title: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1075/2011 of 24 October 2011 establishing the standard import values for determining the entry price of certain fruit and vegetables

text:
               25.10.2011

               EN

               Official Journal of the European Union

               L 278/7

         COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 1075/2011
   of 24 October 2011
   establishing the standard import values for determining the entry price of certain fruit and vegetables
   THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
   Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
   Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 of 22 October 2007 establishing a common organisation of agricultural markets and on specific provisions for certain agricultural products (Single CMO Regulation) (1),
   Having regard to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 543/2011 of 7 June 2011 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 in respect of the fruit and vegetables and processed fruit and vegetables sectors (2), and in particular Article 136(1) thereof,
   Whereas:
   Implementing Regulation (EU) No 543/2011 lays down, pursuant to the outcome of the Uruguay Round multilateral trade negotiations, the criteria whereby the Commission fixes the standard values for imports from third countries, in respect of the products and periods stipulated in Annex XVI, Part A thereto,
   HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
   Article 1
   The standard import values referred to in Article 136 of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 543/2011 are fixed in the Annex hereto.
   Article 2
   This Regulation shall enter into force on 25 October 2011.

      This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
      Done at Brussels, 24 October 2011.

            For the Commission, On behalf of the President,
         José Manuel SILVA RODRÍGUEZ

            Director-General for Agriculture and Rural Development

      (1)  OJ L 299, 16.11.2007, p. 1.

      (2)  OJ L 157, 15.6.2011, p. 1.

      ANNEX
      Standard import values for determining the entry price of certain fruit and vegetables

                  (EUR/100 kg)

                  CN code

                  Third country code (1)

                  Standard import value

                  0702 00 00

                  AL

                  57,4

                  MA

                  51,7

                  MK

                  58,0

                  ZZ

                  55,7

                  0707 00 05

                  AL

                  45,6

                  MK

                  62,2

                  TR

                  147,7

                  ZZ

                  85,2

                  0709 90 70

                  AR

                  33,4

                  TR

                  135,7

                  ZZ

                  84,6

                  0805 50 10

                  AR

                  63,2

                  TR

                  66,8

                  ZA

                  81,1

                  ZZ

                  70,4

                  0806 10 10

                  BR

                  217,1

                  CL

                  71,4

                  MK

                  110,6

                  TR

                  129,4

                  ZA

                  67,9

                  ZZ

                  119,3

                  0808 10 80

                  AR

                  61,9

                  BR

                  86,4

                  CA

                  105,4

                  CL

                  90,0

                  CN

                  82,6

                  NZ

                  110,5

                  US

                  82,8

                  ZA

                  100,1

                  ZZ

                  90,0

                  0808 20 50

                  CN

                  49,9

                  TR

                  127,5

                  ZZ

                  88,7

         (1)  Nomenclature of countries laid down by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1833/2006 (OJ L 354, 14.12.2006, p. 19). Code ‘ZZ’ stands for ‘of other origin’.


title: Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1306/2011 of 12 December 2011 clarifying the scope of the definitive anti-dumping duties imposed by Regulation (EC) No 261/2008 on imports of certain compressors originating in the People’s Republic of China

text:
               15.12.2011

               EN

               Official Journal of the European Union

               L 332/1

         COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 1306/2011
   of 12 December 2011
   clarifying the scope of the definitive anti-dumping duties imposed by Regulation (EC) No 261/2008 on imports of certain compressors originating in the People’s Republic of China
   THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
   Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
   Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009 of 30 November 2009 on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community (1) (‘the basic Regulation’) and in particular Article 9 and Article 14, paragraph 3 thereof,
   Having regard to the proposal submitted by the European Commission (‘the Commission’) after having consulted the Advisory Committee,
   Whereas:
   A.   PROCEDURE

   1.   Original investigation and anti-dumping duty

               (1)

               On 21 December 2006, the Commission announced, by a notice published in the Official Journal of the European Union
                   (2), the initiation of an anti-dumping proceeding with regard to imports of certain compressors originating in the People’s Republic of China (‘the original investigation’).

               (2)

               The Council, by Regulation (EC) No 261/2008 (3), imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain compressors originating in the People’s Republic of China (‘measure concerned’ and or ‘definitive Regulation’). The measure concerned expired on 21 March 2010 (4).

         2.   Reopening of the original investigation

               (3)

               The original investigation was reopened on the Commission’s own initiative after some importers of compressors originating in the People’s Republic of China (‘the PRC’) have raised concerns on the anti-dumping duties applicable to imports of so-called mini-compressors, i.e. compressors without a tank, capable of operating on a 12 V power supply (‘mini-compressors’).

               (4)

               Although mini-compressors fall within the literal definition of the product concerned as specified by Article 1 of the definitive Regulation, the information at the Commission’s disposal indicated that mini-compressors appear to be distinct from the other compressors subject to the measure concerned (‘other compressors subject to the measure concerned’).

               (5)

               Therefore, it was considered appropriate to partially reopen the investigation as far as a clarification of the scope of the product is concerned, with the conclusion thereon possibly having retroactive effect as of the date of the imposition of the measure concerned.

         3.   Present investigation

               (6)

               After consulting the Advisory Committee, the Commission announced by a notice published in the Official Journal of the European Union
                   (5) the partial reopening of the anti-dumping investigation concerning imports of certain compressors originating in the PRC initiated pursuant to Article 5 of the basic Regulation.

               (7)

               The Commission officially advised all the parties that cooperated in the original investigation as well as the authorities of the PRC of the initiation of the proceeding. Interested parties were given an opportunity to make their views known in writing and to request a hearing within the time limit set in the notice of initiation.

               (8)

               All interested parties, who so requested and showed that there were particular reasons why they should be heard, were granted a hearing.

               (9)

               Submissions were received from 15 interested parties, including 11 importers of mini-compressors, one EU producer and one Chinese exporter of mini-compressors, one EU producer of compressors (one of the complainants in the original investigation) and its related exporter of compressors from the PRC.

               (10)

               Given that the present reopening of the investigation is limited to the clarification of the product scope definitive Regulation, no investigation period was set for the purpose of this partial reopening.

               (11)

               All interested parties were informed of the essential facts and considerations on the basis of which the present conclusions were reached. In accordance with Article 20(5) of the basic Regulation, parties were granted a period within which they can make representations subsequent to the disclosure. The oral and written comments submitted by the parties were considered and, where appropriate, the findings have been modified accordingly.

         B.   PRODUCT UNDER INVESTIGATION

               (12)

               The product under investigation is the same as defined in Article 1 of the definitive Regulation, i.e. reciprocating compressors (excluding reciprocating compressor pumps), giving a flow not exceeding 2 cubic metres per minute.

               (13)

               The product is currently falling within CN codes ex 8414 40 10, ex 8414 80 22, ex 8414 80 28 and ex 8414 80 51.

               (14)

               The present reopening of the investigation was intended to determine whether so-called mini-compressors, i.e. compressors without a tank and capable of operating on a 12 V power supply, are covered by the product definition of Article 1 of the definitive Regulation.

         C.   RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION

   1.   Methodology

               (15)

               In order to assess whether mini-compressors are covered by the product definition of Article 1 of the definitive Regulation, it was examined whether mini-compressors and other compressors subject to the measure concerned shared the same basic physical and technical characteristics and end-uses. In this regard, the interchangeability between mini-compressors and other compressors subject to the measure concerned in the Union was also assessed. In addition, it was examined whether the original investigation actually covered and analysed mini-compressors.

         2.   Basic physical and technical characteristics

               (16)

               The present reopened investigation established that mini-compressors consist of an electric motor that drives a pump which continuously pushes air out through the connected air hose with varying air pressure. Mini-compressors are not equipped with a tank, typically do not have a pressure regulator and are capable of operating on a 12 V direct current power supply. They are relatively small and their weight would normally not exceed 2-3 kg as they need to be easily portable. Mini-compressors have a maximum operating time (normally up to 20 minutes) and give an airflow normally not exceeding 50 l/min.

               (17)

               On the other hand, the definitive Regulation, further to the definition in its Article 1 and repeated in recital 12 above, contains detailed information about other compressors subject to the measure concerned. In particular, in recital 17, the definitive Regulation specified that ‘A compressor is typically made up of a pump, driven by an electric motor either directly or through a belt mechanism. In most cases the pressurised air is pumped into a tank and exits through a pressure regulator and a rubber hose. Compressors, in particular the larger ones, can have wheels to make them mobile’. The tank and pressure regulator in such compressors provide for a steady airflow. Normally, such compressors are relatively big and their weight would be of at least 25 kg and often more. They are designed to work with alternating current of 120 V and above, they have no limited working time and give airflow of up to 2 000 l/min.

               (18)

               Consequently, it is concluded that mini-compressors and other compressors subject to the measure concerned do not share the same basic physical and technical characteristics.

         3.   Basic end-uses and interchangeability

               (19)

               The present reopened investigation established that mini-compressors are predominantly used in automotive sector and are designed to inflate tyres and are often sold as part of a tyre-repair-kit together with a sealant that can be pumped into a punctured tyre. Some mini-compressors are also used as a household application inflating toys, balls, air mattresses or other inflatable objects.

               (20)

               On the other hand the definitive Regulation specified in recital 19 that ‘The product concerned is used for driving air-powered tools or for spraying, cleaning, or inflating tyres and other objects’. Such compressors can be used for some semi-professional activities or in the ‘do-it-yourself’ segment for driving air-powered tools or for spraying or painting or cleaning. Those applications are possible due to a steady flow of air that can be regulated. Such a feature is not provided for in mini-compressors.

               (21)

               The information gathered showed that mini-compressors are normally priced at a level significantly lower than that for other compressors. Mini-compressors are intended for different customers and are distributed via different channels than other compressors subject to the measure concerned. Moreover, while mini-compressors are normally sold as part of a tyre repair kit (replacing a spare tyre) either together with a car or in specialist automotive shops or in supermarkets (for alternative uses like inflating toys), other compressors subject to the measure concerned are normally to be found only in specialist ‘do-it-yourself’ shops.

               (22)

               Given the above, it is concluded that mini-compressors and other compressors subject to the measure concerned have different end-uses, target different markets and are in principle not interchangeable.

         4.   Product investigated in the original investigation

               (23)

               None of the parties that cooperated in the original investigation (three EU producers, 14 exporting producers in the PRC and one unrelated importer in the EU) was involved in manufacturing and/or trading mini-compressors. It is apparent from the original investigation that the relevant information was at that time not collected with regard to mini-compressors.

               (24)

               Thus, it seems that although mini-compressors were not explicitly excluded, the investigation at that time did not intend to include mini-compressors.

               (25)

               This is also confirmed by the statement of one of the complainants in the original investigation. Following a request from the Commission, it clearly stated that in its view mini-compressors were not meant to be covered by the complaint and the resulting anti-dumping proceeding.

               (26)

               Given the above, it is concluded that mini-compressors were not investigated in the framework of the original investigation.

         D.   CONCLUSION ON THE PRODUCT SCOPE

               (27)

               The above findings show that mini-compressors and other compressors subject to the measure concerned do not share the same basic physical and technical characteristics and end-uses. They have different end-uses, target different markets and are in principle not interchangeable. In addition, mini-compressors were not investigated in the framework of the original investigation. On this basis, it is concluded that mini-compressors and other compressors are two different products.

               (28)

               Almost all parties that came forward in the present reopened investigation requested that mini-compressors should be excluded from the product scope of the original measure.

               (29)

               On the other hand, the cooperating EU producer of mini-compressors argued that the original measure encompassed its products and that it rightfully protected its interests. Consequently, it claimed that anti-dumping duty should be collected on mini-compressors retroactively and in the future, as the injurious dumping of mini-compressors continues to take place.

               (30)

               In this regard, it is noted that neither this producer nor any other producer of mini-compressors cooperated in the original investigation. Further, as concluded above in recital 26, mini-compressors were not investigated at the time of the original investigation. It is also noted that as established by the present reopened investigation significant differences exist between mini-compressors and compressors investigated in the original investigation. Consequently, the position of the said EU producer of mini-compressors cannot alter the findings in the present reopened investigation.

               (31)

               With regard to the claim about continued injurious dumping of mini-compressors and possible imposition of anti-dumping measures, it should be noted that, as explained in recitals 23 to 26 above, mini-compressors were not investigated in the original investigation and that a determination whether injurious dumping took or is taking place cannot be addressed by the present reopened investigation, which is limited to the clarification of the product scope of the original measure.

               (32)

               Following disclosure, the EU producer of mini-compressors repeated his position and suggested that the retroactive exclusion of mini-compressors from the measures would result in retroactive fortification of their competitors in the PRC and would distort the competition.

               (33)

               In this regard, it is reiterated that the reopened investigation did not analyse the market situation for mini-compressors and did not envisage doing so. It simply aimed at clarifying if mini-compressors are different from the compressors investigated in the original investigation. The outcome is also not supposed to distort any market situation but to provide clarity with regard to applicable duties.

               (34)

               Following disclosure, one cooperating importer was suggesting that mini-compressors are in fact only pumps and any duty on compressors is per definition not applicable to pumps that were explicitly excluded from the product scope of the original measure.

               (35)

               In this respect, it should be noted that the present reopened investigation does not support such an interpretation and that mini-compressors are clearly — from a technical point of view — compressors as they move the air from one place to another (as pumps do) but also compress the air in the object that they are connected to.

               (36)

               Given the above, it is concluded that mini-compressors (i.e. compressors without a tank and capable of operating on a 12 V power supply) are distinct from compressors investigated in the original investigation.

               (37)

               Since mini-compressors did not fall within the scope of the original investigation the anti-dumping duty should not have been applied to imports of mini-compressors. Consequently, the scope of application of the measure concerned should be clarified retroactively by an amendment to the definitive Regulation.

         E.   RETROACTIVE APPLICATION

               (38)

               Since the present reopening of the investigation is limited to the clarification of the product scope and since mini-compressors were not covered by the original investigation and the consequent anti-dumping measure, it is considered appropriate that the findings be applied from the date of the entry into force of the definitive Regulation.

               (39)

               Consequently, any definitive anti-dumping duty paid or entered into the accounts pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 261/2008 on imports of mini-compressors originating in the PRC should be repaid or remitted. The repayment or remission must be requested from national customs authorities in accordance with applicable customs legislation. Moreover, in order to avoid that the importers concerned could not claim such repayment due to the deadlines in that legislation, in case those deadlines have expired before or on the date of publication of this Regulation, or if they expire within six months after that date, they are hereby extended so as to expire six months after the date of publication of this Regulation,

         HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
   Article 1
   Article 1(1) of Regulation (EC) No 261/2008 shall be replaced by the following:

      ‘1.   A definitive anti-dumping duty is hereby imposed on imports of reciprocating compressors (excluding reciprocating compressor pumps), giving a flow not exceeding 2 cubic metres per minute, falling within CN codes ex 8414 40 10, ex 8414 80 22, ex 8414 80 28 and ex 8414 80 51, (TARIC codes 8414401010, 8414802219, 8414802299, 8414802811, 8414802891, 8414805119 and 8414805199) and originating in the People’s Republic of China. So-called mini-compressors, i.e. compressors without a tank and capable of operating on a 12 V power supply and falling within the abovementioned CN codes shall not be covered by the definitive anti-dumping duty.’.

   Article 2
   For goods not covered by Article 1(1) of Regulation (EC) No 261/2008 as amended by this Regulation, the definitive anti-dumping duty paid or entered into the accounts pursuant to Article 1(1) of Regulation (EC) No 261/2008 in its initial version shall be repaid or remitted.
   Repayment and remission shall be requested from national customs authorities in accordance with applicable customs legislation. In cases where the time limits provided for in Article 236(2) of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 of 12 October 1992 establishing the Community Customs Code (6) have expired before or on the date of publication of this Regulation, or if they expire within six months after that date, they are hereby extended so as to expire six months after the date of publication of this Regulation.
   Article 3
   This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union and shall apply retroactively from 21 March 2008.

      This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
      Done at Brussels, 12 December 2011.

            For the Council

            The President

         S. NOWAK

      (1)  OJ L 343, 22.12.2009, p. 51.

      (2)  OJ C 314, 21.12.2006, p. 2.

      (3)  OJ L 81, 20.3.2008, p. 1.

      (4)  OJ C 73, 23.3.2010, p. 39.

      (5)  OJ C 98, 30.3.2011, p. 22.

      (6)  OJ L 302, 19.10.1992, p. 1.


title: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1867 of 20 October 2016 amending the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 3199/93 on the mutual recognition of procedures for the complete denaturing of alcohol for the purposes of exemption from excise duty

text:
               21.10.2016

               EN

               Official Journal of the European Union

               L 286/32

         COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2016/1867
   of 20 October 2016
   amending the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 3199/93 on the mutual recognition of procedures for the complete denaturing of alcohol for the purposes of exemption from excise duty
   THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
   Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
   Having regard to Council Directive 92/83/EEC of 19 October 1992 on the harmonisation of the structures of excise duties on alcohol and alcoholic beverages (1), and in particular Article 27(4) thereof,
   Whereas:

               (1)

               Pursuant to Article 27(1)(a) of Directive 92/83/EEC, Member States are required to exempt from excise duty alcohol which has been completely denatured in accordance with the requirements of any Member State, provided that such requirements have been duly notified and accepted in accordance with the conditions laid down in paragraphs 3 and 4 of that Article.

               (2)

               Denaturants which are employed in each Member State for the purposes of the complete denaturing of alcohol in accordance with Article 27(1)(a) of Directive 92/83/EEC are described in the Annex to Commission Regulation (EC) No 3199/93 (2).

               (3)

               Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 162/2013 (3) introduced a common procedure for the complete denaturing of alcohol. That common procedure involves the use, per hectolitre of absolute ethanol, of three litres of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), three litres of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and one gram of denatonium benzoate. That common procedure was intended to replace the various national denaturing procedures in order to prevent evasion, avoidance and abuse.

               (4)

               Although that common denaturing procedure is acknowledged to be robust, efficient and effective in combatting fraud while preventing accidental or deliberate consumption, it has not been applied in the majority of industry uses, largely because of the higher costs of that procedure in comparison to some national denaturing procedures. The large number of national denaturing procedures weakens effective supervision and offers opportunities for fraud.

               (5)

               In discussion with competent authorities and having regard to the views of the industry, consensus has been reached on a single common denaturing procedure. That procedure entails lower costs, since it reduces the required quantity of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and denatonium benzoate per hectolitre of absolute ethanol, while guaranteeing a sufficient level of prevention.

               (6)

               Consequently, all national denaturing procedures should be removed from the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 3199/93. Member States which continue to use national denaturing procedures will do so under the conditions of Article 27(1)(b) of Directive 92/83/EEC, which provides for exemption from harmonised excise duty for denatured alcohol used in the manufacture of any product not for human consumption.

               (7)

               The Commission transmitted all the communications referred to in Article 27(3) of Directive 92/83/EEC to the other Member States.

               (8)

               No objections, as referred to in Article 27(4) of Directive 92/83/EEC, has been received to the requirements notified.

               (9)

               It is appropriate to provide for a reasonable period of time to allow the industry time to adapt to the new common denaturing procedure and to allow it to fulfil existing contractual obligations.

               (10)

               Regulation (EC) No 3199/93 should therefore be amended accordingly.

               (11)

               The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee on Excise Duties,

         HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
   Article 1
   The Annex to Regulation (EC) No 3199/93 is replaced by the text in the Annex to this Regulation.
   Article 2
   This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
   It shall apply from 1 August 2017.

      This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
      Done at Brussels, 20 October 2016.

            For the Commission

            The President

         Jean-Claude JUNCKER

      (1)  OJ L 316, 31.10.1992, p. 21.

      (2)  Commission Regulation (EC) No 3199/93 of 22 November 1993 on the mutual recognition of procedures for the complete denaturing of alcohol for the purposes of exemption from excise duty (OJ L 288, 23.11.1993, p. 12).

      (3)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 162/2013 of 21 February 2013 amending the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 3199/93 on the mutual recognition of procedures for the complete denaturing of alcohol for the purposes of exemption from excise duty (OJ L 49, 22.2.2013, p. 55).

      ANNEX

            ‘ANNEX

                        1.

                        List of products with their Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number authorised for the complete denaturing of alcohol:

                                    Denatonium benzoate

                                    CAS: 3734-33-6

                                    Isopropyl alcohol (IPA)

                                    CAS: 67-63-0

                                    Methyl ethyl ketone (butanone) (MEK)

                                    CAS: 78-93-3

                        2.

                        Synonyms of the authorised products are available in various official languages of the Union in the European Customs Inventory of Chemical Substances database.

                        3.

                        The term “absolute ethanol” is used in this Annex in conformity with the terminology used by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

                        4.

                        The common denaturing procedure employed in all Member States for completely denatured alcohol:
                        Per hectolitre of absolute ethanol, the following substances shall be added:

                                    —

                                    1,0 litre isopropyl alcohol (IPA),

                                    —

                                    1,0 litre methyl ethyl ketone (MEK),

                                    —

                                    1,0 gram denatonium benzoate.

                        5.

                        A dye may be added to the denatured alcohol to give it a characteristic colour, making it immediately identifiable.’


title: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 225/2014 of 28 February 2014 entering a name in the register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications [Höri Bülle (PGI)]

text:
               11.3.2014

               EN

               Official Journal of the European Union

               L 70/10

      COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 225/2014
   of 28 February 2014
   entering a name in the register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications [Höri Bülle (PGI)]
   THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
   Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
   Having regard to Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs (1), and in particular Article 52(2) thereof,
   Whereas:

               (1)

               Pursuant to Article 50(2)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012, Germany’s application to register the name ‘Höri Bülle’ was published in the Official Journal of the European Union
                   (2).

               (2)

               As no statement of opposition under Article 51 of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 has been received by the Commission, the name ‘Höri Bülle’ should therefore be entered in the register,

         HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
   Article 1
   The name contained in the Annex to this Regulation is hereby entered in the register.
   Article 2
   This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

      This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
      Done at Brussels, 28 February 2014.

            For the Commission, On behalf of the President,
         Dacian CIOLOȘ

            Member of the Commission

      (1)  OJ L 343, 14.12.2012, p. 1.

      (2)  OJ C 293, 9.10.2013, p. 16.

      ANNEX
      Agricultural products intended for human consumption listed in Annex I to the Treaty:

         Class 1.6.   Fruit, vegetables and cereals, fresh or processed

      GERMANY
      Höri Bülle (PGI)