Gender-specific differences are also evident for adverse food reactions. In the present article, the prevalence of food allergies and intolerances, the incidence of different symptoms, and the possible underlying factors are summarized with focus on gender and/or sex-specific differences. Eventually, it becomes clear that starting with the adolescence more female than male patients suffer from food-associated symptoms. Many factors are held responsible, among them hormonal influences, gender-specific behavior and life-style, processing of information, awareness of risk, or intake of different medications. Concrete studies evaluating these factors in context with adverse food reactions are still missing.