Objective: Previous studies have reported the association among serum uric acid (SUA) levels and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality; however, the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SUA is independently associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in relatively healthy Korean adults. Methods: A total of 396951 individuals were enrolled for the study between 2002 and 2012. About 39991 participants were excluded for various reasons. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality data were collected. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality according to baseline uric acid quintiles, and the third, middle SUA quintile was the reference group. Results: A total of 356960 participants were considered to be eligible for the analysis, and median follow-up duration was 5.88 years. The lowest and highest quintiles of SUA were less than 5.2 and more than 7.1mg/dl in men, and less than 3.5 and more than 5.0mg/dl in women, respectively. A total of 2082 deaths (312 from cardiovascular disease and 1770 from other causes) occurred during follow-up. In the highest SUA group, adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.24 (1.01, 1.51) in men and 1.04 (0.76, 1.42) in women, and for cardiovascular mortality were 1.15 (0.72, 1.83) in men and 1.69 (0.70, 4.04) in women after adjustment for various possible confounding factors. Conclusion: In the current large relatively healthy population-based observational study, SUA showed no significant association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.