Autism is considered today a neurological development disorder which appears in early infancy and is characterized by social interaction difficulties, communication problems and reduced and repetitive behavioral patterns, interests and activities. This paper presents a bibliographic review about the different treatments that currently deal with communication difficulties in children with this disorder, on a two-axis conceptual basis: approaching modalities and underlying theoretical perspectives. On the one hand, two different ways of approach are defined according to the objectives pursued in practice: the educative and the therapeutic modalities. On the other hand, the same practices according to the theoretical framework that support them are presented: those related to the cognitive behavioral theory and those based on psychoanalysis which introduces the importance of the subject and social ties. The objective of this article is to analyze the contributions and limitations of each of the different theoretical approaches here presented, detailing the scope they have achieved regarding the aforementioned diagnosis.