Avis juridique important

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31995L0054

Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers

Official Journal L 266 , 08/11/1995 P. 0001 - 0066

COMMISSION DIRECTIVE  95/54/ECof 31 October 1995adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the  approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference  produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on  the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles  and their trailersTHE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, Having regard to Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970 on the approximation of the laws  of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (1), as  last amended by Commission Directive 93/81/EEC (2), and in particular Article 13 (2) thereof, Having regard to Council Directive 72/245/EEC of 20 June 1972 on the approximation of the laws of  the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition  engines fitted to motor vehicles (3), as amended by Commission Directive 89/491/EEC (4), and in  particular Article 4 thereof, Whereas Directive 72/245/EEC is one of the separate directives of the EEC type-approval procedure  which was established pursuant to Directive 70/156/EEC; whereas, consequently, the provisions laid  down in Directive 70/156/EEC relating to vehicle systems, components and separate technical units  apply to this Directive; Whereas, in particular, Articles 3 (4) and 4 (3) of Directive 70/156/EEC require each separate  directive to have attached to it an information document incorporating the relevant items of Annex  I to that Directive and also a type-approval certificate based on Annex VI thereto in order that  type-approval may be computerized; Whereas Directive 72/245/EEC contained the earliest measures endeavouring to bring about a basic  electromagnetic compatibility regarding radio interference, since which time technical progress has  increased the complexity and diversity of electrical and electronic equipment; Whereas, in view of the increasing concern about the technological developments in electrical and  electronic equipment and the need to ensure the general compatibility of different electrical and  electronic equipment, Council Directive 89/336/EEC (5), as last amended by Directive 93/68/EEC (6),  laid down general provisions regarding electromagnetic compatibility for all products; Whereas Directive 89/336/EEC established the rule that, in so far as protection requirements  specified in that Directive were harmonized, its general provisions would not apply or would cease  to apply with regard to apparatus covered by specific directives; Whereas in the field of vehicles, their components and separate technical units, it is necessary to  envisage a specific directive within the framework of the system for European type-approval which  provides for approvals granted by designated national authorities to harmonized technical  requirements; Whereas Directive 72/245/EEC should become such a specific directive; Whereas reference is made to electromagnetic compatibility in other directives relating to  vehicles, their components and separate technical units, within the framework of Directive  70/156/EEC; Whereas the technical requirements relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic  compatibility) of vehicles, their components and systems should be governed from 1 January 1996  solely by the provisions of Directive 72/245/EEC; Whereas it is necessary to amend Directive 70/156/EEC to reflect the extension of Directive  72/245/EEC to all vehicle categories; Whereas it is necessary to refer to Council Directive 72/306/EEC (1), as amended by Directive  89/491/EEC, in order to distinguish between spark and compression ignition engines; Whereas the measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance with the opinion of the  Committee for Adaptation to Technical Progress established by Directive 70/156/EEC, HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Article 1Directive 72/245/EEC is hereby amended as follows: 1. the title shall be replaced by the following: 'Council Directive 72/245/EEC of 20 June 1972 relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic  compatibility) of vehicles'; 2. Article 1 shall be replaced by the following: 'Article 1For the purpose of this Directive, "vehicle" means any vehicle as defined in Directive  70/156/EEC.'; 3. Article 2 shall be replaced by the following: 'Article 2No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type-approval or national type-approval of a  vehicle, component or separate technical unit on grounds relating to electromagnetic compatibility  if the requirements of this Directive are fulfilled.'; 4. Article 3 shall be replaced by the following: 'Article 31. This Directive shall constitute a "specific directive" for the purposes of Article 2  (2) of Council Directive 89/336/EEC (*) with effect from 1 January 1996. 2. Vehicles, components or separate technical units approved pursuant to this Directive shall be  considered to fulfil the provisions of other directives, cited in Annex IV to Council Directive  92/53/EEC (**), which refer to electromagnetic compatibility. (*) OJ No L 139, 23. 5. 1989, p. 19. (**) OJ No L 225, 10. 8. 1992, p. 1.'; 5. The Annexes shall be replaced by the Annex to this Directive. Article 21. With effect from 1 December 1995, Member States may not, on grounds relating to  electromagnetic compatibility: - refuse, in respect of any given type of vehicle, to grant EEC type-approval or national  type-approval, - refuse, in respect of any given type of component or separate technical unit, to grant EEC  component or technical unit type-approval, or- prohibit the registration, sale or entry into  service of vehicles, - prohibit the sale or use of components or separate technical units, if the vehicles, components or separate technical units comply with the requirements of Directive  72/245/EEC as amended by this Directive. 2. With effect from 1 January 1996, Member States: - shall no longer grant EEC vehicle type-approval, EEC component type-approval or EEC separate  technical unit type-approval, and- may refuse to grant national type-approval, for any type of vehicle, component or separate technical unit on grounds relating to  electromagnetic compatibility, if the requirements of Directive 72/245/EEC, as amended by this  Directive, are not fulfilled. 3. Paragraph 2 shall not apply to vehicle types approved before 1 January 1996 pursuant to  Directive 72/306/EEC nor to any subsequent extensions to these approvals. 4. With effect from 1 October 2002, Member States: - shall consider certificates of conformity which accompany new vehicles in accordance with the  provisions of Directive 70/156/EEC to be no longer valid for the purposes of Article 7 (1) of that  Directive, - may refuse the registration, sale or entry into service of new vehicles which are not accompanied  by a certificate of conformity in accordance with Directive 70/156/EEC, and- may refuse the sale  and entry into service of new electrical/electronic sub-assemblies as components or separate  technical unit, if the requirements of this Directive are not fulfilled. 5. With effect from 1 October 2002 the requirements of Directive 72/245/EEC, relating to  electrical/electronic sub-assemblies as components or separate technical units, as amended by this  Directive, are applicable for the purposes of Article 7 (2) of Directive 70/156/EEC. 6. Notwithstanding paragraphs 2 and 5, for the purposes of replacement parts, Member States shall  continue to grant EEC type approval and to permit the sale and entry into service of components or  separate technical units intended for use on vehicle types which have been approved before 1  January 1996 pursuant to either Directive 72/245/EEC or Directive 72/306/EEC and, where applicable,  subsequent extensions to these approvals. Article 3Item No 10 of Part I of Annex IV to Directive 70/156/EEC shall be amended to include an  'X' in each of the columns for vehicle category 0 under the heading 'Applicability'. Article 41. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative  provisions necessary to comply with this Directive before 1 December 1995. They shall forthwith  inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these provisions, these shall contain a reference to this Directive or  shall be accompanied by such reference at the time of their official publication. The procedure for  such reference shall be adopted by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the main provisions of national  law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 5This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the  Official Journal of the European Communities. Article 6This Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 31 October 1995. For the CommissionMartin BANGEMANNMember of the Commission(1) OJ No L 42,  23. 2. 1970, p. 1. (2) OJ No L 264, 23. 10. 1993, p. 49. (3) OJ No L 152, 6. 7. 1972, p. 15. (4) OJ No L 238, 15. 8. 1989, p. 43. (5) OJ No L 139, 23. 5. 1989, p. 19. (6) OJ No L 220, 30. 8. 1993, p. 1. (1) OJ No L 190, 20. 8. 1972, p. 1.  ANNEX I REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET BY VEHICLES AND ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SUB-ASSEMBLIES  FITTED TO A VEHICLE 1. Scope1.1. This Directive applies to the electromagnetic compatibility of  vehicles covered in Article 1, being vehicles or trailers (hereinafter referred to as vehicle(s))  as supplied by the vehicle manufacturer and to components or separate technical units intended for  fitment in vehicles. 2. Definitions2.1. For the purposes of this Directive: 2.1.1. 'Electromagnetic compatibility' means the ability of a vehicle or component(s) or separate  technical unit(s) to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing  intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment. 2.1.2. 'Electromagnetic disturbance' means any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the  performance of a vehicle or component(s) or separate technical unit(s). An electromagnetic  disturbance may be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propagation medium  itself. 2.1.3. 'Electromagnetic immunity' means the ability of a vehicle or component(s) or separate  technical unit(s) to perform without degradation of performance in the presence of specified  electromagnetic disturbances. 2.1.4. 'Electromagnetic environment' means the totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a  given location. 2.1.5. 'Reference limit' means the nominal level to which type approval and conformity of  production limit values are referenced. 2.1.6. 'Reference antenna' for the frequency range 20 to 80 MHz: means a shortened balanced dipole  being a half wave resonant dipole at 80 MHz, and for the frequency range above 80 MHz: means a  balanced half wave resonant dipole tuned to the measurement frequency. 2.1.7. 'Broadband emission' means an emission which has a bandwidth greater than that of a  particular measuring apparatus or receiver. 2.1.8. 'Narrowband emission' means an emission which has a bandwidth less than that of a particular  measuring apparatus or receiver. 2.1.9. 'Electrical/electronic system' means (an) electrical and/or electronic device(s) or set(s)  of devices together with any associated electrical connections which form part of a vehicle but  which are not intended to be type approved separately from the vehicle. 2.1.10. 'Electrical/electronic sub-assembly' (ESA) means an electrical and/or electronic device or  set(s) of devices intended to be part of a vehicle, together with any associated electrical  connections and wiring, which performs one or more specialized functions. An ESA may be approved at  the request of a manufacturer as either a 'component' or a 'separate technical unit (STU)' (see  Directive 70/156/EEC, Article 2). 2.1.11. 'Vehicle type' in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means vehicles which do not  differ essentially in such respects as: 2.1.11.1. the overall size and shape of the engine compartment; 2.1.11.2. the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components and the general  wiring arrangement; 2.1.11.3. the primary material of which the body or shell (if applicable) of the vehicle is  constructed (for example, a steel, aluminium or fibreglass body shell). The presence of panels of  different material does not change the vehicle type provided the primary material of the body is  unchanged. However, such variations must be notified. 2.1.12. An 'ESA type' in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means ESAs which do not differ  in such essential respects as: 2.1.12.1. the function performed by the ESA; 2.1.12.2. the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components, if applicable. 3. Application for EEC type-approval3.1. Approval of a vehicle type3.1.1. The application for  approval of a vehicle type, with regard to its electromagnetic compatibility pursuant to Article 3  (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer. 3.1.2. A model for the information document is given in Annex IIA. 3.1.3. The vehicle manufacturer shall draw up a schedule describing all projected combinations of  relevant vehicle electrical/electronic systems or ESAs, body styles (1), variations in body  material (1), general wiring arrangements, engine variations, left-hand/right-hand drive versions  and wheelbase versions. Relevant vehicle electrical/electronic systems or ESAs are those which may  emit significant broadband or narrowband radiation and/or those which are involved in the driver's  direct control (see paragraph 6.4.2.3 of this Annex) of the vehicle. 3.1.4. A representative vehicle shall be selected from this schedule for the purpose of being  tested, in mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the competent authority. This vehicle  shall represent the vehicle type (see Appendix 1 to Annex IIA). The choice of vehicle shall be  based on the electrical/electronic systems offered by the manufacturer. One more vehicle may be  selected from this schedule for the purpose of being tested if it is considered by mutual agreement  between the manufacturer and the competent authority that different electrical/electronic systems  are included which are likely to have a significant effect on the vehicle's electromagnetic  compatibility compared with the first representative vehicle. 3.1.5. The choice of the vehicle(s) in conformity with paragraph 3.1.4 is limited to  vehicle/electrical/electronic system combinations intended for actual production. 3.1.6. The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from tests which have been  carried out. Any such data provided may be used by the approval authority for the purpose of  drawing up the type-approval certificate. 3.1.7. If the technical service responsible for the type-approval test carries out the test itself,  then a vehicle representative of the type to be approved, according to paragraph 3.1.4 shall be  provided. 3.2. Approval of a type of ESA3.2.1. The application for approval of a type of ESA with regard to  its electromagnetic compatibility pursuant to Article 3 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC shall be  submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by the manufacturer of the ESA. 3.2.2. A model for the information document is given in Annex IIB. 3.2.3. The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from tests which have been  carried out. Any such data provided may be used by the approval authority for the purpose of  drawing up the type-approval certificate. 3.2.4. If the technical service responsible for the type-approval test carries out the test itself,  then a sample of the ESA system representative of the type to be approved shall be provided, if  necessary, after discussion with the manufacturer on, for example, possible variations in the  layout, number of components, number of sensors. If the technical service deems it necessary, it  may select a further sample. 3.2.5. The sample(s) must be clearly and indelibly marked with the manufacturer's trade name or  mark and the type designation. 3.2.6. Where applicable, any restrictions on use should be identified. Any such restrictions should  be included in Annexes IIB and/or IIIB. 4. Type-approval4.1. Routes to type-approval4.1.1. Type-approval of a vehicleThe following  alternative routes to type-approval of a vehicle may be used at the discretion of the vehicle  manufacturer. 4.1.1.1. Approval of a vehicle installationA vehicle installation may achieve type-approval  directly by following the provisions laid down in paragraph 6 of this Annex. If this route is  chosen by a vehicle manufacturer, no separate testing of electrical/electronic systems or ESAs is  required. 4.1.1.2. Approval of vehicle type by testing of individual ESAsA vehicle manufacturer may obtain  approval for the vehicle by demonstrating to the approval authority that all the relevant (see  paragraph 3.1.3 of this Annex) electrical/electronic systems or ESAs have individually been  approved in accordance with this Directive and have been installed in accordance with any  conditions attached thereto. 4.1.1.3. A manufacturer, if he wishes, may obtain approval to this Directive if the vehicle has no  equipment of the type which is subject to immunity or emission tests. The vehicle shall have no  systems as specified in paragraph 3.1.3 (immunity) and no spark ignition equipment. Such approvals  do not require testing. 4.1.2. Type-approval of an ESAType-approval may be granted to an ESA to be fitted either to any  vehicle type or to a specific vehicle type or types requested by the manufacturer. ESAs involved in  the direct control of vehicles will normally receive type-approval in conjunction with a vehicle  manufacturer. 4.2. Granting of type-approval4.2.1. Vehicle4.2.1.1. If the representative vehicle fulfils the  requirements of this Directive, EEC type-approval pursuant to Article 4 (3), and if applicable,  Article 4 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC shall be granted. 4.2.1.2. A model for the EEC type-approval certificate is given in Annex IIIA. 4.2.2. ESA4.2.2.1. If the representative ESA system(s) fulfil(s) the requirements of this  Directive, EEC type-approval pursuant to Article 4 (3), and if applicable, Article 4 (4) of  Directive 70/156/EEC shall be granted. 4.2.2.2. A model for the EEC type-approval certificates is given in Annex IIIB. 4.2.3. In order to draw up the certificates referred to in paragraph 4.2.1.2 or 4.2.2.2, the  competent authority of the Member State granting the approval may use a report prepared by an  approved or recognized laboratory or in accordance with the provisions of this Directive. 4.3. Amendments to approvals4.3.1. In the case of amendments to approvals granted pursuant to this  Directive, the provisions of Article 5 of Directive 70/156/EEC shall apply. 4.3.2. Amendment of a vehicle type-approval by ESA addition or substitution. 4.3.2.1. Where a vehicle manufacturer has obtained approval for a vehicle installation and wishes  to fit an additional or substitutional electrical/electronic system or ESA which has already  received approval pursuant to this Directive, and which will be installed in accordance with any  conditions attached thereto, the vehicle approval may be amended without further testing. The  additional or substitutional electrical/electronic system or ESA shall be considered as part of the  vehicle for conformity of production purposes. 4.3.2.2. Where the additional or substitutional part(s) has (have) not received approval pursuant  to this Directive, and if testing is considered necessary, the whole vehicle shall be deemed to  comply if the new or revised part(s) can be shown to comply with the relevant requirements of  paragraph 6 or if, in a comparative test, the new part can be shown not to be likely to adversely  affect compliance of the vehicle type. 4.3.2.3. The addition by a vehicle manufacturer to an approved vehicle of standard domestic or  business equipment, other than mobile communication equipment (*) which complies with Directive  89/336/EEC, and is installed according to the recommendations of the equipment and vehicle  manufacturers, or the substitution or removal thereof, shall not invalidate the vehicle approval.  This shall not preclude vehicle manufacturers fitting communication equipment with suitable  installations guidelines developed by the vehicle manufacturer and/or manufacturer(s) of such  communication equipment. The vehicle manufacturer shall provide evidence (if requested by the test  authority) that vehicle performance is not adversely affected by such transmitters. This can be a  statement that the power levels and installation are such that the immunity levels of this  Directive offer sufficient protection when subject to transmission alone, i.e. excluding  transmission in conjunction with the tests specified in paragraph 6. This Directive does not  authorize the use of a communication transmitter when other requirements on such equipment or its  use apply. A vehicle manufacturer may refuse to install in his vehicle standard domestic or  business equipment which complies with Directive 89/336/EEC. 5. Marking5.1. Every ESA conforming to a type approved pursuant to this Directive shall bear an  EEC type-approval mark. 5.2. This mark shall consist of a rectangle surrounding the letter 'e' followed by the  distinguishing number or letters of the Member State which has granted type-approval: 1 Germany2 France3 Italy4 the Netherlands6 Belgium9 Spain11 the United Kingdom13  Luxembourg18 Denmark21 Portugal23 GreeceIRL IrelandIt must also include in the vicinity of the  rectangle the four-digit sequential number (with leading zeros as applicable) - hereinafter  referred to as 'base approval number' - contained in Section 4 of the type-approval number shown on  the EEC type-approval certificate issued for the type of device in question (see Annex IIIB),  preceded by the two figures indicating the sequence number assigned to the most recent major  technical amendment to Directive 72/245/EEC on the date EEC component type-approval was granted. In  this Directive the sequence number is 02. 5.3. The EEC type-approval mark must be affixed to the main part of the ESA (e.g. the electronic  control unit) in such a way as to be clearly legible and indelible. 5.4. An example of the EEC type-approval mark is shown in Appendix 7. 5.5. No marking is required for electrical/electronic systems included in vehicle types approved by  this Directive. 5.6. Markings on ESAs in compliance with paragraph 5.3 need not be visible when the ESA is  installed in a vehicle. 6. Specifications6.1. General specification6.1.1. A vehicle (and its electrical/electronic  system(s) or ESAs) shall be so designed, constructed and fitted as to enable the vehicle, in normal  conditions of use, to comply with the requirements of this Directive. 6.2. Specifications concerning broadband electromagnetic radiation from vehicles fitted with spark  ignition. 6.2.1. Method of measurementThe electromagnetic radiation generated by the vehicle representative  of its type shall be measured using the method described in Annex IV at either of the defined  antenna distances. The choice shall be made by the vehicle manufacturer. 6.2.2. Vehicle broadband reference limits6.2.2.1. If measurements are made using the method  described in Annex IV using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation reference  limits shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 34 to  45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 180 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit  increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in Appendix 1 to this  Annex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m (180  microvolts/m). 6.2.2.2. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex IV using a vehicle-to-antenna  spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation reference limits shall be 44 dB microvolts/m (160  microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 44 to 55 dB microvolts/m (160 to 562  microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly)  with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in Appendix 2 to this Annex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz  frequency band the limit remains constant at 55 dB microvolts/m (562 microvolts/m). 6.2.2.3. On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values, expressed in dB  microvolts/m, (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits. 6.3. Specifications concerning narrowband electromagnetic radiation from vehicles. 6.3.1. Method of measurementThe electromagnetic radiation generated by the vehicle repesentative  of its type shall be measured using the method described in Annex V at either of the defined  antenna distances. The choice shall be made by the vehicle manufacturer. 6.3.2. Vehicle narrowband reference limits6.3.2.1. If measurements are made using the method  described in Annex V using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation-reference  limits shall be 24 dB microvolts/m (16 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 24 to  35 dB microvolts/m (15 to 56 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit  increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in Appendix 3 of this  Annex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 35 dB microvolts/m (56  microvolts/m). 6.3.2.2. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex V using a vehicle-to-antenna  spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation reference limit shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50  microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 34 to 45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 180  microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly)  with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in Appendix 4 to this Annex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz  frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m (180 microvolts/m). 6.3.2.3. On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values, expressed in dB  microvolts/m (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limit. 6.3.2.4. Notwithstanding the limits defined in paragraphs 6.3.2.1, 6.3.2.2 and 6.3.2.3 of this  Annex, if, during the initial step described in Annex V, paragraph 1.3, the signal strength  measured at the vehicle broadcast radio antenna is less than 20 dB microvolts (10 microvolts) over  the frequency range 88 to 108 MHz, then the vehicle shall be deemed to comply with the limits for  narrowband emissions and no further testing will be required. 6.4. Specifications concerning immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic radiation. 6.4.1. Method of testingThe immunity to electromagnetic radiation of the vehicle representative of  its type shall be tested by the method described in Annex VI. 6.4.2. Vehicle immunity reference limits. 6.4.2.1. If tests are made using the method described in Annex VI, the field strength reference  level shall be 24 volts/m rms in over 90 % of the 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency band and 20 volts/m rms  over the whole 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency band. 6.4.2.2. The vehicle representative of its type shall be considered as complying with immunity  requirements if, during the tests performed in accordance with Annex VI, and subjected to a field  strength, expressed in volts/m, of 25 % above the reference level, there shall be no abnormal  change in the speed of the driven wheels of the vehicle, no degradation of performance which would  cause confusion to other road users, and no degradation in the driver's direct control of the  vehicle which could be observed by the driver or other road user. 6.4.2.3. The driver's direct control of the vehicle is exercised by means of, for example,  steering, braking, or engine speed control. 6.5. Specification concerning broadband electromagnetic interference generated by ESAs. 6.5.1. Method of measurementThe electromagnetic radiation generated by the ESA representative of  its type shall be measured by the method described in Annex VII. 6.5.2. ESA broadband reference limits6.5.2.1. If measurements are made using the method described  in Annex VII, the radiation reference limits shall be 64 to 54 dB microvolts/m (1 600 to 500  microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band, this limit decreasing logarithmically (linearly)  with frequencies above 30 MHz, and 54 to 65 dB microvolts/m (500 to 1 800 microvolts/m) in the 75  to 400 MHz band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as  shown in Appendix 5 to this Annex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains  constant at 65 dB microvolts/m (1 800 microvolts/m). 6.5.2.2. On the ESA representative of its type, the measured values, expressed in dB microvolts/m,  (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits. 6.6. Specifications concerning narrowband electromagnetic interference generated by ESAs. 6.6.1. Method of measurementThe electromagnetic radiation generated by the ESA representative of  its type shall be measured by the method described in Annex VIII. 6.6.2. ESA narrowband reference limits. 6.6.2.1. If measures are made using the method described in Annex VIII, the radiation reference  limits shall be 54 to 44 dB microvolts/m (500 to 160 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency  band, this limit decreasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 30 MHz, and 44 to 55  dB microvolts/m (160 to 560 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz band, this limit increasing  logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in Appendix 6 to this Annex. In  the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 55 dB microvolts/m (560  microvolts/m). 6.6.2.2. On the ESA representative of its type, the measured value, expressed in dB microvolts/m  (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits. 6.7. Specifications concerning immunity of ESAs to electromagnetic radiation. 6.7.1. Method(s) of testingThe immunity to electromagnetic radiation of the ESA representative of  its type shall be tested by the method(s) chosen from those described in Annex IX. 6.7.2. ESA immunity reference limits6.7.2.1. If tests are made using the methods described in  Annex IX, the immunity test reference levels shall be 48 volts/m for the 150 mm stripline testing  method, 12 volts/m for the 800 mm stripline testing method, 60 volts/m for the TEM cell testing  method, 48 mA for the bulk current injection (BCI) testing method and 24 volts/m for the free field  testing method. 6.7.2.2. On the ESA representative of its type at a field strength or current expressed in  appropriate linear units 25 % above the reference limit, the ESA shall not exhibit any malfunction  which would cause any degradation of performance which could cause confusion to other road users or  any degradation in the driver's direct control of a vehicle fitted with the system which could be  observed by the driver or other road user. 7. Conformity of production7.1. Measures to ensure the conformity of production shall be taken in  accordance with the provisions laid down in Article 10 of Directive 70/156/EEC. 7.2. Conformity of production with regard to the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle or  component of separate technical unit shall be checked on the basis of the data contained in the  type-approval certificate(s) set out in Annex IIIA and/or IIIB of this Directive as appropriate. 7.3. If the authority is not satisfied with the auditing procedure of the manufacturer, then items  2.4.2 and 2.4.3 of Annex X to Directive 70/156/EEC and paragraphs 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 below shall  apply. 7.3.1. If the conformity of a vehicle, component or STU taken from the series is being verified,  production shall be deemed to conform to the requirements of this Directive in relation to  broadband radiated emissions and narrowband radiated emissions if the levels measured do not exceed  by more than 2 dB, (25 %) the reference limits prescribed in paragraphs 6.2.2.1, 6.2.2.2, 6.3.2.1  and 6.3.2.2 (as appropriate). 7.3.2. If the conformity of a vehicle, component or STU taken from the series is being verified,  production shall be deemed to conform to the requirements of this Directive in relation to immunity  to electromagnetic radiation if the vehicle, component or STU does not exhibit any degradation  relating to the direct control of the vehicle which could be observed by the driver or other road  user when the vehicle, component or STU is in the state defined in Annex VI, paragraph 4, and  subjected to a field strength, expressed in volts/m, up to 80 % of the reference limits prescribed  in paragraph 6.4.2.1 of this Annex. 8. Exceptions8.1. Where a vehicle or electrical/electronic system or ESA does not include an  electronic oscillator with an operating frequency greater than 9 kHz, it shall be deemed to comply  with paragraph 6.3.2 or 6.6.2 of Annex I and with Annexes V and VIII. 8.2. Vehicles which do not have electrical/electronic systems or ESAs involved in the direct  control of the vehicle need not be tested for immunity and shall be deemed to comply with paragraph  6.4 of Annex I and with Annex VI to this Directive. 8.3. ESAs whose functions are not involved in the direct control of the vehicle need not be tested  for immunity and shall be deemed to comply with paragraph 6.7 of Annex I and with Annex IX to this  Directive. 8.4. Electrostatic dischargeFor vehicles fitted with tyres, the vehicle body/chassis can be  considered to be an electrically isolated structure. Significant electrostatic forces in relation  to the vehicle's external environment only occur at the moment of occupant entry into or exit from  the vehicle. As the vehicle is stationary at these moments, no type-approval test for electrostatic  discharge is deemed necessary. 8.5. Conducted transientsSince during normal driving, no external electrical connections are made  to vehicles, no conducted transients are generated in relation to the external environment. The  responsibility of ensuring that equipment can tolerate the conducted transients within a vehicle,  e.g. due to load switching and interaction between systems, lies with the manufacturer. No  type-approval test for conducted transients is deemed necessary. Appendix 1 Vehicle broadband reference limits Antenna-vehicle separation: 10 m >REFERENCE TO A  FILM>Appendix 2 Vehicle broadband reference limits Antenna-vehicle separation: 3 m >REFERENCE  TO A FILM>Appendix 3 Vehicle narrowband reference limits Antenna-vehicle separation: 10 m > REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 4 Vehicle narrowband reference limits Antenna-vehicle separation:  3 m >REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 5 Electrical/electronic sub-assembly Broadband reference  limits >REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 6 Electrical/electronic sub-assembly Narrowband reference  limits >REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 7 Model for the EEC type-approval mark The ESA bearing  the above EEC type-approval mark is a device which has been approved in Germany (e1) under the base  approval number 0148. The first two digits (02) indicate that the device conforms with the  requirements of Directive 72/245/EEC, as amended by this Directive. The figures used are only indicative. (1) If applicable. (*) For example: radio telephone and citizens band radio.  ANNEX IIA Information document No . . . pursuant to Annex I to Directive 70/156/EEC (*)  relating to EEC type-approval of a vehicle with respect to electromagnetic compatibility  (72/245/EEC), as last amended by Directive 95/. . ./EC The following information, if applicable,  must be supplied in triplicate and must include a list of contents. Any drawings must be supplied  in appropriate scale and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs,  if any, must show sufficient detail. If the systems, component or separate technical units have electronic controls, information  concerning their performance must be supplied. 0. General0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.2. Type and general commercial description(s): 0.3. Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle (b): 0.3.1. Location of that marking: 0.4. Category of vehicle (c): 0.5. Name and address of manufacturer: 0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s): 1. General construction characteristics of the vehicle1.1. Photograph(s) and/or drawing(s) of a  representative vehicle: 1.6. Position and arrangement of the engine: 3. Power plant (q)3.1. Manufacturer: 3.1.1. Manufacturer's engine code: (as marked on the engine, or other means of identification)3.2.1.1. Working principle: positive  ignition/compression ignition, four stroke/two stroke (1)3.2.1.2. Number and arrangement of  cylinders: 3.2.1.8. Maximum net power (t) . . . kW at . . . min-13.2.4. Fuel feed3.2.4.1. By carburettor(s):  yes/no (1)3.2.4.1.3. Number fitted: 3.2.4.2. By fuel injection (compression ignition only): yes/no (1)3.2.4.2.1. System description: 3.2.4.3. By fuel injection (positive ignition only): yes/no (1)3.2.4.3.4. System  description3.2.5. Electrical system3.2.5.1. Rated voltage: . . . V, positive/negative ground  (1)3.2.5.2. Generator3.2.5.2.1. Type3.2.5.2.2. Nominal output: . . . VA3.2.6. Ignition3.2.6.2.  Type(s): 3.2.6.3. Working principle: 3.3. Electric motor3.3.1. Type (winding, excitation): 3.3.1.1. Maximum hourly output: . . . kW4. Transmission (v)4.2. Type (mechanical, hydraulic,  electric, etc.)4.2.1. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any): 6. Suspension6.2.2. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any): 7. Steering7.2.2.1. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any): 7.2.6. Range and method of adjustment, if any, of this steering control: 8. Brakes8.5. For vehicles with anti-lock systems, description of system operation (including any  electronic parts), electric block diagram, hydraulic or pneumatic circuit plan: 9. Bodywork9.1. Type of bodywork: 9.5. Windscreen and other windows: 9.5.2.3. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any) of the window lifting  mechanism: 9.6. Windscreen wiper(s): 9.6.1. Detailed technical description (including photographs or drawings): 9.8. Defrosting and demisting: 9.8.1. Detailed technical description (including photographs or drawings): 9.9. Rear-view mirrors (state for each mirror): 9.9.6. A brief description of the electronic components (if any) of the adjustment system: 9.10.3. Seats: 9.10.3.4. Characteristics: description and drawings of: 9.10.3.4.2. the adjustment system9.10.3.4.3. the displacement and locking systems. 9.12. Safety belts and/or other restraint systems: 9.12.3. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any): 9.18. Suppression of radio interference9.18.1. Description and drawings/photographs of the shapes  and constituent materials of the part of the body forming the engine compartment and the part of  the passenger compartment nearest to it: 9.18.2. Drawings or photographs of the position of the metal components housed in the engine  compartment (e.g. heating appliances, spare wheel, air filter, steering mechanism, etc.): 9.18.3. Table and drawing of radio interference control equipment: 9.18.4. Particulars of the nominal value of the direct current resistances, and in the case of  resistive ignition cables, of their nominal resistance per metre10. Lighting and light signalling  devices10.5. A brief description of electrical/electronic components other than lamps (if any)12.  Miscellaneous12.2. Devices to prevent unauthorized use of the vehicle12.2.3. A brief description  of the electrical/electronic components (if any): Appendix 1 Description of vehicle chosen to represent the typeBody style: Left or right hand drive: Wheelbase: Component options: Appendix 2 Relevant test report(s) supplied by the manufacturer or approved/recognized  laboratories for the purpose of drawing up the type-approval certificate. (*) The item numbers and footnotes used in this information document correspond to those  set out in Article 2 of Directive 70/156/EEC. Items not relevant for the purpose of this Directive  are omitted. (1) Delete where not applicable. (1) Delete where not applicable.  ANNEX IIB Information document No . . . relating to EEC type-approval of an  electric/electronic sub-assembly with respect to electromagnetic compatibility (72/245/EEC), as  last amended by Directive 95/. . ./EC The following information, if applicable, must be supplied  in triplicate and must include a list of contents. Any drawings must be supplied in appropriate  scale and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if any, must  show sufficient detail. If the systems, component or separate technical units have electronic controls, information  concerning their performance must be supplied. 0.  General0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.2. Type and general commercial description(s): 0.5. Name and address of manufacturer: 0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and method of affixing of the  EEC approval mark: 0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s): 1. This ESA shall be approved as a component/STU (*)2. Any restrictions of use and conditions for  fitting: Appendix 1 Description of the ESA chosen to represent the type: Appendix 2 Relevant test report(s) supplied by the manufacturer or approved/recognized  laboratories for the purpose of drawing up the type-approval certificate. (*) Delete where not applicable.  ANNEX IIIA MODEL (maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm)) EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE  Stamp of administrationCommunication concerning the: - type-approval (1)- extension of type-approval (1)- refusal of type-approval (1)- withdrawal of  type-approval (1)of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) with regard to  Directive . . ./. . ./EC, as last amended by Directive . . ./. . ./EC. Type approval number: Reason for extension: SECTION I0.1.  Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.2. Type and general commercial description(s): 0.3. Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/separate technical unit  (1) (2): 0.3.1. Location of that marking: 0.4. Category of vehicle (3): 0.5. Name and address of manufacturer: 0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and method of affixing of the  EEC approval-mark: 0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s): SECTION II1. Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix2. Technical service  responsible for carrying out the tests: 3. Date of test report: 4. Number of test report: 5. Remarks (if any): See Appendix6. Place: 7. Date: 8. Signature: 9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority, which may be obtained  on request is attachedAppendix to EEC type-approval of a vehicle with regard to Directive  72/245/EEC, as last amended by Directive 95/. . ./EC 1.  Additional information1.1. Special  devices for the purpose of Annex IV to this Directive (if applicable): (e.g. . . .)1.2. Electrical  system rated voltage: . . . V. positive/negative ground1.3. Type of bodywork: 1.4. List of electronic systems installed in the tested vehicle(s) not limited to the items in the  information document (see Appendix 1 to Annex II): 1.5. Approved/recognized laboratory (for the purpose of this Directive) responsible for carrying  out the tests: 5. Remarks: (e.g. valid for both left-hand drive and right-hand drive vehicles)(1) Delete where not  applicable. (2) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the  vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certificate such  characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: '?' (e.g. ABC??123??). (3) As defined in Annex IIA to Directive 70/156/EEC.  ANNEX IIIB MODEL (maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm)) EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE  Stamp of administrationCommunication concerning the: - type-approval (1)- extension of type-approval (1)- refusal of type-approval (1)- withdrawal of  type-approval (1)of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) with regard to  Directive . . ./. . ./EC, as last amended by Directive . . ./. . ./EC. Type-approval number: Reason for extension: SECTION I0.1.  Make (trade name of manufacturer): 0.2. Type and general commercial description(s): 0.3. Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/separate technical unit  (1) (2): 0.3.1. Location of that marking: 0.4. Category of vehicle (3): 0.5. Name and address of manufacturer: 0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and method of affixing of the  EEC approval-mark: 0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s): SECTION II1. Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix2. Technical service  responsible for carrying out the tests: 3. Date of test report: 4. Number of test report: 5. Remarks (if any): See Appendix6. Place: 7. Date: 8. Signature: 9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority, which may be obtained  on request is attached. Appendix to EEC type-approval certificate No . . . concerning the type-approval of an  electric/electronic sub-assembly with regard to Directive 72/245/EEC, as last amended by Directive  95/. . ./EC 1. Additional information: 1.1. Electrical system rated voltage: 1.2. This ESA can be used on any vehicle type with the following restrictions: 1.2.1. Installation conditions, if any: 1.3. This ESA can only be used on the following vehicle types: 1.3.1. Installation conditions, if any: 1.4. the specific test method(s) used and the frequency ranges covered to determine immunity were:  (please specify precise method used from Annex IX)1.5. Approved/recognized laboratory (for the  purpose of this Directive) responsible for carrying out the test. 5. Remarks: (1) Delete where not applicable. (2) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the  vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certificate such  characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: '?' (e.g. ABC??123??). (3) As defined in Annex IIA to Directive 70/156/EEC.  ANNEX IV METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED BROADBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM  VEHICLES 1. General1.1. The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to  vehicles. 1.2. Measuring apparatusThe measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication  No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR). A quasi-peak detector shall be used for the measurement of braodband electromagnetic emissions in  this Annex, or if a peak detector is used an appropriate correction factor shall be used depending  on the spark pulse rate. 1.3. Test methodThis test is intended to measure the broadband emissions generated by spark  ignition systems. Two alternative reference antenna distances are permissible: 10 or 3 m from the vehicle. In either  case the requirements of paragraph 3 of this Annex shall be complied with. 2. Expression of resultsThe results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolt/m  (microvol/m) for 120 kHz band width. If the actual band width B (expressed in kHz) of the measuring  apparatus differs from 120 kHz, the readings taken in microvolts/m shall be converted to 120 kHz  band width through multiplication by a factor 120/B. 3. Measuring location3.1. The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic  reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured from a point midway between the  vehicle and the antenna (see Figure 1 of Appendix 1 to this Annex). 3.2. The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is located may be within  the test site, but only in the permitted region shown in Figure 1 in Appendix 1 to this Annex. Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a minimum distance of 10 m both from  receiving antenna and the vehicle under test, provided that it can be shown that the test results  will not be affected. 3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test  facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional  requirements of Figure 1 in Appendix 1 of this Annex other than the distance from the antenna to  the vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to have ambient emissions checked  before or after the test as indicated in paragraph 3.4 of this Annex. 3.4. AmbientTo ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to  affect materially the measurement, measurements shall be taken before and after the main test. If  the vehicle is present when ambient measurements are taken, it will be necessary to ensure that any  emissions from the vehicle do not affect significantly the ambient measurements, for example by  removing the vehicle from the test area, removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the battery.  In both of the measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the  limits of interference given in paragraph 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 (as appropriate) of Annex I, except  for intentional narrowband ambient transmissions. 4. Vehicle state during tests4.1. EngineThe engine shall be running at its normal operating  temperature and the transmission shall be in neutral. If for practical reasons this cannot be  achieved, alternative arrangements mutually agreed between the manufacturer and the test  authorities may be made. Care shall be taken to ensure that the speed setting mechanism does not  influence electromagnetic radiations. During each measurement, the engine shall be operated as  follows: >TABLE>4.2. Testing shall not be conducted while rain or other precipitation is falling  on the vehicle or within 10 minutes after such precipitation has stopped. 5. Antenna type, position and orientation5.1. Antenna typeAny antenna may be used provided it can  be normalized to the reference antenna. The method described in CISPR publication No 12, Edition 3,  Appendix A, may be used to calibrate the antenna. 5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1. Height5.2.1.1. 10 m testThe phase centre of the  antenna shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests. 5.2.1.2. 3 m testThe phase centre of the antenna shall be 1,80 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which  the vehicle rests. 5.2.1.3. No part of any antenna's receiving elements shall be closer than 0,25 m to the plane on  which the vehicle rests. 5.2.2. Distance of measurement5.2.2.1. 10 m testThe horizontal distance from the tip or other  appropriate point of the antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in paragraph  5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall be 10,0 ± 0,2 m. 5.2.2.2. 3 m testThe horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the antenna  defined during the normalization procedure described in paragraph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer  body surface of the vehicle shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m. 5.2.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electromagnetic  screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio  absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no  absorbent material between the receiving antenna and vehicle under test. 5.3. Antenna location relative to vehicleThe antenna shall be located successively on the left and  right-hand sides of the vehicle, with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitudinal symmetry of  the vehicle and in line with the engine mid-point (see Figure 1 in Appendix 1 to this Annex). 5.4. Antenna positionAt each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the  antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarization (see Figure 2 in Appendix 1 to this Annex). 5.5. ReadingsThe maximum of the four readings taken in accordance with paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 at  each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the  measurements were made. 6. Frequencies6.1. MeasurementsMeasurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz  frequency range. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements of this Annex, the Testing  Authority shall test at up to 13 frequencies in the range, e.g. 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230,  280, 380, 450, 600, 750, 900 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test,  investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the vehicle and not to background  radiation. 6.1.1. The limits apply throughout the frequency range 30 to 1 000 MHz. 6.1.2. Measurements can be performed with either quasi-peak or peak detectors. The limits given in  Annex I, paragraphs 6.2 and 6.5 are for quasi-peak. If peak is used, add 38 dB for 1 MHz bandwith  or subtract 22 dB for 1 kHz band width. 6.2. Tolerances>TABLE>The tolerances apply to frequencies quoted and are intended to  avoid interference from transmissions operating on or near the nominal spot frequencies during the  time of measurement. Appendix 1 Figure 1 VEHICLE TEST AREA Level clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting  surfaces>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 1 Figure 2 POSITION OF ANTENNA RELATIVE TO VEHICLE > REFERENCE TO A FILM> ANNEX V METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED NARROWBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM  VEHICLES 1. General1.1. The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to  vehicles. 1.2. Measuring apparatusThe measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication  No 16-1 (93), of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR). An average detector or a peak detector shall be used for the measurement of radiated narrowband  electromagnetic emissions in this Annex. 1.3. Test method1.3.1. This test is intended to measure narrowband electromagnetic emissions such  as might emanate from a microprocessor-based system or other narrowband source. 1.3.2. As an initial step the levels of emissions in the FM frequency band (88 to 108 MHz) shall be  measured at the vehicle broadcast radio antenna with equipment as specified in paragraph 1.2. If  the level specified in paragraph 6.3.2.4 of Annex I is not exceeded, then the vehicle shall be  deemed to comply with the requirements of this Annex in respect of that frequency band and the full  test shall not be carried out. 1.3.3. In the full test procedure two alternative antenna distances are permissible: 10 or 3 m from  the vehicle. In either case the requirements of paragraph 3 of this Annex shall be complied with. 2. Expression of resultsThe results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m  (microvolts/m). 3. Measuring location3.1. The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic  reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured from a point midway between the  vehicle and the antenna (see Figure 1 of Appendix 1 to Annex IV). 3.2. The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is located may be within  the test site, but only in the permitted region shown in Figure 1 of Appendix 1 to Annex IV. Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a minimum distance of 10 m both from  receiving antenna and the vehicle/STU under test, provided that it can be shown that the test  results will not be affected. 3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test  facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional  requirements of Figure 1 in Appendix 1 of Annex IV other than the distance from the antenna to the  vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to have ambient emissions checked  before or after the test as indicated in paragraph 3.4 of this Annex. 3.4. AmbientTo ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to  affect materially the measurement, ambient measurements shall be taken before and after the main  test. It will be necessary to ensure that any emissions from the vehicle do not affect  significantly the ambient measurements, for example by removing the vehicle from the test area,  removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the battery(ies). In both of the measurements, the  extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of interference given in  paragraph 6.3.2.1 or 6.3.2.2 (as appropriate) of Annex I, except for intentional narrowband ambient  transmissions. 4. Vehicle state during tests4.1. The vehicle's electronic systems shall all be in normal  operating mode with the vehicle stationary. 4.2. The ignition shall be switched on. The engine shall not be operating. 4.3. Measurements shall not be made while rain or other precipitation is falling on the vehicle or  within 10 minutes after such precipitation has stopped. 5. Antenna type, position and orientation5.1. Antenna typeAny antenna may be used provided that  it can be normalized to the reference antenna. The method described in the CISPR 12 publication,  Edition 3, Appendix A, may be used to calibrate the antenna. 5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1. Height5.2.1.1. 10 m testThe phase centre of the  antenna shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests. 5.2.1.2. 3 m testThe phase centre of the antenna shall be 1,80 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which  the vehicle rests. 5.2.1.3. No part of any antenna's receiving elements shall be closer than 0,25 m to the plane on  which the vehicle rests. 5.2.2. Distance of measurement5.2.2.1. 10 m testThe horizontal distance from the tip or other  appropriate point of the antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in paragraph  5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall be 10,0 ± 0,2 m. 5.2.2.2. 3 m testThe horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the antenna  defined during the normalization procedure described in paragraph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer  body surface of the vehicle shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m. 5.2.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electromagnetic  screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio  absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no  absorbent material between the receiving antenna and vehicle under test. 5.3. Antenna location relative to vehicleThe antenna shall be located successively on the left and  right-hand sides of the vehicle with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitudinal symmetry of  the vehicle and in line with the engine mid-point (see Figure 2 in Appendix 1 to Annex IV). 5.4. Antenna positionAt each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the  antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarization (see Figure 2 in Appendix 1 to Annex IV). 5.5. ReadingsThe maximum of the four readings taken in accordance with paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 at  each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the  measurements are made. 6. Frequencies6.1. MeasurementsMeasurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz  frequency range. This range shall be divided into 13 bands. In each band one spot frequency may be  tested to demonstrate that the required limits are satisfied. To confirm that the vehicle meets the  requirements of this Annex, the testing authority shall test at one such point in each of the  following 13 frequency bands: 30 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, 100 to 130, 130 to 165, 165 to 200, 200 to 250, 250 to 320, 320 to  400, 400 to 520, 520 to 660, 660 to 820, 820 to 1 000 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall be made to ensure  that this is due to the vehicle and not to background radiation.  ANNEX VI METHOD OF TESTING FOR IMMUNITY OF VEHICLES TO ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 1.  General1.1. The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehicles. 1.2. Test methodThis test is intended to demonstrate the immunity to degradation in the direct  control of the vehicle. The vehicle shall be subject to electromagnetic fields as described in this  Annex. The vehicle shall be mnitored during the tests. 2. Expression of resultsFor the test described in this Annex, field strengths shall be expressed  in volts/m. 3. Measuring locationThe test facility shall be capable of generating the field strengths over the  frequency ranges defined in this Annex. The test facility shall comply with (national) legal  requirements regarding the emission of electromagnetic signals. Care shall be taken so that the control and monitoring equipment shall not be affected by radiated  fields in such a way as to invalidate the tests. 4. Vehicle state during tests4.1. The vehicle shall be in an unladen condition except for  necessary test equipment. 4.1.1. The engine shall normally turn the driving wheels at a steady speed of 50 km/h if there is  no technical reason for a manufacturer to prefer a different speed. The vehicle shall be on an  appropriately loaded dynamometer or alternatively supported on insulated axle stands with minimum  ground clearance if no dynamometer is available. Where appropriate, transmission shafts may be  disconnected (e.g. trucks). 4.1.2. Headlamps shall be on dipped beam. 4.1.3. Left or right direction indicator shall be operating. 4.1.4. All other systems which affect the driver's control of the vehicle shall be (on) as in  normal operation of the vehicle. 4.1.5. The vehicle shall not be electrically connected to the test area and no connections shall be  made to the vehicle from any equipment, except as required by paragraph 4.1.1 or 4.2. Tyre contact  with the test area floor shall not be considered to be an electrical connection. 4.2. If there are vehicle electrical/electronic systems which form an integral part of the direct  control of the vehicle, which will not operate under the conditions described in paragraph 4.1, it  will be permissible for the manufacturer to provide a report or additional evidence to the testing  authority that the vehicle electrical/electronic system meets the requirements of this Directive.  Such evidence shall be retained in the type-approval documentation. 4.3. Only non-perturbing equipment shall be used while monitoring the vehicle. The vehicle exterior  and the passenger compartment shall be monitored to determine whether the requirements of this  Annex are met (e.g. by using (a) video camera(s)). 4.4. The vehicle shall normally face a fixed antenna. However, where the electronic control units  and the associated wiring harness are predominantly in the rear of the vehicle, the test should  normally be carried out with the vehicle facing away from the antenna. In the case of long vehicles  (i.e. excluding cars and light vans), which have electronic control units and associated wiring  harness predominantly towards the middle of the vehicle, a reference point (see paragraph 5.4 of  this Annex) may be established based on either the right side surface or the left side surface of  the vehicle. This reference point shall be at the midpoint of the vehicle's length or at one point  along the side of the vehicle chosen by the manufacturer in conjunction with the competent  authority after considering the distribution of electronic systems and the layout of any wiring  harness. Such testing may only take place if the physical construction of the chamber permits. The antenna  location must be noted in the test report. 5. Field generating device type, position and orientation5.1. Field generating device type5.1.1.  The field generating device type(s) shall be chosen such that the desired field strength is  achieved at the reference point (see paragraph 5.4 of this Annex) at the appropriate frequencies. 5.1.2. The field generating device(s) may be an antenna(s) or a transmission line system (TLS). 5.1.3. The construction and orientation of any field generating device shall be such that the  generated field is polarized: from 20 to 1 000 MHz horizontally or vertically5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1.  Height5.2.1.1. The phase centre of any antenna shall not be less than 1,5 m above the plane on  which the vehicle rests or not less than 2,0 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests if the  vehicle roof exceeds 3 m in heigh. 5.2.1.2. No part of any antenna's radiating elements shall be closer than 0,25 m to the plane on  which the vehicle rests. 5.2.2. Distance of measurement5.2.2.1. In-service conditions may be best approximated by placing  the field generating device as far from the vehicle as practical. This distance will typically lie  within the range 1 to 5 m. 5.2.2.2. If the test is carried out in an enclosed facility, the field generating device's  radiating elements shall be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer than  1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There shall be no absorbent material between the  transmitting antenna and the vehicle under test. 5.3. Antenna location relative to vehicle5.3.1. The field generating device's radiating elements  shall not be closer than 0,5 m to the outer body surface of the vehicle. 5.3.2. The field generating device shall be positioned on the vehicle's centre line (plane of  longitudinal symmetry). 5.3.3. No part of a TLS, with the exception of the plane on which the vehicle rests, shall be  closer than 0,5 m to any part of the vehicle. 5.3.4. Any field generating device which is placed over the vehicle shall extend centrally over at  least 75 % of the length of the vehicle. 5.4. Reference point5.4.1. For the purposes of this Annex the reference point is the point at  which the field strength shall be established and shall be defined as follows: 5.4.1.1. at least 2 m horizontally from the antenna phase centre or at least 1 m vertically from  the radiating elements of a TLS, 5.4.1.2. on the vehicle's centre line (plane of longitudinal symmetry), 5.4.1.3. at a height of 1,0 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests or 2,0 ± 0,05 m if  the minimum height of the roof of any vehicle in the model range exceeds 3,0 m, 5.4.1.4. either: 1,0 ± 0,2 m inside the vehicle, measured from the point of intersection of the vehicle windscreen  and bonnet (point C in Appendix 1 to this Annex), or 0,2 ± 0,2 m from the centre line of the  foremost axle of the vehicle measured towards the centre of the vehicle (point D in Appendix 2 to  this Annex), whichever results in a reference point closer to the antenna. 5.5. If it is decided to radiate the rear of the vehicle, the reference point shall be established  as in paragraph 5.4. The vehicle shall then be installed facing away from the antenna and  positioned as if it had been horizontally rotated 180° around its centre point, i.e. such that the  distance from the antenna to the nearest part of the outer body of the vehicle remains the same.  This is illustrated in Appendix 3 to this Annex. 6. Test requirements6.1. Frequency range, dwell times, polarizationThe vehicle shall be exposed  to electromagnetic radiation in the 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency range. 6.1.1. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements of this Annex, the vehicle shall be  tested at up to 14 spot frequencies in the range, e.g.: 27, 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900 MHz. The response time of the equipment under test shall be considered and the dwell time shall be  sufficient to allow the equipment under test to react under normal conditions. In any case, it  shall not be less than two seconds. 6.1.2. One mode of polarization shall be used at each frequency - see paragraph 5.1.3. 6.1.3. All other test parameters shall be as defined in this Annex. 6.1.4. If a vehicle fails the test defined in paragraph 6.1.1 of this Annex, it must be verified as  having failed under the relevant test conditions and not as a result of the generation of  uncontrolled fields. 7. Generation of required field strength7.1. Test methodology7.1.1. The 'substitution method'  shall be used to establish the test field conditions. 7.1.2. Calibration phaseAt each test frequency, a level of power shall be fed into the field  generating device to produce the required field strength at the reference point (as defined in  paragraph 5) in the test area with the vehicle absent, the level of forward power, or another  parameter directly related to the forward power required to define the field, shall be measured and  the results recorded. Test frequencies shall lie in the range 20 to 1 000 MHz. Calibration shall be  made, starting at 20, in steps not greater than two per cent of the previous frequency finishing at  1 000 MHz. These results shall be used for type approval tests unless changes occur in the  facilities or equipment which necessitate this procedure being repeated. 7.1.3. Test phaseThe vehicle shall then be introduced into the test facility and positioned in  accordance with the requirements of paragraph 5. The required forward power defined in paragraph  7.1.2 at each frequency as defined in paragraph 6.1.1 shall then be applied to the field generating  device. 7.1.4. Whatever parameter was chosen in paragraph 7.1.2 to define the field, the same parameter  shall be used to establish the field strength during the test. 7.1.5. The field generating equipment and its layout employed during the test shall be to the same  specification as that used during the operations performed in paragraph 7.1.2. 7.1.6. Field strength measuring deviceA suitable compact field strength measuring device shall be  used to determine the field strength during the calibration phase of the substitution method. 7.1.7. During the calibration phase of the substitution method, the phase centre of the field  strength measuring device shall be positioned at the reference point. 7.1.8. If a calibrated receiving antenna is used as the field strength measuring device, readings  shall be obtained in three mutually orthogonal directions and the isotropic equivalent value of the  readings shall be taken as the field strength. 7.1.9. To take account of different vehicle geometries, a number of antennae positions or reference  points may need to be established for a given test facility. 7.2. Field strengh contour7.2.1. During the calibration phase of the substitution method (prior to  a vehicle being introduced into the test area), the field strength in at least 80 % of the  calibration steps shall not be less than 50 % of the nominal field strength, at the following  locations: (a) for all field generating devices, 0,5 ± 0,05 m either side of the reference point on a line  passing through the reference point and at the same height as the reference point, and  perpendicular to the vehicle plane of longitudinal symmetry; (b) in the case of a TGLS, 1,50 ± 0,05 m on a line passing through the reference point at the same  height as the reference point and along the line of longitudinal symmetry. 7.3. Chamber resonanceNotwithstanding the condition expressed in 7.2.1, tests shall not be  performed at chamber reasonant frequencies. 7.4. Characteristics of the test signal to be generated. 7.4.1. Maximum envelope excursionThe maximum envelope excursion of the test signal shall equal the  maximum envelope excursion of an unmodulated sine wave whose rms value in volts/m is defined in  paragraph 6.4.2 of Annex I (see Appendix 4 to this Annex). 7.4.2. Test signal wave formThe test signal shall be a radio frequency sine wave, amplitude  modulated by a 1 kHz sine wave at a modulation depth m of 0,8 ± 0,04. 7.4.3. Modulation depthThe modulation depth m is defined as: m = maximum envelope excursion   minimum envelope excursion maximum envelope excursion + minimum  envelope excursionAppendix 1 Reference point lines in this plane >REFERENCE TO A FILM> Appendix 2 Reference point lies in this plane >REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 3 >REFERENCE  TO A FILM>Appendix 4 Characteristics of test signal to be generated >REFERENCE TO A FILM>  ANNEX VII METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED BROADBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM  ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SUB-ASSEMBLIES 1. General1.1. The test method described in this Annex may  be applied to ESAs which may be subsequently fitted to vehicles which comply with Annex IV. 1.2. Measuring apparatusThe measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication  No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR). A quasi-peak detector shall be used for the measurement of broadband electromagnetic emissions in  this Annex, or if a peak detector is used an appropriate correction factor shall be used depending  on the interference pulse rate. 1.3. Test methodThis test is intended to measure broadband electromagnetic emissions from ESAs. 2. Expression of resultsThe results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m  (microvolts/m), for 120 kHz band width. If the actual band width B (expressed in kHz) of the  measuring apparatus differs from 120 kHz, the readings taken in microvolts/m shall be converted to  120 kHz band width through multiplication by a factor 120/B. 3. Measuring location3.1. The test site shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1  (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) (see Appendix 1 to this  Annex). 3.2. The measuring set, test hut or vehicle in which the measurement set is located shall be  outside the boundary shown in Appendix 1 to this Annex. 3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test  facility and an approved outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional  requirements of Appendix 1 to this Annex other than the distance from the antenna to the ESA under  test and the height of the antenna (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 2 to this Annex). 3.4. AmbientTo ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to  affect materially the measurement, measurements hall be taken before and after the main test. In  both of these measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits  of interference given in paragraph 6.5.2.1 of Annex I, except for international narrowband ambient  transmissions. 4. ESA state during tests4.1. The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode. 4.2. Measurements shall not be made while rain of other precipitation is falling on the ESA under  test or within 10 minutes after such rain or other precipitation has stopped. 4.3. Test arrangements4.3.1. The ESA under test and its wiring harnesses shall be supported 50 ± 5  mm above a wooden or equivalent non-conducting table. However, if any part of the ESA under test is  intended to be electrically bonded to a vehicle's metal bodywork, that part shall be placed on a  ground plane and shall be electrically bonded to the ground plane. The ground plane shall be a  metallic sheet with a minimum thickness of 0,5 mm. The minimum size of the ground plane depends on  the size of the ESA under test but shall allow for the distribution of the ESA's wiring harness and  components. The ground plane shall be connected to the protective conductor of the earthing system.  The ground plane shall be situated at a height of 1,0 ± 0,1 m above the test facility floor and  shall be parallel to it. 4.3.2. The ESA under test shall be arranged and connected according to its requirements. The power  supply harness shall be positioned along, and within 100 mm of, the edge of the ground plane/table  closest to the antenna. 4.3.3. The ESA under test shall be connected to the grounding system according to the  manufacturer's installation specification, no additional grounding connections shall be permitted. 4.3.4. The minimum distance between the ESA under test and all other conductive structures, such as  walls of a shielded ares (with the exception of the ground plane/table underneath the test object)  must be 1,0 m. 4.4. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via a 5 ìH/50  ` artificial network (AN) which  shall be electrically bonded to the ground plane. The electrical supply voltage shall be maintained  to ± 10 % of its nominal system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than 1,5 % of  the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN monitoring port. 4.5. If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting cables should  ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the vehicle. If these are not available, the  length between the electronic control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the  loom should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real loads and  actuators. If extraneous equipment is required for the correct operation of the ESA under test,  compensation shall be made for the contribution it makes to the emissions measured. 5. Antenna type, position and orientation5.1. Antenna typeAny linearly polarized antenna may be  used provided it can be normalized to the reference antenna. 5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1. HeightThe phase centre of the antenna shall be 150  ± 10 mm above ground plane. 5.2.2. Distance of measurementThe horizontal distance from the phase centre of tip of the antenna  as appropriate, to the edge of the ground plane shall be 1,00 ± 0,05 m. No part of the antenna  shall be closer than 0,5 m to the ground plane. The antenna shall be placed parallel to a plane which is perpendicular to the ground plane and  coincident with the edge of the ground plane along which the principal portion of the harness  runs. 5.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electromagnetic  screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no closer than 0,5 m to any radio  absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no  absorbent material between the receiving antenna and the ESA under test. 5.3. Antenna orientation and polarizationAt the measuring point, readings shall be taken both with  the antenna in a vertical and in a horizontal polarization. 5.4. ReadingsThe maximum of the two readings taken (in accordance with paragraph 5.3) at each spot  frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the measurements  were made. 6. Frequencies6.1. MeasurementsMeasurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz  frequency range. An ESA is considered as very likely to satisfy the required limits over the whole  frequency range if it satisfies them at the following 13 frequencies in the range, e.g.: 45, 65,  90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall be made to ensure  that this is due to the ESA and not to background radiation. 6.1.1. The limits apply thorughout the frequency range 30 to 1 000 MHz. 6.1.2. Measurements can be performed with either quasi-peak or peak detectors. The limits given in  paragraphs 6.2 and 6.5 are for quasi-peak. If peak is used, add 38 dB for 1 MHz band width or  subtract 22 dB for 1 kHz band width. 6.2. Tolerances>TABLE>The tolerances apply to frequencies quoted and are intended to  avoid interference from transmissions operating on or near the nominal spot frequencies during the  time of measurement. Appendix 1 Figure 1 Electrical/electronic sub-assembly test area boundary Level clear area free  from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 2 Figure 1 >REFERENCE  TO A FILM>Appendix 2 Figure 2 >REFERENCE TO A FILM> ANNEX VIII METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED NARROWBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM  ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SUB-ASSEMBLIES 1. General1.1. The test method described in this Annex may  be applied to ESAs. 1.2. Measuring apparatusThe measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication  No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISFR). An average detector or a peak detector shall be used for the measurement of radiated narrowband  electromagnetic emissions in this Annex. 1.3. Test method1.3.1. This test is intended to measure the narrowband electromagnetic radiation  such as might emanate from a microprocessor-based system. 1.3.2. As a short (2 to 3 minutes) initial step, choosing one antenna polarization, it is permitted  to make sweeps of the frequency range identified in paragraph 6.1 of this Annex using a spectrum  analyser to indicate the existence and/or whereabouts of peak emissions. This may assist in the  choice of frequencies to be tested (see paragraph 6 of this Annex). 2. Expression of resultsThe results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m  (microvolts/m). 3. Measuring location3.1. The test site shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1  (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) (see Appendix 1 to Annex  VII). 3.2. The measuring set, test hut or vehicle in which the measurement set is located shall be  outside the boundary shown in Appendix 1 to Annex VII. 3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test  facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional  requirements of Appendix 1 to Annex VII other than the distance from the antenna to the ESA under  test and the height of the antenna (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 2 to Annex VII). 3.4. AmbientTo ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to  affect materially the measurement, measurements shall be taken before and after the main test. In  both of these measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits  of interference given in paragraph 6.6.2.1 of Annex I, except for intentional narrowband ambient  transmissions. 4. ESA state during tests4.1. The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode. 4.2. Measurements shall not be made while rain or other precipitation is falling on the ESA under  test or within 10 minutes after rain or other precipitation has stopped. 4.3. Test arrangements4.3.1. The ESA under test and its wiring harnesses shall be supported 50 ± 5  mm above a wooden or equivalent non-conducting table. However, if any part of the ESA under test is  intended to be electrically bonded to a vehicle's metal bodywork, that part shall be placed on a  ground plane and shall be electrically bonded to the ground plane. The ground plane shall be a  metallic sheet with a minimum thickness of 0,5 mm. The minimum size of the ground plane depends on  the size of the ESA under test but shall allow for the distribution of the ESA's wiring harness and  components. The ground plane shall be connected to the protective conductor of the earthing system.  The ground plane shall be situated at a height of 1,0 ± 0,1 m above the test facility floor and  shall be parallel to it. 4.3.2. The ESA under test shall be arranged and connected according to its requirements. The power  supply harness shall be positioned along, and within 100 mm of, the edge of the ground plane/table  closest to the antenna. 4.3.3. The ESA under test shall be connected to the grounding system according to the  manufacturer's installation specification, no additional grounding connections shall be permitted. 4.3.4. The minimum distance between the ESA under test and all other conductive structures, such as  walls of a shielded area (with the exception of the ground plane/table underneath the test object)  must be 1,0 m. 4.4. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via a 5 µH/50  ` resistance artificial network  (AN) which shall be electrically bonded to the ground plane. The electrical supply voltage shall be  maintained to ± 10 % of its nominal system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than  1,5 % of the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN monitoring port. 4.5. If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting cables should  ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the vehicle. If these are not available, the  length between the electronic control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the  loom should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real loads and  actuators. If extraneous equipment is required for the correct operation of the ESA under test,  compensation shall be made for the contribution it makes to the emissions measured. 5. Antenna type, position and orientation5.1. Antenna typeAny linearly polarized antenna may be  used provided it can be normalized to the reference antenna. 5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1. HeightThe phase centre of the antenna shall be 50 ±  10 mm above ground plane. 5.2.2. Distance of measurementThe horizontal distance from the phase centre, or tip of the antenna  as appropriate, to the edge of the ground plane shall be 1,00 ± 0,05 m. No part of the antenna  shall be closer than 0,5 m to the ground plane. The antenna shall be placed parallel to a plane  which is perpendicular to the ground plane and coincident with the edge of the ground plane along  which the principal portion of the harness runs. 5.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electromagnetic  screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no closer than 0,5 m to any radio  absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no  absorbent material between the receiving antenna and vehicle electrical/electronic system under  test. 5.3. Antenna orientation and polarizationAt the measuring point, readings shall be taken both with  the antenna in a vertical and in a horizontal polarization. 5.4. ReadingsThe maximum of the two readings taken (in accordance with paragraph 5.3) at each spot  frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the measurements  were made. 6. Frequencies6.1. MeasurementsMeasurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz  frequency range. This range shall be divided into 13 bands. In each band one spot frequency may be  tested to demonstrate that the required limits are satisfied. To confirm that the ESA under test  meets the requirements of this Annex, the testing authority shall test one such point in each of  the following 13 frequency bands: 30 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, 100 to 130, 130 to 165, 165 to 200, 200 to 250, 250 to 320, 320 to  400, 400 to 520, 520 to 660, 660 to 820, 820 to 1 000 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded  during the test, investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the ESA under test and  not to background radiation. 6.2. If during the initial step which may have been carried out as described in paragraph 1.3 of  this Annex, the radiated narrowband emissions for any of the bands identified in paragraph 6.1 are  at least 10 dB below the reference limit, then the ESA shall be deemed to comply with the  requirements of this Annex in respect of that frequency band.  ANNEX IX METHOD(S) OF TESTING FOR IMMUNITY OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SUB-ASSEMBLIES TO  ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 1. General1.1. The test method(s) described in this Annex may be  applied to ESAs. 1.2. Test methods1.2.1. ESAs may comply with the requirements of any combination of the following  test methods at the manufacturer's discretion provided that this results in the full frequency  range specified in paragraph 5.1 of this Annex being covered. - Stripline testing: see Appendix 1 to this Annex- Bulk current injection testing: see Appendix 2  to this Annex- TEM cell testing: see Appendix 3 to this Annex- Free field test: see Appendix 4 to  this Annex1.2.2. Due to radiation of electromagnetic fields during these tests, all testing shall  be conducted in a shielded area (the TEM cell is a shielded area). 2. Expression of resultsFor the tests described in this Annex, field strengths shall be expressed  in volts/m and injected current shall be expressed in milliamps. 3. Measuring location3.1. The test facility shall be capable of generating the required test  signal over the frequency ranges defined in this Annex. The test facility shall comply with  (national) legal requirements regarding the emission of electromagnetic signals. 3.2. The measuring equipment shall be located outside the chamber. 4. State of ESA during tests4.1. The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode. It shall be  arranged as defined in this Annex unless individual test methods dictate otherwise. 4.2. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via an (5 µ H/50  `) artificial network (AN),  which shall be electrically grounded. The electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 %  of its nominal system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than 1,5 % of the nominal  system operating voltage measured at the AN monitoring port. 4.3. Any extraneous equipment required to operate the ESA under test shall be in place during the  calibration phase. No extraneous equipment shall be closer than 1 m from the reference point during  calibration. 4.4. To ensure reproducible measurement results are obtained when tests and measurements are  repeated, the test signal generating equipment and its layout shall be to the same specification as  that used during each appropriate calibration phase (paragraphs 7.2, 7.3.2.3, 8.4, 9.2 and 10.2 of  this Annex). 4.5. If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting cables should  ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the vehicle. If these are not available, the  length between the electronic control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the  loom should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real loads and  actuators. 5. Frequency range, dwell times5.1. Measurements shall be made in the 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency  range. 5.2. To confirm that the ESA(s) meet(s) the requirements of this Annex, the tests shall be  performed at up to 14 spot frequencies in the range, e.g.: 27, 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900 MHzThe response time of the  equipment under test shall be considered and the dwell time shall be sufficient to allow the  equipment under test to react under normal conditions. In any case, it shall not be less than two  seconds. 6. Characteristics of test signal to be generated6.1. Maximum envelope excursionThe maximuim  envelope excursion of the test signal shall equal the maximum envelope excursion of an unmodulated  sine wave whose rms value is defined in paragraph 6.4.2 of Annex I (see Appendix 4 of Annex VI). 6.2. Test signal wave formThe test signal shall be a radio frequency sine wave, amplitude  modulated by a 1 kHz sine wave at a modulation depth m of 0,8 ± 0,04. 6.3. Modulation depthThe modulation depth m is defined as: m = maximum envelope excursion   minimum envelope excursion maximum envelope excursion + minimum  envelope excursion7. Stripline testing7.1. Test methodThis test method consists of subjecting  the wiring harness connecting the components in an ESA to specified field strengths. 7.2. Field strength measurement in the striplineAt each desired test frequency a level of power  shall be fed into the stripline to produce the required field strength in the test area with the  ESA under test absent, this level of forward power, or another parameter directly related to the  forward power required to define the field, shall be measured and the results recorded. These  results shall be used for type approval tests unless changes occur in the facilities or equipment  which necessitate this procedure being repeated. During this process, the position of the field  probe head shall be under the active conductor, centred in longitudinal, vertical and transversal  directions. The housing of the probe's electronics shall be as far away from the longitudinal  stripline axis as possible. 7.3. Installation of the ESA under test7.3.1. 150 mm stripline testingThe test method allows the  generation of homogeneous fields between an active conductor (the stripline 50  ` impedance), and a  ground plane (the conducting surface of the mounting table), between which part of the wiring  harness may be inserted. The electronic controller(s) of the ESA under test shall be installed on  the ground plane but outside the stripline with one of its edges parallel to the active conductor  of the stripline. It shall be 200 ± 10 mm from a line on the ground plane directly under the edge  of the active conductor. The distance between any edge of the active conductor and any peripheral  device used for measurement shall be at least 200 mm. The wiring harness section of the ESA under  test shall be placed in a horizontal attitude between the active conductor and the ground plane  (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 1 to this Annex). 7.3.1.1. The minimum length of the wiring harness, which shall include the power harness to the  electronic control unit and shall be placed under the stripline, shall be 1,5 m unless the wiring  harness in the vehicle is less than 1,5 m. In this case, the length of the wiring harness shall be  that of the longest length of harness used in the vehicle installation. Any line branches occurring  in this length shall be routed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the line. 7.3.1.2. Alternatively, the fully extended length of the wiring harness, including the length of  the longest of any branches, shall be 1,5 m. 7.3.2. 800 mm stripline testing7.3.2.1. Test methodThe stripline consists of two parallel  metallic plates separated by 800 mm. Equipment under test is positioned centrally between the  plates and subjected to an electromagnetic field (see Figures 3 and 4 of Appendix 1 to this  Annex). This method can test complete electronic systems including sensors and actuators as well as the  controller and wiring loom. It is suitable for apparatus whose largest dimension is less than  one-third of the plate separation. 7.3.2.2. Positioning of striplineThe stripline shall be housed in a screened room (to prevent  external emissions) and positioned 2 m away from walls and any metallic enclosure to prevent  electromagnetic reflections. RF absorber material may be used to damp these reflections. The  stripline shall be placed on non-conducting supports at least 0,4 m above the floor. 7.3.2.3. Calibration of the striplineA field measuring probe shall be positioned within the  central one-third of the longitudinal, vertical and transverse dimensions of the space between the  parallel plates with the system under test absent. The associated measuring equipment shall be  sited outside the screen room. At each desired test frequency, a level of power shall be fed into the stripline to produce the  required field strength at the antenna. This level of forward power, or another parameter directly  related to the forward power required to define the field, shall be used for type approval tests  unless changes occur in the facilities or equipment which necessitate this procedure being  repeated. 7.3.2.4. Installation of the ESA under testThe main control unit shall be positioned within the  central one-third of the longitudinal, vertical and transverse dimensions of the space between the  parallel plates. It shall be supported on a stand made from non-conducting material. 7.3.2.5. Main wiring loom and sensor/actuator cablesThe main wiring loom and any sensor/actuator  cables shall rise vertically from the control unit to the top ground plate (this helps to maximise  coupling with the electromagnetic field). Then they shall follow the underside of the plate to one  of its free edges where they shall loop over and follow the top of the ground plate as far as the  connections to the stripline feed. The cables shall then be routed to the associated equipment  which shall be sited in an area outside the influence of the electromagnetic field, e.g.: on the  floor of the screened room 1 m longitudinally away from the stripline. 8. Free field ESA immunity test8.1. Test methodThis test method allows the testing of vehicle  electrical/electronic systems by exposing an ESA to electromagnetic radiation generated by an  antenna. 8.2. Test bench descriptionThe test shall be performed inside a semi-anechoic chamber on a bench  top. 8.2.1. Ground plane8.2.1.1. For free field immunity testing, the ESA under test and its wiring  harnesses shall be supported 50 ± 5 mm above a wooden or equivalent non-conducting table. However,  if any part of the ESA under test is intended to be electrically bonded to a vehicle's metal  bodywork, that part shall be placed on a ground plane and shall be electrically bonded to the  ground plane. The ground plane shall be a metallic sheet with a minimum thickness of 0,5 mm. The  minimum size of the ground plane depends on the size of the ESA under test but shall allow for the  distribution of the ESA's wiring harness and components. The ground plane shall be connected to the  protective conductor of the earthing system. The ground plane shall be situated at a height of 1,0  ± 0,1 m above the test facility floor and shall be parallel to it. 8.2.1.2. The ESA under test shall be arranged and connected according to its requirements. The  power supply harness shall be positioned along, and within 100 mm of, the edge of the ground  plane/table closest to the antenna. 8.2.1.3. The ESA under test shall be connected to the grounding system according to the  manufacturer's installation specification, no additional grounding connections shall be permitted. 8.2.1.4. The minimum distance between the ESA under test and all other conductive structures, such  as walls of a shielded area (with the exception of the ground plane/table underneath the test  object) must be 1,0 m. 8.2.1.5. The dimension of any ground plane shall be 2,25 square meter or larger in area with the  smaller side no less than 750 mm. The ground plane shall be bonded to the chamber with bonding  straps such that the DC bonding resistance shall not exceed 2,5 milliohms. 8.2.2. Installation of ESA under testFor large equipment mounted on a metal test stand, the test  stand shall be considered a part of the ground plane for testing purposes and shall be bonded  accordingly. The faces of the test sample shall be located at a minimum of 200 mm from the edge of  the ground plane. All leads and cables shall be a minimum of 100 mm from the edge of the ground  plane and the distance to the ground plane (from the lowest point of the harness) shall be 50 ± 5  mm above the ground plane. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via an (5 µ H/50  `)  artificial network (AN). 8.3. Field generating device type, position and orientation8.3.1. Field generating device  type8.3.1.1. The field generating device type(s) shall be chosen such that the desired field  strength is achieved at the reference point (see paragraph 8.3.4 of this Annex) at the appropriate  frequencies. 8.3.1.2. The field generating device(s) may be (an) antenna(s) or a plate antenna. 8.3.1.3. The construction and orientation of any field generating device shall be such that the  generated field is polarised: from 20 to 1 000 MHz horizontally or vertically. 8.3.2. Height and distance of measurement8.3.2.1. HeightThe phase centre of any antenna shall be  150 ± 10 mm above the ground plane on which the ESA under test rests. No parts of any antenna's  radiating elements shall be closer than 250 mm to the floor of the facility. 8.3.2.2. Distance of measurement8.3.2.2.1. In-service conditions may best be approximated by  placing the field generating device as far from the ESA as practical. This distance will typically  lie within the range 1 to 5 m. 8.3.2.2.2. If the test is carried out in an enclosed facility, the field generating device's  radiating elements shall be no closer than 0,5 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer than  1,5 m to the wall of the facility. There shall be no absorbent material interposed between the  transmitting antenna and the ESA under test. 8.3.3. Antenna location relative to ESA under test8.3.3.1. The field generating device's radiating  elements shall not be closer than 0,5 m to the edge of the ground plane. 8.3.3.2. The phase centre of the field generating device shall be on a plane which: (a) is perpendicular to the ground plane; (b) bisects the edge of the ground plane and the midpoint of the principal portion of the wiring  harness; and(c) is perpendicular to the edge of the ground plane and the principal portion of the wiring  harness. The field generating device shall be placed parallel to this plane (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix  4 to this Annex). 8.3.3.3. Any field generating device which is placed over the ground plane or ESA under test shall  extend over the ESA under test. 8.3.4. Reference pointFor the purpose of this Annex the reference point is the point at which the  field strength shall be established and shall be defined as follows: 8.3.4.1. at least 1 m horizontally from the antenna phase centre or at least 1 m vertically from  the radiating elements of a plate antenna; 8.3.4.2. on a plane which: (a) is perpendicular to the ground plane; (b) is perpendicular to the edge of the ground plane along which the principal portion of the  wiring harness runs; and(c) bisects the edge of the ground plane and the midpoint of the principal portion of the  wiring harness; (d) coincident with the midpoint of the principal portion of the harness which runs along the edge  of the ground plane closest to the antenna; 8.3.4.3. 150 ± 10 mm above the ground plane. 8.4. Generation of required field strength: test methodology8.4.1. the 'substitution method' shall  be used to establish the test field conditions. 8.4.2. Substitution methodAt each desired test frequency, a level of power shall be fed into the  field generating device to produce the required field strength at the reference point (as defined  in paragraph 8.3.4 in the test area with the ESA under test absent), this level of forward power,  or another parameter directly related to the forward power required to define the field, shall be  measured and the results recorded. These results shall be used for type approval tests unless  changes occur in the facilities or equipment which necessitates this procedure being repeated. 8.4.3. Extraneous equipment must be a minimum of 1 m from the reference point during calibration. 8.4.4. Field strength measuring deviceA suitable compact field strength measuring device shall be  used to determine the field strength during the calibration phase of the substitution method. 8.4.5. The phase centre of the field strength measuring device shall be positioned at the reference  point. 8.4.6. The ESA under test which may include an additional ground plane shall then be introduced  into the test facility and positioned in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 8.3. If a  second ground plane is used, then it shall be within 5 mm of the bench ground plane and  electrically bounded to it. The required forward power defined in paragraph 8.4.2 at each frequency  as defined in paragraph 5 shall then be applied to the field generating device. 8.4.7. Whatever parameter was chosen in paragraph 8.4.2 to define the field, the same parameter  shall be used to determine the field strength during the test. 8.5. Field strength contour8.5.1. During the calibration phase of the substitution method (prior  to an ESA under test being introduced into the test area), the field strength shall not be less  than 50 % of the nominal field strength 0,5 ± 0,05 m either side of the reference point on a line  parallel to the edge of the ground plane nearest to the antenna and passing through the reference  point. 9. TEM cell testing9.1. Test methodThe TEM (transverse electromagnetic mode) cell generates  homogeneous fields between the internal conductor (septum) and housing (ground plane). It is used  for testing ESAs (see Figure 1 of Appendix 3 to this Annex)). 9.2. Field strength measurement in a TEM cell9.2.1. The electric field in the TEM cell shall be  determined by using the equation: >START OF GRAPHIC>|E| = √(P × Z) d>END OF GRAPHIC>E = Electric field (volts/metre)P =  Power flowing into cell (W)Z = Impedance of cell (50  `)d = Separation distance (metres) between  the upper wall and the plate (septum). 9.2.2. Alternatively an appropriate field strength sensor shall be placed in the upper half of the  TEM cell. In this part of the TEM cell the electronic control unit(s) has only a small influence on  the test field. The output of this sensor shall determine the field strength. 9.3. Dimensions of TEM cellIn order to maintain a homogeneous field in the TEM cell and to obtain  repeatable measurement results, the test object shall not be larger than one-third of the cell  inside height. Recommended TEM cell dimensions are given in Appendix 3, Figures 2 and 3 to this  Annex. 9.4. Power, signal and control wiresThe TEM cell shall be attached to a co-axial socket panel and  connected as closely as possible to a plug connector with an adequate number of pins. The supply  and signal leads from the plug connector in the cell wall shall be directly connected to the test  object. The external components such as sensors, power supply and control elements can be connected: (a) to a screened peripheral; (b) to a vehicle next to the TEM cell; or(c) directly to the screened patchboard. Screened cables must be used in connecting the TEM cell to the peripheral or the vehicle if the  vehicle or peripheral is not in the same or adjacent screened room. 10. Bulk current injection testing10.1. Test methodThis is a method of carrying out immunity  tests by inducing currents directly into a wiring harness using a current injection probe. The  injection probe consists of a coupling clamp through which the cables of the ESA under test are  passed. Immunity tests can then be carried out by varying the frequency of the induced signals. The ESA under test may be installed on a ground plane as in paragraph 8.2.1 or in a vehicle in  accordance with the vehicle design specification. 10.2. Calibration of bulk current injection probe prior to commencing testsThe injection probe  shall be mounted in a calibration jig. Whilst sweeping the test frequency range, the power required  to achieve the current specified in Annex I, paragraph 6.7.2.1 shall be monitored. This method  calibrates the bulk current injection system forward power versus current prior to testing, and it  is this forward power which shall be applied to the injection probe when connected to the ESA under  test via the cables used during calibration. It should be noted that the monitored power applied to  the injection probe is the forward power. 10.3. Installation of the ESA under testFor an ESA mounted on a ground plane as in paragraph 8.2.1  all cables in the wiring harness should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably  with real loads and actuators. For both vehicle mounted and ground plane mounted ESAs the current  injection probe shall be mounted in turn around all the wires in the wiring harness to each  connector and 150 ± 10mm from each connector of the ESA under test electronic control units (ECU),  instrument modules or active sensors as illustrated in Figure 1 of Appendix 2. 10.4. Power, signal and control wiresFor an ESA under test mounted on a ground plane as in  paragraph 8.2.1, a wiring harness shall be connected between an artificial network (AN) and the  principal electronic control unit (ECU). This harness shall run parallel to the edge of the ground  plane and 200 mm minimum from its edge. This harness shall contain the power feed wire which is  used to connect the vehicle battery to this ECU and the power return wire if used on the vehicle. The distance from the ECU to the AN shall be 1,0 ± 0,1 m or shall be the harness length between the  ECU and the battery as used on the vehicle, if known, whichever is the shorter. If a vehicle  harness is used then any line branches which occur in this length shall be routed along the ground  plane but perpendicular away from the edge of the ground plane. Otherwise the ESA under test wires  which are in this length shall break out at the AN. Appendix 1 Figure 1 150 mm Stripline testing>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 1 Figure 2 > REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 1 Figure 3 800 mm Stripline testing>REFERENCE TO A FILM> Appendix 1 Figure 4 800 mm Stripline dimensions>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 2 Figure 1  Example of BCI test configuration>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 3 Figure 1 TEM cell testing> REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 3 Figure 2 TEM cell dimensions>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 3  Figure 3 The following table shows the dimensions for constructing a cell with specified upper  frequency limits: >TABLE>Typical TEM cell dimensions>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 4 Figure 1 > REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 4 Figure 2 >REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 1 Figure 1  150 mm Stripline testing>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 1 Figure 2 >REFERENCE TO A FILM> Appendix 1 Figure 3 800 mm Stripline testing>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 1 Figure 4 800  mm Stripline dimensions>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 2 Figure 1 Example of  BCI test configuration>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 2 Figure 1 TEM cell  testing>REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 3 Figure 2 TEM cell dimensions>REFERENCE TO A FILM> Appendix 3 Figure 3 >REFERENCE TO A FILM>Appendix 4 Figure 1 >REFERENCE  TO A FILM>Appendix 4 Figure 2 >REFERENCE TO A FILM>