'''simple docstring'''


from __future__ import annotations

import queue






class     A :





							def __init__(   self					:				Tuple  ,		__a					:				Optional[Any]						)				->						int:
								__UpperCAmelCase      					=      data
								__UpperCAmelCase      					=      None
								__UpperCAmelCase      					=      None





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		):


	"""simple docstring"""
	print('''\n********Press N to stop entering at any point of time********\n'''							)
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      input('''Enter the value of the root node: '''							).strip().lower()
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      queue.Queue()
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      TreeNode(int(UpperCamelCase__							)							)
	q.put(UpperCamelCase__							)
	while not q.empty():
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      q.get()
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      f"""Enter the left node of {node_found.data}: """
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      input(UpperCamelCase__							).strip().lower() or '''n'''
		if check == "n":
			return tree_node
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      TreeNode(int(UpperCamelCase__							)							)
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      left_node
		q.put(UpperCamelCase__							)
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      f"""Enter the right node of {node_found.data}: """
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      input(UpperCamelCase__							).strip().lower() or '''n'''
		if check == "n":
			return tree_node
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      TreeNode(int(UpperCamelCase__							)							)
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      right_node
		q.put(UpperCamelCase__							)
	raise





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: int							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							) or not node:
		return
	print(node.data     ,       end=''','''							)
	pre_order(node.left							)
	pre_order(node.right							)





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: Tuple							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							) or not node:
		return
	in_order(node.left							)
	print(node.data     ,       end=''','''							)
	in_order(node.right							)





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: Optional[int]							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							) or not node:
		return
	post_order(node.left							)
	post_order(node.right							)
	print(node.data     ,       end=''','''							)





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: Optional[int]							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							) or not node:
		return
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      queue.Queue()
	q.put(UpperCamelCase__							)
	while not q.empty():
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      q.get()
		print(node_dequeued.data     ,       end=''','''							)
		if node_dequeued.left:
			q.put(node_dequeued.left							)
		if node_dequeued.right:
			q.put(node_dequeued.right							)





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: Optional[int]							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							) or not node:
		return
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      queue.Queue()
	q.put(UpperCamelCase__							)
	while not q.empty():
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      []
		while not q.empty():
			__UpperCAmelCase      					=      q.get()
			print(node_dequeued.data     ,       end=''','''							)
			if node_dequeued.left:
				list_.append(node_dequeued.left							)
			if node_dequeued.right:
				list_.append(node_dequeued.right							)
		print()
		for node in list_:
			q.put(UpperCamelCase__							)





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: Tuple							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							) or not node:
		return
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      []
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      node
	while n or stack:
		while n:  # start from root node, find its left child
			print(n.data     ,       end=''','''							)
			stack.append(UpperCamelCase__							)
			__UpperCAmelCase      					=      n.left
		# end of while means current node doesn't have left child
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      stack.pop()
		# start to traverse its right child
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      n.right





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: int							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							) or not node:
		return
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      []
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      node
	while n or stack:
		while n:
			stack.append(UpperCamelCase__							)
			__UpperCAmelCase      					=      n.left
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      stack.pop()
		print(n.data     ,       end=''','''							)
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      n.right





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: List[str]							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	if not isinstance(UpperCamelCase__     ,       UpperCamelCase__							) or not node:
		return
	__UpperCAmelCase					,      __UpperCAmelCase      					=      [], []
	__UpperCAmelCase      					=      node
	stacka.append(UpperCamelCase__							)
	while stacka:  # to find the reversed order of post order, store it in stack2
		__UpperCAmelCase      					=      stacka.pop()
		if n.left:
			stacka.append(n.left							)
		if n.right:
			stacka.append(n.right							)
		stacka.append(UpperCamelCase__							)
	while stacka:  # pop up from stack2 will be the post order
		print(stacka.pop().data     ,       end=''','''							)





def    lowerCAmelCase       (		UpperCamelCase__					: Union[str, Any] = ""     ,       UpperCamelCase__					: str=5_0     ,       UpperCamelCase__					: Optional[Any]="*"							):


	"""simple docstring"""
	if not s:
		return "\n" + width * char
	__UpperCAmelCase					,      __UpperCAmelCase      					=      divmod(width - len(UpperCamelCase__							) - 2     ,       2							)
	return f"""{left * char} {s} {(left + extra) * char}"""


if __name__ == "__main__":
					import doctest

					doctest.testmod()
					print(prompt("Binary Tree Traversals"))

					__lowerCAmelCase						:							Tuple    							=						build_tree()
					print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal"))
					pre_order(node)
					print(prompt() + "\n")

					print(prompt("In Order Traversal"))
					in_order(node)
					print(prompt() + "\n")

					print(prompt("Post Order Traversal"))
					post_order(node)
					print(prompt() + "\n")

					print(prompt("Level Order Traversal"))
					level_order(node)
					print(prompt() + "\n")

					print(prompt("Actual Level Order Traversal"))
					level_order_actual(node)
					print("*" * 50 + "\n")

					print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
					pre_order_iter(node)
					print(prompt() + "\n")

					print(prompt("In Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
					in_order_iter(node)
					print(prompt() + "\n")

					print(prompt("Post Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
					post_order_iter(node)
					print(prompt())




'''simple docstring'''






from collections.abc import Iterator, MutableMapping
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Generic, TypeVar

__UpperCAmelCase       							=				TypeVar('''KEY''')
__UpperCAmelCase       							=				TypeVar('''VAL''')




@dataclass(frozen=a__							,							slots=a__    )
class 						a__							(				Generic[KEY, VAL]    ):





							'''simple docstring'''






							lowercase__     :  KEY
							lowercase__     :  VAL




class 						a__							(				_Item    ):





							'''simple docstring'''






							def __init__(						self  )			->				None:
														super().__init__(lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )







							def __bool__(						self  )			->				bool:
														return False

__UpperCAmelCase       							=				_DeletedItem()




class 						a__							(				MutableMapping[KEY, VAL]    ):





							'''simple docstring'''






							def __init__(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_ = 8   ,       lowerCamelCase_ = 0.75  )			->				None:
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      initial_block_size
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      [None] * initial_block_size
														assert 0.0 < capacity_factor < 1.0
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      capacity_factor
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      0







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )			->				int:
														return hash(lowerCamelCase_  ) % len(self._buckets  )







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )			->				int:
														return (ind + 1) % len(self._buckets  )







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )			->				bool:
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      self._buckets[ind]
														if not stored:
																					lowerCAmelCase__			  =      _Item(lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )
																					self._len += 1
																					return True
														elif stored.key == key:
																					lowerCAmelCase__			  =      _Item(lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )
																					return True
														else:
																					return False







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self  )			->				bool:
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      len(self._buckets  ) * self._capacity_factor
														return len(self  ) >= int(lowerCamelCase_  )







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self  )			->				bool:
														if len(self._buckets  ) <= self._initial_block_size:
																					return False
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      len(self._buckets  ) * self._capacity_factor / 2
														return len(self  ) < limit







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )			->				None:
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      self._buckets
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      [None] * new_size
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      0
														for item in old_buckets:
																					if item:
																												self._add_item(item.key   ,       item.val  )







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self  )			->				None:
														self._resize(len(self._buckets  ) * 2  )







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self  )			->				None:
														self._resize(len(self._buckets  ) // 2  )







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )			->				Iterator[int]:
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      self._get_bucket_index(lowerCamelCase_  )
														for _ in range(len(self._buckets  )  ):
																					yield ind
																					lowerCAmelCase__			  =      self._get_next_ind(lowerCamelCase_  )







							def     __SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )			->				None:
														for ind in self._iterate_buckets(lowerCamelCase_  ):
																					if self._try_set(lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_  ):
																												break







							def __setitem__(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )			->				None:
														if self._is_full():
																					self._size_up()

														self._add_item(lowerCamelCase_   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )







							def __delitem__(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )			->				None:
														for ind in self._iterate_buckets(lowerCamelCase_  ):
																					lowerCAmelCase__			  =      self._buckets[ind]
																					if item is None:
																												raise KeyError(lowerCamelCase_  )
																					if item is _deleted:
																												continue
																					if item.key == key:
																												lowerCAmelCase__			  =      _deleted
																												self._len -= 1
																												break
														if self._is_sparse():
																					self._size_down()







							def __getitem__(						self   ,       lowerCamelCase_  )			->				VAL:
														for ind in self._iterate_buckets(lowerCamelCase_  ):
																					lowerCAmelCase__			  =      self._buckets[ind]
																					if item is None:
																												break
																					if item is _deleted:
																												continue
																					if item.key == key:
																												return item.val
														raise KeyError(lowerCamelCase_  )







							def __len__(						self  )			->				int:
														return self._len







							def __iter__(						self  )			->				Iterator[KEY]:
														yield from (item.key for item in self._buckets if item)







							def __repr__(						self  )			->				str:
														lowerCAmelCase__			  =      ''' ,'''.join(
														    F"""{item.key}: {item.val}""" for item in self._buckets if item  )
														return F"""HashMap({val_string})"""