Matt Green scored the opening goal in the 63rd minute and Shaq Coulthirst sealed the points after 76 minutes.
Coulthirst forced a couple of early saves from Mark Gillespie in the Carlisle goal before Danny Rose had a goal ruled out for offside in the 35th minute.
Shaun Miller and Jamie Proctor both went close for Carlisle, while Gillespie blocked a powerful Coulthirst shot and Rose missed the target with the follow-up.
Green gave his side the lead when he cushioned home a perfect eight-yard header from Coulthirst's left-wing cross.
Coulthirst made the game safe when he arrowed a powerful low finish across the goalkeeper and inside the far post.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Mansfield Town 2, Carlisle United 0.
Second Half ends, Mansfield Town 2, Carlisle United 0.
Attempt missed. Matt Green (Mansfield Town) right footed shot from outside the box is too high from a direct free kick.
Shaun Brisley (Carlisle United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Shaquile Coulthirst (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Shaun Brisley (Carlisle United).
Shaquile Coulthirst (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Reggie Lambe (Carlisle United).
Corner,  Carlisle United. Conceded by Malvind Benning.
Attempt saved. John O'Sullivan (Carlisle United) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Corner,  Carlisle United. Conceded by Joel Byrom.
Corner,  Carlisle United. Conceded by Malvind Benning.
Corner,  Carlisle United. Conceded by Rhys Bennett.
Reggie Lambe (Carlisle United) is shown the yellow card.
Rhys Bennett (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Junior Joachim (Carlisle United).
Substitution, Mansfield Town. Yoann Arquin replaces Danny Rose.
Attempt blocked. Luke Joyce (Carlisle United) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt saved. Junior Joachim (Carlisle United) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Goal!  Mansfield Town 2, Carlisle United 0. Shaquile Coulthirst (Mansfield Town) right footed shot from the left side of the box to the bottom right corner.
Attempt saved. CJ Hamilton (Mansfield Town) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Rhys Bennett (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Junior Joachim (Carlisle United).
Substitution, Carlisle United. John O'Sullivan replaces Alex McQueen.
Substitution, Mansfield Town. CJ Hamilton replaces Alexander MacDonald.
Attempt missed. Alex McQueen (Carlisle United) header from the right side of the six yard box is close, but misses to the right.
Attempt blocked. Shaun Miller (Carlisle United) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Mansfield Town. Conceded by Michael Raynes.
Attempt blocked. Alexander MacDonald (Mansfield Town) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked.
Corner,  Mansfield Town. Conceded by Shaun Brisley.
Corner,  Mansfield Town. Conceded by Danny Grainger.
Corner,  Carlisle United. Conceded by Kyle Howkins.
Goal!  Mansfield Town 1, Carlisle United 0. Matt Green (Mansfield Town) header from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Shaquile Coulthirst with a cross.
Hayden White (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Junior Joachim (Carlisle United).
Attempt blocked. Matt Green (Mansfield Town) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, Carlisle United. Junior Joachim replaces Jamie Proctor.
Attempt missed. Danny Rose (Mansfield Town) left footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Attempt saved. Shaquile Coulthirst (Mansfield Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Rhys Bennett (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Mansfield Town ended their four-game goal drought to overcome Carlisle United at One Call Stadium.