Functional electrode materials play an increasingly important role in the advancement of energy conversion and storage technologies used in batteries, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and other electrochemical devices. To address the problems related to accelerating demand for the so-called renewable energy, which are simultaneously coupled with environmental concerns, new generations of materials, engineering methodologies, and innovative techniques are necessary. Among many synthetic methods, microwave-assisted synthesis becomes nowadays a very popular approach to efficiently control both the composition and morphology of solids. In this review, we focus on its applications to create new advanced energy electrode materials.