Sexual risk behaviors place adolescents and young adults at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unintended pregnancy. It is therefore important to study different populations in order to develop strategies aimed to reduce these risk behaviors and help young people adopt lifelong attitudes that promote their health. The authors designed this study in order to evaluate sexual and contraceptive behavior of portuguese female medical students, as the existent information on this subject is very scarce. The results revealed a low risk sexual behavior with high use of effective contraception, despite the utilization of emergency contraception by nearly one third of the students.