Purpose The dose-response relationship between fasting blood glucose levels and risk of pancreatic cancer has been investigated, but the association between casual blood glucose levels and pancreatic cancer death has not been examined. We examined the association between casual and fasting blood glucose levels and death due to pancreatic cancer in Japanese. Methods We performed a pooled analysis of the individual Japanese including 46,387 participants aged 40-79 years from ten cohorts. Participants were classified into five groups: low normal, middle normal, high normal, prediabetes (casual blood glucose 140-199 mg/dl, or fasting blood glucose 110-125 mg/dl), and diabetes (casual blood glucose >= 200 mg/dl, fasting blood glucose >= 126 mg/dl, or anti-diabetic drug use). Low normal, middle normal, and high normal were defined according to tertiles of casual or fasting normal blood glucose levels. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pancreatic cancer mortality were estimated stratifying casual and fasting blood glucose by cohort-stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with low normal (casual blood glucose < 94 mg/dl, or fasting blood glucose < 90 mg/dl) as a reference. Results Fasting blood glucose showed a dose-response relationship with pancreatic cancer mortality (p for trend = 0.005). After adjusting for covariates, HRs (95% CIs) were 2.83 (1.18-6.76) for prediabetes and 3.96 (1.56-10.08) for diabetes. However, there were no significant associations with casual blood glucose. These tendencies were observed after the exclusion of participants who were censored for the first 5 years of follow-up. Conclusions Fasting blood glucose is a better predictor of pancreatic cancer death than casual blood glucose.