title: RECOMMENDATION FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ON THE OPENING OF NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE COMMUNITY AND THIRD COUNTRIES ON THE RULES APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGERS BY INLAND WATERWAYS BETWEEN THE PARTIES CONCERNED

text:
     •£££&
                 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
       gfe£                                                    C0MC9D229   final
                                                               Brussels, 28 June 1991
   C*CTJ^TfT"V j
                                 Recommendation for a Council decision
                                on the opening of negotiations between
                                  the Community and third countries on
                      the rules applicable to carriage of freight and passengers
                          by inland waterways between the parties concerned
Hfc:
                                       (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                   Recommendation for a Council decision
                 on the opening of negotiations between
                   the Community and third countries on
       the rules applicable to carriage of freight and passengers
           by inland waterways between the parties concerned
    Introduction
1.  Until the present time the role played by vessels from third
    countries - with the exception of Switzerland - on the Community
    inland waterway market has been marginal. This situation reflected
    the general political situation and was also due to the limited
    number of connections between the Community waterway network and
    the waterways of third countries.
2.  important changes are currently taking place at both the political
    and transport infrastructure levels. The recent political changes
    in Central and Eastern Europe are leading to a shift from centrally
    planned to market economies more open to Community contacts. This
    development coincides with the forthcoming completion of the Rhine-
    Danube link. Also, in relation to German unification, rivers like
    the Elbe and the Oder will in future be better integrated in the
    international Community waterway network. Hence an intensification
    of waterway traffic with third countries in Central Europe has to
    be anticipated and the commercial rules applying to this traffic
    have to be fixed.
3.  As regards the expected traffic volumes on the Rhine-Danube Canal,
    prognoses generally indicate cargo volumes of around 10 Mio tonnes
    for the year 200u(*). The main commodities are expected to be:
    coal, ore, metal products and halffabricats, chemicals and
    agricultural products.
    The Danube fleet consists of roughly 5,500 units with a total
    loading capacity of 4.9 Mio tonnes, compared to a Communitiy fleet
    of 15,000 units with 12,8 Mio tonnes.
    It should be noted that the restricted width of the locks (12 m) in
    the Rhine-Danube Canal does not allow certain units - in particular
    the big push boats - to pass from the Rhine to the Danube bassin
    vice versa.
(*) Total inland waterway transport within the Community amounts to
    roughly 425 Mio tonnes per annum.
 ---pagebreak---    Assessment
   Existing rules governing waterway transport between Member Statci
   and third countries are fragmented and diverse. Some w^mber States
   have concluded bilateral agreements with third countries or arc
   considering doing so. Other Member States concerned have not yet
   taken any action in this field.
   These bilateral agreements generally contain provisions concerning,
   tariffs in bilateral traffic, traffic sharing exclusively betwee
   the carriers of the two countries concerned and free trans?A< m
   some cases they also provide for limited cabotage rights on the
   basis of special authorizations, and for participation in traffic
   between the contracting state and third countries.
   In order to implement the principle of the freedom to provide
   services, as laid down in Articles 59, 61 and 75 paragraph 1 of the
   Treaty and taking account of the relevant Jurisprudence of the
   Court of Justice* 1 ), all restrictions imposed on Community
   carriers based on their nationality or place of establishment have
   to be abolished. This legal obligation is not restricted to
   internal Community traffic, but equally applies to transport
   between Member States and third countries, since the system of
   internal Community measures implementing the provisions of the
   Treaty may not be separated from that of external relations*2*.
   In addition, agreements on waterway transport cover matters failing
   within the Community's competence pursuant to Article 113 EEC.
   In this context the current bilateral agreements have to be brought
   into conformity with Community law.
   The situation is equally fragmented as regards the existing
   provisions on access to the market in transport between ports
   situated within the territory of the Community (EC cabotage).
   Certain parts of the internal Community market are still reserved
   for national carriers; although the Court of Just iced) has stated
   that the Council has soon to come to an agreement on the Commission
   cabotage proposa I* 3 ). Other parts of the market are open to ai! EC
    and Swiss carriers; whilst for certain other sectors (e.g. North-
    South traffic) no such rules on access exist.
    In addition it should be mentioned that some of the bilateral
    agreements referred to in paragraph 4 provide for the possibility
    for the national authorities of the contracting Member State to
    grant on an ad hoc basis special authorizations to third country
    carriers allowing them to carry out national or international
    transport operations between two ports situated within the
     territory of the Community.
(1) Case 13/83 of 22.05.1985, Recueil 1985, p. 1556
(2) Case 22/70 (AETR) of 31.03.1971.
(3) Proposal COM (85) 610 final of 27.11.1985
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 3 -
6.  A logical consequence of the creation of the internal market for
    the outside world is that the Community will be considered as one
    entity and therefore as a cabotage area. The creation of a cabotage
    area implies that the traffic within and between Member States is
    considered to be equivalent to cabotage and is in principle
    reserved for Community carriers, whereby the existing rights of
    third country carriers laid down in international Conventions shall
    be fully respected. This is currently the case for Switzerland.
7.  Council Regulation (EEC) No. 1101/89 of 27 April 1989 on structural
    improvement measures in inland waterways, established a Community
    programme to abolish structural overcapacity. All Community
    carriers operating on the waterways which are linked to those of
    other Member States are currently subject to the conditions imposed
    by this Regulation, which have an impact both on operating and
    investment costs. The Swiss government has introduced identical
    measures for its fleet.
    Carriers established outside the Community and Switzerland are not
    subject to these rules.
    The organizations representing inland waterway carriers at
    Community level have on various occasions expressed their growing
    concern about the danger of unfair competition from third country
    carriers not being subject to the same economic rules as Community
    carriers. These carriers possibly take the empty places of vessels
    which have been scrapped under the EC scheme at the expense of the
    profession. The preservation of the positive effects of the
    scrapping measures introduced by the Council Regulation mentioned
    above therefore calls for the establishment of common rules on
    access to the market for carriers from third countries.
    Proposal
8.   It is against this background that the Community has to consider
    the development of a Community external relations policy in inland
    waterway transport.
    The third countries concerned are Poland and the contracting states
    to the Danube Convention^1*. Amongst the latter countries Austria
     is in a special position because of its EFTA Membership; see
    further point 10.
    The basic approach envisaged by the Commission towards third
    countries in Central and Eastern Europe as regards inland transport
     is to strive for the establishment of common rules allowing for the
    fullest possible realization of free movement of goods and services
    as well as aiming for the harmonization of transport conditions.
    The realization of this objective is related to progress made in
    the third countries concerned with the conversion of their national
    economies to market principles. With a view to the existing
    uncertainties regarding the timing of this process, it is proposed
    that the negotiations should be conducted in two phases.
(1) These are: Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Bulgaria, USSR,
                Yugoslavia and Austria.
 ---pagebreak--- 9.  The first phase should concentrate on the cone I us?or* of agreements
     laying down the conditions governing bilateral waterway traffic
    between the Community and the third countries concerned. :c
    cabotage, that is the carriage of cargo between two Commun ity o&rts
    ijy third country carriers, should not be allowed in this phase,
    However, the possibility of consecutive cabotage on a reciprocs:
    basis (the carrying out of a single transport operation between two
    Community ports or between two third country ports on the return
    Journey following a bilateral transport operation) could eventually
    be included In the first phase negotiations, depending on progre
    made with the harmonization of transport conditions.
     If circumstances so permit the second phase, which could start
    after an acceptable degree of harmonization in the working methods
    of the transport companies from the two sides has been achieved,
    should aim at the gradual further liberalization of market access
    in the Danube bassin and on the EC market, whilst laying down the
    economic and administrative conditions governing such operations.
    The present communication is restricted to the first phase. The
    opening of the second phase shall be subject to a separate
    communication to the Council.
10. In the framework of the current EFTA-EC negotiations on the
    creation of a European Economic Area the issue of mutual free
    access to waterways and freedom of establishment in the area of
     inland waterways forms part of the negotiations. Austria and
    Switzerland are the only EFTA States having direct waterway links
    with the Community. It is understood that in the context of a
    general agreement, the current view is that the relevant acquis
    communautaire in inland waterways will be applicable to EEA
    contracting parties as soon as they get the right of free access to
    Community waterways. This concerns Austria in particular, since
    Switzerland being a contracting state to the Convent''on of Mannheim
    has already free access to a certain extent.
    Whilst awaiting the outcome of the EFTA-EC talks, the negotiations
    proposed by the present communication can be oriented initially
    towards non-EFTA countries. If the negotiations on the European
    Economic Area are successfully concluded along the lines indicated
    above, there will be no need for bilateral negotiations with EFTA
    countries since the EEA agreement is expected to fully provide for
    Community requirements. However, if the outcome of the EEA exercise
    were to turn out not to cover sufficiently the issue of bilateral
    waterway transport, the negotiating directives requested by the
    present communication could equally be used to open up negotiations
    with EFTA countries concerned.
    First phase
11. The negotiations to establish uniform rules governing bilateral
    traffic between the Community and third countries should be
    conducted by the Commission with the assistance of the Member States
     It is envisaged that experts of these Member States would be
    requested to advise the Community negotiating delegation.
 ---pagebreak---                                      5 -
    The organizations representing inland waterway carriers at
    Community level should be consulted by the negotiating team at
    regular intervals and their views taken into account in the course
    of negotiations.
12. Agreements with non Member States should contain provisions on
    transport prices, market access and traffic sharing, whereby the
    contracting parties should agree to eliminate any form of direct
    state aids for operating costs, and to create equal conditions for
    access to the market of carriers from the two parties in the
    traffic concerned.
    Furthermore, these agreements should cover those economic,
    administrative and technical rules that have an impact on transport
    operations; the aim should be to remove existing problems and be
    based on the principle of equal treatment between Community
    carriers and carriers from the other contracting party in bilateral
    traffic.
13. In conclusion, Community agreements with third countries on
    bilateral waterway traffic would provide the following advantages:
    - a -    clear, fair and efficient principles will be established
             for the industry in developing links to non-Member States;
    - b -    equal market opportunities will be guaranteed for all EC
             carr iers;
    - c -    distortion of competition will be avoided by applying the
             principle of equal treatment between carriers of both
             sides;
    - d -     it will be ensured that the results achieved by Council
             Regulation (EEC) No. 1101/89 are not endangered or
             negatively affected as a result of the intensification of
             East-West trade;
    - e -    a maximum of transparency and simplicity in the
             administrative rules governing bilateral transport can thus
             be obtained;
    - f -    the Community could demonstrate its commitment to be
            outward looking in its inland waterway policy and open to
             exchanges with third countries. Agreements on bilateral
             traffic can serve as an introductory step towards further
             liberalization and cooperation.
14. At this stage, it is unnecessary to specify a precise legal basis
    for the determination to begin negotiations in accordance with
    certain negotiating directives. Indeed it is at present not
    possible to be completely certain about the precise legal basis
    which will be needed for a decision by the Community to conclude a
    future agreement pursuant to Article 228 EEC, since it will depend
    on the precise content of the agreement which will emerge.
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 6
15. Consequently, the Commission recommends to the Cou» i! to decide
    that :
        the Community shall engage in negotiations with the third
        countries mentioned above in points 8 and 10 on the rules
        applicable to carriage of freight and passengers by inland
        waterways between the parties concerned;
        the Commission conducts these negotiations with the assistance
        the Member States and according to the directives contained !
        the annex hereto.
 ---pagebreak---                                                           Annex
                          Negotiating Directives
 1.  General objective
     The general objective of the negotiations is to conclude one or
     more agreements between the Community and certain third countries
     on rules for the carriage of freight and passengers by inland
     waterway between the Community and these States. Without
     necessarily taking place simultaneously, these negotiations will be
     conducted with each of the third countries concerned with a view to
     concluding either a number of bilateral or multilateral agreements
     or a single multilateral agreement.A further objective is to ensure
     equal treatment for all parties.
 2.  Scope
     These negotiations shall cover the commercial, technical and
     administrative aspects of the relationship between the Community
     and third countries in the field of inland waterway transport. In
     the light of the present political and economic situation, the
     negotiations should concentrate on laying down the rules governing
     bilateral traffic between the Community and third countries.
     Furthermore, the possibility of consecutive cabotage (the carrying
     out of a single transport operation between two Community ports or
     between two third country ports on the return Journey following a
     bilateral transport operation) could be included in the
     negot iat ions.
3.   Particular objectives
     The agreements shall lay down the rules for the organisation of the
    market following commercial economic principles. The agreements
     shall in particular contain provisions on market access, transport
     conditions and prices. The establishment of fair and equal
    conditions of competition resulting in prices that cover costs and
    offer the possibility of a fair participation for carriers from the
     two sides should be envisaged.
     In the framework of these agreements, the administrative, technical
    and economical rules governing these transport operations should be
    harmonized and simplified as far as possible to facilitate a
    prosperous development of waterway traffic between the contracting
    Parties.
4.  Entry into force
    The negotiations will be conducted with all third countries
    referred to in the Commission's communication. However, a separate
    conclusion with a group of countries is not excluded if the result
    of the negotiations should require this in the Community interest.
 ---pagebreak---                                    2 -
5- Control measures
   Appropriate control measures shall be adopted to ensure that ths
   provisions of the agreement are respected.
6. Period of validity of agreement
   The agreements shall be concluded for a period of five years with a
   provision for extension.
7. Termination of agreement
   Third countries on the one hand or the Community on the other hand
   shall be able to withdraw from the agreement after consulting the
   other parties in advance and on giving due notice.
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                                                                      ISSN 0254-1475
                                                              COM(91) 229 final
                                                      DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                              07
                                 Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-293-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-73909-6
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
L-2985 Luxembourg


title: RECOMMENDATION FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ON THE CONCLUSION OF A PROTOCOL ON FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE LEBANESE REPUBLIC

text:
No C 323/6                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                   3.12.87
                                                                II
                                                       (Preparatory Acts)
                                                COMMISSION
           Recommendation for a Council Decision on the conclusion of a Protocol on financial and
             technical cooperation between the European Economic Community and the Lebanese Republic
                                                     COM(87) 529 final
                           (Submitted by the Commission to the Council on 5 November 1987)
                                                        (87/C 323/07)
           THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
           Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in
           particular Article 238 thereof,
           Having regard to the recommendation from the Commission,
           Having regard to the assent of the European Parliament,
           Whereas the Protocol on financial and technical cooperation between the European Economic
           Community and the Republic of Lebanon should be approved,
           HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:
                                                            Article 1
           The Protocol on financial and technical cooperation between the European Economic
           Community and the Republic of Lebanon is hereby approved on behalf of the Community. The
           text of the Protocol is attached to this Decision.
                                                            Article 2
           The President of the Council shall give the notification provided for in Article 21 of the
           Protocol (').
           (') The date of entry into force of the Protocol will be published in the Official Journal of the European
                Communities by the General Secretariat of the Council.


title: RECOMMENDATION FOR A COUNCIL DECISION on the conclusion of voluntary restraint Agreements with Austria, Iceland, Poland and Rumania in the sheepmeat and goatmeat sector (presented by the Commission to the Council)

text:
ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DE LA COMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (80) 884
Vol. 1980/0277
 ---pagebreak--- Disclaimer
Conformément au règlement (CEE, Euratom) n° 354/83 du Conseil du 1er février 1983
concernant l'ouverture au public des archives historiques de la Communauté économique
européenne et de la Communauté européenne de l'énergie atomique (JO L 43 du 15.2.1983,
p. 1), tel que modifié par le règlement (CE, Euratom) n° 1700/2003 du 22 septembre 2003
(JO L 243 du 27.9.2003, p. 1), ce dossier est ouvert au public. Le cas échéant, les documents
classifiés présents dans ce dossier ont été déclassifiés conformément à l'article 5 dudit
règlement.
In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983
concerning the opening to the public of the historical archives of the European Economic
Community and the European Atomic Energy Community (OJ L 43, 15.2.1983, p. 1), as
amended by Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1700/2003 of 22 September 2003 (OJ L 243,
27.9.2003, p. 1), this file is open to the public. Where necessary, classified documents in this
file have been declassified in conformity with Article 5 of the aforementioned regulation.
In Übereinstimmung mit der Verordnung (EWG, Euratom) Nr. 354/83 des Rates vom 1.
Februar 1983 über die Freigabe der historischen Archive der Europäischen
Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft und der Europäischen Atomgemeinschaft (ABI. L 43 vom 15.2.1983,
S. 1), geändert durch die Verordnung (EG, Euratom) Nr. 1700/2003 vom 22. September 2003
(ABI. L 243 vom 27.9.2003, S. 1), ist diese Datei der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Soweit
erforderlich, wurden die Verschlusssachen in dieser Datei in Übereinstimmung mit Artikel 5
der genannten Verordnung freigegeben.
 ---pagebreak---           COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                  COM ( 80 ) 884 final
                                                  Brussels , 16th December 1980
                           RECOMMENDATION FOR A COUNCIL DECISION
                     on the conclusion of voluntary restraint Agreements
                          with Austria , Iceland , Poland und Rumania
                           in the sheepmeat and goatmeat sector
                       (presented by the Commission to the Council )
COM ( 80 ) 884 final
 ---pagebreak---                                 EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1 . Following the negotiating brief given to the Commission by the Council on
    20 December 1979 , voluntary restraint agreements for sheepmeat and goatmeat
    with Argentina , Australia , New Zealand and Uruguay , and Regulation ( EEC )
    No 1837 / 80 on the common organisation of the markets in that sector were
    implemented with effect from 20 October 1980 .            N
2 . It was not possible to complete negotiation of comparable agreements at
    that date with non-member supplier countries which were either waiting for
    details as to the licence arrangements or were hot able to accept a clause
    concerning the territories where the Treaty establishing the European ~
    Economic Community applied , or had not, yet replied to the Commission 's
    invitation to open negotiations .
3 . As it has been possible meanwhile to resolve these difficulties with
    Austria , Iceland , Poland and Romania , it is proposed that approval be given
    to the proposal for a Council Decision on the conclusion of voluntary
    restraint agreements in respect of exports of sheepmeat and goatmeat from
    these four non-member countries .           "
4 . The agreements cover the following annual quantities for the Community of
    Ten , expressed as carcase weight ( bone-in equivalent weight ):
                          Live animals    Fresh or chilled meat      Frozen meat
    Austria                   300                    0                    0
    Iceland                     0                   (1)                600 ( 1 )
    Poland                  5 800                  200                    0
    Romania                   475                   75                    0
(1)   including a maximum of 10% of fresh or chilled meat
 ---pagebreak---                                 RECOMMENDATION FOR A
                              COUNCIL DECISION
        on the conclusion of voluntary restraint Agreements with Austria , Iceland ,
       Poland and        Rumania in the sheepmeat and goatmeat sector
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community ,
and in particular Article 113 thereof ,
Having regard to the recommendation from the Commission ,
Whereas the Commission has opened negotiations with non-member countries
which supply sheepmeat and goatmeat or live sheep and goats , with a view to
reaching Agreements for voluntary restraint on their exports to the
Communi ty ;
Whereas the Commission has reached agreement with Austria , Iceland ,
Poland and Rumania ;
                            «
Whereas the said agreements allow trade to be earned on in a manner
compatible with the common organisation of the markets in the sector in
question .
HAS  DECIDED AS       FOLLOWS :
                                        Article 1
1.    The Agreements drawn up in the form of exchangc-s of letters on trade
      in the sheepmeat and goatmeat sector with the countries listed
      hereafter are hereby approved on behalf of the European Economic
      Community ;
             Austria
             Iceland
             Pbland
             Rurr.a ni a
      The texts of the Agreements are annexed to this Decision .
                                        Art t c le 2
The President of the Council is hereby authorized to designate the person
empowered to sign the Agreements referred to in Article         , -'n     to bind
the Community .
Done  at                                                  for tne Council
                                                           The President
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                κ
                                   ARRANGEMENT
in the -form of an exchange of letters between the European Economic
Community and Austria on trade in mutton and lamb .
Sir ,                                _    .  .                       .
I have the honour to refer to the negotiations recently undertaken between
our respective delegations for the purpose of drawing up provisions
concerning import into the European Economic Community of mutton , lamb and
goatmeat and live sheep and goats other than pure-bred breeding animals
from Austria in connection with the implementation by the Community of the
common organisation of the market in sheepmeat and goatmeat .
During these negotiations both parties agreed as follows :
1.       This arrangement shall relate to :                                     .
              live sheep and goats other than pure-bred breeding animals(subheading
              01.04B of the common customs Tariff ),
              fresh or chilled mutton, lamb and goatmeat ( subheading 02.01 A IV
              a )) of the Common Customs Tariff ),
              frozen mutton, lamb and goatmeat ( subheading 02.01 A IVb)), of the
              Common Customs Tariff ).
2.       Within the terms of this arrangement , the possibilities of export of .
         mutton and lamb and goatmeat from Austria to the Community are fixed
         at the following annual quantity :
                                                                           (1 )
                  iOO tonnes of live animals expressed in carcass weight
         In order to ensure the proper functioning of the arrangement , Austria
         undertakes to implement the appropriate procedures to ensure that the
         annual quantity actually exported does not exceed the quantity agreed .
(1 )     100 kg live weight shall compound to 47 kg carcase weight ( bone-in
         equivalent weight )^?                               "
(2 )     Carcass weight ( bone-in equivalent weight ). By this term is understood
         the weight of bone-in meat presented as such as well as boned meat
      .. converted by a coefficient into bone-in weight . For this purpose 55kg
         of boned mutton corresponds to 100 kg of bone-in mutton and 60 kg of
         boned lamb corresponds to 100 kg of bone-in lamb .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                               Γ
                                - 2 -
3. Should the Community have recourse to the safeguard clause , it
   undertakes that Austria 's access to the Community as provided for in
   this arrangement will not be affected .
4. If imports from Austria in any one year exceed the quantities agreed ,
   the Community reserves the right to suspend imports from Austria for
   the remainder of that year .   The quantity overshipped shall be offset
   against Austria 's export entitlement for the following year .
5. The Community undertakes to limit the levy applicable to imports of
   products covered by the present arrangement to a maximum amount of 10% ,
   ad valorem .
6. At the time of new Member States , the Community , in consultation with
   Austria , will alter the quantities set out in clause 2 , in accordance
   with Austria 's trade with each new Member State .  The charges
   applicable to imports for the said new Member State shall be fixed in
   accordance with*the rules in the Treaty of Accession ;   the maximum
   level of the levy specified in clause 5 of this arrangement being
   taken into account .
7. Austria shall ensure that this arrangement is observed , in particular ,
   by issuing export certificates covering the products referred to in
   clause 1 within the limits of the quantities covered by this arrangement .
   For its part , the Community shall undertake to adopt all necessary
   provisions to make the issue of the import certificates for the
   products referred to above , originating in Austria , subject to the
   presentation of an export certificate , issued by the competent
   authority designated by the Austrian Government .
   Detailed ruLes for applying this system shall be laid down in such a
   way as to render unnecessary the lodging of a security for the issue
   of the import certificate in respect of the products in question .
   Also , such detailed rules of application shall provide that the
   competent Austrian authority shall communicate periouicaU / to the
   competent authority of the Community the quantities in respect of
   which export certificates are issued , broken down , where appropriate ,
   according to destination .
 ---pagebreak--- 8.   A Consultative Committee shall be set up composed of representatives
     from the Community and from Austria .    The Committee shall ensure that
     the arrangement is being properly applied and is functioning smoothly .
     It will ensure that the proper application of the arrangement is not
     affected by the export of mutton and lamb and goatmeat-based products
     to the Community under customs headings not referred to by the
     arrangement .
     The Committee will discuss all questions which could arise in applying
     the arrangment and will recommend appropriate solutions to the
     competent authorities .
9.   The provisions of this arrangement shall be agreed without prejudice
     to the parties' rights and obligations under GATT .
10 . The annual quantity fixed in clause 2 refers to the period running
     from 1 January to 31 December .   The quantity applicable as of the
     implementation of the present arrangement and until 1 January of the
     following year will be fixed on a pro rata basis in relation to the
     total annual quantity and will take into account the seasonality of
     the trade .
11 . This arrangement shall apply, on the one hand , to the territories in
     which the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community is
     applied and, under the conditions laid - down in that Treaty and , on the
     other hand , to the territory of Austria .
12 . The arrangement shall enter into force on 1.1.1981 .    It shall remain
     in force until 31 March 1984 , and shall continue in force thereafter
     subject to each party having the right to denounce it by giving one
     year 's notice in writing .  In any case the provisions of this    »
     arrangement will be examined by the two parties before 1 April 1984
     with a view to making any adjustment which'they agree is necessary .
I should be obliged if you would kindly confirm the agreement of .your
Government to the foregoing .
Please accept , Sir , the assurance of my highest consideration .
 ---pagebreak---                                     DRAFT
                            EXCHANGE OF LETTERS
          comprising an understanding relevant to clause 2 of the
          exchange of Letters comprising an Agreement between the
      European Economic Community and Austria on trade in mutton-
                            lamb and goatmeat .
I have the honour to refer to the Agreement in the form of an exchange of
letters between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Austria
on trade in mutton , lamb and goatmeat .
Further to that exchange of letters and to your request , I would advise you
that the Authorities of Austria will ensure that for the period 1 January
1981 to 31 March 1984 , there will be no change in the traditional trade
                      %
flows of mutton , lamb and goatmeat to the market areas in the European
Economic Community determined as sensitive .
The authorities of Austria will adopt the necessary measures for this
purpose .
 ---pagebreak---                                           DRAFT
                  EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC
       COMMUNITY AND THE REPUBLIC OF ICELAND ON TRADE IN SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT
I have the honour to refer to negotiations recently undertaken between our
 respective delegations for the purpose of drawing up the provisions concerning
import into the Community of mutton , lamb and goatmeat , and live sheep and
goats other than purebred breeding animals from Iceland , in, connection with
implementation by the Community of the common organization of the market in
sheepmeat and goatmeat .
During these negotiations , bothe parties agreed as follcws :
     r                                                       -    I   • .
1 . This arrangement shall relate to :
    - fresh or chilled mutton , lamb and goatmeat ( 02.01 A IV a )
    - frozen mutton , lamb and goatmeat ( 02.01 A IV b )
2 . Within the terms of this arrangement , the Republic of Iceland undertakes to
    ensure that exports to the Community of the products referred to in
    clause 1 shall not exceed the 'following annual quantity :                  ■ -
 Τ
    600 tonnes , expressed in carcass weight ( 1 ) of which a maximum of 10 % may
    consist of fresh or chilled meat .
           '    -              v                                    .
                                                                            \  -
    ( 1 ) Carcass weight ( bone-in equivalent weigit ).  By this term is understood
    the weight of bone-in meat presented as such as well as boned meat
    converted by a coefficient into bone- in weight . For this purpose 55 kg of
    boned mutton corresponds to 100 kg of bone-in mutton and 60 kg of boned
    lamb corresponds to 100 kg of bone-in lamb .
 ---pagebreak---                                          - 2 -
      For this purpose , the appropriate procedures shall be implemented by the
      competent authorities of the Republic of Iceland .
 3 . Provided that Iceland 's exports do not exceed the quantity agreeed , the
      Community shall not apply any quantitative restriction nor measure of
     equivalent effect .
     Should the Community have recourse to the safeguard clause , it undertakes
     that the provisions of this arrangement will not be affected .
ij . If imports in any one year exceed the quantity agreed , the Community
      reserves the right to suspend imports from Iceland for the remainder of
     that year .  The quantity overshipped shall be offset against Iceland 's
     export entitlement for the following year .
5 . The Community undertakes to limit the levy applicable to imports of
     products covered by the present arrangement to a maximum amount of 10$ ad
     valorem .
6 . At the time of accession of new Member states , the Community , in
     consultation with Iceland , will alter the quantity set out in paragrah 2 ,
     in accordance with Iceland 's trade with each new Member state .
     The charges applicable to imports for the said new Member States shall be
     fixed in accordance with the rules in the Treaty of Accession ; the maximum
     level of the levy specified in point 5 of this arrangement being taken into
     account .
 ---pagebreak---                                          - 3 -
 7 . Iceland shall ensure that this arrangement is observed , in particular , by
      issuing export licences covering the products referred to in paragraph 1
     within the limits of the quantity covered by this arrangement .
     For its part , the Community shall undertake to adopt all necessary
     provisions to make the issue of the import licence for the products
     referred to above , originating in Iceland , subject to the presentation of
     an export licence , issued by the competent authority designated by the
     Iceland Government .
     Detailed rules for applying this system shall be laid down in such a way as
     to render unnecessary the lodging of a security for the issue of the import
     lioence in respect of the products in question .
     Also , such detailed rules of application shall provide that the competent.
     Iceland authority shall communicate periodically to the competent authority
     of the Community the quantities in respect of which export licences are
     issued , broken down , where appropriate , according to destination .
8 . Both parties agree that steps should be taken by Iceland to ensure that the
     smooth operation of the arrangement is not affected by deliveries of mutton
     and lamb and goatm eat- based products falling under customs headings not
     referred to by the arrangement .
9 . In order to ensure the smooth functioning of the arrangement , both parties
     agree to remain in close contact and to be ready to undertake consult
     ations on any matter relating to its application .    The said consultations
     shall be commenced within a maximum period of 14 days following request by
     one of the parties .
10 . The annual quantity fixed in paragraph 2 refers to the period running
       from 1 January to 31 December .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                I V
                               /
                                       - il -
     The quantity applicable in the period between the entry into force of this
     arrangement and 1 January of the following year shall be fixed on a pro
     rata basis in relation to the total annual quantity .
11 . This arrangement shall apply , on the one hand , to the territories in which
     the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community is applied and
     under the conditions laid down in that Treaty and , on the other hand , to
     the territory of the Republic of Iceland .
12 . The arrangement shall enter into force on 1 January 1981 .   It shall remain
     in force until 31 March 1984 , and shall continue in force thereafter
     subject to each party having the ri^it to denounce it by giving one year 's
     notice in writing . Xp any case the provisions of this arrangement shall
     be examined by the two parties before 1 April 1984 with a view to making
     any adjustment which they agree is necessary .
 ---pagebreak---                                          DRAFT
                                                       *
                                EXCHANGE OF LETTERS
              comprising an understanding relevant to clause 2 of the
              exchange of letters comprising an Agreement between the
            European Economic Community and Iceland on trade in mutton .
                                 lamb and goatneat
I have the honour to refer to the Agreement in the form of an exchange of
letters ^between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Iceland on
trade in mutton , lamb and goatmeat .  .
Further to that exchange of letters and to your request , I would advise you
that the Authorities of Iceland will ensure that for the period 1 January 1981
to 31 March 1984 , there will be no change in the traditional trade flows of
mutton , lamb and goatmeat to the market areas in the European Economic
Commmity determined as sensitive .
The authorities of Iceland will adopt the necessary measures for this purpose ,
it being understood that the quantities fixed in the Agreement shall not
thereby be affected .
 ---pagebreak---                                        DRAFT
                            EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN
      THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE PEOPLE 'S REPUBLIC OF POLAND
                        ON TRADE IN SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT
      I have the honour tc refer to the negotiations recently undertaken
between our respective delegations for the purpose of drawing up provisions
concerning import into the European Economic Community of mutton , lamb and
goatmeat , and live sheep and goats other than pure-bred breeding animals from
the People '3 Republic of Poland , in connection with implementation by the
Community of the common organisation of the market in sheepmeat and goatmeat .
      During these negotiations which took place between the two parties who
are participants in C?ATT , our delegations agreed as follows :
1.    This Arrangement covers :
      - live sheep and goats other than pure-bred breeding animals ( 01.04 B );
      - fresh or chilled mutton , lamb and goatmeat ( 0P.01 A IV a );
      - frozen mutton , lamb , and goatmeat ( 02.01' A IV h ),
      The two parties agree that steps should be taken to ensure that the
smooth operation of the Agreement should not be upset by delivery of sheepmeat
and goatmeat products falling under tariff headings not covered by the
Arrangement .
 ---pagebreak---      2.        Within this Arrangement , the scope for imports of she jpmeat and goatraeat
     and for live sheep and goats from Poland into the Community shall be fixed at
     the following annual quantities :                                 i                                                    >
                                                                      -              .                    . Π)        . '
     5,800 tons of- live animals , /expressed as carcass weight bone-in                                        , 200 tons
                        '                  .                     .               „      . . . .         . f?r;–
     of fresh or chilled meat , expressed as carcass weight bone-in
               In order to ensure the smooth operation of the Arrangement , the
     competent Polish authorities undertake to implement; the appropriate procedures
     to ensure that , the quantities actually exported do not exceed the
    above-mentioned figures .                                                                                f     ,
     3.       In the case of imports of the products covered by this Arrangement and
    up to the quantity limits therein laid down , the Community will not apply new
    quantitative restrictions or measures of equivalent effect nor levy customs
    duties or taxes of equivalent effect to levies or customs duties exceeding
    those agreed at Point 5 .                                  '             .                                            -
    Were the! Community to invoke the protective clause , it is hereby agreed that
    the provisions of this Arrangement would not be affected .
                                                                      \                          -
    4.        If imports from Poland exceed the agreed quantities , the Community ,
    reserves the right to suspend further imports from that country until the end
    of the current year .               However , in any event , quantities beyond those agreed -
    for the current year shall be deducted f^om the quantities agreed for the
 >  following year .
    5.        The Community undertakes , on import of products covered by this                                      -
    Arrangement , to limit the amounts levied to the following ad valorem levels :
    10 ? for live animals
    10$ for meat                                                   '                                                              ■
                                    1   S                                                                    «
    ( 1 ) . 100kg live weight shall correspond to '17kg carcas© weight (
(£) Carcass weight (bone-in equivalent weight). By this term is understood the weight of bone-in meat '
    presented as such as well as boned meat converted by a coefficient into bone-in weight. For this
    purpose 55 kg of boned mutton corresponds to 100 kg of bone-in mutton and 60 kg of boned lamb                               j
    corresponds to 100 kg of bone-in lamb.                                                                                !
 ---pagebreak---  5.     On accession of new Member States to the Community , the quantities
 referred to at Point 2 shall he , as appropriate , adapted by the Community , in
 consultation between the two parties , to reflect the t~ade between the
 People 's Republic of Poland and each such new Member State .  The quantities
shall not be reduced .
       The charges to be levied on imports in respect of the said new Member
States shall be fixed in accordance with the rules in the Treaty of Accession ;
 the limit on the levy set out in Point 5 of this Arrangement shall be taken
into account .
7.     The competent Polish authorities shall ensure compliance with this
Arrangement , in particular through issue by the competent agency which they
shall designate for the purpose , of export licences applicable to the products
referred to at Point 1 , up to the maximum arreed quantity .
                       «
         The Community agrees to take all the necessary measures to make
automatic issue of an impct licence , no later than release from customs bond ,
for the above-mentioned products originating in Poland subject to production
of an export licence issued by the competent Polish authority .
       Detailed rules for the implementation of this system shall be drawn up
so that the lodging of a security for the issue of import licences in respect
of the products in question shall be unnecessary .    These detailed rules shall
also provide that the competent Polish authoriti.es and the competent Community
authorities shall undertake periodical exchanger? of information in respect of
the quantities in respect of which export and import licences have been
issued , broken down according to destination as appropriate .              ^
 ---pagebreak---             It is hereby agreed that export licences will be valid for three months
  with effect from their date of issue .                  The corresponding import licences shall
  be valid until the date of expiry of the export licences .
            Quantities delivered under an export licence shall be deducted fron the
 quantity agreed in respect of the year during which the export licence was
  issued .          ,                                                                      ,
 8.         In order to ensure the smooth operation of this Arrangement , the two
 parties shall take the appropriate measures and agree to remain in . close
 contact and to be ready to undertake consultation in respect of any question
 which might arise while this Arrangement applies .                      Consultation must commence
 within a maximum of 11 days after a request by one of the parties .                              ,
 9.        The annual quantity fixed at Point 2 shall cover the period 1 January to
 31 December . ■                                         •
           The quantity applicable as from the date of implementation of this
 Arrangement up to 1 January of the following year shall be fixed by
 consultation between the; two parties in proportion to the total annual .
 quantity , adjusted to reflect the seasonal trend in Polish deliveries of the
 products in question during the year .                                                        ,
 (0.
     This Agreement shall apply, on the one hand, to the territories in which the Treaty              f
     establishing the European Economic Community is applied and under the conditions laid                    \
     down in that Treaty and, on the other hand, to the          op     e.            £ Rip-tc-lrftc.   fcfan
                                                                                * '
/•f .      This Arrangements shall enter into force on                            . It shall apply until
 31 March 198'J . It shall thereafter be automatically extended for periods of 1
 year , subject to the right of either party to terminate it by notice in
 writing giverr six months before the date of expiry of any one of the said
 periods . In the case of termination , the Arrangement shall expire at the date
 of expiry of the period in question .                  In any case , the provisions of this
 Arrangement shall be reviewed by the two parties before 1 April f98M for the
 purpose of incorporating any adaptation which might seem necessary for its
 extension .                                                                                ^
           I would be grateful to you if you would confirm to me that the foregoing
 correctly expresses what our two delegations ag^ee in this respect .                                       ,
 Formal ending .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                \7
                                  D R A F T
            EXCHANGE OF LETTERS RELEVANT TO THE CONSULTATIONS FORESEEN AT
            POINT 8 OF THE EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC
            COMMUNITY AND THE PEOPLE 'S REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON TRADE IN
                              SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT
          Since it was not possible to reach sufficiently precise solutions to ■
  some questions raised by Poland during the negotiations for this Arrangement ,
  it was agreed during the negotiations that , during the consultations provided
  for in Point 8 of the exchange of letters , If Poland were to raise any
  concrete problems , the following points could be covered by the said
  consultations without prejudice to the terms of Point R :
   1.      cases of force majeure ;
  2.       supply of live animals within the quantity agreed for meat ;
  3.       in cases where the quantity agreed for a given v ear was entirely taken
          up , advance use , at the end of the current vear , of a limited proportion
          of the quantity agreed for the following year ;
  't .     use of the agreed quantities for the purposes of c-xport of frozen meat
          of Polish origin to the Community ;
  5.       the possibility of allowing imports of quantities over and above those
           fixed in Point 2 of the Arrangement if the Community market were to
          require additional imports .
6.         the possibility of delivering export and import certificates for quantities
           above those agreed , in no far as the quantities actually imported are
           below those for which imoort certificates have been delivered .
          For it3 part , the Community would be p^epa^ed to undertake the said
 consultations in a spirit of cooperation in respect of any requests put
 forward by Poland .
         Furthermore , I can hereby confirm to you the following declaration made
 by the Community during the above-mentioned negotiations :
         imports into the Community of products covered by th <* A - ranpenent shall
         not be subject to the quantitative limits set out in Point 2 of that
         Arrangement provided that they are re-exported from the Community either
         without further processing c after processing under the relevant ,
         Community system .
F ortna 1 ending .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                   Ί
                  ■ .0 R A F T
                                                         «
       EXCHANGE OF LETTERS RELEVANT TO CLAUSE 2
   OF THE EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN
   EXONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE PEOPLE 'S REPUBLIC OF <
   POLAND ON TRADE IN SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT
I have the honour to refer to the exchange of letters between
the European Economic Community and Poland on trade in mutton ,
 lamb and goatmeat .
Further to that exchange of letters and to your request , I would
advise you that the Polish authorities will ensure that for the
period 1 January 1981 to 31 March 1984 , there will be no change
in the traditional trade flows of mutton , lamb and goatmeat and
live sheep and goats to the market areas in the European Economic
Community determined as sensitive .
             I  1             '             '
The Polish authorities will adopt the necessary measures for this
purpose .                             ''
Formal ending .
 ---pagebreak---                                          DRAFT
                              EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN
       THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA
                          ON TRADE IN SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT
      During the negotiations recently undertaken between our respective
delegations for the purpose of drawing up provisions concerning import into
the European Economic Community of mutton , lamb and goatmeat , and live sheep
and goats other than pure-bred breeding animals from the Socialist Republic o
Romania , in connection with implementation by the Community of the common
organisation of the market in sheepmeat and goatmeat , our delegations agreed
as follows :
1.    This Arrangement covers :
                           «
      - live sheep and goats other than pure-bred breeding animals ( 01.04 B );
      - fresh or chilled mutton , lamb and goatmeat ( 02.01 A IV a );
      - frozen mutton , lamb , and goatmeat ( 02.01 A IV b ).
2.    Within the terms of this arrangement , the competent authorities of the
      Socialist Republic of Romania undertake to ensure that exports to the
      Community of the products referred to in clause 1 shall not exceed the
      following annual quantities :
      475 tonnes of live animals , expressed in carcass weight bone-in^ ^
       75 tonnes of fresh or chilled meat , expressed in carcass weight
            . (2)
      bone-m
( 1 ) 100 kg live weight shall correspond to 47 kg carcass weight ( bone-in
equivalent weight ).
( 2 ) Carcass weight ( bone-in equivalent weight ). By this term is understood
the weight of bone-in meat presented as such as well as boned meat converted
by a coefficient into bone-in weight . For this purpose 55 kg of boned mutton
corresponds to 100 kg of bone-in mutton and 60 kg of boned lamb corresponds t
100 kg of bone-in lamb .
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 2 -   -
 - , For this purpose , the appropriate procedures shall be implemented by the
     competent authorities of the Socialist Republic of Romania .
  3. Provided that Romania 's exports do not exceed the quantities mentioned in
     point 2 , the Community shall not apply any quantitative restriction nor
     measure of equivalent effect .                              "
     Should the Community have recourse to the safeguard clause , it undertakes
     that the provisions of this arrangement will hot be affected .
 4.  If imports from Romania exceed the agreed quantities , the Community
     reserves the right to suspend further imports from that country until the
     end of the current year . However , in any event , quantities beyond those
     agreed for the current year shall be deducted from the quantities agreed
     for the following year . .                              -
 5.  The Community undertakes , on import of products covered by this
     Arrangement , to limit the amounts levied to the following ad valorem
     levels :
     10% for live animals
     10% for meat                       /
     The Community will not charge apart from the above mentioned levies ,
     customs duties or other taxes of equivalent effect to levies or to customs
     duties .
                                               /
 6.  On accession of new Member States to the Community , and if justified by
     the trade between the Socialist Republic of Romania and each such new
     Member State , the Community accepts consultations between the two parties
. , in order to adapt , if appropriate , the quantities set out in point 2 . The
     quantities set out in point 2 shall not be reduced .
     The charges to be levied on imports in respect of the said new Member
     States shall be fixed in accordance with the rules in the Treaty of
     Accession ; the limit on the levy set out in Point 5 of this Arrangement
     shall be taken into account .
                                                                             \
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                Zo
                                      - 3 -
7. In taking account of the objectives and provisions of this arrangement the
   Community agrees that any actual implementation of refunds or any other
   form of assistance with respect to exports of mutton , lamb and live sheep
   and lamb intended for slaughter will apply only at prices and on
   conditions which comply with existing international obligations and in
   respect of the traditional shares of the Community of world export trade
   in these products . These words shall be interpreted in a manner
   consistent with Article XVI of GATT and in particular in conformity with
   Article 10(2)(c ) of the Agreement on interpretation and application of
   Articles VI , XVI and XXIII of the General Agreement on tariffs and trade .
8. The competent authorities of Romania shall ensure that this arrangement is
   observed , in particular , by issuing export licences covering the products
   referred to in paragraph 1 within the limits of the quantity covered by
   this arrangement .
   For its part , the Community shall undertake to adopt all necessary
   provisions to make the issue of the import licence for the products
   referred to above , originating in Romania , subject to the presentation of
   an export licence , issued by the competent Romanian authority .
   Detailed rules for applying this system shall be laid down in such a way
   as to render unnecessary the lodging of a security for the issue of the
   import licence in respect of the products in question .
   Also , such detailed rules of application shall provide that the competent
   authority of Romania shall communicate periodically to the competent
   authority of - the Community the quantities in respect of which export
   licences are issued , broken down , where appropriate , according to
   destination .
   It is hereby agreed that export licences will be valid for three months
   with effect from their date of issue . The corresponding import licences
   shall be valid until the date of expiry of the export licences .
   Quantities delivered under an export licence shall be deducted from the
   quantity agreed in respect of the year during which the export licence was
    issued .
9. Both parties agree that steps should be taken by Romania to ensure that
    the smooth operation of the arrangement is not affected by deliveries of
   mutton and lamb and goatmeat-based products falling under customs headings
    not referred to by the arrangement .
 ---pagebreak--- 10 . In order to ensure that smooth operation of this Arrangement , the two
     parties shall take the appropriate measures and agree to remain in close
     contact and to be ready to undertake consultation in respect of any
     question which might arise while this Arrangement applies . Consultation
     must commence within a maximum of 14 days after a request by one of the
     parties .                                                            ■ ^
11 . The provisions of this arrangement shall be agreed without prejudice to
     the parties' rights and obligations under GATT .            x
12 . The annual quantity fixed at Point 2 shall cover the period 1 January to
     31 December .
                                * ,                                v
     The quantity applicable as from the date of implementation of this
     Arrangement up to 1 January of the following year shall be fixed by
     consultation between the two parties in proportion to the total annual
     quantity .             "                              -
13 . This arrangement shall apply , on the one hand , to the territories in which
     the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community is applied and
     under the conditions laid down in that Treaty and , on the other hand , to
     the territory of the Socialist Republic of Romania .
14 . This Arrangement shall enter into force on 1 January 1981 . It shall apply
     until 31 March 1984 . It shall thereafter be automatically extended for
     periods of 1 year , subject to the right of either party to terminate it by
     notice in writing given six months before the date of expiry of any one of
     the said periods . In the case of termination , the Arrangement shall
     expire at the date of expiry of the period in question . In any case , the
     provisions of this Arrangement shall be reviewed by the two parties before
     1 April 1984 for the purpose of incorporating any adaptation which might
     seem necessary for its . extension .
     I would be grateful to you if you would confirm to me that the foregoing
correctly expresses what our two delegations agree in this respect .
Formal ending .
 ---pagebreak---                                    DRAFT
            . EXCHANGE OF LETTERS RELEVANT TO CLAUSE 10 OF THE
       EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY
AND THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA ON TRADE IN SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT
With reference to the exchance of letters between the European Economic
Community and the Socialist Republic of Romania on trade in sheepmeat and
goatmeat , the two parties agreed that the following specific point could be
covered by the consultation foreseen in clause 10 of that exchange of
letters , without prejudice to the terms of that clause :
   the possibility of allowing , at the conditions laid down in the
   arrangement , imports of quantities over and above those fixed in clause
   2 of the arrangement if the Community market were to require additional
   imports .
Formal ending .
 ---pagebreak---                                    D R A F T
                    EXCHANGE OF LETTERS RELEVANT TO CLAUSE 2
                                                 I
               OF THE EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN
               ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE . SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF
                  ROMANIA ON TRADE IN SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT
  I have the honour to refer to the exchange of letters between the European
  Economic Community and Romania on trade in mutton , lamb and goatmeat .
  Further to that exchange of letters and to your request , I would advise
  you that the competent Romanian authorities will ensure that for the
  pericfd 1 January 1981 to 31 March 1984 , there will be no change in the
* traditional trade flows of mutton , lamb and goatmeat and live sheep and
  goat from Romania to the market areas in the European Economic Community
  determined as sensitive .
                              ' •                                         *
  The Romanian authorities will adopt the necessary measures for this
  purpose .             i                     (
  Formal ending .                                             f
                                                                        #
 ---pagebreak---                          FINANCIAL            STATEMENT
                                                                                DATE I    3.12.1980
    1 . BUDGET LINS CO.-ICLTL'.'KD J
                                             736
j 2. ACTION : Conclusion of voluntary restraint agreements for exports from Austria ,
| Iceland , Poland and Romania of sheepmeat and goatmeat including the limitation of
1 imDort charges to the maximum ad valorem amounts of 10% for live animals and 10%
rfor fresh and chilled meat .                                                    .
S   3 . LEGAL BASIS :
                           Art .  113
    4 . OBJECTIVES : Limiting the levies charged to the maximum ad valorem amounts of 10 /4
   for the products covered by Regulation 1837 / 80 from the four countries referred
   to under 2 , which agree not to export greater quantities than those under 5.2 .
  WWMWWMA–––W––WW–
    5 . FINANCIAL CCI.'SEQUIJNCS
    5.0 EXPENDI TUHE
                                                 FOR THE MARKKTINO YEAH j   CURRENT FINANCIAL YEAS
                                                                                (    )
                                                                                FCLL0WINC FINANCIAL TEAR
                                                                                (      )
                                                                                i
       x x x^£^^*^jfVx$cfck
         X-BMX XX)XDOXOOTXCX« K XISBMFLQFK .
    5.1 RECEIPTS
         -C'.-TN RES CUR CIS CF THE EC
                                                                               - 963 000 ECU               - 963 000 ECU
           ( LEVIES/ CUOTORS DUTIES )
         -NATIONAL
                                          J-
                                                 YEAR                       YE&R                     vfi »                    !
   5.0.1 PLURIA.VNUAL PATTERN OF EXPENDITURE
   5.1.1 PLURI ANNUAL PATTERN OF RECEIPTS
   5*2 METHOD OF CALCULATIOK ( Base : world price for meat and live animals 2 400 ECU per tonne
                                                             for . frozen meat :                   1 800    ECU per tonne
                                                     Fresh / frozen meat                    Live animals loss of re-
                                                    Loss of revenue : 10%                   venue : 5% from the customs
                                                     from customs duty app-                duty applicable until 20.1
                                                     licable until 20.10.80
     AUSTRIA : 300 tonnes live animals                                                              36 000 ECU
      ICELAND : 600 tonnes frozen meat                         108 000 ECU
   POLAND              :5 800 tonnes . live animals                                                696 000 ECU
                          200 tonnes fresh meat         •        48 000 ECU
      Romania : 475 tonnes live animals                                                             57 000 ECU
                     .     75 tonnes fresh meat               ...18...Q0.CL.ECU
                                                                 18 000 . ECU
  TMMMïMË&ÊsmiM mm e mm¥»
                                                                                i
   cc;o3


title: RECOMMENDATION FOR A COUNCIL DECISION AMENDING DECISION 64/300/EEC ON CO-OPERATION BETWEEN THE CENTRAL BANKS OF THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

text:
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                 C0M(89) 467 f i n a l
                                                 Brussels, 13 October 1989
                              Recommendation  for a
                              COUNCIL DECISION
 amending Decision 64/300/EEC on co-operation between the Central Banks
         of the Member States of the European Economic Community
                       (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                            Recommendation for a
                                COUNCIL DECISION
                        amending Decision 64/300/EEC
      on oo-operatlon between the Central Banks of the Member States
                    of the European Economic Ccnrnunlty
     THE OOUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN OCMMUNITIES,
     Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Cannunlty, and In particular to Article 105(1) and to the first Indent
of Article 145 thereof,
     Having regard to the Reccmnendatlon from the Commission dated
1989,
     Having regard to the Opinion of the European Pari lament,
     Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Ccrrmlttee,
     Whereas the European Counc il, at I ts meet I ng in Madr i d on 26  and
27   June   1989, decided that the first stage of the Implementation of
Economic and Monetary Union is to begin on 1 July      1990;
     Whereas Article   102a   of the Treaty as well as the Implementation
of the first stage of the Economic and Monetary Union calls for an
 Increased degree of convergence In economic performance towards non-
 Inflationary growth and of economic and social cohesion between the
Member States;
     Whereas greater convergence should be promoted with a view to
achieving   domestic price stability, which      Is at   the same time a
necessary condition for stable exchange rates, In accordance with the
requirements of the European Monetary System;
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 2 -
    Whereas the     Implementation of the first stage of Economic and
Monetary Union will     focus on completing the Internal market and in
particular    removing   all   obstacles   to   financial    integration,  on
strengthening the process of co-ordination of monetary policies, on
Intensifying    co-operation   between   Central  Banks   on   other  matters
falling within their competence and, In this connection, should give
consideration to extending the scope of the Central Banks' autonomy;
    Whereas arrangements for the formulation of monetary policy in an
Economic and Monetary Union should provide for adequate autonomy for
the  Institutions and     for canrmitment to price stability, which        is
essential to the success of that Union;
    Whereas, In view of the objective of Economic and Monetary Union,
the tasks and role of the Ccmnlttee of Governors of the Central Banks
of the Members States of the European Catmunity should be extended and
reinforced,
    HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:
                                   Sole Article
                         i
    Decision 64/300/EEC     is hereby amended as follows:
    1.  Article 2 is replaced by the following:
                                  "Article 2
        The    Ccnmittee shai » be composed of        the Governors of    the
        Central Banks of the Member States and the Director General of
        the Luxembourg     Monetary    Institute.   If they   are  unable  to
        attend,    they may    nominate another    representative of    their
         institution.
        The Comilssion shall, as a general rule, be Invited to send one
        of   Its members as a representative to the meetings of the
        Connittee.
 OJ No 77, 21.5.1964, p. 1206/64.
 ---pagebreak---                               - 3 -
   The Comiittee may, furthermore, If It considers it necessary,
    invite qualified    persons  to attend     and   in particular   the
   Chairman of the Monetary Committee. "
2. The following Article 2a is inserted:
                                  "Article 2a
   The   Chairman of the Ccnmlttee shall be Invited to participate
   In the meetings of the Counci I of Ministers."
3. Article 3 is replaced by the following:
                                 "Article 3
   The   tasks of the Comnittee shall be:
   (1) to hold consultations concerning the general principles and
        the  broad   lines of   policy   of    the Central    Banks,  in
        particular as regards credit, money and foreign exchange
       markets and    Including, within their competences,        issues
        affecting  the   stability   of   financial    institutions  and
       markets ;
   (2) to exchange information regularly about the most important
       measures that fall within the competence of the Central
        Banks, and to examine those measures.       The Comnittee shall
        normally be consulted In advance of national decisions on
        the course of monetary policy, such as the setting of
        annual domestic monetary and credit targets;
   (3) to promote the co-ordination of the monetary policies of
        the Member States with a view to the proper functioning of
        the European Monetary System and the realisation of          its
       objective of monetary stab11ity;
   (4) to   formulate   opinions   on   the   overall   orientation   of
       monetary   and  exchange   rate policy     as we I I as on     the
        respective measures Introduced in Individual Member States
       with the aim of ensuring convergent monetary policies in
        the Community directed towards price stab 11ity;
 ---pagebreak---                                - 4 -
   (5) to express opinions to         individual  governments   and the
        Council of Ministers on policies which might affect the
         Internal and external monetary situation in the Ccmnunlty
        and,    In particular,    the   functioning   of  the  European
        Monetary System.
    In carrying out     its tasks, the Comnlttee shal I keep under
   review the trend of the monetary situation both           Inside and
   outside the Ccmnunlty.
   The Cemnittee shall prepare an annual report on its activities
   and on the monetary and financial conditions In the Ccmnunity,
   which will be transmitted to the Council of Ministers, the
   European Par Ii ament, and the European Counc11.
   The Ccrrm I ttee may author I se I ts Cha I rman to make the outcome of
    its deliberations public."
4. The followinq Article 3a is inserted:
                                "Article 3a
    The members of the Cemnittee, who are the representatives of
   their institutions, shall act, with respect to their activities
   on the Cemnittee, according to their own responsibilities and
   having due regard to Ccmnunlty objectives".
 ---pagebreak---                             - 5 -
5. Article 5 is replaced by the following:
                           "Article 5
    The Cormittee shall adopt its own rules of procedure.   It may
   create  sub-ccmnittees and   provide  Its own  Secretariat  and
   research services."
                                  Done at
                                  For the CounciI
                                  The President
 ---pagebreak---                                                                    Annex
                                                            (For information only)
                    DRAFT CONSOLIDATED COUNCIL DECISION
                                of 8 May 1964
      on co-operation between the Central Banks of the Member States
                     of the European Economic Ccmnunlty
                               * (64/300/EEC)
               (as amended by Counci I Decision      of .... )
     THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN OCMVLNITI ES,
     Having  regard   to the Treaty establishing    the European    Economic
Ccmnunity, and in particular to Article 105(1) and to the first indent
of Article 145 thereof,
     Having regard to the Reccmnendatlon of the Cemnlssion dated
1989,
     Having regard to the Opinion of the European Pari lament,
     Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Cormittee,
     Whereas the European CouncII, at Its meetIng in Madrid on 26th and
27th June 1989, decided that the first stage of the implementation of
Economic and Monetary Union snail begin on 1st July 1990;
     Whereas Article 102(A) of the Treaty as well as the implementation
of the first stage of the Economic and Monetary Union calls for an
 increased degree of convergence     In economic performance towards non-
 Inflationary growth and of economic and social cohesion between the
Member States;
     Whereas  greater   convergence  should  be promoted with   a   view  to
achieving   domestic   price  stability,  which  is at  the   same   time a
necessary condition for stable exchange rates, in accordance with the
requirements of the European Monetary System;
 ---pagebreak---                                       -f-
     Whereas  the   implementation of    the   first  stage of     Economic   and
Monetary Union will      focus on completing     the  internal market     and  in
particular    removing    all  obstacles    to   financial     integration,    on
strengthening the process of co-ordination of monetary policies, on
 intensifying   co-operation    between  Central    Banks   on   other   matters
 falling within their competence and,      in this connection, should give
consideration to extending the scope of the Central Banks' autonomy,
     Whereas arrangements for the formulation of monetary policy In an
Economic and Monetary Union should provide for adequate autonomy for
the   institutions   and   for ccmnltment    to   price  stability,    which   is
essential to the success of that Union;
     Whereas, in view of the objective of Economic and Monetary Union,
the tasks and role of the Cormittee of Governors of the Central Banks
of the Members States of the European Cantiunity should be extended and
reinforced;
     HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:
                                   Article 1
     For the purpose of promoting co-operation between the Central Banks
of the Member States, a Cormittee of the Governors of the Central Banks
of the Member States of the European Ccmnunlty (hereinafter called the
"CcrnnitteeM) is hereby set up.
                                   Article 2
     The Committee shall be composed of the Governors of the Central
Banks of the Member States and the Director General of the Luxembourg
Monetary   Institute.    If they are unable to attend, they may nominate
another representative of their Institution.
 ---pagebreak---                                       -a
                                         .y
     The Cormission shall, as a general rule, be Invited to send one of
 its members as a representative to the meetings of the Carmittee.
   The Committee may, furthermore, If It considers It necessary, invite
qualified persons to attend and           in particular   the Chairman of     the
Monetary Carmittee.
                                   Article 2a
     The Chairman of the Carmittee shall be invited to participate in
the meet Ings of the CouncII of M i nIsters.
                                    Article 3
     The tasks of the Committee shal I be:
     (1) to hold consultations concerning the general principles and the
         broad lines of policy of the Central Banks, in particular as
         regards   credit,    money    and    foreign   exchange    markets   and
          Including,   within   their   competences,     issues   affecting   the
         stability of financial institutions and markets;
     (2) to exchange     Information regularly about        the most    important
         measures that fa 11 within the competence of the Central Banks,
         and to examine those measures.        The Carmittee shal I normal I y be
         consulted    In advance of national decisions on the course of
         monetary    policy,   such   as    the  setting   of   annual   domestic
         monetary and credit targets;
     (3) to promote the co-ordination of the monetary policies of the
         Member States with a view to the proper             functioning of the
         European Monetary System and the realisation of its objective
         of monetary stab 111ty;
     (4) to formulate opinions on the overall orientation of monetary
         and exchange rate po I icy as we 11 as on the respective measures
         introduced in individual Member States with the aim of ensuring
         convergent monetary policies in the Corrmunity directed towards
         price stab 11f ty;
 ---pagebreak---                                -°t -
(5) to express opinions to Individual governments and the Counci I
     of Ministers on policies which might affect the internal and
     external   monetary   situation    In  the   Carmunity  and,   In
     particular, the functioning of the European Monetary System.
 In carrying out Its tasks, the Comnittee shall keep under review
the trend of the monetary situation both Inside and outside the
CcrnnunIty.
The Comnittee shall prepare an annual report on its activities and
on the monetary and financial conditions in the Carmunity, which
will   be transmitted   to the Council of Ministers, the European
Par I Iament and the European Counc11.
The Comnittee may authorise Its Chairman to make the outcome of its
del(Derations publIc.
                            Article 3a
The members of the Comnittee, who are the representatives of their
 institutions, shall act, with respect to their activities on the
Carmlttee, according to their own responsibilities and having due
regard to Carmunity objectives.
                             Article 4
The   Carmlttee   shall  meet   at  regular   intervals  and  whenever
circumstances so require.     The Comnission may, if it considers the
situation necessitates such a step, request an emergency meeting of
the Comnittee.
 ---pagebreak---                               -to-
                           Artlcle 5
The Ccmnlttee shall adopt    its own rules of procedure.     It may
create sub-ccmnittees and provide Its own Secretariat and research
services.
                                   Done at Brussels, 8 May 1964
                                   For the Counc11
                                   The President
                                   H. FAYAT
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                                                                      ISSN 0254-1475
                                                               COM(89) 467 final
                                                      DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                              18
                                 Catalogue number : CB-CO-89-423-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-53165-7
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
L-2985 Luxembourg


title: Recommendation for a COUNCIL DECISION authorizing the Commission, on behalf of the Community, to negotiate within the OECD an International Agreement on the Control of Transfrontier Movements of Hazardous Wastes (presented by the Commission)

text:
ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DE LA COMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (87) 487
Vol. 1987/0244
 ---pagebreak--- Disclaimer
Conformément au règlement (CEE, Euratom) n° 354/83 du Conseil du 1er février 1983 concernant
l'ouverture au public des archives historiques de la Communauté économique européenne et de
la Communauté européenne de l'énergie atomique (JO L 43 du 15.2.1983, p. 1) modifié en dernier
lieu par le règlement (UE) 2015/496 du Conseil du 17 mars 2015 (JO L79 du 25. 3.2015, p. 1), ce
dossier est ouvert au public. Le cas échéant, les documents classifiés présents dans ce dossier
ont été déclassifiés conformément à l'article 5 dudit règlement ou sont considérés déclassifiés
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Commission du 13 mars 2015 concernant les règles de sécurité aux fins de la protection des
informations classifiées de l'Union européenne.
In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983 concerning
the opening to the public of the historical archives of the European Economic Community and the
European Atomic Energy Community (OJ L 43, 15.2.1983, p. 1), as last amended by Council
Regulation (EU) 2015/496 of 17 March 2015 (OJ L 79, 27.3.2015, p. 1), this file is open to the
public. Where necessary, classified documents in this file have been declassified in conformity
with Article 5 of the aforementioned regulation or are considered declassified in conformity with
Articles (26.3) and 59(2) of the Commission Decision (EU, Euratom) 2015/444 of 13 March 2015
on the security rules for protecting EU classified information.
In Übereinstimmung mit der Verordnung (EWG, Euratom) Nr. 354/83 des Rates vom 1. Februar
1983 über die Freigabe der historischen Archive der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft und
der Europäischen Atomgemeinschaft (ABI. L 43 vom 15.2.1983, S. 1), zuletzt geändert durch die
Verordnung (EU) Nr. 2015/496 vom 17. März 2015 (ABI. L 79 vom 25.3.2015, S. 1), ist dieser Akt
der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Soweit erforderlich, wurden die Verschlusssachen in diesem Akt in
Übereinstimmung mit Artikel 5 der genannten Verordnung freigegeben; beziehungsweise werden
sie auf Grundlage von Artikel 26(3) und 59(2) der Entscheidung der Kommission (EU, Euratom)
2015/444 vom      13.   März 2015     über die   Sicherheitsvorschriften für den Schutz von  EU-
Verschlusssachen als herabgestuft angesehen.
 ---pagebreak---   COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                                   COM(87 ) 487 final
                                                                   Brussels , 23 October 1987
                               Recommendation for a
                                   COUNCIL DECISION
authorizing the Commission , on behalf of the Community , to negotiate within
    the OECD an International Agreement on the Control of Transfrontier
                        Movements of Hazardous Wastes
                            •       . . . . ..          _ _
                        ((presented
                          presented     by
                                        by thethe Commission
                                                        Commission ))
                           If*           Ov ! - <^ ••            LI -*
                           r ...•
                           i                          >
                                                         -u ,
                              \y\          u .c -I            / A-'
                                  \
C0M(87 ) 487 final
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 2 -
                              EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
 1.   The OECD Council / by its Resolution of 20 June 1985 ( C(85)100) on
      international cooperation concerning transfrontier movements of
      hazardous wastes / has decided to set up an international system
 I
      for effective control of transfrontier movements of hazardous
      wastes .
 2.   In the light of this Resolution and on the basis of the
      Conclusions and Recommendations adopted in March 1985 by the Basle
      Conference / in which the Community took part , on international
      cooperation concerning transfrontier movements of wastes , the OECD
      "Waste Management Policy Group " has begun work on drafting an
      international agreement on the control of transfrontier movements
      of hazardous wastes . It is planned that the text of a draft
      agreement will be submitted to the OECD Environment Committee at
      its meeting in December 1987 .
 3.   This draft international agreement provides in particular for a
      series of identification , notification and authorization measures
      to be carried out and for the use of an accompanying document
      without which all imports , transit journeys or exports of
      hazardous wastes will be prohibited .
  4.  With regard to the Community , the Council of Ministers has adopted
      several Directives in the field of waste disposal , in particular
      Directive 84 / 631 / EEC on the supervision and control within the
      European Community of the transfrontier shipment of hazardous
           1
      waste , recently amended by Council Directive 86 / 279/ EEC to cover
      exports of waste to countries outside the Community2. These
      Directives lay down common rules applicable to all movements of
      dangerous wastes involving a Member State of the Community
      including a uniform consignment note for advance notification and
      monitoring of movements of wastes .
   0J L 326 , 13.12.1984
2 0J L 181 , 4.7.1986
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 3 -
   Movements of wastes between the Community and other countries may
   be necessary in order to dispose of waste in the best conditions
   for the environment not involving excessive cost . In view of the
   disparities between provisions already applicable or planned in
   several non-Community countries and those applying within the
   Community and of their possible effects on trade within this
   field, it is necessary to harmonize the rules governing
   international movements of hazardous wastes .
   The draft international agreement is largely based on the
   Community rules in force , and it must ensure greater transparency
   and effectiveness of procedures governing transfrontier movements
   of hazardous wastes . To this end it must improve the conditions
   applying to commercial transactions involving movements and
   disposal of wastes . On these terms the desired objectives are an
   integral part of the common commercial policy , for which
   competence lies with the Community .
5. Consequently the Commission proposes to the Council that it adopt
   the Recommendation for a Decision in the annex authorizing the
   Commission , on behalf of the Community, to negotiate the draft
   international agreement on the control of transfrontier movements
   of hazardous wastes , drawn up under the auspices of the OECD .
                                  r
 ---pagebreak---                                        ч
    RECOMMENDATION FOR A COUNCIL DECISION AUTHORIZING THE COMMISSION,
         ON BEHALF OF THE COMMUNITY, TO NEGOTIATE WITHIN THE OECD
AN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF TRANSFRONTIER MOVEMENTS OF
                               HAZARDOUS WASTES
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 113 thereof ,
Having regard to the Commission Recommendation ,
Whereas an international agreement on transfrontier movements of
hazardous wastes is being prepared within the OECD ;
Whereas trade in hazardous wastes existes between the European
Community and non-member countries , some of whom are OECD members ;
Whereas there are differences in the national provisions governing
these movements ; whereas Council Directive 84 / 631 / EEC of 6 December
1984 on the supervision and control within the European Community of
                                                 1
the transfrontier shipment of hazardous waste , as amended by Council
                                        2
Directive 86 / 279 / EEC of 12 June 1986 , lays down the conditions for
such shipments within the Community as well as into and /or out of the
Community ;
Whereas these differences affect trade with non-member countries in
this field , particularly with regard to recyclable wastes ; whereas the
draft international agreement under negotiation should eliminate these
differences , which are prejudicial to the smooth functioning of trade
relations between the Community and non-member countries ;
Whereas it is necessary that the Community participates in the
negotiations within the OECD on an international agreement on movements
of hazardous wastes with a view to ultimate adoption of this agreement ,
 1 OJ L 326, 13.12.1984
 2 OJ L 181 , 4.7.1986
 ---pagebreak---                                   -5-
             AS h CL LC wS :
                               Sole Article
The Commission is authorized to negotiate within the OECD , on behalf of
the Community , an international agreement on the control of
transf rontier movements of hazardous wastes .
The Commission shall conduct these negotiations in conformity with the
directives in the annex and in consultation with the representatives of
the Member States .
Done at Brussels ,                       For the Counci l
                                         The President .
Annex
 ---pagebreak---                           NEGOTIATING DIRECTIVES
1 . The Commission shall negotiate the provisions of the draft
    international agreeemnt in question within the OECD . It shall ensure
    that these are compatible with the common commercial policy
    including the relevant Community legislation , and that the text of
    the agreement makes sufficient provision for Community participation
    in this agreement .
2 . The Commission shall report to the Council on progress in the
    negotiations .
 ---pagebreak---        FICHE D * IMPACT DE CERTAINS ACTES LEGISLATIFS SUR LES PME ET L' EMPLOI
     Projet de recommandation de décision du Conseil autorisant la Commission
     à négocier dans le cadre de l' OCDE un accord international sur le contrôle
     des mouvements transfrontières de déchets dangereux .
1 . OBLIGATIONS ADMINISTRATIVES DECOULANT DE L' APPLICATION DE LA
    LEGISLATION POUR LES ENTREPRISES :
    Aucune . Il s' agit d' un accord international à négocier avec les
    Etats tiers .
Z.' AVANTAGES POUR L' ENTREPRISE :
    - OUI / RM
  . - LESQUELS ?       Harmonisation des règles pour l 'export / import des
                       déchets , avec les règles communautaires existantes .
                       Simplification des procédures .
3 . INCONVENIENTS POUR L' ENTREPRISE ( coût supplémentaire ) :
    - fiWX / NON
    - CONSEQUENCES :
4 . EFFETS SUR L' EMPLOI : non déterminé .
5.' Y-A-T- IL EU CONCERTATION PREALABLE AVEC LES PARTENAIRES SOCIAUX ?
    - Oam-ON        sans objet
    - AVIS DES PARTENAIRES SOCIAUX : L' industrie du recyclage est favorable
                                          à des accords internationaux et s' est
                                          exprimée à l' OCDE ( BIAC ).
6 . Y-A-T- IL UNE APPROCHE ALTERNATIVE MOINS COMTRAIGNANTE ?
    - QWtfNON