What is the fine-grained topic of the following text: As a result of these increases, patients are concerned about increasing out-of-pocket costs, clinicians must assess whether “do no harm” includes patient financial harm, and payers want to know if novel therapies are worth the cost.1 To answer these questions, some organizations have created value frameworks that can be applied to cancer therapies. Only return the topic.
Value frameworks for assessing the cost-effectiveness of cancer therapies.