




from math import pi, sqrt, tan

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if side_length < 0:
														raise ValueError('''surface_area_cube() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return 6 * side_length**2

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if length < 0 or breadth < 0 or height < 0:
														raise ValueError('''surface_area_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return 2 * ((length * breadth) + (breadth * height) + (length * height))

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if radius < 0:
														raise ValueError('''surface_area_sphere() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return 4 * pi * radius**2

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if radius < 0:
														raise ValueError('''surface_area_hemisphere() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return 3 * pi * radius**2

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if radius < 0 or height < 0:
														raise ValueError('''surface_area_cone() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return pi * radius * (radius + (height**2 + radius**2) ** 0.5)

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or height < 0:
														raise ValueError(
														    '''surface_area_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_   	=    (height**2 + (radius_a - radius_a) ** 2) ** 0.5
							return pi * ((slant_height * (radius_a + radius_a)) + radius_a**2 + radius_a**2)

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if radius < 0 or height < 0:
														raise ValueError('''surface_area_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return 2 * pi * radius * (height + radius)

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if torus_radius < 0 or tube_radius < 0:
														raise ValueError('''surface_area_torus() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							if torus_radius < tube_radius:
														raise ValueError(
														    '''surface_area_torus() does not support spindle or self intersecting tori'''     )
							return 4 * pow(_lowerCAmelCase  ,    2     ) * torus_radius * tube_radius

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if length < 0 or width < 0:
														raise ValueError('''area_rectangle() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return length * width

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if side_length < 0:
														raise ValueError('''area_square() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return side_length**2

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if base < 0 or height < 0:
														raise ValueError('''area_triangle() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return (base * height) / 2

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if sidea < 0 or sidea < 0 or sidea < 0:
														raise ValueError('''area_triangle_three_sides() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							elif sidea + sidea < sidea or sidea + sidea < sidea or sidea + sidea < sidea:
														raise ValueError('''Given three sides do not form a triangle'''     )
							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_   	=    (sidea + sidea + sidea) / 2
							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_   	=    sqrt(
							    semi_perimeter
							    * (semi_perimeter - sidea)
							    * (semi_perimeter - sidea)
							    * (semi_perimeter - sidea)     )
							return area

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if base < 0 or height < 0:
														raise ValueError('''area_parallelogram() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return base * height

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if basea < 0 or basea < 0 or height < 0:
														raise ValueError('''area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return 1 / 2 * (basea + basea) * height

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if radius < 0:
														raise ValueError('''area_circle() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return pi * radius**2

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if radius_x < 0 or radius_y < 0:
														raise ValueError('''area_ellipse() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return pi * radius_x * radius_y

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if diagonal_a < 0 or diagonal_a < 0:
														raise ValueError('''area_rhombus() only accepts non-negative values'''     )
							return 1 / 2 * diagonal_a * diagonal_a

def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ):
							if not isinstance(_lowerCAmelCase  ,    _lowerCAmelCase     ) or sides < 3:
														raise ValueError(
														    '''area_reg_polygon() only accepts integers greater than or \
equal to three as number of sides'''     )
							elif length < 0:
														raise ValueError(
														    '''area_reg_polygon() only accepts non-negative values as \
length of a side'''     )
							return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides     ))
							return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides     ))


if __name__ == "__main__":
			import doctest

			doctest.testmod(verbose=True)  # verbose so we can see methods missing tests

			print("""[DEMO] Areas of various geometric shapes: \n""")
			print(f"""Rectangle: {area_rectangle(10, 20) = }""")
			print(f"""Square: {area_square(10) = }""")
			print(f"""Triangle: {area_triangle(10, 10) = }""")
			print(f"""Triangle: {area_triangle_three_sides(5, 12, 13) = }""")
			print(f"""Parallelogram: {area_parallelogram(10, 20) = }""")
			print(f"""Rhombus: {area_rhombus(10, 20) = }""")
			print(f"""Trapezium: {area_trapezium(10, 20, 30) = }""")
			print(f"""Circle: {area_circle(20) = }""")
			print(f"""Ellipse: {area_ellipse(10, 20) = }""")
			print("""\nSurface Areas of various geometric shapes: \n""")
			print(f"""Cube: {surface_area_cube(20) = }""")
			print(f"""Cuboid: {surface_area_cuboid(10, 20, 30) = }""")
			print(f"""Sphere: {surface_area_sphere(20) = }""")
			print(f"""Hemisphere: {surface_area_hemisphere(20) = }""")
			print(f"""Cone: {surface_area_cone(10, 20) = }""")
			print(f"""Conical Frustum: {surface_area_conical_frustum(10, 20, 30) = }""")
			print(f"""Cylinder: {surface_area_cylinder(10, 20) = }""")
			print(f"""Torus: {surface_area_torus(20, 10) = }""")
			print(f"""Equilateral Triangle: {area_reg_polygon(3, 10) = }""")
			print(f"""Square: {area_reg_polygon(4, 10) = }""")
			print(f"""Reqular Pentagon: {area_reg_polygon(5, 10) = }""")








def 			a   (_lowerCAmelCase     ):
							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_	,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_   	=    [], []
							while len(_lowerCAmelCase     ) > 1:
														SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_	,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_   	=    min(_lowerCAmelCase     ), max(_lowerCAmelCase     )
														start.append(_lowerCAmelCase     )
														end.append(_lowerCAmelCase     )
														collection.remove(_lowerCAmelCase     )
														collection.remove(_lowerCAmelCase     )
							end.reverse()
							return start + collection + end


if __name__ == "__main__":
			__SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE 						=input("""Enter numbers separated by a comma:\n""").strip()
			__SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE 						=[int(item) for item in user_input.split(""",""")]
			print(*merge_sort(unsorted), sep=""",""")


