






"""simple docstring"""





import dataclasses
import json
import sys
import types
from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter, ArgumentParser, ArgumentTypeError
from copy import copy
from enum import Enum
from inspect import isclass
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Literal, NewType, Optional, Tuple, Union, get_type_hints

import yaml


__lowerCamelCase							=  NewType('DataClass', Any)
__lowerCamelCase							=  NewType('DataClassType', Any)



def   a    (     __UpperCAmelCase      :    Union[str, Any]  )    ->							Any:
						if isinstance(__UpperCAmelCase      ,   __UpperCAmelCase  ):
												return v
						if v.lower() in ("yes", "true", "t", "y", "1"):
												return True
						elif v.lower() in ("no", "false", "f", "n", "0"):
												return False
						else:
												raise ArgumentTypeError(
												    f'Truthy value expected: got {v} but expected one of yes/no, true/false, t/f, y/n, 1/0 (case insensitive).'  )



def   a    (     __UpperCAmelCase      :    list  )    ->							Callable[[str], Any]:
						__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       {str(__UpperCAmelCase  ): choice for choice in choices}
						return lambda __UpperCAmelCase  : str_to_choice.get(__UpperCAmelCase      ,   __UpperCAmelCase  )



def   a    (     *,
    __UpperCAmelCase      :    Union[str, List[str]] = None      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      :    str = None      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      :    Any = dataclasses.MISSING      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      :    Callable[[], Any] = dataclasses.MISSING      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      :    dict = None      ,   **__UpperCAmelCase      :    Dict      ,   )    ->							dataclasses.Field:
						if metadata is None:
												# Important, don't use as default param in function signature because dict is mutable and shared across function calls
												__magic_name__:	Any							=       {}
						if aliases is not None:
												__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       aliases
						if help is not None:
												__magic_name__:	Dict							=       help

						return dataclasses.field(metadata=__UpperCAmelCase      ,   default=__UpperCAmelCase      ,   default_factory=__UpperCAmelCase      ,   **__UpperCAmelCase  )



class       __A		(   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_			):
					UpperCAmelCase__								=				42

					def __init__(			self  :      Optional[Any]     ,		__snake_case  :      Union[DataClassType, Iterable[DataClassType]]     ,		**__snake_case  :      int					)			->							Optional[int]:
											# To make the default appear when using --help
											if "formatter_class" not in kwargs:
																	__magic_name__:	int							=       ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
											super().__init__(**__snake_case					)
											if dataclasses.is_dataclass(__snake_case					):
																	__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       [dataclass_types]
											__magic_name__:	str							=       list(__snake_case					)
											for dtype in self.dataclass_types:
																	self._add_dataclass_arguments(__snake_case					)

					@staticmethod
					def   lowerCamelCase__   (			__snake_case  :      ArgumentParser     ,		__snake_case  :      dataclasses.Field					)			->							Dict:
											__magic_name__:	Tuple							=       F'--{field.name}'
											__magic_name__:	Optional[int]							=       field.metadata.copy()
											# field.metadata is not used at all by Data Classes,
											# it is provided as a third-party extension mechanism.
											if isinstance(field.type     ,		__snake_case					):
																	raise RuntimeError(
																	    """Unresolved type detected, which should have been done with the help of """
																	    """`typing.get_type_hints` method by default"""					)

											__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       kwargs.pop("""aliases"""     ,		[]					)
											if isinstance(__snake_case     ,		__snake_case					):
																	__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       [aliases]

											__magic_name__:	str							=       getattr(field.type     ,		"""__origin__"""     ,		field.type					)
											if origin_type is Union or (hasattr(__snake_case     ,		"""UnionType"""					) and isinstance(__snake_case     ,		types.UnionType					)):
																	if str not in field.type.__args__ and (
																	    len(field.type.__args__					) != 2 or type(__snake_case					) not in field.type.__args__
																	):
																							raise ValueError(
																							    """Only `Union[X, NoneType]` (i.e., `Optional[X]`) is allowed for `Union` because"""
																							    """ the argument parser only supports one type per argument."""
																							    F' Problem encountered in field \'{field.name}\'.'					)
																	if type(__snake_case					) not in field.type.__args__:
																							# filter `str` in Union
																							__magic_name__:	int							=       field.type.__args__[0] if field.type.__args__[1] == str else field.type.__args__[1]
																							__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       getattr(field.type     ,		"""__origin__"""     ,		field.type					)
																	elif bool not in field.type.__args__:
																							# filter `NoneType` in Union (except for `Union[bool, NoneType]`)
																							__magic_name__:	str							=       (
																							    field.type.__args__[0] if isinstance(__snake_case     ,		field.type.__args__[1]					) else field.type.__args__[1]
																							)
																							__magic_name__:	List[str]							=       getattr(field.type     ,		"""__origin__"""     ,		field.type					)

        # A variable to store kwargs for a boolean field, if needed
        # so that we can init a `no_*` complement argument (see below)
											__magic_name__:	Tuple							=       {}
											if origin_type is Literal or (isinstance(field.type     ,		__snake_case					) and issubclass(field.type     ,		__snake_case					)):
																	if origin_type is Literal:
																							__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       field.type.__args__
																	else:
																							__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       [x.value for x in field.type]

																	__magic_name__:	Dict							=       make_choice_type_function(kwargs["""choices"""]					)

																	if field.default is not dataclasses.MISSING:
																							__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       field.default
																	else:
																							__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       True
											elif field.type is bool or field.type == Optional[bool]:
																	# Copy the currect kwargs to use to instantiate a `no_*` complement argument below.
																	# We do not initialize it here because the `no_*` alternative must be instantiated after the real argument
																	__magic_name__:	int							=       copy(__snake_case					)

																	# Hack because type=bool in argparse does not behave as we want.
																	__magic_name__:	List[str]							=       string_to_bool
																	if field.type is bool or (field.default is not None and field.default is not dataclasses.MISSING):
																							# Default value is False if we have no default when of type bool.
																							__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       False if field.default is dataclasses.MISSING else field.default
																							# This is the value that will get picked if we don't include --field_name in any way
																							__magic_name__:	List[str]							=       default
																							# This tells argparse we accept 0 or 1 value after --field_name
																							__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       """?"""
																							# This is the value that will get picked if we do --field_name (without value)
																							__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       True
											elif isclass(__snake_case					) and issubclass(__snake_case     ,		__snake_case					):
																	__magic_name__:	Dict							=       field.type.__args__[0]
																	__magic_name__:	str							=       """+"""
																	if field.default_factory is not dataclasses.MISSING:
																							__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       field.default_factory()
																	elif field.default is dataclasses.MISSING:
																							__magic_name__:	Tuple							=       True
											else:
																	__magic_name__:	Dict							=       field.type
																	if field.default is not dataclasses.MISSING:
																							__magic_name__:	Any							=       field.default
																	elif field.default_factory is not dataclasses.MISSING:
																							__magic_name__:	Any							=       field.default_factory()
																	else:
																							__magic_name__:	Tuple							=       True
											parser.add_argument(__snake_case     ,		*__snake_case     ,		**__snake_case					)

											# Add a complement `no_*` argument for a boolean field AFTER the initial field has already been added.
											# Order is important for arguments with the same destination!
											# We use a copy of earlier kwargs because the original kwargs have changed a lot before reaching down
											# here and we do not need those changes/additional keys.
											if field.default is True and (field.type is bool or field.type == Optional[bool]):
																	__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       False
																	parser.add_argument(F'--no_{field.name}'     ,		action="""store_false"""     ,		dest=field.name     ,		**__snake_case					)

					def   lowerCamelCase__   (			self  :      str     ,		__snake_case  :      DataClassType					)			->							Any:
											if hasattr(__snake_case     ,		"""_argument_group_name"""					):
																	__magic_name__:	Tuple							=       self.add_argument_group(dtype._argument_group_name					)
											else:
																	__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       self

											try:
																	__magic_name__:	Dict[str, type]							=       get_type_hints(__snake_case					)
											except NameError:
																	raise RuntimeError(
																	    F'Type resolution failed for {dtype}. Try declaring the class in global scope or '
																	    """removing line of `from __future__ import annotations` which opts in Postponed """
																	    """Evaluation of Annotations (PEP 563)"""					)
											except TypeError as ex:
																	# Remove this block when we drop Python 3.9 support
																	if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 1_0) and "unsupported operand type(s) for |" in str(__snake_case					):
																							__magic_name__:	int							=       """.""".join(map(__snake_case     ,		sys.version_info[:3]					)					)
																							raise RuntimeError(
																							    F'Type resolution failed for {dtype} on Python {python_version}. Try removing '
																							    """line of `from __future__ import annotations` which opts in union types as """
																							    """`X | Y` (PEP 604) via Postponed Evaluation of Annotations (PEP 563). To """
																							    """support Python versions that lower than 3.10, you need to use """
																							    """`typing.Union[X, Y]` instead of `X | Y` and `typing.Optional[X]` instead of """
																							    """`X | None`."""					) from ex
																	raise

											for field in dataclasses.fields(__snake_case					):
																	if not field.init:
																							continue
																	__magic_name__:	List[str]							=       type_hints[field.name]
																	self._parse_dataclass_field(__snake_case     ,		__snake_case					)

					def   lowerCamelCase__   (			self  :      str     ,		__snake_case  :      Optional[Any]=None     ,		__snake_case  :      Optional[int]=False     ,		__snake_case  :      int=True     ,		__snake_case  :      Optional[Any]=None     ,		__snake_case  :      List[Any]=None     ,		)			->							Tuple[DataClass, ...]:

											if args_file_flag or args_filename or (look_for_args_file and len(sys.argv					)):
																	__magic_name__:	str							=       []

																	if args_filename:
																							args_files.append(Path(__snake_case					)					)
																	elif look_for_args_file and len(sys.argv					):
																							args_files.append(Path(sys.argv[0]					).with_suffix(""".args"""					)					)

																	# args files specified via command line flag should overwrite default args files so we add them last
																	if args_file_flag:
																							# Create special parser just to extract the args_file_flag values
																							__magic_name__:	Dict							=       ArgumentParser()
																							args_file_parser.add_argument(__snake_case     ,		type=__snake_case     ,		action="""append"""					)

																							# Use only remaining args for further parsing (remove the args_file_flag)
																							__magic_name__,			__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       args_file_parser.parse_known_args(args=__snake_case					)
																							__magic_name__:	Any							=       vars(__snake_case					).get(args_file_flag.lstrip("""-"""					)     ,		__snake_case					)

																							if cmd_args_file_paths:
																													args_files.extend([Path(__snake_case					) for p in cmd_args_file_paths]					)

																	__magic_name__:	int							=       []
																	for args_file in args_files:
																							if args_file.exists():
																													file_args += args_file.read_text().split()

            # in case of duplicate arguments the last one has precedence
            # args specified via the command line should overwrite args from files, so we add them last
																	__magic_name__:	List[str]							=       file_args + args if args is not None else file_args + sys.argv[1:]
											__magic_name__,			__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       self.parse_known_args(args=__snake_case					)
											__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       []
											for dtype in self.dataclass_types:
																	__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       {f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(__snake_case					) if f.init}
																	__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       {k: v for k, v in vars(__snake_case					).items() if k in keys}
																	for k in keys:
																							delattr(__snake_case     ,		__snake_case					)
																	__magic_name__:	Dict							=       dtype(**__snake_case					)
																	outputs.append(__snake_case					)
											if len(namespace.__dict__					) > 0:
																	# additional namespace.
																	outputs.append(__snake_case					)
											if return_remaining_strings:
																	return (*outputs, remaining_args)
											else:
																	if remaining_args:
																							raise ValueError(F'Some specified arguments are not used by the HfArgumentParser: {remaining_args}'					)

																	return (*outputs,)

					def   lowerCamelCase__   (			self  :      List[Any]     ,		__snake_case  :      Dict[str, Any]     ,		__snake_case  :      bool = False					)			->							Tuple[DataClass, ...]:
											__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       set(args.keys()					)
											__magic_name__:	Dict							=       []
											for dtype in self.dataclass_types:
																	__magic_name__:	int							=       {f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(__snake_case					) if f.init}
																	__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       {k: v for k, v in args.items() if k in keys}
																	unused_keys.difference_update(inputs.keys()					)
																	__magic_name__:	Optional[int]							=       dtype(**__snake_case					)
																	outputs.append(__snake_case					)
											if not allow_extra_keys and unused_keys:
																	raise ValueError(F'Some keys are not used by the HfArgumentParser: {sorted(__snake_case					)}'					)
											return tuple(__snake_case					)

					def   lowerCamelCase__   (			self  :      Union[str, Any]     ,		__snake_case  :      str     ,		__snake_case  :      bool = False					)			->							Tuple[DataClass, ...]:
											with open(Path(__snake_case					)     ,		encoding="""utf-8"""					) as open_json_file:
																	__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       json.loads(open_json_file.read()					)
											__magic_name__:	Optional[Any]							=       self.parse_dict(__snake_case     ,		allow_extra_keys=__snake_case					)
											return tuple(__snake_case					)






					def   lowerCamelCase__   (			self  :      Optional[int]     ,		__snake_case  :      str     ,		__snake_case  :      bool = False					)			->							Tuple[DataClass, ...]:
											__magic_name__:	Optional[int]							=       self.parse_dict(yaml.safe_load(Path(__snake_case					).read_text()					)     ,		allow_extra_keys=__snake_case					)
											return tuple(__snake_case					)











"""simple docstring"""





from random import randint
from tempfile import TemporaryFile

import numpy as np



def   a    (     __UpperCAmelCase      :    Optional[Any]      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      :    Optional[int]      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      :    Optional[int]  )    ->							int:
						__magic_name__:	Optional[int]							=       0
						if start < end:
												__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       randint(__UpperCAmelCase      ,   __UpperCAmelCase  )
												__magic_name__:	int							=       a[end]
												__magic_name__:	Optional[int]							=       a[pivot]
												__magic_name__:	Tuple							=       temp

												__magic_name__,			__magic_name__:	int							=       _in_place_partition(__UpperCAmelCase      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      ,   __UpperCAmelCase  )
												count += _in_place_quick_sort(__UpperCAmelCase      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      ,   p - 1  )
												count += _in_place_quick_sort(__UpperCAmelCase      ,   p + 1      ,   __UpperCAmelCase  )
						return count



def   a    (     __UpperCAmelCase      :    Optional[Any]      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      :    str      ,   __UpperCAmelCase      :    List[Any]  )    ->							Union[str, Any]:
						__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       0
						__magic_name__:	str							=       randint(__UpperCAmelCase      ,   __UpperCAmelCase  )
						__magic_name__:	Optional[int]							=       a[end]
						__magic_name__:	Optional[int]							=       a[pivot]
						__magic_name__:	Optional[int]							=       temp
						__magic_name__:	Dict							=       start - 1
						for index in range(__UpperCAmelCase      ,   __UpperCAmelCase  ):
												count += 1
												if a[index] < a[end]:  # check if current val is less than pivot value
																		__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       new_pivot_index + 1
																		__magic_name__:	Any							=       a[new_pivot_index]
																		__magic_name__:	int							=       a[index]
																		__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       temp

						__magic_name__:	List[Any]							=       a[new_pivot_index + 1]
						__magic_name__:	Union[str, Any]							=       a[end]
						__magic_name__:	Dict							=       temp
						return new_pivot_index + 1, count


__lowerCamelCase							=  TemporaryFile()
__lowerCamelCase							=  1_00  # 1000 elements are to be sorted


__lowerCamelCase		,					__lowerCamelCase							=  0, 1  # mean and standard deviation
__lowerCamelCase							=  np.random.normal(mu, sigma, p)
np.save(outfile, X)
print('The array is')
print(X)


outfile.seek(0)  # using the same array
__lowerCamelCase							=  np.load(outfile)
__lowerCamelCase							=  len(M) - 1
__lowerCamelCase							=  _in_place_quick_sort(M, 0, r)

print(
    'No of Comparisons for 100 elements selected from a standard normal distribution'
    'is :'
)

print(z)



