AimTo examine medication use among patients with dementia towards the end of their life and to evaluate the appropriateness of medication use by using a nationwide database. MethodsUsing Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 6532 people with dementia that died between 2008 and 2012. For each person with dementia, data of medication use in the last month of outpatient setting (vs -12th month [baseline]) and last hospitalization (vs -3rd hospitalization [baseline]) before death were retrieved for study. The medications of interest were selected according to a consensus recommendation, which included five categories defining their appropriateness (i.e. always, sometimes, rarely and never appropriate, as well as no consensus). Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to analyze the determinants for use of never appropriate medications. ResultsApproximately 10% of the study participants were prescribed medications categorized as never appropriate in the last month of life in the outpatient settings, which was significantly lower than their baseline (-12th month: 17.5%; P<0.0001). A similar pattern was identified in the last hospitalization before death. Older age was associated with a lower likelihood of being prescribed never appropriate medications (age 75-84: aOR 0.34 [0.29-0.41], P<0.0001; age 85: aOR 0.34 [0.28-0.40], P<0.0001). In contrast, patients with a history of diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.31 [1.10-1.55], P=0.0018) were associated with a higher likelihood of being prescribed never appropriate medications. ConclusionsThis is the first study to sophisticatedly describe medications use, particularly according to their appropriateness for palliative care, in Asian people with dementia at the end of their life. Approximately 10% of all patients were prescribed never appropriate medications at the end of their life, which deserves further study to evaluate the clinical impact of the quality of care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017: 17 (Suppl. 1): 65-74..