The aim of the study was to describe the use of emergency contraception (EC) in Family Health Units in Recife between March and September, 2011. The questionnaire was answered by 234 professionals, 154 nurses and 80 physicians selected by random sampling in 117 USF. Almost all professionals (90.6%) reported availability of EC in Family Health Unit; physicians and/or nurse were the main prescribers (73.9%); 27.4% knew the distribution strategy by "women's health kit". Although 85.0% of professionals have already prescribed the EC, only 8.5% considered the EC as a woman's right. The majority (80.7%) understand the Family Planning manual of the Ministry of Health and about half (51.2%) understand the Reproductive Rights manual of the municipality's manual. 51.3% knew the EC action mechanism and 77.4% usually inform women about EC. Among those who do not explain about EC, the main reasons were: "lack of opportunity" (10.0%) for physicians and "to avoid becoming routine" (6.5%) for nurses. Half of the professionals (50.0%) reported prescribing in three recommended situations (unprotected intercourse, rape and failure of contraceptive methodin use) and 65.8% agree that religion interfere in the decision of the prescription/advice. Health professionals have demonstrated sufficient technical knowledge to prescribe EC, but do not recognize it as a right of women. Also, they consider that the influence of religion may interfere with the decision of prescribing and with the use of EC by women.