We quantified differences in trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral head between patients with proximal femoral fractures and healthy subjects in the control group by using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with the purpose of providing guidance for the choice of head screw in the intramedullary nail fixation. Participants suffering from intertrochanteric fractures (n=536 patients) were recruited. In addition, 497 fracture-free, age-matched cases were considered as the control group. The volumetric BMD of different regions of interest (ROI) in the proximal femur scanned by QCT were analyzed between the fracture and control groups. BMD of proximal femur in the fracture group was markedly lower than that in the control group. There were significant differences at distinct regions for male and female between the two groups. Furthermore, the trend of BMD changes among the femoral head, femoral neck and intertrochanter were not parallels in terms of their average value. In conclusion, osteoporosis has been demonstrated to be a main risk factor of the proximal femoral fracture. BMD value of proximal femur was often inconsistent with that of femoral head. Given this, preoperative QCT assessment plays an important role in choosing proper head screw in the intramedullary nail fixation.