Background: Adults with coeliac disease (CD) often report persistent fatigue, even when CD appears well controlled for unknown reasons. Aims: To evaluate common indications for testosterone panel (TP) testing and prevalence of low testosterone (T) in CD. Methods: In our case series, we determined common indications for checking TP in CD. Next, we conducted a case-control study to compare TP in CD vs. healthy controls (HC). We compared mean total T (TT), free T (FT) based on serologic, histologic disease activity. Finally, we assessed TT in tissue transglutaminase (tTG)+ vs. tTG-subjects and CD vs. HC obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Results: 53 coeliac males had TP tested. Common indications included osteoporosis and fatigue. Low FT was observed in 7/13 men with osteoporosis and 5/6 with fatigue. In our case-control study (n = 26 each), there was no difference in mean TT or FT between CD vs. HC, tTG+ vs tTG-or Marsh 0 vs. Marsh 3 groups. NHANES data showed no difference in mean TT between tTG+ vs tTG-(n = 16 each) or CD vs. HC subjects (n = 5 each). Conclusions: Low T occurs in CD patients at a similar rate as the general population. Common presentations of low T may mimic non-responsive CD symptoms. (C) 2016 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.