This research aimed to reduce excessive dust concentration in flat chambers and to explore the main factors affecting dust motion. Based on the theory of gas-solid two phase flow and airflow field, a physical model was established. Numerical simulation results of dust concentration distributions in flat chambers, which came from fluent, fluid mechanics computational software, were basically concordant with experimental data. Research results showed the following aspects. (1) The main factors affecting dust motion in flat chambers laid in the jet flow zone and reflux zone. (2) When mean flow velocity in flat chambers ranged from 1.0 m/s similar to 3.0 m/s, increases in the mean flow velocity resulted in decreases in dust concentration. (3) With the increase in distance away from working faces, air flow velocity and dust concentrations undulated and appeared to have a downward trend in cross sections. Circulation between the jet flow and reflux resulted in the elimination of dust in flat chambers.