Literature data are summarized on cholinesterases of some mammals and arthropods with a group of isomer derivatives of alkaloid lupinin and its epimer epilupinin. As substrates of cholinesterases of some mammals there are studied 8 acetates containing in their molecule chinolysidin bicycle with different structure of N-alkyl radical, which showed certain elements of action specificity. For 2 isomer esters that are derivatives of protonated base of lupinin and epilupinin, differences are revealed in their substrate characteristics. Polyenzyme analysis of anticholinesterase efficiency is performed for 30 organophosphorus inhibitors that are dialcoxyphosphorus derivatives of lupinin and epilupinin; as a result, we managed to find out quite a few peculiarities of their action depending on structure. Several tested compounds were revealed to be specific inhibitors of cholinesterases of several mammals and arthropods.