Virtual reality technology is a kind of cross-integration computer technology which is developed on the basis of multiple disciplines, such as computer graphics, sensor technology and computer simulation display. According to the very few applications of the virtual reality technology in a present ancient cavern, an ancient cavern protection scheme based on virtual reality technology is proposed. This paper takes Cuiguangyan ancient caverns, which is an important part of Longyou Grottoes, as an example to virtually reappear the damaged area of Cuiguangyan ancient caverns and the spatial environment existed in history. It provides the basis to the protection and development of the ancient caverns of Cuiguangyan, and it is a beneficial attempt for the application of the virtual reality technology in ancient cavern protection.