
from timeit import timeit




def 							a		(				snake_case__:   int   ):


				'''simple docstring'''
				if number < 0:
								raise ValueError('''the value of input must not be negative'''   )
				lowercase_	    =   0
				while number:
								number &= number - 1
								result += 1
				return result




def 							a		(				snake_case__:   int   ):


				'''simple docstring'''
				if number < 0:
								raise ValueError('''the value of input must not be negative'''   )
				lowercase_	    =   0
				while number:
								if number % 2 == 1:
												result += 1
								number >>= 1
				return result




def 							a		(				):


				'''simple docstring'''

				def do_benchmark(snake_case__:   int   ) -> None:
								lowercase_	    =   '''import __main__ as z'''
								print(F'''Benchmark when {number = }:'''   )
								print(F'''{get_set_bits_count_using_modulo_operator(snake_case__   ) = }'''   )
								lowercase_	    =   timeit('''z.get_set_bits_count_using_modulo_operator(25)'''		,  setup=snake_case__   )
								print(F'''timeit() runs in {timing} seconds'''   )
								print(F'''{get_set_bits_count_using_brian_kernighans_algorithm(snake_case__   ) = }'''   )
								lowercase_	    =   timeit(
								    '''z.get_set_bits_count_using_brian_kernighans_algorithm(25)'''		,  setup=snake_case__		,  )
								print(F'''timeit() runs in {timing} seconds'''   )

				for number in (25, 37, 58, 0):
								do_benchmark(snake_case__   )
								print()


if __name__ == "__main__":
						import doctest

						doctest.testmod()
						benchmark()






__a         =   'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'




def 							a		(				snake_case__:   bytes   ):


				'''simple docstring'''
				# Make sure the supplied data is a bytes-like object
				if not isinstance(snake_case__		,  snake_case__   ):
								lowercase_	    =   F'''a bytes-like object is required, not \'{data.__class__.__name__}\''''
								raise TypeError(snake_case__   )

				lowercase_	    =   ''''''.join(bin(snake_case__   )[2:].zfill(8   ) for byte in data   )

				lowercase_	    =   len(snake_case__   ) % 6 != 0

				if padding_needed:
								# The padding that will be added later
								lowercase_	    =   B'''=''' * ((6 - len(snake_case__   ) % 6) // 2)

								# Append binary_stream with arbitrary binary digits (0's by default) to make its
								# length a multiple of 6.
								binary_stream += "0" * (6 - len(snake_case__   ) % 6)
				else:
								lowercase_	    =   B''''''

				# Encode every 6 binary digits to their corresponding Base64 character
				return (
				    "".join(
				        B64_CHARSET[int(binary_stream[index : index + 6]		,  2   )]
				        for index in range(0		,  len(snake_case__   )		,  6   )   ).encode()
				    + padding
				)




def 							a		(				snake_case__:   str   ):


				'''simple docstring'''
				# Make sure encoded_data is either a string or a bytes-like object
				if not isinstance(snake_case__		,  snake_case__   ) and not isinstance(snake_case__		,  snake_case__   ):
								lowercase_	    =   (
								    '''argument should be a bytes-like object or ASCII string, '''
								    F'''not \'{encoded_data.__class__.__name__}\''''
								)
								raise TypeError(snake_case__   )

				# In case encoded_data is a bytes-like object, make sure it contains only
				# ASCII characters so we convert it to a string object
				if isinstance(snake_case__		,  snake_case__   ):
								try:
												lowercase_	    =   encoded_data.decode('''utf-8'''   )
								except UnicodeDecodeError:
												raise ValueError('''base64 encoded data should only contain ASCII characters'''   )

				lowercase_	    =   encoded_data.count('''='''   )

				# Check if the encoded string contains non base64 characters
				if padding:
								assert all(
								    char in B64_CHARSET for char in encoded_data[:-padding]   ), "Invalid base64 character(s) found."
				else:
								assert all(
								    char in B64_CHARSET for char in encoded_data   ), "Invalid base64 character(s) found."

				# Check the padding
				assert len(snake_case__   ) % 4 == 0 and padding < 3, "Incorrect padding"

				if padding:
								# Remove padding if there is one
								lowercase_	    =   encoded_data[:-padding]

								lowercase_	    =   ''''''.join(
								    bin(B64_CHARSET.index(snake_case__   )   )[2:].zfill(6   ) for char in encoded_data   )[: -padding * 2]
				else:
								lowercase_	    =   ''''''.join(
								    bin(B64_CHARSET.index(snake_case__   )   )[2:].zfill(6   ) for char in encoded_data   )

				lowercase_	    =   [
				    int(binary_stream[index : index + 8]		,  2   )
				    for index in range(0		,  len(snake_case__   )		,  8   )
				]

				return bytes(snake_case__   )


if __name__ == "__main__":
						import doctest

						doctest.testmod()




