The roller is one of the main parts of a high-pressure grinding roller, which is a type of highly efficient ore crushing equipment. Its working life is strongly affected by the materials used. In this paper, a new kind of roller material, the high-vanadium alloy steel (HVAS), was investigated. The results showed that the as-cast microstructures of the HVAS roller contained martensite, residual austenite, and alloy carbides. The HVAS sample quenched at 1,080 degrees C had a high hardness, and it had much higher compressive strength and abrasive wear resistance after tempering at 560 degrees C for 30 min. The mechanical properties of the HVAS are more sufficient than the existing roller materials, which are feasible for larger machine design.