Anxiety and depression are two common psychological disorders with high morbidity worldwide. Understanding of their prevalence of patients with chronic respiratory diseases is becoming more and more important for clinicians. The current study aims at investigation of the prevalence and potential risk factors of anxiety and depression among patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The psychological status, anxiety and depression, and the relevant risk factors of 1713 patients with chronic respiratory diseases from 8 general hospitals in Jiangsu Province of China were evaluated. The results showed that the patients with chronic respiratory diseases experiencing depression and anxiety accounted for 46.00% and 25.34%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lower body mass index (BMI), sleep disorders, limitation of physical activity, and negative life events were significantly associated with an increased risk of both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Poor marital status including divorce, separation and widowerhood was markedly correlated with an increased risk of depression, and chronic pain was with anxiety symptoms, respectively. Collectively, the data demonstrated that depression and anxiety were highly prevalent among the patients with chronic respiratory diseases. It is greatly significant to take specific psychological measures to lower the incidence of depression and anxiety in these patients.