Rapid changes in modern medicine along with advances in the science of learning and memory have necessitated a shift in the way physician knowledge is assessed. Physician recertification beyond initial certification has historically consisted of retaining large amounts of knowledge over a long time span. The adult learning theory has shown that the maintenance and improvement of our knowledge base is more effective by being exposed to new concepts at regular intervals throughout one's career and reinforcing these concepts on an ongoing basis. These philosophies have spurred several American Board of Medical Specialties member boards to embark on a variety of continuous assessment models that are designed to keep physicians up to date with the use of new technologies and innovative and flexible question formats. This article describes the new American Board of Allergy and Immunology (ABAI) Continuous Assessment Program. As the ABAI departs from the traditional secure examination/test center model and embarks on its new pilot, the focus remains firmly rooted in the core competencies that patients and the public demand and deserve. Through surveys, the ABAI has laid the groundwork for initial program design by asking its diplomates to rank the most relevant aspects of a sound clinical assessment. Periodic surveys to follow will enable the ABAI to adjust program design to provide the most pertinent content to practicing physicians to improve patient care, promote professionalism, and ensure public trust. (C) 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.