Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) is a new development in the field of psychodynamic therapy that particularly aims at patients with severe difficulties in affect regulation. Initially, MBT was developed for the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder. At the moment, the scope of MBT is broadened to other mental disorders, such as psychosis, eating disorders and antisocial personality disorder as well as to low personality functioning in adolescence. The core model of MBT regarding therapeutic stance and technique aims to restore mentalization especially in the context of attachment relationships. In contrast to other psychodynamic therapies, MBT remains in the "here and now" with a focus on current affects and relationships (including the therapeutic relationship). There is initial evidence that MBT shows effectiveness with the particular patient groups addressed.