The transition of adolescents with chronic conditions is a challenging task. This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of adolescents with chronic conditions in the transition period and to apply these findings to the design of a generic patient education programme. Data were collected from a sample of 29 adolescents with chronic conditions from Northern Germany and Switzerland including a broad range of views due to variation in disease management and organisation of care both in paediatric and adult populations. Participants were interviewed in group (n = 18) or individual (n = 11) interviews between September 2011 and February 2012, and the data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed that the interviewees expressed high levels of competency in the management of their chronic conditions but identified gaps in healthcare and unmet needs during transition. In particular, they believed that they would benefit from opportunities to exchange ideas and more specific information with peers about vocational and medical issues concerning adolescent health. Identified themes reflecting adolescent needs were used to develop the transition workshop including modules regarding the following: transfer to adult medicine, their new role as a patient, orientation within the healthcare system, vocational issues, detachment from parents, social support, contraception, substance abuse, family planning, stress-management, activation of resources and developing personal goals. The workshop's content was largely generic and included some condition-specific components. The workshop was designed as a compact 2-day patient education programme in a group setting for adolescents prior to their transfer to adult care. The guiding principle was the idea of empowerment by supporting the adolescents through various interactive methods to develop adequate knowledge, skills, understanding and motivation regarding their chronic conditions. We conclude that patient education programmes promoting adolescent self-management and empowerment increase the preparedness for transition.