Aristotle in his Politics, discusses: the territorial size of the city-state, the division of the land between public and private, the size of the population, and the desired per citizen product which is determined on the basis of the concept of good life. In this paper the above elements are combined to construct a model which describes the long-run equilibrium position of the economy of the city-state. This position is determined by the optimal land population ratio and it is reached through changes in population by means of birth control policies.