
def 							A__       (    lowerCamelCase  ,     lowerCamelCase    )	->						str:
				if a < 0 or b < 0:
								raise ValueError("""the value of both inputs must be positive"""    )

				UpperCamelCase_:				Optional[int]						=    str(bin(lowerCamelCase    )    )[2:]  # remove the leading "0b"
				UpperCamelCase_:				Dict						=    str(bin(lowerCamelCase    )    )[2:]  # remove the leading "0b"

				UpperCamelCase_:				Dict						=    max(len(lowerCamelCase    )  ,     len(lowerCamelCase    )    )

				return "0b" + "".join(
				    str(int(char_a != char_b    )    )
				    for char_a, char_b in zip(a_binary.zfill(lowerCamelCase    )  ,     b_binary.zfill(lowerCamelCase    )    )    )


if __name__ == "__main__":
							import doctest

							doctest.testmod()








import os
import sys
import tempfile

import torch

from .state import AcceleratorState
from .utils import PrecisionType, PrepareForLaunch, is_mps_available, patch_environment







def 							A__       (    lowerCamelCase  ,     lowerCamelCase=()  ,     lowerCamelCase=None  ,     lowerCamelCase="no"  ,     lowerCamelCase="29500"    )	->						List[Any]:
				UpperCamelCase_:				Any						=    False
				UpperCamelCase_:				int						=    False
				if any(key.startswith("""KAGGLE"""    ) for key in os.environ.keys()    ):
								UpperCamelCase_:				str						=    True
				elif "IPython" in sys.modules:
								UpperCamelCase_:				Tuple						=    """google.colab""" in str(sys.modules["""IPython"""].get_ipython()    )

				try:
								UpperCamelCase_:				Union[str, Any]						=    PrecisionType(mixed_precision.lower()    )
				except ValueError:
								raise ValueError(
								    F'''Unknown mixed_precision mode: {args.mixed_precision.lower()}. Choose between {PrecisionType.list()}.'''    )

				if (in_colab or in_kaggle) and (os.environ.get("""TPU_NAME"""  ,     lowerCamelCase    ) is not None):
								# TPU launch
								import torch_xla.distributed.xla_multiprocessing as xmp

								if len(AcceleratorState._shared_state    ) > 0:
												raise ValueError(
												    """To train on TPU in Colab or Kaggle Kernel, the `Accelerator` should only be initialized inside """
												    """your training function. Restart your notebook and make sure no cells initializes an """
												    """`Accelerator`."""    )
								if num_processes is None:
												UpperCamelCase_:				str						=    8

								UpperCamelCase_:				int						=    PrepareForLaunch(lowerCamelCase  ,     distributed_type="""TPU"""    )
								print(F'''Launching a training on {num_processes} TPU cores.'''    )
								xmp.spawn(lowerCamelCase  ,     args=lowerCamelCase  ,     nprocs=lowerCamelCase  ,     start_method="""fork"""    )
				elif in_colab:
								# No need for a distributed launch otherwise as it's either CPU or one GPU.
								if torch.cuda.is_available():
												print("""Launching training on one GPU."""    )
								else:
												print("""Launching training on one CPU."""    )
								function(*lowerCamelCase    )
				else:
								if num_processes is None:
												raise ValueError(
												    """You have to specify the number of GPUs you would like to use, add `num_processes=...` to your call."""    )

								if num_processes > 1:
												# Multi-GPU launch
												from torch.multiprocessing import start_processes
												from torch.multiprocessing.spawn import ProcessRaisedException

												if len(AcceleratorState._shared_state    ) > 0:
																raise ValueError(
																    """To launch a multi-GPU training from your notebook, the `Accelerator` should only be initialized """
																    """inside your training function. Restart your notebook and make sure no cells initializes an """
																    """`Accelerator`."""    )

												if torch.cuda.is_initialized():
																raise ValueError(
																    """To launch a multi-GPU training from your notebook, you need to avoid running any instruction """
																    """using `torch.cuda` in any cell. Restart your notebook and make sure no cells use any CUDA """
																    """function."""    )

												# torch.distributed will expect a few environment variable to be here. We set the ones common to each
												# process here (the other ones will be set be the launcher).
												with patch_environment(
												    world_size=lowerCamelCase  ,     master_addr="""127.0.01"""  ,     master_port=lowerCamelCase  ,     mixed_precision=lowerCamelCase    ):
																UpperCamelCase_:				Optional[int]						=    PrepareForLaunch(lowerCamelCase  ,     distributed_type="""MULTI_GPU"""    )
																print(F'''Launching training on {num_processes} GPUs.'''    )
																try:
																				start_processes(lowerCamelCase  ,     args=lowerCamelCase  ,     nprocs=lowerCamelCase  ,     start_method="""fork"""    )
																except ProcessRaisedException as e:
																				if "Cannot re-initialize CUDA in forked subprocess" in e.args[0]:
																								raise RuntimeError(
																								    """CUDA has been initialized before the `notebook_launcher` could create a forked subprocess. """
																								    """This likely stems from an outside import causing issues once the `notebook_launcher()` is called. """
																								    """Please review your imports and test them when running the `notebook_launcher()` to identify """
																								    """which one is problematic."""    ) from e

								else:
												# No need for a distributed launch otherwise as it's either CPU, GPU or MPS.
												if is_mps_available():
																UpperCamelCase_:				List[Any]						=    """1"""
																print("""Launching training on MPS."""    )
												elif torch.cuda.is_available():
																print("""Launching training on one GPU."""    )
												else:
																print("""Launching training on CPU."""    )
												function(*lowerCamelCase    )







def 							A__       (    lowerCamelCase  ,     lowerCamelCase=()  ,     lowerCamelCase=2    )	->						List[str]:
				from torch.multiprocessing import start_processes

				with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp_file:
								# torch.distributed will expect a few environment variable to be here. We set the ones common to each
								# process here (the other ones will be set be the launcher).
								with patch_environment(
								    world_size=lowerCamelCase  ,     master_addr="""127.0.01"""  ,     master_port="""29500"""  ,     accelerate_mixed_precision="""no"""  ,     accelerate_debug_rdv_file=tmp_file.name  ,     accelerate_use_cpu="""yes"""  ,     ):
												UpperCamelCase_:				str						=    PrepareForLaunch(lowerCamelCase  ,     debug=lowerCamelCase    )
												start_processes(lowerCamelCase  ,     args=lowerCamelCase  ,     nprocs=lowerCamelCase  ,     start_method="""fork"""    )






