Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between peripheral CD34(+) and bone marrow CD34(+) levels and the clinicopathologic characteristics and laboratory parameters of myeloproliferative disease (MPD) patients. Patients and methods: A total of 103 MPD patients were enrolled in this study. We examined the relationship between bone marrow CD34(+) and peripheral CD34(+) levels and the patients' clinicopathologic and laboratory parameters. Results: There were no significant correlations between the peripheral CD34(+) levels and the JAK-2 V617F mutation, thrombosis, white blood cells (WBC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transferrin saturation (TS), ferritin, or bone marrow cellularity. In addition, there were no significant correlations between bone marrow CD34(+) levels and the JAK-2 V617F mutation, thrombosis, WBC, LDH, TS, ferritin, or bone marrow cellularity (P >0.05). We did not identify any significant relationship between peripheral CD34(+) and bone marrow CD34(+) levels (P >0.05). However, there were significant correlations between peripheral CD34(+) levels and bone marrow fibrosis (P < 0.001), between bone marrow CD34(+) levels and constitutional symptoms (P < 0.05), and between bone marrow CD34(+) levels and bone marrow fibrosis (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We did not find any significant relationship between the clinicopathologic and laboratory characteristics and peripheral and bone marrow CD34(+) cells from bone marrow fibrosis patients. There was also no significant relationship between bone marrow CD34(+) cells and peripheral CD34(+) cells. Some peripheral CD34(+) cells may originate from the spleen rather than the bone marrow, which may given us different result of some parameters.