


"""simple docstring"""
from __future__ import annotations

UpperCAmelCase				=						[
    [-1, 0],  # left
    [0, -1],  # down
    [1, 0],  # right
    [0, 1],  # up
]

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      list[list[int]]						, __snake_case							:      list[int]						, __snake_case							:      list[int]						, __snake_case							:      int						, __snake_case							:      list[list[int]]						, ):




   """simple docstring"""







   _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[int]   =		[
       [0 for col in range(len(grid[0]   )   )] for row in range(len(__snake_case   )   )
   ]  # the reference grid
   _lowerCamelCase	:					Union[str, Any]   =		1
   _lowerCamelCase	:					str   =		[
       [0 for col in range(len(grid[0]   )   )] for row in range(len(__snake_case   )   )
   ]  # the action grid

   _lowerCamelCase	:					int   =		init[0]
   _lowerCamelCase	:					Union[str, Any]   =		init[1]
   _lowerCamelCase	:					Dict   =		0
   _lowerCamelCase	:					List[Any]   =		g + heuristic[x][y]  # cost from starting cell to destination cell
   _lowerCamelCase	:					int   =		[[f, g, x, y]]

   _lowerCamelCase	:					Dict   =		False  # flag that is set when search is complete
   _lowerCamelCase	:					List[str]   =		False  # flag set if we can't find expand

   while not found and not resign:
      if len(__snake_case   ) == 0:
         raise ValueError("""Algorithm is unable to find solution"""   )
      else:  # to choose the least costliest action so as to move closer to the goal
         cell.sort()
         cell.reverse()
         _lowerCamelCase	:					Any   =		cell.pop()
         _lowerCamelCase	:					Any   =		next_cell[2]
         _lowerCamelCase	:					List[str]   =		next_cell[3]
         _lowerCamelCase	:					str   =		next_cell[1]

         if x == goal[0] and y == goal[1]:
            _lowerCamelCase	:					int   =		True
         else:
            for i in range(len(__snake_case   )   ):  # to try out different valid actions
               _lowerCamelCase	:					int   =		x + DIRECTIONS[i][0]
               _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[int]   =		y + DIRECTIONS[i][1]
               if xa >= 0 and xa < len(__snake_case   ) and ya >= 0 and ya < len(grid[0]   ):
                  if closed[xa][ya] == 0 and grid[xa][ya] == 0:
                     _lowerCamelCase	:					str   =		g + cost
                     _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[Any]   =		ga + heuristic[xa][ya]
                     cell.append([fa, ga, xa, ya]   )
                     _lowerCamelCase	:					str   =		1
                     _lowerCamelCase	:					Tuple   =		i
   _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[int]   =		[]
   _lowerCamelCase	:					List[Any]   =		goal[0]
   _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[Any]   =		goal[1]
   invpath.append([x, y]   )  # we get the reverse path from here
   while x != init[0] or y != init[1]:
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Tuple   =		x - DIRECTIONS[action[x][y]][0]
      _lowerCamelCase	:					List[Any]   =		y - DIRECTIONS[action[x][y]][1]
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Union[str, Any]   =		xa
      _lowerCamelCase	:					List[str]   =		ya
      invpath.append([x, y]   )

   _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[Any]   =		[]
   for i in range(len(__snake_case   )   ):
      path.append(invpath[len(__snake_case   ) - 1 - i]   )
   return path, action


if __name__ == "__main__":
 UpperCAmelCase				=						[
     [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
     [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],  # 0 are free path whereas 1's are obstacles
     [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
     [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
     [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
 ]

 UpperCAmelCase				=						[0, 0]
 # all coordinates are given in format [y,x]
 UpperCAmelCase				=						[len(grid) - 1, len(grid[0]) - 1]
 UpperCAmelCase				=						1

 # the cost map which pushes the path closer to the goal
 UpperCAmelCase				=						[[0 for row in range(len(grid[0]))] for col in range(len(grid))]
 for i in range(len(grid)):
  for j in range(len(grid[0])):
   UpperCAmelCase				=						abs(i - goal[0]) + abs(j - goal[1])
   if grid[i][j] == 1:
    # added extra penalty in the heuristic map
    UpperCAmelCase				=						99

 UpperCAmelCase			,  UpperCAmelCase				=						search(grid, init, goal, cost, heuristic)

 print("""ACTION MAP""")
 for i in range(len(action)):
  print(action[i])

 for i in range(len(path)):
  print(path[i])





"""simple docstring"""
from __future__ import annotations

import queue




class 	lowercase__				:





   def __init__(							self      ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE)  ->  int:
      _lowerCamelCase	:					int   =		data
      _lowerCamelCase	:					List[str]   =		None
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Any   =		None







def 				_snake_case      (   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   print("""\n********Press N to stop entering at any point of time********\n"""   )
   _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[int]   =		input("""Enter the value of the root node: """   ).strip().lower()
   _lowerCamelCase	:					queue.Queue   =		queue.Queue()
   _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[int]   =		TreeNode(int(__snake_case   )   )
   q.put(__snake_case   )
   while not q.empty():
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Tuple   =		q.get()
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Any   =		F'Enter the left node of {node_found.data}: '
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Union[str, Any]   =		input(__snake_case   ).strip().lower() or """n"""
      if check == "n":
         return tree_node
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Dict   =		TreeNode(int(__snake_case   )   )
      _lowerCamelCase	:					List[str]   =		left_node
      q.put(__snake_case   )
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[int]   =		F'Enter the right node of {node_found.data}: '
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[Any]   =		input(__snake_case   ).strip().lower() or """n"""
      if check == "n":
         return tree_node
      _lowerCamelCase	:					List[Any]   =		TreeNode(int(__snake_case   )   )
      _lowerCamelCase	:					List[Any]   =		right_node
      q.put(__snake_case   )
   raise

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      TreeNode   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   if not isinstance(__snake_case						, __snake_case   ) or not node:
      return
   print(node.data						, end=""","""   )
   pre_order(node.left   )
   pre_order(node.right   )

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      TreeNode   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   if not isinstance(__snake_case						, __snake_case   ) or not node:
      return
   in_order(node.left   )
   print(node.data						, end=""","""   )
   in_order(node.right   )

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      TreeNode   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   if not isinstance(__snake_case						, __snake_case   ) or not node:
      return
   post_order(node.left   )
   post_order(node.right   )
   print(node.data						, end=""","""   )

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      TreeNode   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   if not isinstance(__snake_case						, __snake_case   ) or not node:
      return
   _lowerCamelCase	:					queue.Queue   =		queue.Queue()
   q.put(__snake_case   )
   while not q.empty():
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Any   =		q.get()
      print(node_dequeued.data						, end=""","""   )
      if node_dequeued.left:
         q.put(node_dequeued.left   )
      if node_dequeued.right:
         q.put(node_dequeued.right   )

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      TreeNode   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   if not isinstance(__snake_case						, __snake_case   ) or not node:
      return
   _lowerCamelCase	:					queue.Queue   =		queue.Queue()
   q.put(__snake_case   )
   while not q.empty():
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[Any]   =		[]
      while not q.empty():
         _lowerCamelCase	:					Dict   =		q.get()
         print(node_dequeued.data						, end=""","""   )
         if node_dequeued.left:
            list_.append(node_dequeued.left   )
         if node_dequeued.right:
            list_.append(node_dequeued.right   )
      print()
      for node in list_:
         q.put(__snake_case   )

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      TreeNode   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   if not isinstance(__snake_case						, __snake_case   ) or not node:
      return
   _lowerCamelCase	:					list[TreeNode]   =		[]
   _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[int]   =		node
   while n or stack:
      while n:  # start from root node, find its left child
         print(n.data						, end=""","""   )
         stack.append(__snake_case   )
         _lowerCamelCase	:					Tuple   =		n.left
      # end of while means current node doesn't have left child
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[Any]   =		stack.pop()
      # start to traverse its right child
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Dict   =		n.right

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      TreeNode   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   if not isinstance(__snake_case						, __snake_case   ) or not node:
      return
   _lowerCamelCase	:					list[TreeNode]   =		[]
   _lowerCamelCase	:					int   =		node
   while n or stack:
      while n:
         stack.append(__snake_case   )
         _lowerCamelCase	:					Any   =		n.left
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[Any]   =		stack.pop()
      print(n.data						, end=""","""   )
      _lowerCamelCase	:					List[Any]   =		n.right

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      TreeNode   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   if not isinstance(__snake_case						, __snake_case   ) or not node:
      return
   _lowerCamelCase   ,    _lowerCamelCase	:					Union[str, Any]   =		[], []
   _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[Any]   =		node
   stacka.append(__snake_case   )
   while stacka:  # to find the reversed order of post order, store it in stack2
      _lowerCamelCase	:					Union[str, Any]   =		stacka.pop()
      if n.left:
         stacka.append(n.left   )
      if n.right:
         stacka.append(n.right   )
      stacka.append(__snake_case   )
   while stacka:  # pop up from stack2 will be the post order
      print(stacka.pop().data						, end=""","""   )

def 				_snake_case      (   __snake_case							:      str = ""						, __snake_case							:      Any=50						, __snake_case							:      List[str]="*"   ):




   """simple docstring"""







   if not s:
      return "\n" + width * char
   _lowerCamelCase   ,    _lowerCamelCase	:					Optional[int]   =		divmod(width - len(__snake_case   ) - 2						, 2   )
   return F'{left * char} {s} {(left + extra) * char}'


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()
 print(prompt("""Binary Tree Traversals"""))

 UpperCAmelCase				=						build_tree()
 print(prompt("""Pre Order Traversal"""))
 pre_order(node)
 print(prompt() + """\n""")

 print(prompt("""In Order Traversal"""))
 in_order(node)
 print(prompt() + """\n""")

 print(prompt("""Post Order Traversal"""))
 post_order(node)
 print(prompt() + """\n""")

 print(prompt("""Level Order Traversal"""))
 level_order(node)
 print(prompt() + """\n""")

 print(prompt("""Actual Level Order Traversal"""))
 level_order_actual(node)
 print("""*""" * 50 + """\n""")

 print(prompt("""Pre Order Traversal - Iteration Version"""))
 pre_order_iter(node)
 print(prompt() + """\n""")

 print(prompt("""In Order Traversal - Iteration Version"""))
 in_order_iter(node)
 print(prompt() + """\n""")

 print(prompt("""Post Order Traversal - Iteration Version"""))
 post_order_iter(node)
 print(prompt())

