

def   a   (    A__			:     str  )					->   str:





      """simple docstring"""



      if not all(char in '01' for char in bin_string  ):
            raise ValueError('Non-binary value was passed to the function'  )
      if not bin_string:
            raise ValueError('Empty string was passed to the function'  )
      _lowercase			 =''
      while len(A__  ) % 3 != 0:
            _lowercase			 ='0' + bin_string
      _lowercase			 =[
          bin_string[index : index + 3]
          for index in range(len(A__  )  )
          if index % 3 == 0
      ]
      for bin_group in bin_string_in_3_list:
            _lowercase			 =0
            for index, val in enumerate(A__  ):
                  oct_val += int(2 ** (2 - index) * int(A__  )  )
            oct_string += str(A__  )
      return oct_string


if __name__ == "__main__":
  from doctest import testmod

  testmod()





from math import pow, sqrt
def   a   (    *A__			:     float  )					->   bool:





      """simple docstring"""



      _lowercase			 =len(A__  ) > 0 and all(value > 0.0 for value in values  )
      return result
def   a   (    A__			:     float   ,     A__			:     float  )					->   float | ValueError:





      """simple docstring"""



      return (
          round(sqrt(molar_mass_a / molar_mass_a  )   ,     6  )
          if validate(A__   ,     A__  )
          else ValueError('Input Error: Molar mass values must greater than 0.'  )
      )
def   a   (    A__			:     float   ,     A__			:     float   ,     A__			:     float  )					->   float | ValueError:





      """simple docstring"""



      return (
          round(effusion_rate * sqrt(molar_mass_a / molar_mass_a  )   ,     6  )
          if validate(A__   ,     A__   ,     A__  )
          else ValueError(
              'Input Error: Molar mass and effusion rate values must greater than 0.'  )
      )
def   a   (    A__			:     float   ,     A__			:     float   ,     A__			:     float  )					->   float | ValueError:





      """simple docstring"""



      return (
          round(effusion_rate / sqrt(molar_mass_a / molar_mass_a  )   ,     6  )
          if validate(A__   ,     A__   ,     A__  )
          else ValueError(
              'Input Error: Molar mass and effusion rate values must greater than 0.'  )
      )
def   a   (    A__			:     float   ,     A__			:     float   ,     A__			:     float  )					->   float | ValueError:





      """simple docstring"""



      return (
          round(molar_mass / pow(effusion_rate_a / effusion_rate_a   ,     2  )   ,     6  )
          if validate(A__   ,     A__   ,     A__  )
          else ValueError(
              'Input Error: Molar mass and effusion rate values must greater than 0.'  )
      )







def   a   (    A__			:     float   ,     A__			:     float   ,     A__			:     float  )					->   float | ValueError:





      """simple docstring"""



      return (
          round(pow(effusion_rate_a / effusion_rate_a   ,     2  ) / molar_mass   ,     6  )
          if validate(A__   ,     A__   ,     A__  )
          else ValueError(
              'Input Error: Molar mass and effusion rate values must greater than 0.'  )
      )


