Reinfections with the hepatitis C virus have been described in subgroups with ongoing risk-behaviour, in particular in people who infect drugs (PWID) or men who have sex with men (MSM). In this article by Martinello and colleagues describe a reinfection incidence of 7.4 per 100 person years (95% CI 4.0-13.8), mainly in HIV-infected MSM who are also injecting drug users. A specific risk behavious counselling is mandatory in this setting.