




"""simple docstring"""





from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Callable

def        _UpperCamelCase     (      UpperCamelCase					,							UpperCamelCase					,							UpperCamelCase					,							UpperCamelCase = 100					,							)      ->      float:


			"""simple docstring"""
			__UpperCAmelCase						:			Tuple												=       x_start
			__UpperCAmelCase						:			List[Any]												=       fnc(UpperCamelCase				)
			__UpperCAmelCase						:			List[Any]												=       0.0
			for _ in range(UpperCamelCase				):
						# Approximates small segments of curve as linear and solve
						# for trapezoidal area
						__UpperCAmelCase						:			List[str]												=       (x_end - x_start) / steps + xa
						__UpperCAmelCase						:			List[str]												=       fnc(UpperCamelCase				)
						area += abs(fxa + fxa				) * (xa - xa) / 2
						# Increment step
						__UpperCAmelCase						:			str												=       xa
						__UpperCAmelCase						:			str												=       fxa
			return area


if __name__ == "__main__":

					def        _UpperCamelCase     (      UpperCamelCase				)      ->      Dict:


								"""simple docstring"""
								return x**3 + x**2

					print("""f(x) = x^3 + x^2""")
					print("""The area between the curve, x = -5, x = 5 and the x axis is:""")
					A				=							10
					while i <= 100_000:
										print(f'''with {i} steps: {trapezoidal_area(f, -5, 5, i)}''')
										i *= 10








from collections import defaultdict





def 				A__ (snake_case   :		int				)     ->						int:
					__UpperCamelCase					:	Optional[int]             =      1
					__UpperCamelCase					:	Tuple             =      True
					for v in tree[start]:
										if v not in visited:
															ret += dfs(snake_case				)
					if ret % 2 == 0:
										cuts.append(snake_case				)
					return ret





def 				A__ ()     ->						str:
					dfs(1				)


if __name__ == "__main__":
	a__     ,							a__		     =     10, 9
	a__		     =     defaultdict(list)
	a__		     =     {}
	a__		     =     []
	a__		     =     0
	a__		     =     [(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1), (7, 2), (8, 6), (9, 8), (10, 8)]
	for u, v in edges:
		tree[u].append(v)
		tree[v].append(u)
	even_tree()
	print(len(cuts) - 1)






