In 2013-2014, malformed young Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruits were found in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province, China. Common disease symptoms include slightly curled and backward-twisted spring leaves, cracked and deformed leaf edges, thickly grown spring twigs with twisted and slightly bent shoots, and malformed young fruits where groovelike depression forms from the upper portion and resembles a pumpkin. On the basis of the morphological characteristics, sequencing results and phylogenetic analysis of the infected plant, we identified the disease as citrus yellow vein clearing, which is caused by Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report CYVCV infecting Satsuma mandarin.