Low efficiency levels and lack of integration of processes and project participants have long been significant problems in construction. Building information modeling (BIM) can be a solution to these problems; however, BIM implementation is not free of risks and challenges. This study investigates the critical success factors (CSFs) of BIM implementation in developing countries where BIM is fairly new to the construction industry. In this respect, a questionnaire survey is designed and administered to both public and private sector participants in Turkey. Ninety-six respondents provided valid responses out of 282 questionnaire forms sent out. Based on the collected data, the relative importance of 16 CSFs for BIM implementation is examined. The results of statistical analysis reveal the three most important factors as (1)availability of qualified staff, (2)effective leadership, and (3)availability of information and technology. Factor analysis was also employed on the data, and results indicate that the underlying factors for the 16 CSFs are human-related, industry-related, project-related, policy-related, and resource-related factors. Besides, the CSFs were analyzed based on various project and organizational characteristics. The findings of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of the essential elements of BIM implementation and guide the industry practitioners in developing proper strategies for effective management of the implementation process.