
'''simple docstring'''
def      UpperCamelCase_				(      A__  ,      A__						):
	a_      				=						0
	while b > 0:
		if b & 1:
			res += a

		a += a
		b >>= 1

	return res






def      UpperCamelCase_				(      A__  ,      A__  ,      A__						):
	a_      				=						0
	while b > 0:
		if b & 1:
			a_      				=						((res % c) + (a % c)) % c

		a += a
		b >>= 1

	return res


'''simple docstring'''
from math import log

from scipy.constants import Boltzmann, physical_constants

lowercase__											=3_00  # TEMPERATURE (unit = K)






def      UpperCamelCase_				(      A__  ,      A__  ,      A__  ,      ):

	if donor_conc <= 0:
		raise ValueError("""Donor concentration should be positive"""						)
	elif acceptor_conc <= 0:
		raise ValueError("""Acceptor concentration should be positive"""						)
	elif intrinsic_conc <= 0:
		raise ValueError("""Intrinsic concentration should be positive"""						)
	elif donor_conc <= intrinsic_conc:
		raise ValueError(
		    """Donor concentration should be greater than intrinsic concentration"""						)
	elif acceptor_conc <= intrinsic_conc:
		raise ValueError(
		    """Acceptor concentration should be greater than intrinsic concentration"""						)
	else:
		return (
		    Boltzmann
		    * T
		    * log((donor_conc * acceptor_conc) / intrinsic_conc**2						)
		    / physical_constants["electron volt"][0]
		)


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod()
