The choice of carrier material has a crucial influence on the performance of the immobilized enzyme. Nanocomposites, which not only have the properties of nanoscale, but also overcome the shortcoming of a single material, have attracted tremendous attention in the field of immobilized enzyme. In this paper, classifications of nanocomposite carriers which are currently used in the field of immobilized enzyme are systematically elaborated; the preparation and the significantly enhanced enzymology properties of enzymes immobilized on Si-based nanocomposites, C-based nanocomposites and nanofibers composites are introduced. The outlook of enzymes immobilized on these nanocomposites is also prospected.