The Highways England scheme will take place between Low Newton junction and Meathop roundabout near Grange-over-Sands.
Resurfacing, drainage and sign improvements will also be carried out near the Brettargh Holt roundabout.
The work is due to be finished on 20 December and will involve some overnight closures.
A Â£330,000 project to improve the A590 in south Cumbria by installing new safety barriers begins later.