Nanofibers have yield potential applications in areas such as filtration, recovery of metal ions, drug release, dentistry, tissue engineering, catalysts and enzyme carriers, wound healing, protective clothing, cosmetics, biosensors, medical implants and energy storage. Improvement of catalytic efficiency of immobilized enzymes via materials engineering is demonstrated through the preparation of bioactive nanofibers. The nanofibers are produced by electrospinning, can be followed by the chemical attachment of a model enzyme. On the other hand, from a biological perspective, almost all human tissues and organs are deposited in some kind of nanofibrous form or structure.