





import numpy as np







def    A				(							UpperCAmelCase				):
					return (2 / (1 + np.exp(-2 * vector				))) - 1


if __name__ == "__main__":
				import doctest

				doctest.testmod()






import math

from numpy import inf
from scipy.integrate import quad







def    A				(							UpperCAmelCase				):
					if num <= 0:
										raise ValueError("math domain error"				)

					return quad(UpperCAmelCase  ,  0  ,  UpperCAmelCase  ,  args=(UpperCAmelCase)				)[0]







def    A				(							UpperCAmelCase  ,  UpperCAmelCase				):
					return math.pow(UpperCAmelCase  ,  z - 1				) * math.exp(-x				)


if __name__ == "__main__":
							from doctest import testmod

							testmod()