The Tories took six seats more than at the last election in 2013 despite a high-profile defeat for council leader John Osman.
Mr Osman lost his Wells seat to former Liberal Democrat MP Tessa Munt by 95 votes.
However, the Lib Dems lost six seats overall compared to 2013.
Election 2017: Full results from across England
Despite the Somerset losses, Ms Munt told BBC Radio Four she thought her party was "in full-on bounce back".
UKIP lost all three of its seats on the council, while Labour retained its three seats.
Along with the remaining 12 Lib Dem councillors, three Independents and two Greens complete the new council.
The Green party took the Frome East and Frome West wards previously held by the Lib Dems.
Following Mr Osman's defeat, deputy council leader David Hall is expected to take on the responsibilities of leader until a full council meeting on 24 May.
The Conservative Party took 35 out of 55 available seats to retain control of Somerset County Council with an increased majority.