China' s vast territory includes seven river basins, such as the Yangtze River basin, the Yellow River basin and the Huaihe basin. The relevant water resources management agencies have made great contributions to promote a sound and rapid economic and social development of the watersheds. The water resources management involves a wide area of river basin and needs the overall planning of its upper, middle and lower reaches, banks, tributaries, surface and underground, water quantity and water quality, and exploitation and protection and so on. In 2011, No. 1 Central Document and the Central Conference of Irrigation Work clearly put forward the most strict water resources management system. In February 2012, the State Council issued the "Views on Implementation of the Most Strict Water Resources Management System", which brought new and more serious challenges to river basin water resources management. With the background, based on a comparison between the river basin "water resources management systems at home and abroad and aiming at the possible solutions to the weakness of China' s basin region combined management system, this study provides some countermeasures for further improvement of China' s water resources management from the following aspects: legal system construction, management operating system, power and authority division, monitoring ability, and safeguard mechanism.