Oral immunotherapy may offer an alternative to elimination diets in peanut allergy. Of 72 children for whom this treatment was proposed following an oral challenge test (TPO1), 68 agreed and entered a personalised oral immunotherapy study. There were 10 treatment failures and 31 patients underwent a second oral challenge during treatment (TPO2). Cumulative reactogenic dose and clinical severity score were compared. Skin tests and assay of IgE specific for peanut allergy were first performed prior to TPO1 and again during follow-up. The mean age of these 31 patients was 8.1 years. The median time between two challenge tests was 1.4 years. The mean cumulative reactogenic dose between TPO1 (4207 mg of peanut) and TPO2 (8769 mg of peanut) increased significantly (P < 0.001). Conversely, the clinical severity score was significantly reduced between the two challenge tests (P < 0.001). No serious adverse effects were reported during immunotherapy. This treatment in a paediatric population, administered at the patients' homes, confirms the efficacy of the therapy as well as an acceptable benefit/risk ratio consistent with the data. Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy is part of a personalised therapeutic approach for children with food allergies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.