Background: Previous research has produced inconsistent evidence of an association between housing stability and medication adherence among HIV-positive individuals in antiretroviral therapy. Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of the housing- adherence relationship based on a comprehensive search of observational studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (January 2000-January 2016). Ten qualifying studies were identified representing 10,556 individuals. Methods: A random-effects model was used to estimate the overall effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI). Robustness of the estimate was determined by sensitivity analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by meta-regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and quality effects estimation. Publication bias was evaluated with a funnel plot and the Egger and Begg tests. Results: The summary effect for the association between housing stability and medication adherence was positive and significant (standardized mean difference = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.29). The association was slightly larger in the quality effects analysis (standardized mean difference = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.39). Sensitivity analysis disclosed that the association was robust at the P = 0.09 level. Results of the subgroup and meta-regression analyses were nonsignificant. Publication bias was not detected. Conclusion: Antiretroviral medication adherence is an increasing function of housing stability, but the magnitude of the effect is small. The finding challenges the view that unstable housing is incompat-ible with adherence and questions the potential benefit of deferring antiretroviral therapy initiation until the patient's housing circumstances are improved.