Objective: Vasectomies are safe and effective family-planning options, however, the factors associated with their utilization are poorly understood. Here, we examine differences in vasectomy rates according to socioeconomic status, education, and family composition. Materials and methods: Retrospective surgical records were reviewed of vasectomies completed between January 2008 and September 2011 in China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Men who received a vasectomy were questioned in person or by telephone interview. Questionnaires consisting of demographic, socioeconomic, and reproductive characteristics were analyzed to assess vasectomy associations. Relationships between seasonal sterilization numbers and prosperity were analyzed. Results: Consequently, 292 married male Taiwanese patients were studied. One hundred and sixty two patients answered the questionnaire. Men who chose vasectomies were relatively well-educated (111 men), boychild bearing (143 men), and belonged to families of higher socioeconomic standing (120). About half (47.8%, 78 men) of vasectomy recipients underwent the procedure within 1 year of the birth of their last child. The seasonal vasectomy number also showed a negative correlation with seasonal Taiwan Monitoring Indicators, reflecting prosperity lev. (r =-0.725, p = 0.002). Conclusion: After accounting for reproductive history, partner, and demographic characteristics, education status, already having male children, and belonging to the middle class were factors associated with vasectomy acquisition. Further research is needed to identify causes for these differences. Additionally, economic fluctuations appear related to sterilization decisions within families. Copyright (C) 2015, Taiwan Urological Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.