




"""simple docstring"""






from copy import deepcopy




class 	a__      :





						def __init__(				self   :						Optional[int]  ,a__   :						list[int] | None = None  ,a__   :						int | None = None)    ->							None:




											"""simple docstring"""







											if arr is None and size is not None:
																_lowerCAmelCase:Any						=	size
																_lowerCAmelCase:Any						=	[0] * size
											elif arr is not None:
																self.init(__snake_case)
											else:
																raise ValueError('''Either arr or size must be specified''')





						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				self   :						int  ,a__   :						list[int])    ->							None:




											"""simple docstring"""







											_lowerCAmelCase:Tuple						=	len(__snake_case)
											_lowerCAmelCase:int						=	deepcopy(__snake_case)
											for i in range(1  ,self.size):
																_lowerCAmelCase:List[str]						=	self.next_(__snake_case)
																if j < self.size:
																					self.tree[j] += self.tree[i]





						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				self   :						Optional[Any])    ->							list[int]:




											"""simple docstring"""







											_lowerCAmelCase:int						=	self.tree[:]
											for i in range(self.size - 1  ,0  ,-1):
																_lowerCAmelCase:Union[str, Any]						=	self.next_(__snake_case)
																if j < self.size:
																					arr[j] -= arr[i]
											return arr





						@staticmethod
						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				a__   :						int)    ->							int:




											"""simple docstring"""







											return index + (index & (-index))





						@staticmethod
						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				a__   :						int)    ->							int:




											"""simple docstring"""







											return index - (index & (-index))





						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				self   :						str  ,a__   :						int  ,a__   :						int)    ->							None:




											"""simple docstring"""







											if index == 0:
																self.tree[0] += value
																return
											while index < self.size:
																self.tree[index] += value
																_lowerCAmelCase:Tuple						=	self.next_(__snake_case)





						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				self   :						Optional[Any]  ,a__   :						int  ,a__   :						int)    ->							None:




											"""simple docstring"""







											self.add(__snake_case  ,value - self.get(__snake_case))





						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				self   :						str  ,a__   :						int)    ->							int:




											"""simple docstring"""







											if right == 0:
																return 0
											_lowerCAmelCase:Tuple						=	self.tree[0]
											right -= 1  # make right inclusive
											while right > 0:
																result += self.tree[right]
																_lowerCAmelCase:str						=	self.prev(__snake_case)
											return result





						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				self   :						Tuple  ,a__   :						int  ,a__   :						int)    ->							int:




											"""simple docstring"""







											return self.prefix(__snake_case) - self.prefix(__snake_case)





						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				self   :						Optional[Any]  ,a__   :						int)    ->							int:




											"""simple docstring"""







											return self.query(__snake_case  ,index + 1)







						def    __UpperCamelCase  (				self   :						str  ,a__   :						int)    ->							int:




											"""simple docstring"""







											value -= self.tree[0]
											if value < 0:
																return -1

											_lowerCAmelCase:List[str]						=	1  # Largest power of 2 <= size
											while j * 2 < self.size:
																j *= 2

											_lowerCAmelCase:List[str]						=	0

											while j > 0:
																if i + j < self.size and self.tree[i + j] <= value:
																					value -= self.tree[i + j]
																					i += j
																j //= 2
											return i


if __name__ == "__main__":
				import doctest

				doctest.testmod()













'''simple docstring'''






import numpy as np
from cva import COLOR_BGR2GRAY, cvtColor, imread
from numpy import array, uinta
from PIL import Image

from digital_image_processing import change_contrast as cc
from digital_image_processing import convert_to_negative as cn
from digital_image_processing import sepia as sp
from digital_image_processing.dithering import burkes as bs
from digital_image_processing.edge_detection import canny
from digital_image_processing.filters import convolve as conv
from digital_image_processing.filters import gaussian_filter as gg
from digital_image_processing.filters import local_binary_pattern as lbp
from digital_image_processing.filters import median_filter as med
from digital_image_processing.filters import sobel_filter as sob
from digital_image_processing.resize import resize as rs

A__							:  List[str]    =imread(r'''digital_image_processing/image_data/lena_small.jpg''')
A__							:  Union[str, Any]    =cvtColor(img, COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      _lowerCAmelCase					=				cn.convert_to_negative(lowerCAmelCase    )
      # assert negative_img array for at least one True
      assert negative_img.any()
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      with Image.open("""digital_image_processing/image_data/lena_small.jpg"""    ) as img:
            # Work around assertion for response
            assert str(cc.change_contrast(lowerCAmelCase				,      1_10    )    ).startswith(
                """<PIL.Image.Image image mode=RGB size=100x100 at"""    )
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      _lowerCAmelCase					=				canny.gen_gaussian_kernel(9				,      sigma=1.4    )
      # Assert ambiguous array
      assert resp.all()
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      _lowerCAmelCase					=				imread("""digital_image_processing/image_data/lena_small.jpg"""				,      0    )
      # assert ambiguous array for all == True
      assert canny_img.all()
      _lowerCAmelCase					=				canny.canny(lowerCAmelCase    )
      # assert canny array for at least one True
      assert canny_array.any()
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      assert gg.gaussian_filter(lowerCAmelCase				,      5				,      sigma=0.9    ).all()
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      _lowerCAmelCase					=				array([[0.25, 0.5, 0.25], [0.5, -3, 0.5], [0.25, 0.5, 0.25]]    )
      _lowerCAmelCase					=				conv.img_convolve(lowerCAmelCase				,      lowerCAmelCase    ).astype(lowerCAmelCase    )
      assert res.any()
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      assert med.median_filter(lowerCAmelCase				,      3    ).any()
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      _lowerCAmelCase	,				_lowerCAmelCase					=				sob.sobel_filter(lowerCAmelCase    )
      assert grad.any() and theta.any()
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      _lowerCAmelCase					=				sp.make_sepia(lowerCAmelCase				,      20    )
      assert sepia.all()
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						lowerCAmelCase = "digital_image_processing/image_data/lena_small.jpg"    ):





      """simple docstring"""


      _lowerCAmelCase					=				bs.Burkes(imread(lowerCAmelCase				,      1    )				,      1_20    )
      burkes.process()
      assert burkes.output_img.any()
def   UpperCamelCase__ (						lowerCAmelCase = "digital_image_processing/image_data/lena_small.jpg"				,      ):





      """simple docstring"""


      _lowerCAmelCase					=				rs.NearestNeighbour(imread(lowerCAmelCase				,      1    )				,      4_00				,      2_00    )
      nn.process()
      assert nn.output.any()





def   UpperCamelCase__ (						):





      """simple docstring"""


      _lowerCAmelCase					=				"""digital_image_processing/image_data/lena.jpg"""

      # Reading the image and converting it to grayscale.
      _lowerCAmelCase					=				imread(lowerCAmelCase				,      0    )

      # Test for get_neighbors_pixel function() return not None
      _lowerCAmelCase					=				0
      _lowerCAmelCase					=				0
      _lowerCAmelCase					=				image[x_coordinate][y_coordinate]

      _lowerCAmelCase					=				lbp.get_neighbors_pixel(
          lowerCAmelCase				,      lowerCAmelCase				,      lowerCAmelCase				,      lowerCAmelCase    )

      assert neighbors_pixels is not None

      # Test for local_binary_pattern function()
      # Create a numpy array as the same height and width of read image
      _lowerCAmelCase					=				np.zeros((image.shape[0], image.shape[1])    )

      # Iterating through the image and calculating the local binary pattern value
      # for each pixel.
      for i in range(0				,      image.shape[0]    ):
            for j in range(0				,      image.shape[1]    ):
                  _lowerCAmelCase					=				lbp.local_binary_value(lowerCAmelCase				,      lowerCAmelCase				,      lowerCAmelCase    )

      assert lbp_image.any()






