Grigoriew, writing in German, used the terms 'Torf-Erdhugel' (peat-earth mounds, 2-6 m high) and 'Hocker' (knobs, up to 1 m … 153-157), 'bugor pucheniya' is a frost mound, and 'bugor torfyanoy' (or 'bugristye torfyaniki' — P'yavchenko, 1955) is a peat mound or palsa. Fyodorov and Ivanov (1974) cite 'bugor pucheniya' as referring to a palsa ''('pals')'' but also used the term in explaining the term pingo.<ref>{{Internetquelle|url=http://books.google.se/books?id=gtwSAQAAIAAJ&q=pals+frost+torf&dq=pals+frost+torf&hl=de&sa=X&ei=EdWUU_r1OfTQ4QSKkICgBQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAw|titel=Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse|zugriff=2014-06-08}}</ref>
''[[Geologie]]:'' eine [[Frostaufwölbung]] aus [[Torf]] und [[Eis]]