Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)), specifically Group VIIA PLA(2), is a member of the phospholipase A(2) superfamily and is found mainly associated with LDL and HDL in human plasma. Lp-PLA(2) is considered as a risk factor, a potential biomarker, a target for therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, and evidence suggests that the level of Lp-PLA(2) in plasma is associated with the risk of future cardiovascular and stroke events. The differential location of the enzyme in LDL/HDL lipoproteins has been suggested to affect Lp-PLA(2) function and/or its physiological role and an abnormal distribution of the enzyme may correlate with diseases. Although a mutagenesis study suggested that a surface helix (residues 362-369) mediates the association between Lp-PLA(2) and HDL, the molecular details and mechanism of association has remained unknown. We have now employed hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to characterize the interaction between recombinant human Lp-PLA(2) and human HDL. We have found that specific residues 113-120, 192-204, and 360-368 likely mediate HDL binding. In a previous study, we showed that residues 113-120 are important for Lp-PLA(2)-liposome interactions. We now find that residues 192-204 show a decreased deuteration level when Lp-PLA2 is exposed to apoA-I, but not apoA-II, the most abundant apoproteins in HDL, and additionally, residues 360-368 are only affected by HDL. The results suggest that apoA-I and phospholipid membranes play crucial roles in Lp-PLA(2) localization to HDL.-Cao, J., Y.-H. Hsu, S. Li, V. L. Woods, Jr., and E. A. Dennis. Structural basis of specific interactions of Lp-PLA(2) with HDL revealed by hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. J. Lipid Res. 2013. 54: 127-133.