Objective: To examine the relation between neuroticism and fatigue in Chinese patients with stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Acute stroke unit. Participants: Survivors of ischemic stroke (N = 191) recruited from the acute stroke unit between May 1, 2010, and September 1, 2011. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: The personality trait of neuroticism was measured with the neuroticism subscale of the Chinese version of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The level of fatigue was measured with the Fatigue Assessment Scale. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Barthel Index, and Mini-Mental State Examination were administered to obtain demographic and clinical information. Results: Fatigue severity 3 months after stroke positively correlated with Geriatric Depression Scale and NEO Five-Factor Inventory neuroticism scores and negatively correlated with the Barthel Index score. Conclusions: Neuroticism, independent of depressive symptoms, is a predictor of fatigue severity 3 months after stroke. Interventions such as psychological screening programs are warranted for early detection of patients at high risk of poststroke depression. (C) 2016 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine