Background: Knee osteoarthritis is common. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of braces and orthoses for patients with knee osteoarthritis is inconclusive according to English-language literature. English- language reviews to date have not included Japanese-language studies. Objectives: This study aimed to collect and synthesise Japanese-language randomised controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of braces and orthoses for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: Eight databases were systematically searched from inception to 29 July 2015. Only Japanese-language randomised controlled trials were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. A meta-analysis was not appropriate due to the heterogeneity in the included studies. Results: Seven randomised controlled trials with low to high risks of bias were included. Six of seven included studies were conducted by the same author group. Limited evidence supported the positive effects of short-lever elastic knee braces to improve pain and functional disability in specific outcomes. No evidence was found to support the use of foot orthoses, such as laterally wedged insoles, medial arch support and metatarsal arch pad. Conclusion: Our systematic review found no conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of any braces and orthoses for patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Future Japanese-language studies should address methodological flaws exposed in this review and strengthen the international evidence base.