Introduction Sweetener agents are substances very used currently as a replacement of sugar within human regular diet. In this article we review their effects over the human metabolism and health. Description After his appearance and interest in the beneficial effects attributed to sweetener agents, their jobs increasingly are more numerous. However, there are studies that appear to confirm the ineffectiveness of their use and even show a specific causal association between various metabolic pathologies such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and the consumption of sweetener agents. Conclusions It's neccesary further research in this direction to provide convincing data of its consequences, needs special as children or pregnant women groups, deepening as well as the absence of negative effects resulting from its use in food.