Non-destructive controls particularly, X-rays computed tomography (XR-CT) is a useful tool in manufacturing engineering applications in the modern industry to study the texture deformation of mechanical parts with an efficient way. In manufacturing processes, the relationships between the mechanical properties of the materials and their structure and also their composition are crucial for the design of the mechanical parts because they basically influence the general behaviour of these parts in service conditions. Therefore, the great interest of XR-CT is the possibility of viewing with high resolution a transversal plane of an object without destroying the controlled parts. Moreover, X-ray tomography supplants the ultra sound by its spatial resolution and by its attenuation measure which are well adapted for the study of the material. This paper gives a comparative study on the new developments in non-destructive controls of the composite materials and applications in the manufacturing engineering and also reviews essentially the performance and advantages of X-rays computed tomography (XR-CT) medical scanner about its usage at multiple scales (macro, micro, meso and nano), the method and also the terminology. Subsequently, it will deal with the chosen materials to share the performances of this technique for the very different industrial applications. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.