In this paper, we conduct research on the wireless sensor network management methods based on the runtime model. With the deepening of the research, scalability and maintainability of wireless sensor network has become an important target of its application promotion. Consider that the nodes randomly distributed monitoring area, looking for a complete coverage of this area several disjoint nodes which uses genetic algorithm to optimize the network survival time nodes and corresponding coverage. From the point of view of software engineering, most of the specific software system knowledge hidden in the program and document, the model as the main content of the document and procedures of high-level abstractions. The management of the network is urgently needed. As the additional research, we also conduct theoretical analysis on the wireless sensor network security enhancement methodology with the tradition game theory and mathematical optimization approaches which will be meaningful. Game theory is on the interaction between much of decision-making behavior has, according to the different subjects in the control information and the cognition of their own capabilities which will be a novel method for the analysis. The numerical simulation shows that our method performed better compared with other related approaches. In the future, more research will be conducted to polish the current method.