Background/Purpose: This study aims to study the factors that affect the stamina of elderly patients during trospium treatment. Methods: To carry out the experiment, 843 men and women older than 60 years (average age, 68.4 years) who had been taking trospium for 12 months were selected. The questionnaire survey on demographic and social status, financial statement analysis, academic certificates, Overactive bladder Questionnaire short form and Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form questionnaires, bladder diaries, and uroflowmetry were used for studies of adherence to treatment. Results: The average time of reaching the 30-day trospium-treatment-free period (compliance "survival rate") was 191 days. The percentage of patients who remained compliant for 6 months and 1 year were 58.3% and 44.0%, respectively. According to our data, the percentage of highly educated (59.3%), married (63.8%), and city (70.6%) residents who are aware of the nature of their disease (77.5%) are significantly higher in the cohort of consistent patients; yet the percentage of caffeine abusers is lower (10.9%). In this cohort, the percentage of income spent on trospium purchase (3.1%) was lower, but income and payment level for medical expenses were higher (p <= 0.05 and p <= 0.01, respectively, compared with other cohorts). An analysis of regressive models of changes in squared percentage of income and trospium costs has confirmed the hypothesis of the impact of these factors on treatment compliance. In the cohort of consistent patients, the average number of points of role physical, social functioning, role emotional, and mental health values that describe the health impact on the quality of life turned out to be significantly higher. Severe incontinence symptoms (70.8%) and overactive bladder (35.9%) prevailed among patients of this cohort, which were also associated with high treatment efficacy and a significantly lower number of side effects (9.3%). Conclusion: High trospium treatment compliance among elderly men and women is determined by several uneven demographic, social, economic, and medical factors. Copyright (C) 2016, Asia Pacific League of Clinical Gerontology & Geriatrics. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).