There is good evidence for gender-specific differences in asthma regarding all affected areas, from intra- to extracellular mediators to the whole organ structure und functioning of the lung. These result from complex, in parts synergistic, in other parts opposing effects, especially of female sex hormones, and rather asthma protective effects of male hormones, which include effects on the cellular immune system. Additionally, there are gender differences of sociocultural origin, regarding presentation, doctors diagnosis and treatment of asthma symptoms, as well as the undertaken coping strategies concerning the female or male patients complaints. Taking into account for gender-specific differences in asthma would contribute to improved individual diagnosis and therapies.