




from math import pi, sqrt, tan




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if side_length < 0:
      raise ValueError("""surface_area_cube() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return 6 * side_length**2




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if length < 0 or breadth < 0 or height < 0:
      raise ValueError("""surface_area_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return 2 * ((length * breadth) + (breadth * height) + (length * height))




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if radius < 0:
      raise ValueError("""surface_area_sphere() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return 4 * pi * radius**2




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if radius < 0:
      raise ValueError("""surface_area_hemisphere() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return 3 * pi * radius**2




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if radius < 0 or height < 0:
      raise ValueError("""surface_area_cone() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return pi * radius * (radius + (height**2 + radius**2) ** 0.5)




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or height < 0:
      raise ValueError(
          """surface_area_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   snake_case :							List[str]           =			(height**2 + (radius_a - radius_a) ** 2) ** 0.5
   return pi * ((slant_height * (radius_a + radius_a)) + radius_a**2 + radius_a**2)




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if radius < 0 or height < 0:
      raise ValueError("""surface_area_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return 2 * pi * radius * (height + radius)




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if torus_radius < 0 or tube_radius < 0:
      raise ValueError("""surface_area_torus() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   if torus_radius < tube_radius:
      raise ValueError(
          """surface_area_torus() does not support spindle or self intersecting tori"""	)
   return 4 * pow(snake_case_		,2	) * torus_radius * tube_radius




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if length < 0 or width < 0:
      raise ValueError("""area_rectangle() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return length * width




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if side_length < 0:
      raise ValueError("""area_square() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return side_length**2




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if base < 0 or height < 0:
      raise ValueError("""area_triangle() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return (base * height) / 2




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if sidea < 0 or sidea < 0 or sidea < 0:
      raise ValueError("""area_triangle_three_sides() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   elif sidea + sidea < sidea or sidea + sidea < sidea or sidea + sidea < sidea:
      raise ValueError("""Given three sides do not form a triangle"""	)
   snake_case :							List[str]           =			(sidea + sidea + sidea) / 2
   snake_case :							List[str]           =			sqrt(
       semi_perimeter
       * (semi_perimeter - sidea)
       * (semi_perimeter - sidea)
       * (semi_perimeter - sidea)	)
   return area




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if base < 0 or height < 0:
      raise ValueError("""area_parallelogram() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return base * height




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if basea < 0 or basea < 0 or height < 0:
      raise ValueError("""area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return 1 / 2 * (basea + basea) * height




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if radius < 0:
      raise ValueError("""area_circle() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return pi * radius**2




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if radius_x < 0 or radius_y < 0:
      raise ValueError("""area_ellipse() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return pi * radius_x * radius_y




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if diagonal_a < 0 or diagonal_a < 0:
      raise ValueError("""area_rhombus() only accepts non-negative values"""	)
   return 1 / 2 * diagonal_a * diagonal_a




def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   (       lowercase		,lowercase	)    ->  float:







   if not isinstance(snake_case_		,snake_case_	) or sides < 3:
      raise ValueError(
          """area_reg_polygon() only accepts integers greater than or \
equal to three as number of sides"""	)
   elif length < 0:
      raise ValueError(
          """area_reg_polygon() only accepts non-negative values as \
length of a side"""	)
   return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides	))
   return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides	))


if __name__ == "__main__":
       import doctest

       doctest.testmod(verbose=True)  # verbose so we can see methods missing tests

       print('[DEMO] Areas of various geometric shapes: \n')
       print(f"""Rectangle: {area_rectangle(1_0, 2_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Square: {area_square(1_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Triangle: {area_triangle(1_0, 1_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Triangle: {area_triangle_three_sides(5, 1_2, 1_3) = }""")
       print(f"""Parallelogram: {area_parallelogram(1_0, 2_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Rhombus: {area_rhombus(1_0, 2_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Trapezium: {area_trapezium(1_0, 2_0, 3_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Circle: {area_circle(2_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Ellipse: {area_ellipse(1_0, 2_0) = }""")
       print('\nSurface Areas of various geometric shapes: \n')
       print(f"""Cube: {surface_area_cube(2_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Cuboid: {surface_area_cuboid(1_0, 2_0, 3_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Sphere: {surface_area_sphere(2_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Hemisphere: {surface_area_hemisphere(2_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Cone: {surface_area_cone(1_0, 2_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Conical Frustum: {surface_area_conical_frustum(1_0, 2_0, 3_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Cylinder: {surface_area_cylinder(1_0, 2_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Torus: {surface_area_torus(2_0, 1_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Equilateral Triangle: {area_reg_polygon(3, 1_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Square: {area_reg_polygon(4, 1_0) = }""")
       print(f"""Reqular Pentagon: {area_reg_polygon(5, 1_0) = }""")












"""simple docstring"""



def 						__lowercase	(  snake_case_    :    list		)  ->float:



    '''simple docstring'''







    __A       :		Tuple							=	0
    while len(snake_case_		) > 1:
        __A       :		List[Any]							=	0
        # Consider two files with minimum cost to be merged
        for _ in range(2		):
            __A       :		Dict							=	files.index(min(snake_case_		)		)
            temp += files[min_index]
            files.pop(snake_case_		)
        files.append(snake_case_		)
        optimal_merge_cost += temp
    return optimal_merge_cost


if __name__ == "__main__":
       import doctest

       doctest.testmod()




