An increasing number of brain imaging studies and genetic studies is revealing structural and functional impairments or genetic risk factors in criminal offenders. This review outlines some recent neurobiological findings on offenders with antisocial personality disorder. With regard to these studies the implications of neurobiological research for forensic psychiatry and criminology are discussed. The increasing knowledge in neurosciences provides a better understanding of the biological underpinnings of delinquent behaviour. Nevertheless, it has to be kept in mind that antisocial behaviour undoubtedly arises from a complex pattern of biological, psychological, social, and situative factors.