





'''simple docstring'''





from math import sqrt

import numpy as np
from sympy import symbols

# Coefficient
# Speed of light (m/s)
lowerCAmelCase_	:		Optional[int]			=     2_9979_2458

# Symbols
lowerCAmelCase_	,	lowerCAmelCase_	,	lowerCAmelCase_	,	lowerCAmelCase_	:		Any			=     symbols("""ct x y z""")
def 						__A							(     UpperCAmelCase					)     ->			Dict:




						'''simple docstring'''



						if velocity > c:
												raise ValueError("Speed must not exceed light speed 299,792,458 [m/s]!"					)
						elif velocity < 1:
												# Usually the speed should be much higher than 1 (c order of magnitude)
												raise ValueError("Speed must be greater than or equal to 1!"					)

						return velocity / c
def 						__A							(     UpperCAmelCase					)     ->			Dict:




						'''simple docstring'''
						return 1 / sqrt(1 - beta(_lowerCamelCase					) ** 2					)
def 						__A							(     UpperCAmelCase					)     ->			List[str]:




						'''simple docstring'''
						return np.array(
						    [
						        [gamma(_lowerCamelCase					), -gamma(_lowerCamelCase					) * beta(_lowerCamelCase					), 0, 0],
						        [-gamma(_lowerCamelCase					) * beta(_lowerCamelCase					), gamma(_lowerCamelCase					), 0, 0],
						        [0, 0, 1, 0],
						        [0, 0, 0, 1],
						    ]					)
def 						__A							(     UpperCAmelCase     ,UpperCAmelCase = None					)     ->			Dict:




						'''simple docstring'''



						if event is None:
												_UpperCamelCase			:			Optional[Any]   			=						np.array([ct, x, y, z]					)  # Symbolic four vector
						else:
												event[0] *= c  # x0 is ct (speed of light * time)

						return transformation_matrix(_lowerCamelCase					) @ event


if __name__ == "__main__":
			import doctest

			doctest.testmod()

			# Example of symbolic vector:
			lowerCAmelCase_	:		int			=     transform(2997_9245)
			print("""Example of four vector: """)
			print(f"""ct\' = {four_vector[0]}""")
			print(f"""x\' = {four_vector[1]}""")
			print(f"""y\' = {four_vector[2]}""")
			print(f"""z\' = {four_vector[3]}""")

			# Substitute symbols with numerical values
			lowerCAmelCase_	:		List[str]			=     {ct: c, x: 1, y: 1, z: 1}
			lowerCAmelCase_	:		List[str]			=     [four_vector[i].subs(sub_dict) for i in range(4)]

			print(f"""\n{numerical_vector}""")



'''simple docstring'''





import requests
from bsa import BeautifulSoup
def 						__A							(     UpperCAmelCase     ,UpperCAmelCase					)     ->			str:




						'''simple docstring'''
						_UpperCamelCase			:			Dict   			=						BeautifulSoup(requests.get(UpperCAmelCase     ,params=UpperCAmelCase					).content     ,"html.parser"					)
						_UpperCamelCase			:			Union[str, Any]   			=						soup.find("div"     ,attrs={"class": "gs_ri"}					)
						_UpperCamelCase			:			Optional[Any]   			=						div.find("div"     ,attrs={"class": "gs_fl"}					).find_all("a"					)
						return anchors[2].get_text()


if __name__ == "__main__":
			lowerCAmelCase_	:		Optional[int]			=     {
			    """title""": (
			        """Precisely geometry controlled microsupercapacitors for ultrahigh areal """
			        """capacitance, volumetric capacitance, and energy density"""
			    ),
			    """journal""": """Chem. Mater.""",
			    """volume""": 30,
			    """pages""": """3979-3990""",
			    """year""": 2018,
			    """hl""": """en""",
			}
			print(get_citation("""https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup""", params=params))


