title: Recommendation for a COUNCIL DECISION authorizing the Commission to negotiate an Agreement between the European Economic Community and third countries on the rules applicable to certain types of international carriage of passengers by road, by coach and bus (submitted to the Council by the Commission)

text:
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COM (82) 288
Vol. 1982/0108
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 ---pagebreak--- COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                      «
                                                        COM(82)288 final
                                                        Brussels ,. 8 June 1982
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                              Recommendation for a
                                    COUNCIL DECISION
 authorizing the Commission to negotiate an Agreement between the
 European Economic Community and third countries on the rules
 applicable to certain types of international carriage of passengers
                          by road , by coach and bus
              ( submitted to the Council by the Commission )
   I
 COM ( 82 ) 288 final
 ---pagebreak---                                  EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1 . In Regulation n° 117 / 66 / EEC of 28 July 1966 ( 1 ) the Council laid down
    certain common rules for the international carriage of passengers by road ,
    including definitions of the various categories of passenger service and
    the rules applying to them within the Community .
    Article 4(2 ) of the Regulation states that " the Community shall enter
    into any negotiations with third countries which may be found necessary
    for the purpose of implementing this Regulation ".
    Article 4(3 ) goes on to stipulate that once the common rules provided
    for in Articles 7 ( concerning regular services ) and 8 ( concerning shuttle
    services ) of the Regulation have been laid down , " the Council shall , as
    soon as possible and on a proposal from the Commission , lay down the
    common rules necessary in order to enable application of this Regulation
    to be extended to international carriage of passengers by road to or from
    third countries ".
2 . On 28 February 1972 the Council laid down the common rules provided for
    by Articles 7 and 8 of Regulation n° 117 / 66 / EEC by adopting Regulation
    ( EEC ) n° 516 / 72 on shuttle services(2 ) and Regulation ( EEC ) n° 517 / 72
    on regular and special regular services ( 3 ).
    The Commission adopted the provisions for implementing those Regulations
    in 1968, in the case of occasional services ( 4 ), and in 1972 in the case
    of shuttle services and regular services ( 5 ) ( 6 ).
    ( 1 ) O.J. n° 147, 09.08.1966, p. 2688
    ( 2 ) O.J. n° L 67, 20.03.1972 , p. 13
    ( 3 ) O.J. n° L 67, 20.03.1972 , p. 19
    ( 4 ) O.'J . n° L 173 , 22.07.1968, p ; 8
    ( 5 ) ( 6 ) O.J. n° L 134 , 12.06.1972 , p. 1
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 2 -
3 . Now that the conditions laid down in Article 4(3 ) of Regulation n° 117 / 66 / EEC
    have thus been met , it is appropriate for the Community to fulfil the
    obligations incumbent upon it under that Article in respect of shuttle
    services and regular services .
4 . Where occasional services are concerned , there have already been negotiat
     ions for an agreement         ~ the ASOR - between the European Economic
    Community on the one hand and Austria , Finland , Norway , Portugal , Spain ,
    Sweden , Switzerland , Turkey and Yugoslavia on the other . All those countries
    - apart from Yugoslavia , which will not take part in the Agreement at
    this stage - and the Community will sign the ASOR in the first half of
    1982 . Immediately thereafter it will be concluded , and thereby ratified
    as far as the Community is concerned .
    The ASOR applies :
    a ) to the international carriage of passengers by road by means of occasional
        services effected :
        - between the territories of two Contracting Parties or
        - starting and finishing in the territory of the same Contracting
          Party, and , should the need arise during such services , in transit
          through the territory of both a contracting and a non-contracting State ,
           and :
        - using vehicles registered in the territory of a Contracting Party
          which ,, by virtue of their construction and equipment , are suitable
          for carrying more than nine persons , including the driver , and are
          intended for that purpose ;
    b ) to unladen journeys by vehicles in connection with these services .
    In addition to the definition of the scope of the Agreement , the ASOR
    also contains :
    - definitions of the various types of service ( i.e. occasional services ,
       regular services and shuttle services ), based on the definitions agreed
       at Community level for services between the Member States ;
 ---pagebreak---                                      -3 -
      - measures to Liberalize certain occasional services , although the degree
          of liberalization is more limited than that in respect of services
          between    the Member States ;
      - rules concerning the introduction of a control document for occasional
          services and details of how to use it ; a model standard control document
          is annexed to the Agreement ( Community legislation is to be adopted in
         order to introduce the same model for services between the Member
          States ) ;
      - général and final provisions .
      NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE NEGOTIATIONS
  5 . The nature and scope of the negotiations with the third countries must
      be determined in the light of the rules laid down in Article 4(2 ) and
      ( 3 ) of the 1966 Regulation, and of the requirements of the Community
      passenger transport system and of future developments in the flow of
      traffic to and from the third countries concerned .
5.1 . The third countries concerned are those which took part in the ASOR
      negotiations , including Yugos lavia - whi ch took part in all the negotiations
      but is not going to conclude the Agreement at this stage - because of its
      key position as a transit country for services to and from Greece .
      These countries have been chosen either because of their geographical
      location or because of the volume of regular and / or shuttle service
      between them and the Member States . The decisive factor , however , was
      the degree of mutual interest in the establishment of common rules .
       It does not seem desirable at the moment to open similar negotiations
      with the State trading third countries .
 ---pagebreak---                                     - if -
5.2 . As regards tne negotiating procedure , multilateral negotiations between
      the Community on the one hand ani all the third countries concerned on
      the other would appear to be preferable , for the following reasons :
      - they can make it possible to produce uniform solutions for all services ,
        whether between the Community and the third countries concerned or
        between the third countries themselves ;
      All the same , in so far as the problems to be discussed or any develop
      ments in the multilateral negotiations make it desirable for bilateral
      negotiations to be opened   with each of the third countries affected
      or with groups of these countries , this option should not be excluded .
      OBJECTIVES OF THE NEGOTIATIONS
6.    The main objective of the negotiations is   to make it possible to lay
      down common rules for regular services and shuttle services performed
      in the various ways provided for in Regulation No . 117/66/EEC , and to
      ensure that the third countries concerned accept control documents
      which comply with the Community rules on the matter .
 ---pagebreak---                                - 5 -
As regards extending the scope of the application of the provisions of
Regulation n° 117 / 66 / EEC to include transport services to or from a third
country , there is a legal possibility for the Community to lay down
unilateral measures governing the sections on Community territory , as
confirmed by Article 4(3 ) of the Regulation .
However , the close link between services to or from third countries and
intra-Community services , both from the point of view of the organization
of the firms and as regards the operation of the services , leaves no doubt
that , in practice , the establishment of common rules for the entire
journey, whether on Community territory or in the third countries concerned ,
will make for more effective and more rational organization of the services
involved , facilitate checks and simplify the administrative formalities .
In the light of these considerations , an international agreement or several
 international agreements with the third countries concerned would appear
 the best way of extending the scope of the common rules referred to in
 Article b(j>) .
 The negotiations on the conclusion of such an agreement or several such
 agreements must make it possible to lay down the common rules that are
 necessary in order to extend , wherever possible , the existing Community
 rules - and in particular those concerning the definitions of the various
 types of passenger services , the rules which apply to them , the authori
 zation procedures and the format and content of the authorization docu
 ments - to services involving third countries .
Given these general objectives , the negotiating directives must be flexible
enough to make it possible to take account of the progress of the discussions
and of particular technical requirements which may emerge .
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 6 -
        FORM OF THE AGREEMENT OR AGREEMENTS
    7 . As proposed in section 5-2 ., the negotiations should preferably lead to
        concluding a multilateral Agreement , but there are still reserve powors to
        negotiate bilateral agreements . Moreover , it would appear useful to be able
        to leave certain administrative work to the secretariat of the European
        Conference of Ministers of Transport ( ECMT ). In view of the existence ,
        within the framework of the ECMT, of certain regulations concerning regular
        services and shuttle services in the field of international bus transport ,
        it would appear appropriate to invite its secretariat to attend the multi
        lateral negotiations as an observer .
    8 . Economic impact of the rules to be Laid down
        A survey conducted in several Member States indicates that all passenger
        services have expanded appreciably over the last few years , both on
        routes within the Community and on routes to and from third countries .
        The main reasons for this are that :
        - coach and bus fares have not risen as fast as rail or air fares ;
        - the travelling conditions have improved ( for example , the vehicles are
          now more comfortable and many motorways have been resurfaced ) ;
        - the coach and bus services available to tourists are now better organized ,
          and the range of services has been improved .
  8.1 . Summary of some of the data gathered by the Commission departments .
8.1.1 . Federal Republic of Germany
        The total number of coach passengers carried , taking all the routes and
        all categories of service together , rose by 40.6 % between 1970 and 1980 .
        Between 1980 and 1981 , bus services' share of total passenger transport
        rose from 8 % to 9.1 %, while the railways' and airlines' shares fell
        from 13.3 % to 12.2 % and from 15.3 % to 13.9 % respectively .
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 7 -
8.1.2 . Belgium
        The number of shuttle services rose from 64 in 1978 to 144 in 1981 - an
        increase of 125 % . Over that period breakdown of these services      was as
        follows :
           Year        Total      Intra-Community routes         Routes involving third
                                                                       countries
           1978          64                  12                            52
           1979          94                  38                            56
           1980         128                  59                            69
           1981         144                  50                            94
        Note that in 1981 Belgium had almost twice as many services involving
        third countries as involving other Community countries .
8.1.3 . France
        France has provided data on a number of regular or special regular services
        involving third countries , some of which are set out below :
        Paris - Valencia - Murci-a : 1978 : Number of passengers carried :         94.144
                                              Passenger-ki lometres worked : 101.298.944
                                      1980 : Number of passengers carried :       111.973
                                              Passenger-kilometres worked : 119.898.140
        Paris - Istanbul :            1979 : Number of passengers carried :         3.603
                                              Passenger-ki lometres worked :   10.809.000
                                      1980 : Number of passengers carried :         4.146
                                              Passenger-ki lometres worked :   12.438.000
        Amsterdam -Barcelona-Alicante:1978 : Number of passengers carried :        39.639
                                              Passenger-ki lometres worked :   77.278.000
                 ,                    1979 : Number of passengers carried :        99.020
                                              Passenger-ki lometres worked : 222.398.920
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 8 -
8.1.4 . " Europabus " - the coach service which certain European railways run for
        tourists - has stated    that 47 % of its 30 regular international services
        involved       third countries .
  8.2 . The figures given in section 8.1 clearly illustrate that there has been
        a substantial increase in the number and scale of regular services and
        shuttle services on routes involving third countries , and that the economic
        importance of those services     cannot be ignored .
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 9 -
. LEGAL BASIS FOR THE NEGOTIATIONS - THE COMMUNITY 'S POWERS
  Article 75 of the EEC Treaty together with Articlo 42 of Regulation No , 117/66/
  EEC provides the legal basis for entering into negotiations ' with third countries
. in this field .
  The adoption and implementation of Regulation No . 117/66/EEC , Regulation ( EEC )
  No . 516/72 and Regulation ( EEC ) No . 517/72 - all of which were based on Article
  75 of the Treaty - brought the rules governing the international carriage of
  passengers by road into the sphere of the common transport policy and consequent
  ly necessarily conferred on the Community the power to conclude with third coun
  tries any agreement on the matters covered by those Regulations , given that
  external links cannot be separated from the rules governing internal measures .
  What is more , this Community competence is exclusive . Regulation No . 117/66/EEC
  gives the Commission the task of negotiating with third countries any agreements
  related to the field covered by that Regulation . Moreover , since this is an
  area in which the Community has introduced common rules in the context of the
  common transport policy provided for by the Treaty of Rome , the Member States
  no longer have the right , whether individually or collectively , to enter into
  any obligations vis- a-vis third countries such as might affect those rules . The
  Community - alone is in a position to guarantee that obligations entered into
  vis- a- vis third countries are implemented in respect of all the area in which
  the Community legal system applies , and consequently it alone has the power to
  conclude agreements to that effect with third countires .
  The procedural aspects are covered by Article 228 of the EEC Treaty .
. NEGOTIATING DIRECTIVES
  10.1 . Article 2 of the proposal provides that the Commission is to conduct the
          negotiations on the basis of the Directives annexed to the proposal .
  10.2 . The ECMT has already laid down general rules for the international
          carriage of passengers by coach and bus ( in Resolution No . 20 of 16
         December 1969 , as amended on 16 June 1971 ) • More specifically , it has
          laid down definitions for regular services and shuttle services respect
          ively .    ,
                                                                             • /• • •
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 10 -
10.3 . The negotiations should make it possible to eliminate the differences
       between Community Legislation and the rules which currently apply to the
       international carriage of passengers to and from third countries , wherever
       the current parallelism is likely to raise legal problems or make it
       difficult to apply the rules in practice . However , they should be confined
       solely to the types of service provided between the Member States and
       the third countries which are of genuine economic importance to the
       various parties .
10.4 . In the light of the foregoing considerations , the negotiations will be
       directed towards standardizing the definitions of the various types of
       regular services and shuttle services .
10.5 . The desire for common rules does not necessarily imply that the same
       rules should apply to all the third countries concerned if economic and
       social conditions warrant different rules and disparities remain between
       the competitive position of the individual countries . Separate agreements
       could perhaps be concluded with certain of the third countries concerned ,
       if this is this case .
       Moreover , in the context of the negotiations one should not set out
       systematically to bring the ECMT rules into line with the Community
       legislation but examine whether , and if so to what extent , the differences
       between the two systems might call for changes in the Community rules *
       The necessary amendments to Community legislation would then be made
       in the Regulation establishing the measures to be taken to bring into
       effect the agreement which is to be concluded .
       The conclusions which can be drawn from examining the differences between
       the various systems in this light - and which should be followed up
       during the negotiations - are set out below .
 ---pagebreak---                                          - 11 -
10.6 . Scope of the negotiations
   A. Def i nit i ons
       a ) The ECMT definition of regular services is broadly similar to the
           Community definition , as laid down in Article 1(1 ) of Regulation
           n° 117 / 66 / EEC , though it goes into greater detail . In particular , it
           is based on the following principles :
           - fixed itinerary ;
           - frequency ; and
           - timetables .
           The ECMT definition of special regular services agrees word for word
           with that in Article 1(3 ) of Regulation n° 117 / 66 / EEC .
           It would be appropriate to look for ways of extending the definition
           laid down in Article 1(1 ) of Regulation n° 117 / 66 / EEC to the third
           countries concerned , since the wording , and in particular the reference
           to " specified routes ", allows a clearer distinction to be made between
           the strictly controlled regular services and the liberalized occasional
           services and will therefore make it easier to stamp out abuses .
       b ) The ECMT definition of shuttle services agrees word for word with that
           in Article 2(1 ), ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) of the Council Regulation . However , it
           does not incorporate the wording of Article 2(4 ), which provides for
           fixing the conditions under which exceptions to that definition may
           be authorized .
           Since it is essential to continue to allow operators the freedom to
           accept for the return journey passengers who made the outward journey
           with another group, it would be desirable for the wording in question
           to be added to the ECMT definition , which would then apply to services
           between the Member States and the third countries concerned .
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 12 -
B. Scope
   Both the ECMT Resolution and Regulation n° 117 / 66 / EEC ( see the second
   indent of Article 4(1 ) thereof ) apply to carriage in vehicles intended
   to carry more than nine persons , including the driver . However , the
   Council Regulation also stipulates that the vehicle must be " suitable "
   for that purpose .
   It would be advisable if the occasion arises/ to propose to the third
   countries that they too should add this extra detail and , in conse
   quence , accept the definition set out in Regulation No . 117/66/EEC .
C. Common rules of a more general nature
   In addition to the technical points referred to above , a number of more
   general common rules should be agreed with the third countries in question ,
   and in parti cular :
   - detailed rules for joint examination , by the representatives of each
     Contracting Party, of the general operation of the agreement or agreements
     and of special cases which may arise when it is implemented ; the
     representatives could also put forward proposals for additions or
     amendments to the agreement or agreements ;
   - detailed rules for a procedure for consultation and conciliation among
     the Contracting Parties whenever a particular need arises or when a
     dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the agreement
     or agreements makes it necessary ;
   - rules concerning the period of validity of the agreement or agreements ,
     which it should be possible to extend automatically for successive
     periods of a pre-established duration        ;
   - rules concerning termination of the agreement or agreements by one of the
     Contracting Parties , after consulting the other Party , said the period
     of notice required for notification of termination .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                I >
Recommendation for a Council Decision authorizing the Commission to negotiate
            an Agreement between the European Economic Community and third
       countries on the rules applicable to certain types of international
                  carriage of passengers by road , by coach and bus
     THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
     Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,
    Having regard to the recommendation from the Commission,
    Whereas common rules on the international carriage of passengers by road
    by coach and bus by means of regular services and shuttle services were
     laid down in Council Regulation n° 117 / 66 / EEC ( 1 ) ;
    Whereas Article 4(2 ) of Regulation n° 117/ 66/ EEC requires the Community
    to enter into any negotiations with third countries which may be found
    necessary for the purpose of implementing that Regulation ; whereas
    paragraph 3 of that Article provides that , when the common rules provided
    for in Articles 7 and 8 have been laid down, the Council shall , as soon
    as possible , lay down the common rules necessary in order to enable
    application of that Regulation to be extended to international carriage
   of passengers by road to or from third countries ; whereas the common
    rules provided for in the abovementioned Articles 7 and 8 were laid down
    in Council Regulations ( EEC ) n° 516/ 72 ( 2 ) and 517/ 72 (3 ) ;
    ( 1 ) O.J. n° 147, 09.08.1966, p. 2688 / 66
    ( 2 ) O.J. n° L 67, 20.03.1972 , p. 13
    (3 ) O.J. n° L 67, 20.03.1972, p. 19
 ---pagebreak--- Whereas the negotiations between the Community and certain third countries
concerning occasional services have been completed , and the Agreement
relating thereto will shortly be concluded on behalf of the Community ;
Whereas in view of the economic importance of road passenger traffic in
the form of regular services and shuttle services between the Community
and third countries , it is also desirable to extend the application of
the Community rules to such services ;
Whereas the only adequate means of attaining those objectives is for
uniform rules to be agreed between the Community and the third countries
concerned ;
Whereas , to this end , the Commission should be authorized to enter into
such negotiations as are necessary ;
Whereas the substance and scope of the agreement or agreements should be
specified and the conciliation procedure should be laid down ;
Whereas Austria , Finland , Norway, Portugal , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland ,
Turkey and Yugoslavia are the third countries with the greatest interest
in road passenger services to and from the Community, and negotiations
should therefore be entered into with these countries first ,
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS
 ---pagebreak---                            Article 1
The Commission is hereby authorized to open negotiations with Austria ,
Finland , Norway, Portugal , Spain, Sweden , Switzerland , Turkey and Yugoslav
with a view to concluding between the European Economic Community and
those States an agreement or agreements establishing common rules for
the international carriage of passengers by road by means of regular
services and shuttle services by coach or bus .
                           Article 2
The Commission shall conduct the negotiations in accordance with the
directives contained in the Annex .
Done at Brussels,                                     For the Council
                                                       The President
 ---pagebreak---                                                                               ANNEX
                                      NEGOTIATING DIRECTIVES
1 . General objective
    The general objective of the negotiations is to conclude an agreement or
    agreements between the Community and certain third countries on rules
    for the international carriage of passengers by road by coach and bus .
2 . Substance and scope of the agreement or agreeements
    2.1 . Definition of the various types of service
            ( a ) The definitions laid down in Article 1 of Council Regulation
                  n° 117 / 66 / EEC of 28 July 1966 ( 1 ) should be extended to include
                  regular services and special regular services between the Member
                  States and third countries .
           ( b ) The definition of shuttle services , as laid down in Article 2(1 ),
                  ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) of Regulation n° 117 / 66/ EEC should also be extended ;
                  a further provision should also be added to it in order to allow
                  the public authorities to authorize carriers to accept for the
                  return journey passengers who made the outward journey with
                  another group .
    2.2 . Stipulation concerning vehicles
           As regards the construction and equipment of the vehicles , the
           stipulation made in the second indent of Article 4(1 ) of the above-
           mentioned Council Regulation should also apply to services between
           the Member States and the third countries concerned .
    2.3 . Consultation and conciliation
           Provision should also be made for conciliation procedures enabling the
           representatives of the Contracting Parties to hold joint consultations
           at the request of one of the parties whenever a particular need arises
           or a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the agree
           ment or agreements makes them necessary .
    ( 1 ) O.J. n° 147 . 09.08.1966
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                \ r<
                                                                                I  "■
                                         - 2 -
            The representatives could also review the general operation of the
            agreement or agreements and , where appropriate , draw up proposals
            for amending or supplementing it .
      2.k . Period of validity and extension of the agreement or agreements
    f
            The agreement or agreements should be valid for a period of ten years .
            Unless terminated by one of the Contracting Parties , its period of
            validity should thereafter be extended automatically .
I     2.5 * Termination of the agreement or agreements
            Each Contracting Party should have the right to terminate the agreement
            or agreements after consulting the other party before-hand and giving due
            notice .
3 . Form of the Agreement
      3.1 . The negotiations will be conducted according to the procedure set out in
            Article 228 of the EEC Treaty . Third countries will be invited to begin
            negotiations with the Community with a view to concluding a multilateral
            agreement . If there is an opportunity during the course of these negotiat
            ions , it will still be possible to open bilateral negotiations with each
            one of the third countries or with a group of these countries .
      3.2 . As in the case of ASOK , the secretariat of the ECMT should be invited to
            take charge of certain administrative tasks , provided for in the agreement
            and relating to its administration .
            A representative of the secretariat could be invited to attend the
            negotiations .


               EUROPEAN COMMISSION
            Brussels, 3.8.2017
            COM(2017) 414 final
            Recommendation for a
            COUNCIL DECISION
            approving the conclusion, by the European Commission, on behalf of the European Atomic Energy Community, of the Protocol to the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part, to take account of the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union

               EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

               The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part, hereinafter referred to as 'the Agreement', was signed in Brussels on 9 February 1995 and entered into force on 1 July 1999.

               According to its Act of Accession, the Republic of Croatia undertakes to accede to the international agreements signed or concluded by the European Union and its Member States by means of a protocol to those agreements.

               A Council Decision of 14 September 2012
                  1
                authorised the Commission to open negotiations with the non-EU countries concerned, in order to conclude the relevant protocols. Negotiations with the Kyrgyz Republic were successfully concluded by the exchange of notes verbales.

               The proposed Protocol incorporates the Republic of Croatia as a contracting party to the Agreement and commits the EU to providing the authentic version of the Agreement in the Croatian language.

               The Commission has judged the results of the negotiations to be satisfactory and  proposes the signing and conclusion of the Protocol. Through the recommendation attached, the Commission hereby recommends the Council to approve the conclusion, by the European Commission, on behalf of the European Atomic Energy Community, of the Protocol to the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part, to take account of the Republic of Croatia's accession to the European Union.

               The attached recommendation is presented jointly with a:

               (ii)proposal for a Council Decision on the signature and provisional application of the Protocol on behalf of the European Union and its Member States;

               (iii)proposal for a Council Decision on the conclusion of the Protocol on behalf of the European Union and its ;

               Recommendation for a

               COUNCIL DECISION

               approving the conclusion, by the European Commission, on behalf of the European Atomic Energy Community, of the Protocol to the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part, to take account of the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union

               THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

               Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and in particular the second paragraph of Article 101 thereof,

               Having regard to the recommendation from the European Commission,

               Whereas:

               (1)In accordance with Article 6(2) of the Act of Accession of the Republic of Croatia, the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership between the European Communities and its Member States, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part ('the Agreement')
                  2
                is to be agreed by means of a protocol to the Agreement.

               (2)On 14 September 2012, the Council authorised the Commission to open negotiations with the non-EU countries concerned
                  3
               . Negotiations were successfully concluded with the Kyrgyz Republic by exchange of notes verbales.

               (3)The conclusion, by the Commission, of the Protocol should be approved as regards matters falling within the competence of the European Atomic Energy Community.

               (4)The signing and conclusion of the Protocol is subject to a separate procedure as regards matters falling under the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

               HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

               Sole Article

               The conclusion by the Commission, on behalf of the European Atomic Energy Community, of the of the Protocol to the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part, to take account of the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union, is hereby approved
                  4
               .

               Done at Brussels,

                     For the Council

                     The President

                     (1)
                  Council Decision authorising the opening of negotiations for the adaptation of agreements signed or concluded between the European Union, or the European Union and its Member States, with one or more third countries or international organisations, in view of the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union (Council doc. 13351/12 LIMITED).

                     (2)
                  Council and Commission Decision 1999/491/EC, ECSC, Euratom of 12 May 1999 on the conclusion of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part (OJ L 196, 28.7.1999, p. 48).

                     (3)
                  Council Decision authorising the opening of negotiations for the adaptation of agreements signed or concluded between the European Union, or the European Union and its Member States, with one or more third countries or international organisations, in view of the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union (Council doc. 13351/12 LIMITED)

                     (4)
                  The text of the Protocol is published in ...[insert OJ reference] together with the Decision on signature on behalf of the Union and of the Member States.


RECOMMENDATION FOR A COUNCIL DECISION AUTHORIZING THE COMMISSION TO PARTICIPATE IN THE NEGOTIATION OF A PROTOCOL TO THE 1979 GENEVA CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION RELATING TO THE REDUCTION OF SULPHUR EMISSIONS


				|

		52013PC0586

			Recommendation for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning the accession of Croatia to the Convention of 23 July 1990 on the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits of associated enterprises /* COM/2013/0586 final - 2013/ () */

			   	EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Article 3(4) of the 2011 Act of Accession
of Croatia to the European Union provides that Croatia accedes to the
conventions and protocols listed in Annex I to the Act of Accession and that
those conventions and protocols shall enter into force in relation to Croatia on the date determined by the Council. According to Article 3(5) of the Act of
Accession the Council, acting unanimously on a recommendation by the Commission
and after consulting the European Parliament, shall decide to make all
adjustments required by reason of the accession of Croatia to these conventions
and protocols and to publish the adapted texts in the Official Journal of the
European Union.
The list of conventions and protocols in
Annex I to the Act of Accession includes Convention 90/436/EEC of 23 July 1990
on the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of
profits of associated enterprises (Arbitration Convention), the Convention of
21 December 1995 on the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden to the
Arbitration Convention, the Protocol of 25 May 1999 amending the Arbitration
Convention and the Convention of 8 December 2004 on the accession of the Czech
Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia
and Slovakia to the Arbitration Convention. The Arbitration Convention was
amended by the Protocol of 25 May 1999 and the Conventions of 21 December 1995
and of 8 December 2004.
Bulgaria and Romania acceded to the Arbitration Convention by virtue of the Act of Accession of 2005. Decision
2008/492/EC of 23 June 2008 made the adjustments required by reason of the
accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the Arbitration Convention and determined
the date of its entry into force, as amended, with relation to Bulgaria and
Romania.
This Commission Recommendation for a
Council Decision is intended to make the adjustments required by reason of the
accession of Croatia to the Arbitration Convention and to determine the date of
its entry into force, as amended, with relation to Croatia, in accordance with
Articles 3(4) and 3(5) of the Act of Accession of 2011.
Recommendation for a
COUNCIL DECISION
concerning the accession of Croatia to the Convention of 23 July 1990 on
the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits
of
associated enterprises
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on European
Union,
Having regard to the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to the Act of Accession of Croatia,
and in particular Articles 3(4) and 3(5) thereof,
Having regard to the recommendation from
the European Commission[1],
Having regard to the opinion of the
European Parliament[2],
Whereas:
(1)       Convention 90/436/EEC[3] (hereafter referred to as
"the Arbitration Convention") was signed at Brussels on 23 July 1990 and
entered into force on 1 January 1995.
(2)       The Arbitration Convention
was amended by a Protocol[4]
signed on 25 May 1999, by a
Convention signed on 21 December 1995[5],
a Convention signed on 8 December 2004[6],
as well as by Decision 2008/492/EC of 23 June 2008[7].
(3)       Article 3(4) of the Act of
Accession of 2011[8]
provides that Croatia accedes to the conventions and protocols concluded
between the Member States listed in Annex I to the Act of Accession. They are
to enter into force in relation to Croatia on the date determined by the Council.
(4)       In accordance with Article
3(5) of the Act of Accession of 2011 the Council is to make all adjustments
required by reason of the accession to those conventions and protocols and to
publish the adapted texts in the Official Journal of the European Union,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Article 1
The
Arbitration Convention is amended as follows:
(1) In Article 2(2), points (i) to (xxvii) are
replaced by the following:
‘(i) in Belgium:
(a) impôt des personnes
physiques/personenbelasting
(b) impôt des sociétés/vennootschapsbelasting
(c) impôt des personnes
morales/rechtspersonenbelasting
(d) impôt des non-résidents/belasting der
niet-verblijfhouders
(e) taxe
communale et la taxe d'agglomération additionnelles à l'impôt des personnes
physiques/aanvullende gemeentebelasting en agglomeratiebelasting op de
personenbelasting
(ii) in Bulgaria:
(a) данък върху доходите на физическите лица
(b) корпоративен
данък
(iii) in the Czech Republic:
(a) daň z přijmů fyzických osob
(b) daň z přijmů právnických osob
(iv) in Denmark:
(a) indkomstskat til staten
(b) den kommunale indkomstskat
(c) den amtskommunale indkomstskat
(v) in Germany:
(a) Einkommensteuer
(b) Koerperschaftsteuer
(c) Gewerbesteuer, in so far as this tax is based
on trading profits
(vi) in Estonia:
(a) tulumaks
(vii) in Ireland:
(a) Cáin Ioncaim
(b) Cáin Chorparáide
(viii) in Greece:
(a) φόρος
εισοδήματος
φυσικών
προσώπων
(b) φόρος εισοδήματος νομικών προσώπων
(c) εισφορά
υπέρ των επιχειρήσεων
ύδρευσης και
αποχέτευσης
(ix) in Spain:
(a) Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas
Fisicas
(b) Impuesto sobre Sociedades
(c) Impuesto sobre la Renta de no Residentes
(x) in France:
(a) impôt sur le revenu
(b) impôt sur les sociétés
(xi) in Croatia:
(a) porez na dohodak
(b) porez na dobit
(xii) in Italy:
(a) imposta sul reddito delle persone fisiche
(b) imposta sul reddito delle società
(c) imposta regionale sulle attività produttive
(xiii) in Cyprus:
(a) Φόρος
Εισοδήματος
(b) Έκτακτη
Εισφορά για την
Άμυνα της yημοκρατίας
(xiv)
in Latvia:
(a) uzħēmumu ienākuma nodoklis
(b) iedzīvotāju ienākuma nodoklis
(xv)
in Lithuania:
(a) Gyventojų pajamų mokestis
(b) Pelno mokestis
(xvi) in Luxembourg:
(a) impôt sur le revenu des personnes
physiques
(b) impôt sur le revenu des collectivités
(c) impôt commercial, in so far as this tax is
based on trading profits
(xvii) in Hungary:
(a) személyi jövedelemadó
(b) társasági adó
(c) osztalékadó
(xviii) in Malta:
(a) taxxa fuq l-income
(xix) in the Netherlands:
(a) inkomstenbelasting
(b) vennootschapsbelasting
(xx) in Austria:
(a) Einkommensteuer
(b) Körperschaftsteuer
(xxi) in Poland:
(a) podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych
(b) podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych
(xxii) in Portugal:
(a) imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas
singulares
(b) imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas
colectivas
(c) derrama para os municípios sobre o imposto
sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas
(xxiii) in Romania:
(a) impozitul pe venit
(b) impozitul pe profit
(c) impozitul pe veniturile obținute din
România de nerezidenți
(xxiv) in Slovenia:
(a) dohodnina
(b) davek od dobička pravnih oseb
(xxv) in Slovakia:
(a) daň z príjmov právnických osôb
(b) daň z príjmov fyzických osôb
(xxvi) in Finland:
(a) valtion tuloverot/de statliga inkomstskatterna
(b) yhteisöjen tulovero/inkomstskatten för
samfund
(c) kunnallisvero/kommunalskatten
(d) kirkollisvero/kyrkoskatten
(e) korkotulon lähdevero/källskatten å
ränteinkomst
(f) rajoitetusti verovelvollisen
lähdevero/källskatten för begränsat skattskyldig
(xxvii) in Sweden:
(a) statlig inkomstskatt
(b) kupongskatt
(c) kommunal inkomstskatt
(xxviii) in the United Kingdom:
(a) Income Tax
(b) Corporation Tax.’
(2) In Article 3(1), the list is replaced by
the following:
‘– in Belgium:
De Minister van Financiën or an authorised
representative,
Le Ministre des Finances or an authorised
representative,
– in Bulgaria:
Министъра
на финансите
или негов
упълномощен
представител,
– in the Czech Republic:
Ministr financí or an authorised
representative,
– in Denmark:
Skatteministeren or an authorised
representative,
– in Germany:
Der Bundesminister der Finanzen or an authorised
representative,
– in Estonia:
Rahandusminister or an authorised
representative
– in Ireland:
The Revenue Commissioners or an authorised
representative,
– in Greece:
Ο
Υπουργός των
Οικονομικών or an authorised representative,
– in Spain:
El Ministro de Economía y Hacienda or an
authorised representative,
– in France:
Le Ministre chargé du budget or an authorised
representative,
– in Croatia:
Ministar financija or an authorised
representative,
– in Italy:
Il Capo del Dipartimento per le Politiche Fiscali
or an authorised representative,
– in Cyprus:
Ο Υπουργός Οικονομικών or an authorised representative,
– in Latvia:
Valsts ieņēmumu dienests,
– in Lithuania:
Finansu ministras or an authorised
representative,
– in Luxembourg:
Le Ministre des Finances or an authorised
representative,
– in Hungary:
a pénzügyminiszter or an authorised
representative,
– in Malta:
il-Ministru responsabbli għall-finanzi or an
authorised representative,
– in the Netherlands:
De Minister van Financiën or an authorised
representative,
– in Austria:
Der Bundesminister für Finanzen or an authorised
representative,
– in Poland:
Minister Finansów or an authorised
representative,
– in Portugal:
O Ministro das Finanças or an authorised
representative,
– in Romania:
Preşedintele Agenţiei Naţionale
de Administrare Fiscală sau un reprezentant autorizat,
– in Slovenia:
Ministrstvo za finance or an authorised
representative,
– in Slovakia:
Minister financií or an authorised
representative,
– in Finland:
Valtiovarainministeriö or an authorized
representative,
Finansministeriet or an authorized
representative,
– in Sweden:
Finansministern or an authorized
representative,
– in the United Kingdom:
The Commissioners of Inland Revenue or an
authorised representative.’
Article 2
The texts of the Arbitration Convention and
the Protocol of 25 May 1999, together with the Conventions of 21 December 1995
and of 8 December 2004 and Decision 2008/492/EC drawn up in the Croatian
language[9]
shall be authentic under the same conditions as the other language versions of these
texts.
Article 3
The Arbitration Convention, as amended by
the Protocol of 25 May 1999, the Conventions of 21 December 1995 and of 8
December 2004, Decision 2008/492/EC, as well as this Decision, enters into
force on XXX[date] between
Croatia and each of the other Member States of the European Union.
Article 4
This Decision shall take effect on the day
following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
Done at Brussels,
                                                                       For
the Council
                                                                       The
President
[1]               OJ L […], […], p. […].
[2]               OJ L […], […], p. […].
[3]               Convention on the elimination of double taxation in
connection with the adjustment of profits of associated enterprises (OJ L 225,
20.8.1990, p. 10).
[4]               Protocol amending the Convention of 23 July 1990 on
the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits
of associated enterprises (OJ C 202, 16.7.1999, p. 1).
[5]               Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on the
elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits of
associated enterprises (OJ C 26, 31.1.1996, p. 1).
[6]               Convention on the accession of the Czech Republic,
the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the
Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the
Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic to the
Convention on the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment
of profits of associated enterprise (OJ C 160, 30.6.2005, p. 1).
[7]               Council Decision of 23 June 2008 concerning the
accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the Convention of 23 July 1990 on the
elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits of
associated enterprises (OJ L 174, 3.7.2008, p. 1).
[8]               Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Republic of   Croatia and the adjustments to the Treaty on European Union, the Treaty on
the Functioning of the European Union and the Treaty establishing the European
Atomic Energy Community (OJ L 112, 24.4.2012, p. 21).
[9]               The Croatian texts of the Conventions and Protocol and
of Decision 2008/492/EC shall be published in a special edition of the Official
Journal at a later date.


ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DE LA COMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (79) 219
Vol. 1979/0092
 ---pagebreak--- Disclaimer
Conformément au règlement (CEE, Euratom) n° 354/83 du Conseil du 1er février 1983
concernant l'ouverture au public des archives historiques de la Communauté économique
européenne et de la Communauté européenne de l'énergie atomique (JO L 43 du 15.2.1983,
p. 1), tel que modifié par le règlement (CE, Euratom) n° 1700/2003 du 22 septembre 2003
(JO L 243 du 27.9.2003, p. 1), ce dossier est ouvert au public. Le cas échéant, les documents
classifiés présents dans ce dossier ont été déclassifiés conformément à l'article 5 dudit
règlement.
In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983
concerning the opening to the public of the historical archives of the European Economic
Community and the European Atomic Energy Community (OJ L 43, 15.2.1983, p. 1), as
amended by Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1700/2003 of 22 September 2003 (OJ L 243,
27.9.2003, p. 1), this file is open to the public. Where necessary, classified documents in this
file have been declassified in conformity with Article 5 of the aforementioned regulation.
In Übereinstimmung mit der Verordnung (EWG, Euratom) Nr. 354/83 des Rates vom 1.
Februar 1983 über die Freigabe der historischen Archive der Europäischen
Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft und der Europäischen Atomgemeinschaft (ABI. L 43 vom 15.2.1983,
S. 1), geändert durch die Verordnung (EG, Euratom) Nr. 1700/2003 vom 22. September 2003
(ABI. L 243 vom 27.9.2003, S. 1), ist diese Datei der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Soweit
erforderlich, wurden die Verschlusssachen in dieser Datei in Übereinstimmung mit Artikel 5
der genannten Verordnung freigegeben.
 ---pagebreak---    COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                    COM ( 79 ) 219 final
                                                    Brussels . 26 April 1979
                                  Recommendation for a
                                     COUNCIL DECISION
               concerning the amendment of the tariff concession for
                                          manioc
                   #-3
                   Β!           - '·:.λ Ν
                    S1 -1. ci -
                    Y .
C0M(79 ) 219 final
 ---pagebreak---                             EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1.    During the Kennedy Round negotiations under GATT in 1967 , the Community
bound the 67. duty on imports of manioc under tariff heading 07.06 A, so that
the ceiling for the levy applicable pursuant to Community rules was at the
level of the consolidated rate *
      Although the Kingdom of Thailand is not a member of GATT it benefits
from this binding by virtue of the most - favoured-nation clause®
2m    Since this binding , imports of manioc have increased rapidly .  In 1967
imports from all countries amounted to 672 000 t and those from Thailand to
375 000 t .
      In 1977 imports reached the level of 3 801 000 t from non-member countries
as a whole , of which    3 640 000 t came from Thailand *
3.    Since this development has had consequences for the proper functioning "
of the common organization of the market in cereals and derived products
( pigmeat , etc .), the Commission has during the last two years regularly
pointed out to the Thai authorities that a further increase might force the
 Community to take measures to limit these imports#
                                                    A
4.    Although the Thai Government did take some measures in 1978 to limit
production and therefore the amounts available for export , imports from
Thailand amounted in 1978 to the record figure of 5 553 000 t , compared with
total imports of 5 840 000 t «
 ---pagebreak--- 5,    Since the increase in imports was likely to increase the difficulties
on the internal market , the Commission took the initiative in raising these ^
problems with the Thai authorities * The purpose of the discussions was to
obtain a limitation of imports at reasonable levels acceptable to both
sides .  This initiative was helped by the fact that the Thai Government had
in the meantime taken measures enabling it to supervise and control exports
so that it was in a position to comply with any agreements concluded with
importing countries ,
6,    In the course of exploratory contacts with the Thai Government ,
Mr , Gundelach , Vi ce-President , emphasized the importance and the urgency of
reducing Community imports substantially within a reasonable period , and
the Thai Government agreed to limit the volume of exports for 1979 to that
of 1978 and to start negotiations with the Community with a view to ensuring
a gradual reduction in exports to the EEC from 1980 onwards ( see document in
Annex B describing the results of these contracts ).     This was agreed on the
understanding that the customs duty of 6% would be applicable to the
restricted quantities .
      The Commission will forward to the Council as soon as possible a proposal
on directives for negotiating such an agreement ,
7,    To avoid placing Thailand in a less favourable position than other
suppliers , the tariff concession which at present exists under GATT needs to
                                                    *
be amended , replacing it by binding at the same 6% rate but within the limits
of a tariff quota the volume of which corresponds to Community imports from
the contracting parties to GATT ,
8,    Consequently , the Commission recommends that , under Article 113(3) of the
Treaty , the Council authorize it to conduct the negotiations provided for in
Article XXVIII(1)of the General Agreement with a view to amending the con
cession granted with regard to manioc . The Article 113 Committee will assist
the Commission in the negotiations .
      The Commission hereby forwards to the Council the draft Decision contained
in Annex A ,
 ---pagebreak---                                                             ANFig&A
                    RECOMMENDATION FOR A COUNCIL DECISION
               concerning the amendment - of the tariff concession for manioc
                8SSSS8S8SSSSSSSSSSS5SSSSS58SS8SS3S383S83SS33
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community and
in particular Article 113 thereof ,
Having regard to the recommendation from the Commission ,
Whereas , during the Kennedy Round tariff negotiations concluded in 1967 within
the framework of GATT , the Community bound a customs duty of 6% on manioc ,
arrowroot , salep , Jerusalem artichokes , sweet potatoes and other similar roots
and tubers with high starch or inulin content , fresh or dried, whole or sliced
sago pith ( h'eading No 07*06 A of the Common Customs Tariff ), and whereas such
binding is embodied in the European Economic Community list ( List L XXII -
EEC ) annexed to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ;
Whereas these concessions should be amended;
Whereas , to this end tariff negotiations or consultations must be entered into ,
 pursuant to Article XXVIII of the General Agreement , with the contracting
 parties to GATT which have rights in respect of these concessions,
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS :
                                                     *
                                 Sole Article
The Commission is hereby authorised , pursuant to Article XXVIII of the General
 Agreement , to open tariff negotiations or consultations with the contracting
 parties holding rights , for the purpose of amending the tariff concession in
 respect of the 6% duty on "manioc , arrowroot , salep and other similar roots
 and tubers with high starch content , excluding sweet potatoes " ( heading No
 07.06 A of the Common Customs Tariff ).
 ---pagebreak---                             DRAFT NOTIFICATION
Sir-
with reference to my previous communication dated 19 September 1978 on
the Community 's wish to invoke the provisions of paragraph 5 of Article
XXVIII of the General Agreement , I have the honour of requesting you to
inform the Contracting Parties that the European Economic Community wishes
to conduct negotiations with a view to correcting or amending a concession
contained in the European Economic Community 's list .
The Annexes hereto give the wording and the rate of bound duty for the
concession to be negotiated and statistics on Community imports of the
products concerned .
Formal ending
                                     Signature   *
 ---pagebreak---                                                           ANNEX I
Tariff Heading                  Description                        Bound rate
    07.06      Manioc , arrowroot , salep , Jerusalem artichokes ,
               sweet potatoes and other similar roots and
               tubers with high starch or inulin content , fresh
               or dried , whole or sliced ;   sago pith :
               A * Manioc , arrowroot , salep and other similar
                   roots and tubers with high starch content ,
                   excluding sweet potatoes                            6X
 ---pagebreak---                                                                   ANNEX II
      Statistics of imports of products falling within heading 07.06 A
     from the principal non-Community supplier country and /or direct
                       beneficiaries of concessions
                  Average for the years 1975 - 1976- 1977
                                                           Tonnes          21 000
Extra-EEC                                                 3 002 438        355 475
       of which Thailand                                  2 766 179        324 501
Members of 6ATT                                             232 105         30 398
Principal 6ATT suppliers
       Indonesia                                            169 415         25 399
Direct GATT beneficiary
       Brazi l                                                3 502            856
 ---pagebreak---                                                           ANNEXE B
                              AGREED MINUTES
1 . H.E. Nam Phoonwathu , The Minister of Commerce of Thailand , and
Mr. Finn 0 . Gundelach , Vice-President of the Commission of the European
Communities , met in Bangkok on 21 and 22 March 1979 to discuss , in the
spirit of ASEAN - EEC cooperation , the problems arising from Thai exports
of tapioca products to the Community .
2 . In the light of Community market developments » the Vice-President
stressed the urgent need of achieving a halt in the growth of tapioca imports
falling under Common Customs Tariff Heading No.0706A from Thailand into the
Community and of achieving over a reasonable period of time substantial •
reductions of these imports . These goals should be attained through agreement
between Thailand and the Community .
3 . The Minister stated that any reduction of tapioca exports without suitable
alternatives would create a chain of adverse effects on socio-politico-economic
development and stability not only of Thailand but of the ASEAN region . At
the same time , he recognized the internal problems of the Community and ,
therefore , agreed that tapioca shipments from Thailand to the Community in
1979 would not exceed the total quantity shipped in 1978 and further stated
his willingness to negotiate measures , in a spirit of cooperation , with a
view to ensuring a gradual reduction of the quantity exported to the Community .
4.  The Vice-President noted that the Government of Thailand has taken measures-
to contain the cultivation and production of tapioca products as well as
providing possibilities for stabilizing the exports of these products
particularly through the promulgation of the Royal Decree empowering the
Minister of Commerce to impose desired export quotas , premiums , and other
restrictive measures .
       The Minister emphasized that thi3 Decree was promulgated by the
Government of Thailan » as a demonstration of its good faith towards arriving
at mutually acceptable solutions to the Community 's problems .
 ---pagebreak--- 5 . The Vice-President further noted the willingness of the Government of
Thailand to take , in full cooperation with the Community , appropriate
measures for the diversification of tapioca production towards other crops .
Both sides agreed that such measures should diminish the dependence of
Thailand on tapioca exports to the Community .
       They should however not be implemented in such a way as to adversely
affect Thailand 's balance of payments , or to hamper the economic and social
development and political stability of Thailand .                             •
       The Minister acknowledged that the Community is already making some
contribution towards the goal of diversification and is prepared , within
the means at its disposal , to make substantially larger contributions on
the basis of projects to be submitted by the Government of Thailand .
6 . The Vice-President noted that the Thai Government might consider the
introduction of a levy on tapioca exports which should Result in some
increase in export prices , and that the proceeds from such a levy could be
used for crop diversification and , where necessary , for financing the costs
of absorbing tapioca in excess of requirement , so as to stabilize agricultural
incomes .
7.  The Vice-President informed the Minister of the Commission 's intention
to propose to the Council of the European Communities the engagement of
the procedures necessary under Article XXVIII of the GATT for the deconsolidatior
of the bound rate of duty on tapioca .
       The Vice-President particularly stressed that such action or any other
actions directed towards imports of tapioca would not be taken with the
intention of increasing Community 's protection against Thailand but should
only be seen as measures to prevent other suppliers undermining specific
arrangements with Thailand .
 ---pagebreak--- 8 . It was decided to establish a joint working group to examine and
recommend the modalities to ensure the satisfactory implementation of the
measures envisaged .
9.  The Minister of Commerce of Thailand and the Vice-President will meet
before the end of November 1979 to reach agreement on the arrangement to be
implemented as from the beginning of 1988 and there after , on the basis of
a report of the joint working group .


COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                           COM(94) 531 final
                                                           Brussels, 25.11.1994
                                 Recommendation for a
                                    COUNCIL DECISION
 on signature of the Protocol on energy efficiency and related environmental aspects,
                 associated with the European Energy Charter Treaty
                            (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                                   Recommendation for a
                                     COUNCIL DECISION
on signature of the Protocol on energy efficiency and related environmental aspects,
                 associated with the European Energy Charter Treaty
      On 21 September 1994 the Chairman of the Conference for negotiations on the
      European Energy Charter (hereinafter referred to as "the Conference") sent the
      parties negotiating the European Energy Charter Treaty ("the Charter Treaty") a
      draft Protocol on energy efficiency and related environmental aspects ("the Energy
      Efficiency Protocol"). This draft Protocol associated with the Charter Treaty is
     the result of negotiations conducted in parallel to the negotiations on the Charter
     Treaty itself.
     The procedure for signature of the Charter Treaty by the European Communities
     is under way.1 Now it is time to start the procedure to enable the European
     Communities to sign the Energy Efficiency Protocol at the same time as the
     Charter Treaty at the signature ceremony planned in Lisbon on 17
     December 1994.
     The negotiations on the Energy Efficiency Protocol revealed how difficult it was
     for the various parties to the negotiations to strike a balance. Some wanted no
     more than a declaration with no binding force, while others wished to conclude
     an agreement containing extremely ambitious commitments, particularly on
     cooperation with the Eastern European countries, and imposing extremely strict
     obligations on rational use of energy and environmental protection. In view of
     the situation in most Central and Eastern European countries and in the Republics
     of the former Soviet Union today, the European Communities sought to obtain a
     text balanced enough to enable these countries to make substantial progress, in the
     long term, in the areas covered by the Energy Efficiency Protocol, without
     attempting to impose unrealistic obligations.
     The Commission considers that the annexed draft Energy Efficiency Protocol
     circulated by the Chairman of the Conference meets this concern to strike a
     balance. Signature of this Protocol by the European Communities will also make
     a major contribution to the objectives of the programmes developed to assist these
     countries (PHARE and TAOS) in the areas covered by the Protocol.
     Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament
     COM(94) 405 final of 21 September 1994.
 ---pagebreak--- 4. In accordance with the procedures agreed by the Conference, the text has been
   adopted by written procedure.         In the written adoption procedure, the
   representatives of the Presidency and of the Commission informed the Secrelariat-
   Qeneral of the Conference that the European Communities and their Member
   States considered the negotiations on the Energy Efficiency Protocol completed
   and that the annexed text accurately reflected the outcome of the negotiations.
   Consequently, the Commission confirms its view that the outcome of the
   negotiations puts the European Communities in a position to sign the Energy
   Efficiency Protocol at the same time as signature of the Charter Treaty in Lisbon
   on 17 December 1994.
5. In conclusion, the Commission therefore proposes to the Council:
           to decide on signature of the Protocol on behalf of the European
           Communities;
   and
           to authorize the President of the Council to designate the persons
           empowered to sign on behalf of the European Communities.
 ---pagebreak---           ENERGY CHARTER PROTOCOL ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY
                    AND RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
                                          PREAMBLE
THE CONTRACTING PARTIES to this Protocol,
Having regard to the European Energy Charter adopted in the Concluding Document of the
Hague Conference on the European Energy Charter, signed at The Hague on 17 December
1991; and in particular to the declarations therein that co-operation is necessary in the field
of energy efficiency and related environmental protection;
Having regard also to the Energy Charter Treaty, opened for signature from 17 December
1994 to 16 June 1995;
Mindful of the work undertaken by international organizations and fora in the field of energy
efficiency and environmental aspects of the energy cycle;
Aware of the improvements in supply security, and of the significant economic and
environmental gains, which result from the implementation of cost-effective energy efficiency
measures; and aware of their importance for restructuring economies and improving living
standards;
Recognizing that improvements in energy efficiency reduce negative environmental
consequences of the energy cycle including global warming and acidification;
Convinced that energy prices should reflect as far as possible a competitive market, ensuring
market-oriented price formation, including fuller reflection of environmental costs and
benefits, and recognizing that such price formation is vital to progress in energy efficiency
and associated environmental protection;
Appreciating the vital role of the private sector including small and medium-sized enterprises
in promoting and implementing energy efficiency measures, and intent on ensuring a
favourable institutional framework for economically viable investment in energy efficiency;
Recognizing that commercial forms of co-operation may need to be                complemented
by intergovernmental co-operation, particularly in the area of energy policy formulation and
analysis as well as in other areas which are essential to the enhancement of energy efficiency
but not suitable for private funding; and
Desiring to undertake co-operative and co-ordinated action in the field of energy efficiency
and related environmental protection and to adopt a Protocol providing a framework for using
energy as economically and efficiently as possible:
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS :
 ---pagebreak---                                                f
                                            PARTI
                                      INTRODUCTION
                                          ARTICLE 1
                   SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROTOCOL
(1)    This Protocol defines policy principles for the promotion of energy efficiency as a
       considerable source of energy and for consequently reducing adverse Environmental
       Impacts of energy systems. It furthermore provides guidance on the development of
       energy efficiency programmes, indicates areas of co-operation and provides a
       framework for the development of co-operative and co-ordinated action. Such action
       may include the prospecting for, exploration, production, conversion, storage,
       transport, distribution, and consumption of energy, and may relate to any economic
       sector.
(2)    The objectives of this Protocol are:
       (a)     the promotion of energy efficiency policies consistent with sustainable
               development;
       (b)     the creation of framework conditions which induce producers and consumers
               to use energy as economically, efficiently and environmentally soundly as
               possible, particularly through the organization of efficient energy markets and
               a fuller reflection of environmental costs and benefits; and
       (c)     the fostering of co-operation in the field of energy efficiency.
                                          ARTICLE 2
                                        DEFINITIONS
As used in this Protocol :
(1)    "Charter" means the European Energy Charter adopted in the Concluding Document
       of the Hague Conference on the European Energy Charter signed at The Hague on
       17 December 1991; signature of the Concluding Document is considered to be
       signature of the Charter.
(2)    "Contracting Party" means a state or Regional Economic Integration Organization
      which has consented to be bound by this Protocol and for which the Protocol is in
      force.
(3)    "Regional Economic Integration Organization" means an organization constituted by
       states to which they have transferred competence over certain matters a number of
 ---pagebreak---     which are governed by this Protocol, including the authority to take decisions binding
    on them in respect of those matters.
(4) "Energy Cycle" means the entire energy chain, including activities related to
    prospecting for, exploration, production, conversion, storage, transport, distribution and
    consumption of the various forms of energy, and the treatment and disposal of
    wastes, as well as the decomissioning, cessation or closure of these activities,
    minimizing harmful Environmental Impacts.
(5) "Cost-Effectiveness" means to achieve a defined objective at the lowest cost or to
    achieve the greatest benefit at a given cost.
(6) "Improving Energy Efficiency" means acting to maintain the same unit of output (of
    a good or service) without reducing the quality or performance of the output, while
    reducing the amount of energy required to produce that output.
(7) "Environmental Impact" means any effect caused by a given activity on the
    environment, including human health and safety, flora, fauna, soil, air, water, climate,
    landscape and historical monuments or other physical structures or the interactions
    among these factors; it also includes effects on cultural heritage or socio-economic
    conditions resulting from alterations to those factors.
 ---pagebreak---                                               <r.
                                           PARTH
                                   POLICY PRINCIPLES
                                         ARTICLE 3
                                    BASIC PRINCIPLES
Contracting Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
(1)    Contracting Parties shall co-operate and, as appropriate, assist each other in
       developing and implementing energy efficiency policies, laws and regulations.
(2)    Contracting Parties shall establish energy efficiency policies and appropriate legal and
       regulatory frameworks which promote, inter alia:
       (a)     efficient functioning of market mechanisms including market-oriented price
               formation and a fuller reflection of environmental costs and benefits;
       (b)     reduction of barriers to energy efficiency, thus stimulating investments;
       (c)     mechanisms for financing energy efficiency initiatives;
       (d)     education and awareness;
       (e)     dissemination and transfer of technologies;
       (f)     transparency of legal and regulatory frameworks.
(3)    Contracting Parties shall strive to achieve the full benefit of energy efficiency
       throughout the Energy Cycle. To this end they shall, to the best of their competence,
       formulate and implement energy efficiency policies and co-operative or co-ordinated
       actions based on Cost-Effectiveness and economic efficiency, taking due account of
       environmental aspects.
(4)    Energy efficiency policies shall include both short-term measures for the adjustment
       of previous practices and long-term measures to improve energy efficiency throughout
       the Energy Cycle.
(5)    When co-operating to achieve the objectives of this Protocol, Contracting Parties shall
       take into account the differences in adverse effects and abatement costs between
       Contracting Parties.
(6)    Contracting Parties recognize the vital role of the private sector. They shall encourage
       action by energy utilities, responsible authorities and specialised agencies, and close
       co-operation between industry and administrations.
 ---pagebreak---                                                f
(7)     Co-operative or co-ordinated action shall take into account relevant principles adopted
        in international agreements, aimed at protection and improvement of the environment,
        to which Contracting Parties are parties.
(8)     Contracting Parties shall take full advantage of the work and expertise of competent
        international or other bodies and shall take care to avoid duplication.
                                            ARTICLE 4
               DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY AND CO-ORDINATION
Each Contracting Party shall strive to ensure that energy efficiency policies are co-ordinated
among all of its responsible authorities.
                                            ARTICLE 5
                             STRATEGIES AND POLICY AIMS
Contracting Parties shall formulate strategies and policy aims for Improving Energy Efficiency
and thereby reducing Environmental Impacts of the Energy Cycle as appropriate in relation
to their own specific energy conditions. These strategies and policy aims shall be transparent
to all interested parties.
                                            ARTICLE 6
                       FINANCING AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
(1)      Contracting Parties shall encourage the implementation of new approaches and
         methods for financing energy efficiency and energyrelated environmental protection
         investments, such as joint venture arrangements between energy users and external
         investors (hereinafter referred to as "Third Party Financing").
(2)      Contracting Parties shall endeavour to take advantage of and promote access to private
         capital markets and existing international financing institutions in order to facilitate
         investments in Improving Energy Efficiency and in environmental protection related
         to energy efficiency.
(3)      Contracting Parties may, subject to the provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty and
         to their other international legal obligations, provide fiscal or financial incentives to
         energy users in order to facilitate market penetration of energy efficiency technologies,
         products and services. They shall strive to do so in a manner that both ensures
         transparency and minimizes thé distortion of international markets.
 ---pagebreak---                                     ARTICLE 7
          PROMOTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY
(1) Consistent with the provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty, Contracting Parties shall
    encourage commercial trade and co-operation in energy efficient and environmentally
    sound technologies, energy related services and management practices.
(2) Contracting Parties shall promote the use of these technologies, services and
    management practices throughout the Energy Cycle.
                                    ARTICLE 8
                           DOMESTIC PROGRAMMES
(1) In order to achieve the policy aims formulated according to Article 5, each
    Contracting Party shall develop, implement and regularly update energy efficiency
    programmes best suited to its circumstances.
(2) These programmes may include activities such as the:
    (a)    development of long-term energy demand and supply scenarios to guide
           decision-making;
    (b)    assessment of the energy, environmental and economic impact of actions taken;
    (c)    definition of standards designed to improve the efficiency of energy using
           equipment, and efforts to harmonize these internationally to avoid trade
           distortions;
    (d)    development and encouragement of private initiative and industrial co-
           operation, including joint ventures;
    (e)    promotion of the use of the most energy efficient technologies that are
           economically viable and environmentally sound;
    (f)    encouragement of innovative approaches for investments in energy efficiency
           improvements, such as Third Party Financing and co-financing;
    (g)    development of appropriate energy balances and data bases, for example with
           data on energy demand at a sufficiently detailed level and on technologies for
           Improving Energy Efficiency;
    (h)    promotion of the creation of advisory and consultancy services which may be
           operated by public or private industry or utilities and which provide
           information about energy efficiency programmes and technologies, and assist
           consumers and enterprises;
 ---pagebreak---                                           -s
    (i)    support and promotion of cogeneration and of measures to increase the
           efficiency of district heat production and distribution systems to buildings and
           industry;
    (j)    establishment of specialized energy efficiency bodies at appropriate levels, that
           are sufficiently funded and staffed to develop and implement policies.
(3) In implementing their energy efficiency programmes, Contracting Parties shall ensure
    that adequate institutional and legal infrastructures exist.
 ---pagebreak---                                           PARTffl
                          INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION
                                         ARTICLED
                               AREAS OF CO-OPERATION
The co-operation between Contracting Parties may take any appropriate form. Areas of
possible co-operation are listed in the Annex.
 ---pagebreak---                                           yH
                                      PART IV
              ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ARRANGEMENTS
                                    ARTICLE 10
                   ROLE OF THE CHARTER CONFERENCE
(1) All decisions made by the Charter Conference in accordance with this Protocol shall
    be made by only those Contracting Parties to the Energy Charter Treaty who are
    Contracting Parties to this Protocol.
(2) The Charter Conference shall endeavour to adopt, within 180 days after the entry into
    force of this Protocol, procedures for keeping under review and facilitating the
    implementation of its provisions, including reporting requirements, as well as for
    identifying areas of co-operation in accordance with Article 9.
                                    ARTICLE 11
                        SECRETARIAT AND FINANCING
(1) The Secretariat established under Article 35 of the Energy Charter Treaty shall provide
    the Charter Conference with all necessary assistance for the performance of its duties
    under this Protocol and provide such other services in support of the Protocol as may
    be required from time to time, subject to approval by the Charter Conference.
(2) The costs of the Secretariat and Charter Conference arising from this Protocol shall
    be met by the Contracting Parties to this Protocol according to their capacity to pay,
    determined according to the formula specified in Annex B to the Energy Charter
    Treaty.
                                     ARTICLE 12
                                       VOTING
(1) Unanimity of Contracting Parties Present and Voting at the meeting of the Charter
    Conference where such matters fall to be decided shall be required for decisions to:
    (a)     adopt amendments to this Protocol; and
    (b)     approve accessions to this Protocol under Article Vf.
     Contracting Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement by consensus on any
     other matter requiring their decision under this Protocol. If agreement cannot be
     reached by consensus, decisions on non-budgetary matters shall be taken by a three-
 ---pagebreak---                                           - 1*-
    fourths majority of Contracting Parties Present and Voting at the meeting of the
    Charter Conference at which such matters fall to be decided.
    Decisions on budgetary matters shall be taken by a qualified majority of Contracting
    Parties whose assessed contributions under Article 11(2) represent, in combination, at
    least three-fourths of the total assessed contributions.
(2) For purposes of this Article, "Contracting Parties Present and Voting" means
    Contracting Parties to this Protocol present and casting affirmative or negative votes,
    provided that the Charter Conference may decide upon rules of procedure to enable
    such decisions to be taken by Contracting Parties by correspondence.
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (1) in relation to budgetary matters, no decision
    referred to in this Article shall be valid unless it has the support of a simple majority
    of Contracting Parties.
(4) A Regional Economic Integration Organization shall, when voting, have a number of
    votes equal to the number of its member states which are Contracting Parties to this
    Protocol; provided that such an Organization shall not exercise its right to vote if its
    member states exercise theirs, and vice versa.
(5) In the event of persistent arrears in a Contracting Party's discharge of financial
    obligations under this Protocol, the Charter Conference may suspend that Contracting
    Party's voting rights in whole or in part.
                                      ARTICLE 13
               RELATION TO THE ENERGY CHARTER TREATY
(1) In the event of inconsistency between the provisions of this Protocol and the
    provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty, the provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty
    shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, prevail.
(2) Article 10(1) and Article 12(1) to (3) shall not apply to votes in the Charter
    Conference on amendments to this Protocol which assign duties or functions to the
    Charter Conference or the Secretariat, the establishment of which is provided for in
    the Energy Charter Treaty.
 ---pagebreak---                                               3
                                           PART V
                                   FINAL PROVISIONS
                                        ARTICLE 14
                                        SIGNATURE
This Protocol shall be open for signature at Lisbon from 17 December 1994 to 16 June 1995
by the states and Regional Economic Integration Organizations whose representatives have
signed the Charter and the Energy Charter Treaty.
                                        ARTICLE 15
                   RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE OR APPROVAL
This Protocol shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by signatories.
Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Depositary.
                                        ARTICLE 16
                                        ACCESSION
This Protocol shall be open for accession, from the date on which the Protocol is closed for
signature, by states and Regional Economic Integration Organizations which have signed the
Charter and are Contracting Parties to the Energy Charter Treaty, on terms to be approved by
the Charter Conference. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.
                                         ARTICLE 17
                                      AMENDMENTS
(1)    Any Contracting Party may propose amendments to this Protocol.
(2)    The text of any proposed amendment to this Protocol shall be communicated to
        Contracting Parties by the Secretariat at least three months before the date on which
       it is proposed for adoption by the Charter Conference.
(3)    Amendments to this Protocol, texts of which have been adopted by the Charter
        Conference, shall be communicated by the Secretariat to the Depositary which shall
        submit them to all Contracting Parties for ratification, acceptance or approval.
(4)    Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of amendments to this Protocol
        shall be deposited with the Depositary. Amendments shall enter into force between
 ---pagebreak---                                                f
       Contracting Parties having ratified, accepted or approved them on the thirtieth day
       after deposit with the Depositary of instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval
       by at least three-fourths of the Contracting Parties. Thereafter the amendments shall
       enter into force for any other Contracting Party on the thirtieth day after that
       Contracting Party deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the
       amendments.
                                        ARTICLE 18
                                   ENTRY INTO FORCE
(1)    This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit of the
       fifteenth instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval thereof, or of accession
       thereto, by a state or Regional Economic Integration Organization which is a signatory
       to the Charter and a Contracting Party to the Energy Charter Treaty or on the same
       date as the Energy Charter Treaty enters into force, whichever is later.
(2)    For each state or Regional Economic Integration Organization for which the Energy
       Charter Treaty has entered into force and which ratifies, accepts, or approves this
       Protocol or accedes thereto after the Protocol has entered into force in accordance with
       paragraph (1), the Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of
       deposit by such state or Regional Economic Integration Organization of its instrument
       of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
(3)    For the purposes of paragraph (1), any instrument deposited by a Regional Economic
       Integration Organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by
       member states of such Organization.
                                        ARTICLE 19
                                      RESERVATIONS
No reservations may be made to this Protocol.
                                        ARTICLE 20
                                       WITHDRAWAL
(1)    At any. time after this Protocol has entered into force for a Contracting Party, that
       Contracting Party may give written notification to the Depositary of its withdrawal
       from the Protocol.
(2)    Any Contracting Party which withdraws from the Energy Charter Treaty shall be
       considered as also having withdrawn from this Protocol.
 ---pagebreak---                                               IT-
(3)    The effective date of withdrawal under paragraph (1) shall be ninety days after receipt
       of notification by the Depositary. The effective date of withdrawal under paragraph(2)
       shall be the same as the effective date of withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty.
                                        ARTICLE 21
                                       DEPOSITARY
The Government of the Portuguese Republic shall be the Depositary of this Protocol.
                                        ARTICLE 22
                                   AUTHENTIC TEXTS
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this
Protocol in English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish, of which every text is
equally authentic, in one original, which will be deposited with the Government of the
Portuguese Republic.
Done at Lisbon on the seventeenth day of December in the year one thousand nine hundred
and ninety-four.
 ---pagebreak---                                                \é-
                                                                                ANNEX
                    ILLUSTRATIVE AND NON-EXHAUSTIVE LIST
     OF POSSIBLE AREAS OF CO-OPERATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 9
Development of energy efficiency programmes, including identifying energy efficiency
barriers and potentials, and the development of energy labelling and efficiency standards;
Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of the Energy Cycle;
Development of economic, legislative and regulatory measures;
Technology transfer, technical assistance and industrial joint ventures subject to international
property rights regimes and other applicable international agreements;
Research and development;
Education, training, information and statistics;
Identification and assessment of measures such as fiscal or other market-based instruments,
including tradeable permits to take account of external, notably environmental, costs and
benefits.
Energy analysis and policy formulation:
        assessment of energy efficiency potentials;
        energy demand analysis and statistics;
        development of legislative and regulatory measures;
        integrated resource planning and demand side management;
        Environmental Impact assessment, including major energy projects.
Evaluation of economic instruments for Improving Energy Efficiency and environmental
objectives.
Energy efficiency analysis in refining, conversion, transport and distribution of hydro-carbons.
Improving Energy Efficiency in power generation and transmission:
        cogeneration;
        plant component (boilers, turbines, generators, etc);
        network integration.
Improving Energy Efficiency in the building sector:
        thermal insulation standards, passive solar and ventilation;
        space heating and air conditioning systems;
 ---pagebreak---                                               f
       high efficiency low NOx burners;
       metering technologies and individual metering;
       domestic appliances and lighting.
Municipalities and local community services:
       district heating systems;
-      efficient gas distribution systems;
       energy planning technologies;
       twinning of towns or of other relevant territorial entities;
-      energy management in cities and in public buildings;
       waste management and energy recovery of waste.
Improving Energy Efficiency in the industrial sector:
       joint ventures;
       energy cascading, cogeneration and waste heat recovery;
       energy audits.
Improving Energy Efficiency in the transport sector:
       motor vehicle performance standards;
       development of efficient transport infrastructures.
Information:
       awareness creation;
       data bases: access, technical specifications, information systems;
       dissemination, collection and collation of technical information;
       behavioural studies.
Training and education:
       exchanges of energy managers, officials, engineers and students;
       organization of international training courses.
Financing:
       development of legal framework;
       Third Party Financing;
       joint ventures;
       co-financing.
 ---pagebreak---                                                 I*
                                                                     ISSN 0254-1475
                                                                      E
                                Catalogue number : CB-CO-94-552-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-82691-6
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
Lr2985 Luxembourg