Kashket's 49th-minute strike, against his former club, registered his 11th goal of the season and gave Wanderers an eighth win in a row, while Orient are languishing close to the relegation zone.
All eyes were on the in-form Kashket, facing Orient for the first time since his summer move, and it was the 20-year-old who opened the scoring just after the break.
The ball fell to the winger who guided his left-footed shot beyond the reach of goalkeeper Alex Cisak.
However, the visitors had nearly taken the lead on the half-hour mark when Jay Simpson's left-footed strike whistled past Jamal Blackman's post.
And Orient again thought they had the lead when Paul McCallum turned Jay Simpson's low cross into the roof of the net. However, the goal was ruled out for offside.
The game petered out in the final half hour as neither side went close, handing Wanderers maximum points.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Wycombe Wanderers 1, Leyton Orient 0.
Second Half ends, Wycombe Wanderers 1, Leyton Orient 0.
Nigel Atangana (Leyton Orient) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Garry Thompson (Wycombe Wanderers).
Corner,  Wycombe Wanderers. Conceded by Nicky Hunt.
Attempt missed. Sam Wood (Wycombe Wanderers) left footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Attempt missed. Matt Bloomfield (Wycombe Wanderers) header from the centre of the box is just a bit too high.
Substitution, Wycombe Wanderers. Myles Weston replaces Paris Cowan-Hall.
Substitution, Wycombe Wanderers. Sam Wood replaces Scott Kashket.
Nicky Hunt (Leyton Orient) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Anthony Stewart (Wycombe Wanderers).
Attempt missed. Aaron Pierre (Wycombe Wanderers) left footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the right following a corner.
Corner,  Wycombe Wanderers. Conceded by Nigel Atangana.
Attempt blocked. Luke O'Nien (Wycombe Wanderers) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Wycombe Wanderers. Conceded by Myles Judd.
Substitution, Leyton Orient. Sam Dalby replaces Robbie Weir.
Paris Cowan-Hall (Wycombe Wanderers) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Sandro Semedo (Leyton Orient) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Paris Cowan-Hall (Wycombe Wanderers).
Foul by Jay Simpson (Leyton Orient).
Joe Jacobson (Wycombe Wanderers) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Paul McCallum (Leyton Orient) is shown the yellow card.
Nicky Hunt (Leyton Orient) is shown the yellow card.
Teddy Mezague (Leyton Orient) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Paris Cowan-Hall (Wycombe Wanderers).
Substitution, Leyton Orient. Sandro Semedo replaces Jordan Bowery.
Corner,  Leyton Orient. Conceded by Joe Jacobson.
Corner,  Leyton Orient. Conceded by Michael Harriman.
Teddy Mezague (Leyton Orient) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Paris Cowan-Hall (Wycombe Wanderers).
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Alex Cisak (Leyton Orient) because of an injury.
Foul by Nicky Hunt (Leyton Orient).
Scott Kashket (Wycombe Wanderers) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Substitution, Leyton Orient. Teddy Mezague replaces Callum Kennedy because of an injury.
Delay in match Callum Kennedy (Leyton Orient) because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Joe Jacobson (Wycombe Wanderers) left footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Foul by Nicky Hunt (Leyton Orient).
Scott Kashket (Wycombe Wanderers) wins a free kick on the left wing.
A Scott Kashket goal was enough for Wycombe Wanderers to see off a well-organised Leyton Orient side at Adams Park.