





from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Iterator




class        _a    :

      """simple docstring"""


      def __init__(		self:			Dict	,    __lowerCamelCase:			int					):
          '''simple docstring'''


          UpperCamelCase__:	Optional[Any]					=     value
          UpperCamelCase__:	Node | None					=     None
          UpperCamelCase__:	Node | None					=     None




class        _a    :

      """simple docstring"""


      def __init__(		self:			Optional[Any]	,    __lowerCamelCase:			Node					):
          '''simple docstring'''


          UpperCamelCase__:	Tuple					=     tree






      def 			UpperCAmelCase_       (		self:			List[Any]	,    __lowerCamelCase:			Node | None					):
          '''simple docstring'''


          if node is None:
              return 0
          return node.value + (
              self.depth_first_search(node.left					) + self.depth_first_search(node.right					)
          )






      def __iter__(		self:			List[Any]					):
          '''simple docstring'''


          yield self.depth_first_search(self.tree					)


if __name__ == "__main__":
   import doctest

   doctest.testmod()








def 				lowerCAmelCase_ (							A_):
    if not all(char in "01" for char in bin_string):
        raise ValueError("Non-binary value was passed to the function")
    if not bin_string:
        raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function")
    UpperCamelCase__:	List[Any]					=     ""
    while len(A_) % 3 != 0:
        UpperCamelCase__:	int					=     "0" + bin_string
    UpperCamelCase__:	Optional[int]					=     [
        bin_string[index : index + 3]
        for index in range(len(A_))
        if index % 3 == 0
    ]
    for bin_group in bin_string_in_3_list:
        UpperCamelCase__:	Union[str, Any]					=     0
        for index, val in enumerate(A_):
            oct_val += int(2 ** (2 - index) * int(A_))
        oct_string += str(A_)
    return oct_string


if __name__ == "__main__":
   from doctest import testmod

   testmod()

