from __future__ import annotations

import math
from collections.abc import Callable




def       lowerCAmelCase_     (		lowercase:							Callable[[int | float], int | float]  ,					lowercase:							int | float  ,					lowercase:							int | float  ,					lowercase:							int = 100  ,					)    ->				float:







 '''simple docstring'''
 _UpperCamelCase:     List[Any]							= x_start
 _UpperCamelCase:     Tuple							= fnc(lowercase		)
 _UpperCamelCase:     List[str]							= 0.0

 for _ in range(lowercase		):
  # Approximates curve as a sequence of linear lines and sums their length
  _UpperCamelCase:     Optional[int]							= (x_end - x_start) / steps + xa
  _UpperCamelCase:     Any							= fnc(lowercase		)
  length += math.hypot(xa - xa  ,					fxa - fxa		)

  # Increment step
  _UpperCamelCase:     int							= xa
  _UpperCamelCase:     Optional[Any]							= fxa

 return length


if __name__ == "__main__":




  def       lowerCAmelCase_     (		lowercase:							Optional[int]		)    ->				int:







   '''simple docstring'''
   return math.sin(10 * x		)

  print('''f(x) = sin(10 * x)''')
  print('''The length of the curve from x = -10 to x = 10 is:''')
  UpperCAmelCase_			    =							1_0
  while i <= 1_0_0_0_0_0:
    print(f"""With {i} steps: {line_length(f, -1_0, 1_0, i)}""")
    i *= 1_0
from __future__ import annotations




class  __magic_name__  :





   """simple docstring"""




   def __init__(	self					:  Any		,  _lowercase					:  Dict=None							):



    """simple docstring"""



    _UpperCamelCase:     Tuple							= data
    _UpperCamelCase:     int							= None



   def __repr__(	self					:  Dict							):



    """simple docstring"""



    _UpperCamelCase:     int							= []
    _UpperCamelCase:     str							= self
    while temp:
     string_rep.append(f"""{temp.data}"""							)
     _UpperCamelCase:     Optional[Any]							= temp.next
    return "->".join(_lowercase							)




def       lowerCAmelCase_     (		lowercase:							list		)    ->				Optional[int]:







 '''simple docstring'''
 if not elements_list:
  raise Exception('''The Elements List is empty'''		)

 _UpperCamelCase:     Optional[Any]							= Node(elements_list[0]		)
 for i in range(1  ,					len(lowercase		)		):
  _UpperCamelCase:     Union[str, Any]							= Node(elements_list[i]		)
  _UpperCamelCase:     Optional[int]							= current.next
 return head




def       lowerCAmelCase_     (		lowercase:							Node		)    ->				None:







 '''simple docstring'''
 if head_node is not None and isinstance(lowercase  ,					lowercase		):
  print_reverse(head_node.next		)
  print(head_node.data		)




def       lowerCAmelCase_     (		)    ->				Tuple:







 '''simple docstring'''
 from doctest import testmod

 testmod()

 _UpperCamelCase:     Any							= make_linked_list([14, 52, 14, 12, 43]		)
 print('''Linked List:'''		)
 print(lowercase		)
 print('''Elements in Reverse:'''		)
 print_reverse(lowercase		)


if __name__ == "__main__":
  main()