




'''simple docstring'''







_lowerCamelCase							:						Any								=  {
    '0000': '0',
    '0001': '1',
    '0010': '2',
    '0011': '3',
    '0100': '4',
    '0101': '5',
    '0110': '6',
    '0111': '7',
    '1000': '8',
    '1001': '9',
    '1010': 'a',
    '1011': 'b',
    '1100': 'c',
    '1101': 'd',
    '1110': 'e',
    '1111': 'f',
}






def 		_lowercase		(	lowercase_  ):



		'''simple docstring'''







		_snake_case	       =       str(lowercase_  ).strip()

		# Exceptions
		if not binary_str:
				raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function"  )
		_snake_case	       =       binary_str[0] == "-"
		_snake_case	       =       binary_str[1:] if is_negative else binary_str
		if not all(char in "01" for char in binary_str  ):
				raise ValueError("Non-binary value was passed to the function"  )

		_snake_case	       =       (
		    "0" * (4 * (divmod(len(lowercase_  )						,							4  )[0] + 1) - len(lowercase_  )) + binary_str
		)

		_snake_case	       =       []
		for x in range(0						,							len(lowercase_  )						,							4  ):
				hexadecimal.append(BITS_TO_HEX[binary_str[x : x + 4]]  )
		_snake_case	       =       "0x" + "".join(lowercase_  )

		return "-" + hexadecimal_str if is_negative else hexadecimal_str


if __name__ == "__main__":
						from doctest import testmod

						testmod()











def 					snake_case					(							A			)							->							int:




	'''simple docstring'''


	if not isinstance(A						,   A			):
		raise ValueError('double_factorial() only accepts integral values'			)
	if n < 0:
		raise ValueError('double_factorial() not defined for negative values'			)
	return 1 if n <= 1 else n * double_factorial(n - 2			)


if __name__ == "__main__":
							import doctest

							doctest.testmod()
