
"""simple docstring"""







from __future__ import annotations

from random import choice




def       A_      (       lowercase   )  ->				int:


     """simple docstring"""







     return choice(lowercase   )




def       A_      (       lowercase    ,			lowercase   )  ->				int:


     """simple docstring"""







     UpperCAmelCase_    :     Optional[int]            =	random_pivot(lowercase   )

     # partition based on pivot
     # linear time
     UpperCAmelCase_    :     Tuple            =	[e for e in lst if e < pivot]
     UpperCAmelCase_    :     int            =	[e for e in lst if e > pivot]

     # if we get lucky, pivot might be the element we want.
     # we can easily see this:
     # small (elements smaller than k)
     # + pivot (kth element)
     # + big (elements larger than k)
     if len(lowercase   ) == k - 1:
          return pivot
     # pivot is in elements bigger than k
     elif len(lowercase   ) < k - 1:
          return kth_number(lowercase    ,			k - len(lowercase   ) - 1   )
     # pivot is in elements smaller than k
     else:
          return kth_number(lowercase    ,			lowercase   )


if __name__ == "__main__":
       import doctest

       doctest.testmod()



"""simple docstring"""







def       A_      (       lowercase    ,			lowercase   )  ->				int:


     """simple docstring"""







     return number | (1 << position)




def       A_      (       lowercase    ,			lowercase   )  ->				int:


     """simple docstring"""







     return number & ~(1 << position)




def       A_      (       lowercase    ,			lowercase   )  ->				int:


     """simple docstring"""







     return number ^ (1 << position)




def       A_      (       lowercase    ,			lowercase   )  ->				bool:


     """simple docstring"""







     return ((number >> position) & 1) == 1




def       A_      (       lowercase    ,			lowercase   )  ->				int:


     """simple docstring"""







     return int((number & (1 << position)) != 0   )


if __name__ == "__main__":
       import doctest

       doctest.testmod()

