Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of mortality in cancer patients; non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for similar to 80% of lung cancer cases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been revealed to perform an important role in cancer development and progression. Based on a custom miRNA microarray analysis of patients with NSCLC, miRNA-615-3p (miR-615-3p) downregulation was identified in NSCLC tissues compared with normal lung tissues, which suggested that miR-615-3p acted as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer. The overexpression of miR-615-3p was then validated using 40 pairs of NSCLC and adjacent normal tissue samples using a TaqMan reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. In order to investigate the tumor suppressor function of miR-615-3p, the ectopic expression of miR-615-3p in the NSCLC A549, H1299 and H1650 cell lines was established. The results revealed that overexpressed miR-615-3p markedly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in the 3 NSCLC cell lines compared with the cells overexpressing the negative control sequence (NC). Additional investigation revealed that miR-615-3p overexpression significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in the A549, H1299 and H1650 cell lines compared with the cells overexpressing NC. Finally, ectopic expression of miR-615-3p was found to repress the cell migration and invasion of the 3 lung cancer cell lines. The results of the present study demonstrate, for the first time, that miR-615-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC, and may be a novel potential molecular therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC.