Building envelope selection greatly influences the building's performance. Specifically, the envelope wall system (EWS) definition is a critical part of this selection, especially for residential projects. This selection is a complex decision, as it depends on multiple considerations (e.g., cost, structural behavior, energy efficiency) and involves multiple stakeholders (e.g., developers, constructors, users). Simplified approaches considering only a few criteria are often used in the decision-making process, potentially leading to suboptimal solutions. The literature points out some relevant criteria; however, there is a need to present an integrated approach to the EWS selection problem. As an initial step, this research presents a case study that identifies and formalizes the criteria for selecting EWSs in Chile, and assesses the preference of Chilean decision-makers for these criteria via interviews and surveys. Results include thermal, acoustic, and structural behaviors, cost, complexity of construction, safety and environmental impact, durability, and appearance. The most important criterion is the structural behavior, while the least important one is the complexity. This case study will expedite a better and comprehensive assessment of EWSs and will support a structured and traceable decision-making methodology. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.