






import math


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  float    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:  float       ):
    return math.pow(UpperCAmelCase    ,			2       ) - a


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  float       ):
    return 2 * x


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  float       ):
    lowerCAmelCase__   :Optional[int]      							=				2.0

    while start <= a:
        lowerCAmelCase__   :Tuple      							=				math.pow(UpperCAmelCase    ,			2       )

    return start


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  float    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:  int = 9_9_9_9    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:  float = 0.00000000000001       ):

    if a < 0:
        raise ValueError("math domain error"       )

    lowerCAmelCase__   :List[str]      							=				get_initial_point(UpperCAmelCase       )

    for _ in range(UpperCAmelCase       ):
        lowerCAmelCase__   :List[str]      							=				value
        lowerCAmelCase__   :List[str]      							=				value - fx(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase       ) / fx_derivative(UpperCAmelCase       )
        if abs(prev_value - value       ) < tolerance:
            return value

    return value


if __name__ == "__main__":
 from doctest import testmod

 testmod()














import re


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  str       ):
    return [char.split() for char in re.split(R"[^ a-z A-Z 0-9 \s]"    ,			str_       )]


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  str       ):
    lowerCAmelCase__   :List[Any]      							=				split_input(str_       )
    return "".join(
        ["".join([char.capitalize() for char in sub_str]       ) for sub_str in string_split]       )


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  str    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:  bool    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:  str       ):
    try:
        lowerCAmelCase__   :Dict      							=				split_input(UpperCAmelCase       )
        if upper:
            lowerCAmelCase__   :Dict      							=				"".join(
                [
                    separator.join([char.upper() for char in sub_str]       )
                    for sub_str in string_split
                ]       )
        else:
            lowerCAmelCase__   :Any      							=				"".join(
                [
                    separator.join([char.lower() for char in sub_str]       )
                    for sub_str in string_split
                ]       )
        return res_str
    except IndexError:
        return "not valid string"


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  str       ):
    return to_simple_case(UpperCAmelCase       )


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  str       ):
    try:
        lowerCAmelCase__   :Any      							=				to_simple_case(UpperCAmelCase       )
        return res_str[0].lower() + res_str[1:]
    except IndexError:
        return "not valid string"


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  str    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:  bool       ):
    return to_complex_case(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase    ,			"_"       )


def 				snake_case__							(							UpperCAmelCase							:  str    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:  bool       ):
    return to_complex_case(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase    ,			"-"       )


if __name__ == "__main__":
 __import__("""doctest""").testmod()



