Pediatric spinal oligodendrogliomas are rare and aggressive tumors. They do not share the same molecular features of adult oligodendroglioma, and no previous reports have examined the molecular features of pediatric spinal oligodendroglioma. We present the case of a child with a recurrent spinal anaplastic oligodendroglioma. We performed whole exome (paired tumor and germline DNA) and transcriptome (tumor RNA) sequencing, which revealed somatic mutations in NF1 and FGFR1. These data allowed us to explore potential personalized therapies for this patient and expose molecular drivers that may be involved in similar cases.