






def    lowerCAmelCase__		(			_a				:	int     ,					_a				:	int = 10_00			):
		if (not isinstance(_a     ,					_a			)) or (digit_position <= 0):
				raise ValueError("Digit position must be a positive integer"			)
		elif (not isinstance(_a     ,					_a			)) or (precision < 0):
				raise ValueError("Precision must be a nonnegative integer"			)

		# compute an approximation of (16 ** (n - 1)) * pi whose fractional part is mostly
		# accurate
		snake_case_ :							List[Any]         =				(
		    4 * _subsum(_a     ,					1     ,					_a			)
		    - 2 * _subsum(_a     ,					4     ,					_a			)
		    - _subsum(_a     ,					5     ,					_a			)
		    - _subsum(_a     ,					6     ,					_a			)
		)

		# return the first hex digit of the fractional part of the result
		return hex(int((sum_result % 1) * 16			)			)[2:]

def    lowerCAmelCase__		(			_a				:	int     ,					_a				:	int     ,					_a				:	int			):
		snake_case_ :							List[str]         =				0.0
		for sum_index in range(digit_pos_to_extract + precision			):
				snake_case_ :							Optional[Any]         =				8 * sum_index + denominator_addend
				if sum_index < digit_pos_to_extract:
						# if the exponential term is an integer and we mod it by the denominator
						# before dividing, only the integer part of the sum will change;
						# the fractional part will not
						snake_case_ :							Any         =				pow(
						    16     ,					digit_pos_to_extract - 1 - sum_index     ,					_a			)
				else:
						snake_case_ :							Optional[Any]         =				pow(16     ,					digit_pos_to_extract - 1 - sum_index			)
				total += exponential_term / denominator
		return total


if __name__ == "__main__":
							import doctest

							doctest.testmod()








def    lowerCAmelCase__		(			_a				:	str     ,					_a				:	int = 13			):
		snake_case_ :							List[Any]         =				""
		for c in s:
				if "A" <= c <= "Z":
						out += chr(ord("A"			) + (ord(_a			) - ord("A"			) + n) % 26			)
				elif "a" <= c <= "z":
						out += chr(ord("a"			) + (ord(_a			) - ord("a"			) + n) % 26			)
				else:
						out += c
		return out

def    lowerCAmelCase__		(			):
		snake_case_ :							int         =				input("Enter message: "			)

		snake_case_ :							List[Any]         =				dencrypt(_a     ,					13			)
		print("Encryption:"     ,					_a			)

		snake_case_ :							int         =				dencrypt(_a     ,					13			)
		print("Decryption: "     ,					_a			)


if __name__ == "__main__":
							import doctest

							doctest.testmod()
							main()
