Many Web portals allow users to associate additional information with existing multimedia resources such as images, audio, and video. However, these portals are usually closed systems and user-generated annotations are almost always kept locked up and remain inaccessible to the Web of Data. We believe that an important step to take is the integration of multimedia annotations and the Linked Data principles. We present the current state of the Open Annotation Model, explain our design rationale, and describe how the model can represent user annotations on multimedia Web resources. Applying this model in Web portals and devices, which support user annotations, should allow clients to easily publish and consume, thus exchange annotations on multimedia Web resources via common Web standards.
@cite_5: If order-making in the large is part of the institutional mission of libraries, then order-making in the small – the informal work of annotating and organizing materials collected in service of particular, day-to-day work or pleasure – is part of the business of library patrons. This paper focuses on just such activities, activities that stem from readers’ engagements with texts, and possibly with each other, against a backdrop of real-world settings and practices.
@cite_23: Today people typically read and annotate printed documents even if they are obtained from electronic sources like digital libraries If there is a reason for them to share these personal annotations online, they must re-enter them. Given the advent of better computer support for reading and annotation, including tablet interfaces, will people ever share their personal digital ink annotations as is, or will they make substantial changes to them? What can we do to anticipate and support the transition from personal to public annotations? To investigate these questions, we performed a study to characterize and compare students' personal annotations as they read assigned papers with those they shared with each other using an online system. By analyzing over 1, 700 annotations, we confirmed three hypotheses: (1) only a small fraction of annotations made while reading are directly related to those shared in discussion; (2) some types of annotations - those that consist of anchors in the text coupled with margin notes - are more apt to be the basis of public commentary than other types of annotations; and (3) personal annotations undergo dramatic changes when they are shared in discussion, both in content and in how they are anchored to the source document. We then use these findings to explore ways to support the transition from personal to public annotations.
The different forms and functions that annotations can take are analyzed by Marshall @cite_5 . She distinguishes between and annotations, whereby formal annotations follow structural standards and informal ones are unstructured. Furthermore, Marshall divides into annotations that are intended for sharing and annotations of personal nature, often interpretable only by the original creator. Further divisions defined by Marshall with regard to the function of an annotation include vs. , vs. , vs. , vs. and vs. vs. . The difference between personal and public annotations in a digital environment is further investigated in a study by Marshall and Brush @cite_23 . They derive design implications for annotation systems, e.g. regarding find and filtering requirements, and user interface strategies for processing and sharing annotations.