Regional temperature and quantitative regional cerebral blood flow responses to cortical spreading depolarization in the rat were continuously monitored in the same tissue using a microfabricated thermal diffusion sensor that recalibrates and measures in 5-s cycles. The regional cerebral blood flow response had four phases, including early hyperemia (peak: 226% of baseline; duration: 113.1 +/- 14.4s) and late oligemia (minimum: 57%, duration: 28.4 +/- 3.7min). Temperature rose with the start of the regional cerebral blood flow response to a peak increase of 0.28 +/- 0.06 degrees C and returned to baseline near the start of oligemia. This technology may be useful for multimodal monitoring in both the laboratory and clinic.