In current philosophy of mind, there are two main approaches to the question of personal identity. The first one claims that personal identity is based on our memory and for several decades has been known as a psychological approach to the problem. The second one has been called an animalistic approach and considers personal identity as a biological property of human beings or as a specific feature of our bodily continuity. Experiments on creating false memories in mice brains, recently conducted at MIT, seem to shed new light on the question of personal identity, taking into account the fact that the mouse brain is morphologically quite similar to our brain. The purpose of the article is to clarify the question about whether the above-mentioned experiments support one of the approaches: the psychological or the animalistic. Using the conceptual instrumentarium of contemporary analytic philosophy and cognitive phenomenology the author differentiates between strong and weak false memories and argues that we cannot consider the conducted experiments as supporting the animalistic approach.