Compelling evidence of gender differences in authoritarianism, self-esteem, and mental disorders can be found in the psychology literature. However, researchers have not yet identified their etiologies. The traumatology perspective proposes that gender discrimination (GD) contributes to such differences. GD promotes internalized male superiority and enhanced self-esteem that increase authoritarianism and impact men's behavior. GD promotes internalized gender inferiority in women and decreased self-esteem, predicting internalizing disorders. In 2 samples (Sample 1, N = 319 women; Sample 2, N = 204 men), using path analysis, we tested this perspective. In the men's sample, externalizing accounted for about.75 of the variance. GD predicted internalized male superiority, increased externalizing, addiction, psychoticism, authoritarianism, and selfesteem, and decreased internalizing. In the women's sample, GD predicted increased internalized female inferiority, internalizing, and lowered self-esteem. Internalizing accounted for .415 of the variance. The results identified some etiologies and dynamics that contribute to gender differences. We then discussed the implications of these findings for advocating for gender equality.