In this paper, we conduct research on the optimal path selection and modeling of the road construction based on particle swarm optimization algorithm. Relative to construction companies, for the construction project construction management is the particularly far-reaching significance. In construction projects, the effective construction management can play to the best effect and make the construction technology to improve construction quality of construction projects, make construction safe and secure at the same time, it also indirectly brought considerable economic benefits for the overall building project. Path optimization task will not only influence the overall efficiency of the general enterprises but also reflects the effectiveness. Our research starts from the discussion of the swarm optimization algorithm and topology modelling to build up the modified approach.