The computer-aided materials design process is highly iterative in nature and as such requires flexible tools that have the ability to link processing, properties, and performance not only in the usual forward direction but also in the inverse direction more associated with a goal-oriented/design framework of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). While many computational techniques exist that relate properties to performance in both forward/inverse directions, tools that prescribe a process when given a desired microstructure have not been developed in detail. This research fills that gap by coupling physics-based precipitation models with "mesh adaptive direct search" optimization techniques as a strategy to develop (inverse) microstructure-processing relations. This framework is demonstrated by prescribing heat treatments in Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys that will result in a desired size distribution of Ni Ti-4-(3) precipitates. This prescriptive technique provides a rigorous strategy for the identification of materials processing schedules provided the forward models connecting processing and microstructure are available that yield specific microstructural features and that can significantly reduce the experimental search space that needs to be explored, accelerating the materials development process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.