




from __future__ import annotations

import queue





class 					snake_case_   :



				'''simple docstring'''





				def __init__(      self							:   int      ,							__magic_name__							:   Any							)							->			Optional[int]:
											lowerCamelCase_			:    Tuple   						=      data
											lowerCamelCase_			:    Optional[int]   						=      None
											lowerCamelCase_			:    str   						=      None



def        __a							(  ) ->					Optional[Any]:
							"""simple docstring"""




							print("\n********Press N to stop entering at any point of time********\n"      )
							lowerCamelCase_			:    Union[str, Any]   						=      input("Enter the value of the root node: "      ).strip().lower()
							lowerCamelCase_			:    Optional[Any]   						=      queue.Queue()
							lowerCamelCase_			:    List[Any]   						=      TreeNode(int(UpperCamelCase__      )      )
							q.put(UpperCamelCase__      )
							while not q.empty():
														lowerCamelCase_			:    List[str]   						=      q.get()
														lowerCamelCase_			:    int   						=      f"Enter the left node of {node_found.data}: "
														lowerCamelCase_			:    str   						=      input(UpperCamelCase__      ).strip().lower() or "n"
														if check == "n":
																					return tree_node
														lowerCamelCase_			:    Union[str, Any]   						=      TreeNode(int(UpperCamelCase__      )      )
														lowerCamelCase_			:    int   						=      left_node
														q.put(UpperCamelCase__      )
														lowerCamelCase_			:    Any   						=      f"Enter the right node of {node_found.data}: "
														lowerCamelCase_			:    str   						=      input(UpperCamelCase__      ).strip().lower() or "n"
														if check == "n":
																					return tree_node
														lowerCamelCase_			:    str   						=      TreeNode(int(UpperCamelCase__      )      )
														lowerCamelCase_			:    Optional[Any]   						=      right_node
														q.put(UpperCamelCase__      )
							raise



def        __a							(  __UpperCAmelCase		:						TreeNode      ) ->					int:
							"""simple docstring"""




							if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__   ,		UpperCamelCase__      ) or not node:
														return
							print(node.data   ,		end=","      )
							pre_order(node.left      )
							pre_order(node.right      )



def        __a							(  __UpperCAmelCase		:						TreeNode      ) ->					Dict:
							"""simple docstring"""




							if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__   ,		UpperCamelCase__      ) or not node:
														return
							in_order(node.left      )
							print(node.data   ,		end=","      )
							in_order(node.right      )



def        __a							(  __UpperCAmelCase		:						TreeNode      ) ->					Union[str, Any]:
							"""simple docstring"""




							if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__   ,		UpperCamelCase__      ) or not node:
														return
							post_order(node.left      )
							post_order(node.right      )
							print(node.data   ,		end=","      )



def        __a							(  __UpperCAmelCase		:						TreeNode      ) ->					List[Any]:
							"""simple docstring"""




							if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__   ,		UpperCamelCase__      ) or not node:
														return
							lowerCamelCase_			:    Optional[Any]   						=      queue.Queue()
							q.put(UpperCamelCase__      )
							while not q.empty():
														lowerCamelCase_			:    List[Any]   						=      q.get()
														print(node_dequeued.data   ,		end=","      )
														if node_dequeued.left:
																					q.put(node_dequeued.left      )
														if node_dequeued.right:
																					q.put(node_dequeued.right      )



def        __a							(  __UpperCAmelCase		:						TreeNode      ) ->					int:
							"""simple docstring"""




							if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__   ,		UpperCamelCase__      ) or not node:
														return
							lowerCamelCase_			:    Tuple   						=      queue.Queue()
							q.put(UpperCamelCase__      )
							while not q.empty():
														lowerCamelCase_			:    Dict   						=      []
														while not q.empty():
																					lowerCamelCase_			:    Tuple   						=      q.get()
																					print(node_dequeued.data   ,		end=","      )
																					if node_dequeued.left:
																												list_.append(node_dequeued.left      )
																					if node_dequeued.right:
																												list_.append(node_dequeued.right      )
														print()
														for node in list_:
																					q.put(UpperCamelCase__      )



def        __a							(  __UpperCAmelCase		:						TreeNode      ) ->					List[str]:
							"""simple docstring"""




							if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__   ,		UpperCamelCase__      ) or not node:
														return
							lowerCamelCase_			:    Optional[Any]   						=      []
							lowerCamelCase_			:    Dict   						=      node
							while n or stack:
														while n:  # start from root node, find its left child
																					print(n.data   ,		end=","      )
																					stack.append(UpperCamelCase__      )
																					lowerCamelCase_			:    Union[str, Any]   						=      n.left
														# end of while means current node doesn't have left child
														lowerCamelCase_			:    Union[str, Any]   						=      stack.pop()
														# start to traverse its right child
														lowerCamelCase_			:    List[str]   						=      n.right



def        __a							(  __UpperCAmelCase		:						TreeNode      ) ->					Optional[int]:
							"""simple docstring"""




							if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__   ,		UpperCamelCase__      ) or not node:
														return
							lowerCamelCase_			:    Any   						=      []
							lowerCamelCase_			:    str   						=      node
							while n or stack:
														while n:
																					stack.append(UpperCamelCase__      )
																					lowerCamelCase_			:    Dict   						=      n.left
														lowerCamelCase_			:    List[str]   						=      stack.pop()
														print(n.data   ,		end=","      )
														lowerCamelCase_			:    str   						=      n.right



def        __a							(  __UpperCAmelCase		:						TreeNode      ) ->					List[Any]:
							"""simple docstring"""




							if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__   ,		UpperCamelCase__      ) or not node:
														return
							lowerCamelCase_						,						lowerCamelCase_			:    Union[str, Any]   						=      [], []
							lowerCamelCase_			:    str   						=      node
							stacka.append(UpperCamelCase__      )
							while stacka:  # to find the reversed order of post order, store it in stack2
														lowerCamelCase_			:    Dict   						=      stacka.pop()
														if n.left:
																					stacka.append(n.left      )
														if n.right:
																					stacka.append(n.right      )
														stacka.append(UpperCamelCase__      )
							while stacka:  # pop up from stack2 will be the post order
														print(stacka.pop().data   ,		end=","      )



def        __a							(  __UpperCAmelCase		:						str = ""   ,		__UpperCAmelCase		:						Dict=50   ,		__UpperCAmelCase		:						Dict="*"      ) ->					Any:
							"""simple docstring"""




							if not s:
														return "\n" + width * char
							lowerCamelCase_						,						lowerCamelCase_			:    int   						=      divmod(width - len(UpperCamelCase__      ) - 2   ,		2      )
							return f"{left * char} {s} {(left + extra) * char}"


if __name__ == "__main__":
	import doctest

	doctest.testmod()
	print(prompt("Binary Tree Traversals"))

	snake_case_  :      TreeNode		=		build_tree()
	print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal"))
	pre_order(node)
	print(prompt() + "\n")

	print(prompt("In Order Traversal"))
	in_order(node)
	print(prompt() + "\n")

	print(prompt("Post Order Traversal"))
	post_order(node)
	print(prompt() + "\n")

	print(prompt("Level Order Traversal"))
	level_order(node)
	print(prompt() + "\n")

	print(prompt("Actual Level Order Traversal"))
	level_order_actual(node)
	print("*" * 50 + "\n")

	print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
	pre_order_iter(node)
	print(prompt() + "\n")

	print(prompt("In Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
	in_order_iter(node)
	print(prompt() + "\n")

	print(prompt("Post Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
	post_order_iter(node)
	print(prompt())


'''simple docstring'''


import numpy as np
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_california_housing
from sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error, mean_squared_error
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from xgboost import XGBRegressor





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: dict							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	return (data["data"], data["target"])





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: np.ndarray     ,       UpperCamelCase__					: np.ndarray     ,       UpperCamelCase__					: np.ndarray							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      XGBRegressor(verbosity=0     ,       random_state=4_2							)
	xgb.fit(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							)
	# Predict target for test data
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      xgb.predict(UpperCamelCase__							)
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      predictions.reshape(len(UpperCamelCase__							)     ,       1							)
	return predictions





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		):


	"""simple docstring"""
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      fetch_california_housing()
	__UpperCAmelCase					,      __UpperCAmelCase      					=      data_handling(UpperCamelCase__							)
	__UpperCAmelCase					,      __UpperCAmelCase					,      __UpperCAmelCase					,      __UpperCAmelCase      					=      train_test_split(
	    UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__     ,       test_size=0.25     ,       random_state=1							)
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      xgboost(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							)
	# Error printing
	print(f"""Mean Absolute Error : {mean_absolute_error(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							)}"""							)
	print(f"""Mean Square Error  : {mean_squared_error(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							)}"""							)


if __name__ == "__main__":
					import doctest

					doctest.testmod(verbose=True)
					main()
