial, for emergency systems, to be able to transmit them to all kinds of recipients. An ontology was developed by investigating different sources: accessibility guidelines, emergency response systems, communication devices and technologies, taking into account the different abilities of people to react to different alarms (e.g. mobile phone vibration as an alarm for deaf people). We think that the proposed ontology addresses the information needs for sharing and integrating emergency notification messages and contents over different emergency response information systems and to be accessible under different conditions and for different kind of users.
@cite_17: In this demonstration paper we describe a web application that allows visualisation of current and historical readings of smart meters and monitoring their current states using CQELS for an integration of static and streaming RDF sources.
The utility of data from telecommunication system in geography and social science to improve urban planning has been increasingly investigated @cite_0 @cite_1 @cite_9 @cite_14 @cite_18 . In @cite_0 , Willessan presented how evidence obtained from mobile system plays a part in forensic investigation. @cite_24 @cite_9 @cite_14 @cite_18 provided a extensive coverage of the smart city applications adopting data from telecommunication system. However, these application mainly focus on mobile positioning only. @cite_17 presented an interesting application adopting satellite images and linked geographic data to detect wildfire. Ontology and RDF stream processing had also been adopted to develop autonomous vehicles in @cite_8 . A novel approach for spatiotemporal query linked data was reported in @cite_11 . Scholte and Rozenkrane @cite_4 have proposed a system to localize and track each ship, and send personalized alert to those that are expected to be in danger. However, this system might lose function when the communication device fails, and cannot detect an accident when the communication device on the ship is not functioning. @cite_13 designed and developed an ontology for emergency notification, such as a typhoon approaching'', but not for detection tragedies already happened.