People with psychopathology experience high rates of smoking and have more trouble quitting. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Tellegen & Ben-Porath, 2008, 2009) is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of psychopathology. In this study, we examined the ability of the MMPI-2-RF to assess psychopathology and to predict smoking cessation outcomes in a sample of 281 smokers seeking psychological treatment to stop smoking at the end of treatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Results showed that T-scores= 65 on Neurological Complaints (NUC) scale were associated with a higher likelihood of smoking at the 12-month follow-up, after controlling for the effect of age and initial levels of nicotine dependence. The results highlight the usefulness of the MMPI-2-RF in the field of smoking cessation treatment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.